As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 27, 201229, 2015

 

 

 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 20-F

 

¨REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

xANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

        For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20112014

OR

 

¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

¨SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

        Date of event requiring this shell company report                                        

        For the transition period from                     to                    

Commission file number 1-14926

KT Corporation

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

KT Corporation The Republic of Korea
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English) (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

206 Jungja-dongKT Gwanghwamun Building East

Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do33, Jong-ro 3-Gil, Jongno-gu

463-711 Seoul, Korea

(Address of principal executive offices)

Thomas Bum Joon KimKwang Suk Shin

206 Jungja-dongKT Gwanghwamun Building East

Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do33, Jong-ro 3-Gil, Jongno-gu

463-711 Seoul, Korea

Telephone: +82-31-727-0150;+82-31-727-0114; E-mail: thomaskim@kt.comks.shin@kt.com

(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

 

Title of each class

  

Name of each exchange on which registered

American Depositary Shares, each representing  

New York Stock Exchange, Inc.

one-half of one share of common stock  
Common Stock, par value(Won)5,000 per share*  

New York Stock Exchange, Inc.*

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

None

As of December 31, 2011,2014, there were 261,111,808 shares of common stock, par value(Won)5,000 per share, outstanding (not

(not including 17,897,14716,249,100 shares of common stock held by the company as treasury shares)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No   ¨

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes¨Nox

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YesxNo¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ¨    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filerxAccelerated filer¨Non-accelerated filer¨

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing.

U.S. GAAP¨IFRSx    Other¨

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.    Item 17  ¨    Item 18  ¨

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

*Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of the American Depositary Shares.

 

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

        Page 

PART I

   1  

ITEM 1.

 

IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGERS AND ADVISERS

   1  
 

Item 1.A.

  

Directors and Senior Management

   1  
 

Item 1.B.

  

Advisers

   1  
 

Item 1.C.

  

Auditors

   1  

ITEM 2.

 

OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

   1  
 

Item 2.A.

  

Offer Statistics

   1  
 

Item 2.B.

  

Method and Expected Timetable

   1  

ITEM 3.

 

KEY INFORMATION

   21  
 

Item 3.A.

  

Selected Financial Data

   21  
 

Item 3.B.

  

Capitalization and Indebtedness

   56  
 

Item 3.C.

  

Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

   56  
 

Item 3.D.

  

Risk Factors

   56  

ITEM 4.

 

INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

   1621  
 

Item 4.A.

  

History and Development of the Company

   1621  
 

Item 4.B.

  

Business Overview

   1722  
 

Item 4.C.

  

Organizational Structure

   4252  
 

Item 4.D.

  

Property, Plants and Equipment

   4252  

ITEM 4A.

 

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

   4655  

ITEM 5.

 

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

   4656  
 

Item 5.A.

  

Operating Results

   4656  
 

Item 5.B.

  

Liquidity and Capital Resources

   6181  
 

Item 5.C.

  

Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.

   6484  
 

Item 5.D.

  

Trend Information

   6585  
 

Item 5.E.

  

Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

   6585  
 

Item 5.F.

  

Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

   6586  
 

Item 5.G.

  

Safe Harbor

   6586  

ITEM 6.

 

DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

   6586  
 

Item 6.A.

  

Directors and Senior Management

   6586  
 

Item 6.B.

  

Compensation

   7293  
 

Item 6.C.

  

Board Practices

   7394  
 

Item 6.D.

  

Employees

   7496  
 

Item 6.E.

  

Share Ownership

   7698  

 

i


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

        Page 

ITEM 7.

 

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

   7798  
 

Item 7.A.

  

Major Shareholders

   7798  
 

Item 7.B.

  

Related Party Transactions

   7798  
 

Item 7.C.

  

Interests of Experts and Counsel

   7798  

ITEM 8.

 

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

   7799  
 

Item 8.A.

  

Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

   7799  
 

Item 8.B.

  

Significant Changes

   79101  

ITEM 9.

 

THE OFFER AND LISTING

   79101  
 

Item 9.A.

  

Offer and Listing Details

   79101  
 

Item 9.B.

  

Plan of Distribution

   80102  
 

Item 9.C.

  

Markets

   80103  
 

Item 9.D.

  

Selling Shareholders

   84107  
 

Item 9.E.

  

Dilution

   85107  
 

Item 9.F.

  

Expenses of the Issuer

   85107  

ITEM 10.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

   85107  
 

Item 10.A.

  

Share Capital

   85107  
 

Item 10.B.

  

Memorandum and Articles of Association

   85107  
 

Item 10.C.

  

Material Contracts

   91113  
 

Item 10.D.

  

Exchange Controls

   91113  
 

Item 10.E.

  

Taxation

   96117  
 

Item 10.F.

  

Dividends and Paying Agents

   100122  
 

Item 10.G.

  

Statements by Experts

   100123  
 

Item 10.H.

  

Documents on Display

   101123  
 

Item 10.I.

  

Subsidiary Information

   101123  

ITEM 11.

 

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

   101123  

ITEM 12.

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

   104126  
 

Item 12.A.

  

Debt Securities

   104126  
 

Item 12.B.

  

Warrants and Rights

   104126  
 

Item 12.C.

  

Other Securities

   104126  
 

Item 12.D.

  

American Depositary Shares

   104126  

PART II

   105127  

ITEM 13.

 

DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

   105127  

 

ii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

         Page 

ITEM 14.

  MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS   105127  

ITEM 15.

  

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

   105127  

ITEM 16.

  

[Reserved]RESERVED]

   107129  

ITEM 16A.

  

AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

   107129  

ITEM 16B.

  

CODE OF ETHICS

   107129  

ITEM 16C.

  

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

   107129  

ITEM 16D.

  EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES   108130  

ITEM 16E.

  PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS   108130  

ITEM 16F.

  CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT   108130  

ITEM 16G.

  CORPORATE GOVERNANCE   108131  

ITEM 16H.

  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE   109132  

PART III

   110133  

ITEM 17.

  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   110133  

ITEM 18.

  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   110133  

ITEM 19.

  EXHIBITS   110133  

 

iii


PRESENTATION

All references to “Korea” or the “Republic” contained in this annual report mean the Republic of Korea. All references to the “Government” are to the government of the Republic of Korea. All references to “we,” “us” or the “Company” are to KT Corporation and, as the context may require, its subsidiaries.

All references to “Won” or “(Won)” in this annual report are to the currency of the Republic and all references to “Dollars,” “$,” “US$” or “U.S. dollars” are to the currency of the United States of America. Our monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated into Won at the market average exchange rate announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd. (the “Market Average Exchange Rate”) on the balance sheet dates, which were, for U.S. dollars,(Won)1,138.91,071.1 to US$1.00,1,055.3 to US$1.00 and(Won)1,153.31,099.2 to US$1.00 at December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, respectively. Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in Won and, solely for the convenience of the reader, the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 20112014 have been translated into United States dollars at the rate of(Won)1,153.31,099.2 to US$1.00, the Market Average Exchange Rate in effect on December 31, 2011.2014.

Any discrepancies in any table between totals and the sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.

All market share data contained in this annual report, unless otherwise specified, are based on the number of subscribers announced by the Korea Communications Commission (the “KCC”) or the Korea Telecommunications Operators Association.

PART I

Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Managers and Advisers

Item 1.A.  Directors and Senior Management

Not applicable.

Item 1.B.  Advisers

Not applicable.

Item 1.C.  Auditors

Not applicable.

Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Item 2.A.  Offer Statistics

Not applicable.

Item 2.B.  Method and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

Item 3. Key Information

Item 3.A.Selected Financial Data

You should read the selected consolidated financial data below in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 20112014 and for each of the years

in the two-yearthree-year period ended December 31, 2011,2014, and the report of the independent registered public accounting firm on these statements included herein. These audited financial statements and the related notes have been prepared under IFRSInternational Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the IASB.International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The selected consolidated financial data for the twothree years ended December 31, 20112014 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements.

In addition to preparing financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB included in this annual report, we also prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the Republic of Korea (“K-IFRS”), which we are required to file with the Financial Services Commission and the Korea Exchange under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act of Korea (“FSCMA”). English translations of such financial statements are furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission under Form 6-K. During the three years ended December 31, 2014, we are required to adopt certain amendments and interpretations to K-IFRS, relating to presentation of operating profit. Additionally, under K-IFRS, revenue from the development and sale of real estate is recognized using the percentage of completion method. However, under IFRS as issued by the IASB, revenue from the development and sale of real estate is recognized when an individual unit of residential real estate is delivered to the buyer. Furthermore, in connection with the exercise of early redemption rights for certain commercial paper guaranteed by KT ENGCORE Co., Ltd. (formerly known as KT ENS Corporation until April 2015) (“KT ENS”), our previously consolidated subsidiary, we recognized financial losses relating to the resulting estimation of guarantee liabilities in our consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB for the year ended December 31, 2013 (which were issued on April 28, 2014), which were not reflected in our financial statements prepared in accordance with K-IFRS for the year ended December 31, 2013 (which were issued on March 13, 2014) as it was not possible to make a reasonable estimate of the liabilities at the time of issuing the K-IFRS financial statements. We subsequently reflected such losses in our K-IFRS financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014. As a result, the presentation of operating results in our consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB included in this annual report differs from the presentation of operating results in our consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with K-IFRS. See “Item 5.A. Operating Results—Explanatory Note Regarding Presentation of Certain Financial Information under K-IFRS” for additional information. In accordance with rule amendments adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission which became effective on March 4, 2008, we are not required to provide a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. Furthermore, pursuant to the transitional relief granted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in respect of the first-time application of IFRS, no audited financial statements and financial information prepared under IFRS for the year ended December 31, 2009 have been included in this annual report.

The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of the results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this annual report.

Consolidated statement of incomeoperations data

 

  Year Ended December 31,   Year Ended December 31, 
          2010                 2011                 2011 (1)               2010(1)          2011(1)          2012(1)          2013         2014         2014(2)      
    (In billions of Won and millions of Dollars, except per share data)     (In billions of Won and millions of Dollars, except per share data) 

Continuing Operations:

           

Operating revenue

  (Won)20,326   (Won)21,990   US$19,067    20,310   22,088   24,644   24,058   23,727   US$21,586  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Revenue

   19,993    21,311    23,856    23,729    23,469    21,351  

Others

   317    777    787    329    258    235  

Operating expenses

   18,318    20,016    17,356     18,303    20,101    22,964    23,734    24,390    22,189  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Operating profit

   2,008    1,974    1,711     2,007    1,987    1,680    323    (662  (603

Finance income

   239    267    232     238    270    499    279    255    232  

Finance expenses

   (599  (640  (555

Income (loss) from jointly controlled entities and associates

   33    (3  (3

Profit from continuing operations before income tax

   1,681    1,598    1,385  

Income tax expense

   (397  (317  (275

Profit for the period from the continuing operations

   1,285    1,281    1,111  

Finance costs

   (596  (642  (782  (648  (818  (745

Income from jointly controlled entities and associates

   33    (6  18    7    18    17  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Profit (loss) from continuing operations before income tax

   1,681    1,609    1,415    (38  (1,208  (1,099
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

   (396  318    278    50    (266  (242

Profit (loss) for the year from the continuing operations

   1,285    1,291    1,137    (88  (941  (856
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Discontinued operations:

           

Profit from discontinued operations

   30    171    148  

Profit for the period

  (Won)1,315   (Won)1,452   US$1,259  

Profit for the period attributable to:

    

Profit (loss) from discontinued operations

   29    165    (32            
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Profit (loss) for the year

  1,314   1,455   1,105   (88 (941 US$(865
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Profit (loss) for the year attributable to:

       

Equity holders of the parent company

  (Won)1,296   (Won)1,447   US$1,254    1,296   1,446   1,046   (190 (1,030 US$(937

Profit from continuing operations

   1,273    1,277    1,107  

Profit from discontinued operations

   23    170    147  

Profit (loss) from continuing operations

   1,273    1,280    1,076    (190  (1,030  (937

Profit (loss) from discontinued operations

   23    166    (30            

Non-controlling interest

  (Won)19   (Won)5   US$5    19   10   59   102   89   US$81  

Profit from continuing operations

   12    5    5     13    11    61    102    89    81  

Profit from discontinued operations

   7    1    1  

Profit (loss) from discontinued operations

   6    (1  (2            

Earnings per share attributable to the equity holders of the Parent Company during the period (in won):

           

Basic earnings per share

  (Won)5,328   (Won)5,946   US$5  

Basic earnings (loss) per share

  5,326   5,943   4,296   (779 (4,215 US$(4.00

From continuing operations

   5,235    5,247    5     5,293    5,262    4,417    (779  (4,215  (4.00

From discontinued operations

   93    699    1     33    681    (121            

Diluted earnings per share

  (Won)5,328   (Won)5,946   US$5  

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

  5,326   5,942   4,296   (782 (4,215 US$(4.00

From continuing operations

   5,235    5,247    5     5,293    5,261    4,417    (782  (4,215  (4.00

From discontinued operations

   93    699    1     33    681    (121            

Consolidated statement of financial position data

 

                           As of December 31,                           As of December 31, 
      2010         2011         2011 (1)     
Selected Statement of Financial Position Data      2010(1)          2011(1)          2012(1)          2013         2014     
  (In billions of Won and millions of Dollars)   (In billions of Won) 

Assets:

        

Current assets:

          

Cash and cash equivalents

  (Won)1,162   (Won)1,445   US$1,253    1,162   1,462   2,058   2,071   1,889  

Trade and other receivables, net

   4,193    6,159    5,340     4,193    6,191    5,908    5,240    4,811  

Short-term loans, net

   725    698    605     725    698    668    839    710  

Current finance lease receivables, net

   195    249    216     195    249    340    294    259  

Other financial assets

   270    254    220     270    259    246    480    333  

Current income tax assets

   0    1    1         1    1    35    4  

Inventories, net

   711    675    585     711    676    935    674    419  

Other current assets

   264    311    269     264    311    362    340    350  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total current assets

   7,519    9,791    8,489     7,519    9,847    10,517    9,972    8,774  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Non-current assets:

          

Trade and other receivables, net

   1,125    1,723    1,494     1,125    1,725    1,073    813    849  

Long-term loans, net

   408    491    426     408    491    513    510    585  

Non-current finance lease receivables, net

   403    488    423     403    488    522    416    325  

Other financial assets

   269    622    539     269    622    672    673    705  

Property and equipment, net

   13,398    14,023    12,159     13,398    14,090    15,806    16,387    16,468  

Investment property, net

   1,146    1,159    1,005     1,146    1,159    1,155    1,105    1,060  

Intangible assets, net

   1,419    2,643    2,292     1,419    2,645    3,214    3,827    3,544  

Investments in jointly controlled entities and associates

   638    529    459     638    500    379    364    339  

Deferred income tax assets

   565    530    459     565    530    611    707    1,079  

Other non-current assets

   50    86    75     50    86    95    76    72  

Total non-current assets

   19,422    22,295    19,331     19,422    22,336    24,040    24,878    25,025  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total assets

  (Won)26,942   (Won)32,085   US$27,821    26,942   32,183   34,558   34,850   33,799  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Liabilities and Equity:

          

Current liabilities:

          

Trade and other payables

  (Won)4,424   (Won)5,890   US$5,107    4,424   5,902   7,221   7,414   6,408  

Current finance lease liabilities, net

   33    46    40     33    46    14    19    20  

Borrowings

   2,722    2,112    1,832     2,722    2,125    3,197    3,021    2,956  

Other financial liabilities

   1    8    7     1    8    72    64    24  

Current income tax liabilities

   284    187    162     284    187    144    100    46  

Provisions

   58    123    106     58    123    206    115    111  

Deferred income

   177    168    146     177    168    171    144    144  

Other current liabilities

   185    210    182     185    220    242    348    279  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total current liabilities

   7,885    8,745    7,583     7,885    8,780    11,267    11,224    9,987  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Non-current liabilities:

          

Trade and other payables

   382    652    565     382    652    701    1,059    909  

Non-current finance lease liabilities, net

   61    90    78     61    90    28    49    35  

Borrowings

   6,660    8,886    7,705     6,660    8,897    8,239    8,463    9,860  

Other financial liabilities

   38    288    250     38    288    70    179    191  

Retirement benefit liabilities

   264    426    369     264    426    549    586    594  

Provisions

   110    143    124     110    143    150    134    106  

Deferred income

   157    161    140     157    161    157    148    147  

Deferred income tax liabilities

   4    124    108     4    126    137    169    144  

Other non-current liabilities

   27    32    28     27    32    41    2    39  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total non-current liabilities

   7,703    10,802    9,367     7,703    10,815    10,073    10,789    12,025  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total liabilities

  (Won)15,588   (Won)19,548   US$16,949    15,588   19,595   21,340   22,013   22,012  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Equity attributable to owners of the Parent Company

          

Paid-in capital

          

Capital stock

  (Won)1,564   (Won)1,564   US$1,357    1,564   1,564   1,564   1,564   1,564  

Share premium

   1,440    1,440    1,249     1,440    1,440    1,440    1,440    1,440  

Retained earnings

   9,466    10,220    8,861     9,466    10,219    10,646    10,019    8,568  

Accumulated other comprehensive income (expense)

   (79  (23  (20   (79  (23  1    25    26  

Other components of equity

   (1,258  (1,497  (1,298   (1,258  (1,497  (1,343  (1,321  (1,261
   11,133    11,704    10,148     11,133    11,704    12,309    11,728    10,338  

Non-controlling interest

   221    834    723     221    884    909    1,110    1,449  

Total equity

   11,354    12,538    10,871     11,354    12,588    13,218    12,837    11,788  

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

  (Won)26,942   (Won)32,085   US$ 27,821  

Total liabilities and equity

  26,942   32,183   34,558   34,850   33,799  

Consolidated statement of cash flow data

 

                  Year Ended  December 31,                   Year Ended December 31, 
      2010         2011         2011 (1)        2010(1) 2011(1) 2012(1) 2013 2014 2014(2) 
  (In billions of Won and millions of Dollars)   (In billions of Won and millions of Dollars) 

Net cash generated from operating activities

  (Won)2,973   (Won)2,150   US$1,864    2,973   2,164   5,725   4,111   1,916   US$1,743  

Net cash (used in) investing activities

   (2,949  (2,648  (2,296   (2,949  (2,666  (3,851  (3,783  (3,171  (2,885

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   (398  768    666     (398  772    (1,278  (312  1,072    975  

Operating Data

 

  As of December 31,   As of December 31, 
  2007   2008   2009   2010   2011   2010   2011   2012   2013   2014 

Lines installed (thousands)(2)(3)

   26,671     26,008     25,907     25,524     23,925     25,524     23,925     25,242     24,264     23,930  

Lines in service (thousands)(2)(3)

   19,980     18,883     17,069     16,620     15,900     16,620     15,900     15,121     14,032     13,713  

Lines in service per 100 inhabitants(2)(3)

   41.2     38.8     35.0     34.0     30.8     34.0     30.8     30.2     27.4     26.7  

Mobile subscribers (thousands)

   13,721     14,365     15,016     16,041     16,563     16,041     16,563     16,502     16,454     17,328  

Broadband Internet subscribers (thousands)

   6,516     6,712     6,953     7,424     7,823     7,424     7,823     8,037     8,067     8,129  

 

 

(1)As a result of adoption of IFRS 10 in 2013, the comparative 2011 and 2012 consolidated financial data were retrospectively restated, but 2010 consolidated financial data was not restated as IFRS 10 does not require restatement of the earlier periods presented beyond the immediately preceding period. Also, the amendment to IAS 19 were applied retrospectively and the comparative 2010, 2011 and 2012 consolidated statement of operations data were restated by reflecting the adjustments resulted from this retrospective application.

(2)For convenience, the Won amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars at the rate of(Won)1,153.31,099.2 to US$1.00, the Market Average Exchange Rate in effect on December 31, 2011.2014. This translation should not be construed as a representation that the Won amounts represent, have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars at that rate or any other rate.

 

(2)(3)Including public telephones.

Exchange Rate Information

The following table sets out information concerning the Market Average Exchange Rate for the periods and dates indicated.indicated:

 

Period

  At End of
Period
   Average
Rate(1)
   High   Low   At End
of Period
   Average
Rate (1)
   High   Low 
  (Won per US$1.00)   (Won per US$1.00) 

2007

   938.2     929.2     950.0     902.2  

2008

   1,257.5     1,102.6     1,509.0     934.5  

2009

   1,167.6     1,276.4     1,573.6     1,152.8     1,167.6     1,276.4     1,573.6     1,152.8  

2010

   1,138.9     1,156.3     1,261.5     1,104.0     1,138.9     1,156.3     1,261.5     1,104.0  

2011

   1,153.3     1,108.1     1,199.5     1,049.5     1,153.3     1,108.1     1,199.5     1,049.5  

2012

   1,071.1     1,126.9     1,181.8     1,071.1  

2013

   1,055.3     1,095.0     1,159.1     1,051.5  

2014

   1,099.2     1,053.2     1,118.3     1,008.9  

November

   1,101.1     1,095.1     1,113.1     1,058.8  

December

   1,153.3     1,147.5     1,169.5     1,126.8     1,099.2     1,104.3     1,118.3     1,088.1  

2012 (through April 26)

   1,139.4     1,132.4     1,164.3     1,114.5  

2015 (through April 29)

   1,070.9     1,097.5     1,133.9     1,070.9  

January

   1,125.0     1,145.9     1,164.3     1,121.6     1,090.8     1,088.9     1,108.7     1,077.3  

February

   1,126.5     1,123.4     1,128.4     1,116.7     1,099.2     1,098.4     1,109.8     1,088.3  

March

   1,137.8     1,125.9     1,138.1     1,114.5     1,105.0     1,112.6     1,133.9     1,096.5  

April (through April 26)

   1,139.4     1,135.5     1,142.3     1,123.4  

April (through April 29)

   1,070.9     1,089.6     1,109.4     1,070.9  

 

Source:Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd.

 

(1)Represents the average of the Market Average Exchange Rates on each business day during the relevant period (or portion thereof).

Our monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated into Won at the Market Average Exchange Rate on the balance sheet dates, which were, for U.S. dollars,

(Won)1,138.91,071.1 to US$1.00,1,055.3 to US$1.00 and(Won)1,153.31,099.2 to US$1.00 at December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, respectively.

Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in Won and, solely for the convenience of the reader, the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 20112014 have been translated into United States dollars at the rate of(Won)1,153.31,099.2 to US$1.00, the Market Average Exchange Rate in effect on December 31, 2011.2014.

We make no representation that the Won or Dollar amounts contained in this annual report could have been or could be converted into Dollar or Won, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.

Item 3.B.Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicableapplicable.

Item 3.C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 3.D.Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the following factors.

Risks Relating to Our Business

Competition in the Korean telecommunications industry is intense.

Competition in the telecommunications sector in Korea is intense. In recent years, business combinations in the telecommunications industry have significantly changed the competitive landscape of the Korean telecommunications industry. In particular, SK Telecom Co., Ltd. (or SK Telecom) acquired a controlling stake in Hanarotelecom Incorporated in 2008, which was renamed SK Broadband Co., Ltd. (or SK Broadband). The acquisition enablesenabled SK Telecom to provide fixed-line telecommunications, broadband Internet access and Internet television (or IP-TV)Protocol Television (“IPTV”) services together with its mobile telecommunications services. OnIn January 1, 2010, LG Dacom Corporation (or LG Dacom) and LG Powercom Co., Ltd. (or LG Powercom) merged into LG Telecom Co., Ltd., which subsequently changed its name to LG U+. The merger enablesenabled LG U+ to provide a similar range of services as SK Telecom and us. Our inability to adapt to such changes in the competitive landscape could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition to our competition with integrated telecommunications service providers, we face increasing competition from specific service providers, such as Internet phone service providers, Internet text message service providers, voice resellers and call-back service providers. In recent years, the increasing popularity of Internet phone and free text message services, such as Skype and Kakao Talk, have had a negative impact on demand for our telecommunications and text message services while creating additional data transmission usage by our Internet and mobile subscribers. Our inability to adapt to such changes in the competitive landscape could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Mobile Service.Service. We provide mobile services based on Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (or W-CDMA) technology and Long-Term Evolution (or LTE) technology. Competitors in the mobile telecommunications service industry are SK Telecom and LG U+. We had a market share of 31.5%

30.3% as of December 31, 2011,2014, making us the second largest mobile telecommunications service provider in Korea. SK Telecom had a market share of 50.6%50.0% as of December 31, 2011.2014.

Mobile subscribers are allowed to switch their service provider while retaining the same mobile phone number. Mobile service providers also grant subsidies to subscribers who purchase new handsets and agree to a minimum subscription period. Mobile number portability and handset subsidies have intensified competition among the mobile service providers and increased their marketing expenses. If the mobile service providers adopt a strategy of expanding market share through price competition, it could lead to a decrease in our net profit margins.

Since 2011, SK Telecom, LG U+ and we have launched fourth-generation mobile telecommunications services based on LTE technology, which we believe has further intensified competition among the three companies and resulted in an increase in marketing expenses and capital expenditures related to implementing and providing 4G LTE services. SK Telecom and LG U+ began providing 4G LTE services in July 2011, and we commenced providing commercial 4G LTE services onin January 3, 2012 utilizing our bandwidths in the 1.8 GHz spectrum that became available upon termination of our 2G services based on Code Division Multiple Access (or CDMA) technology. In September 2013, we commenced providing wideband LTE services, which utilizes our adjoining 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum to provide transmission speed of up to 150 Mbps, twice faster than those offered under standard LTE services. SK Telecom also began providing its wideband LTE services in September 2013 and LG U+ commenced providing its wideband LTE services in January 2014. In March 2014, our wideband LTE services covered five metropolitan cities in Korea, and we expanded our wideband LTE services to all of Korea in July 2014. As of December 31, 2014, the number of our LTE subscribers exceeded 10.5 million. Furthermore, in March 2014, we commercialized advanced wideband LTE (“Wideband LTE-A”) services, which interconnects our 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum used to offer wideband LTE services with the 10 MHz of bandwidth in the 900 MHz spectrum used to offer standard LTE services by utilizing inter-band carrier aggregation technology to support transmission speed of up to 225 Mbps, and began additionally interconnecting 10 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.1 GHz spectrum in January 2015 to support transmission speed of up to 300 Mbps under the “Wideband LTE-A X4” service, which offers transmission speed four times faster than those offered under standard LTE services.

In April 2014, LG U+, SK Telecom and we began offering various unlimited mobile service packages, offering mobile subscribers with unlimited voice calls, text messaging, and LTE data. Although we expect that SK Telecom and LG U+ will face similar challenges to those that we expect to face in offering LTE services and in implementing this fourth-generationimprovements to LTE technology, such as increased fees and expenses and unforeseeable market responses to the new technology, we cannot assure you that we will continue to be able to successfully compete in fourth-generation mobile telecommunications services. Furthermore, we believe that the continuing intense competition among major telecommunications operators in Korea and the resulting pressure on our fees, including from offerings of unlimited usage plans, may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Fixed-line Telephone Services. Before December 1991, we were the sole provider of local, domestic long-distance and international long-distance telephone services in Korea. Since then, various competitors have entered the local, domestic long-distance and international long-distance telephone service markets in Korea, which have eroded our market shares. LG U+ and SK Broadband currently provide local, domestic long-distance and international long-distance telephone services. In addition, Onse Telecom Corporation and SK Telink, Inc. currently provide domestic long-distance and international long-distance telephone services. We also compete with specific service providers, such as Internet phone service providers, voice resellers and call-back service providers, that offer international long-distance service in Korea. While we offer our own Internet phone service, the entry of these and other potential competitors into the local, domestic long-distance and international long-distancelong-

distance telephone service markets has had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability from these businesses. As of December 31, 2011,2014, we had a market share in local telephone service of 84.3%81.0% and a market share in domestic long distance service of 80.5%78.9%. Further increase in competition may decrease our market shares in such businesses. As part of our efforts to improve our operational efficiencies, we transferred all operations relating to fixed-line sales activities (including on-site sales, line activation, after service, and customer center operations) to our subsidiaries in 2014.

Internet Services.The Korean broadband Internet access service market has experienced significant growth in the past decade. SK Broadband (formerly Hanarotelecom) entered the broadband market in 1999 offering both Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (or HFC) and Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (or ADSL) services. We also began offering broadband Internet access service in 1999, followed by Dreamline, Onse and LG U+. In recent years, numerous cable television operators have also begun to offer HFC-based services at rates lower than ours. We had a market share of 43.8%42.3% as of December 31, 2011.2014. As a result of having to compete with a number of competitors and the maturing of the Internet access service market, we currently encounter, and we expect to encounter, pressure to increase marketing expenses in the future.

The market for other Internet-related services in Korea, including IP-TVIPTV and Internet phone services, is also very competitive. We anticipate that competition will continue to intensify as the usage and popularity of the Internet grows and as new domestic and international competitors enter the Internet industry in Korea. The substantial growth of the Internet industry in Korea has attracted many competitors and as a result may lead to increasing price competition to provide Internet-related services. Increased competition in the Internet industry could have a material adverse effect on the number of subscribers of our Internet-related service and on our results of operations.

Failure to renew existing bandwidth spectrum, acquire adequate additional bandwidth spectrum or use our bandwidth efficiently may adversely affect our mobile telecommunications business and results of operations.

One of the principal limitations on a wireless network’s subscriber capacity is the amount of bandwidth spectrum allocated to the service provider. We have a license to use 40 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.1 GHz spectrum that we use to provide IMT-2000 services based on W-CDMA wireless network standards. Such license expires in December 2016, and we are required to pay approximately(Won)1.3 trillion during the license period of 15 years. In April 2010, the Korea Communications

CommissionKCC announced its decision to allocate 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 900 MHz spectrum to us, which became effective in July 2011, for which we willare required to pay a portion of the actual sales generated from using the bandwidth in the 900 MHz spectrum during the license period of 10 years as a usage fee for the bandwidth, as well as a portion of expected sales that was determined by the Korea Communications CommissionKCC at the time of allocation. In June 2011, our right to use 40 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum expired, and the Korea Communications CommissionKCC allocated back to us the right to use 20 MHz of such bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum upon expiration pursuant to our application, for which we willare required to pay a portion of the actual sales generated from using the bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum during the license period of 10 years as a usage fee for the bandwidth, as well as a portion of expected sales that was determined by the Korea Communications CommissionKCC at the time of allocation.

In August 2011, the Korea Communications CommissionKCC auctioned the right to use the remaining 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum that we relinquished, 10 MHz of additional bandwidth in the 800 MHz spectrum and 20 MHz of additional bandwidth in the 2.1 GHz spectrum. We acquired the right to use the 10 MHz of bandwidth in the 800 MHz spectrum, for which we willare required to pay a total usage fee of(Won)261 billion during the license period of 10 years, SK Telecom acquired the right to use the 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum and LG U+ acquired the right to use the 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.1 GHz

spectrum. We began using the 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum, which became available upon termination of our 2G PCS services, to provide our 4G LTE services starting in January 2012, and expect to utilizealso began using the newly allocated bandwidths20 MHz of bandwidth in the 800 MHz and 900 MHz spectrumsspectrum to further expandprovide our 4G LTE services starting in September 2013.

In August 2013, the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning further auctioned 50 MHz of bandwidth in the future, if necessary.1.8 GHz spectrum, which had been used by governmental entities such as the military, and 80 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.6 GHz spectrum, which had been used for digital multimedia broadcasting services. We acquired the right to use 15 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum, for which we are required to pay a total usage fee of approximately900 billion during a license period of eight years. SK Telecom acquired the right to use 35 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum and LG U+ acquired the right to use 40 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.6 GHz spectrum. Acquiring the right to use additional bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum has enabled us to provide Wideband LTE services beginning in September 2013, as 15 MHz of the newly acquired bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum was adjacent to our existing 20 Mhz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum.

The growth of our mobile telecommunications business and the increase in usage of wireless data transmission services have been significant factors in the increased utilization of our bandwidth, since wireless data applications are generally more bandwidth-intensive than voice services. The current trend of increasing data transmission use and the increasing sophistication of multimedia contents are likely to put additional strain on the bandwidth capacity of mobile service providers. In the event we are unable to maintain sufficient bandwidth capacity by renewing existing bandwidth spectrum, receiving additional bandwidth allocation, or cost-effectively implementing technologies that enhance bandwidth usage efficiency, our subscribers may perceive a general decrease in quality of mobile telecommunications services. No assurance can be given that bandwidth constraints will not adversely affect the growth of our mobile telecommunications business.

Introduction of new services, including our 4G LTE services, poses challenges and risks to us.

The telecommunications industry is characterized by continual advances and improvements in telecommunications technology, and we have been continually researching and implementing technology upgrades and additional telecommunication services to maintain our competitiveness. For example, in March 2005, we acquired a license to provide wireless broadband Internet access (or WiBro) service for(Won)126 billion, and commercially launched our service in June 2006. We completed the upgrade of our 4G WiBro network and expanded our WiBro service coverage to 8284 cities nationwide and major highways as ofin March 2011, which we believe allows us to provide WiBro services at speeds that are approximately three times faster than our previous 3G network at a lower cost, and had approximately 740,000753,000 subscribers as of December 31, 2011.2014. The number of our WiBro subscribers decreased in 2014 compared to 2013, as more WiBro subscribers chose to access the internet using our 4G LTE network rather than WiBro following the introduction and proliferation of 4G LTE services during 2013 and 2014. Furthermore, we focused our subscriber retention efforts during 2014 on our mobile subscribers rather than our WiBro subscribers. We are also continually upgrading our broadband network to enable better FTTH connection, which enhances downstreamdata transmission speed and connection quality. FTTH is a telecommunication architecture in which a communication path is provided over optical fiber cables extending from the telecommunications operator’s switching equipment to the boundary of home or office. FTTH uses fiber optic cable, which is able to carry a high-bandwidth signal for longer distances without degradation. FTTH also enables us to deliver enhanced products and services that require high bandwidth,digital media content, such as IP-TV service and delivery of other digital media content.IPTV, with higher stability.

In addition, we have been building more advanced mobile telecommunications networks based on LTE technology, which is generally referred to as a 4G technology, and commenced providing

commercial 4G LTE services in the Seoul metropolitan area onin January 3, 2012. We completed the expansion of our 4G LTE service coverage to 84 cities throughout Koreanationwide in AprilOctober 2012. Several wireless carriers in the United States, Europe and Asia commenced LTE services in recent years and LTE technology is expected to becurrently widely accepted as the standard 4G technology. LTE technology enables data to be transmitted faster than W-CDMA, up to 75300 Mbps for downloading and up to 37.5 Mbps for uploading.downloading. We expectbelieve that the faster data transmission speed of the LTE network combined with our existing 4G nationwide WiBro network, will allowallows us to offer significantly improved wireless data transmission services providing our subscribers with faster wireless access to multimedia content. No assurance can be given that our new services will gain broad market acceptance such that we will be able to derive revenues from such services to justify the license fee, capital expenditures and other investments required to provide such services.

Termination of our second generation Personal Communications Service (or 2G PCS) services may pose risks to us.

As part of our decision to apply for reallocation of the 20 MHz bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum, we applied to the Korea Communications Commission to terminate our 2G PCS services, and on November 23, 2011, the Korea Communications Commission approved our plan. However, on November 30, 2011, approximately 900 of our 2G PCS service subscribers filed a class-action suit against the Korea Communications Commission for its approval of our plan, claiming that we used improper means to reduce our 2G PCS subscribers to comply with regulatory requirements before terminating the 2G PSC services and that the Korea Communications Commission did not consider such factor in approving our plan. On December 6, 2011, the Seoul Administrative Court issued a preliminary injunction, which temporarily suspended our termination of the 2G PCS services until the case went to trial. We immediately appealed the decision and the Seoul High Court overruled the preliminary injunction on December 26, 2011 and reinstated the Korea Communications Commission’s approval. Accordingly, we terminated our 2G PCS services in the Seoul metropolitan area and began the termination process for the rest of Korea on January 3, 2012. On January 12, 2012, the 2G subscribers filed an appeal of the Seoul High Court’s decision with the Supreme Court of Korea, and on February 1, 2012, the Supreme Court of Korea denied such appeal. On January 17, 2012, trial for the original class-action suit filed by the 2G subscribers began in the Seoul Administrative Court. The outcome of the trial, and any effect it may have on us, cannot be determined at this time. There can be no assurance that we will not incur reputational damage from terminating our 2G PCS services, or that further complaints and other potential actions of our 2G PCS subscribers will not adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to successfully pursue our strategy to acquire businesses and enter into joint ventures that complement or diversify our current business, and we may need to incur additional debt to finance such expansion activities.

One key aspect of our overall business strategy calls for acquisitions of businesses and entering into joint ventures that complement or diversify our current business. In October 2011, we, through our subsidiary KT Capital Co., Ltd., acquired 1,622,520 common shares of BC Card Co., Ltd. to further diversify our business and to create synergies through utilization of our mobile telecommunications network in financial services. In December 2011, we entered into a memorandum of understanding for a strategic partnership with, and acquisition ofWe acquired an additional 1,349,920 common shares of Telkom SA Limited,BC Card Co., Ltd. in January 2012 for approximately287 billion, and owned a South African comprehensive telecommunications service provider.69.54% interest in BC Card Co., Ltd. as of December 31, 2014. In January 2011, we acquired 5,600,000 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock with voting rights and convertible bonds that arewere convertible into 5,600,000 shares of common stock of KT Skylife Co., Ltd., a provider of satellite TV service which may also be packaged with our IP-TVIPTV services, from Dutch Savings Holdings

B.V. for approximately(Won)246 billion. We exercised the conversion rights on the redeemable convertible preferred stock and the convertible bonds in March 2011, and owned a 50.3%50.1% interest in KT Skylife Co., Ltd. as of December 31, 2011.2014.

While we plan to continue our search for other suitable acquisition and joint venture opportunities, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to identify additional attractive opportunities or that we will successfully complete the transactions, including the proposed transaction with Telkom SA Limited, without encountering administrative, technical, political, financial or other difficulties, or at all. Even if we were to successfully complete the transactions, success of an acquisition or a joint venture depends largely on our ability to achieve the anticipated synergies, cost savings and growth opportunities from integrating the business of the acquired company or the joint venture with our business. There can be no assurance that we will achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Pursuing acquisitions or joint venture transactions also requires significant capital, and as we pursue further growth opportunities for the future, we may need to raise additional capital through incurring loans or through issuances of bonds or other securities in the international capital markets. The proposed transaction with Telkom SA Limited may also require significant capital resources if the acquisition is eventually successful. However, we cannot guarantee that such capital will be available when needed due to conditions in the capital markets, or that even if such capital is available, it will be available on commercially acceptable terms or in sufficient amounts to make the expenditures required.

Disputes with our labor union may disrupt our business operations.

In the past, we have experienced opposition from our labor union for our strategy of restructuring to improve our efficiency and profitability by disposing of non-core businesses and reducing our employee base. Although we have not experienced any significant labor disputes or unrests in recent years, there can be no assurance that we will not experience labor disputes or unrests in the future, including expanded protests and strikes, which could disrupt our business operations and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We also negotiate collective bargaining agreements every two years with our labor union and annually negotiate a wage agreement. Our current collective bargaining agreement expires on May 23, 2013.

2015. Although we have been able to reach collective bargaining agreements and wage agreements with our labor union in recent years, there can be no assurance that we will not experience labor disputes and unrests resulting from disagreements with the labor union in the future.

The Korean telecommunications and Internet protocol broadcasting industries are subject to extensive Government regulations, and changes in Government policy relating to these industries could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial conditioncondition..

The Government, primarily through the Korea Communications Commission,Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (the “MSIP”) (ICT standing for Information & Communication Technology) and the KCC, has authority to regulate the telecommunications industry. Until March 2013, regulation of the telecommunications industry had mainly been the responsibility of the KCC. With the establishment of the newly created MSIP on March 23, 2013, however, such regulatory responsibility has mostly been transferred to the MSIP. The Korea Communications Commission’sMSIP’s policy is to promote competition in the Korean telecommunications markets through measures designed to prevent the dominant service provider in any such market from exercising its market power in such a way as to prevent the emergence and development of viable competitors.

Under current Government regulations, if a network service provider has the largest market share for a specified type of service and its revenue from that service for the previous year exceeds a specific revenue amount set by the Korea Communications Commission,MSIP, it must obtain prior approval from the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP for the rates and the general terms for that service. Each year the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP designates service providers the rates and the general

terms of which must be approved by the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP. In recent years, the Korea Communications Commission hasMSIP had so designated us for local telephone service and SK Telecom for mobile service, and the Korea Communications Commission,MSIP, in consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, currently approves rates charged by us and SK Telecom for such services.

The Korea Communications CommissionMSIP currently does not regulate our domestic long-distance, international long-distance, broadband internet access and mobile service rates, but the inability to freely set our local telephone service rates may hurt profits from such business and impede our ability to compete effectively against our competitors. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Item 4.B. Business Overview—Regulation—Rates.” The form of our standard agreement for providing local network service and each agreement for interconnection with other service providers are also subject to approval by the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP. In addition, the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP may periodically announce public policy guidelines or suggestions that we take into consideration in setting our tariff for non-regulated services. In June 2011, upon recommendation of the Korea Communications Commission,KCC, SK Telecom announced tariff reduction measures, including a reduction of the monthly fee by(Won)1,000 for every subscriber, an exemption of usage charges for short text message service, or SMS, up to 50 messages per month and the introduction of flexible service plans for smart phonesmartphone users. In August 2011, after discussions with the Korea Communications Commission,KCC, we announced the adoption ofadopted various tariff reduction measures, including a reduction of the monthly fee by(Won)1,000 for every mobile subscriber, (effective October 21, 2011), an exemption of usage charges for SMS, of up to 50 messages per month (effective November 1, 2011) and the introduction of customized fixedflat rate plans for smart phone users (effective October 24, 2011)smartphone users. The MSIP, which took over the KCC’s tariff regulation function in March 2013, is planning to gradually reduce and abolish activation fees by the end of 2015. As a result of discussions with the MSIP, in August 2013, we, LG U+ and SK Telecom reduced activation fees by approximately 40%. We reduced our activation fee from24,000 to14,400, SK Telecom reduced its activation fee from39,600 to23,760 and LG U+ reduced its activation fee from30,000 to18,000. In January 2014, the MSIP announced its plans to further reduce activation fees in the second half of 2014 so that such fees would be reduced to 50% of levels then-existing. In August 2014, we, SK Telecom and LG U+ reduced activation fees for new subscribers by approximately 50%. Our activation fee was reduced from14,400 to7,200, SK Telecom’s activation fee was reduced from23,760 to11,880 and LG U+’s activation fee was reduced from18,000 to9,000. SK Telecom abolished its activation fee completely in November 2014 and we abolished our activation fee completely in March 2015. There can be no assurance that we will not adopt other tariff-reducing measures in the future to comply with the Korea Communications Commission’sGovernment’s public policy guidelines or suggestions.

Based on investigations conducted in December 2012 and January 2013, the KCC imposed a combined fine of approximately12 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us in January 2013 (our fine being approximately2.9 billion), for providing subsidies that were higher than those allowed under current regulations to new mobile phone purchasers and subscribers, and also imposed temporary suspensions from recruiting new subscribers ranging from 20 days to 24 days. In March 2013, the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately5 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately1.6 billion) for continuing to offer subsidies during the suspension period. In July 2013, the KCC imposed a combined fine of approximately67 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately20 billion) and also imposed a seven day suspension on us from recruiting new subscribers, also in connection with providing excessive handset subsidies to new subscribers. In December 2013, the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately106 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately30 billion), which is the largest fine ever imposed by the KCC on local mobile operators for providing excessive subsidies to new subscribers. In March 2014, the MSIP imposed a 45-day suspension on each of us, SK Telecom and LG U+ from recruiting new subscribers as a result of continuing to offer excessive handset subsidies to new subscribers, despite the order from the KCC prohibiting such subsidies. Additionally, the MSIP announced that it plans to bring criminal charges with fines of up to150 million and imprisonment of less than three years against any carrier and responsible personnel that fails to adhere to the suspension or continues to offer illegal subsidies after the suspension is completed. In August 2014, the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately58 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately11 billion) for providing excessive handset subsidies, and also imposed temporary suspensions on recruiting new subscribers for seven days on SK Telecom and LG U+. In December 2014, the KCC further imposed a fine of approximately8 billion on each of SK Telecom, LG U+ and us for providing excessive handset subsidies and in March 2015 the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately34 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately9 billion) for violation of regulations relating to handset sales, in connection with a used handset buyback program that we and the other telecommunications operators were promoting.

President Park Geun-hye, who took office on February 25, 2013 as the 18th President of Korea, announced that the new Government will work toward reducing telecommunications service charges and promoting transparency in the decision making of telecommunications service providers. Accordingly, the new Government has set detailed policy objectives to (1) gradually reduce and abolish activation fees by 2015, (2) expand mobile virtual network operator and mobile voice over Internet protocol (“m-VoIP”) service, (3) intensify regulations on handset subsidies and (4) construct a data-based tariff system. If the new Government goes forward with its new telecommunications policy, it will increase competition among wireless service providers and our business and our profitability may be adversely affected.

On October 1, 2014, the Act on Improvement of Mobile Telecommunication Device Distribution System (the “Mobile Device Act”), which seeks to lower the cost of communication and reduce handset factory prices by establishing fair and transparent order in the distribution of mobile telecommunication devices, went into effect. The Mobile Device Act regulates, inter alia, the sale and subsidies of mobile devices such as smartphones, with one of its purposes being to induce telecommunication operators to compete in lowering the costs of communications and encourage the manufacturers to reduce handset factory prices, while improving service quality. Under the Mobile Device Act, consumers may not be discriminated in terms of subsidies based on their age, place of residence or monthly subscription plan when using their existing mobile phones, buying a new phone or switching their mobile carriers. Furthermore, everyone, regardless of their status, is entitled to receive either a handset subsidy for the purchase of mobile phone models that were launched within the last 15 months, or a tariff discount (with the current discount rate set at 20%, effective as of April 24, 2015). The maximum amount of handset subsidy that telecommunications operators and handset manufacturers may offer is determined by Korean telecommunication regulators (such limit to be determined between250,000 and350,000, and may be adjusted every six months, with the current limit set at330,000, effective

as of April 8, 2015). Telecommunications operators are also required to publicly announce the amount of handset subsidy that they offer, which may not be readjusted within one week after such announcement. In addition, telecommunications operators are prohibited from using misleading or exaggerated advertisements, such as advertisements that mobile phones are free without adequately explaining that it is preconditioned on signing up for high-priced monthly subscription plans.

The Government also sets the policies regarding the use of radio frequencies and allocates the spectrum of radio frequencies used for wireless telecommunications. For a discussion of the Government’s recent policies and practices on bandwidth spectrum allocation, see “Item 3. Key information—Item 3.D. Risk Factors—“Failure to renew existing bandwidth spectrum, acquire adequate additional bandwidth spectrum or use our bandwidth efficiently may adversely affect our mobile telecommunications business and results of operations.” The new allocations of bandwidth could increase competition among wireless service providers, which may have an adverse effect on our business.

We also plan to put more focus on the Internet protocol (or IP) media market, and we began offering IP-TV service onIPTV services in November 17, 2008. IP-TVIPTV is a service which combines video-on-demand services with real-time high definition broadcasting via broadband networks. The Korea Communications Commission hasMSIP and the KCC have the authority to regulate the IP media market, including IP-TVIPTV services. Under the Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Act, anyone intending to engage in the IP media broadcastingIPTV services business must first obtain a license from the Korea Communications Commission, andMSIP. Moreover, anyone intending to engage inprovide contents focused on news or contents that generally combine news, culture entertainment, and any other similar contents with IPTV providers, must obtain approval from the broadcastingKCC. Furthermore, anyone intending to provide contents relating to the introduction of certain contentsconsumer products and other similar marketing content with IPTV providers must obtain additional approval offrom the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP. In addition, KT Skylife Co. (formerly Korea Digital Satellite Broadcasting Co., Ltd.), which became our consolidated subsidiary starting in January 2011, offers satellite TV services, which may also be packaged with our IP-TVIPTV services. KT Skylife is also subject to regulation by the regulation ofMSIP and the Korea Communications CommissionKCC pursuant to the Korea Broadcasting Act. In March 2015, amendments to the Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Act were passed at a plenary session of the National Assembly, which will become effective three months after it is promulgated, unless the President of Korea vetoes the amendments. Under such amendments, which will be in effect until June 2018, a single broadcasting operator may not have more than one-third of the market share of all paid broadcasting subscribers in Korea. As these amendments and the regulations thereunder have not yet become effective, their effects are currently uncertain.

Government policies and regulations relating to the above as well as other regulations involving the Korean telecommunications and IP broadcasting industries (including as a result of the implementation of free trade agreements between Korea and other countries, including the United States and the European Union) may change, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Item 4.B. Business Overview—Regulation.”

We are subject to various regulations under the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act.

The Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act provides for various regulations and restrictions on large business groups enforced by the Korea Fair Trade Commission. The Korea Fair Trade Commission initially designated us as a large business group under the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act on April 1, 2002. Our business relationships and transactions with our subsidiaries, affiliates and other companies within the KT Groupgroup are subject to ongoing scrutiny by the Fair Trade Commission as to, among other things, whether such relationships and transactions constitute undue financial support among companies of the same business group. We are also subject to the fair trade regulations limiting cross-guarantee of debt and cross-shareholdings amongguarantees for other domestic member companies of the same group and cross-shareholdings among domestic member companies of the same group. Additionally, we are subject to

a prohibition, in effect since July 25, 2014, against circular shareholding among any three or more entities within our business group. Any future determination by the Korea Fair Trade Commission that we have engaged in transactions that violate the fair trade laws and regulations may result in fines or other punitive measures and may have a material adverse effect on our reputation and our business.

The reported investigations of and any adverse publicity associated with Mr. Suk-Chae Lee, our former Chief Executive Officer, and our other former executive officers or directors could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and stock price.

On November 12, 2013, Mr. Suk-Chae Lee resigned from his position as the president and chief executive officer of KT Corporation following the investigation by prosecutors for alleged embezzlement and breach of fiduciary duty. A warrant for Mr. Lee’s arrest and detainment was submitted for approval to the Seoul Central District Court in January 2014, but was denied due to lack of ascertainable evidence for his arrest. In April 2014, the Seoul Central District prosecutor’s office charged Mr. Lee with embezzlement and breach of fiduciary duty, and also charged Mr. Il Yung Kim, our former non-independent director and former president of the KT Corporate Center, as a co-conspirator in the breach of fiduciary duty by Mr. Lee, and Mr. Yu-Yeol Seo, our former president of Home Business Group, as a co-conspirator in Mr. Lee’s embezzlement. The trials against these former employees are still ongoing, and we cannot be certain at this time what the outcome will be. However, there can be no assurance that any further developments in the trials will not adversely affect our business or cause our stock price to decline.

The reported investigation of and any adverse publicity associated with one of our subsidiaries could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and stock price.

An employee of KT ENS and several companies, some of which are KT ENS’s subcontractors, allegedly worked together to forge documents, including a forged proof of accounts receivable, to incur borrowings, of which290 billion remains unpaid, from 16 Korean banks since 2008 in over 460 transactions, which were allegedly secured by the forged accounts receivable and endorsed by KT ENS. KT ENS’s management neither had knowledge of nor approved such transactions. On February 11, 2014, police raided the offices of the subcontractors in connection with their investigation of the loans. Upon discovery of the incident, KT ENS immediately suspended the employee in question without pay, pending the results of the investigations for any further disciplinary actions. The employee and several other persons involved in the incident were sentenced to prison terms by the Seoul Central District Court in August 2014. The appeals regarding the sentences are currently ongoing.

In March 2014, KT ENS filed for court receivership with the Seoul Central District Court, based on its inability to pay approximately49 billion in commercial paper that became due after early redemption rights were exercised. The commercial paper had been issued in connection with construction of a solar power plant by a contractor of the project and guaranteed by KT ENS. KT ENS faced difficulties in preventing such exercise of redemption rights following the above incident, and we declined to provide additional financial support to KT ENS to repay the redeemed commercial paper. In August 2014, the Seoul Central District Court approved KT ENS’s restructuring plan, and determined that KT ENS is only responsible for 15% of the borrowings which remain unpaid, or approximately46 billion. Pursuant to the plan, KT ENS is expected to repay all of its currently outstanding obligations. The banks have appealed the decision of the Seoul Central District Court, and the trial over the appeal is currently ongoing. While KT ENS’s restructuring is unlikely to have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition on a consolidated basis, as KT ENS was not a consolidated subsidiary for 2014 due to its filing for court receivership, and our interest in KT ENS was classified as available-for-sale securities, any future legal proceedings against KT ENS and/or us may lead to significant losses. Such losses, as well as any adverse publicity associated with the incident, could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and stock price.

The data breach incidents involving us in recent years have resulted in government investigations and private litigation, and if our efforts to protect the personal information of our subscribers are unsuccessful, future issues may result in further government enforcement actions and private litigation and may significantly impact our results of operation and reputation.

The nature of our business involves the receipt and storage of personal information of our subscribers. The uninterrupted operation of our information systems and confidentiality of the customer information that resides in such systems are critical to our successful operations. As such, we have a program in place to detect and respond to data security incidents. However, even though we may take all steps we believe are necessary to protect personal information, hardware, software or applications we develop or procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to circumvent our security measures to gain access to our systems or facilities through fraud, trickery or other forms of deceiving our employees, contractors and temporary staff. In addition, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventive measures.

For example, in July 2012, the police arrested two individuals in connection with the alleged theft of personal information relating to approximately 8.7 million of our mobile phone subscribers. The individuals in question stole personal information through a series of hackings starting from February 2012 into our New Service and Technology Evolution Program (“N-STEP”), our mobile customer information system. Since the incident, approximately 29,800 of our mobile phone subscribers filed a total of 15 lawsuits against us in connection with the N-STEP hackings, alleging that we failed to protect their personal information, and are seeking total damages of approximately15 billion. From August 2014 to January 2015, various district courts have awarded damages of100,000 per plaintiff for 11 of the cases involving a total of approximately 29,000 of the subscribers, resulting in damages of approximately3 billion to us, while the remaining trials are currently ongoing at various district courts. We have appealed the district courts’ decisions and the appeals are currently ongoing at the Seoul High Court.

Furthermore, in March 2014, the police arrested three individuals in connection with their alleged theft of personal information relating to approximately 9.8 million of our subscribers. The individuals in question stole the personal information of our subscribers through a series of hackings into our main homepage starting from February 2014. Since the incident, approximately 13,450 subscribers filed 18 lawsuits against us in connection with the information theft, seeking total damages of approximately7 billion. The trials are currently ongoing at various district courts. In June 2014, we were fined85 million by the KCC and were ordered to take corrective measures in connection with the most recent hacking incident. We filed an administrative appeal in August 2014 in connection with the KCC fine, and the appeal is currently ongoing at the Seoul Administrative Court.

We are unable to predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of these incidents at this time, including the scope of investigations or the maximum potential exposure. However, if we experience additional significant data security breaches or fail to detect and appropriately respond to significant data security breaches, we could be subject to additional government enforcement actions, regulatory sanctions and litigation in the future. In addition, our mobile phone subscribers could lose confidence in our ability to protect their information, which could cause them to discontinue using our services altogether. Furthermore, adverse final determinations, decisions or resolutions in such matters could encourage other parties to bring related claims and actions against us. Accordingly, the outcome of these incidents may materially and adversely impact our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition.

Concerns that radio frequency emissions may be linked to various health concerns could adversely affect our business and we could be subject to litigation relating to these health concerns.

In the past, allegations that serious health risks may result from the use of wireless telecommunications devices or other transmission equipment have adversely affected share prices of some wireless telecommunications companies in the United States. In May 2011, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (“IARC”) announced that it has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields associated with wireless phone use as possibly carcinogenic to humans, based on an increased risk for glioma, a malignant type of brain cancer. The IARC is part of the World Health Organization that conducts research on the causes of human cancer and the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and aims to develop scientific strategies for cancer control. We cannot assure you that such health concerns will not adversely affect our business. Several class action and personal injury lawsuits have been filed in the United States against several wireless phone manufacturers and carriers, asserting product liability, breach of warranty and other claims relating to radio transmissions to and from wireless phones. Certain of these lawsuits have been dismissed. We could be subject to liability or incur significant costs defending lawsuits brought by our subscribers or other parties who claim to have been harmed by or as a result of our services. In addition, the actual or perceived risk of wireless telecommunications devices could have an adverse effect on us by reducing our number of subscribers or our usage per subscriber.

Depreciation of the value of the Won against the Dollar and other major foreign currencies may have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations and on the prices of our securities.

Substantially all of our revenues are denominated in Won. Depreciation of the Won may materially affect the results of our operations because, among other things, it causes an increase in the amount of Won required by us to make interest and principal payments on our foreign-currency-denominated debt, the costs of telecommunications equipment that we purchase from overseas sources, net settlement payments to foreign carriers and certain payments related to our derivative instruments entered into for foreign exchange risk hedging purposes. Of the(Won)8,91812,815 billion total principal amount of long-term borrowings (less current portion) outstanding as of December 31, 2011,2014,(Won)2,5962,859 billion was denominated in foreign currencies with ana weighted average weighted interest rate of 3.93%3.49%. The interest rates of such long-term debt denominated in foreign currencies ranged from 1.05% (for US$100 million floating rate notes due 2013 with an interest rate of three month London Interbank Offered Rate plus 0.47%)0.59% (Japanese Yen 5 billion bond issued in 2013) to 6.50% (for US$100 million fixed rate notes due 2034 issued under our medium-term note program). Upon identification and evaluation of our currency risk exposures, we, having considered various circumstances, enter into derivative financial instruments to try to manage some of such risks. Although the impact of exchange rate fluctuations has in the past been partially mitigated by such strategies, our results of operations have historically been affected by exchange rate fluctuations and there can be no assurance that such strategies will be sufficient to reduce or eliminate the adverse impact of such fluctuations in the future. See “Item 3. Key Information—Item 3.A. Select Financial Data—

Exchange Rate Information”, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Interest Rate Risk.”

Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Won and the Dollar will also affect the Dollar equivalent of the Won price of the shares of our common stock on the KRX KOSPI Market and, as a result, will likely affect the market price of the ADSs. These fluctuations will also affect the Dollar conversion by the depositary for the ADRs of cash dividends, if any, paid in Won on shares of common stock represented by the ADSs.

Risks Relating to Korea

Korea is our most important market, and our current business and future growth could be materially and adversely affected if economic conditions in Korea deteriorate.

Substantially all of our operations, customers and assets are located in Korea. Accordingly, the performance and successful fulfillment of our operational strategies are necessarily dependent on the overall Korean economy and the resulting impact on the demand for telecommunications services. The economic indicators in Korea in recent years have shown mixed signs of growth and uncertainty, and future growth of the Korean economy is subject to many factors beyond our control.control, including developments in the global economy.

In recent years, adverse conditions and volatility in the worldwide financial markets, fluctuations in oil and commodity prices and the general weakness of the U.S. and global economy have contributed to the uncertainty of global economic prospects in general and have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the Korean economy. From the second half of 2008 to the first half of 2010, theThe value of the Won relative to major foreign currencies in general and the U.S. dollar in particular has also fluctuated widely. While such fluctuations generally stabilized in the second half of 2010 and into 2011, there has been increased volatility in the value of the Won in recent months reflecting the general volatility in the global financial markets. There is no guarantee that they will not occur again in the future.See “Item 3. Key Information—Item 3.A. SelectSelected Financial Data—Exchange Rate Information”Rates.” A depreciation of the Won increases the cost of imported goods and services and the Won revenue needed by Korean companies to service foreign currency-denominatedcurrency denominated debt. An appreciation of the Won, on the other hand, causes export products of Korean companies to be less competitive by raising their prices in terms of the relevant foreign currency and reduces the Won value of such export sales. Furthermore, as a result of adverse global and Korean economic conditions, there has been an overall decline and continuing volatility in the stock prices of Korean companies. The Korea Composite Stock Price Index, (known as the “KOSPI”)or KOSPI, declined from 1,897.1 on December 31, 2007 to 938.8 on October 24, 2008. While the KOSPI havehas recovered since 2008, closing at 2,142.6 on April 29, 2015, there has been increased volatility in the KOSPI in recent months, particularly following the downgrading by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services of the long-term sovereign credit rating of the United States to “AA+” from “AAA” in August 2011 and in light of the financial difficulties affecting many other governments worldwide, in particular Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy and other countries in Europe. There is no guarantee that the stock prices of Korean companies will not decline again in the future. Future declines in the KOSPI and large amounts of sales of Korean securities by foreign investors and subsequent repatriation of the proceeds of such sales may continue to adversely affect the value of the Won, the foreign currency reserves held by financial institutions in Korea, and the ability of Korean companies to raise capital. Any future deterioration of the Korean or global economy could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Developments that could have an adverse impact on Korea’s economy in the future include:

 

difficulties in the financial sectors in Europe and elsewhere and increased sovereign default risks in selectselected countries and the resulting adverse effects on the global financial markets;

 

declines in consumer confidence and a slowdown in consumer spending;

adverse changes or volatility in foreign currency reserve levels, commodity prices (including oil prices), exchange rates (including fluctuation of the DollarU.S. dollar or Japanese Yen exchange rates or revaluation of the Chinese renminbi)Renminbi), interest rates, inflation rates or stock markets;

increasing levels of household debt;

 

continuing adverse conditions in the economies of countries that are important export markets for Korea, such as the United States, Japan and China, or in emerging market economies in Asia or elsewhere;

 

further decreases in the market prices of Korean real estate;

increasing delinquencies and credit defaults by retailconsumer and small- and medium-sized enterprise borrowers;

declines in consumer confidence and a slowdown in consumer spending;

 

the continued emergence of the Chinese economy, to the extent its benefits (such as increased exports to China) are outweighed by its costs (such as competition in export markets or for foreign investment and the relocation of the manufacturing base from Korea to China);

 

the economic impact of any pending or future free trade agreements;

social and labor unrest;

substantial decreases in the market prices of Korean real estate;

 

a decrease in tax revenues and a substantial increase in the Korean government’s expenditures for fiscal stimulus measures, unemployment compensation and other economic and social programs that, together, would lead to an increased Korean government budget deficit;

 

financial problems or lack of progress in the restructuring of Korean conglomerates, other large troubled companies, their suppliers or the financial sector;

 

loss of investor confidence arising from corporate accounting irregularities andor corporate governance issues at certain Korean conglomerates;companies;

the economic impact of any pending or future free trade agreements;

 

geo-political uncertainty and risk of further attacks by terrorist groups around the world;

 

the occurrence of severe health epidemics in Korea andor other parts of the world;world, including the recent Ebola outbreak;

 

deterioration in economic or diplomatic relations between Korea and its trading partners or allies, including deterioration resulting from territorial or trade disputes or disagreements in foreign policy;

 

political uncertainty or increasing strife among or within political parties in Korea;

 

natural disasters that have a significant adverse economic or other impact on Korea or its major trading partners;

hostilities or political or social tensions involving oil producing countries in the Middle East and North Africa, including Iraq, Syria and Yemen, as well as in Ukraine and Russia, and any material disruption in the supply of oil or significant decrease or increase in the price of oil;

the occurrence of severe earthquakes, tsunamis and other natural disasters in Korea and other parts of the world, particularly in trading partners (such as the March 2011 earthquake in Japan, which also resulted in the release of radioactive materials from a nuclear plant that had been damaged by the earthquake); and

 

an increase in the level of tensions or an outbreak of hostilities between North Korea and Korea or the United States.

Escalations in tensions with North Korea could have an adverse effect on us.

Relations between Korea and North Korea have been tense throughout Korea’s modern history. The level of tension between the two Koreas has fluctuated and may increase abruptly as a result of current and future events. In particular, since the death of Kim Jong-il in December 2011, there has been increased uncertainty with respect to the future of North Korea’s political leadership and concern regarding its implications for political and economic stability in the region. Although Kim Jong-il designated hisJong-il’s third

son, Kim Jong-eun, has assumed power as his father’s designated successor, prior to his death, the eventuallong-term outcome of such leadership transition remains uncertain. Only limited information is available about Kim Jong-eun, who is reported to be in his late twenties, and it remains unclear which individuals or factions, if any, will share political power with Kim Jong-eun or assume the leadership if the transition is not successful.

In addition, there have been heightened security concerns in recent years stemming from North Korea’s nuclear weapon and long-range missile programs as well as its hostile military actions against Korea. Some of the significant incidents in recent years include the following:

In April 2013, North Korea blocked access to the inter-Korean industrial complex in its border city of Gaeseong to South Koreans, while the U.S. deployed nuclear-capable stealth bombers and destroyers to Korean air and sea space;

In March 2013, North Korea stated that it had entered “a state of war” with Korea, declaring the 1953 armistice invalid, and put its artillery at the highest level of combat readiness to protest the Korea-United States allies’ military drills and additional sanctions imposed on North Korea for its missile and nuclear tests;

North Korea renounced its obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in January 2003 followed by aand conducted three rounds of nuclear test intests between October 2006 to February 2013, which increased tensions in the region and elicited strong objections worldwide. In May 2009, North Korea announced that it had successfully conducted a second nuclear test and test-fired three short-range surface-to-air missiles. In response, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed a resolutionresolutions that condemned North Korea for the nuclear testtests and decided to expand and tightenexpanded sanctions against North Korea. Korea, most recently in March 2013;

In December 2012, North Korea launched a satellite into orbit using a long-range rocket, despite concerns in the international community that such a launch would be in violation of the agreement with the United States as well as United Nations Security Council resolutions that prohibit North Korea from conducting launches that use ballistic missile technology; and

In March 2010, a Korean warshipnaval vessel was destroyed by an underwater explosion, killing many of the crewmen on board. The Government formally accused North Korea of causing the sinking, while North Korea has denied responsibility. InMoreover, in November 2010, North Korea reportedly fired more than one hundred artillery shells that hit Korea’s Yeonpyeong Island near the Northern Limit Line, which acts as the de facto maritime borderboundary between Korea and North Korea on the west coast of Korea, killing twothe Korean soldierspeninsula, causing casualties and two civilians, wounding many others and causing significant property damage. The Government condemned North Korea for the attack and vowed stern retaliation should there be further provocation. On April 13, 2012, North Korea launched a long-range rocket over the Yellow Sea. Korea, Japan and the United States condemned the launch and the United Nations Security Council adopted a chairman’s statement condemning North Korea for the launch.

North Korea’s economy also faces severe challenges. In November 2009, the North Korean government redenominated its currency at a ratio of 100 to 1 as part of a currency reform undertaken in an attempt to control inflation and reduce income gaps. In tandem with the currency redenomination, the North Korean government banned the use or possession of foreign currency by its residents and closed down privately run markets,challenges, which led to severe inflation and food shortages. Such developments may further aggravate social and political tensionspressure within North Korea. There can be no assurance that the level of tension onaffecting the Korean peninsula will not escalate in the future. Any further increase in tensions, which may occur, for example, if North Korea experiences a leadership crisis, high level contacts between Korea and North Korea break down or military hostilities occur, could have a material adverse effect on the Korean economy and on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Relating to the Securities

If an investor surrenders his ADSs to withdraw the underlying shares, he may not be allowed to deposit the shares again to obtain ADSs.

Korean law currently limits foreign ownership of the ADSs and our shares. In addition, under our deposit agreement, the depositary bank cannot accept deposits of shares and deliver ADSs

representing those shares unless (1) we have consented to such deposit or (2) Korean counsel has advised the depositary bank that the consent required under (1) is no longer required under Korean laws and regulations. Under current Korean laws and regulations, the depositary bank is required to obtain our prior consent for the number of shares to be deposited in any given proposed deposit which exceeds the difference between (1) the aggregate number of shares deposited by us or with our consent for the issuance of ADSs (including deposits in connection with the initial and all subsequent offerings of ADSs and stock dividends or other distributions related to these ADSs) and (2) the number of shares on deposit with the depositary bank at the time of such proposed deposit. The depositary bank has informed us that, at a time it considers to be appropriate, the depositary bank plans to start accepting deposits of shares without our consent and to deliver ADSs representing those shares up to the amount allowed under current Korean laws and regulations. Until such time, however, the depositary bank will continue to obtain our consent for such deposits of shares and delivery of ADSs, which we may not provide. Consequently, if an investor surrenders his ADSs to withdraw the underlying shares, he may not be allowed to deposit the shares again to obtain ADSs. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Item 10.D. Exchange Controls.”

A foreign investor may not be able to exercise voting rights with respect to common shares exceeding the number of common shares held by our largest domestic shareholder.

Under the Telecommunications Business Act, a foreign shareholder who holds 5.0% or more of our total shares is prohibited from becoming our largest shareholder. However, any foreign shareholder who held 5.0% or more of our total shares and was our largest shareholder on or prior to May 9, 2004 is exempt from the regulations, provided that such foreign shareholder may not acquire any more of our shares. Under the Telecommunications Business Act, the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP may, if it deems it necessary to preserve substantial public interests, prohibit a foreign shareholder from being our largest shareholder. In addition, the Foreign Investment Promotion Act prohibits any foreign shareholder from being our largest shareholder if such shareholder owns 5.0% or more of our shares with voting rights. In the event that any foreigner or foreign government acquires our shares in violation of the above provisions, such foreign shareholder may not be able to exercise voting rights with respect to common shares exceeding such threshold. The Korea Communications CommissionMSIP may also order us or the foreign shareholder to take corrective measures in respect of the excess shares within a specified period of six months or less. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Item 10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association.”

Holders of ADSs will not be able to exercise dissenter’sappraisal rights unless they have withdrawn the underlying common stock and become our direct shareholders.

In some limited circumstances, including the transfer of the whole or any significant part of our business and our merger or consolidation with another company, dissenting shareholders have the right to require us to purchase their shares under Korean law. A holder of ADSs will not be able to exercise dissenter’sappraisal rights unless he has withdrawn the underlying common stock and become our direct shareholder. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Item 10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association.”

An investor may not be able to exercise preemptive rights for additional shares and may suffer dilution of his equity interest in us.

The Commercial Code of Korea and our articles of incorporation require us, with some exceptions, to offer shareholders the right to subscribe for new shares in proportion to their existing ownership percentage whenever new shares are issued. If we offer any rights to subscribe for additional shares of our common stock or any rights of any other nature, the depositary bank, after consultation with us, may make the rights available to an ADS holder or use reasonable efforts to dispose of the rights on behalf of the ADS holder and make the net proceeds available to the ADS

holder. The depositary bank, however, is not required to make available to an ADS holder any rights to purchase any additional shares unless it deems that doing so is lawful and feasible and:

 

a registration statement filed by us under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is in effect with respect to those shares; or

 

the offering and sale of those shares is exempt from or is not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

We are under no obligation to file any registration statement. If a registration statement is required for an ADS holder to exercise preemptive rights but is not filed by us, the ADS holder will not be able to exercise his preemptive rights for additional shares. As a result, the ADS holder may suffer dilution of his equity interest in us.

Forward-looking statements may prove to be inaccurate.

This annual report contains “forward-looking statements” that are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our company and our industry. The forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Generally, these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “project,” “should,” and similar expressions. Those statements include, among other things, the discussions of our business strategy and expectations concerning our market position, future operations, margins, profitability, liquidity and capital resources. We caution you that reliance on any forward-looking statement involves risks and uncertainties, and that although we believe that the assumptions on which our forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, any of those assumptions could prove to be inaccurate, and, as a result, the forward-looking statements based on those assumptions could be incorrect. The uncertainties in this regard include, but are not limited to, those identified in the risk factors discussed above. In light of these and other uncertainties, you should not conclude that we will necessarily achieve any plans and objectives or projected financial results referred to in any of the forward-looking statements. We do not undertake to release the results of any revisions of these forward-looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances.

Item 4.  Information on the Company

Item 4.A.  History and Development of the Company

In 1981, the Government established us under the Korea Telecom Act to operate the telecommunications services business that it previously directly operated. Under the Korea Telecom Act and the Government-Invested Enterprises Management Basic Act, the Government exercised substantial control over our business and affairs. Effective October 1, 1997, the Korea Telecom Act was repealed and the Government-Invested Enterprises Management Basic Act became inapplicable

to us. As a result, we became a corporation under the Commercial Code, and our corporate organization and shareholders’ rights were governed by the Privatization Law and the Commercial Code. Among other things, we began to exercise greater autonomy in setting our annual budget and making investments in the telecommunications industry, and our shareholders began electing our directors, who used to behad previously been appointed by the Government under the Korea Telecom Act.

Prior to 1993, the Government owned all of the issued shares of our common stock. From 1993 through May 2002, the Government disposed of all of its equity interest in us, and the Privatization Law ceased to apply to us in August 2002. We amended our legal name from Korea Telecom Corp. to KT Corporation in March 2002.

Before December 1991, we were the sole provider of local, domestic long-distance and international long-distance telephone services in Korea. The Government began to introduce competition in the telecommunications services market in the early 1990’s. As a result, including ourselves, there are currently three local telephone service providers, five domestic long-distance carriers and numerous international long-distance carriers (including voice resellers) in Korea. In addition, the Government awarded licenses to several service providers to promote competition in other telecommunications business areas such as mobile telephone services and data network services. OnIn June 1, 2009, KTF, a subsidiary providing mobile telephone services, merged into KT Corporation, with KT Corporation surviving the merger, with the objective of maximizing management efficiencies of our fixed-line and mobile telecommunications operations as well as more effectively responding to the convergence trends in the telecommunications industry. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Competition.”

Our legal and commercial name is KT Corporation. Our principal executive offices are located at 206 Jungja-dong, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do,KT Gwanghwamun Building East, 33, Jong-ro 3-gil, Jongno-gu, 110-130, Seoul, Korea and our telephone number is (8231)  727-0114.

Item 4.B.Business Overview

We are the leading telecommunications service provider in Korea and one of the largest and most advanced in Asia. As an integrated telecommunications service provider, our principal services include:

 

mobile voice and data telecommunications services;services based on 3G W-CDMA technology and 4G LTE technology;

 

telephonefixed-line services, including local, domestic long-distance and international long-distance fixed-line and VoIP telephone services and interconnection services to other telecommunications companies;which include:

 

Ø

telephone services, including local, domestic long-distance and international long-distance fixed-line and VoIP telephone services and interconnection services to other telecommunications companies;

Ø

broadband Internet access service and other Internet-related services, including IPTV services; and

Ø

data communication service, including leased line service and dedicated broadband internet connection service to institutional customers;

credit card processing and other Internet-relatedfinancial services including IP-TV services;through KT Capital Co., Ltd. and BC Card Co., Ltd.; and

 

various other services, including leased linesatellite service and other data communicationinformation technology, real estate business, satellite TV service, satellite service, credit cardmedia contents business and information technology and network services such as cloud computing services.

We also offered automobile rental services through KT Rental Co., Ltd. An agreement to sell KT Rental to the Lotte Group for approximately1.02 trillion (with estimated proceeds to KT Corporation being approximately772 billion) was entered into in March 2015, and the sale is expected to be completed in May 2015.

Leveraging on our dominant position in the fixed-line telephone services market and our established customer base in Korea, we have successfully pursued new growth opportunities during the past decade and obtained strong market positions in each of our principal lines of business. In particular:

 

in the mobile services market in Korea, we achieved a market share of 31.5%30.3% with approximately 16.517.3 million subscribers as of December 31, 2011;2014;

in the fixed-line telephone services market in Korea, we continue to be the dominant provider with approximately 24.023.9 million installed lines, of which 15.813.7 million lines were in service as of December 31, 2011.2014. As of such date, our market share of the local market was 84.3%81.0% and our market share of the domestic long-distance market was 80.5%78.9%;

 

we are Korea’s largest broadband Internet access provider with 7.88.1 million subscribers as of December 31, 2011,2014, representing a market share of 43.8%42.3%; and

 

we are also the leading provider of data communication services in Korea.

For the year ended December 31, 2011,2014, our operating revenues were(Won)21,99023,727 billion, our profitloss for the period was(Won)1,452941 billion and our basic earningsloss per share was(Won)5,946.4,215. As of December 31, 2011,2014, our total assets were33,799 billion, total liabilities were22,012 billion and total equity was(Won)12,53811,788 billion.

Business Strategy

We believe the telecommunications market in Korea will continue to expandis nearing saturation, despite certain areas of growth remaining due to Korea’s growing economy, consumers’ willingness to adopt new technologies, relatively high income and a relatively large middle class. To maintain our competitiveness, we believe we need to pursue growth in other areas, while maintaining our strength in existing businesses. In order to enhance the management efficiencies of our mobile and fixed-line telecommunications operations as well as more effectively respond to the convergence trends in the telecommunications industry, KTF merged into KT Corporation onin June 1, 2009, with KT Corporation surviving the merger. We alsoIn 2014, we restructured our organization into three sub-groups,five business groups, the HomeMarketing Group, the Customer Group, the Personal CustomerEnterprise Operations Group, the Global Business Group and the Global & Enterprise CustomerFuture Convergence Business Group, so that we may achieve higher synergies, more effectively address differing needs of our customer segments.segments, as well as strengthen our competitiveness and discover new growth opportunities. As part of our efforts to improve our operational efficiencies, we transferred all operations relating to fixed-line sales activities (including on-site sales, line activation, after service, and customer center operations) to our subsidiaries in 2014.

We also established subsidiaries to oversee our satellite and real estate operations, and expanded the number of specialized employees for each business, to further strengthen such operations and to pursue strategic alliances with other global corporates. In May 2014, we announced our “GiGAtopia” corporate vision, which seeks to converge ultra-fast broadband services to our smartphone services, and launched our olleh GiGA Internet service, which provides transmission speed of up to 1 Gbps, in October 2014 (“olleh GiGA Internet Service”). We also seek to provide other services that converge information & communication technology with other fields such as energy, security, media, healthcare and transportation, utilizing our fixed-line and wireless infrastructure based on our olleh GiGA Internet Services and LTE mobile services. By promoting our convergence services, we aim to contribute in changing the current subsidy-based Korean telecommunication market competition to one based on innovative technology, products and enhanced services. Consistent with our strategic objectives,overall goals, we aim to pursue growth through the following four core areas:strategy for our business groups:

 

  

Home CustomerMarketing Group. WeThrough our Marketing Group, we aim to offer a one-stop-shop that satisfies various information technologyexpand our telecommunication and convergence operations by (i) improving our fixed-line and wireless telecommunication market shares and average revenue per user, (ii) developing business strategies and plans specifically related to telecommunications needs of a household. In 2010, we launched a new brand “olleh” to promoteand convergence, (iii) strengthening our bundledcompetitiveness over products, which include broadband Internet access service, IP-TV service, Internet phonecustomer service and fixed-line telephone service. We aim to differentiate ourselves from our competitors by providing broadband Internet access service using high-speed fiber-to-the-home (or FTTH) connectionother related services and offering Internet phone service with value-added features such as video communication, short message service(iv) developing and phone banking.executing efficient marketing strategies. We also began offering real-time broadcasting servicefocus on our IP-TV service starting in November 2008.

 

Personal Customer Group. Our Personal Customer Group focuses on expanding our wireless data communication business to meet the rising demand for broadband Internet access using advanced wireless data communications devices such as smart phones.smartphones. We are working closely with handset manufacturers to expand our offerings of smart phonessmartphones and handsets designed to promote convergence of fixed-line and mobile telecommunications services, as well as promote development of various applications for such devices. In line with this strategy, we began offering Apple’s iPhone for the first time in Korea on November 28, 2009 and have expanded our offerings of smart phones from other mobile handset manufacturers. We believe that our WiBro network, which enables two-way wireless broadband Internet access to portable computers, mobile phones and other portable devices, as well as our extensive wireless LAN networks installed nationwide, enable our subscribers to maximize effective usage of their smart phones. We plan to take advantage of our industry-leading network infrastructure to attract more customers as this market further develops. In addition, we aim to further enhance our position in the mobile telecommunications market by leveraging on our strong brand, nationwide marketing network, competitive data usage rates, call centers dedicated to

smart phone users, creative marketing strategies that address our potential customers’ needs and ability to bundle various mobile and fixed-line services. We also plan to further expand our contents and applications for smart phone users and mobile data users by cooperating with application developers in Korea and abroad, in order to further solidify our position as a leader in the convergence market.

In line with this strategy, we began offering Apple’s iPhone for the first time in Korea in November 2009 and have expanded our offerings of smartphones from other mobile handset manufacturers. We believe that our WiBro network, which enables two-way wireless broadband Internet access to portable computers, mobile phones and other portable devices, as well as our extensive wireless LAN networks installed nationwide, enable our subscribers to maximize effective usage of their smartphones. We plan to take advantage of our industry-leading network infrastructure to attract more customers as this market further develops. In addition, we aim to further enhance our position in the mobile telecommunications market by leveraging on our strong brand, nationwide marketing network, competitive data usage rates, call centers dedicated to smartphone users, creative marketing strategies that address our potential customers’ needs and ability to bundle various mobile and fixed-line services. We also plan to further expand our contents and applications for smartphone users and mobile data users by cooperating with application developers in Korea and abroad, in order to further solidify our position as a leader in the convergence market.

In 2010, we launched a new brand “olleh” to promote our bundled products, which include broadband Internet access service, IPTV service, Internet phone service and fixed-line telephone service. We aim to differentiate ourselves from our competitors by providing broadband Internet access service using high-speed fiber-to-the-home (or FTTH) connection and offering Internet phone service with value-added features such as video communication, short message service and phone banking. We also began offering real-time broadcasting service on our IPTV service starting in November 2008.

Global & Enterprise Customer Group. We aim to provide our corporate customers, small- and medium-sized enterprises and government agencies with one-stop solution services including designing data communications and information technology infrastructure to overseeing their day-to-day operations with the objective of achieving operational efficiencies and cost savings. We provide solutions specifically tailored for individual clients, as well as Internet-based computing services, whereby shared resources, software and information are delivered from our data centers and servers. For example, we designed an urban transit infrastructure maintenance system for the Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, in which workers are able to utilize their smart phones to report back their maintenance results to the headquarters remotely from the maintenance site. Leveraging our extensive customer base, we plan to further expand the range of innovative solutions for our enterprise customers.

Convergence.We believe that convergence of fixed-line and mobile communications technologies provides a competitive advantage to us because we have the technological know-how and experience to design and construct a unified delivery platform for a new generation of value-added services. We plan to make such platform more readily available to others so that they may create additional contents and convenience solutions such as electronic commerce and digital transaction applications that can be utilized anywhere using various media and communications devices.

Customer Group. Through our Customer Group, we aim to improve our marketing and customer service efforts for all of our products and services by (i) planning and executing strategy for each product that we offer and our marketing efforts, (ii) contributing to expanding our market share by strengthening our marketing and customer service efforts, and (iii) maximizing customer satisfaction by providing high quality customer service.

Enterprise Operations Group. Through our Enterprise Operations Group, we aim to provide our corporate, small- and medium-sized enterprise and government agency customers with one-stop solution services, including designing data communications and information technology infrastructure and overseeing their day-to-day operations with the objective of achieving operational efficiencies and cost savings, as well as establishing and executing business plans for our global operations. Furthermore, in conjunction with our Future Convergence Business Group, we seek to expand our operations in the fields of smart energy, unified security systems and oversized data management.

Global Business Group. Through our Global Business Group, we are expanding our global operations by designing, developing and optimizing mobile virtual network operation, cloud computing, internet data centers and other global network services, in conjunction with overseas network operators and other global telecommunications companies. To this end, we have established or acquired overseas branches or subsidiaries in target countries to design and construct telecommunication networks and develop information & communication technology convergence products, as well as seeking further overseas opportunities working with quality Korean small- and medium-sized enterprises.

Future Convergence Business Group. Due to the saturation within the Korean telecommunication market and limitations on growth in the traditional telecommunications services market, through our Future Convergence Strategy Group, we aim to concentrate our existing business capabilities in achieving new synergies by converging information & communication technology with other fields, such as smart energy, unified security systems, next-generation media, healthcare and intelligent traffic control. In the field of smart energy, through the KT Micro-Energy Grid system, our convergence energy optimization project, we seek to contribute in preventing energy crisis and to increase energy efficiency. In the field of unified security systems, we seek to contribute to the establishment of national response systems for natural and other disasters, as well as enhancing personal and corporate security. In the field of next-generation media, we seek to contribute to the development of next-generation media contents and new media technology, thereby supporting the expansion of Korean media contents to overseas markets. We are also seeking ways to develop personalized treatment systems to provide enhanced healthcare, as well as creating intelligent traffic control systems to reduce traffic.

The Telecommunications Industry in Korea

The Korean telecommunications industry is one of the most developed in Asia. According to the Korea Communications Commission,MSIP, the number of mobile subscribers in Korea was 52.557.2 million and the number of broadband Internet access subscribers in Korea was 17.919.2 million as of December 31, 2011.2014. As of December 31, 2011,2014, the mobile penetration rate, which is calculated by dividing the number of mobile subscribers (including multiple counting of those who subscribe to more than one mobile service) by the population of Korea, was 107.2%111.2%, and the broadband Internet penetration rate, which is calculated by dividing the number of broadband Internet access service subscribers (including multiple counting of those who subscribe to more than one broadband Internet access service) by the number of households in Korea, was 102.8%92.6%.

Mobile Telecommunications Service Market

The Korean cellular market was formally established in 1984 when SK Telecom, formerly Korea Mobile Telecom, became the first mobile telephone operator in Korea. SK Telecom remained the only cellular operator in Korea until Shinsegi Telecom began service in 1994. In order to encourage further market growth and competition, the Ministry of Information and CommunicationGovernment awarded three PCS2G licenses in June 1996. KTF was awarded a license alongside LG U+ and Hansol M.com, and commercial PCS2G service was launched in October 1997.

Since the introduction of three new operators in 1997, the Korean mobile market has undergone consolidation and significant growth. Following SK Telecom’s purchase of a controlling stake in Shinsegi, we acquired a 47.9% interest in Hansol M.com in 2000 and renamed the company KT M.com. KT M.com merged into KTF in May 2001 and Shinsegi merged into SK Telecom in

January 2002. OnIn June 1, 2009, KTF merged into KT Corporation, with KT Corporation surviving the merger. KT

Corporation and SK Telecom offer third-generation, high-capacity HSDPA-based IMT-2000 wireless Internet and video multimedia communications services that use significantly greater bandwidth capacity. In July 2011, SK Telecom and LG U+ began offering fourth-generation communications services based on LTE technology, which enables data transmission at a speed faster than W-CDMA or WiBro networks, and we began our 4G LTE services in January 2012. Additionally, in September 2013, we commenced providing wideband LTE services, which utilizes our adjoining 20 MHz of bandwidths in the 1.8 GHz spectrum to provide transmission speed of up to 150 Mbps, twice faster than those offered under standard LTE services. SK Telecom also began providing its wideband LTE services in September 2013 and LG U+ commenced providing its wideband LTE services in January 2014. We expanded our wideband LTE services to all of Korea in July 2014. As of December 31, 2014, the number of our LTE subscribers exceeded 10.5 million. Furthermore, in March 2014, we commercialized Wideband LTE-A services, which interconnects our 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum used to offer wideband LTE services with the 10 MHz of bandwidth in the 900 MHz spectrum used to offer standard LTE services by utilizing inter-band carrier aggregation technology to support transmission speed of up to 225 Mbps, and began additionally interconnecting 10 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.1 GHz spectrum in January 2015 to support transmission speed of up to 300 Mbps under the “Wideband LTE-A X4” service.

In April 2014, LG U+, SK Telecom and we began offering various unlimited mobile service packages, offering mobile subscribers with unlimited voice calls, text messaging, and LTE data. We believe that the continuing intense competition among major telecommunications operators in Korea and the resulting pressure on our fees, including from offerings of unlimited usage plans, may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

The table below gives the subscription and penetration information of the mobile telecommunications industry for the periods indicated:

 

  As of December 31,   As of December 31, 
  2007 2008 2009 2010 2011   2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 

Total Korean Population(1)

   48,457    48,607    48,747    48,875    48,989     50,516    50,734    50,948    51,141    51,409  

Mobile Subscribers(2)

   43,498    45,607    47,944    50,767    52,507     50,767    52,507    53,624    54,681    57,208  

Mobile Subscriber Growth Rate

   8.2  4.9  5.1  5.9  3.4   5.9  3.4  2.1  2.0  4.6

Mobile Penetration(3)

   89.8  93.8  98.4  103.9  107.2   100.5  103.5  105.3  106.9  111.2

 

 

(1)In thousands, based on population trend estimatesthe number of registered residents as published by the National Statistical OfficeMinistry of Government Administration and Home Affairs of Korea.

 

(2)In thousands, based on information announced by the Korea Communications Commission.KCC.

 

(3)Penetration is determined by dividing mobile subscribers by total Korean population.

Broadband Internet Access Market

With the advancement of broadband technology, the Korean broadband Internet access market has experienced significant growth. The principal technologies used in providing high speed Internet access services are xDSL, HFC and fiber optic LAN. xDSL refers to various types of digital subscriber lines, including ADSL and VDSL. xDSL offers an access solution over existing telephone lines using a specialized modem while HFC service involves the use of two-way cable networks. Fiber optic LAN is a technology that combines fiber optic cables and Unshielded Twisted Pair (or UTP) cables. Fiber optic cables are connected to residential and commercial buildings with UTP cable-based LAN capabilities. While xDSL and HFC are more widely used technologies because of their relative reliability, ease of provisioning and cost effectiveness, fiber optic LAN usage in Korea has been steadily increasing in recent years.

Since the subscribers of two-way cable networks share a limited bandwidth, the downstream speed tends to slow down as the number of subscribers increases, thereby decreasing the quality of

HFC-based service. While xDSL technology was commercially introduced after HFC technology, it has surpassed HFC to become the prevalent broadband access platform in Korea. VDSL, ADSL-based technology with enhanced downstream speed, became commercialized in 2002. Some of the service providers have upgraded their broadband network to provide fiber optic LAN-based service to their subscribers, which further enhances data transmission speed up to 100 Mbps1 Gbps as well as improves connection quality, and enables such service providers to offer video-on-demand services with real-time high definition broadcasting.

In recent years, broadband Internet access service providers and mobile telecommunications service providers have focused their attention to provideon providing wireless Internet connection capabilities. They have introduced wireless LAN service with speedsspeed of up to 155 Mbps,1.3 Gbps, which is designed to integrate fixed-line and wireless services by offering high speed wireless Internet access to laptops, PDAs and smart phonessmartphones in hot-spot zones and at home. Some service providers have also developed wireless Internet networks to provide WiBro service, which enables two-way wireless broadband Internet access to portable computers, mobile phones and other portable devices at a speed averaging 36 Mbps.

Our Services

Mobile Service

We provide mobile services based on W-CDMA technology and LTE technology. Prior to the merger of KTF into KT Corporation, we provided such services through KTF, which was formerly a consolidated subsidiary. KTF obtained one of the three licenses to provide nationwide PCS2G service in June 1996 and began offering PCS2G service in October 1997. OnIn June 1, 2009, KTF merged into KT Corporation, with KT Corporation surviving the merger, with the objective of maximizing management efficiencies of our fixed-line and mobile telecommunications operations as well as more effectively responding to the convergence trends in the telecommunications industry. We currently offer HSDPA-based IMT-2000 services, which are third-generation, high-capacity wireless Internet and video multimedia communications services based on W-CDMA wireless network standards that allow an operator to provide to its subscribers significantly more bandwidth capacity.standards. In January 2012, we also began offering 4G LTE services under the brand name “WARP,” following the termination of our 2G PCS services. We completed the expansion of our 4G LTE service coverage to 84 cities throughout Koreanationwide in April 2012.October 2012 and commenced providing wideband LTE services in September 2013, and commercialized Wideband LTE-A services in March 2014, and began offering “Wideband LTE-A X4” services in January 2015 as discussed above.

Revenues related to mobile service accounted for 31.0%29.9% of our operating revenues in 2011.In2014. In addition, our goods sold, which are primarily from mobile handset sales, accounted for 19.9%14.7% of our operating revenues in 2011.2014. The following table shows selected information concerning the usage of our network during the periods indicated and the number of our subscribers as of the end of such periods:

 

  As of or for the Year Ended December 31,   As of or for the Year Ended December 31, 
          2010                   2011                   2012                   2013                   2014         

Outgoing Minutes (in millions)

   34,570     36,102     34,520     34,164     36,922  

Average Monthly Outgoing Minutes per Subscriber (1)

   184     184     174     182     196  

Average Monthly Revenue per Subscriber(2)

  (Won)36,801    (Won)34,379    33,519    35,236    37,260  

Number of Subscribers (in thousands)

   16,041     16,563     16,502     16,454     17,328  

 

 

(1)The average monthly outgoing minutes per subscriber is computed by dividing the total minutes of usage for the period by the weighted average number of subscribers for the period and dividing the quotient by the number of months in the period. The weighted average number of subscribers is the sum of the total number of subscribers at the end of each month divided by the number of months in the period.

 

(2)The average monthly revenue per subscriber is computed by dividing initial activation fees, total monthly fees, usage charges, interconnection fees and value-added service fees for the period by the weighted average number of subscribers and dividing the quotient by the number of months in the period.

We compete with SK Telecom, a mobile service provider that has a longer operating history than us, and LG U+ thatwhich began its service at around the same time as KTF. As of December 31, 2011,2014, we had approximately 16.517.3 million subscribers, or a market share of 31.5%30.3%, which was second largest among the three mobile service providers.

We market our mobile services primarily through independent exclusive dealers located throughout Korea. As of December 31, 2011,2014, there were approximately 2,2002,500 shops managed by our independent exclusive dealers. In addition to assisting new subscribers to activate mobile service and purchase handsets, authorized dealers are connected to our database and are able to assist customers with account information. Although most of these dealers sell exclusively our products and services, sub-dealers hired by exclusive dealers may sell products and services offered by other mobile telecommunications service providers. Authorized dealers are entitled to a commission for each new subscriber registered, as well as ongoing commissions for the first five years based primarily on the subscriber’s monthly fee, usage charges and length of subscription. The handsets sold by us to the dealers cannot be returned to us unless they are defective. If a handset is defective, it may be exchanged for a new one within 14 days from the date of purchase. On October 1, 2014, the Mobile Device Act, which regulates the sale and subsidies of mobile telecommunication devices, went into effect. See “Regulation—Rates”.

In response to the diversification of our customers’ demands and their increasing sophistication, we have also selectively engaged in opportunities to expand our internal sales channels in recent years. In 2007, we established a wholly-owned subsidiary, KT M&S Co., Ltd., that operates approximately 140252 customer plazas that engage in mobile service sales activities as well as provide a one-stop shop for a wide range of other services and products that we offer. We also operate a website to promote and advertise our products and services to the general public and in particular to younger customers who are more familiar with the Internet.

We conduct the screening process for new subscribers with great caution. A potential subscriber must meet all minimum credit criteria before receiving mobile service. The procedure includes checking the history of non-payment and credit information from banks and credit agencies such as the National Information and Credit Evaluation Corporation. Applicants who do not meet the minimum criteria can only subscribe to the mobile service by using a pre-paid card.

TelephoneFixed-line Services

We provide a variety of fixed-line communication services, including various telephone services, broadband and other internet services and data communication services.

Fixed-line Telephone Services.

We utilize our extensive nationwide telephone network to provide fixed-line telephone services, which consist of local, domestic long-distance, international long-distance services and land-to-mobile interconnection services. These fixed-line telephone services accounted for 17.3%11.0% of our operating revenues in 2011.2014. Our telephone network includes exchanges, long-distance transmission equipment and fiber optic and copper cables. The following table gives some basic measures of the development of our telephone system:system. In recent years, the proliferation of mobile phones, as well as the availability of increasingly lower wireless pricing plans, some of which include unlimited voice minutes, have led to significant decreases in our domestic long-distance call minutes and local call pulses.

 

  As of or for the Year Ended December 31,   As of or for the Year Ended December 31, 
  2007   2008   2009   2010   2011   2010   2011   2012   2013   2014 

Total Korean population (thousands)(1)

   48,457     48,607     48,747     48,875     48,989     50,516     50,734     50,948     51,141     51,328  

Lines installed (thousands)(2)

   26,671     26,008     25,907     25,524     23,925     25,524     23,925     25,242     24,264     23,930  

Lines in service (thousands)(2)

   19,980     18,883     17,069     16,620     15,900     16,620     15,900     15,121     14,032     13,713  

Lines in service per 100 inhabitants(3)

   41.2     38.8     35.0     34.0     30.8     32.9     31.3     29.7     27.4     26.7  

Fiber optic cable (kilometers)

   267,421     312,232     405,528     448,328     527,188     448,328     527,188     584,932     636,347     673,783  

Number of public telephones installed (thousands)

   185     161     144     123     111     123     111     101     94     88  

Domestic long-distance call minutes (millions)(4) (5)

   13,375     11,591     9,526     7,318     6,574  

Domestic long-distance call minutes (millions)(4)

   7,318     6,574     6,067     4,842     3,512  

Local call pulses (millions)(4)

   14,676     12,449     8,406     7,973     6,697     7,973     6,697     6,071     4,895     3,969  

 

 

(1)Based on population trend estimatesthe number of registered residents as published by the National Statistical OfficeMinistry of Government Administration and Home Affairs of Korea.

 

(2)Including lines used for public telephones but excluding lines dedicated to centralized extension system services for corporate subscribers.

 

(3)Determined based on lines in service and total Korean population.

 

(4)Excluding calls placed from public telephones.

(5)Estimated by KT Corporation.

Our domestic long-distance cable network is entirely made up of fiber optic cable and can carry both voice and data transmissions. Compared to conventional materials such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable provides significantly greater transmission capacity with less signal fading, thus requiring less frequent amplification. All of our lines are connected to exchanges capable of handling digital signal technology. A principal limitation of the older analog technology is that applications other than voice communications, such as the transmission of text and computer data, require either separate networks or conversion equipment. Digital systems permit a range of voice, text and data applications to be transmitted simultaneously on the same network.

The following table shows the number of minutes of international long-distance calls recorded by us and specific service providers utilizing our international long-distance network in each specified category for each year in the five-year period ended December 31, 2011:2014:

 

  Year Ended December 31,   Year Ended December 31, 
  2007   2008   2009   2010   2011   2010   2011   2012   2013   2014 
  (In millions of billed minutes)   (In millions of billed minutes) 

Incoming international long-distance calls

   627.4     603.7     442.2     523.5     541.6     523.5     541.6     520.3     628.4     549.4  

Outgoing international long-distance calls

   431.4     398.1     325.9     325.1     332.1     325.1     332.1     289.7     244.2     212.2  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   1,058.8     1,001.8     768.1     848.7     873.6     848.6     873.7     810.0     872.6     761.6  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Japan (18.5%(26.6%), China (17.4%(20.7%) and the United States (13.4%(9.3%) accounted for the greatest percentage of our international long-distance call traffic measured in minutes in 2011.2014. In recent years, the volume of our incoming calls has exceeded the volume of our outgoing calls. The agreed settlement rate is applied to the call minutes to determine the applicable net settlement payment.

InterconnectionInterconnection.. Under the Telecommunications Business Act, we are required to permit other service providers to interconnect to our fixed-line network. Currently, the principal users of this interconnection capacity include SK Broadband and LG U+ (offering local, domestic long-distance and international long-distance services), Onse and SK Telink (offering international and domestic long-distance services), and SK Telecom and LG U+ (transmitting calls to and from their mobile networks). We expect that interconnection revenues and payments will remain important for our results of operations. In recent years, revenues from a landline user for a call initiated by a landline user to a mobile service subscriber (land-to-mobile interconnection) have become a significant portion of our results of operations, accounting for 3.5% of our operating revenues in 2011. We recognize as land-to-mobile interconnection revenue the entire amount of the usage charge collected from the landline user and recognize as an expense the amount of interconnection charge paid to the mobile service provider.

Internet phone services. The volume of calls made through Internet phone services has significantly increased since Internet phone service was first introduced in Korea in 1998. We provide Internet phone services that enable VoIP phone devices with broadband connection to make domestic and international calls. In order to differentiate our Internet phone services from our competitors’ services, we provide value-added services such as video communication, short message service, phone banking and a variety of traffic and local news information. As of December 31, 2011,2014, we had approximately 3.23.4 million subscribers.

Internet Services

Broadband Internet Access Service.Service. Leveraging on our nationwide network of 527,188673,783 kilometers of fiber optic cable network, we have achieved a leading market position in the broadband Internet access market in Korea. We believe we have a competitive advantage over other broadband Internet access service providers because, unlike our competitors, we can utilize our existing networks nationwide to provide broadband Internet access service. Our broadband Internet access service accounted for 8.5%8.2% of our operating revenues in 2011.2014. Our principal Internet access services include:

 

ADSL, VDSL, Ethernet and FTTH services under the “olleh Internet” and “olleh GiGA Internet” brand name;

 

wireless LAN service (or WiFi) under the “ollehWiFi” brand name, which is designed to integrate fixed-line and wireless services by offering high speed wireless Internet access to laptops, PDAs and smart phonessmartphones in hot-spot zones and olleh Internet service in fixed-line environments. OllehWiFi enables subscribers to access the Internet at a speed of up to 155 Mbps.1.3 Gbps. We sponsored approximately 100,000 hot-spot zones nationwide for wireless connection as of December 31, 2011;2014; and

olleh 4G WiBro Internet access service, which enables two-way wireless broadband Internet access to portable computers, mobile phones and other portable devices at a speed averaging 56 Mbps per user.

We had 7.8approximately 8.1 million fixed-line olleh Internet subscribers and approximately 221 thousand124,000 ollehWiFi service subscribers as of December 31, 2011.We2014.We commercially launched our WiBro service in June 2006, and we had approximately 740,000720,000 subscribers as of December 31, 2011.2014. We launched our olleh GiGA Internet Service, which provides transmission speed of up to 1 Gbps, and had approximately 117,000 subscribers as of December 31, 2014. We also bundle our WiBro service with olleh Internet and ollehWiFi services at a discount in order to attract additional subscribers.

Our olleh Internet service utilizes ADSL technology, which is a technology that converts existing copper twisted-pair telephone lines into access paths for multimedia and high-speed data communications. ADSL transforms the existing public telephone network from one limited to voice, text and low-resolution graphics to a system capable of bringing multimedia to subscriber premises without

new cabling. The asymmetric design optimizes the bandwidth by maximizing the downstream speed for downloading information from the Internet. While ADSL technology was commercially introduced after HFC-based technology, it has surpassed HFC to become the prevalent access platform in Korea. VDSL, ADSL-based technology with enhanced downstream speed, became commercialized in July 2002. We are currentlycontinually upgrading our broadband network to enable better FTTH connection, which further enhances downstreamdata transmission speed of up to 100 Mbps1 Gbps and connection quality. FTTH is a telecommunication architecture in which a communication path is provided over optical fiber cables extending from the telecommunications operator’s switching equipment to the boundary of home or office. FTTH uses fiber optic cable, which is able to carry a high-bandwidth signal for longer distances without degradation. FTTH enables us to deliver enhanced products and services that require high bandwidth, such as IP-TV serviceIPTV, and delivery of other digital media content.content with higher stability.

The high-speed downstream rates can reach up to 8 Mbps for ADSL, and 100 Mbps for VDSL and 1 Gbps for FTTH. Downstream rates depend on a number of factors. For a constant wire gauge, the data rate decreases as the length of the copper wire increases. Generally, if the separation between the telephone office and the subscriber is greater than four kilometers, line attenuation is so severe that broadband speeds can no longer be achieved. Approximately 95% of the households subscribing to our basic local telephone service are located within a four kilometer radius of our telephone offices, making our olleh Internet service available to most of the Korean population. Fiber-optic cable used by FTTH, on the other hand, uses laser light to carry signals that travel long distances inside fiber optic cable without degradation.

Other Internet-related Services.Services.Our other Internet-related services focus primarily on providing infrastructure and solutions for business enterprises, as well as IP-TVIPTV and network portal services. Our other Internet-related services accounted for 3.9%4.9% of our operating revenues in 2011.2014.

We operate seven Internet data centers located throughout Korea and provide a wide range of computing services to companies which need servers, storagesstorage and leased lines. Internet data centers are facilities used to house, protect and maintain network server computers that store and deliver Internet and other network content, such as web pages, applications and data. Our Internet data centers are designed to meet international standards, and are equipped with temperature control systems, regulated and reliable power supplies, fire detection and suppression equipment, security monitoring and wide-bandwidth connections to the Internet. Internet data centers allow corporations or Internet service providers to outsource their application and server hardware management.

Our Internet data centers offer network outsourcing services, server operation services and system support services. Our network outsourcing services include co-location, which is the installation of our customers’ network equipment at our Internet data centers. Co-location is designed to increase

customers’ Internet connection speed and reduce connection time and costs by directly connecting the customers’ server to the Internet backbone switch at our Internet data centers. Our server operation services include optimal server management service and technical support service we provide with respect to the leased servers that are linked directly to our Internet backbone switch. We also lease servers and network equipment for a fixed monthly fee. Our system support services include providing system resources for a wide range of Internet computing services, such as application transfer, network storage, video streaming and application download, as well as sending short text messages and messages containing multimedia objects, such as images, audio and video.

We also offer a service called Bizmeka to develop and commercialize business-to-business solutions targeting small- and medium-sized business enterprises in Korea. Bizmeka is an applied application service provider which provides industry-specificindustry standard and specialized business solutions, including customer database managementintegrated business administration solutions and electronic data interchange.intranet collaboration solutions.

We also offer high definition video-on-demand and real-time broadcasting IP-TVIPTV services under the brand name “olleh TV.TV,and began offering ultra-high-definition (“UDH”) IPTV services, which offer resolutions up to four times those offered under high-definition television services, under the brand name “olleh GiGA UHD TV” starting in September 2014. Our IP-TVIPTV service offers access to an array of digital media contents, including movies, sports, news, educational programs and TV replay, for a fixed monthly fee.fee or on a pay-per-view basis. Through a digital set-top box that we rent to our customers, our customers are able to browse the catalogcatalogue of digital media contents and view selected media streams on their television. A set-top box provides two-way communications on an IP network and decodes video streaming data. We expanded our IP-TV service to include real-time broadcasting in November 2008. We had 3.15.9 million olleh TV subscribers as of December 31, 2011.2014. In March 2015, amendments to the Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Act were passed at a plenary session of the National Assembly, which will become effective three months after it is promulgated unless vetoed by the President of Korea. Under such amendments, which will be in effect until June 2018, a single broadcasting operator may not have more than one-third of the market share of all paid broadcasting subscribers in Korea.

Data CommunicationCommunications Service

Our data communicationcommunications service involves offering exclusive lines that allow point-to-point connection for voice and data traffic between two or more geographically separate points. As of December 31, 2009, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, we leased 366,191246,951 lines, 303,009235,147 lines and 276,147231,436 lines to domestic and international businesses. The data communication service accounted for 5.8%4.8% of our operating revenues in 2011.2014.

We provide dedicated and secure broadband Internet connection service to institutional customers under the “Kornet” brand name. We provide high-speed connection up to 5.110.0 Gbps connected to our internet backbone network with capacity of 6.6 Tbps, as well as rent to our customers and install necessary routers to ensure reliable Internet connection and enhanced security. We provide discount rates to qualified customers, including small- and medium-sized enterprises, businesses engaging in Internet access services and government agencies.

Satellite ServiceFinancial Services

To further diversify our business and to create synergies through utilization of our mobile telecommunications network in financial services, we, through our subsidiary KT Capital Co., Ltd., acquired 1,622,520 additional shares of common stock of BC Card Co., Ltd. from Woori Bank, Busan Bank and Shinhan Card for approximately252 billion in October 2011. As we were deemed to have control over BC Card Co., Ltd., it became our consolidated subsidiary starting in October 2011. We acquired an additional 1,349,920 common shares of BC Card Co., Ltd. in January 2012 for approximately287 billion, and owned a 69.54% interest in BC Card Co., Ltd. as of December 31, 2014. BC Card Co., Ltd. offers various credit card and related financial services. KT Capital had consolidated operating revenues of186 billion and net income of69 billion for the year ended December 31, 2014 and consolidated assets of2,038 billion and liabilities of1,760 billion as of December 31, 2014. In March 2014, the investment business division of KT Capital Co., Ltd., including 3,059,560 common shares of BC Card Co., Ltd. that KT Capital Co., Ltd. held, was spun off and merged into KT Corporation, to further strengthen the synergy between telecommunication and finance operations within the KT group and increase shareholder value. Financial Services accounted for 17.2% of our operating revenues in 2014. To focus on our core telecommunications business, we had actively sought to dispose of our interests in KT Capital, which we discontinued as we believed the potential offers did not adequately reflect KT Capital’s value. We will continue to evaluate various options in which we can maximize KT Capital’s strategic value, based on our overall corporate strategy and other factors.

Automobile Rental Services

We also operated KT Rental, a subsidiary that provides rental cars and equipment. In March 2010, MBK Partners, a private equity firm, and we jointly acquired Kumho Rent-A-Car Co., Ltd. from Korea Express Inc. for263 billion, with each taking a 50% stake. Kumho Rent-A-Car was subsequently merged with the car rental business unit of KT Rental in June 2010. KT Rental became a consolidated subsidiary starting in 2012, as the restriction on our controlling power over KT Rental pursuant to a shareholders’ agreement was resolved as a result of the acquisition of KT Rental’s common stock by Hana Daetoo Securities Co., Ltd. and other investors from the then-second largest shareholder in July 2012. KT Rental operated approximately 122,000 vehicles as of December 31, 2014 and had a market share of 26.6% of the domestic car rental market in 2014. Automobile rental services accounted for 3.3% of our operating revenues in 2014. An agreement to sell KT Rental to the Lotte Group for approximately1.02 trillion (with estimated proceeds to KT Corporation being approximately772 billion) was entered into in March 2015, and the sale is expected to be completed in May 2015.

Miscellaneous Businesses

We also engage in various business activities that extend beyond telephone services and data communications services, including satellite services, information technology and network services, real estate development, satellite TV services, with the consolidation of KT Skylife Co. starting in January 2011, and media contents business with the establishment of KT Media Hub Co., Ltd. in December 2012. As of December 31, 2014, KT Media Hub Co., Ltd. had revenues of335 billion. We merged KT Media Hub Co., Ltd. into KT Corporation in March 2015, to enhance shareholder value by increasing management efficiency and promoting synergy among our existing businesses. Our miscellaneous businesses accounted for 6.1% of our operating revenues for 2014.

We provide transponder leasing, broadcasting, video distribution and data communications services through our satellites. We currently operate two satellites, Koreasat 5 and Koreasat 6 (also known as olleh 1), and own interests in twoone additional satellites, ABS-1 (also known assatellite, Koreasat 7) and ABS-2 (also known as Koreasat 8).8. In August 2006, we launched Koreasat 5.5 to replace Koreasat 2 (launched in 1996 with a design life of ten years). Koreasat 5, a combined civil and governmental communications satellite, is the first Korean satellite to provide commercial satellite services to neighboring countries, and the service coverage area includes Korea, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, the eastern part of China and the far-eastern part of Russia.countries. The design life of Koreasat 5 is fifteen years.15 years, and it currently remains in operation.

WeIn December 2010, we launched Koreasat 6, in December 2010, with a design life of fifteen years.15 years, to replace Koreasat 3 (originally launched in 1999, with a design life of 12 years). Koreasat 6 began its commercial operation in February 2011 and carries transponders that are mainly used for direct-to-home satellite broadcasting, video distributions and data communications services. Most of the direct-to-home satellite broadcasting transponders are utilized by KT Skylife Co. We also lease

satellite capacity from other satellite operators to offer commercial satellite services to both domestic and international customers. In August 2010, we procured from Asia Broadcast Satellite (“ABS”), a Hong Kong-based satellite operator, four transponders on the ABS-1 satellite and aneight additional eight transponders on ABS-2 satellite (which was later renamed Koreasat 8) in order to provide global satellite services. Koreasat 8 launched its operations in February 2014. In the ABS-2second half of 2014, we transferred our interest in the ABS-1 transponders to the Koreasat 8 satellite. ABS-1 began operationWe sold to ABS the Koreasat 3 satellite in September 2010, and ABS-2 is under construction and is expected2011, as the satellite had reached the end of its design life. We expect to be launchedlaunch two additional satellites during the first half of 2013.

Miscellaneous Services

We also engage in various business activities that extend beyond telephone2016, one to offer new satellite services, and data communications services, including information technology and network services, real estate development, car rentalthe other to replace Koreasat 5.

In December 2012, we spun-off our satellite service business satellite TV services, with the consolidation ofby establishing KT Skylife Co. starting in January 2011 and credit card services, with the consolidation of BC CardSat Co., Ltd. starting, in October 2011. Our miscellaneous services accounted for 13.6%an effort to enhance operational specialization and to foster management efficiency, enabling us to respond more promptly to the changing market environments and increasing competitiveness.

In December 2013, the MSIP declared that the contract over our sale of our operating revenues for 2011.Koreasat 3 was null and void, on the grounds that the satellite was sold without obtaining proper government approval. We are currently involved in arbitration proceedings against ABS pursuant to the Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce over the Koreasat 3 satellite ownership and contract violation claims.

We offer a broad array of integrated information technology and network services to our business customers. Our range of services include consulting, designing, building and maintaining systems and communication networks that satisfy the individual needs of our customers in the public and private sectors.

We own land and real estate in various locations nationwide. Technological developments have enhanced the coverage area of individual telecommunications facilities, which enable us to better utilize our existing land and other real estate holdings. In recent years, we have engaged in the planning and development of commercial and office buildings and condominiums on our unused sites, as well as in the leasing of buildings we own. We established KT Estate Inc. in August 2010 to oversee the planning, development and operation of our real estate assets, and established KT AMC, an asset management company, in September 2011 as a subsidiary of KT Estate Inc. to create additional synergies with our real estate assets.

We also operatemade a contribution in-kind of1,254 billion to KT Rental, a subsidiary that provides rental carsEstate Inc. in December 2012 to further strengthen KT Estate’s competitiveness and equipment. In March 2010, MBK Partners, a private equity firm, and we jointly acquired Kumho Rent-A-Car Co., Ltd. from Korea Express Inc. for(Won)263 billion, with each taking a 50% stake. Kumho Rent-A-Car was subsequently merged with the car rental business unit of KT Rental on June 1, 2010. KT Rental operated approximately 59,600 vehicles as of December 31, 2011 and has a market share of 21.2% of the domestic car rental market in 2011.to better utilize our assets.

To respond to the trend of convergence in the telecommunications and broadcasting industries, and to seek additional synergies with our existing operations, we acquired 5,600,000 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock with voting rights and convertible bonds that arewere convertible into 5,600,000 shares of common stock of KT Skylife Co., Ltd. from Dutch Savings Holdings B.V. in January 2011 for approximately(Won)246 billion. We exercised the conversion rights on the redeemable convertible preferred stock and the convertible bonds in March 2011, and owned a 50.3%50.1% interest in KT Skylife Co., Ltd. as of December 31, 2011.2014. KT Skylife offers satellite TV services, which may also be packaged with our IP-TVIPTV services as further described below, and had consolidated salesoperating revenues of(Won)485653 billion and net income of(Won)2755 billion for the year ended December 31, 20112014 and consolidated assets of(Won)550683 billion and liabilities of(Won)258246 billion as of December 31, 2011.2014.

To further diversify our business and to create synergies through utilization of our mobile telecommunications network in financial services,In December 2012, we through our subsidiaryalso established KT CapitalMedia Hub Co., Ltd., acquired 1,622,520 additional sharesa subsidiary that specializes in the development of common stockmedia contents, with a cash capital contribution of BC Card Co., Ltd. from Woori Bank80 billion. We believe that the media contents business will be a future growth opportunity for approximately(Won)252 billionus, and this subsidiary further enhances our specialization in October 2011. The acquisition increased our ownership interestthe media contents business. It also allows us to better adapt to the rapidly changing market environment in BC Card Co., Ltd. to 38.86% as of December 31, 2011, and as we were deemed to have control over BC Card Co., Ltd., it became our consolidated subsidiary starting in October 2011. BC Card Co., Ltd.the field.

offers various credit card and related services, and had consolidated sales of(Won)3,150 billion and net income of(Won)106 billion for the year ended December 31, 2011 and consolidated assets of(Won)1,874 billion and liabilities of(Won)1,366 billion as of December 31, 2011. See Note 37 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenues and Rates

The table below shows the percentage of our revenues derived from each category of services for 2010 and 2011:each of the years from 2012 to 2014:

 

  Year Ended December 31,   Year Ended December 31, 
      2010         2011       2012 2013 2014 

Mobile services

   34.2  31.0   26.7  27.9  29.9

Fixed-line telephone services:

   

Local service

   12.6    10.4  

Non-refundable service initiation fees

   0.3    0.2  

Domestic long-distance service

   2.0    1.4  

International long-distance service

   1.8    1.8  

Land-to-mobile interconnection

   4.7    3.5  

Fixed-line services

   30.8    29.8    28.9  

Fixed-line telephone services:

    

Monthly basic charges

   3.3    3.1    2.9  

Monthly usage charges

   7.1    6.1    5.2  

Others

   3.4    3.2    2.9  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Sub-total

   21.4    17.3     13.7    12.4    11.0  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Internet services:

   

Internet services:

    

Broadband Internet access service

   9.3    8.5     8.3    8.4    8.1  

Other Internet-related services(1)

   3.3    3.9     3.5    4.1    4.9  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Sub-total

   12.7    12.4     11.8    12.5    13.0  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Data communications service (2)

   5.3    5.0    4.8  

Goods sold(2)(3)

   19.2    19.9     18.6    16.9    14.7  

Data communications service(3)

   6.4    5.8  

Miscellaneous services(4)

   6.2    13.6  

Financial services

   13.5    13.6    17.2  

Automobile rental services (4)

   1.0    2.5    3.3  

Miscellaneous businesses (5)

   9.4    9.2    6.1  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Operating revenues

   100.0  100.0   100.0  100.0  100.0
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

 

(1)Includes revenues from services provided by our Internet data centers, Bizmeka and olleh TV.

 

(2)Includes mobile handset sales.

(3)Includes revenues from Kornet Internet connection service and satellite services.

 

(3)Includes mobile handset sales.

(4)KT Rental Co., Ltd. became our consolidated subsidiary starting in 2011. An agreement to sell KT Rental to the Lotte Group for approximately1.02 trillion (with estimated proceeds to KT Corporation being approximately772 billion) was entered into in March 2015, and the sale is expected to be completed in May 2015.

(5)Includes revenues from satellite services, information technology and network services and real estate development and car rental business.

Mobile Services

We derive revenues from mobile services principally from:

 

initial subscriptionactivation fees;

 

monthly fees;

 

usage charges for outgoing calls;

 

usage charges for wireless data transmission;

 

contents download fees; and

 

value-added monthly service fees.fees; and

mobile-to-mobile interconnection charges.

We offer various rate plans, including those that offer a specified number of free airtime minutes per month in return for a higher monthly fee and those that are geared toward business

customers. In September 2009,August 2013, we, SK Telecom, and LG U+ reduced our initial subscriptionthe activation fee for new subscribers by 20%approximately 40%. Our activation fee was reduced from(Won)24,000 to14,400, SK Telecom’s activation fee was reduced from39,600 to23,760, and LG U+’s activation fee was reduced from30,000 to(Won)24,000.18,000. In January 2014, the MSIP announced its plans to further reduce activation fees in the second half of 2014 so that such fees would be reduced to 50% of levels then-existing. In August 2011,2014, we, announced the adoption of various tariff reduction measures, including a reduction of the monthlySK Telecom and LG U+ reduced activation fees for new subscribers by approximately 50%. Our activation fee bywas reduced from(Won)1,000 for every mobile subscriber (effective October 21, 2011), an exemption of usage charges for SMS of up14,400 to 50 messages per month (effective7,200, SK Telecom’s activation fee was reduced from23,760 to11,880 and LG U+’s activation fee was reduced from18,000 to9,000. SK Telecom abolished its activation fee completely in November 1, 2011)2014 and the introduction of customized fixedwe abolished our activation fee completely in March 2015. We currently only offer our standard rate plansplan for smart phone users (effective October 24, 2011). For our HSDPA-based service, we also charge monthly fees, voice calling usage charges and video calling usage charges.service. Under our standard rate plan for HSDPA-based service, we charge a monthly fee of(Won)11,000, voice calling usage charges of(Won)1.8 per second and video calling usage charges of(Won)3 per second. The following table summarizes charges for our representative HSDPA-based service plans:second, without any free voice or video call airtime minutes.

   Free Voice Call
Airtime Minutes
  Free Video Call
Airtime Minutes
   Monthly Fee 

Standard Plan

   0    0    (Won)11,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor Gold—Voice 150 (1)

   150    15     27,500  

SHOW KING Sponsor Gold—Voice 250 (1)

   250    0     34,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor Gold—Complete Freedom 150 (1) (2)

   150    15     36,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor Gold—Voice 350 (1)

   350    0     44,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor Gold—Voice 450 (1)

   450    0     54,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor Gold—Voice 650 (1)

   650    0     66,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor Gold—Voice 850 (1)

   850    0     74,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor Gold—Voice 2000 (1)

   2,000 (3)   0     96,000  

(1)Requires mandatory subscription period of 24 months.

(2)Includes free unlimited data usage service.

(3)Unlimited voice call airtime minutes for calls made to our subscribers.

A subscriber may also subscribe to an individually designed calling rate plan by mixing free voice calling airtime minutes and free text messages at a set monthly fee. We also provide plans specially designed for elderly and pre-teen subscribers as well as special discounts to our subscribers with physical disabilities.

In September 2009, we also

We introduced new rate plans specifically for smart phone users.smartphone users starting in September 2009. In June 2013, we introduced the Everyone olleh rate plan, which permits users to make unlimited voice calls within our wireless network, and the Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited rate plan, which permits users to make unlimited voice calls within both our fixed-line and wireless networks. Starting from November 2014, we began offering our major 3G and LTE mobile plans at discounted rates which were previously offered only to subscribers who signed on for mandatory subscription periods ranging from one to two years, thereby eliminating the need to sign on for any mandatory subscription period to benefit from our discounted plans and removing any early termination penalties. We believe such changes allow our subscribers a wider flexibility in choosing their mobile plans based on their needs. The following table summarizes the charges forassociated with our representative smart phonesmartphone service plans:

 

   Free Airtime
Minutes
   Free Data
Transmission (1)
   Monthly Fee 

SHOW Smart Sponsor Voice 150(2)

   150     0 megabytes    (Won)27,500  

SHOW Smart Sponsor Voice 250(2)

   250     0     34,000  

SHOW Smart Sponsor Voice 350(2)

   350     0     44,000  

SHOW Smart Sponsor Voice 450(2)

   450     0     54,000  

SHOW Smart Sponsor Voice 650(2)

   650     0     66,000  

SHOW Smart Sponsor Voice 850(2)

   850     0     74,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor i—Slim(3)

   150     100     34,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor i—Lite(3)

   200     500     44,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor i—Talk(3)

   250     100     44,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor i—Value(3)

   300     Unlimited     54,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor i—Medium(3)

   400     Unlimited     64,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor i—Special(3)

   600     Unlimited     78,000  

SHOW KING Sponsor i—Premium(3)

   800     Unlimited     94,000  
  Free Airtime Minutes (1)  Free Data
Transmission (2)
  Monthly Fee  Discount (3) 
  Voice or video calls to
anyone
     Voice or video calls to
our mobile subscribers
  (in megabytes)       

i-teen

   193     34,000   13,000  

i-Slim

   150     100    34,000    13,000  

i-Lite

   200     500    44,000    16,000  

i-Talk

   250     100    44,000    16,000  

i-Value

   300     Unlimited    54,000    18,000  

i-Medium

   400     Unlimited    64,000    21,000  

i-Special

   600     Unlimited    78,000    24,000  

i-Premium

  800     Unlimited    Unlimited    94,000    30,000  

Everyone olleh 35(3G)

  130     Unlimited    750    35,000    7,000  

Everyone olleh 45(3G)

  185     Unlimited    1,536    45,000    11,000  

Everyone olleh 55(3G)

  250     Unlimited    2,560    55,000    14,000  

Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 67(3G) (4)(5)

  Unlimited(200)    Unlimited    5,120    67,000    16,000  

Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 77(3G) (4)(5)

  Unlimited(200)    Unlimited    9,216    77,000    18,000  

Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 97(3G) (4)(5)

  Unlimited(200)    Unlimited    17,408    97,000    20,000  

Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 129(3G) (4)(5)

  Unlimited(200)    Unlimited    25,600    129,000    30,000  

Net i-Slim

   150     100    21,000      

Net i-Value

   300     Unlimited    34,000      

Net Everyone olleh 28(3G)

  130     Unlimited    750    28,000      

Net Everyone olleh 34(3G)

  185     Unlimited    1,536    34,000      

Net Everyone olleh 41(3G)

  250     Unlimited    2,560    41,000      

Net Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 51(3G) (4)(5)

  Unlimited(200)    Unlimited    5,120    51,000      

Net Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 61(3G) (4)(5)

  Unlimited(200)    Unlimited    10,240    61,000      

Net Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 77(3G) (4)(5)

  Unlimited(200)    Unlimited    17,408    77,000      

Net Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 99(3G) (4)(5)

  Unlimited(200)    Unlimited    25,600    99,000      

 

 

(1)Starting in May 2012, each second of video call counts as 1.66 second of voice call.

(2)We do not charge for any data transmission in wireless LAN zones. Wezones and charge(Won)0.0250.01 per 0.5 kilobyte for any additional data transmission exceeding the free monthly quota.

(2)Available only to smart phone users who do not use Apple iPhones. We provide discounts ofquota, up to 36.7% for mandatory subscription periods ranging from one to three years.a maximum of150,000.

 

(3)We provide various discounts to subscribers signing up for mandatory subscription periods.

(4)Includes free mobile and fixed-line voice calls and 200 minutes of free video calls.

(5)Provides an additional daily quota of 2GB after the free monthly quota has been exhausted and also provides unlimited use of data at transmission speed of up to 38.2% for mandatory subscription periods ranging from one to three years.3Mbps after the daily quota of 2GB has been exhausted.

In connection with the rollout of our 4G LTE services in January 2012, we also introduced new rate plans specifically for LTE phone users. We began offering various unlimited data plans in March 2014, which allows unlimited LTE data usage within certain transmission speeds after the monthly quota at the highest LTE data transmission speed has been exhausted. The following table summarizes charges for our representative LTE service plans:

 

  Free Airtime Minutes (1)   Free Data
Transmission(2)
   Monthly Fee  Free Airtime Minutes (1) Free Data
Transmission (2)
 Monthly Fee Discount (3) 
  Voice or video calls to
anyone
       Voice or video calls to
our mobile subscribers
          Voice or video calls to
anyone
   Voice or video calls to
our mobile subscribers
 (in megabytes)     

LTE-340

     160       500 megabytes    (Won)34,000     160     750   34,000   7,000  

LTE-420

     200       1,000 megabytes     42,000     200     1,536    42,000    11,000  

LTE-520

   250       1,000     1,500 megabytes     52,000     250     2,560    52,000    14,000  

LTE-620

   350       3,000     3,000 megabytes     62,000     350     6,144    62,000    16,000  

LTE-720

   450       5,000     5,000 megabytes     72,000     450     10,240    72,000    18,000  

LTE-850

   650       7,000     7,000 megabytes     85,000  

LTE-1000

   1,050       10,000     10,000 megabytes     100,000  

Everyone olleh 35(LTE)

 130   Unlimited    750    35,000    7,000  

Everyone olleh 45(LTE)

 185   Unlimited    1,536    45,000    11,000  

Everyone olleh 55(LTE)

 250   Unlimited    2,560    55,000    14,000  

Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 67(LTE) (4)(5)

 Unlimited(200)   Unlimited    5,120    67,000    16,000  

Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 79(LTE) (4)(5)

 Unlimited(200)   Unlimited    10,240    77,000    18,000  

Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 87(LTE) (4)(5)

 Unlimited(200)   Unlimited    12,288    77,000    20,000  

Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 97(LTE) (4)(5)

 Unlimited(200)   Unlimited    17,408    97,000    20,000  

Fixed-Line & Wireless Unlimited 129(LTE) (4)(5)

 Unlimited(200)   Unlimited    25,600    129,000    30,000  

Wideband Safe Unlimited 67 (6)

 100    15,360    67,000    16,000  

Wideband Safe Unlimited 77 (6)

 300    15,360    77,000    18,000  

Net Everyone olleh 28 (LTE)

 130   Unlimited    750    28,000      

Net Everyone olleh 34 (LTE)

 185   Unlimited    1,536    34,000      

Net Everyone olleh 41 (LTE)

 250   Unlimited    2,560    41,000      

Net Fixed-Line&Wireless Unlimited 51(LTE) (4)(5)

 Unlimited(200)   Unlimited    5,120    51,000      

Net Fixed-Line&Wireless Unlimited 61(LTE) (4)(5)

 Unlimited(200)   Unlimited    10,240    61,000      

Net Fixed-Line&Wireless Unlimited 67(LTE) (4)(5)

 Unlimited(200)   Unlimited    12,288    67,000      

Net Fixed-Line&Wireless Unlimited 77(LTE) (4)(5)

 Unlimited(200)   Unlimited    17,408    77,000      

Net Fixed-Line&Wireless Unlimited 99(LTE) (4)(5)

 Unlimited(200)   Unlimited    25,600    99,000      

Net Wideband Safe Unlimited 51 (6)

 100   Unlimited    15,360    67,000      

 

 

(1)Starting in May 2012, each second of video call will countcounts as 1.66 second of voice call.

 

(2)We do not charge for data transmission in wireless LAN zones. We charge(Won)0.01 per 0.5 kilobyte for any additional data transmission exceeding the free monthly quota, up to a maximum of(Won)150,000.

(3)We provide various discounts to subscribers signing up for mandatory subscription periods.

(4)Includes free mobile and fixed-line voice calls and 200 minutes of free video calls.

(5)Provides an additional daily quota of 2GB after the free monthly quota has been exhausted, and also provides unlimited use of data with speed of up to 3Mbps after the daily quota of 2GB has been exhausted.

(6)Provides unlimited use of data at transmission speed of up to 3Mbps after the monthly quota of 15GB has been exhausted, and also provides unlimited voice calls with one designated number within our network.

We have entered into arrangements with various partners including a leading discount store, a leading online shopping mall, several leading banks, an operator of cinema complexes, a leading automobile manufacturing company and Korea Railroad Corporation, and we offer subscribers of our mobile service monthly discount coupons, membership points or movie tickets from such partners as promotional gifts.

In December 2010, we also introduced 3G data-only plans targeting tablet PC users, smart-phonesmartphone users and other special phone users, offeringand currently offer subscription plans for data transmission amounts ranging from 100MB1 GB to 4GB at monthly fees ranging from(Won)10,00012,500 to(Won)35,000.24,500.

In June 2012, we introduced LTE data-only plans, in both basic and various discounted packages, which currently provides 1.6 GB to 6.4 GB of data at monthly fees ranging from18,000 to30,000. The following table summarizes charges for our representative data-only plans:

3G Data-only Pricing Plans

Monthly Data Quota
(3G Network)
Monthly Fee

Net olleh Data 1G(1) (2)

1GB12,500

Net olleh Data 2G(1) (2)

2GB16,000

Net olleh Data 4G(1) (2)

2GB24,500

(1)We charge0.025 per 0.5 kilobyte for any additional data transmission in excess of the monthly quota.

(2)Unused data is not carried over to the next month. Customers may not subscribe to our m-VoIP services and data add-on services, such as Data Plus, Data Sharing, Genie Pack and OTN Pack.

LTE Data-only Pricing Plans

Monthly Data Quota
(3G and LTE  Networks)
Monthly Fee

Net LTE Data 1.6G(1) (2)

1.6GB18,000

Net LTE Data 3.2G(1) (2)

3.2GB22,500

Net LTE Data 6.4G(1) (2)

6.4GB30,000

(1)We charge0.01 per 0.5 kilobyte for any additional data transmission in excess of the monthly data quota and Safe Zone data, regardless of network.

(2)Unused data is not carried over to the next month. Customers may not subscribe to our m-VoIP services and data add-on services, such as Data Plus, Data Sharing, Genie Pack and OTN Pack.

Mobile-to-mobile Interconnection. For a call initiated by a mobile subscriber of our competitor to our mobile subscriber, the mobile service provider collects from its subscriber its normal rate and remits to us a mobile-to-mobile interconnection charge. In addition, for a call initiated by our mobile subscriber to a mobile subscriber of our competitor, we collect from our subscriber our normal rate and remit to the mobile service provider a mobile-to-mobile interconnection charge.

The following table shows the interconnection charges we paid per minute (exclusive of value-added taxes) to mobile operators, and the charges received per minute (exclusive of value-added taxes) from mobile operators for mobile to mobile calls:

   Effective Starting 
   January 1, 2012   January 1, 2013   January 1, 2014 

SK Telecom

  27.1    26.3    22.2  

LG U+

   28.2     27.0     22.8  

KT

   28.0     27.0     22.7  

We recognize as mobile-to-mobile interconnection revenue the entire amount of the usage charge collected from the mobile user and recognize as expense the amount of interconnection charge paid to the mobile service provider.

Fixed-line Telephone Services

Fixed-line Telephone Services

Local Telephone Service.Service.Our revenues from local telephone service consist primarily of:

 

Serviceservice initiation fees for new lines;

 

Monthlymonthly basic charges; and

 

Monthlymonthly usage charges based on the number of call pulses.

The rates we charge for local calls are currently subject to approval by the MSIP after consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance. The rates are identical for residential and commercial customers. All calls are currently measured by call pulses. Each pulse is determined by the duration of the call and the time of the day at which the call is made. For instance, duringOur current local usage rates, which have been in effect since May 2002, are39 per pulse for regular service hours,and70 per pulse for public telephones. For local calls, a call pulse is triggered at the beginning of each local telephone call and every three minutes thereafter.

The rates we charge for local calls are currently subjectthereafter from 8:00 a.m. to approval by the Korea Communications Commission after consultation with the Ministry of Strategy9:00 p.m. on weekdays and Finance. The rates are identical for residentialevery 258 seconds thereafter on holidays and commercial customers. The following table summarizes our local usage rates as of each datefrom 9:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. on which rates were revised:weekdays.

   Dec 1, 1996   Sept 1, 1997   April 15, 2001   May 1, 2002 

Local Usage Charges (per pulse)(1)

        

Regular service

  (Won)41.6    (Won)45    (Won)39    (Won)39  

Public telephone

   40     50     50     70  

(1)

Since January 1, 1990, usage charges for local service in those metropolitan areas subject to measured service have been based on the number of pulses, which are a function of the duration and number of calls, and per pulse rates. Before

January 1, 1993, in areas not subject to measured service, a pulse was triggered once for each local telephone call, regardless of the length of the call. Commencing January 1, 1993, measured service applies to all lines in service. A pulse is triggered at the beginning of each local call and every three minutes thereafter from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. on weekdays and every 258 seconds thereafter on holidays and from 9:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. on weekdays.

We also charge a monthly basic charge ranging from(Won)3,000 to(Won)5,200, depending on location, and a non-refundable service initiation fee of(Won)60,000 to new subscribers. The non-refundable service initiation fee is waived for the new subscribers who subscribe to our local service through our online application process. Until April 2001, we charged refundable service initiation deposits, which were refunded upon termination of service. As of December 31, 2011,2014, we had(Won)555427 billion ofin refundable service initiation deposits outstanding and 2,5231,949 thousand subscribers who are enrolled under the mandatory deposit plan and are eligible to switch to the no deposit plan and receive their service initiation deposit back (less the non-refundable service initial fees).

Domestic Long-distance Telephone Service.Service. Our revenues from domestic long-distance service consist of charges for calls placed, charged for the duration, time of day and day of the week a call is placed, and the distance covered by the call. We are able to set our own rates for domestic long-distance service without approval from the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP.

The following table summarizes ourOur current basic domestic long-distance rates, aswhich have been in effect since November 2001, are39 per three minutes for distances of up to 30 kilometers and14.5 per ten seconds (equivalent to261 per three minutes) for distances in excess of 30 kilometers. For domestic long-distance calls for distances of up to 30 kilometers, a pulse is triggered at the beginning of each datecall and every three minutes thereafter. For domestic long-distance calls for distances in excess of 30 kilometers, a pulse is triggered at the beginning of each call and every 10 seconds thereafter. Rates for domestic long-distance calls for distances up to 30 kilometers are currently discounted by an adjustment in the period between pulses, by approximately 11% (utilizing a pulse rate of 200 seconds) from 6:00 a.m. to midnight on which rates were revised. These charges do not reflect discounts applicableholidays and from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. on weekdays, and by approximately 43% (utilizing a pulse rate of 258 seconds) from midnight to 6:00 a.m. every day. Rates for domestic long-distance calls made during off-peak hours or holidays.for distances in excess of 30 kilometers are currently discounted by approximately 10% (utilizing a rate of13.1 per ten seconds) from 6:00 a.m. to midnight on holidays and from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. on weekdays, and by approximately 30% (utilizing a rate of10.2 per ten seconds) from midnight to 6:00 a.m. every day.

   Date of Rate Change(1) 
   Dec. 1, 1996   Sept. 1, 1997   Dec. 1, 2000   April 15, 2001   Nov. 1, 2001 

Domestic Long-Distance Charges (per three minutes)(1) (2)

          

Up to 30 km

  (Won)41.6    (Won)45    (Won)45    (Won)39    (Won)39  

Up to 100 km

   182     172     192     192     261  

100 km or longer

   277     245     252     252     261  

(1)Domestic long-distance calls of up to 30 kilometers are billed on the same basis as local calls. Before April 15, 2001, for domestic long-distance calls in excess of 30 kilometers, a pulse was triggered at the beginning of each call and every 47 seconds for calls up to 100 kilometers or every 33 seconds for calls in excess of 100 kilometers. Commencing April 15, 2001, a pulse was triggered at the beginning of each call and every 30 seconds thereafter. Commencing November 1, 2001, a pulse is triggered at the beginning of each call and every 10 seconds thereafter.

(2)Rates for domestic long-distance calls in excess of 30 kilometers are currently discounted (by an adjustment in the period between pulses) by 10% on holidays and from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. on weekdays, and by 30% from midnight to 6:00 a.m. every day.

In recent years, we have begun to offer optional flat rate plans, discount plans and bundled product plans in order to mitigate the impact from lower usage of local and domestic long-distance calls and stabilize our revenues from fixed-line telephone services. For a discussion of our bundled products, see “—Bundled Products.” Some of our flat rate and discount plans that we currently offer include the following:

 

starting in June 2008, a subscriber who elects to pay a monthly flat rate of(Won)12,500 is able to make free local and domestic long-distance calls after 9 p.m. on weekdays or at any time on weekends. Each month, the subscriber also receives a free movie ticket and free 60 minutes of land-to-mobile calls. The subscriber is also eligible to receive a discount of up to 20%, subject to the length of the mandatory subscription period;

 

starting in October 2009, a subscriber who elects to subscribe to our fixed-line phone service for a three year mandatory subscription period is able to make local and domestic long-distance calls at a flat rate of(Won)39 per three minutes; and

starting in October 2009, a subscriber who elects to subscribe to our broadband Internet access service or HSDPA-based mobile service for a three year mandatory subscription period is able to make local, domestic long-distance and land-to-mobile calls of up to(Won)150,000 with a flat rate payment of(Won)50,000 or such calls up to(Won)50,000 with a flat rate payment of(Won)10,000. Standard rates apply to calls that exceed the capped amounts.amounts; and

a subscriber who elects to pay a monthly flat rate ranging from7,500 to15,000, depending on the types of calls the subscriber wishes to make, is able to use 3,000 minutes per month of local, domestic long-distance, land-to-VoIP and land-to-KT mobile calls.

International Long-distance Service.Service. Our revenues from international long-distance service consist of:

 

amounts we bill to customers for outgoing calls made to foreign countries (including customers who make calls to Korea from foreign countries under our home country direct-dial service);

 

amounts we bill to foreign telecommunications carriers for connection to the Korean telephone network in respect of incoming calls (including calls placed in Korea by customers of the foreign carriers for home country direct-dial service); and

 

other revenues, including revenues from international calls placed from public telephones.

We bill outgoing calls made by customers in Korea (and calls made to Korea from foreign countries under our home country direct-dial service) in accordance with our international long-distance rate schedule for the country called. These rates vary depending on the time of day at which a call is placed. We bill outgoing international calls on the basis of one-second increments. We are able to set our own rates for international long-distance service without approval from the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP.

For incoming calls (including calls placed in Korea by customers of the foreign carriers for home country direct-dial service), we receive settlement payments from the relevant foreign carrier at the applicable settlement rate specified under the agreement with the foreign carrier. We have entered into numerous bilateral agreements with foreign carriers. We negotiate the settlement rates under these agreements with each foreign carrier, subject to Korea Communications Commissionthe MSIP’s approval. It is the practice among international carriers for the carrier in the country in which the call is billed to collect payments due in respect of the use of overseas networks. Although we record the gross amounts due to and from us in our financial statements, we make settlements with most carriers monthly or quarterly on a net basis.

Land-to-mobile InterconnectionInterconnection..We provide other telecommunications service providers, including mobile operators and other fixed-line operators, interconnection to our fixed-line network.

Land-to-mobile Interconnection. For a call initiated by a landline user to a mobile service subscriber, we collect from the landline user the land-to-mobile usage charge and remit to the mobile service provider a land-to-mobile interconnection charge. The Korea Communications CommissionMSIP periodically issues orders setting the interconnection charge calculation method applicable to interconnections with mobile service providers. The Korea Communications CommissionMSIP determines the land to mobile interconnection charge by calculating the long run incremental cost of mobile service providers, taking into consideration technology development and future expected costs.

The following table shows the interconnection charges we paid per minute (exclusive of value-added taxes) to mobile operators for landline to mobile calls.calls:

 

   Effective Starting 
   January 1, 2009   January 1, 2010   January 1, 2011 

SK Telecom

  (Won)32.9    (Won)31.4    (Won)30.5  

LG U+

   38.5     33.6     31.9  

   Effective Starting 
   January 1, 2012   January 1, 2013   January 1, 2014 

SK Telecom

  27.1    26.3    22.2  

LG U+

   28.2     27.0     22.8  

The following table showsSince September 2004, the usage chargecharges per minute collected from a landline user for a call initiated by a landline user to a mobile service subscriber.

Effective Starting September 1, 2004

Weekday

(Won)87.0

Weekend

82.0

Evening(1)

77.2

.(1)Evening rates are applicable from 12:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m. everyday.

subscriber are87.0 during weekdays,82.0 during weekends and77.2 during evenings (defined as 12:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m. every day). We recognize as land-to-mobile interconnection revenue the entire amount of the usage charge collected from the landline user and recognize as expense the amount of interconnection charge paid to the mobile service provider.

Land-to-land and Mobile-to-land Interconnection. For a call initiated by a landline subscriber of our competitor to our fixed-line user, the landline service provider collects from its subscriber its normal rate and remits to us a land-to-land interconnection charge. In addition, for a call initiated by a mobile service subscriber to our landline user, the mobile service provider collects from its subscriber its normal rate and remits to us a mobile-to-land interconnection charge.

The following table shows such interconnection charge per minute collected for a call depending on the type of call, as determined by the Korea Communications Commission.KCC:

 

  Effective Starting   Effective Starting 
  January 1, 2009   January 1, 2010   January 1, 2011   January 1, 2012   January 1, 2013   January 1, 2014 

Local access(1)

  (Won)18.1    (Won)17.1    (Won)16.4    15.5    14.6    13.3  

Single toll access(2)

   19.3     19.1     18.6     17.4     16.7     14.7  

Double toll access(3)

   20.4     22.5     22.2     20.3     19.9     17.1  

 

Source: The Korea Communications Commission.

Source:The KCC.

 

(1)Interconnection between local switching center and local access line.

 

(2)Interconnection involving access to single long-distance switching center.

 

(3)Interconnection involving access to two long-distance switching centers.

Mobile-to-mobile Interconnection. For a call initiated by a mobile subscriber of our competitor to our mobile subscriber, the mobile service provider collects from its subscriber its normal rate and remits to us a mobile-to-mobile interconnection charge. In addition, for a call initiated by our mobile subscriber to a mobile subscriber to our competitor, we collect from our subscriber our normal rate and remit to the mobile service provider a mobile-to-mobile interconnection charge.

The following table shows the interconnection charges we paid per minute (exclusive of value-added taxes) to mobile operators, and the charges received per minute (exclusive of value-added taxes) from mobile operators for mobile to mobile calls.

   Effective Starting 
   January 1, 2009   January 1, 2010   January 1, 2011 

SK Telecom

  (Won)32.9    (Won)31.4    (Won)30.5  

LG U+

   38.5     33.6     31.9  

KT

   38.0     33.4     31.7  

We recognize as mobile-to-mobile interconnection revenue the entire amount of the usage charge collected from the mobile user and recognize as expense the amount of interconnection charge paid to the mobile service provider.

Internet Services

Broadband Internet Access Service.Service. We offer broadband Internet access service that primarily uses existing telephone lines to provide both voice and data transmission. We charge monthly fixed fees to customers of broadband Internet service. In addition, we charge customers a one timeone-time installation fee per site of(Won)30,000 and modem rental fee of up to(Won)8,000 on a monthly basis. The rates we charge for broadband Internet access service are subject to approval by the Korea Communications Commission.

The following table summarizes our charges for our representative broadband Internet service plans:

 

   

Maximum Service Speed

  Monthly Fee 

olleh Internet Special(1)(6) (8)

  100 Mbps  (Won)36,000  

olleh Internet Lite(1)(6) (8)

  50 Mbps   30,000  

olleh GiGA Internet(8)

1 Gbps50,000

olleh GiGA Internet Compact(8)

500 Mbps42,000

WiBro 10G(2) (6)(8)

  40 Mbps (for downloading) / 12 Mbps (for uploading)   10,000  

WiBro 20G(3) (6)(8)

  40 Mbps (for downloading) / 12 Mbps (for uploading)   20,000  

WiBro 30G(4) (6)(8)

  40 Mbps (for downloading) / 12 Mbps (for uploading)   30,000  

WiBro 50G(5) (6)(8)

  40 Mbps (for downloading) / 12 Mbps (for uploading)   40,000  

WiBro Hybrid 10G(6) (8)

40 Mbps (for downloading) / 12 Mbps (for uploading) / LTE Mode : 6 Mbps (downloading and uploading)20,000

WiBro Hybrid 20G(7) (8)

40 Mbps (for downloading) / 12 Mbps (for uploading) / LTE Mode : 6 Mbps (downloading and uploading)30,000

 

 

(1)We waive the installation fee of(Won)30,000 for mandatory subscription periods of one to fourthree years.

 

(2)We charge a monthly fee of(Won)10,000 for up to 10,000 megabytes of data transmission and(Won)10 per megabyte for any additional data transmission in excess of 10,000 megabytes per month.

 

(3)We charge a monthly fee of(Won)20,000 for up to 20,000 megabytes of data transmission and(Won)10 per megabyte for any additional data transmission in excess of 20,000 megabytes per month.

 

(4)We charge a monthly fee of(Won)30,000 for up to 30,000 megabytes of data transmission and(Won)10 per megabyte for any additional data transmission in excess of 30,000 megabytes per month.

 

(5)We charge a monthly fee of(Won)40,000 for up to 50,000 megabytes of data transmission and(Won)10 per megabyte for any additional data transmission in excess of 50,000 megabytes per month.

 

(6)We charge a monthly fee of20,000 for up to 10,000 megabytes of data transmission and no additional data may be used afterwards.

(7)We charge a monthly fee of30,000 for up to 20,000 megabytes of data transmission and no additional data may be used afterwards.

(8)Various discounts and promotional rates are available depending on the time of subscription and the minimum subscription contract, which may reduce the actual monthly fee paid.

olleh TV Services.Services. We charge our subscribers an installation fee per site of(Won)24,000, which is waived with a three-year contract, a set-top box rental fee ranging from(Won)2,000 to(Won)7,0009,000 on a monthly basis and a monthly subscription fee. The rates we charge for olleh TV services are subject to approval by the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP.

The following table summarizes charges for our representative olleh TV service plans:

 

   Real-time
Broadcasting Channels  (1)
   Monthly Fee (2) 

olleh TV Video-On-Demand

   0    (Won)10,000  

olleh TV Live Choice(3)

   80~83     10,000~16,000  

olleh TV Live Education(4)

   59     10,000~14,000  

olleh TV Live Thrift(5)

   110     12,000  

olleh TV Live Standard(5)

   132     16,000  

olleh TV Live Deluxe(5)

   137     23,000  

olleh TV SkyLife Economy(6)

   117     20,000  

olleh TV SkyLife Standard(6)

   153     25,000  

olleh TV SkyLife Premium(6)

   185     30,000  

olleh TV Now(7)

   50     5,000  
   Real-time
Broadcasting Channels
   Monthly Fee (1) 

olleh TV Live Choice(2)

   94    10,000  

olleh TV Live Education(3)

   68     10,000  

olleh TV Live 10 (4)

   193     15,000  

olleh TV Live 15 (4)

   214     23,000  

olleh TV Live 25 (4)

   214     36,000  

olleh TV Live 34 (4)

   214     50,000  

olleh TV SkyLife All-right(5)

   162     14,000  

olleh TV SkyLife Economy(5)

   169     20,000  

olleh TV SkyLife Standard(5)

   176     25,000  

olleh TV SkyLife Premium(5)

   180     30,000  

olleh TV Mobile (6)

   70     5,000  

 

 

(1)Includes our Video-On-Demand services.

(2)We typically provide discounts of 5% to 20% for a mandatory subscription periods ranging from one to three years. For olleh TV SkyLife subscribers, we provide discounts of 20% for mandatory subscription period of three years.

(3)(2)Assuming selection of one package. Subscribers must choose at least one channel package, each of which charges a monthly fee of(Won)2,000. The packages include entertainment, media, leisure and education and multi-room.

(4)(3)Assuming selection of one package. Subscribers must choose at least one Video-On-Demand package, each of which charges a monthly fee of(Won)2,000. The packages include elementary school, middle/high school and English education.

 

(5)(4)We charge additional monthly fees for value-addedIPTV packages which combine 50 to 80 standard television channels with video-on-demand services, such as short messaging service,well as other movie and streaming video conferencing and high-definition channels from KT Skylife Co., our subsidiary satellite broadcasting operator..

 

(6)(5)For subscription to olleh TV SkyLife service, installation fee is waived for a mandatory subscription period of three years.

 

(7)(6)Product for N-Screen (a service which allows purchased content to be displayed on multiple devices) launched in October 2011. The service is offered free of charge if bundled with our Internet, olleh TV and mobile services.

Data Communication Service

We charge customers of domestic leased-lines on a monthly fixed-cost basis based on the distance of the leased line, the capacity of the line measured in bits per second (“bps”), the type of line provided and whether the service site is local or long-distance. In addition, we charge customers a one-time installation fee per line ranging from(Won)56,000 to(Won)1,940,000 depending on the capacity of the line.

Bundled Products

We utilize our extensive customer relationships and market knowledge to expand our revenue base by cross-selling our telecommunications products and services. In order to attract additional subscribers to our new services, we bundle our services, such as our broadband Internet access service with WiBro, IP-TV,IPTV, Internet phone, fixed-line telephone service and mobile services, at a discount.

The following table summarizes our various basic bundled packages that we currently offer. The packages require subscribers to agree to a subscription period of three years.years:

 

   Monthly Rates
   Flat Rate   

Mobile Monthly Fee

Internet / Internet Phone / Mobile

  (Won)24,00021,000    Discounts ofare between 10% to 50%, subject to 1,500 and10,000, depending on the number of subscribers who participatemobile fee plan (up to 5 mobile numbers) (2)

Internet / Fixed-Line Phone / Mobile

   27,00024,000    

Internet / IP-TVIPTV / Mobile(1)

   34,00030,000    

Internet / Fixed-Line Phone / IP-TVIPTV / Mobile(1)

   35,00031,000    

 

 

(1)Assuming selection of olleh TV SkyLife Standard Plan. IfInternet and olleh TV Live Video-on-Demand, olleh TV Live Choice, or olleh TV Live Education is selected, deduction of(Won)5,000 from the monthly flat rate. If olleh TV SkyLife Economy Plan is selected, deduction of(Won)3,000 from the monthly flat rate. If olleh TV SkyLife Premium Plan is selected, additional monthly charge of(Won)5,000.10 package.

We have also entered into partnerships with a leading online shopping mall, an operator of cinema complexes, a satellite broadcasting service operator, a life insurance company, a car insurance company and a security company, and our subscribers may elect to receive monthly gift certificates, music downloads, online game money, movie tickets or other benefits from such partnership companies with value of up to(Won)50,000 per month in lieu of monthly rate discounts.

(2)Bundled rate plans are available only for olleh LTE subscribers.

We believe that subscribers who sign up for bundled products are less likely to cancel our services than subscribers who subscribe to individual services. Subscription fees paid for our bundled products are allocated to each service in proportion to their fair value and the allocated amount is recognized as revenue according to the revenue recognition policy for each service.

Competition

Competition in the telecommunications sector in Korea is intense. In recent years, business combinations in the telecommunications industry have significantly changed the competitive landscape

of the Korean telecommunications industry. In particular, SK Telecom acquired a controlling stake in Hanarotelecom Incorporated in 2008, which was renamed SK Broadband. The acquisition enablesenabled SK Telecom to provide fixed-line telecommunications, broadband Internet access and IP-TVIPTV services together with its mobile telecommunications services. OnIn January 1, 2010, LG Dacom and LG Powercom merged into LG Telecom Co., Ltd., which subsequently changed its name to LG U+. The merger enablesenabled LG U+ provide a similar range of services as SK Telecom and us.

Under the Framework Act of Telecommunications Basic Law and the Telecommunications Business Law,Act, telecommunications service providers in Korea are currently classified into network service providers, value-added service providers and specific service providers. See “—Regulation.”

Network Service Providers

All network service providers in Korea are permitted to set the rates for international or domestic long-distance services on their own without Korea Communications Commissionthe MSIP’s approval. Many of our competitors have set their rates lower than ours. Currently, we can compete freely with other providers on the basis of rates in all services except for rates we charge for local calls, and broadband Internet access service, which require advance approval from the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP. In all service areas, we compete by endeavoring to provide superior customer service and superior technical quality, taking advantage of our broad customer base and our ability to provide various telecommunication services.

We and SK Telecom have been designated as market-dominating business entities in the respectivelocal telephone service and cellular service markets, respectively, under the Telecommunications Business Act. Under this Act, a market-dominating business entity may not engage in any act of abuse, such as unreasonably interfering with business activities of other business entities, hindering unfairly the entry of newcomers or substantially restricting competition to the detriment of the interests of consumers. The Korea Communications CommissionKCC has also issued guidelines on fair competition of the telecommunications companies. If any telecommunications service provider breaches the guidelines, the Korea Communications CommissionKCC may take necessary corrective measures against it after a hearing at which the service provider may defend its action.

Mobile Service.Competition in the mobile telecommunications industry in Korea is intense among SK Telecom, LG U+ and us. Such competition has intensified in recent years due to the implementation of mobile number portability, which enabled mobile subscribers to switch their service provider while retaining the same mobile phone number, as well as payments of handset subsidies to purchasers of new handsets who agree to minimum subscription periods and the recent rollout of fourth-generation mobile services based on LTE technology by SK Telecom, LG U+ and us.

The following table shows the market shares in the mobile telecommunications market as of the dates indicated:

 

   Market Share (%) 
   KT
Corporation
   SK Telecom   LG U+ 

December 31, 2009

   31.3     50.6     18.1  

December 31, 2010

   31.6     50.6     17.8  

December 31, 2011

   31.5     50.6     17.9  
   Market Share (%) 
   KT
Corporation
   SK Telecom   LG U+ 

December 31, 2012

   30.8     50.3     18.9  

December 31, 2013

   30.1     50.0     19.9  

December 31, 2014

   30.3     50.0     19.7  

 

 

Source:Korea Communications Commission.The KCC.

We offer various rate plans, including those that offer a specified number of free airtime minutes per month in return for a higher monthly fee and those that are geared toward business customers. Our competitors also offer similar plans at competitive rates.

Local Telephone Service.We compete with SK Broadband and LG U+ in the local telephone service business. SK Broadband began providing local telephone service in 1999, followed by LG U+ in 2004. In addition, the services provided by mobile service providers have had a material adverse effect on KT Corporationus in terms of our revenues from fixed-line telephone services. We expect this trend to continue.

The following table shows the market shares in the local telephone service market as of the dates indicated:

 

   Market Share (%) 
   KT
Corporation
   SK Broadband   LG U+ 

December 31, 2009

   89.9     8.4     1.7  

December 31, 2010

   86.3     11.7     2.0  

December 31, 2011

   84.3     13.3     2.4  
   Market Share (%) 
   KT
Corporation
   SK Broadband   LG U+ 

December 31, 2012

   82.8     14.5     2.7  

December 31, 2013

   81.5     15.6     2.9  

December 31, 2014

   81.0     16.1     2.9  

 

 

Source:Korea Communications Commission.The KCC.

Although the local usage charge of our competitors and us is the same at(Won)39 per pulse (generally three minutes), our competitors’ non-refundable telephone service initiation charges are lower than ours. Our customers pay a non-refundable telephone service initiation charge of(Won)60,000 while customers of our competitors pay a non-refundable telephone service initiation charge of(Won)30,000. Also, the basic monthly charge of our competitors is(Won)4,500 compared to our basic charge of(Won)5,200.

Domestic Long-distance Telephone Service.We compete with SK Broadband, LG U+, Onse and SK Telink in the domestic long-distance market. LG U+ began offering domestic long-distance service in 1996, followed by Onse in 1999 and SK Broadband and SK Telink in 2004. The following table shows the market shares in the domestic long-distance market as of the dates indicated:

 

   Market Share (%) 
   KT
Corporation
   SK Broadband   LG U+   Onse   SK Telink 

December 31, 2009

   86.3     6.8     3.4     1.6     1.9  

December 31, 2010

   82.2     11.1     3.1     1.2     2.4  

December 31, 2011

   80.5     12.5     3.2     1.1     2.7  
   Market Share (%) 
   KT
Corporation
   SK Broadband   LG U+   Onse   SK Telink 

December 31, 2012

   79.2     14.0     3.0     1.1     2.8  

December 31, 2013

   78.7     14.5     3.0     1.0     2.8  

December 31, 2014

   78.9     14.9     2.7     0.9     2.7  

 

 

Source:Korea Telecommunications Operators Association.

Our competitors and we charge(Won)39 per three minutes for domestic long-distance calls up to 30 kilometers. For domestic long-distance calls greater than 30 kilometers, our competitors typically charge between 3% to 5% less than us. The following table is a comparison of our standard long-distance usage charges per 10 seconds with the standard rates of our competitors as of December 31, 2011:2014:

 

   KT
Corporation
   SK Broadband   LG U+   Onse   SK Telink 

30 kilometers or longer

  (Won)14.5    (Won)13.9    (Won)14.1    (Won)13.8    (Won)13.8  
   KT
Corporation
   SK
Broadband
   LG U+   Onse   SK Telink 

30 kilometers or longer

  14.5    13.9    14.1    13.8    13.8  

 

 

Source:Korea Communications Commission.The KCC.

International Long-Distance Telephone Service.Four companies, SK Broadband, LG U+, Onse and SK Telink, directly compete with us in the international long-distance market. LG U+ began offering international long-distance service in 1991, followed by Onse in 1997 and SK Broadband in

2004. SK Telink, which only provides Internet phone service, entered the international long-distance market in 2003 and offers its services at rates lower than those for network-based international long-distance telephone services. The entry of Internet phone service providers and other telecommunications service providers, such as voice resellers, that can offer telecommunications services at rates lower than ours has increased competition in the international long-distance market and adversely affected our revenues and profitability from international long-distance services. See “—Specific Service Providers.”

Our competitors generally charge less than us for international long-distance calls. The following table is a comparison of our standard long-distance usage charges per one minute with the standard rates of our competitors as of December 31, 2011:2014:

 

  KT
Corporation
   SK
Broadband
   LG U+   Onse   SK Telink   KT
Corporation
   SK
Broadband
   LG U+   Onse   SK Telink 

United States

  (Won)282    (Won)276    (Won)288    (Won)276    (Won)156    282    276    288    276    204  

Japan

   696     672     678     672     384     696     672     678     672     498  

China

   990     984     996     984     780     990     984     996     984     834  

Australia

   1,086     1,044     1,086     1,044     528     1,086     1,044     1,086     1,044     810  

Great Britain

   1,008     966     996     966     498     1,008     966     996     966     756  

Germany

   948     912     942     912     402     948     912     942     912     672  

 

 

Source:KT Corporation.

Broadband Internet Access Service.The Korean broadband Internet access market has experienced significant growth in the past decade. SK Broadband entered the broadband market in 1999 offering both HFC and ADSL services, and we entered the market with our ADSL services in 1999, followed by Dreamline, Onse and LG U+. In addition, the entry of cable television providers that offer HFC-based broadband Internet access services at rates lower than ours has increased competition in the broadband Internet access market. We expect industry consolidation among our competitors in the near future, and smaller competitors in the broadband market today may become larger competitors.

The following table shows the market share in the broadband Internet access market as of the dates indicated:

 

   Market Share (%) 
   KT
Corporation
   SK
Broadband
   LG U+   Others 

December 31, 2009

   42.5     23.5     15.4     18.6  

December 31, 2010

   43.1     23.1     16.1     17.7  

December 31, 2011

   43.8     23.5     15.7     17.0  
   Market Share (%) 
   KT
Corporation
   SK
Broadband
   LG U+   Others 

December 31, 2012

   44.0     24.1     15.0     16.9  

December 31, 2013

   43.1     24.4     15.6     16.9  

December 31, 2014

   42.3     25.1     15.7     16.9  

 

 

Source:Korea Communications Commission.The KCC.

Our competitors generally charge less than us for broadband Internet access service. The following table is a comparison of fees for our olleh Internet Lite service with three year mandatory subscription period with fees of our competitors for comparable services as of December 31, 2011:2014:

 

  KT
Corporation
   SK
Broadband
   LG U+   Cable
Providers (1)
   KT
Corporation
   SK
Broadband
   LG U+   Cable
Providers (1)
 

Monthly subscription fee

  (Won)25,500    (Won)25,000    (Won)25,000    (Won)20,000    25,500    25,000    25,000    20,000  

Monthly modem rental fee

   None     None     None     1,000     None     None     None     1,000  

Additional installation fee upon moving

   10,000     10,000     20,000     20,000     10,000     10,000     20,000     20,000  

 

 

Source:KT Corporation.

 

(1)These are typical fees charged by cable providers.

Data Communication Service.We had a monopoly in domestic data communication service until 1994, when LG U+ was authorized to provide the leased-line service. The data communications service market has become more competitive with limited growth during the past decade, and we primarily compete with SK Broadband and LG U+.

Value-Added Service Providers

Value-added service providers may commence operations following filing of a report to the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP. The scope of business of a value-added service provider includes specific value-added telecommunications activities (other than services reserved for network service providers), such as data communications utilizing telecommunications facilities leased from network service providers.

Specific Service Providers

Specific service providers, such as Internet phone service providers and voice resellers, started operations in Korea in 1998. We began providing Internet phone service for international long-distance calls in May 1998. Our Internet phone service also competes with international long-distance services provided by voice resellers who have also seen sharp increases in demand for their services.

Regulation

With the establishment of the MSIP in March 2013, many of the regulatory responsibilities formerly handled by the KCC have been transferred to the MSIP. Under the Framework Act of Telecommunications Basic Law and the Telecommunications Business Law, telecommunications service providers are currently classified into three categories:

network service providers, such as us, which typically provide telecommunications services with their own telecommunications networks and related facilities. Their services may include local, domestic long-distance and international long-distance telephone services, mobile communications service, paging service and trunked radio system service;

value-added service providers, which provide telecommunications services other than those services specified for network service providers, such as data communications using telecommunications facilities leased from network service providers; and

specific service providers, which are broadly defined by law as telecommunications service providers that provide network services usingAct, the telecommunications network facilities or services of network service providers.

Under the Telecommunications Basic Law and the Telecommunications Business Law, the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP now has comprehensive regulatory authority over the telecommunications industry and all network service providers.

The Korea Communications CommissionMSIP has assumed primary policy and regulatory responsibility for matters such as: (i) licensing of network service providers (the MSIP authorizes the licensing of IPTV service providers and, with the consent of the KCC, authorizes the licensing of satellite broadcasting companies); (ii) regulation of mergers and acquisitions, as well as license suspension and termination of network service providers; (iii) providing oversight on foreign ownership ratios in network service providers; and (iv) reviewing telecommunication matters as they relate to the public interest and approving ancillary telecommunication business activities. Additionally, the MSIP is responsible for a broad range of other policy and regulatory matters, including the administration and supervision of regulatory reporting by telecommunications companies, examination and analysis of accounting and business management practices in the industry, establishing and administering policies governing telecommunications service fees, value-added service providers and specific service providers, as well as supervising reporting requirements of standard telecommunications service/user contracts.

Under the revised supervisory framework, a network service provider must be licensed by the MSIP. Our license as a network service provider permits us to engage in a wide range of telecommunications services.

The KCC’s overall policy role is to play a key role in regulatory activities aimed at protecting service users in the broadcast and telecommunications market and it continues to be responsible for investigations and sanctions regarding violations by telecommunications companies, as well as for mediating disputes between service providers and users. The KCC is established under the direct jurisdiction of the President and is comprised of five standing commissioners. Commissioners of the Korea Communications CommissionKCC are appointed by the President, and the appointment of the Chairperson must be approved at a confirmation hearing at the National Assembly. The Korea Communications Commission’s policy is to promote competition in the Korean telecommunications markets through measures designed to prevent the dominant service provider in any such market from exercising its market power in such a way as to prevent the emergence and development of viable competitors. A network service provider must be licensed by the Korea Communications Commission. Our license as a network service provider permits us to engage in a wide range of telecommunications services.

Under the Use and Protection of Credit Information Act, telecommunications service providers are also required to disclose personal credit information of their customers only for the purpose of

validating and maintaining telecommunications service agreements. Korean telecommunications service providers may use their customers’ credit information only to the extent allowed by the Use and Protection of Credit Information Act, which has gained greater importance in recent years due to the occurrence of personal information leakage incidents.

The Korea Communications CommissionMSIP also has the authority to regulate the IP media market, including IP-TVIPTV services. We began offering IP-TVIPTV services with real-time high definition broadcasting onin November 17, 2008. Under the Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Act, anyone intending to engage in the IP media broadcasting business must obtain a license from the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP. The ownership of the shares of an IP media broadcasting company by a newspaper, a news agency or a foreigner is limited, and broadcasting of certain contents must obtain additional approvallimited. In March 2015, amendments to the Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Act were passed at a plenary session of the National Assembly, which will become effective three months after it is promulgated, unless the President of Korea Communications Commission.vetoes the amendments. Under such amendments, which will be in effect until June 2018, a single broadcasting operator may not have more than one-third of the market share of all paid broadcasting subscribers in Korea.

Rates

Under current regulations implementing the Telecommunications Business Act, a network service provider may set its rates at its discretion, although it must report to the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP the rates and the general terms and conditions for each type of network service provided by it. There is, however, one exception to this general rule: if a network service provider has the largest market share for a specified type of service and its revenue from that service for the previous year exceeds a specific revenue amount set by the Korea Communications Commission,MSIP, it must obtain prior approval from the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP for the rates and the general terms for that service. Each year the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP designates the service providers and the types of services for which the rates and the general terms must be approved by the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP. In 2011,2013, the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP designated us for local telephone service and SK Telecom for cellular service.mobile service, which currently remains in effect. The Korea Communications Commission,MSIP, in consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, is required to approve the rates proposed by a network service provider if (1) the proposed rates are appropriate, fair and reasonable and (2) the calculation method for the rates are appropriate and transparent.

On October 1, 2014, the Mobile Device Act, which seeks to lower the cost of communication and reduce handset factory prices by establishing fair and transparent order in the distribution of mobile telecommunication devices, went into effect. The Mobile Device Act regulates, inter alia, the sale and subsidies of mobile devices such as smartphones, with one of its purposes being to induce telecommunication operators to compete in lowering the costs of communications and encourage the manufacturers to reduce handset factory prices, while improving service quality. Under the Mobile Device Act, consumers may not be discriminated in terms of subsidies based on their age, place of residence or monthly subscription plan when using their existing mobile phones, buying a new phone or switching their mobile carriers. Furthermore, everyone, regardless of their status, is entitled to receive either a handset subsidy for the purchase of mobile phone models that were launched within the last 15 months, or a tariff discount (with the current discount rate set at 20%, effective as of April 24, 2015). The maximum amount of handset subsidy that telecommunications operators and handset manufacturers may offer is determined by Korean telecommunication regulators (such limit to be determined between250,000 and350,000, and may be adjusted every six months, with the current limit set at330,000, effective as of April 8, 2015). Telecommunications operators are also required to publicly announce the amount of handset subsidy that they offer, which may not be readjusted within one week after such announcement. In addition, telecommunications operators are prohibited from using misleading or exaggerated advertisements, such as advertisements that mobile phones are free without adequately explaining that it is preconditioned on signing up for high-priced monthly subscription plans.

Other Activities

A network service provider, such as us, must obtain the permission of the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP in order to:

 

engage in certain businesses specified in the Presidential Decree under the Telecommunications Business Act, such as the telecommunications equipment manufacturing business and the telecommunications network construction business;

change the conditions for its licenses;

 

transfer, terminate, suspend or spin off all or a part of the business for which it is licensed;

 

acquire all or a part of the business of another network service provider; or

 

enter into a merger with another network service provider.

A telephone service provider may provide some network services using the equipment it currently has byBy submitting a report to the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP, a network service provider may enter into arrangements for services to be furnished to its customers by a different telecommunications service provider and, in connection therewith, may provide its telecommunications services to, or authorize the use of all or a portion of its telecommunications facilities by, such other telecommunications service provider. The Korea Communications CommissionMSIP can revoke our licenses or order the suspension of any of our businesses if we do not comply with the regulations of the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP under the Telecommunications Business Law.Act.

The responsibilities of the Korea Communications Commission also include:

formulating the basic plan for the telecommunications industry; and

preparing periodic reports to the National Assembly of Korea regarding developments in the telecommunications industry.

In July 2011,May 2010, the Korea Communications CommissionKCC issued a guideline that limits the marketing expenditure amounts of telecommunication service providers in Korea to 20% of their revenues, with the restrictions applicable to fixed-line and mobile segments to be calculated separately. However, as of October 2013, up to(Won)150100 billion of the marketing expenditures may be applied to either segment at the discretion of the service provider. The calculation of marketing expenditure amounts under the guideline excludes advertising expenses and the calculation of revenue amounts excludes revenues from handset sales. To encourage compliance with the non-binding guideline, the Korea Communications Commission plans to release the marketing expenditure amounts of each service provider on a quarterly basis. The Korea Communications CommissionMSIP may periodically adjust the guideline to accommodate changes in market conditions.

The responsibilities of the Ministry of Knowledge EconomyMSIP include:

 

drafting and implementing plans for developing telecommunications technology;

 

fostering and providing guidance to institutions and entities that conduct research relating to telecommunications; and

 

recommending to network service providers that they invest in research and development or that they contribute to telecommunications research institutes in Korea.

In addition, since January 2000, all network service providers (other than regional paging service providers) are obligated to contribute toward the supply of “universal” telecommunications services in Korea. Telecommunications service providers designated as “universal service providers” by the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP are required to provide universal telecommunications services such as local services, local public telephone services, discount services for persons with disabilities and for certain low-income persons, telecommunications services for remote islands and wireless communication services for ships. We have been designated as a universal service provider. The costs and losses recognized by universal service providers in connection with providing these universal telecommunications services will be shared on an annual basis by all network service providers (other than regional paging service providers), including us, on a pro rata basis based on their respective net annual revenue calculated pursuant to a formula set by the Korea Communications Commission.MSIP.

Due to the amendment of the Telecommunications Business Law, effective April 9, 2001, aA network service provider must permit other network service providers, as designated by the MSIP, to co-use wirelines connecting the switching equipment to end-users, upon the request of such other network service providers. In addition, a network service provider may permit other network service providers to co-use its wireless communication systems upon the request of any of such other network service providers. The compensation method for the co-use must be determined by the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP and be settled, by fair and proper methods.

In addition, starting April 2002, we are required to lease to other companies our fixed-lines that connect subscribers to our network. This system, which is called local loop unbundling, is intended to prevent excessive investment in local loops. This system requires us to lease the portion of our copper

lines that represent our excess capacity to other companies upon their request at rates that are determined by the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP based on our cost, and taking into consideration an appropriate rate of return, to enable them to provide voice and broadband services. Revenues from local loop unbundling, if any, are recognized as revenues from miscellaneous services.businesses.

Foreign Investment

The Telecommunications Business Act restricts the ownership and control of network service providers by foreign shareholders. Foreigners, foreign governments and “foreign invested companies” may not own more than 49.0% of the issued shares with voting rights of a network service provider, including us, and a foreign shareholder may not become our largest shareholder if such shareholder holds 5.0% or more of our shares. For purposes of the Telecommunications Business Act, the term “foreign invested company” means a company in which foreigners and foreign governments hold 15.0% or more shares with voting rights in the aggregate and a foreigner or a foreign government is the largest shareholder, provided, however, that such company will not be counted as a foreign shareholder for the purposes of the above-referenced 49.0% limit if (1) it holds less than 1.0% of our total issued and outstanding shares with voting rights.rights or (2) if the largest shareholder of such company is a government or foreign entity of a country that is a counterparty to a free trade agreement with Korea, as publicly announced by the MSIP, and the MSIP determines that the fact that such foreign government or entity holds a 15.0% or greater shareholding in such company does not present a risk of harm to the public interest. (However, the calculation of the above-referenced 49% ceiling will apply to: (x) any foreign entities that have entered into any major management-related agreement with a network service provider or the shareholder(s) thereof; and (y) foreign entities that have entered into any agreement pertaining to the settlement of fees relating to the handling of international electronic telecommunications services). As of December 31, 2011, 48.32%2014, 45.3% of our common shares were owned by foreign investors. In the event that a network service provider violates the shareholding restrictions, its foreign shareholders cannot exercise voting rights for their shares in excess of such limitation, and the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP may require corrective measures be taken to comply with the ownership restrictions. There is no restriction on foreign ownership for specific service providers and value-added service providers.

Individual Shareholding Limit

Under the Telecommunications Business Act, a foreign shareholder who holds 5.0% or more of our total shares is prohibited from becoming our largest shareholder. However, any foreign shareholder who held 5.0% or more of our total shares and was our largest shareholder on or prior to May 9, 2004 is exempt from the regulations, provided that such foreign shareholder may not acquire any more of our shares. In addition, under the Telecommunications Business Act, the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP may, if it deems it necessary to preserve substantial public interests, prohibit a foreign shareholder from being our largest shareholder. In addition, the Foreign Investment Promotion Act prohibits any foreign shareholder from being our largest shareholder, if such shareholder owns 5.0% or more of our shares with voting rights. In the event that any foreigner or foreign government acquires our shares in violation of the above provisions, the Telecommunications Business Act restricts such foreign shareholder from exercising his or her voting rights with respect to common shares exceeding such threshold. The Korea Communications CommissionMSIP may also order us or the foreign shareholder to take corrective measures in respect of the excess shares within a specified period of six months or less.

Customers and Customer Billing

We typically charge residential subscribers and business subscribers similar rates for services provided. On a case-by-case basis, we also provide discount rates for some of our high-volume business subscribers. We bill all of our customers on a monthly basis. Our customers may make

payment at either payment points such as local post offices, banks or our service offices, through a direct-debit service that automatically deducts the monthly payment from a subscriber’s designated bank account, or through a direct-charge service that automatically charges the monthly payment to a subscriber’s designated credit card account. Approximately 70%79% of our subscribers as of December 31, 20112014 pay through the direct-debit service. Accounts of subscribers who fail to pay our invoice are transferred to a collection agency, which sends out a notice of payment. If such charges are not paid after notice, we cease to provide outgoing service to such subscribers after a period of

time determined by the type of subscribed service. If charges are still not paid two to three months after outgoing service is cut off, we cease all services to such subscribers. After service is ceased, the overdue charges that are not collected by the collection agency are written off.

Insurance

We carry insurance against loss or damage to all significant buildings and automobiles. Except for our insurance coverage of our satellites and Internet data centers, we do not carry insurance covering losses to outside plants or to equipment because we believe the cost of such insurance is excessive and the risk of material loss or damage is insignificant. We do not have any provisions or reserves against such loss or damage. We do not carry any business interruption insurance.

We provide co-location and a variety of value-added services including server-hosting services to a number of corporations whose business largely depends on critical data operated on our servers or on their servers located at our data centers. Any disruptions, interruptions, physical or electronic data loss, delays or slow downslowdowns in communication connections could expose us to potential liabilities for losses relating to the disrupted businesses of our customers relying on our services.

Information Technology and Operational Systems

Enhancement of our information technology and operational systems and efficient utilization of such systems are important in effectively promoting our core strategies. We are committed to continually investing in and enhancing our information technology systems, which provide support to many aspects of our businesses. In order to respond more effectively to a changing business environment, we are currently pursuing major upgrades to our company-wide business information technology and operational systems, and as the first stage of such upgrades, a new enterprise resource planning system (the “New ERP System”) is expected to bewas completed and implemented during the second half of 2012. The New ERP System is expectedhas contributed to enhanceenhancing various aspects of our internal processes and control systems, and we are establishing various plans to effectively implementutilize the New ERP System and to stabilize our internal control processes duringin connection with the transition period. We also expect to gradually implement other upgrades to our information technology and operational systems in the near future.New ERP System.

Item 4.C.Organizational Structure

These matters are discussed under Item 4.B. where relevant.

Item 4.D.Property, Plants and Equipment

Our principal fixed asset is our integrated telecommunications networks. In addition, we own buildings and real estate throughout Korea.

Our fixed-line equipment vendors and mobile equipment suppliers include well-known international and local suppliers such as Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, Cisco Systems and Apple Inc.

Mobile Networks

Our mobile network architecture includes the following components:

 

cell sites, which are physical locations equipped with base transceiver stations consisting of transmitters, receivers and other equipment used to communicate through radio channels with subscribers’ mobile telephone handsets within the range of a cell;

base station controllers, which connect to and control, the base transceiver stations;

 

mobile switching centers, which in turn control the base station controllers and the routing of telephone calls; and

 

transmission lines, which connect the mobile switching centers, base station controllers, base transceiver stations and the public switched telephone network.

The following table lists selected information regarding our mobile networks as of December 31, 2011:2014:

 

  CDMA   W-CDMA   W-CDMA   LTE 

Mobile switching centers

   35     24     74     45  

Base station controllers

   300     419     605       

Base transceiver stations

   7,614     7,391     11,956     21,180  

Indoor and outdoor repeaters

   53,826     257,946     273,458     249,827  

We have a license to use 40 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.1 GHz spectrum that we use to provide IMT-2000 services based on W-CDMA wireless network standards. Such license expires in December 2016, and we willare required to pay approximately(Won)1.3 trillion for use of such bandwidth during the license period of 15 years. In April 2010, the Korea Communications CommissionKCC announced its decision to allocate 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 900 MHz spectrum to us, which became effective in July 2011, for which we willare required to pay a portion of the actual sales generated from using the bandwidth in the 900 MHz spectrum during the license period of 10 years as a usage fee for the bandwidth, as well as a portion of expected sales that was determined by the Korea Communications CommissionKCC at the time of allocation. In June 2011, our right to use 40 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum expired, and the Korea Communications CommissionKCC allocated back to us the right to use 20 MHz of such bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum upon expiration pursuant to our application, for which we willare required to pay a portion of the actual sales generated from using the bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum during the license period of 10 years as a usage fee for the bandwidth, as well as a portion of expected sales that was determined by the Korea Communications CommissionKCC at the time of allocationallocation.

In August 2011, the Korea Communications CommissionKCC auctioned the right to use the remaining 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum that we relinquished, 10 MHz of additional bandwidth in the 800 MHz spectrum and 20 MHz of additional bandwidth in the 2.1 GHz spectrum. We acquired the right to use the 10 MHz of bandwidth in the 800 MHz spectrum, for which we willare required to pay a total usage fee of(Won)261 billion during the license period of 10 years, SK Telecom acquired the right to use the 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum and LG U+ acquired the right to use the 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.1 GHz spectrum. We began using the 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum, which became available upon termination of our 2G PCS services, to provide our 4G LTE services starting in January 2012, and expect to utilize the newly allocated bandwidths in the 800 MHz and 900 MHz spectrums to further expand our 4Gcommenced providing wideband LTE services in the future, if necessary. Furthermore,September 2013, commercialized Wideband LTE-A services in anticipation of a significant increaseMarch 2014 and began offering “Wideband LTE-A X4” services in data transmission traffic in the near future due to the changing mobile usage environment, we are seeking to maximize the utilization of our W-CDMA, Wibro and WiFi networks to provide better internet access for our customers, as well as applying our Cloud Communication Center technology to our 4G LTE services during 2012. Cloud Communications Center technology, which we applied to our 3G networks in Seoul and other metropolitan areas during 2011, allows faster and more stable access to the internet by dissipating heavy data traffic through utilization of virtual communication centers. We have also installed an intelligent network on our mobile network infrastructure to provide a wide range of advanced call features and value-added services.January 2015.

Exchanges

Exchanges include local exchanges and “toll” exchanges that connect local exchanges to long-distance transmission facilities. We had 24.023.9 million lines connected to local exchanges and 2.71.6 million lines connected to toll exchanges as of December 31, 2011.2014.

All of our exchanges are fully automatic. We completed replacement of all electromechanical analog exchanges with digital exchanges in June 2003 in order to provide higher speed and larger volume services. Starting in 2006, we also began conversion of our exchanges to be compatible to Internet protocol platform in preparation for building our next generation broadband convergence network by 2021. As of December 31, 2011, approximately 85%2014, 100% of our lines connected to toll exchanges are compatible to Internet protocol platform.

Internet Backbone

Our Internet backbone network, called KORNET, has the capacity to handle an aggregate traffic of our broadband Internet access subscribers, Internet data centers and Internet exchange system at any given moment of up to 5.16.7 Tbps as of December 31, 2011.2014. We have set up contingent plans to prepare against various incidents that could affect reliable Internet access service. Starting in 2005, we have also begun deploying our Internet protocol premium network that enables us to more reliably support olleh TV, WiBro, Internet Phone, upgraded VoIP services and other Internet protocol services. As of December 31, 2011,2014, our Internet protocol premium network had 1,0321,269 lines installed to provide voice over Internet protocol3G and LTE mobile data services, 2,674 lines installed to provide IPTV services and a total capacity to handle up to 940 Gbps1.4 Tbps of IP-TV,IPTV, voice, virtual private network (“VPN”) and WiBro service traffic.

Access Lines

As of December 31, 2011,2014, we had 15.117.1 million access lines installed, which allow us to reach virtually all homes and businesses in Korea. As part of our broadband deployment strategy, we have upgraded many of our access lines by equipping them with broadband capability using xDSL and FTTH technology. As of December 31, 2011,2014, we had approximately 13.416.2 million broadband lines with speedsspeed of at least 50 Mbps that enable us to deliver broadband Internet access and multimedia content to our customers.

Transmission Network

Our domestic fiber optic cable network consisted of 527,188673,783 kilometers of fiber optic cables as of December 31, 20112014 of which 98,048118,425 kilometers of fiber optic cables are used to connect our backbone network and 429,140555,358 kilometers are used to connect the backbone network to our subscribers. Our backbone network utilizes dense wavelength division multiplexing64Tbp Long-haul Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (“ROADM”) technology for connecting major cities as well as optical add-drop multiplexer technology for connecting neighboring cities. Dense wavelength division multiplexingROADM technology improves bandwidth efficiency by enabling transmission of data to be transmitted from multiple signals across one fiber strand in a cable byand carrying each signal on a separate wavelength. We enhanced our backbone network connecting six major cities in Korea by implementing an optical cross-connector (OXC) and access network by implementing multi-service provisioning platform (“MSPP”) architecture in 2008 and are in2008. During 2013, we completed the processconstruction of building our next generation broadband convergence network through installation of network equipment utilizing optical reconfigurable add-drop multiplexer technology and multi-service provisioning platform.by installing carrier ethernet architecture.

Our extensive domestic long-distance network is supplemented by our fully digital domestic microwave network, which consisted of 55 relay sites as of December 31, 2011.2014.

International Network

Our international network infrastructure consists of both submarine cables and satellite transmission systems, including two submarine cable-landing stations in Busan and Keoje and two satellite teleports in Kumsan and Boeun. Data services such as international private lease circuits, Internet protocol and very small aperture terminals are provided through submarine cables and satellite transmission. In order to guarantee high quality services to our end customers, our submarine cables

and satellite transmission systems are linked to various points-of-presence in the United States, Asia and Europe. In addition, our international telecommunications networks are directly linked to approximately 315210 telecommunications service providers in various international destinations and are routed through our three international switching centers in Seoul, Daejeon and Busan.

Our international Internet backbone with capacity of 270688 Gbps is connected to approximately 180 Internet service providers through our two Internet gateways in HeawhaHyehwa and Guro. In addition, we operate a video backbone with capacity of one1.5 Gbps to transmit video signals from Korea to the rest of the world.

Satellites

In order to provide broadcasting, video distribution and broadband data services in select areas, we operate two satellites, Koreasat 5 and 6, launched in 2006 and 2011,2010, respectively, and own interestscertain transponders in one additional satellite, Koreasat 8 launched in February 2014. We expect to launch two additional satellites ABS-1 launchedduring 2016, one to offer new satellite services, and the other to replace Koreasat 5. Additionally, we are currently undergoing international arbitration proceedings with ABS over the Koreasat 3 satellite, which we sold to ABS in September 2011 and ABS-2 expected to be launched in 2013.2011. See “Item 4.B. Business Overview—Our Services—Satellite Services.Miscellaneous Businesses” and “Item 8.A. Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.

International Submarine Cable Networks

International traffic is handled by telecommunications satellites and submarine cables. Because of the high cost of laying a submarine cable, the usual practice is for multiple carriers to jointly commission a new cable and share the costs and the capacity. We own interests in several international fiber optic submarine cable networks, including:

 

a 1.4% interest in the 29,000-kilometer FLAG Europe-Asia network connecting Korea, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Europe, activated since April 1997;

 

a 1.8% interest in the 39,000-kilometer Southeast Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 3 Cable Network linking 34 countries, activated since December 1999;

 

a 6.7% interest in the 30,444-kilometer China-U.S. Cable Network linking Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan and the United States, activated since January 2000;

 

a 5.1% interest in the 19,000-kilometer Asia Pacific Cable Network 2 connecting Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Philippines, Singapore and Malaysia, activated since December 2001;

 

a 20.0% interest in the 500-kilometer Korea-Japan Cable Network linking Korea and Japan, activated since March 2002; and

 

a 13.1% interest in the 16,500-kilometer Trans Pacific Express Cable Network linking Korea, China, Taiwan and the United States, activated since September 2008.

We have also invested in 8four other international fiber optic submarine cables around the world.

Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments

We do not have any unresolved comments from the Securities and Exchange Commission staff regarding our periodic reports under the Exchange Act of 1934.

Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

Item 5.A.Operating Results

The following discussion and analysis is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

Overview

We are an integrated provider of telecommunications services. Our principal services include mobile service and fixed-line services, including fixed-line telephone services, Internet services including broadband Internet access service and data communication service. The principal factors affecting our revenues from these services have been our rates for, and the usage volume of, these services, as well as the number of subscribers. For information on rates we charge for our services, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Item 4.B. Business Overview—Revenues and Rates.” WeIn addition, we derive revenues from handset sales and non-telecommunications services, including financial services. In 2014, we determined our operating segments after the merger with KTF on June 1, 2009for financial reporting purposes as (i) the Personal CustomerCustomer/Marketing Group, which engages in mobileproviding various telecommunication services to individual/home customers and wireless data communications services,the convergence business, (ii) the Home/Global & Enterprise CustomerSales Group, which engageengages in fixed-line telephonetelecommunication services Internet services including broadband Internet access servicefor the global market and corporate customers, as well as data communication service, (iii) the Finance/Rental Business Group, which engages in providing various financial services such as credit card and (iii)lending, and also engaged in the automobile rental and leasing business (an agreement to sell KT Rental to the Lotte Group for approximately1.02 trillion (with estimated proceeds to KT Corporation being approximately772 billion) was entered into in March 2015, and the sale is expected to be completed in May 2015) and (iv) others, which include security services, satellite service, information technology and network services, satellite TV service and real estate development and car rental businesses. We renamed our operating segments in 2014 in line with our current organizational structure. See Note 33 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

One of the major factors contributing to our historical performance was the growth of the Korean economy, and our future performance will depend at least in part on Korea’s general economic growth and prospects. For a description of recent developments that have had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, see “Item 3. Key Information—Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Korea is our most important market, and our current business and future growth could be materially and adversely affected if economic conditions in Korea deteriorate.” A number of other developments have had or are expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition and capital expenditures. These developments include:

 

acquisitions and disposals of interests in subsidiaries and joint ventures;

 

employee reductions and changes in severance and retirement benefits;

 

acquisition of new bandwidths and usage fees for such bandwidths;

 

changes in the rate structure for our services;

handset subsidies; and

 

researching and implementing technology upgrades and additional telecommunication services.

As a result of these factors, our financial results in the past may not be indicative of future results or trends in those results.

Acquisitions and Disposals of Interests in Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures

One key aspect of our overall business strategy calls for acquisitions of businesses and entering into joint ventures that complement or diversify our current business, as well as disposal or

termination of such businesses from time to time. The following summarizes our recent acquisitions and disposals:

in January 2011, we acquired 5,600,000 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock with voting rights and convertible bonds that are convertible into 5,600,000 shares of common stock of KT Skylife Co., Ltd. from Dutch Savings Holdings B.V. in January 2011 for approximately(Won)246 billion, to respond to the trend of convergence in the telecommunications and broadcasting industries, and to seek additional synergies with our existing operations. We exercised the conversion rights on the redeemable convertible preferred stock and the convertible bonds in March 2011, and owned a 50.3% interest in KT Skylife Co., Ltd. as of December 31, 2011;

in June and October 2011, we sold a total of 5,309,189 common shares of New Telephone Company, Inc., representing all of our interests in New Telephone Company, Inc., for approximately(Won)380 billion. Located in Russia, New Telephone Company, Inc. had previously been our consolidated subsidiary providing fixed-line telephone services in Vladivostok, and our decision to dispose of our interest in that company was in part affected by the changing landscape in the Russian telecommunications market, where telecommunications service providers were becoming more nationalized and increasing rapidly in size as a result;

 

in October 2011, we, through our subsidiary KT Capital Co., Ltd., acquired an additional 1,622,520 common shares of BC Card Co., Ltd. from Woori Bank, Busan Bank and Shinhan Card for approximately(Won)252 billion, to further diversify our business and to create synergies through utilization of our mobile telecommunications network in financial services, thereby increasing our ownership interest in BC Card Co., Ltd. to 38.86%, making it our consolidated subsidiary as a result of deemed control;control starting in October 2011. We acquired an additional 1,349,920 common shares of BC Card Co., Ltd. in January 2012 for approximately287 billion, and owned a 69.54% interest in BC Card Co., Ltd. as of December 31, 2014.

 

starting in December 2011, weJuly 2012, KT Rental Co., Ltd., our then-58.0% owned subsidiary, became our consolidated subsidiary as a result of the acquisition of KT Rental’s common stock by Hana Daetoo Securities Co., Ltd. and other investors from the then-second largest shareholder in July 2012, and the restriction on our control over KT Rental pursuant to a shareholders’ agreement being resolved as a result. An agreement to sell KT Rental to the Lotte Group for approximately1.02 trillion (with estimated proceeds to KT Corporation being approximately772 billion) was entered into a memorandum of understanding for a strategic partnership with,in March 2015, and acquisition ofthe sale is expected to be completed in May 2015.

in October 2014, we acquired 4,000,000 treasury shares of Telkom SA Limited,ktis Corporation, an equity-method investee which provides telephone number directory services, for approximately36 billion, thereby increasing our ownership interest to 29.3% as of December 31, 2014 and making it our consolidated subsidiary as a South African comprehensive telecommunications service provider. The proposed transaction with Telkom SA Limited may require significant capital resources ifresult of deemed control starting from October 2014. See Note 39 to the acquisition is eventually successful.Consolidated Financial Statements.

in October 2014, we, through our subsidiary KT Hitel Co., Ltd., acquired 4,800,000 treasury shares of ktcs Corporation, an equity-method investee which provides telephone number directory services, for approximately37 billion, thereby increasing our ownership interest to 30.3% as of December 31, 2014 and making it our consolidated subsidiary as a result of deemed control starting from October 2014. See Note 39 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our financial condition and results of operations may be affected as a result of such acquisitions, disposals or disposals.consolidation. Furthermore, pursuing acquisitions or joint venture transactions also requires significant capital, and as we pursue further growth opportunities for the future, we may need to raise additional capital by incurring loans or through the issuances of bonds or other securities in the international capital markets, which may lead to increased levels of debt and debt servicing costs in the future.

Employee Reductions and Changes in Severance and Retirement Benefits

We regularly sponsor a voluntary early retirement planplans where we provide additional financial incentives for our employees who have been employed by us for more than 20 years to retire early, as part of our efforts to improve operational efficiencies. In 2009,April 2014, in addition to our usual voluntary early retirement plan, we held a special voluntary early retirement program in December 2009 where we received applications for voluntary early retirement fromprovided employees who had been employed by us for more than 15 years and provided them with additional financial incentives to retire early.early or employment for two years at certain of our

subsidiaries or affiliates. The special voluntary early retirement program resulted in the early retirement of 5,992 employees out of 25,340 eligible8,304 employees. In aggregate, 6,5158,345 employees retired in 20092014 under the voluntary early retirement plan and the special voluntary early retirement program. In 20102012 and 2011, 1242013, 183 and 334269 employees, respectively, retired under our voluntary early retirement plan. We paid approximately1.3 trillion as post-employment benefits in connection with this special early retirement program.

Acquisition of New Bandwidth and Usage Fees for Such Bandwidths

One of the principal limitations on a wireless network’s subscriber capacity is the amount of bandwidth spectrum allocated to the service provider. The growth of our mobile telecommunications business and the increase in usage of wireless data transmission services have been significant factors in the increased utilization of our bandwidth, since wireless data applications are generally more bandwidth-intensive than voice services. The current trend of increasing data transmission use and the increasing sophistication of multimedia content is likely to put additional strain on the bandwidth capacity of mobile service providers. We have acquired various licenses in recent years to secure additional bandwidth capacity to provide our broad range of services, for which we typically pay a portion of the actual sales generated from using the bandwidth during the license period as a usage fee, as well as a portion of expected sales as determined by the Korea Communications CommissionKCC at the time of allocation. For

In August 2013, the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning further auctioned 50 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum, which had been used by governmental entities such as the military, and 80 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.6 GHz spectrum, which had been used for digital multimedia broadcasting services. We acquired the right to use 15 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum, for which we are required to pay a descriptiontotal usage fee of approximately900 billion during a license period of eight years. SK Telecom acquired the right to use 35 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum and LG U+ acquired the right to use 40 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.6 GHz spectrum. In September 2013, we commenced providing wideband LTE services, which utilizes our adjoining 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum to provide transmission speed of up to 150 Mbps, twice faster than those offered under standard LTE services. SK Telecom also began providing its wideband LTE services in September 2013 and LG U+ commenced providing its wideband LTE services in January 2014. In March 2014, our wideband LTE services covered five metropolitan cities in Korea, and we expanded our wideband LTE services to all of Korea in July 2014. As of December 31, 2014, the number of our licenses, see “Item 4.D.—Property, PlantsLTE subscribers exceeded 10.5 million. Furthermore, in March 2014, we commercialized Wideband LTE-A services, which interconnects our 20 MHz of bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum used to offer wideband LTE services with the 10 MHz of bandwidth in the 900 MHz spectrum used to offer standard LTE services by utilizing inter-band carrier aggregation technology to support transmission speed of up to 225 Mbps, and Equipment—Mobile Networks.” In orderbegan additionally interconnecting 10 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.1 GHz spectrum in January 2015 to continuesupport transmission speed of up to maintain sufficient bandwidth capacity, we will require additional capital to renew existing bandwidth spectrum or receive additional bandwidth allocation, or cost-effectively implement technologies that enhance bandwidth usage efficiency.300 Mbps under the “Wideband LTE-A X4” service.

Changes in the Rate Structure for Our Services

Periodically, we adjust our rate structure for our services. For example, we completely abolished our mobile activation fee in March 2015 in line with government policy objectives. In order to mitigate the impact from lower usage charges of local and domestic long-distance calls, we have increased our basic monthly charges and offer various optional flat rate plans for our fixed-line subscribers. Such adjustments in the rate structure have increased the portion of fixed income and stabilized our cash flow. In addition, because the growing use of mobile telecommunications services has decreased the usage of our fixed-line telephone services, we believe we are able to maximize our revenues from fixed-line telephone services by adjusting the rate structure so as to increase our basic monthly charges. We also provide bundled packages of our various services at a discount in order to attract additional subscribers to our new services. We currently bundle our broadband Internet access service with WiBro, IP-TV,IPTV, Internet phone, fixed-line telephone service, internet phone servicesWiBro, and mobile services, at a discount.

The Korea Communications Commission,MSIP, in consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, currently approves rates charged by us for local telephone service. In addition, the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP currently does not regulate our domestic long-distance, international long-distance, broadband internet access and mobile service rates, but it periodically announces public policy guidelines or suggestions on tariffs for non-regulated services, which we have followed in the past. For a discussion of adjustments in our rate structure, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Item 4.B. Business Overview—Revenues and Rates.”

Handset Subsidies

In March 2008, the Government removed a prohibition on the provision of handset subsidies and allowed mobile service providers to subsidize the purchase of new handsets by certain qualifying customers. In order to compete more effectively, we began providing such handset subsidies, which increased, and may in the future increase, our marketing expenses. We provide handset subsidies to subscribers who agree to use our service for a predetermined service period and purchase handsets on an installment basis. Generally, handset subsidies may be provided to any subscriber that uses our service and purchases handsets either directly from us or through third parties. Since we do not recognize revenues from sales of handsets by third parties, the trends between our handset sales and our provision for handset subsidies are not necessarily correlated. The amount recognized as a provision for handset subsidies is our best estimate of the expenditure required to settle current obligations to relevant subscribers at the end of the reporting period, which is calculated as the sum of the present values of the monthly balances for handset subsidies over the relevant service periods, taking into account the customer retention rate for relevant subscribers. In May 2010, the KCC announced a guideline recommending that telecommunication service providers limit their marketing expenses to 22.0% of their annual sales, and the limit was subsequently lowered to 20.0% of their annual sales for the years 2013, 2012 and 2011. Such marketing expenses include initial commissions, monthly commissions and retention commissions paid to our authorized dealers and subscribers, including handset subsidies, but do not include advertising expenses. This guideline remains effective. While the guideline is not binding, we, as well as our competitors, nonetheless try to adhere to such guideline when feasible, which may have a material adverse effect on our businesses and results of operations. Furthermore, failure to comply with rules, regulations and corrective orders may lead to suspension of our business or imposition of monetary penalties.

For example, based on investigations conducted in December 2012 and January 2013, the KCC imposed a combined fine of approximately12 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us in January 2013 (our fine being approximately2.9 billion), for providing subsidies that were higher than those allowed under current regulations to new mobile phone purchasers and subscribers, and also imposed temporary suspensions from recruiting new subscribers ranging from 20 days to 24 days. In March 2013, the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately5 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately1.6 billion) for continuing to offer subsidies during the suspension period. In July 2013, the KCC imposed a combined fine of approximately67 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately20 billion) and also imposed a seven day suspension on us from recruiting new subscribers, also in connection with providing excessive handset subsidies to new subscribers. In December 2013, the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately106 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately30 billion), which is the largest fine ever imposed by the KCC on local mobile operators for providing excessive subsidies to new subscribers. In March 2014, the MSIP imposed a 45-day suspension on each of us, SK Telecom and LG U+ from recruiting new subscribers as a result of continuing to offer excessive handset subsidies to new subscribers, despite the order from the KCC prohibiting such subsidies. In August 2014, the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately58 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately11 billion) for providing excessive handset subsidies, and also imposed temporary suspensions on recruiting new subscribers for seven days on SK Telecom and LG U+. In December 2014, the KCC further imposed a fine of approximately8 billion on each of SK Telecom, LG U+ and us for providing excessive handset subsidies

and in March 2015 the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately34 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately9 billion) for violation of regulations relating to handset sales, in connection with a used handset buyback program that we and the other telecommunications operators were promoting. Any further suspension of our business or imposition of monetary penalties by the Government could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Furthermore, on October 1, 2014, the Mobile Device Act, which seeks to lower the cost of communication and reduce handset factory prices by establishing fair and transparent order in the distribution of mobile telecommunication devices, went into effect. The Mobile Device Act regulates, inter alia, the sale and subsidies of mobile devices such as smartphones, with one of its purposes being to induce telecommunication operators to compete in lowering the costs of communications and encourage the manufacturers to reduce handset factory prices, while improving service quality. Under the Mobile Device Act, consumers may not be discriminated in terms of subsidies based on their age, place of residence or monthly subscription plan when using their existing mobile phones, buying a new phone or switching their mobile carriers. Furthermore, everyone, regardless of their status, is entitled to receive either a handset subsidy for the purchase of mobile phone models that were launched within the last 15 months, or a tariff discount (with the current discount rate set at 20%, effective as of April 24, 2015). The maximum amount of handset subsidy that telecommunications operators and handset manufacturers may offer is determined by Korean telecommunication regulators (such limit to be determined between250,000 and350,000, and may be adjusted every six months, with the current limit set at330,000, effective as of April 8, 2015). Telecommunications operators are also required to publicly announce the amount of handset subsidy that they offer, which may not be readjusted within one week after such announcement. In addition, telecommunications operators are prohibited from using misleading or exaggerated advertisements, such as advertisements that mobile phones are free without adequately explaining that it is preconditioned on signing up for high-priced monthly subscription plans.

Researching and Implementing Technology Upgrades and Additional Telecommunication Services

The telecommunications industry is characterized by continual advances and improvements in telecommunications technology, and we have been continually researching and implementing technology upgrades and additional telecommunication services to maintain our competitiveness. For example, we are currentlycontinually upgrading our broadband network to enable better FTTH connection, which enhances downstreamprovides speed of up to 1 Gbps and better connection quality. FTTH is a telecommunication architecture in which a communication path is provided over optical fiber cables extending from the telecommunications operator’s switching equipment to the boundary of home or office. FTTH uses fiber optic cable, which is able to carry a high-bandwidth signal for longer distances without degradation. FTTH enables us to deliver enhanced products and services that require high bandwidth, such as IP-TV serviceIPTV, and delivery of other digital media content. content with stronger stability.

In addition, we have been building more advanced mobile telecommunications networks based on LTE technology, which is generally referred

to as a 4G technology, and commenced providing commercial 4G LTE services in the Seoul metropolitan area onin January 3, 2012. We completed the expansion of our 4G LTE service coverage nationwide in October 2012. We commenced providing wideband LTE services in September 2013, which we expanded nationwide in July 2014, and commercialized Wideband LTE-A services in March 2014, and began additionally interconnecting 10 MHz of bandwidth in the 2.1 GHz spectrum in January 2015 to 84 cities throughout Korea in April 2012. LTE technology enables data to be transmitted at speeds faster than W-CDMA, up to 75 Mbps for downloading and up to 37.5 Mbps for uploading. We expect that the faster datasupport transmission speed of up to 300 Mbps under the LTE network, combined with our existing 4G nationwide WiBro network, will allow us to offer significantly improved wireless data transmission services, providing our subscribers with faster wireless access to multimedia content. We will continue to make capital expenditures, incur research and development expenses and implement technology upgrades and additional telecommunications services in order to effectively implement continual advances and improvements in telecommunications technology.“Wideband LTE-A X4” service, as discussed above.

Critical Accounting Policies

We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. These accounting principles require our management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the years reported. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

The fundamental objective of financial reporting is to provide useful information that allows a reader to comprehend our business activities. To aid in that understanding, our management has identified “critical accounting estimates.” These estimates have the potential to have a more significant impact on our financial statements, either because of the significance of the financial statement item to which they relate, or because they require judgment and estimation due to the uncertainty involved in measuring, at a specific point in time, events which are continuous in nature.

These critical accounting estimates include:

 

allowances for doubtful accounts;

 

useful lives of property, equipment, intangible assets and equipment;investment property;

 

impairment of long-lived assets, including goodwill;

 

valuation and impairment of investment securities;

 

income taxes;

 

deferred revenue relating to service installation fees and initial subscription fees;

 

definedpost-employment benefit liability;liabilities; and

 

provisions.

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of impairment losses incurred on our existing notes and accounts receivable. We determine the allowance for doubtful notes

and accounts receivable based on an aging analysis of balances, historical write-off experience, customer’s or counterparty’s credit ratings and changes in payment terms. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Our past experience shows that the possibility of collection is remote after three years of collection effort.

Changes in the allowances for doubtful accounts for our trade and other receivables during 2010 and 2011in the three-year period ended December 31, 2014 are summarized as follows:

 

  Year Ended December 31,   Year Ended December 31, 
        2010             2011         2012 2013 2014 
  (In millions of Won)   (In millions of Won) 

Balance at beginning of year

  (Won)625,483   (Won)646,963    642,475   644,058   678,262  

Provision

   158,147    133,442     113,808    160,166    199,135  

Reversal or written-off

   (131,931  (167,356   (127,189  (127,206  (141,194

Changes in the scope of consolidation

   (2,501  26,970     12,119    2,687    3,425  

Others

   (2,235  2,338     2,845    (1,443  (1,365
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balance at end of year

  (Won)646,963   (Won)642,357    644,058   678,262   738,263  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Changes in the allowances for doubtful accounts for our loans receivables during 2010 and 2011in the three-year period ended December 31, 2014 are summarized as follows:

 

  Year Ended December 31,   Year Ended December 31, 
        2010             2011         2012 2013 2014 
  (In millions of Won)   (In millions of Won) 

Balance at beginning of year

  (Won)20,536   (Won)35,583    43,587   65,196   73,075  

Provision

   30,808    30,808     32,914    40,743    31,656  

Reversal or written-off

   (8,470  (22,804   (12,210  (30,448  (23,618

Others

   (7,291       905    (2,416  (2,010
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balance at end of year

  (Won)35,583   (Won)43,587    65,196   73,075   79,103  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

If economic or specific industry trends change, we would adjust our allowances for doubtful accounts by recording additional expense or benefit. Our study shows that a 5.0% decrease or increase in the historical write-off experience would increase or decrease the provision for doubtful accounts by approximately(Won)1 billion as of December 31, 2011.

Useful Lives of Property, Equipment, Intangible Assets and EquipmentInvestment Property

Property and equipment, intangible assets and investment properties (excluding land, condominium memberships, golf club memberships and broadcasting concession) are depreciated using the straight-line method over their useful lives as disclosed in Note 2.113.8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. An asset’s residual value and useful lives are reviewed and adjusted at the end of each financial reporting period, and are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as taking into account anticipated technological or other changes. If technological changes were to occur more rapidly than anticipated or in a different form than anticipated, the useful lives assigned to these assets may need to be shortened, resulting in the recognition of increased depreciation expense in future periods. A decrease of remaining estimated useful life by one year of our property and equipment would result in an increase of depreciation expense of approximately(Won)193294 billion in 2011.2014.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, including Goodwill

Long-lived assets generally consist of property and equipment and intangible assets, including goodwill. We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances

indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In addition, we evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment each year as part of our annual forecasting process. An impairment loss would be recognized when the asset’s recoverable amount is less than its carrying amount. The recoverable amount of a long-lived asset is the greater of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units). The recoverable amounts of cash-generating units are determined based on value-in-use calculations, which requiretheir value in use calculated by applying the use of estimates.annual discount rate ranging from 5.59% to 11.42% (depending on the segment) to the estimated future cash flows based on financial budgets for the next five years. Annual growth rates ranging from 0.0% to 1.5% were applied for the cash flows expected to be incurred after five years. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated recovery value.

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price paid over the fair value assigned to the identifiable net assets of acquired businesses. The determination of the fair values of goodwill is based on management’s judgment on the expected cash flows of the cash-generating units to which the goodwill is allocated, taking market demand, competition and other economic factors into consideration. The determination of impairments of goodwill involves the use of estimates that include, but are not limited to, the cause, timing and amount of the impairment. Impairment is based on a large number of factors, such as changes in current competitive conditions, expectations of growth in the telecommunications industry, a decline in our expected future cash flows, changes in the future availability of financing, technological obsolescence, discontinuance of services, current replacement costs and prices paid in comparable transactions. The determination of impairment of goodwill requires a significant amount of management’s judgment.

Valuation and Impairment of Financial Assets

The fair value of financial instruments, including derivative instruments, that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. Our management uses its judgment to select a variety of methods and makes assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the end of each reporting period.

We record rights and obligations arising from derivative instruments as assets and liabilities, which are stated at fair value. Gains and losses that result from a change in the fair value of derivative instruments are recognized in current earnings. However, for derivative instruments that qualify for cash flow hedge accounting, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instruments are recorded as gain or loss on valuation of derivatives for cash flow hedge included in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, as applicable.

For financial assets, including assets carried at amortized cost and those classified as available-for-sale, we make an annual assessment at the end of each reporting date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. For financial assets carried at amortized cost and available-for-sale debt assets, such asset is considered impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events (a “loss event”) that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, which had an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset that can reliably be estimated. For equity investments classified as available-for-sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost, in addition to circumstances described below, may be considered as evidence that the asset is impaired.

For assets carried at amortized cost, the amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate, and the carrying amount of the asset is reduced and the amount of loss is recognized in the statement of income. Loss on such asset may also be measured based on observable market price if

there is an active market for the asset. For assets classified as available-for-sale, the cumulative loss, measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current fair value and recognized as accumulated other comprehensive income, less any impairment loss on such financial asset previously recognized in profit or loss, is removed from equity and recognized in the statement of income.

Significant management judgment is involved in evaluating whether a loss event has occurred. The estimates and assumptions used by management to evaluate whether a loss event has occurred can be impacted by many factors, such as the financial condition, earnings capacity and near-term prospects of the company in which we have invested, breach of contract such as default or delinquency in payments, disappearance of an active market for the financial asset and other adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers in the portfolio. The evaluation of these investments is also subject to the overall condition of the economy and its impact on the capital markets.

Income Taxes

We are required to estimate the amount of tax payable or refundable for the current year and the deferred income tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in our financial statements or tax returns. This process requires management to make assessments regarding the timing and probability of the tax impact. Actual income taxes could vary from these estimates due to future changes in income tax law or unpredicted results from the final determination of each year’s liability by taxing authorities.

We believe that the accounting estimate related to assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets is a “critical accounting estimate” because: (1) it requires management to make assessments about the timing of future events, including the probability of expected future taxable income and available tax planning opportunities, and (2) the impact that changes in actual performance versus these estimates could have on the realization of tax benefits as reported in our results of operations could be material. Management’s assumptions require significant judgment because actual performance has fluctuated in the past and may continue to do so.

Deferred Revenue relating to Service Installation Fees and Initial Subscription Fees

We charge service installation fees and initial subscription fees related to activation of many of our services, which are deferred and recognized as revenue over the expected terms of customer relationships. Our estimate of expected terms of customer relationship is based on the historical rate, which may differ in the future. If the management’s estimation is amended, it may cause significant differences in the timing of revenue recognition and amount recognized.

DefinedPost-employment Benefit LiabilityLiabilities

Our accounting of employeepost-employment benefits, which mainly consist of a defined benefit plan (we began offering a defined contribution plan in December 2012), involves judgments about uncertain events including discount rates, life expectancy and future pay inflation and expected rate of return on plan assets.inflation. Any changes in these assumptions will impact the carrying amount of the defined benefit liability. The discount rates used to determine the present value of estimated future cash outflows expected to be required to settle the defined benefit liability, are determined at the end of each reporting period by reference to the yield at the reporting date on high-quality corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of our benefits obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. Other key assumptions for defined benefit liability are based in part on current market conditions. For defined contribution plans, we pay contributions to publicly or privately administered pension insurance plans on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis, and we have no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid.

Provisions

We recognize provisions at the end of the reporting period when we have a present legal or constructive obligation, such as litigation or assets requirement obligations, as a result of past events

and an outflow of resources required to settle the obligation is probable and can be reliably estimated. We measure provisions at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation, which are estimated based on factors such as historical experience. We do not recognize provisions for future operating losses and recognize as interest expense any increase in the provisions due to passage of time. See Notes 2.23,2.22, 3.7 and 1817 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Explanatory Note Regarding Presentation of Certain Financial Information under K-IFRS

In addition to preparing financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB included in this annual report, we also prepare financial statements in accordance with K-IFRS, which we are required to file with the Financial Services Commission and the Korea Exchange under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act of Korea.

During the three years ended December 31, 2014, we are required to adopt certain amendments and interpretations to K-IFRS, relating to presentation of operating profit. Additionally, under K-IFRS, revenue from the development and sale of real estate is recognized using the percentage of completion method. However, under IFRS as issued by the IASB, revenue from the development and sale of real estate is recognized when an individual unit of residential real estate is delivered to the buyer. Furthermore, in connection with the exercise of early redemption rights for certain commercial paper guaranteed by KT ENS, our previously consolidated subsidiary, we recognized financial losses relating to the resulting estimation of guarantee liabilities in our consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB for the year ended December 31, 2013 (which were issued on April 28, 2014), which were not reflected in our financial statements prepared in accordance with K-IFRS for the year ended December 31, 2013 (which were issued on March 13, 2014) as it was not possible to make a reasonable estimate of the liabilities at the time of issuing the K-IFRS financial statements. We subsequently reflected such losses in our K-IFRS financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014. As a result, the presentation of operating results in our consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB included in this annual report differs from the presentation of operating results in our consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with K-IFRS. The table below sets forth a reconciliation of our operating profit and net income or loss as presented in our consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB for each of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 to our operating profit and net income or loss in our consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with K-IFRS, for each of the corresponding years, taking into account such differences:

   For the Year Ended December 31, 
           2012                  2013                   2014         
   (In millions of Won) 

Operating profit (loss) under IFRS as issued by the IASB

  1,680,099   323,384    (662,403

Effect of changes in operating income presentation

   (470,866  493,589     389,517  

Revenue recognition of development and sale of real estate

       22,370     (18,767
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating profit (loss) under K-IFRS

  1,209,233   839,343    (291,653
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

   For the Year Ended December 31, 
           2012                   2013                  2014         
   (In millions of Won) 

Net income(loss) under IFRS as issued by the IASB

  1,136,973    (87,745 (941,413

Profit before income tax

     

Revenue recognition of development and sale of real estate

        22,370    (18,767

Guarantee liabilities and loss (KT ENS)

        10,538    (10,538

Income tax

        (5,414  4,542  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income(loss) under K-IFRS

  1,136,973    (60,251 (966,176
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements under IFRS

For a summary of new standards, amendments and interpretations issued under IFRS as issued by the IASB but not effective for 2014, and which have not been adopted early by us, see Note 2.2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Operating Revenues and Operating Expenses

Operating Revenues

Our operating revenues primarily consist of:

 

fees related to our mobile services, including initial subscription fees, monthly fees, usage charges for outgoing calls, usage charges for wireless data transmission, contents download fees, mobile-to-mobile interconnection revenues and value-added monthly service fees;

fees from our fixed-line telephone services, including:

 

 Ø 

local service revenues, primarily consisting of (i) basic monthly charges and monthly usage charges (or fixed monthly charges for discount plans), (ii) revenuesfees from value-addedour fixed-line telephone services, including local telephone directory assistance, call waiting and caller identification services, (iii) interconnection fees we charge to fixed-line and mobile service providers for their use of our local network in providing their services and (iv) revenues from local calls placed from public telephones;which include:

 

 Ø 

monthly basic charges, which are one-time or monthly fixed charges primarily consisting of (i) non-refundable installation fees; and (ii) basic monthly charges from local telephone services (or fixed monthly charges for discount plans);

 

 Ø 

domestic long-distance service revenues,monthly usage charges, which are usage fees based on the amount of services used, primarily consisting of (i) monthly usage charges (or fixed monthly charges for discount plans),local telephone and domestic long distance services; (ii) interconnection fees we charge to fixed-line and mobile service providers and voice resellers for their use of our domestic long-distance network in providing their services and (iii) revenues from domestic long-distance calls placed from public telephones;

Ø

international long-distance service revenues, primarily consisting of (i)(primarily (a) amounts we bill to our customers for outgoing calls made to foreign countries, (ii)(b) amounts we bill to foreign telecommunications carriers for connection to the domestic telephone network in respect of incoming calls at the applicable settlement rate, and (c) other revenues, including revenues from international leased lines); (iii) amountsland-to-mobile and land-to-land interconnection revenues; (iv) interconnection fees we charge to fixed-line and mobile service providers and voice resellers as interconnection fees for usingtheir use of our local, domestic long-distance and international networknetworks in providing their services and (iv) other revenues, including revenues from international calls placed from public telephones and international leased lines;services; and

 

 Ø 

land-to-mobile interconnection revenues;other revenues from (i) value-added services, including “1588” intelligent network call services, local telephone directory assistance, call waiting and caller identification services; and (ii) local, domestic long-distance and international calls placed from public telephones.

 

Internet service revenues which consist of:

Ø

Internet service revenues which consist of:

 

 Ø 

broadband Internet access service revenues, primarily consisting of installation fees and basic monthly charges; and

 

 Ø 

other Internet-related service revenues related to our infrastructure and solution services for business enterprises, IP-TVIPTV and network portal services;

Ø

data communications service revenues, primarily consisting of installation fees and basic monthly charges for our leased line services and Kornet Internet connection service and revenues from our satellite services;

 

revenues from goods sold that are generated primarily through sale of mobile handsets and specially designed phones for fixed-line and mobile convergence services;

data communicationsfinancial service revenues, primarily consisting of installation fees and basic monthly charges forfrom credit card services provided by BC Card Co., Ltd., which became our leased line services and Kornet Internet connection service and revenues from our satellite services;consolidated subsidiary starting in October 2011; and

 

miscellaneous revenues that are primarily derived from credit card services, information technology and network services, satellite services, security services and real estate developmentdevelopment.

We also generated revenues from automobile rental services, primarily consisting of fees generated from automobile rentals and car rental businesses.leases by KT Rental Co., Ltd., which became our consolidated subsidiary starting in July 2012. An agreement to sell KT Rental to the Lotte Group for approximately1.02 trillion (with estimated proceeds to KT Corporation being approximately772 billion) was entered into in March 2015, and the sale is expected to be completed in May 2015.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses primarily include:

 

purchase of handsets,inventories, primarily consisting of our sale of mobile handsets and specially designed phones for fixed-line mobile convergence services;

 

salaries and wages, including post-employment benefits, termination benefits and share-based payments;

 

depreciation expenses incurred primarily in connection with our telecommunications network facilities;

 

sales commissions, primarily consisting of commissions to independent dealers related to procurement of mobile subscribers and mobile handset sales;

 

commissions, primarily consisting of commission-based payments for third-party outsourcing services, including commissions to the call center staff;

card service costs, primarily consisting of costs in connection with credit card services provided by BC Card Co., Ltd., including fees paid to member credit card companies in our network for marketing expenses and for costs associated with the present value and default risks of installment card charges which are borne by such member companies;

service cost, primarily consisting of payments for third-party outsourcing services, including payments for software development and design, data analysis and processing, and installment and maintenance of IT and satellite equipment; and

 

interconnection charges, which are interconnection payments to mobiletelecommunication service providers for calls from landline users and our mobile subscribers to our competitors’ mobile service subscribers.

Operating Results—20102013 Compared to 20112014

The following table presents selected income statement data and changes therein for 20102013 and 2011.2014:

 

   For the Year Ended
December 31,
  Changes 
   2010 vs. 2011 
   2010   2011  Amount  % 
   (In billions of Won) 

Operating revenues

  (Won)20,326    (Won)21,990   (Won)1,664    8.2

Operating expenses

   18,318     20,016    1,698    9.3  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

Operating profit

   2,008     1,974    (34  (1.7

Finance income

   239     267    28    11.7  

Finance expenses

   599     640    41    6.8  

Income (loss) from jointly controlled entities and associates

   33     (3  (36  N.A.  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

Profit from continuing operations before income tax

   1,681     1,598    (83  (5.0

Income tax expense

   396     317    (79  (19.9

Profit from discontinued operations

   30     171    141    470.0  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

Profit for the period

  (Won)1,315    (Won)1,452   (Won)137    10.4
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  
   For the Year Ended
December 31,
  Changes 
   2013 vs. 2014 
   2013  2014  Amount  % 
   (In billions of Won) 

Operating revenues

  24,058   23,727   (331  (1.4)% 

Revenue

   23,729    23,469    (260  (1.1

Others

   329    258    (71  (21.6

Operating expenses

   23,734    24,390    656    2.8  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Operating profit (loss)

   323    (662  (985  N.A.  

Finance income

   279    255    (24  (8.6

Finance costs

   (648  (818  (170  26.2  

Income from jointly controlled entities and associates

   7    18    11    157.1  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Loss from continuing operations before income tax

   (38  (1,208  (1,170  3,078.9  

Income tax expense (benefit)

   50    (266  (316  N.A.  

Loss for the period from continuing operations

   (88  (941  (853  969.3  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Loss for the period

  (88 (941  (853  969.3
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

N.A. means not available.

N.A.means not available.

Operating Revenues

The following table presents a breakdown of our operating revenues and changes therein for 20102013 and 2011.2014:

 

  For the Year Ended
December 31,
   Changes   For the Year Ended
December 31,
   Changes 
  2010 vs. 2011   2013 vs. 2014 
  2010   2011   Amount %   2013   2014   Amount % 
  (In billions of Won)   (In billions of Won) 

Mobile services

  (Won)6,944    (Won)6,813    (Won)(131  (1.9)%   6,711    7,103    392    5.8

Fixed-line services

   7,179     6,853     (326  (4.5

Fixed-line telephone services:

              

Local service revenues

   2,568     2,286     (282  (11.0

Non-refundable service installation fees

   55     38     (17  (30.9

Domestic long-distance revenues

   403     308     (95  (23.6

International long-distance revenues

   366     398     32    8.7  

Land-to-mobile interconnection revenues

   949     782     (167  (17.6

Monthly Basic Charges

   749     695     (54  (7.2

Monthly Usage Charges

   1,462     1,238     (224  (15.3

Others

   773     678     (95  (12.3
  

 

   

 

   

 

    

 

   

 

   

 

  

Sub-total

   4,341     3,812     (529  (12.2   2,984     2,611     (373  (12.5

Internet services:

              

Broadband internet access service

   1,900     1,868     (32  (1.7   2,011     1,934     (77  (3.8

Other Internet-related services

   680     867     187    27.5     985     1,160     175    17.8  
  

 

   

 

   

 

    

 

   

 

   

 

  

Sub-total

   2,580     2,735     155    6.0     2,996     3,094     98    3.3  

Data communication services

   1,199     1,148     (51  (4.3

Sale of goods

   3,899     4,379     480    12.3     4,066     3,478     (588  (14.5

Data communication services

   1,298     1,271     (27  (2.1

Financial services

   3,274     4,074     800    24.4  

Automobile rental service

   606     769     163    26.9  

Other

   1,264     2,980     1,716    135.8     2,222     1,450     (772  (34.7
  

 

   

 

   

 

    

 

   

 

   

 

  

Total operating revenues

  (Won)20,326    (Won)21,990    (Won)1,664    8.2  24,058    23,727    (331  (1.4)% 
  

 

   

 

   

 

    

 

   

 

   

 

  

N.A. means not available.

Total operating revenues increaseddecreased by 8.2%1.4%, or(Won)1,664331 billion, from(Won)20,32624,058 billion in 20102013 to(Won)21,99023,727 billion in 20112014 primarily due to increasesdecreases in our other operatingservice revenues, and sale of goods relating to mobile handset sales,and fixed-line telephone service revenues, the impact of which was partially offset by a decreaseincreases in our fixed-line telephonefinancial service revenues and mobile service revenues.

Mobile Services

Our mobile service revenues decreasedincreased by 1.9%5.8%, or(Won)131392 billion, from(Won)6,9446,711 billion in 20102013 to(Won)6,8137,103 billion in 20112014 primarily due to various rate reduction measures we adopteda 5.3% increase in August 2011 upon discussion withour mobile subscribers from approximately 16,454,000 as of December 31, 2013 to approximately 17,328,000 as of December 31, 2014. Such increase in our mobile subscribers was further enhanced by an increase in our average revenue per user, resulting from the Korea Communications Commission,launching of our wideband LTE services in September 2013 and Wideband LTE-A services in March 2014, as wideband LTE and Wideband LTE-A service products generally have higher rates due to the greater amount of data included in such rates.

Fixed-line Services

Our fixed-line service revenues decreased by 4.5%, or326 billion, from7,179 billion in 2013 to6,853 billion in 2014 primarily due to decreases in fixed-line telephone service revenues and data communication service revenues, the impact of which was partially offset by an increase in our internet service revenues.

Fixed-line Telephone Services. Our fixed-line telephone service revenues decreased by 12.5%, or373 billion, from2,984 billion in 2013 to2,611 billion in 2014 primarily due to decreases in monthly usage charges, monthly basic charges and other fixed-line telephone service revenues. Specifically:

Monthly basic charges decreased by 7.2%, or54 billion, from749 billion in 2013 to695 billion in 2014 primarily due to a 2.1% decrease in the number of our telephone lines in service from 14.0 million in 2013 to 13.7 million in 2014 and an increase in the number of our fixed-line subscribers who participate in our bundled products that offer discounts when subscribing to our other services.

Monthly usage charges decreased by 15.3%, or224 billion, from1,462 billion in 2013 to1,238 billion in 2014 primarily due to the continuing substitution effect from increase in usage of mobile telephone services, Internet phone services and other VoIP services such as Kakaotalk, Line and Skype, which led to a 27.1% decrease in domestic long-distance call minutes from 4.8 million in 2013 to 3.5 million in 2014 and an 18.4% decrease in local call pulses from 4.9 million in 2013 to 4.0 million in 2014.

Other fixed-line telephone service revenue decreased by 12.3%, or95 billion, from773 billion in 2013 to678 billion in 2014 primarily due to the continuing substitution effect from increase in usage of mobile telephone services, Internet phone services and other VoIP services, as well as a decrease in the number of lines in service from 2013 to 2014.

Internet Services. Our Internet service revenues increased by 3.3%, or98 billion, from2,996 billion in 2013 to3,094 billion in 2014 primarily due to an increase in the number of IPTV subscribers from 5.0 million as of December 31, 2013 to 5.9 million as of December 31, 2014, the impact of which was offset in part by an increase in our mobile subscribers from 16.0 million as of December 31, 2010 to 16.6 million as of December 31, 2011. For a discussion of reduction in rates for our mobile services, see “Item 4.B.—Business Overview—Revenuesbroadband and Rates—Mobile Services.”

Fixed-line Telephone Services

Our fixed-line telephone service revenues decreased by 12.2%, or(Won)529 billion, from(Won)4,341 billion in 2010 to(Won)3,812 billion in 2011 primarily due to decreases in local service revenues, land-to-mobile interconnection revenues and domestic long-distance revenues. Specifically:

Local service revenues decreased by 11.0%, or(Won)282 billion, from(Won)2,568 billion in 2010 to(Won)2,286 billion in 2011. The number of local call pulses decreased by 16.0% from 2010 to 2011 primarily due to the substitution effect from increase in usage of mobile telephone services and Internet phone services. However, the effect of such decreases was partially offset by participation by some of our subscribers in optional flat rate plans, as well as an increase in revenues from VoIP services.

Land-to-mobile interconnection revenues decreased by 17.6%, or(Won)167 billion, from(Won)949 billion in 2010 to(Won)782 billion in 2011 primarily due to a decrease in land-to-mobile interconnection rates for 2011 as well as a decrease in the volume of calls between landline users to mobile subscribers.

Domestic long-distance revenues decreased by 23.6%, or(Won)95 billion, from(Won)403 billion in 2010 to(Won)308 billion in 2011 primarily due to a decrease in the number of domestic long-distance call minutes by 10.2% from 2010 to 2011, primarily due to the substitution effect from increase in usage of mobile telephone services and Internet phone services, as well as an increase in our fixed-line subscribers who terminated their subscription to our optional flat rate plans, and a decrease in interconnection rates received by approximately 2.0% from 2010 to 2011.

Internet Services

Our Internet service revenues increased by 6.0%, or(Won)155 billion, from(Won)2,580 billion in 2010 to(Won)2,735 billion in 2011 primarily due to an increase in the number of IP-TV subscribers from 2.1 million as of December 31, 2010 to 3.1 million as of December 31, 2011, the impact of which was offset in part by an increase in our IP-TVIPTV subscribers who participate in bundled products that offer discounts when subscribing to our other services. Theservices, and an increase in discounts offered to our broadband internet subscribers during 2014.

Data Communication Services. Our data communications service revenues decreased by 4.3%, or51 billion, from1,199 billion in 2013 to1,148 billion in 2014 primarily due to a decrease in revenues from broadband Internet access service decreased by 1.7%, or(Won)32 billion,our leased lines, resulting from(Won)1,900 billion increased competition in 2010 to(Won)1,868 billionthe telecommunications market in 2011.Korea.

Sale of Goods

Revenues from sale of goods decreased by 14.5%, or588 billion, from4,066 billion in 2013 to3,478 billion in 2014 primarily due a change in the accounting treatment of handset subsidies. In connection with the Mobile Device Act, revenues from mobile handset sales are recognized net of any legal handset subsidies, whereas previously, the entire amount of the sale (without deducting the subsidy amount) was recognized, and any handset subsidies were classified as operating expenses as commissions paid to third-party vendors. Such change was further enhanced by a decrease in the total number of smartphones sold, resulting from increased competition in the mobile handset market, as well as business suspensions imposed on us by the KCC during 2014 in connection with excessive handset subsidies.

Financial Services

Financial service revenues increased by 12.3%24.4%, or(Won)480800 billion, from(Won)3,8993,274 billion in 20102013 to(Won)4,3794,074 billion in 20112014 primarily due to an increase in commission revenues from our financial subsidiaries, in particular BC Card Co., Ltd., resulting in part from an increase in the number of tourists in Korea using overseas credit cards through the credit card network owned and operated by BC Card Co., Ltd., for which it receives commission fees.

Automobile Rental

Automobile rental revenues increased by 26.9%, or163 billion, from606 billion in 2013 to769 billion in 2014 primarily due to an increase in the number of smart phones sold that had relatively higher margins.

Data Communications

Data communications service revenues decreasedautomobiles operated by 2.1%, or(Won)27 billion, from(Won)1,298 billionKT Rental in 20102014 compared to(Won)1,271 billion in 2011 primarily due to service fee discounts offered to government agencies and a decrease in revenues related to Kornet broadband Internet connection service to institutional customers resulting from the expiration of certain leased-line contracts. 2013.

Others

Other operating revenues increaseddecreased by 135.8%34.7%, or(Won)1,716772 billion, from(Won)1,2642,222 billion in 20102013 to(Won)2,9801,450 billion in 20112014 primarily due to consolidationdecreases in revenues from sale of the revenues of BC Cardreal estate, as well as from our information technology solution services and subsidiaries such as KTDS Co., Ltd. (which had revenues of(Won)3,205 billion in 2011) starting in October 1, 2011provides system integration and KT Skylife Co., Ltd. (which had revenues of(Won)485 billion in 2011) starting on January 1, 2011, as well as revenue of(Won)298 billion recorded in connection with the sale and leaseback of certain of our properties to K-REALTY CR-REIT I, our equity-method investee specializing in real estate investments established in December 2011.maintenance services).

Operating Expenses

The following table presents a breakdown of our operating expenses and changes therein for 20102013 and 2011.2014:

 

  For the Year Ended
December 31,
   Changes   For the Year Ended
December 31,
   Changes 
  2010 vs. 2011   2013 vs. 2014 
  2010   2011   Amount %   2013   2014   Amount % 
  (In billions of Won)   (In billions of Won) 

Salaries and wages

  (Won)2,623    (Won)2,856    (Won)233    8.9    3,289    4,000    711    21.6

Depreciation

   2,864     2,647     (217  (7.6   3,108     3,187     79    2.5  

Commissions

   1,292     1,449     157    12.2     1,260     1,392     132    10.5  

Interconnection charges

   1,226     1,116     (110  (9.0   885     797     (88  (9.9

Purchase of handsets

   3,985     4,250     265    6.6  

Purchase of inventories

   3,566     3,403     (163  (4.6

Changes of inventories

   321     221     (100  (31.2

Sales commission

   1,910     1,866     (44  (2.3   2,315     2,631     316    13.7  

Research and development expenses

   306     176     (130  (42.5

Service cost

   1,834     1,545     (289  (15.8

Card service costs

   2,703     2,883     180    6.7  

Others(1)

   4,112     5,656     1,544    37.5     4,453     4,331     (122  (2.6
  

 

   

 

   

 

    

 

   

 

   

 

  

Total operating expenses

  (Won)18,318    (Won)20,016    (Won)1,698    9.3  23,734    24,390    656    2.8
  

 

   

 

   

 

    

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

(1)Including other operating expenses (which includes serviceinclude miscellaneous expenses, commissions paidloss on credit card servicesdisposal of property and international roaming connection charges)equipment, impairment loss on property and equipment, loss on disposal of intangible assets, loss on disposal of investments in associates and joint ventures, impairment loss on investments in associates and joint ventures and donations), rent, amortization of intangible assets, rent, insurance premium, utilities, international interconnection fee, installation fee, taxes and dues, research and development expenses, provision and advertising expenses and changes of inventories.expenses.

Total operating expenses increased by 9.3%2.8%, or(Won)1,698656 billion, from(Won)18,31823,734 billion in 20102013 to(Won)20,01624,390 billion in 20112014 primarily due to increases in other operating expenses (which includes service expenses, commissions paid on credit card services and international roaming connection charges), salaries and wages commissions and purchase of handsets,sales commission, the impact of which was partially offset by decreases in depreciation, researchservice cost and development expenses and interconnection charges. Specifically:

Other operating expenses increased by 37.5%, or(Won)1,544 billion, from(Won)4,112 billion in 2010 to(Won)5,656 billion in 2011 primarily due to(Won)714 billion in commissions paid on credit card services in 2011, whereas there was no such expense in 2010, as a result of consolidation of the expenses of BC Card Co., Ltd. starting in October 1, 2011, a 33.0%, or(Won)333 billion, increase in service expenses from(Won)1,008 billion in 2010 to(Won)1,341 billion in 2011 as a result of increases in expenses relating to our systems/network integration business and to purchase of multimedia contents from third-party developers and a 17.2%, or(Won)49 billion, increase in international roaming connection charges paid to overseas mobile operators, from(Won)285 billion in 2010 to(Won)334 billion in 2011, as a result of an increase in our smartphone users who use roaming services while traveling abroad.inventories. Specifically:

 

Salaries and wages increased by 8.9%21.6%, or(Won)233711 billion, from(Won)2,6233,289 billion in 20102013 to(Won)2,8564,000 billion in 20112014 primarily due to an increase in severance payments relating to the numberspecial retirement program described in “—Overview” above. The special voluntary early retirement program resulted in the early retirement of our consolidated employees, as a result of8,304 additional consolidated subsidiaries in 2011, including BC Card Co., Ltd. and KT Skylife Co., Ltd. and an increase in average wages.employees.

 

Commissions,Sales commissions, which primarily relate to paymentscommissions paid to our third-party vendors for third-party outsourcing services, including commissions to the call center staffsales of mobile handsets and building security, and discounts on our installment receivables on mobile and fixed-line contracts,service products, increased by 12.2%13.7%, or(Won)157316 billion, from(Won)1,2922,315 billion in 20102013 to(Won)1,4492,631 billion in 20112014, primarily due to an increaseincreases in discounts on installment receivables as a resultsales of an increase in our LTE mobile subscribers in 2011 and an increase in commissions paid for outsourcing of building security on our real estate holdings.service products by such third-party vendors,

Our operating expenses related to purchase of handsets increased by 6.6%, or(Won)265 billion, from(Won)3,985 billion in 2010 to(Won)4,250 billion in 2011 primarily due to an increase in the number of smart phones sold.

as a result of an increase in our total mobile subscribers during 2014, as well as an increase in fixed-line sales commission and installation outsourcing service fees due to our special voluntary early retirement program. Such increases were offset in part by a decrease in commissions paid relating to official handset subsidies as discussed above.

These factors were partially offset by the following:

 

DepreciationService cost decreased by 7.6%15.8%, or(Won)217289 billion, from(Won)2,8641,834 billion in 20102013 to(Won)2,6471,545 billion in 2011 primarily due to the one-time effect2014 as a result of the shorteningcorresponding decreases in revenues from sale of estimated useful lives of assets in the Personal Customer Group, which is prospectively applicablereal estate, as well as from January 1, 2010, the transition date of IFRS, resulting in more assets fully depreciated in 2010 and less assets subject to depreciation in 2011.our information technology solution services as discussed above.

 

Research and developmentOur operating expenses related to purchase of inventories decreased by 42.5%4.6%, or(Won)130163 billion, from(Won)3063,566 billion in 20102013 to(Won)1763,403 billion in 20112014 primarily due to an internal reorganization of our research and development staff, which decreaseda decrease in the total number of departments and employees whose expenses are categorizedsmartphones sold, resulting from increased competition in this category.

Interconnection charges decreasedthe mobile handset market, as well as business suspensions imposed on us by 9.0%, or(Won)110 billion, from(Won)1,226 billionthe KCC during 2014 in 2010 to(Won)1,116 billion in 2011 primarily due to decreases in land-to-mobile and land-to-land interconnection rates applicable during 2011 compared to 2010.connection with excessive handset subsidies as discussed above.

Operating Profit

Due to the factors described above, ourwe recorded an operating profit decreased by 1.7%, orof(Won)34 billion, from(Won)2,008323 billion in 20102013, compared to an operating loss of(Won)1,974662 billion in 2011.2014. Our operating margin, which is operating profit as a percentage of operating revenues, decreased from 9.9%was 1.3% in 2010 to 9.0%2013 and our operating loss margin, which is operating loss as a percentage of operating revenues, was 2.8% in 2011.2014.

Finance Income (Expenses)(Costs)

The following table presents a breakdown of our finance income and expenses on a net basiscosts and changes therein for 20102013 and 2011.2014:

 

  For the Year Ended
December 31,
  Changes   For the Year Ended
December 31,
  Changes 
 2010 vs. 2011    2013 vs. 2014 
      2010         2011     Amount %     2013     2014   Amount % 
  (In billions of Won)   (In billions of Won) 

Interest income

  (Won)97   (Won)151   (Won)54    55.7  109   81   (28  (25.7)% 

Interest expense

   (490  (481  9    (1.8   (450  (501  (51  11.3  

Net foreign currency transaction gain (loss)

   (3  9    13    N.A.     6    11    5    83.3  

Net foreign currency translation gain (loss)

   33    (79  (113  N.A.     100    (91  (191  N.A.  

Net loss on settlement of derivatives

   (1  (27  (26  2,600.0     (3  (33  (30  1,000.0  

Net gain on valuation of derivatives

   7    55    48    685.7  

Net other finance expenses

   (2  (1  1    (50.0

Net gain (loss) on valuation of derivatives

   (105  68    173    N.A.  

Net other finance costs (1)

   (25  (99  (74  296.0  
  

 

  

 

  

 

    

 

  

 

  

 

  

Net finance expenses

  (Won)(359 (Won)(373 (Won)(14  3.9

Net finance costs

  (368 (564 (196  53.3
  

 

  

 

  

 

    

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

N.A. means not available.

 

N.A.(1)means not available.Including net other finance income and expenses, loss on disposal of trade receivables and impairment loss on available-for-sale financial assets.

Our net finance expensescosts increased by 3.9%53.3%, or(Won)14196 billion, from(Won)359368 billion in 20102013 to(Won)373564 billion in 20112014 primarily due to our recognition of net foreign currency translation gain in 20102013 compared to a net loss in 20112014 and an increase in net loss on settlement of derivatives,other finance costs, the impact of which was partially offset by an increase in interest income and an increase inthe net gain on valuation of derivatives.derivatives in 2014 compared to a net loss in 2013. Specifically:

 

We recorded net foreign currency translation gain of(Won)33100 billion in 20102013 compared to net foreign currency translation loss of(Won)7991 billion in 20112014, as the Market Average Exchange Rate of the Won against the U.S. dollar appreciated from(Won)1,167.61,071.1 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2009 to(Won)1,138.9 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2010 but it depreciated to(Won)1,153.3 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2011. The impact of such net foreign currency translation loss was partially offset by an increase in net gain on valuation of derivatives discussed below.

December 31, 2012 to1,055.3 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2013, but depreciated to1,099.2 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2014. The impact of such net foreign currency translation loss in 2014 was partially offset by the net gain on valuation of derivatives discussed below.

 

Our net loss on settlement of derivativesother finance costs increased by twenty-six fold296.0%, or(Won)2674 billion, from(Won)125 billion in 20102013 to(Won)2799 billion in 20112014 primarily due to a significant65 billion increase in the sizeimpairment loss on available-for-sale financial assets from5 billion in 2013 to70 billion in 2014, mainly resulting from an impairment loss of49 billion recognized on our settled derivative contractsinterests in 2011 comparedKT ENS, which was classified as available-for-sale financial securities for 2014 due to 2010.KT ENS filing for court receivership in 2014, whereas it was a consolidated subsidiary for 2013.

These factors were partially offset by the following:

 

Our interest income increased by 55.7%, orWe recorded net loss on valuation of derivatives of(Won)54 billion, from(Won)97105 billion in 20102013, compared to(Won)151 billion in 2011 primarily due to an increase in our average balance of interest-earning assets from 2010 to 2011, including our holdings of cash and cash equivalents.

Our net gain on valuation of derivatives which increased by 685.7%, orof(Won)48 billion, from(Won)768 billion in 2010 to(Won)55 billion in 20112014, primarily due to an increase in gains from our combined interest rate currency swap contracts due to the depreciation of the exchange rates of the Won against the Japanese Yen and the U.S. dollar from December 31, 20102013 to December 31, 2011.2014.

Income (Loss) from Jointly Controlled Entities and Associates

We recorded incomeIncome from jointly controlled entities and associates ofincreased by 157.1%, or(Won)3311 billion, from7 billion in 20102013 to18 billion in 2014, primarily due to an increase in net income of KT-SB Venture Investment, and the corresponding increase in our share of such net income.

Income Tax Expense

We recognized an income tax expense of50 billion in 2013, compared to an income tax benefit of266 billion in 2014, primarily due to a significant increase in our loss from continuing operations before income tax from38 billion in 2013 to1,208 billion in 2014. We incurred a tax expense despite incurring a loss before income tax in 2013, as we, in preparing our consolidated financial statements, aggregate the tax results of ourselves and our subsidiaries, some of which had taxable income. See Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We had net deferred income tax assets of537 billion as of December 31, 2013 and935 billion as of December 31, 2014.

Loss for the Period

Due to the factors described above, our loss for the period increased by 969.3%, or853 billion, from88 billion in 2013 to941 billion in 2014. Our net loss margin, which is loss for the period as a percentage of operating revenues, was 0.4% in 2013 and 4.0% in 2014.

Segment Results—Customer/Marketing Group

Our operating revenues for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, decreased by 2.5%, or371 billion, from14,938 billion in 2013 to14,567 billion in 2014 primarily due to a decrease in revenues from individual fixed-line telephone subscribers.

We recorded operating income for this segment of52 billion in 2013, compared to operating loss for this segment of798 billion in 2014, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, as the 3.2% increase in the segment’s operating expenses outpaced the 2.5% decrease in the segment’s operating revenues primarily due to the reasons discussed above. Operating margin, which is

operating income as a percentage of total operating revenues prior to adjusting for inter-company sales, was 0.3% in 2013, and operating loss margin, which is operating loss as a percentage of total operating revenues prior to adjusting for inter-company sales, was 5.5% in 2014.

Depreciation and amortization, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 3.6%, or89 billion, from2,445 billion in 2013 to2,534 billion in 2014.

Segment Results—Enterprise Sales Group

Our operating revenues for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, remained constant at2,917 billion in 2013 and in 2014.

Our operating income for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, decreased by 58.9%, or139 billion, from236 billion in 2013 to97 billion in 2014, as the segment’s operating expenses increased by 5.2%, while the segment’s operating revenues remained constant, primarily due to the increase in salary expenses associated with the special voluntary retirement program as discussed above. Operating margin decreased from 8.1% in 2013 to 3.3% in 2014.

Depreciation and amortization, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 0.6%, or3 billion, from486 billion in 2013 to489 billion in 2014.

Segment Results—Finance/Rental Business Group

Our operating revenues for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 12.3%, or498 billion, from4,053 billion in 2013 to4,551 billion in 2014 primarily due to an increase in commission revenues from our financial subsidiaries, in particular BC Card Co., Ltd., in part resulting from an increase in the number of tourists in Korea using overseas credit cards through the credit card network owned and operated by BC Card Co., Ltd., for which it receives commission fees.

Our operating income for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 15.0%, or42 billion, from280 billion in 2013 to322 billion in 2014, as the 12.3% increase in the segment’s operating revenues outpaced a 12.1% increase in operating expenses primarily due to the reasons discussed above. Operating margin increased from 6.9% in 2013 to 7.1% in 2014.

Depreciation and amortization, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 16.3%, or65 billion, from400 billion in 2013 to465 billion in 2014 primarily due to the additional purchases of automobiles by KT Rental Co., Ltd. during 2014 as discussed above, which increased the depreciable asset base.

Segment Results—Others

Our operating revenues for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, decreased by 5.4%, or275 billion, from5,094 billion in 2013 to4,819 billion in 2014 primarily due to the classification of our interest in KT ENS as available-for-sale securities starting 2014, as well as disposal of certain subsidiaries in 2014, whose revenues were recognized under this segment.

We recorded an operating income for this segment of287 billion in 2013, compared to an operating loss for this segment of214 billion in 2014, as the 5.4% decrease in the segment’s operating revenues outpaced a 4.7% increase in operating expenses primarily due to the reasons discussed above. Operating margin was 5.6% in 2013 and operating loss margin was 4.4% in 2014.

Depreciation and amortization, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 17.2%, or40 billion, from233 billion in 2013 to273 billion in 2014.

Operating Results—2012 Compared to 2013

The following table presents selected income statement data and changes therein for 2012 and 2013:

   For the Year Ended
December 31,
  Changes 
    2012 vs. 2013 
   2012  2013  Amount  % 
   (In billions of Won) 

Operating revenues

  24,644   24,058   (586  (2.4)% 

Revenue

   23,856    23,729    (127  (0.5

Others

   787    329    (458  (58.2

Operating expenses

   22,964    23,734    770    3.4  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Operating profit

   1,680    323    (1,357  (80.8

Finance income

   499    279    (220  (44.1

Finance costs

   (782  (648  134    (17.1

Income from jointly controlled entities and associates

   18    7    (11  (61.1
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Profit (loss) from continuing operations before income tax

   1,415    (38  (1,453  N.A.  

Income tax expense

   278    50    (228  (82.0

Profit (loss) for the period from continuing operations

   1,137    (88  (1,225  N.A.  

Loss from discontinued operations

   (32      32    N.A.  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Profit (loss) for the period

  1,105   (88  (1,193  N.A.  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

N.A. means not available.

Operating Revenues

The following table presents a breakdown of our operating revenues and changes therein for 2012 and 2013:

   For the Year Ended
December 31,
   Changes 
     2012 vs. 2013 
   2012   2013   Amount  % 
   (In billions of Won) 

Mobile services

  6,578    6,711    133    2.0

Fixed-line services

   7,593     7,179     (414  (5.5

Fixed-line telephone services:

       

Monthly basic charges

   807     749     (58  (7.2

Monthly usage charges

   1,740     1,462     (278  (16.0

Others

   827     773     (54  (6.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

Sub-total

   3,374     2,984     (390  (11.6

Internet services:

       

Broadband internet access service

   2,036     2,011     (25  (1.2

Other Internet-related services

   874     985     111    12.7  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

Sub-total

   2,910     2,996     86    3.0  

Data communication services

   1,309     1,199     (110  (8.4

Sale of goods

   4,590     4,066     (524  (11.4

Financial services

   3,320     3,274     (46  (1.4

Automobile rental service

   253     606     353    139.5  

Other

   2,310     2,222     (88  (3.8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

Total operating revenues

  24,644    24,058    (586  (2.4)% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

N.A. means not available.

Total operating revenues decreased by 2.4%, or586 billion, from24,644 billion in 2012 to24,058 billion in 2013 primarily due to decreases in our sale of goods, fixed-line telephone service revenues and data communication services revenues, the impact of which was partially offset by increases in our automobile rental service revenues and mobile service revenues.

Mobile Services

Our mobile service revenues increased by 2.0%, or133 billion, from6,578 billion in 2012 to6,711 billion in 2013 primarily due to the launching of our wideband LTE services in September 2013, and the corresponding increase in our average revenue per user, as wideband LTE service products generally have higher rates due to the greater amount of data included in such rates. Such increase in average revenue per user was partially offset by a 0.3% decrease in our mobile subscribers from approximately 16,502,000 as of December 31, 2012 to approximately 16,454,000 in December 31, 2013.

Fixed-line Services

Our fixed-line service revenue decreased by 5.5%, or414 billion, from7,593 billion in 2012 to7,179 billion in 2013 primarily due to decreases in fixed-line telephone service revenues and data communications service revenues, which were partially offset by an increase in internet service revenues.

Fixed-line Telephone Services. Our fixed-line telephone service revenues decreased by 11.6%, or390 billion, from3,374 billion in 2012 to2,984 billion in 2013 primarily due to decreases in monthly usage charges, monthly basic charges and other fixed-line telephone service revenues. Specifically:

Monthly basic charges decreased by 7.2%, or58 billion, from807 billion in 2012 to749 billion in 2013 primarily due to a 9.3% decrease in the number of our telephone lines in service from 15.1 million in 2012 to 14.0 million in 2013.

Monthly usage charges decreased by 16.0%, or278 billion, from1,740 billion in 2012 to1,462 billion in 2013 primarily due to the continuing substitution effect from increase in usage of mobile telephone services, Internet phone services and other VoIP services such as Kakaotalk, Line and Skype, as well as decreases in the number of lines in service and calls made from landline users to mobile subscribers in 2013 compared to 2012.

Other fixed-line telephone service revenue decreased by 6.5%, or54 billion, from827 billion in 2012 to773 billion in 2013 primarily due to the continuing substitution effect from increase in usage of mobile telephone services, Internet phone services and other VoIP services, as well as a decrease in the number of lines in service from 2012 to 2013.

Internet Services. Our Internet service revenues increased by 3.0%, or86 billion, from2,910 billion in 2012 to2,996 billion in 2013 primarily due to an increase in the number of IPTV subscribers from 4.0 million as of December 31, 2012 to 5.0 million as of December 31, 2013, the impact of which was offset in part by an increase in our IPTV subscribers who participate in bundled products that offer discounts when subscribing to our other services, and an increase in the number of our broadband subscribers from 8.0 million as of December 31, 2012 to 8.1 million as of December 31, 2013.

Data Communications Services. Data communications service revenues decreased by 8.4%, or110 billion, from1,309 billion in 2012 to1,199 billion in 2013 primarily due to a decrease in revenues from our leased lines, resulting from increased competition in the telecommunications market in Korea.

Sale of Goods

Revenues from sale of goods decreased by 11.4%, or524 billion, from4,590 billion in 2012 to4,066 billion in 2013 primarily due to a decrease in the number of smartphones sold, resulting from increased competition in the mobile handset market, as well as business suspensions imposed on us by the KCC during 2013 in connection with excessive handset subsidies as discussed above.

Financial Services

Financial service revenues decreased by 1.4%, or46 billion, from3,320 billion in 2012 to3,274 billion in 2013 primarily due to a decrease in commission revenues from our financial subsidiaries, in particular BC Card Co., Ltd., resulting from a decrease in the rate of commission BC Card. Co., Ltd. charges for purchases, which in turn resulted from increased competition in the financial services market during 2013.

Automobile Rental

Automobile rental revenues increased by 139.5%, or353 billion, from253 billion in 2012 to606 billion in 2013 primarily due to the recognition of full year income from KT Rental Co., Ltd. in

2013, which became our consolidated subsidiary and related revenues became a part of our consolidated revenue starting in July 2012, following the acquisition of KT Rental’s common stock by Hana Daetoo Securities Co., Ltd. and other investors from the second largest shareholder in July 2012, and the restriction on our control over KT Rental pursuant to a shareholders’ agreement being removed as a result.

Others

Other operating revenues decreased by 3.8%, or88 billion, from2,310 billion in 2012 to2,222 billion in 2013 primarily due to a 19.3%,57 billion, or decrease in operating revenues from KT Telecop Co., Ltd., our subsidiary specializing in security services.

Operating Expenses

The following table presents a breakdown of our operating expenses and changes therein for 2012 and 2013:

   For the Year Ended
December 31,
   Changes 
    2012 vs. 2013 
   2012  2013   Amount  % 
   (In billions of Won) 

Salaries and wages

  3,097   3,289    192    6.2

Depreciation

   2,894    3,108     214    7.4  

Commissions

   1,426    1,260     (166  (11.6

Interconnection charges

   901    885     (16  (1.8

Purchase of inventories

   4,851    3,566     (1,285  (26.5

Changes of inventories

   (259  321     580    N.A.  

Sales commission

   2,230    2,315     85    3.8  

Service cost

   1,264    1,834     570    45.1  

Card service costs

   2,771    2,703     (68  (2.5

Others (1)

   3,789    4,453     664    17.5  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

Total operating expenses

  22,964   23,734    770    3.4
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

N.A. means not available.

(1)Including other operating expenses (which include miscellaneous expenses, loss on disposal of property and equipment, impairment loss on property and equipment, loss on disposal of intangible assets, loss on disposal of investments in associates and joint ventures, impairment loss on investments in associates and joint ventures and donations), amortization of intangible assets, rent, insurance premium, utilities, international interconnection fee, installation fee, taxes and dues, research and development expenses, provision and advertising expenses.

Total operating expenses increased by 3.4%, or770 billion, from22,964 billion in 2012 to23,734 billion in 2013 primarily due to increases in other operating expenses, change of inventories, service costs, depreciation and salaries and wages, the impact of which was partially offset by a decrease in purchase of inventories. Specifically:

Other operating expenses increased by 17.5%, or664 billion, from3,789 billion in 2012 to4,453 billion in 2013, primarily due to loss on disposal of approximately277 billion in 2013 in connection with the expenses incurred for our business support system project, as well as loss on disposal of approximately220 billion in 2013 on our obsolete tangible and intangible assets.

We recorded an increase in inventories of259 billion in 2012, compared to a decrease of321 billion in 2013, primarily due to temporary year-end accounting treatment of inventories for a shipment of smartphones which were in transit at the end of 2012, as well as an increase in impairment loss by66 billion on our merchandise inventories incurred in 2013 compared to 2012.

Service cost increased by 45.1%, or570 billion, from1,264 billion in 2012 to1,834 billion in 2013 as a result of increases in expenses relating to our systems/network integration business and expenses relating to purchase of multimedia contents from third-party developers.

Depreciation expenses increased by 7.4%, or214 billion, from2,894 billion in 2012 to3,108 billion in 2013 primarily due to an increase in depreciation expenses of271 billion from a full-year recognition of depreciation expenses of KT Rental’s operating assets, which became our consolidated subsidiary starting in July 2012 as described above.

Salaries and wages increased by 6.2%, or192 billion, from3,097 billion in 2012 to3,289 billion in 2013 primarily due to an increase in the number of our employees resulting from our newly consolidated subsidiaries in 2013, as well as an increase in salaries and severance benefits in 2013.

These factors were partially offset by the following:

Our operating expenses related to purchase of inventories decreased by 26.5%, or1,285 billion, from4,851 billion in 2012 to3,566 billion in 2013 primarily due to a decrease in the number of smartphones sold as discussed above.

Operating Profit

Due to the factors described above, our operating profit decreased by 80.8%, or1,357 billion, from1,680 billion in 2012 to323 billion in 2013. Our operating margin, which is operating profit as a percentage of operating revenues, decreased from 6.8% in 2012 to 1.3% in 2013.

Finance Income (Costs)

The following table presents a breakdown of our finance income and costs and changes therein for 2012 and 2013:

   For the Year Ended
December 31,
  Changes 
    2012 vs. 2013 
      2012          2013      Amount  % 
   (In billions of Won) 

Interest income

  203   109   (94  (46.3)% 

Interest expense

   (472  (450  22    (4.7

Net foreign currency transaction gain (loss)

   2    6    4    200.0  

Net foreign currency translation gain (loss)

   259    100    (159  (61.4

Net loss on settlement of derivatives

   (5  (3  2    (40.0

Net gain (loss) on valuation of derivatives

   (241  (105  136    (56.4

Net other finance costs(1)

   (29  (25  4    (13.8
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

Net finance costs

  (283 (368 (85  30.0
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

N.A. means not available.

(1)Including net other finance income and expenses, loss on disposal of trade receivables and impairment loss on available-for-sale financial assets.

Our net finance costs increased by 30.0%, or85 billion, from283 billion in 2012 to368 billion in 2013 primarily due to decreases in net foreign currency translation gain and interest income, the impact of which was partially offset by a decrease in net loss on valuation of derivatives. Specifically:

Our net foreign currency translation gain decreased by 61.4%, or159 billion, from259 billion in 2012 to100 billion in 2013, as the Market Average Exchange Rate of the Won against the U.S. dollar appreciated from1,153.3 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2011 to1,071.1 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2012, and further appreciated at a lesser pace to1,055.3 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2013. The impact of such decrease in net foreign currency translation gain was partially offset by a decrease in net loss on valuation of derivatives discussed below.

Our interest income decreased by 46.3%, or94 billion, from203 billion in 2012 to109 billion in 2013 primarily due to a decrease in our average balance of interest-earning assets from 2012 to 2013, resulting from a reduction in our accounts receivables from our handset sales in 2013 due to the reasons discussed above, as well as a decrease in general interest rates from 2012 to 2013.

These factors were partially offset by the following:

Net loss on valuation of derivatives decreased by 56.4%, or136 billion, from241 billion in 2012 to105 billion in 2013, primarily due to a decrease in losses from our currency swap contracts due to the lower rate of appreciation of the exchange rates of the Won against the Japanese Yen and the U.S. dollar from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013.

Income (Loss) from Jointly Controlled Entities and Associates

Income from jointly controlled entities and associates ofdecreased by 61.1%, or(Won)311 billion, from18 billion in 20112012 to7 billion in 2013, primarily due to an unrealizedthe loss of income recognized under this line item from KT Rental in 2013, as it became our consolidated subsidiary in July 2012, and we recorded an income of(Won)309 billion recordedfrom KT Rental in connection with the sale and leaseback of certain of our properties to K-REALTY CR-REIT I, our equity-method investee specializing in real estate investments established in December 2011.2012, as any associated gains from KT Rental until July 2012 were recognized under this line item.

Income Tax Expense

Our income tax expense decreased by 20.1%82.0%, or(Won)79228 billion, from(Won)396278 billion in 20102012 to(Won)31750 billion in 20112013 primarily due to an increase in tax credit carryforwards and deductions, as well asour recognition of a decrease in profitsloss from continuing operations before income tax.tax of38 billion in 2013 compared to a profit from continuing operation of1,415 billion in 2012. We incurred a tax expense despite incurring a loss before income tax in 2013, as we, in preparing our consolidated financial statements, aggregate the tax results of ourselves and our subsidiaries, which had taxable income. See Note 3029 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. OurWe had an effective tax rate decreased from 23.6%of 19.6% in 2010 to 19.8% in 2011, primarily due to an increase in tax credit carryforwards and deductions in 2011.2012. We had net deferred income tax assets of(Won)405473 billion as of December 31, 2011.2012 and537 billion as of December 31, 2013.

Profit from Discontinued Operations

Our profitWe recognized a loss from discontinued operations increased by 469.9%, orof(Won)141 billion, from(Won)3032 billion in 20102012, compared to(Won)171 billion none in 20112013, primarily due to profitsthe loss recognized from our sale of a 72.96% controllingour 93.8% interest in New Telephone Company to Vimpel-CommunicationsKT Tech, Inc. in October 2011,August 2012, as well as our share of net incomeloss of New Telephone CompanyKT Tech, Inc. until the completion of sale, which we recorded under this category in 2012, whereas there were no discontinued operations in 2013 which required recognition of income or loss under this category. See Note 38 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Profit for the Period

Due to the factors described above, ourwe recorded a profit for the period increased by 10.4%, orof(Won)137 billion, from(Won)1,3151,105 billion in 20102012, compared to a loss of(Won)1,45288 billion in 2011.2013. Our net income margin, which is profit for the period as a percentage of operating revenues, increased from 6.5%was 4.5% in 2010 to 6.6%2012, and our net loss margin, which is loss for the period as a percentage of operating revenues, was 0.4% in 2011.2013.

Segment Results—Personal CustomerCustomer/Marketing Group

Our operating revenues for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increaseddecreased by 3.2%6.2%, or(Won)311994 billion, from(Won)9,71515,932 billion in 20102012 to(Won)10,02614,938 billion in 2011,2013, primarily due to an increasea decrease in the number of mobile subscribers as well as an increase in smart phones sold.revenues from individual fixed-line telephone subscribers.

Our operating profitincome for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increaseddecreased by 20.6%92.9%, or(Won)185681 billion, from(Won)902733 billion in 20102012 to(Won)1,08752 billion in 2011,2013, as the 3.2% increase6.2% decrease in the segment’s operating revenues outpaced a 1.4% increase2.1% decrease in operating expenses, primarily due to the reasons discussed above. Operating margin, which is operating income as a percentage of total operating revenues prior to adjusting for inter-company sales, increaseddecreased from 9.3%4.6% in 20102012 to 10.8%0.3% in 2011.2013.

Depreciation and amortization, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, decreasedincreased slightly by 14.9%0.2%, or(Won)2065 billion, from(Won)1,3832,440 billion in 20102012 to(Won)1,1772,445 billion in 2011, primarily due to the effect of the shortening of estimated useful lives of assets in the Personal Customer Group as described above.2013.

Segment Results—Home/Global & Enterprise CustomerSales Group

Our operating revenues for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, decreased by 0.5%, or(Won)5314 billion, from(Won)10,1942,931 billion in 20102012 to(Won)10,1412,917 billion in 2011,2013, primarily due to athe spin-offs of KT Sat Co., Ltd., KT Estate Inc. and KT Media Hub Co., Ltd. during 2013 and the corresponding decrease in fixed-line telephone service revenues, the impact of which was partially offset by an increase inoperating revenues from Internet-related services.such subsidiaries which were recognized under this segment.

Our operating profitincome for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, decreased by 14.0%27.8%, or(Won)15391 billion, from(Won)1,092327 billion in 20102012 to(Won)939236 billion in 2013, as operating revenues decreased by 0.5% while operating expenses increased by 3.0%, primarily due to an increase in rental expenses recognized under this segment in connection with the sale and leaseback transactions of certain real estate properties which occurred during 2011 and 2012. Operating margin decreased from 11.2% in 2012 to 8.1% in 2013.

Depreciation and amortization, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 0.2%, or1 billion, from485 billion in 2012 to486 billion in 2013.

Segment Results—Finance/Rental Business Group

Our operating revenues for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 9.0%, or336 billion, from3,717 billion in 2012 to4,053 billion in 2013, primarily due to the consolidation of full year revenues in 2013 from KT Rental Co., Ltd. which became our consolidated subsidiary starting in July 2012.

Our operating income for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 51.4%, or95 billion, from185 billion in 2012 to280 billion in 2013, as the segment recorded a 0.5% decrease9.0% increase in the segment’s operating revenues while recordingoutpaced a 1.1%6.8% increase in operating expenses, primarily due to the reasons discussed above. Operating margin decreasedincreased from 10.7%5.0% in 20102012 to 9.3%6.9% in 2011.2013.

Depreciation and amortization, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 0.3%119.8%, or(Won)5218 billion, from(Won)1,656182 billion in 20102012 to(Won)1,660400 billion in 2011.2013, primarily due to the effect of full-year consolidation of KT Rental Co., Ltd. and the related assets in 2013 as described above, as well as additional purchases of automobiles by KT Rental Co., Ltd. during 2013 which increased the depreciable asset base.

Segment Results—Others

Our operating revenues for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 72.9%19.8%, or(Won)1,979842 billion, from(Won)2,7174,252 billion in 20102012 to(Won)4,6965,094 billion in 2011,2013, primarily due to consolidation of the revenuesspin-offs of KT Skylife starting on January 1, 2011 and of BC CardSat Co., Ltd., KT Estate Inc. and itsKT Media Hub Co., Ltd. during 2013 and the corresponding recognition of operating revenues from such subsidiaries starting on October 1, 2011.under this segment.

Our operating profitincome for this segment, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 58.4%245.8%, or(Won)39204 billion, from(Won)6783 billion in 20102012 to(Won)106287 billion in 2011,2013, as the segment recorded a 72.9%19.8% increase in the segment’s operating revenues while recordingoutpaced a 73.2%15.3% increase in operating expenses, primarily due to the reasons discussed above. Operating margin decreasedincreased from 2.5%2.0% in 20102012 to 2.3%5.6% in 2011.2013.

Depreciation and amortization, prior to adjusting for inter-segment transactions, increased by 54.3%58.5%, or(Won)4586 billion, from(Won)84147 billion in 20102012 to(Won)129233 billion in 2011.2013, primarily due to the increase in depreciable assets under this segment due to the spin-off of subsidiaries as discussed above.

Item 5.B.Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table sets forth the summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated.indicated:

 

  For the Years Ended December 31,   For the Years Ended December 31, 
          2010                 2011               2012         2013         2014     
  (In billions of Won)   (In billions of Won) 

Net cash provided by operating activities

  (Won)2,973   (Won)2,150    5,725   4,111   1,916  

Net cash used in investing activities

   (2,949  (2,648   (3,851  (3,783  (3,171

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   (398  768     (1,278  (312  1,072  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

   1,543    1,162     1,462    2,058    2,071  

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   1,162    1,445     2,058    2,071    1,889  

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

   (381  284     595    13    (182

Capital Requirements

Historically, our capital requirements consisted principally of purchases of property and equipment and other assets and repayments of borrowings. In our investing activities, we used cash of(Won)2,7133,760 billion in 2010 and2012,(Won)3,2083,088 billion in 20112013 and2,853 billion in 2014 for the acquisition of property and equipment and investment property, primarily construction-in-progress. In our financing activities, we used cash of(Won)5,5764,591 billion in 2010 and2012,(Won)6,0255,956 billion in 20112013 and8,757 billion in 2014 for repayment of borrowings and bonds.

In recent years, we have also required capital for payments of retirement and severance benefits related to our early retirement programs. We recorded cash outflows from payments of severance benefits of(Won)956111 billion in 2010 and2012,(Won)235371 billion in 2011.2013 and1,427 billion in 2014. In 2010,2014, our payments were particularly high due to athe special voluntary early retirement program held in December 2009April 2014 described in which we received applications for voluntary early retirement from employees who had been employed by us for more than 15 years and provided them with additional financial incentives to retire early. The special voluntary early retirement program resulted in the early retirement of 5,992 employees out of 25,340 eligible employees.“—Overview” above.

From time to time, we may also require capital for investments involving acquisitions, including shares of our affiliates, and strategic relationships. For example, in October 2011, we, through our

subsidiary KT Capital Co., Ltd., acquired redeemable convertible preferred stock with voting rightsan additional 1,622,520 common shares of BC Card Co., Ltd. from Woori Bank, Busan Bank and convertible bondsShinhan Card for approximately252 billion. We acquired an additional 1,349,920 common shares of KT Skylife for(Won)246 billionBC Card Co., Ltd. in January 2011, which increased our2012 for approximately287 billion, and owned a 69.54% interest in the company from 32.1% to 53.1% subsequent to exerciseBC Card Co., Ltd. as of conversion rights.December 31, 2014. Any such additional investments or acquisitions may require significant capital.

Our cash dividends paid to shareholders and non-controlling interests amounted to(Won)493498 billion in 2010 and2012,(Won)595511 billion in 2011.2013 and223 billion in 2014.

We anticipate that capital expenditures and to a lesser extent, repayment of outstanding contractual obligations and commitments will represent the most significant use of funds for the next several years. We may also require capital for purchase of shares of our affiliates as well as investments involving acquisitions and strategic relationships. We compete in the telecommunications sector in Korea, which is rapidly evolving. In recent years, business combinations in the telecommunications industry have significantly changed the competitive landscape of the Korean telecommunications industry. We may need to incur additional capital expenditures to keep up with unexpected developments in rapidly evolving telecommunications technology. There can be no assurance that we will be able to secure funds on satisfactory terms from financial institutions or other sources that are sufficient for our unanticipated needs.

Payments of contractual obligations and commitments will also require considerable resources. In our ordinary course of business, we routinely enter into commercial commitments for various aspects of our operations, including repair and maintenance. We have also provided guarantees to our affiliates. See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a disclosure of the guarantees provided.

The following table sets forth selected information regarding our contractual obligations to make future payments as of December 31, 2011:2014:

 

  Payments Due by Period   Payments Due by Period 

Contractual Obligations(1)

  Total   Less than
1 Year
   1-3
Years
   4-5
Years
   After
5 Years
   Total   Less than
1 Year
   1-3
Years
   4-5
Years
   After 5
Years
 
  (In billions of Won)   (In billions of Won) 

Long-term debt obligations (including current portion of long-term debt)

  (Won)10,639    (Won)1,721    (Won)4,600    (Won)2,585    (Won)1,733    11,741    1,855    4,973    2,697    2,216  

Capital lease obligations (including any interests)

   183     67     116               60     23     27     10       

Operating lease obligations

   427     52     80     78     217     556     78     153     159     166  

Severance payment obligations(2)

   2,094     88     264     371     1,371     4,711     125     198     265     4,123  

Long-term accounts payable—others

   496     55     270     168     3     927     266     234     204     223  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)13,839    (Won)1,983    (Won)5,330    (Won)3,202    (Won)3,324    17,995    2,347    5,585    3,335    6,728  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Estimate of interest payment based on contractual interest rates effective as of December 31, 2011

  (Won)1,862    (Won)454    (Won)640    (Won)323    (Won)445  

Estimate of interest payment based on contractual interest rates effective as of December 31, 2013

  1,722    405    541    272    504  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)Contractual obligations represent contractual liabilities as of the consolidated balance sheet date excluding refundable deposits for telephone installation and accruals for customer call bonus points, which do not have definitive payment schedules.

(2)Does not include any severance payments due beyond 10 years, due to the uncertainties involved in the calculation of such payments.

Capital Resources

We have traditionally met our working capital and other capital requirements principally from cash provided by operations, while raising the remainder of our requirements primarily through debt financing. From time to time, we have also disposed of our treasury shares to meet our capital requirements.

Our major sources of cash have been net cash provided by operating activities, including profits for the period, expenses not involving cash payments such as depreciation and amortization, and proceeds from issuance of bonds and borrowings. We expect that these sources will continue to be our principal sources of cash in the future. Profit for the period was(Won)1,3151,105 billion in 20102012, and we recorded a loss for the period of(Won)1,45288 billion in 20112013 and941 billion in 2014, due to the reasons discussed in Item 5.A. Operating Results. DepreciationNon-cash expense adjustments in our statement of cash flows from depreciation and amortization of intangible assets was(Won)3,2393,314 billion in 2010 and2012,(Won)2,9923,621 billion in 20112013 and3,855 billion in 2014, primarily reflecting our capital investment activities during the recent years.years, including our purchase of bandwidths for our operations, investments in LTE-related structures and acquisition of real estate. Cash proceeds from issuance of bonds and borrowings were(Won)5,6994,259 billion in 2010 and2012,(Won)7,2256,200 billion in 2011.2013 and10,037 billion in 2014. As of December 31, 2011,2014, we held 17,897,14716,249,100 treasury shares.

In 2013, we spun off a portion of our trade receivables relating to handset sales to several special purpose companies, as part of our efforts to improve our cash and asset management. We also entered into asset management agreements with each of these special purpose companies, and will be receiving management fees from such companies. See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We believe that we have sufficient working capital available to us for our current requirements and that we have a variety of alternatives available to us to satisfy our financial requirements to the extent that they are not met by funds generated by operations, including the issuance of debt securities and bank borrowings denominated in Won and various foreign currencies. For example, we successfully issued (i) US$350 million of 3.875% notes due 2017 in January 2012.2012, (ii) three series of notes for an aggregate amount of Japanese Yen 30 billion in January 2013, (iii) three series of notes for an aggregate amount of410 billion in April 2013, (iv) US$300 million floating rate notes due 2018 in August 2013, (v) 300 billion of commercial paper due 2019 in February 2014, (vi) US$650 million of 1.750% notes due 2017 and US$350 million of 2.625% notes due 2019 in April 2014 and (vii) three series of notes for an aggregate amount of450 billion in January 2015. See Note 41 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. However, our ability to rely on some of these alternatives could be affected by factors such as the liquidity of the Korean and the global financial markets, prevailing interest rates, our credit rating and the Government’s policies regarding Won currency and foreign currency borrowings. Other factors which could materially affect our liquidity in the future include unanticipated increase in capital expenditures and decrease in cash

provided by operations resulting from a significant decrease in demand for our services. We may also need to raise additional capital sooner than we expect in order to fund unanticipated investments and acquisitions.

Our total equity was(Won)11,35413,218 billion as of December 31, 2010 and2012,(Won)12,53812,837 billion as of December 31, 2011.2013 and11,788 billion as of December 31, 2014.

Liquidity

We had a working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) deficit of(Won)365749 billion as of December 31, 2010 and surplus of2012,(Won)1,0461,252 billion as of December 31, 2011.The2013 and1,213 billion as of December 31, 2014. The following table sets forth the summary of our significant current assets for the periods indicated.indicated:

 

  As of December 31,   As of December 31, 
      2010           2011       2012   2013   2014 
  (In billions of Won)   (In billions of Won) 

Cash and cash equivalents

  (Won)1,162    (Won)1,445    2,058    2,071    1,889  

Short-term loans receivables, net

   725     698     668     839     710  

Trade and other receivables, net

   4,193     6,159     5,908     5,240     4,811  

Inventories, net

   711     675     935     674     419  

Our cash, cash equivalents and net short-term loans receivable maturing within one year totaled(Won)1,8872,726 billion as of December 31, 2010 and2012,(Won)2,1432,910 billion as of December 31, 2011.2013 and2,599 billion as of December 31, 2014. Under IFRS as issued by IASB, bank deposits held at call and all other highly liquid temporary cash instruments within maturities of three months are considered as cash equivalents. Short-term loans receivables primarily consist of loans and other non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market with maturities of twelve months or less.

The following table sets forth the summary of our significant current liabilities for the periods indicated:

 

  As of December 31,   As of December 31, 
      2010           2011       2012   2013   2014 
  (In billions of Won)   (In billions of Won) 

Trade and other payables

  (Won)4,424    (Won)5,890    7,221    7,414    6,408  

Borrowings

   2,722     2,112     3,197     3,021     2,956  

As of December 31, 2011,2014, we entered into various commitments with financial institutions totaling(Won)2,7784,555 billion and US$8512 million. See Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2011,2014,(Won)1151,556 billion and US$14 million werewas used under these facilities. We have not had, and do not believe that we will have, difficulty gaining access to short-term financing sufficient to meet our current requirements.

Capital Expenditures

We used cash of(Won)2,7133,760 billion in 2010 and2012,(Won)3,2083,088 billion in 20112013 and2,853 billion in 2014 for the acquisition of property and equipment and investment property, primarily construction-in-progress.

Our current capital expenditure plan, on a non-consolidated basis, calls for the expenditure of approximately(Won)3,5002,700 billion in 2012,2015, which may be adjusted depending on market conditions and our results of operations. The principal components of our capital investment plans are:

 

approximately(Won)1,786843 billion in general expansion and modernization of our wireless network infrastructure (including approximately(Won)1,000798 billion in capital investments for LTE service);

approximately(Won)1,1571,376 billion for general expansion and modernization of our fixed-line network infrastructure; and

 

approximately(Won)557481 billion in capital investments for our other services, including overhead costs.

Inflation

We do not consider that inflation in Korea has had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. InflationAccording to data published by The Bank of Korea, annual inflation in Korea was 2.9%2.2% in 20102012, 1.3% in 2013 and 4.3%1.3% in 2011.2014. See “Item 3. Key Information—Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Korea is our most important market, and our current business and future growth could be materially and adversely affected if economic conditions in Korea deteriorate.”

Recent Accounting Pronouncements under IFRS

For a summary of new standards, amendments and interpretations issued under IFRS but not effective for 2011 and which have not been adopted early by us, see note 2.1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

For a summary of standards and exceptions applied by us in connection with the transition to IFRS starting in 2011, see note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 5.C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.

In order to maintain our leadership in the converging telecommunications business environment and develop additional platforms, services and applications, we operate:

 

a technology strategy office;new business development and incubation center;

 

a technology development office;

a centralan infrastructure R&D laboratory;

a networkservice R&D laboratory; and

 

a smart grid development center.convergence R&D laboratory.

As of December 31, 2011, our Advanced Institute of Technology employed a total of 435 researchers and employees. As of December 31, 2011, our researchers and employees at our research centers had 72 doctoral degrees and 231 master’s degrees. As of December 31, 2011,2014, KT Corporation had 5,3505,045 registered patents domestically and 489867 registered patents internationally.

UnderThe MSIP has the Information and Communications Industry Promotion Act,authority to recommend to network service providers and specific service providers are obligated to contribute 0.75% and 0.5% of their total annual revenues, respectively, to the Institute of Information Technology Advancement, which uses the fund to promotethat they provide funds for national research and development in information technology. We make contributions as aof telecommunications technology and related projects. The required annual contribution is 0.5% (0.75% for market dominant service providers like us) of revenues attributable to key communications services (excluding revenues from telecommunications service using an allotted frequency if the consideration for such allotted frequency has been paid) from wireless subscribers for the previous year, and is applicable only to those network service providerproviders who have at least30 billion in total sales for the previous year and specific service providerhave recorded no net loss in the current period. Under the policy, the maximum amount of the annual contribution to be made cannot exceed 70.0% of the Korean government (Information and Telecommunication Improvement Fund),net profit for the Korea Electronic Telecommunication Research Institute and other research and development institutes.corresponding period of each company. Including such contributions, total expenditures (which include capitalized expenses) on research and development were(Won)306476 billion in 2010 and2012,(Won)176309 billion in 2011.2013 and479 billion in 2014.

In recent years, we have focused our research and development efforts in the following areas:

 

open telecommunications service platforms;simplifying complex core networks and reducing costs;

 

developmentintegration of ubiquitous servicesin-building management solutions for fixed-line and platforms relating to health care systems;wireless networks;

 

intelligent knowledge and smart interaction technologies;aggregating heterogeneous wireless access for double network throughput;

 

various n-screen services,a broadband internet solution that is 10 times faster using legacy copper and fiber lines;

a telecommunication cloud solution which allows purchased content to be viewed on multiple devicescombines network resource virtualization with cloud computing resource;

finding solutions for ultra-definition television set top box and platforms;additional solutions for smart IPTV;

 

smart network architecture;home networking solutions for multiple devices, such as smartphones, tablets, computers and IPTV, as well as electric home appliances;

 

future network structureenvironment-friendly energy technologies including a smart-grid platform;

core technologies for convergence services such as Internet of Things (“IoT”), big data, security, networked automobiles, healthcare and solutions;bio-informatics; and

 

green energy solutions, including smart grid technologies.creating a new convergence business model based on Information Communication Technology (ICT) and incubating new businesses.

Item 5.D.Trend Information

These matters are discussed under Item 5.A. above where relevant.

Item 5.E.Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

These matters are discussed under Item 5.B. above where relevant.

Item 5.F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

These matters are discussed under Item 5.B. above where relevant.

Item 5.G.Safe Harbor

See “Item 3. Key Information—Item 3.D. Risk Factors—Forward-looking statements may prove to be inaccurate.”

Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

Item 6.A.Directors and Senior Management

Directors

Our board of directors has the ultimate responsibility for the administration of our affairs. Our articles of incorporation provide for a board of directors consisting of:

 

up to three non-independent directors, including the Chief Executive Officer; and

 

up to eight outside directors.

All of our directors are elected at the general shareholders’ meeting. If the total assets of a company listed on the KRX KOSPI Market as of the end of the preceding year exceeds(Won)2,000 billion, which is the case with us, the Commercial Code of Korea requires such company to have more than three outside directors with more than half of its total directors being outside directors. The term of office for all directorsa director is up to three years, but the term is extended to the close of the annual

shareholders’ meeting convened with respect to the last full fiscal year of the term.a director’s term of office. If the term of office for thea director is not completed and ends before the close of the annual general meeting of shareholders convened with respect to the last full fiscal year withinof such director’s term of office and a new director is appointed in his or her place, the term of office for such newreplacement director will becoincide with the uncompleted remaining term of office of his or her predecessor.

Under the Commercial Code of Korea, we must establish a committee to nominate candidates for outside directors within the board of directors, and outside directors must make up not lessmore than half of the total members of the outside director candidate nominating committee. According to our articles of incorporation, such committee must consist of one non-independent director and all of our outside directors.directors, other than for election of an outside director resulting from the expiration of the term of the office, in which case such outside director whose term is expiring may not be a member of the committee. Our Outside Director Candidate Nominating Committee nominates outside director candidates for appointment at the general shareholders’ meeting.

Upon the request of any director (to the extent that the board of directors does not separately authorize only a particular director to make such request), a meeting of the board of directors will be assembled. The chairperson of the board of directors is elected from among the outside directors by a resolution of the board of directors. The term of office of the chairperson is for one year.

Our current directors are as follows:

 

Name

  

Position

 Director
Since
 Date of Birth  Expiration
of

Term of
Office
 

Non-Independent Directors(1)

      

Suk-Chae LeeChang-Gyu Hwang

  

Chief Executive Officer

January 2014 (2) January 2009September 11, 194523, 1953   20152017  

Sang-Hoon LeeHeon Moon Lim

  

Senior Executive Vice President

 March 20092014 January 24, 1955November 15, 1960   20132016  

Hyun-Myung PyoJeong-Tae Park

  

Senior Executive Vice President

 March 20092015 October 21, 1958December 10, 1959   20132016  

Outside Directors(1)

      

E. Han KimDo Kyun Song

  

Chairperson of the Board of Directors, Professor, University of MichiganAdvisor, Bae, Kim & Lee LLC

 March 20092013 May 27, 1946September 20, 1943   2015

Choon-Ho Lee

Chairperson of the Board of Directors of Korea Educational Broadcasting System

March 2009July 22, 19452015

Jong-Hwan Song

Professor, Myongji University

March 2010September 5, 19442013

Hyun Nak Lee

Professor, Sejong University

March 2011November 4, 19412014

Byong Won Bahk

Chairperson, Korean Federation of Banks

March 2011September 24, 19522014

Keuk Je Sung

Professor, Graduate School of Pan-Pacific International Studies, Kyunghee University

March 2012June 4, 195320152016  

Sang Kyun Cha

  

Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University

 March 2012 February 19, 1958   20132016

Jong-Goo Kim

Corporate lawyer, New Dimension Law Group

March 2014July 7, 19412017

Chu-Hwan Yim

Director, Korea Information & Communication Industry Institute

March 2014February 9, 19492016

Suk-Gwon Chang

Professor, Department of Business, Hanyang University

March 2014February 21, 19562018

Dae-Keun Park

Professor, Department of Economics and Finance, Hanyang University

March 2014March 15, 19582017

Dong-Wook Chung

Senior Counsel, Kim, Choi & Lim

March 2015August 22, 19492018

Daiwon Hyun

Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Sogang University

March 2015August 1, 19642018  

 

 

(1)All of our non-independent and outside directors beneficially own less than one percent of the issued shares of KT Corporation in the aggregate.

(2)On November 12, 2013, Mr. Suk-Chae Lee resigned from his position as the President and Chief Executive Officer of KT Corporation. Mr. Chang-Gyu Hwang’s appointment as the new Chief Executive Officer was approved at an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders held on January 27, 2014.

Chang-Gyu Hwang is a non-independent director and has served as our chief executive officer since January 2009.2014. Prior to joining us, he served as a senior advisorDistinguished Chair Professor at Sungkyunkwan University, president and National Chief Technology Officer of Bae, Kim & Lee LLC,the Office of Strategic Research and Development Planning at the former Ministry of Knowledge and Economy, president and chief economic advisor totechnology officer of the PresidentCorporate Technology Office at Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and as president and chief executive officer of Korea, Minister of Information and Telecommunications and Vice Minister of Finance and Economy.the Semiconductor Business at Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Mr. LeeHwang holds a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree in economicselectric engineering from Seoul National University an M.A. degree in political economy from Boston University and a Ph.D. degree in economicselectronic and computer engineering from Boston University.the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Sang-Hoon LeeHeon Moon Lim is a non-independent director and has served as thesenior executive vice president of the Global & EnterpriseKT’s Customer Business Group since March 2009.February 2014. He has previously served as seniora professor of economics and management at Chungnam National University and an executive vice president of theKT’s Telecom & Convergence Business Development Group and executive vice president of theHome Business Marketing Unit.Group. Mr. LeeLim holds a bachelor’s degree in engineeringbusiness administration from Yonsei University and a Ph.D. in business administration from Seoul National University and both his master’s degree and Ph.D degree in electric engineering from University of Pennsylvania.University.

Hyun-Myung PyoJeong-Tae Parkis a non-independent director and has served as thea senior executive vice president of the Personal Customer GroupKT’s Legal & Ethics Office since December 2009.February 2014. He has previously served as senioran executive vice president of theKT’s Group Shared Service Group, Strategy & Planning Office at KT’s Corporate Center and senior vice president of the WiBro Business Unit and head of the Marketing Group of KTF.Procurement Strategy Office. Mr. PyoPark holds a bachelor’s degree in electronicindustrial engineering from Korea University and both his graduate and Ph.D degrees in electronic engineering from Korea University.

E. Han Kim has served as our outside director since March 2009. He is currently a professor of business administration at University of Michigan and has served as outside director of POSCO and Hana Bank. Mr. Kim holds a bachelor’s degree from Rochester University, a master’s degree in business administration from Cornell University and a Ph.D. degree in finance from State University of New York-Buffalo.

Choon-Ho Lee has served as our outside director since March 2009. She is currently the chairperson of the board of directors of Korea Educational Broadcasting System. Ms. Lee has served as a director of the board of Seoul Foundation for Arts and Culture. She holds a bachelor’s degree in politics and foreign affairs from Ewha Womans University and has received both her graduate and Ph.D. degrees in education from Inha University.

Jong-Hwan Song has served as our outside director since March 2010. He is currently a professor of North Korean studies at Myongji University. Mr. Song holds a bachelor’s degree and a graduate degree in international relations from Seoul National University and a Ph.D.master’s degree in political scienceindustrial engineering from Hanyang University.Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.

Hyun-Nak LeeDo Kyun Songhas served as our outside director since March 2011.2013. He is currently a professor at Sejong University, andan advisor to the law firm of Bae, Kim & Lee LLC. He was formerly a standing member of the KCC and the chief executive officer of Kyonggi Ilbo and an executive director and chief editor of Donga Ilbo.Seoul Broadcasting System Co., Ltd. Mr. LeeSong holds a bachelor’s degree in economicsSpanish literature from Seoul National University.Hanguk University of Foreign Studies.

Byong-Won Bahk has served as our outside director since March 2011. He is currently a chairperson of Korean Federation of Banks. He was formerly a vice minister of the Ministry of Finance and Economy, a chief executive officer and chairperson of board of directors at Woori Finance Holdings Co., Ltd. and a chairperson of board of directors at Woori Bank. Mr. Bahk holds a master’s degree in economics from Washington University.

Keuk Je Sunghas served as our outside director since March 2012. He is currently a professor at Kyunghee University Graduate School of Pan-Pacific International Studies. He was formerly Korea’s chief negotiator to the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services. Mr. Sung holds a Ph.D. degree in economics from Northwestern University.

Sang Kyun Chahas served as our outside director since March 2012. He is currently a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Seoul National University. He was formerly a founder and currently an outside director ofPreviously, he founded Transact In Memory, Inc. (currentlyin the United States, which was acquired by SAP AG in 2005, and was subsequently transformed into SAP Labs Korea).Korea, Inc. He continues to serve as a director of SAP Labs Korea, Inc. Mr. Cha holds a Ph.D. degree in database systems from Stanford University.

Jong-Goo Kimhas served as our outside director since March 2014. He is currently a corporate lawyer at the New Dimension Law Group. Previously, he served as the minister of the Ministry of Justice and as the head of the Seoul Supreme Prosecutors’ Office. Mr. Kim holds both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree in law from Seoul National University and a Ph.D. in law from Dongguk University.

Chu-Hwan Yimhas served as our outside director since March 2014. He is currently the director of the Korea Information & Communication Industry Institute. Mr. Yim was formerly an outside director of Korea Electric Power Corporation, the president of Korea Digital Cable Laboratories, the president of Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, and the secretary general of the Telecommunications Technology Association. Mr. Yim holds both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree in industrial education from Seoul National University and a Ph.D. in telecommunication systems from Technical University of Braunshweig.

Suk-Gwon Changhas served as our outside director since March 2014. He is currently a professor of business administration at Hanyang University and the president of the Korea Operations Research and Management Science Society. Mr. Chang was formerly the dean of Hanyang Cyber University Graduate School and the president of the Korea Association for Telecommunication Policy and Korea Media Management Association. Mr. Chang holds a bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering from Seoul National University, a master’s degree in industrial engineering from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, and a Ph.D. in management science from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.

Dae-Keun Park has served as our outside director since March 2014. He is currently a professor of economics and finance at Hanyang University, the chairperson of the Financial Development Review Committee at the Financial Services Commission and the director of Hanyang Economic Research Institute. Mr. Park was formerly a vice president of the Korea Finance and Money Association and a member of the Steering Committee at the Korea Finance Corporation. Mr. Park holds a bachelor’s degree in economics from Seoul National University, a master’s degree in management science from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University.

Dong-Wook Chunghas served as our outside director since March 2015. He is currently a Senior Counsel to the law firm of Kim, Choi & Lim. Mr. Chung was formerly a prosecutor at the Seoul High Prosecutor’s Office and the chief prosecutor at the Bucheon Branch of the Incheon District Prosecutor’s Office. Mr. Chung holds a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree in law from Seoul National University.

Daiwon Hyunhas served as our outside director since March 2015. He is currently a professor of mass communication at Sogang University and the chairperson of the Korea Digital Content Industry Forum. Mr. Hyun was formerly the chairperson of the Internet-based Broadcasting Service Promotion Forum and the ‘Beautiful Internet World’ Forum. Mr. Hyun holds a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree in journalism and broadcasting from Sogang University and a Ph.D. in telecommunications and mass media from Temple University.

For the purposes of the Korean Commercial Code, our Chief Executive Officer is deemed to be the “representative director” who is authorized to perform all judicial and extra-judicial acts relating to

our business. Our shareholders elect the Chief Executive Officer in accordance with the provisions of the Commercial Code and our articles of incorporation. A candidate for Chief Executive Officer is nominated by a committee formed for that purpose. The Chief Executive Officer Candidate Nominating Committee consists of:

 

all of our outside directors; and

 

one non-independent director who is not a candidate.

Under our articles of incorporation, the Chief Executive Officer Candidate Nominating Committee must submit a draft management contract between the company and the candidate covering the management objectives of the company to the shareholders’ meeting at the time of nomination of the candidate to the meeting. When the draft management contract has been approved at the shareholders’ meeting, the company enters into such management contract with the Chief Executive Officer. In such case, the chairperson of the Chief Executive Officer Candidate Nominating Committee, on behalf of the company, signs the management contract.

The board of directors may conduct performance review discussions to determine if the new Chief Executive Officer performed his or her duties under the management contract, or hire a professional evaluation agency for such purpose. If the board of directors determines, based on the results of the performance review, that the new Chief Executive Officer has failed to achieve the management goals, it may propose to dismiss the Chief Executive Officer at a shareholders’ meeting.

Senior Management

Our executive officers consist of President, Senior Executive Vice President, Executive Vice Presidents and Senior Vice Presidents. The executive officers other than the non-independent directors are appointed by the Chief Executive Officer and may serve up to three years.

The current executive officers are as follows:

 

Name(1)

  

Title and Responsibilities

  Current
Position Held
Since
  Years
with the
Company  (2)
   Date of Birth

Sung-Bok Jung

President, Legal & Corporate Ethics OfficeJanuary 20093December 7, 1954

Yu-Yeol Seo

President, Home Business GroupJanuary 201033September 9, 1956

Il-Yung KimKyu-Shik Shin

  Senior Executive Vice President, Corporate CenterEnterprise Sales Business Group  January 2010December 2014   24    September 8, 1956June 7, 1957

Yeon-Hak Kim

Senior Executive Vice President, Mobile Business Chief Operating OfficeJanuary 201224May 17, 1962

Hong-Jin Kim

Senior Executive Vice President, Global & Enterprise Business Operating OfficeJanuary 20121April 25, 1953

Won-Ki Hong

Senior Executive Vice President, Advanced Institute of TechnologyMarch 20120September 28, 1959

Sung-Man KimSeong-Mook Oh

  Senior Executive Vice President, Network Group  January 20102014   29    October 3, 1956August 20, 1960

Jung-Hee SongKyu-Taek Nam

  Senior Executive Vice President, Service InnovationMarketing Group  January 20112014   129    February 18, 19586, 1961

Hong-Seok SeoKi-Chul Kim

  Senior Executive Vice President, Corporate Relations OfficeIT Planning Group  January 2011December 2014   110    November 20, 1960January 1, 1955

In-Sung Jun

  Senior Executive Vice President, Group Shared ServiceCorporate Relationship Group  January 20102014   3133    October 9, 1958

Joo-Sung KimHyeon-Mo Ku

  Senior Executive Vice President, Contents & Media Task ForceCEO Office  March 2012December 2014   028    May 14, 1960January 13, 1964

Jeong-Tae ParkMyung-Beom Pyun

  Executive Vice President, Strategy & Planning OfficeCustomer Group, Busan Sales Headquarter  January 2012December 2014   2718    December 10, 1959

Se-Hyun Oh

Executive Vice President, New Business Strategy DepartmentJanuary 20111July 2, 1963

Kyu-Taek Nam

Executive Vice President, Synergy Management OfficeOctober 201025February 6, 1961

Sun-Cheol Gweon

Executive Vice President, Synergy Management DepartmentDecember 201020March 1, 1962

Sang-Jik Lee

Executive Vice President, Legal Affairs CenterJune 20092September 6, 1965

Tae-Hyo Ahn

Executive Vice President, Smart Eco Business UnitJuly 201127January 24, 1962

Heon-Moon Lim

Executive Vice President, Home Business Chief Operating OfficeJanuary 201224November 15,19, 1960

Jong-Jin Chae

  Executive Vice President, Professional ServiceEnterprise Sales Business Group, Enterprise Business Consulting Unit  January 2012December 2014   2528    June 25, 1961

Dong-Hoon HanCha-Hyun Yoon

  Executive Vice President, Service DeliveryNetwork Group, Gangbuk Network Operation Business Unit  December 20102014   30    September 12, 1959December 2, 1961

Kyu-Shik ShinKook-Hyun Kang

  Executive Vice President, Domestic Enterprise Chief Sales OfficeMarketing Group, Marketing Strategy Business Unit  January 2012December 2014   126    June 7, 1957September 8, 1963

Hae-Jung Park

Executive Vice President, Marketing Group, IMC CenterDecember 20148May 23, 1963

Dong-Myun Lee

  Executive Vice President, Institute of Convergence Technology Strategy Office  December 2010January 2014   2024    October 15, 1962

Kyeong-SooMun-Whan Lee

  Executive Vice President, Network StrategyCorporate Planning GroupDecember 201426October 1, 1963

Kwang Suk Shin

Executive Vice President, Corporate Planning Group, Financial OfficeDecember 201426January 5, 1960

Soo-Jung shin

Executive Vice President, Corporate Planning Group, Data & Information Security UnitAugust 20141August 10, 1965

Dong-Su Yi

Executive Vice President, Corporate Planning Group, Brand Management CenterFebruary 20150August 26, 1961

Dae-San Lee

Executive Vice President, Management Support GroupDecember 201428January 10, 1961

Heon-Yong Park

Executive Vice President, Corporate Relationship Group, Corporate Relationship & Cooperation OfficeDecember 201421August 15, 1961

Yeong-Ik Choi

Executive Vice President, Corporate Relationship Group, Corporate Relationship & Support OfficeSeptember 201420January 5, 1961

Kyoung-Lim Yun

Executive Vice President, Future Convergence Business OfficeDecember 20145June 14, 1963

Yoon-Young Park

Executive Vice President, Future Convergence Business Office, Future Business Development Unit  December 20102014   19    February 5, 1960April 18, 1962

Seong-Mok OhCheol-Soo Kim

  Executive Vice President, Mobile NetworkCustomer Value Management OfficeSeptember 20141February 7, 1963

Sang-Bong Nam

Executive Vice President, Legal & Ethics Office, Legal Affairs CenterJanuary 20142October 19, 1963

In-Hoe Kim

Executive Vice President, CEO Office, Department 2December 20141June 25, 1964

Jin-Chul Kim

Senior Vice President, Customer Group, Customer Planning Business Unit  December 20102014   26    August 20, 1960May 25, 1962

Tae-Il ParkHyon-Seog Lee

  ExecutiveSenior Vice President, Network Technology SupportCustomer Group, Sales Operation Business Unit  December 20102014   33February 24, 1956

Hyun-Mi Yang

Executive Vice President, Customer Strategy Business UnitDecember 20102December 4, 1963

Young-Hee Song

Executive Vice President, Content & Media DivisionDecember 20102February 10, 1961

Tae-Yol Yoo

Executive Vice President, Economics & Management Research LaboratoryJanuary 200927April 4, 1960

Bum-Joon Kim

Executive Vice President, Financial Management Office, Chief Financial OfficerFebruary 2012823    March 25, 196510, 1962

Name(1)

  

Title and Responsibilities

  Current
Position Held
Since
  Years
with the
Company  (2)
   Date of Birth

Seok-Keun OhYoung-Ho Kim

  ExecutiveSenior Vice President, Corporate Relations Support OfficeCustomer Group, Sales Operation Business Unit, Mobile Sales Department  January 2012December 2014   13August 28, 1961

Gil-Joo Lee

Executive Vice President, Public Relations OfficeNovember 20063618    September 20, 19553, 1966

Jae-Geun Choi

Executive Vice President, Public Relations DepartmentJanuary 20102November 30, 1961

Sang-Hyo Kim

Executive Vice President, Human Resources OfficeMay 20101April 1, 1956

Young-HuiHong-Jae Lee

  ExecutiveSenior Vice President, Human Resources OfficeCustomer Group, Biz Customer Business Department  October 2011December 2014   30    August 7, 195729, 1962

Sa-Il KwonKyeong-Weon Park

  ExecutiveSenior Vice President, General Affairs OfficeCustomer Group, Fieldwork Support Unit  January 2010December 2014   3426    January 30, 1957June 25, 1963

Eun-Hye KimSang-Keun Ahn

  ExecutiveSenior Vice President, Customer Group, Media & Communications OfficeNorthern Seoul Sales Headquarter  December 20102014   116    January 6, 1971September 10, 1962

Yun-SuJae-Hyeon Kim

  Senior Vice President, Corporate PlanningCustomer Group, Southern Seoul Sales HeadquarterDecember 201418September 26, 1962

Hee-Youp Chang

Senior Vice President, Customer Group, Western Seoul Sales HeadquarterDecember 201429October 1, 1959

Kyoung-Il Kim

Senior Vice President, Customer Group, Daegu Sales HeadquarterMarch 201518May 25, 1967

Yang-Hwan Ryoo

Senior Vice President, Customer Group, Jeonnam Sales HeadquarterDecember 201437October 12, 1958

Man-Soo Oh

Senior Vice President, Customer Group, Jeonbuk Sales HeadquarterDecember 201427February 9, 1961

Hyeong-Chul Park

Senior Vice President, Customer Group, Chungnam Sales HeadquarterDecember 201429February 2, 1962

Jong-Jin Barg

Senior Vice President, Customer Group, Chungbuk Sales HeadquarterDecember 201423August 14, 1963

Dae-Gi Gong

Senior Vice President, Customer Group, Gangwon Sales HeadquarterDecember 201428March 13, 1960

Sang-Yong Lee

Senior Vice President, Enterprise Sales Business Group, Enterprise Business Consulting Unit, ICT Convergence Business Consulting Department  December 201020144December 23, 1967

Ki-Jong Moon

Senior Vice President, Enterprise Sales Business Group, Enterprise Business Performing UnitDecember 201438September 30, 1957

Yoon-Sik Jeong

Senior Vice President, Enterprise Sales Business Group, Enterprise Business Consulting UnitDecember 20146September 30, 1964

Hee-Kyoung Song

Senior Vice President, Enterprise Sales Business Group, Public Customer Business UnitDecember 20142July 24, 1964

Hyung-Joon Kim

Senior Vice President, Enterprise Sales Business Group, Pyung-Chang Winter Olympic Games Business UnitDecember 2014   19    November 2, 1963

Hwa Jung

Senior Vice President, Group Strategy DepartmentDecember 201023August 10, 1964

SangwookChang-Seok Seo

  Senior Vice President, Strategic Investment DepartmentNetwork Group, Network Strategy Unit  November 20110January 26, 1972

Byung-Ho Nam

Senior Vice President, Synergy Development Department 1January 20120February 23, 1967

Eung-Ho Lee

Senior Vice President, Corporate Ethics Department 1January 2010December 2014   21    December 7, 1962July 5, 1967

Eun-SooHyun-Meen Jung

Senior Vice President, Network Group, Network Strategy Unit, Access Network Building DepartmentDecember 201429November 5, 1960

Cheol-Gyu Lee

Senior Vice President, Network Group, Network Operation & Maintenance UnitJanuary 201429August 24, 1960

Jae-Yoon Park

  Senior Vice President, Corporate EthicsNetwork Group, Network Technology Support UnitDecember 201429December 18, 1960

Mi-Na Oh

Senior Vice President, Network Technology Support Unit, Core Net Support Department 2December 201421April 11, 1969

Young-Sik Kim

Senior Vice President, Network Group, Gangnam Network Operation & Maintenance HeadquarterApril 201425March 15, 1961

Ho-Won Moon

Senior Vice President, Network Group, Busan Network Operation & Maintenance HeadquarterApril 201429  January 20107, 1959

Hee-Kwan Ryu

Senior Vice President, Marketing Group, GiGA Business UnitApril 2015   22    January 10, 1962

Kuk-Hyun Kang

Senior Vice President, Mobile Product & Marketing Business UnitJuly 201122September 8, 1963

Hyung-Wook Kim

Senior Vice President, Mobile Device Planning DepartmentJanuary 201015April 24, 1963

Hyeon-Mo Ku

Senior Vice President, Mobile Sales & CS Business UnitJanuary 201224January 13, 1964

Hyon-Seog Lee

Senior Vice President, Mobile Sales Planning DepartmentJanuary 201119March 10, 1962

Chang-Young Yoon

Senior Vice President, Southern Metropolitan Mobile Sales HeadquarterJuly 201125February 24, 1957

Myung-Bum Pyun

Senior Vice President, Northern Metropolitan Mobile Sales HeadquarterJuly 201114June 19, 1960

Jae-Hyeon Kim

Senior Vice President, Chungcheong Mobile Sales HeadquarterJanuary 201014September 26, 1962

Bong-Goon Kwak

Senior Vice President, Mobile Business Fast Incubation CenterJuly 201127March 2, 1960

Young-Lyoul Lee

Senior Vice President, olleh tv Business UnitDecember 20105September 17, 1962

Hae-Jung Park

Senior Vice President, Home Marketing Business UnitJuly 20115May 23, 1963

Seung-Dong Gye

Senior Vice President, Home Sales Business UnitJanuary 201234June 6, 1958

Yong-Hwa Park

Senior Vice President, Home CS Business UnitJuly 201128March 2, 1958

Youn-Mo Jeon

Senior Vice President, Southern Seoul Sales HeadquarterDecember 201014September 6, 1960

Jong-Hack Kang

Senior Vice President, Northern Seoul Sales HeadquarterJanuary 201226April 5, 1959

Jun-Su Jeong

Senior Vice President, Southern Gyeonggi Sales HeadquarterDecember 201019November 2, 1962

Wook-Yeong Ryu

Senior Vice President, Busan Sales HeadquarterJanuary 201236December 20, 1956

Doo-Soo Chung

Senior Vice President, Incheon Sales HeadquarterJanuary 201033August 22, 1959

Name(1)

  

Title and Responsibilities

  Current
Position Held
Since
  Years
with the
Company  (2)
   Date of Birth

Jin-HoonPill-Jai Lee

Senior Vice President, Marketing Group, Media Business UnitApril 201527October 3, 1961

Sun-Woo Lee

Senior Vice President, Marketing Group, Enterprise Solution Business UnitDecember 201424January 17, 1966

Hyeon-Seuk Lee

Senior Vice President, Marketing Group, Device Business UnitDecember 201418November 12, 1966

Hye-Jeong Yun

Senior Vice President, Marketing Group, Service Development Business UnitDecember 201424June 12, 1966

Young-Myoung Kim

  Senior Vice President, Daegu Sales HeadquarterInstitute of Convergence Technology, Research Support Department, ICT Cooperation Team  January 20122014   2526    May 5, 1960November 13, 1961

Young-Beum JooHong-Beom Jeon

  Senior Vice President, Northern Gyeonggi Sales HeadquarterInstitute of Convergence Technology, Infra Laboratory  January 2012201424October 3, 1962

Sook-Kyung Sung

Senior Vice President, Institute of Convergence Technology Infra Laboratory, Intellectual Property Right DepartmentJanuary 201415November 18, 1964

Seong-Choon Lee

Senior Vice President, Institute of Convergence Technology, Service LaboratoryJanuary 201430March 28, 1960

Gyung-Pyo Hong

Senior Vice President, Institute of Convergence Technology, Convergence LaboratoryDecember 201428June 10, 1962

Jae-Ho Jang

Senior Vice President, IT Planning Group, IT Strategy & Planning DepartmentDecember 20142July 12, 1962

June-Keun Kim

Senior Vice President, IT Planning Group, Business Infrastructure DepartmentDecember 20145November 12, 1966

Jeong-Min Woo

Senior Vice President, IT Planning Group, Next Generation System Development UnitDecember 201420February 25, 1964

Jong-Ook Park

Senior Vice President, Corporate Planning Group, Strategy & Planning OfficeDecember 2014   22    October 1, 1963January 24, 1962

Jin-Chul KimDong-Seope Park

  Senior Vice President, Jeonnam Sales HeadquarterCorporate Planning Group, Strategy & Planning Office, Strategy & Planning Department  January 20122014   2330    May 25, 1962November 5, 1961

Pan-Sik ShinSang-Wook Seo

  Senior Vice President, Global Project TFCorporate Planning Group, Strategy Investment Department  January 2012June 2014   253    February 25, 1959January 26, 1972

Moon-Hwan LeeJung-Yong Moon

  Senior Vice President, GlobalCorporate Planning Group, Strategy & Enterprise Business Strategy Business UnitPlanning Office, Affiliate Management Department 1  January 2012December 2014   2321    October 1, 1963August 24, 1962

Won-Sik HanWon-Sic Hahn

  Senior Vice President, Enterprise Product Business UnitCorporate Planning Group, Procurement Cooperation Office  January 2012December 2014   2630    October 26, 1960

Jun-Sick BahkKyung-Joon Lee

  Senior Vice President, Global Business Development UnitCorporate Planning Group, Procurement Cooperation Office, Procurement Strategy Department  January 2012December 2014   124    February 16, 1967June 2, 1963

Jung-Sub KwakKong-Hwan Lee

  Senior Vice President, Global Sales Business UnitManagement Support Group, Human Resources Office  October 2011December 2014   020    April 2, 1961September 20, 1966

Hyung-Joon KimHyun-Yok Sheen

  Senior Vice President, Global Network Business DepartmentManagement Support Group, Management Support Office  January 201217November 2, 1963

Sang-Wook Kim

Senior Vice President, Asia DepartmentJanuary 20121February 14, 1965

Dae-Su Park

Senior Vice President, Public Customer Business UnitJanuary 20122014   22    October 28, 1963August 25, 1968

Jae-Gyo Kim

Senior Vice President, Public Customer Department 1January 201133September 23, 1958

Yoon-Sik Jeong

Senior Vice President, Enterprise Customer Business Unit 1December 20103September 30, 1964

Kyung-Seok Park

Senior Vice President, Enterprise Customer Business Unit 2December 201025February 10, 1958

Young-Sik Park

Senior Vice President, SMB Customer Business UnitDecember 201033April 9, 1957

Young-Taik Kim

Senior Vice President, Satellite Business UnitNovember 201125May 10, 1958

Gang-GeunSung-Q Lee

  Senior Vice President, Northern Seoul Corporate Sales HeadquarterJanuary 201223June 22, 1961

Hong-Jae Lee

Senior Vice President, Southern Seoul Corporate Sales HeadquarterJanuary 201226August 29, 1962

Hyung-Chul Park

Senior Vice President, Southern Gyeonggi Corporate Sales HeadquarterManagement Support Group, Management Support Office, Labor Relations Department 1  December 201026February 2, 1962

Tae-Il Kwon

Senior Vice President, Northern Gyeonggi Corporate Sales HeadquarterJanuary 201226January 11, 1958

Sung-Hwan Gong

Senior Vice President, Jeonnam Corporate Sales HeadquarterDecember 201026December 21, 1960

Yoon-Young Park

Senior Vice President, Technology Development OfficeJanuary 201019April 18, 1962

Han-Wook Jung

Senior Vice President, Central R&D LaboratoryJanuary 201026January 22, 1961

Sung-Chun Lee

Senior Vice President, Network R&D LaboratoryDecember 201026May 28, 1960

Jin-Soo Sohn

Senior Vice President, Smart Grid & Energy Business Development UnitJanuary 201226December 15, 1960

Jae-Yoon Park

Senior Vice President, Metropolitan Mobile Network O&M HeadquarterJanuary 20122014   25    December 18, 196024, 1965

Cha-Hyun YoonJun-Su Jeong

  Senior Vice President, Network Design Business UnitManagement Support Group, Corporate Culture Office  December 2010May 2014   2623    DecemberNovember 2, 19611962

Yung-Sig YoonYoung-Min Choi

  Senior Vice President, Network O&M Business UnitManagement Support Group, KT Group HR Development Academy  December 2010January 2015   270    November 20, 1956September 8, 1961

Young-Hyun KimYoung-Suk Jeon

  Senior Vice President, Gangbuk Network O&M HeadquarterManagement Support Group, KT Group HR Development Academy Educational Dispatch  January 2012February 2015   3423    December 19, 195814, 1963

Chan-Kyung ParkHan-Sup Lee

  Senior Vice President, Gangnam Network O&M HeadquarterManagement Support Group, KT Group HR Development Academy Educational Dispatch  January 2012February 2015   26January 1, 1959

Tae-Geun Kim

Senior Vice President, Chungcheong Network O&M HeadquarterDecember 20102819    March 16, 19596, 1966

Name(1)

  

Title and Responsibilities

  Current
Position Held
Since
  Years
with the
Company  (2)
   Date of Birth

Cheol-Gyu LeeSung-Kyu Yang

  Senior Vice President, Honam Network O&M HeadquarterManagement Support Group, KT Group HR Development Academy Educational Dispatch  January 2012February 2015   2527    August 24, 1960March 14, 1962

Kun-Muk ChoDae-Su Park

  Senior Vice President, Busan Network O&M HeadquarterJanuary 201229November 7, 1958

Hyeon-Kyu Lee

Senior Vice President, Advanced Platform Development Business UnitJuly 20111May 13, 1962

Jae Lee

Senior Vice President, BizCorporate Relation Group, Economics & IS Transformation UnitManagement Research Institute  December 20101March 2, 1970

Moon-Chul Jung

Senior Vice President, Customer Satisfaction Planning Business UnitJanuary 20122014   26    August 5, 1957

Ji-Yun Kim

Senior Vice President, Cloud Business UnitJanuary 20120January 27, 1968

Dong-Sik Yun

Senior Vice President, Cloud Infrastructure DepartmentApril 201023June 9, 1963

Kyung-Kon Koh

Senior Vice President, Internet Business UnitDecember 20102AprilOctober 28, 1963

Jae-Ho Jang

Senior Vice President, IT Strategy Business UnitFebruary 20120July 12, 1962

Sang-Yong Lee

Senior Vice President, Data & Information Security DepartmentNovember 20101December 23,
1967

Young-Soo Woo

Senior Vice President, Value Creation UnitMarch, 20120August 13, 1964

Hyo-Sill Kim

Senior Vice President, Smart Network Policy TFFebruary 201219April 17, 1963

Gwang-Suk Shin

Senior Vice President, Financial Resources Department 1December 201023January 5, 1960

Seong-Jin Lee

Senior Vice President, Accounting DepartmentJanuary 200915December 2, 1958

Hee-Su Kim

  Senior Vice President, Corporate Relations Strategy DepartmentRelation Group, Economics & Management Research Institute  February 2012December 2014   04    October 15, 1962

Choong-SeopSeung-Yong Lee

  Senior Vice President, Corporate Relations Cooperation DepartmentRelation Group, Creative Economic Initiative Center  January 2012December 2014   1222May 18, 1964

Young-Ho Oh

Senior Vice President, Public Relations OfficeMarch 201417September 16, 1962

Jae-Ho Song

Senior Vice President, Future Convergence Business Office, Future Business Strategy DepartmentDecember 201422March 26, 1966

Seong-Hoon Kim

Senior Vice President, Future Convergence Business Office, Smart Energy Business UnitDecember 20142September 29, 1964

Yi-Shik Kim

Senior Vice President, Future Convergence Business Office, Big Data CenterDecember 20142October 16, 1968

Tae-Sung Lim

Senior Vice President, Global Business UnitDecember 201424March 4, 1963

Hwa Jung

Senior Vice President, Customer Value Management Office, In-House Consulting UnitDecember 201426August 10, 1964

Weon-Kyung Kim

Senior Vice President, Legal & Ethics Office, Corporate Audit CenterDecember 201424    June 3, 195815, 1963

Young-PilKeum-Seok Shin

Senior Vice President, Legal & Ethics Office, Corporate Audit Center, Corporate Audit Department 2December 201425February 18, 1965

Byung-Sam Park

  Senior Vice President, Corporate Relations SupportLegal & Ethics Office, Legal Affairs Center, Legal Department 1  March 2009April 2014   72    February 9,October 13, 1966

Sang-Kwi Chang

Senior Vice President, Legal & Ethics Office, Legal Affairs Center, Legal Department 2May 20141July 12, 1968

Yong-SeokHyoung-Wook Kim

Senior Vice President, CEO Office Department 1December 201418April 24, 1963

Kyung-Keun Yoon

  Senior Vice President, Real Assets ManagementCEO Office Department 2  January 2012December 2014   19    April 10, 1957January 14, 1963

Sang-Pyo Kwon

Senior Vice President, Procurement Strategy OfficeJanuary 201226January 7, 1960

Kwang-Jin Oh

Senior Vice President, Group Consulting Support OfficeJanuary 201214January 15, 1959

Pill-Jai Lee

Senior Vice President, BTO Planning DepartmentSeptember 201024October 3, 1961

Sung-Hoon ShimJong-Jin Yoon

  Senior Vice President, CEO Office Department 3  January 2009February 2015   230    February 25,9, 1964

Ki-Soong Jang

Senior Vice President, Educational DispatchJanuary 201226October 17, 1958

Jung-Won Park

Senior Vice President, Educational DispatchJanuary 201225July 26, 1959

Hong-Beom Jeon

Senior Vice President, Educational DispatchJanuary 201220October 3, 1962

Dae-San Lee

Senior Vice President, Research and DevelopmentJanuary 201225January 10, 1961

Seok-Gyoon Na

Senior Vice President, Research and DevelopmentJanuary 201227October 26, 1958

 

(1)All of our executive officers beneficially own less than one percent of the issued shares of KT Corporation in the aggregate.

(2)Does not include period of employment by KT Corporation’s affiliates.

Item 6.B.Compensation

Compensation of Directors

In 2011,2014, the total amount of salaries, bonuses (including long-term performance-based incentives for directors) and allowances paid and accrued to all directors of KT Corporation for services in all capacities was approximately(Won)5 billion.3.0 billion, which were paid on a cash basis.

Until February 2010, we had no incentive based compensation program for outside directors. Instead, compensation was paid to outside directors in fixed amounts as an allowance for any expenses they incurred in executing their duties. The aggregate amount accrued by usboard of directors introduced a new compensation program for outside directors in March 2010, which consists of cash and stock grants and requires a one year lock-up period, at a ratio of 3 to provide retirement benefits to such persons1. The total cash basis remuneration for outside directors for 2014 was recorded at(Won)270617 million.

The compensation of our directors and executive officers who received total annual compensation exceeding500 million in 2011. Starting in 2009, we no longer pay long-term performance-based incentives to our outside directors.2014 were as follows:

Name

Position

Total Compensation
in 2014

Composition of Total
Compensation

(In millions of Won)

Hwang, Chang-Gyu

Representative Director507429 million (salary);75 million (bonus);3 million (benefits)

Pyo, Hyeon Myeong

Former President64171 million (salary);92 million (bonus);10 million (benefits);468 million (severance)

The chairperson of the Chief Executive Officer Candidate Nominating Committee enters into an employment agreement on our behalf with our Chief Executive Officer. The employment agreement sets certain management targets to be achieved by the Chief Executive Officer, including a target for the amount of “EBITDA” to be achieved in each year. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization. Failure to achieve certain thresholds below the targets will allow the board of directors to take actions with respect to the Chief Executive Officer’s employment, including proposing to the shareholders’ meeting an early termination of his employment. In addition, the head of each of our functional departments, the president of each of our subsidiaries and the heads of each regional head office have entered into employment agreements with the Chief Executive Officer that provide for similar management targets to be achieved by each of our departments, subsidiaries and regional head offices.

Item 6.C.Board Practices

As of December 31, 2011,2014, none of our non-independent or outside directors maintained directors’ service contracts with us or with any of our subsidiaries providing for benefits upon termination of employment.

Corporate Governance Committee

The Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of four outside directors and one non-independent director, Choon-Ho Lee, E. Han Kim,Suk-Gwon Chang, Do Kyun Song, Sang Kyun Cha, Dae-Keun Park and Hyun-Myung Pyo.Jeong-Tae Park. The chairperson is Choon-Ho Lee.Suk-Gwon Chang. The committee is responsible for the review of matters with respect to our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our performance under such guidelines to monitor effectiveness of our corporate governance.

Outside Director Candidate Nominating Committee

The Outside Director Candidate Nominating Committee consists of one non-independent director and all of our outside directors, other than for election of an outside director resulting from the expiration of the term of the office, in which case such outside director whose term is expiring may not be a member of the committee. The committee’s duties include reviewing the qualifications of potential candidates and proposing nominees to serve as outside directors on our board of directors to the shareholders at the general meeting of shareholders. The committee members’ terms expire immediately after the adjournment of the shareholders’ meeting where the outside directors are elected.

Evaluation and Compensation Committee

The Evaluation and Compensation Committee is currently comprised of four outside directors, Hyun-Nak Lee, Choon-Ho Lee, Jong-HwanChu-Hwan Yim, Do Kyun Song, Suk-Gwon Chang and Keuk Je Sung.Daiwon Hyun. The chairperson is Hyun-Nak Lee.Chu-Hwan Yim. The committee’s duties include prior review of the Chief Executive Officer’s management goals, terms and conditions proposed for inclusion in the management contract of the Chief Executive Officer, including, but not limited to, determining whether the Chief Executive Officer has achieved the management goals, and the determination of compensation of the Chief Executive Officer and the non-independent directors. The committee members are elected by the board after the closing of the annual meeting, and the term of the committee members is for one year.

Executive Committee

The Executive Committee is currently comprised of all of the non-independent directors. The chairperson is Suk-Chae Lee.Chang-Gyu Hwang. The committee’s duties include the establishment and management of

branch offices, the acquisition and disposal of real estate having market value between(Won)15 billion to(Won)30 billion, making investments and providing guarantees upbetween15 billion to(Won)30 billion, the disposal and sale of stocks of our subsidiaries, which stocks have a market value of between(Won)15 billion and(Won)30 billion, provided that no change of control with respect to such subsidiary occurs as a result of such disposal or sale for stocks with market value of10 billion or more, the authorization of charitable contributions between(Won)100 million to(Won)1 billion and the issuance of certain debt securities.

Related-Party Transactions Committee

The Related-Party Transactions Committee is currently comprised of four outside directors, Jong-Hwan Song, Byong Won Bahk, Keuk Je SungDong-Wook Chung, Jong-Goo Kim, Chu-Hwan Yim and Sang Kyun Cha.Daiwon Hyun. The chairperson is Jong-Hwan Song.Dong-Wook Chung. This committee reviews transactions between KT Corporation and its subsidiaries and ensures compliance with applicable antitrust laws. The committee members are elected by the board after the annual meeting, and the term of the committee members is for one year.

Audit Committee

Under the Commercial Code of Korea and our articles of incorporation, we are required to establish an audit committee comprised of three or more outside directors comprised of at least two-thirds of the audit committee members. Audit Committee members must also meet the applicable independence criteria set forth under the rules and regulations of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The committee is currently comprised of Hyun-Nak Lee, E. HanJong-Goo Kim, Sang Kyun Cha, Dae-Keun Park and Byong Won Bahk.Dong-Wook Chung. The chairperson is Hyun-Nak Lee.Jong-Goo Kim and the financial expert is Dae-Keun Park. Members of the committee are elected by our shareholders at the shareholders’ meeting. Our internal and external auditors report directly to the committee.

The duties of the committee include:

 

appointing independent auditors;

 

approving the appointment and recommending the dismissal of the internal auditor;

 

evaluating performance of independent auditors;

 

approving services to be provided by the independent auditors;

 

reviewing annual financial statements;

reviewing audit results and reports;

 

reviewing and evaluating our system of internal controls and policies; and

 

examining improprieties or suspected improprieties.

In addition, in connection with the shareholders’ meeting, the committee examines the agenda for, and financial statement and other reports to be submitted by the board of directors, at each shareholders’ meeting.

Item 6.D.Employees

On a non-consolidated basis, we had 31,21523,371 employees as of December 31, 2011,2014, compared to 31,15532,451 employees as of December 31, 20102013 and 30,84132,186 employees as of December 31, 2009.

2012.

The Voluntary Early Retirement Plans

We regularly sponsor a voluntary early retirement planplans where we provide additional financial incentives for our employees to retire early, as part of our efforts to improve operational efficiencies. In 2008, 1,1412012, 2013 and 2014, 183, 269 and 8,345 employees, respectively, retired under KT Corporation’s voluntary early retirement plan.this program.

In 2009,April 2014, we had a voluntary early retirement plan where we received applications from employees who had been employed by us for more than 20 years. In addition, we heldannounced the commencement of a special voluntary early retirement program in the fourth quarter of 2009 where we received applications for voluntary early retirement from employees who hadhave been employed by us for more than 15 years and provided themyears. This special early retirement program provides our employees with additional financial incentives to retire early.early as part of our efforts to improve operational efficiencies. Our employees will be offered the option of either receiving additional severance payment or employment for two years at certain of our subsidiaries or affiliates as part of the special retirement scheme. The special voluntary early retirement program resulted in the early retirement of 8,304 employees. In aggregate, 6,5158,345 employees retired in 20092014 under the regular voluntary early retirement plan and the special voluntary early retirement program.

In 2010 and 2011, 124 and 334 employees, respectively, retired under KT Corporation’s voluntary We paid1.3 trillion as severance benefits in connection with our early retirement plan. We did not have a special voluntary early retirement program in 2010 or 2011.programs during 2014, which was financed through cash on hand and bond issuances.

Labor Relations

We consider our current relations with our work force to be good. However, in the past, we have experienced opposition from our labor union for our strategy of restructuring to improve our efficiency and profitability by disposing of non-core businesses and reducing our employee base.

As of December 31, 2011,2014, about 78.5%75.8% of allthe employees of KT Corporation were members of the KT Trade Union. On behalf of its members, the Union negotiates with us a collective bargaining agreement every two years, and our current collective bargaining agreement expires on May 23, 2013.2015. The current collective bargaining agreement provides that even in the event of a strike, the minimum number of employees necessary to operate the telecommunications business must continue to work.

The Union also negotiates with us an annual agreement on wages on behalf of its members. Under the Act of the Promotion of Worker’s Participation and Cooperation, our Employee-Employer Cooperation Committees, which are composed of representatives of management and labor for each business unit and regional office, meet quarterly to discuss employee grievances, working conditions and potential employee-initiated improvements in service or management.

Recent amendments to the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act (“Labor Act”), which became effective on July 1, 2011, allow multiple labor unions to be formed within one company. Therefore, additional labor unions may be formed by our employees. Pursuant to such amendments, our employees formed a new labor union called “KT New Union” in August 2011. The amended Labor Act also requires such multiple unions to consolidate themselves into a single channel when negotiating with the company on behalf of their members and to enter into a single collective bargaining agreement with the company. As a result of the recent consolidation of labor unions, KT Trade Union was selected as the bargaining representative of the labor unions. Its term as the bargaining representative will last for two years from January 1, 2014, and will expire on December 31, 2015.

Employee Stock Ownership and Benefits

We have an employee stock ownership association, which may purchase on behalf of its members up to 20.0% of any of our shares offered publicly in Korea. The employee stock ownership association owned 1.36%0.64% of our issued shares as of December 31, 2011.2014.

In accordance with the National Pension Act of Korea, we contribute an amount equal to 4.5% of an employee’s standard monthly wages, and each employee contributes 4.5% of his or her standard monthly wages, into his or her personal pension account. Our employees, including executive officers

as well as non-executive employees, are subject to a pension insurance system, under which we make monthly contributions to the pension accounts of the employees, and upon retirement, such employees are paid the pension amount due from their pension accounts. Prior to April 2011, our executive and non-executive employees were subject to a lump-sum severance payment system, under which they were entitled to receive a lump-sum severance payment upon termination of their employment, based on their length of service and salary level at the time of termination. Starting in April 2011, in accordance with the Korean Employee Retirement Income Security Act, we replaced such lump-sum severance payment system with our current pension insurance system in the form of a defined benefit plan, and also introduced a defined contribution plan in December 2012, with a total combined unfunded portion of approximately(Won)426503 billion as of December 31, 2011.2014. Lump-sum severance amounts previously accrued prior to our adoption of the current pension insurance system continue to remain payable. We also provide a wide range of fringe benefits to our employees, including housing, housing loans, company-provided hospitals and schools, a company-sponsored pension program, an employee welfare fund, industrial disaster insurance, cultural and athletic facilities, physical education grants, meal allowances, medical examinations and training and resort centers. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Item. 5.A. Operating Results—Salaries and Related Costs.”

Employee Training

The objective of our training program is to develop information and technology specialists who are able to create value for our customers. In order to develop skills of our employees, we require 60 hours of training per year from most of our employees, using individually-tailored curriculums based on individual assessments. We also operate Cyber Academy to provide online classes to our employees, as well as offer various foreign language classes to our employees. In addition, we provide tuition and living expense reimbursements to our high potential individuals who pursue graduate programs in Korea and abroad, as well as provide financial assistance to those who pursue work-related professional licenses or participate in after-work study programs.

Item 6.E.Share Ownership

Common Stock

The persons who are currently our directors held, as a group, 57,33910,919 common shares as of March 31, 2012,2015, the most recent date for which this information is available. The table below shows the ownership of our common shares by directors:

 

Shareholders

  Number of Common
Shares Owned
 

Suk-Chae LeeChang-Gyu Hwang

   33,793  

Sang-Hoon LeeHeon Moon Lim

   13,800907  

Hyun-Myung PyoJeong-Tae Park

   6,2666,542

Do Kyun Song

337  

Sang Kyun Cha

   2,4003,133  

E. HanJong-Goo Kim

270

Choon-Ho Lee

270

Jong-Hwan Song

270

Hae-Bang Chung

270

Hyun Nak Lee

     

Keuk Je SungChu-Hwan Yim

Suk-Gwon Chang

Dae-Keun Park

Dong-Wook Chung

Daiwon Hyun

     

Stock Options

We have not granted any stock options to our current directors and executive officers.

Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

Item 7.A.Major Shareholders

The following table sets forth certain information relating to the shareholders of our common stock as of December 31, 2011:2014:

 

Shareholders

  Number of
Shares
   Percent of
Total
Shares Issued
 

National Pension Corporation

   22,373,434     8.57

NTTDoCoMo, Inc.

   14,257,813     5.46

Employee stock ownership association

   3,558,570     1.36

Directors as a group

   57,339     0.01

Public

   203,054,090     77.77

KT Corporation (held in the form of treasury stock)(1)

   17,810,562     6.82
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total issued shares

   261,111,808     100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)Includes shares of treasury stock owned by our treasury stock fund.

Shareholders

  Number of
Shares
   Percent of
Total
Shares Issued
 

National Pension Corporation

   22,082,607     8.46

NTTDoCoMo, Inc.

   14,257,813     5.46

Silchester International Investors LLP

   13,809,192     5.29

Employee stock ownership association

   1,663,392     0.64

Directors as a group

   10,919     0.01

Public

   193,038,785     73.93

KT Corporation (held in the form of treasury stock)

   16,249,100     6.22
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total issued shares

   261,111,808     100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Item 7.B.Related Party Transactions

We have engaged in various transactions with our subsidiaries and affiliated companies. See Notes 35Note 34 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We have not issued any guarantees in favor of our consolidated subsidiaries.

Item 7.C.Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

Item 8. Financial Information

Item 8.A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

See “Item 18—Financial Statements” and pages F-1 through F-96.F-106.

Legal Proceedings

In November 2009, 56 of our former customers began a claim against us for an aggregate(Won)130 million in damages, alleging that we improperly subscribed them to our optional flat rate plans for fixed-line services without properly obtaining their consent or giving notification. The Seoul Central District Court ruled in favor of us on all claims in May 2011, and the plaintiffs filed an appeal in June 2011. The Seoul High Court overruled the plaintiffs’ appeal in December 2011, and the plaintiffs subsequently filed an appeal to the Supreme Court of Korea. In March 2012, the Supreme Court of Korea denied the plaintiffs’ appeal. In connection with this complaint, the Korea Communications Commission investigated our past practices regarding our subscription of customers to optional flat rate plans, and issued an administrative decision in April 2011 which imposed several corrective orders including amendments to our standard terms of use and issuance of an administrative fine of approximately(Won)10 billion. We paid such fines to the Korea Communications Commission and implemented its corrective orders.

As part of our decision to apply for reallocation of the 20 MHz bandwidth in the 1.8 GHz spectrum, we applied to the Korea Communications Commission to terminate our 2G PCS services,

and on November 23, 2011, the Korea Communications Commission approved our plan. However, on November 30, 2011, approximately 900 of our 2G PCS service subscribers filed a class-action suit against the Korea Communications Commission for its approval of our plan, claiming that we used improper means to reduce our 2G PCS subscribers to comply with regulatory requirements before terminating the 2G PSC services and that the Korea Communications Commission did not consider such factor in approving our plan. On December 6, 2011, the Seoul Administrative Court issued a preliminary injunction, which temporarily suspended our termination of the 2G PCS services until the case went to trial. We immediately appealed the decision and the Seoul High Court overruled the preliminary injunction on December 26, 2011 and reinstated the Korea Communications Commission’s approval. Accordingly, we terminated our 2G PCS services in the Seoul metropolitan area and began the termination process for the rest of Korea on January 3, 2012. On January 12, 2012, the 2G subscribers filed an appeal of the Seoul High Court’s decision with the Supreme Court of Korea, and on February 1, 2012, the Supreme Court of Korea denied such appeal. On January 17, 2012, trial for the original class-action suit filed by the 2G subscribers began in the Seoul Administrative Court. The outcome of the trial, and any effect it may have on us, cannot be determined at this time.

In MarchJuly 2012, the Fair Trade Commission issued to us an administrative fine of approximately(Won)5 billion as well as certain corrective orders, after investigating certain pricing and subsidy practices of mobile service carriers and handset manufacturers. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., LG Electronics Co., Ltd., Pantech Curitel Co., Ltd., SK Telecom and LG U+ were also issued administrative fines as a result of the investigation. We expectfiled for a stay of execution of the Fair Trade Commission’s decision, and in September 2012, the Seoul High Court granted a stay of execution with respect to paythe corrective order, and denied the stay of execution with respect to the administrative fine. We paid the entire fine in September 2012. In September 2012, we filed a lawsuit with the Seoul High Court against the Fair Trade Commission to appeal the administrative fine and the corrective order, and on February 6, 2014, the Seoul High Court ruled against us on our appeal. In February 2014, we filed another appeal with respect to the administrative fine with the Supreme Court of Korea and filed for a stay of execution with respect to the corrective order in March 2014, which was accepted and became effective in April 2014. The appeal is currently ongoing. The outcome of this case will not result in any fine in addition to the fine we already paid in September 2012.

Based on investigations conducted in December 2012 and January 2013, the KCC imposed a combined fine of approximately12 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us in January 2013 (our fine being approximately2.9 billion), for providing subsidies that were higher than those allowed under current regulations to new mobile phone purchasers and subscribers, and also imposed temporary suspensions from recruiting new subscribers ranging from 20 days to 24 days. In March 2013, the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately5 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately1.6 billion) for continuing to offer subsidies during the suspension period. In July 2013, the KCC imposed a combined fine of approximately67 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately20 billion) and also imposed a seven day suspension on us from recruiting new subscribers, also in connection with providing excessive handset subsidies to new subscribers. In December 2013, the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately106 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately30 billion), which is the largest fine ever imposed by the KCC on local mobile operators for providing excessive subsidies to new subscribers. On March 7, 2014, the MSIP imposed a temporary suspension on us for 45 days (from March 13, 2014 to April 26, 2014), SK Telecom for 45 days (from April 5, 2014 to May 19, 2014), and LG U+ for 45 days (from March 13, 2014 to April 4, 2014 and again from April 27, 2014 to May 18, 2014) from recruiting new subscribers as a result of continuing to offer excessive handset subsidies to new subscribers, despite the order from the KCC prohibiting such subsidies. Additionally, the MSIP announced that it plans to bring criminal charges with fines of up to150 million and imprisonment of less than three years against any carrier and responsible personnel that fails to adhere to the suspension or continues to offer illegal subsidies after the suspension is completed. In August 2014, the KCC imposed a fine of approximately58 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately11 billion) for continuing to provide excessive subsidies to new subscribers. In December 2014, the KCC further imposed a fine of approximately8 billion on each of SK Telecom, LG U+ and us for providing excessive handset subsidies and in March 2015 the KCC again imposed a combined fine of approximately34 billion on SK Telecom, LG U+ and us (our fine being approximately9 billion) for violation of regulations relating to handset sales, in connection with a used handset buyback program that we and the other telecommunications operators were promoting. We have paid all of such fines as of the date hereof.

In July 2012, the police arrested two individuals in connection with the second halfalleged theft of 2012.personal information relating to approximately 8.7 million of our mobile phone subscribers. The individuals in question stole personal information through a series of hackings starting from February 2012 into our N-STEP. Since the incident, approximately 29,800 of our mobile phone subscribers filed a total of 15 lawsuits against us in connection with the N-STEP hackings, alleging that we failed to protect their personal information, and are seeking total damages of approximately15 billion. From August 2014 to January 2015, various district courts have awarded damages of100,000 per plaintiff for 11 of the cases involving a total of approximately 29,000 of the subscribers, resulting in damages of approximately3 billion to us, while the remaining trials are currently ongoing at various district courts. We have appealed the district courts’ decisions and the appeals are currently ongoing at the Seoul High Court.

Furthermore, in March 2014, the police arrested three individuals in connection with their alleged theft of personal information relating to approximately 9.8 million of our subscribers. The individuals in question stole the personal information of our subscribers through a series of hackings into our main homepage starting from February 2014. Since the incident, approximately 13,450 subscribers filed 18 lawsuits against us in connection with the information theft, seeking total damages of approximately7 billion. The trials are currently ongoing at various district courts. In June 2014, we were fined85 million by the KCC and were ordered to take corrective measures in connection with the most recent hacking incident. We filed an administrative appeal in August 2014 in connection with the KCC fine, and the appeal is currently ongoing at the Seoul Administrative Court.

In December 2013, the MSIP declared that the contract over our sale of Koreasat 3 was null and void, on the grounds that the satellite was sold without obtaining proper government approval. We are currently involved in an arbitration proceeding against ABS pursuant to the Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce over the Koreasat 3 satellite ownership and contract violation claims.

We are a defendant in various other court proceedings involving claims for civil damages arising in the ordinary course of our business. As of December 31, 2014, we have established provisions relating to litigations of20 billion, of which4 billion related to the litigations involving the hacking incidents. See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. While we are unable to predict the ultimate disposition of these claims, in the opinion of our management, the ultimate disposition of these claims will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Dividends

The table below sets out the annual dividends declared on the outstanding common stock to shareholders of record on December 31 of the years indicated and the interim dividends declared on the outstanding common stock to shareholders of record on June 30 of the years indicated.indicated:

 

Year

  Annual Dividend per
Common Stock
   Interim Dividend per
Common Stock
   Average Total
Dividend per Common
Stock
   Annual Dividend per
Common Stock
   Interim Dividend per
Common Stock
   Average Total
Dividend per  Common
Stock
 
  (In Won)   (In Won)   (In Won)   (In Won)   (In Won)   (In Won) 

2007

   2,000          2,000  

2008

   1,120          1,120  

2009

   2,000          2,000  

2010

   2,410          2,410     2,410          2,410  

2011

   2,000          2,000     2,000          2,000  

2012

   2,000          2,000  

2013

   800          800  

2014

               

If sufficient profits are available, the Board of Directors may propose annual dividends on the outstanding common stock, which our shareholders must approve by a resolution at the ordinary general meeting of shareholders. This meeting is generally held in March of the following year and if

our shareholders at such ordinary general meeting of shareholders approve the annual dividend, we must pay such dividend within one month following the date of such resolution. Typically, we pay such dividends shortly after the meeting. The declaration of annual dividends is subject to the vote of our shareholders, and consequently, there can be no assurance as to the amount of dividends per common stock or that any such dividends will be declared. Interim dividends paid in cash can be declared by a resolution of the board of directors. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Item 10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—Dividends” and “Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities—Description of American Depositary Shares—Dividends and Distributions.”

The Commercial Code provides that shares of a company of the same class must receive equal treatment. However, major shareholders may consent to receive dividend distributions at a lesser rate than minor shareholders.Previously,shareholders. Previously, the Government consented to receiving a smaller dividend compared to other shareholders. The Government no longer holds any interest in us.

Any cash dividends relating to the shares held in the form of ADSs will be paid to the depositary bank in Won. The deposit agreement provides that, except in certain circumstances, cash dividends received by the depositary bank will be converted by the depositary bank into Dollars and distributed to the holders of the ADRs, less withholding tax, other governmental charges and the depositary bank’s fees and expenses. See “Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities—Description of the American Depositary Shares—Dividends and Distributions.”

Item 8.B.Significant Changes

Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

Item 9. The Offer and Listing

Item 9.A.Offer and Listing Details

Market Price Information

Common Stock

Our shares were listed on the KRX KOSPI Market on December 23, 1998. The price of the shares on the KRX KOSPI Market as of the close of trading on April 26, 201229, 2015 was(Won)29,65030,900 per share. The table below shows the high and low closing prices and the average daily volume of trading activity on the KRX KOSPI Market for the shares since January 2007.2009:

 

  Price   Average Daily
Trading Volume
   Price   Average Daily
Trading Volume
 
  High Low     High   Low   
  (In Won)   (Number of shares)   (In Won)   (Number of shares) 

2007

   56,100    40,150     917,274  

2008

   52,200    29,500     1,019,430  

2009

   42,000    33,100     1,371,110     42,000     33,100     1,371,110  

2010

   50,600    39,150     1,343,486     50,600     39,150     1,343,486  

2011

   45,500     34,200     1,063,506  

2012

   39,750     27,700     1,067,315  

2013

   40,850     29,950     1,149,143  

First quarter

   50,600    39,150     1,838,430     38,750     34,600     1,037,037  

Second quarter

   49,350    44,650     1,353,466     40,850     34,000     1,112,465  

Third quarter

   45,700    41,100     1,148,613     37,300     33,900     1,018,216  

Fourth quarter

   49,200    43,500     1,033,436     36,900     29,850     1,427,046  

2011

   45,500    34,200     1,063,506  

2014

   36,800     28,300     1,051,396  

First quarter

   45,500    37,850     1,131,917     31,900     28,300     981,580  

Second quarter

   40,700    36,350     874,054     32,800     28,700     1,240,382  

Third quarter

   40,700    34,200     1,287,651     36,800     29,650     1,121,896  

Fourth quarter

   38,300    35,450     960,651     35,250     30,700     866,696  

2012 (through April 26)

   35,450    29,650     969,569  

First quarter

   35,450    30,650     1,025,698  

January

   35,450    33,150     1,182,018  

February

   33,700    32,100     1,070,467  

March

   33,100    30,650     863,037  

Second quarter (through April 26)

   31,600    29,650     755,923  

April (through April 26)

   31,600    29,650     755,923  

   Price   Average Daily
Trading Volume
 
   High   Low   
   (In Won)   (Number of shares) 

2015 (through April 29)

   31,900     28,500     1,066,783  

First quarter

   31,900     28,500     1,032,769  

January

   31,900     29,800     1,002,611  

February

   30,600     28,500     1,251,760  

March

   30,700     29,000     892,335  

Second quarter (through April 29)

   30,900     28,800     1,167,822  

April (through April 29)

   30,900     28,800     1,167,822  

 

 

Source:KRX KOSPI Market.

ADSs

The outstanding ADSs, each of which represents one-half of one share of our common stock, have been traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange since May 25, 1999.

The price of the ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange as of the close of trading on April 26, 201228, 2015 was $12.93$14.18 per ADS.TheADS. The table below shows the high and low trading prices and the average daily volume of trading activity on the New York Stock Exchange for our ADSs since January 2007.2009:

 

  Price   Average Daily
Trading Volume
   Price   Average Daily
Trading Volume
 
  High   Low     High   Low   
  (In US$)   (Number of ADSs)   (In US$)   (Number of ADSs) 

2007

   29.22     21.51     592,205  

2008

   27.10     10.10     819,733  

2009

   17.64     11.42     639,566     17.64     11.42     639,566  

2010

   22.62     17.12     784,905     22.62     17.12     784,905  

2011

   20.86     14.49     1,124,692  

2012

   18.23     11.65     1,004,064  

2013

   18.16     14.33     528,291  

First quarter

   21.43     17.12     718,461     18.07     15.65     766,282  

Second quarter

   22.62     18.61     744,727     18.16     14.92     518,995  

Third quarter

   20.46     17.79     868,906     17.25     15.00     368,603  

Fourth quarter

   22.07     20.29     803,784     17.24     14.33     474,159  

2011

   20.86     14.49     1,124,692  

2014

   17.46     13.24     440,020  

First quarter

   20.72     18.34     1,380,642     14,75     13.24     515,373  

Second quarter

   20.86     17.75     1,184,508     16.07     13.45     410,942  

Third quarter

   19.86     14.78     1,132,314     17.46     14.31     380,780  

Fourth quarter

   17.52     14.49     805,246     16.31     14.05     456,065  

2012 (through April 26)

   15.49     12.93     1,331,248  

2015 (through April 29)

   14.17     12.87     361,119  

First quarter

   15.49     13.69     1,436,313     14.17     12.87     378,430  

January

   15.49     14.36     1,529,210     14.17     13.44     377,870  

February

   15.20     14.18     1,298,580     14.01     12.99     400,405  

March

   14.80     13.69     1,386,164     13.98     12.87     359,959  

Second quarter (through April 26)

   13.90     12.93     969,356  

April (through April 26)

   13.90     12.93     969,356  

Second quarter (through April 29)

   14.18     13.22     305,542  

April (through April 29)

   14.18     13.22     305,542  

 

 

Source:New York Stock Exchange.

Item 9.B.Plan of Distribution

Not applicable.

Item 9.C.Markets

The KRX KOSPI Market

On January 27, 2005, the Korea Exchange was established pursuant to the Korea Securities and Futures Exchange Act through the consolidation of the Korea Stock Exchange, the Korea Futures Exchange, the KOSDAQ Stock Market, Inc. (the “KOSDAQ”) and the KOSDAQ Committee within the Korea Securities Dealers Association, which was in charge of the management of the KOSDAQ. There are threefour different markets operated by the Korea Exchange: the KRX KOSPI Market, the KRX KOSDAQ Market, the KRX KONEX Market and the KRX Derivatives Market. The Korea Exchange has twothree trading floors located in Seoul, one for the KRX KOSPI Market, and one for the KRX KOSDAQ Market, one for the KRX KONEX Market, and one trading floor in Busan for the KRX Derivatives Market. The Korea Exchange is a limited liability company, the shares of which are held by (i) securities companies and futures companies that were formerly members of the Korea Stock Exchange or the Korea Futures Exchange, (ii) the Small & Medium Business Corporation, (iii) the Korea Securities Finance Corporation and (iv) the Korea Securities Dealers

Financial Investment Association. Currently, the Korea Exchange is the only stock exchange in Korea and is operated by membership, having as its members most of the Korean securities companies and some Korean branches of foreign securities companies.

The KRX KOSPI Market has the power in some circumstances to suspend trading in the shares of a given company or to de-list a security. The KRX KOSPI Market also restricts share price movements. All listed companies are required to file accounting reports annually and quarterly and to release immediately all information that may affect trading in a security.

The Government has in the past exerted, and continues to exert, substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector business community which can have the intention or effect of depressing or boosting the market. In the past, the Government has informally both encouraged and restricted the declaration and payment of dividends, induced mergers to reduce what it considers excess capacity in a particular industry and induced private companies to offer publicly their securities.

The KRX KOSPI Market publishes the Korea Composite Stock Price Index every twoten seconds, which is an index of all equity securities listed on the KRX KOSPI Market. The Korea Composite Stock Price Index is calculated using the aggregate value method, in which the market capitalizations of all listed companies are aggregated, subject to certain adjustments, and this aggregate is expressed as a percentage of the aggregate market capitalization of all listed companies as of the base date, January 4, 1980.

Movements in Korea Composite Stock Price Index are set out in the following table together with the associated dividend yields and price earnings ratios.ratios:

 

Year

  Opening   High   Low   Closing   Period Average 
                  Period Average 

Year

Opening   High   Low   Closing   Dividend
Yield (1) (2)
(Percent)
   Price
Earnings
Ratio (2) (3)
   Opening   High   Low   Closing   Dividend
Yield (1) (2)
(Percent)
   Price
Earnings
Ratio (2) (3)
 
   5.3     5.2     139.53     163.37     131.40     163.37     5.3     5.2  

1986

   161.40     279.67     153.85     272.61     4.3     7.6     161.40     279.67     153.85     272.61     4.3     7.6  

1987

   264.82     525.11     264.82     525.11     2.6     10.9     264.82     525.11     264.82     525.11     2.6     10.9  

1988

   532.04     922.56     527.89     907.20     2.4     11.2     532.04     922.56     527.89     907.20     2.4     11.2  

1989

   919.61     1,007.77     844.75     909.72     2.0     13.9     919.61     1,007.77     844.75     909.72     2.0     13.9  

1990

   908.59     928.82     566.27     696.11     2.2     12.8     908.59     928.82     566.27     696.11     2.2     12.8  

1991

   679.75     763.10     586.51     610.92     2.6     11.2     679.75     763.10     586.51     610.92     2.6     11.2  

1992

   624.23     691.48     459.07     678.44     2.2     10.9     624.23     691.48     459.07     678.44     2.2     10.9  

1993

   697.41     874.10     605.93     866.18     1.6     12.7     697.41     874.10     605.93     866.18     1.6     12.7  

1994

   879.32     1,138.75     855.37     1,027.37     1.2     16.2     879.32     1,138.75     855.37     1,027.37     1.2     16.2  

1995

   1,027.45     1,016.77     847.09     882.94     1.2     16.4     1,027.45     1,016.77     847.09     882.94     1.2     16.4  

1996

   882.29     986.84     651.22     651.22     1.3     17.8     882.29     986.84     651.22     651.22     1.3     17.8  

1997

   647.67     792.29     350.68     376.31     1.5     17.0     647.67     792.29     350.68     376.31     1.5     17.0  

1998

   374.41     579.86     280.00     562.46     1.9     10.8     374.41     579.86     280.00     562.46     1.9     10.8  

1999

   565.10     1,028.07     498.42     1,028.07     1.1     13.5     565.10     1,028.07     498.42     1,028.07     1.1     13.5  

2000

   1,028.33     1,059.04     500.60     504.62     2.1     12.9     1,028.33     1,059.04     500.60     504.62     2.1     12.9  

2001

   503.31     704.50     468.76     693.70     1.7     16.4     503.31     704.50     468.76     693.70     1.7     16.4  

2002

   698.00     937.61     584.04     627.55     1.6     15.2     698.00     937.61     584.04     627.55     1.6     15.2  

2003

   633.03     822.16     515.24     810.71     2.0     11.8  

2004

   821.26     936.06     719.59     895.92     2.0     13.8  

2005

   896.00     1,379.37     870.84     1,379.37     1.8     10.6  

2006

   1,383.32     1,464.70     1,203.86     1,434.46     1.6     11.1  

2007

   1,438.89     2,064.85     1,355.79     1,897.13     1.4     15.8  

2008

   1,891.45     1,888.88     938.75     1,124.47     2.6     8.9  

2009

   1,132.87     1,718.88     1,018.81     1,682.77     1.6     22.9  

2010

   1,696.14     2,051.00     1,552.79     2,051.00     1.1     17.8  

2011

   2,078.08     2,228.96     1,652.71     1,825.74     1.5     10.9  

2012 (through April 26)

   1,826.37     2,029.29     1,875.68     1,964.04     1.4     11.5  

                   Period Average 

Year

  Opening   High   Low   Closing   Dividend
Yield (1) (2)
(Percent)
   Price
Earnings
Ratio (2) (3)
 

2003

   633.03     822.16     515.24     810.71     2.0     11.8  

2004

   821.26     936.06     719.59     895.92     2.0     13.8  

2005

   896.00     1,379.37     870.84     1,379.37     1.8     10.6  

2006

   1,383.32     1,464.70     1,203.86     1,434.46     1.6     11.1  

2007

   1,438.89     2,064.85     1,355.79     1,897.13     1.4     15.8  

2008

   1,891.45     1,888.88     938.75     1,124.47     2.6     8.9  

2009

   1,132.87     1,718.88     1,018.81     1,682.77     1.6     22.9  

2010

   1,696.14     2,051.00     1,552.79     2,051.00     1.1     17.8  

2011

   2,078.08     2,228.96     1,652.71     1,825.74     1.5     10.5  

2012

   1,826.37     2,049.28     1,769.31     1,997.05     1.3     12.3  

2013

   2,031.10     2,059.58     1,780.63     2,011.34     1.2     13.5  

2014

   1,967.19     2,082.61     1,886.85     1,915.59     1.1     15.3  

2015 (through April 29)

   1,926.44     1,882.45     2,173.41     2,142.63     1.1     16.7  

 

 

Source:The KRX KOSPI Market

 

(1)Dividend yields are based on daily figures. Dividend yields after January 3, 1984 include cash dividends only.

(2)Starting in April 2000, dividend yield and price earnings ratio are calculated based on KOSPI 200, an index of 200 equity securities listed on the KRX KOSPI Market. Starting in April 2000, KOSPI 200 excludes classified companies, companies which did not submit annual reports to the KRX KOSPI Market, and companies which received qualified opinion from external auditors.

 

(3)The price earnings ratio is based on figures for companies that record a profit in the preceding year.

Shares are quoted “ex-dividend” on the first trading day of the relevant company’s accounting period; since the calendar year is the accounting period for the majority of listed companies, this may account for the drop in the Korea Composite Stock Price Index between its closing level at the end of one calendar year and its opening level at the beginning of the following calendar year.

With certain exceptions, principally to take account of a share being quoted “ex-dividend” and “ex-rights,” permitted upward and downward movements in share prices of any category of shares on any day are limited under the rules of the KRX KOSPI Market to 15% of the previous day’s closing price of the shares, rounded down as set out below:

 

Previous Days’ Closing Price

  Rounded
Down To
 

Less than(Won)5,000

  (Won)5  

(Won)5,000 to less than(Won)10,000

  (Won)10  

(Won)10,000 to less than(Won)50,000

  (Won)50  

(Won)50,000 to less than(Won)100,000

  (Won)100  

(Won)100,000 to less than(Won)500,000

  (Won)500  

(Won)500,000 or more

  (Won)1,000  

As a consequence, if a particular closing price is the same as the price set by the fluctuation limit, the closing price may not reflect the price at which persons would have been prepared, or would be prepared to continue, if so permitted, to buy and sell shares. Orders are executed on an auction system with priority rules to deal with competing bids and offers.

Due to a deregulation of restrictions on brokerage commission rates, the brokerage commission rate on equity securities transactions may be determined by the parties, subject to commission schedules being filed with the KRX KOSPI Market by the securities companies. In addition, a securities transaction tax will generally be imposed on the transfer of shares or certain securities representing rights to subscribe for shares at the rate of 0.15% if such transfer is made through the KRX KOSPI Market. A special agricultural and fishery tax of 0.15% of the sales prices will also be imposed on transfer of these shares and securities on the KRX KOSPI Market. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Item 10.A. Taxation—Korean Taxation.”

The number of companies listed on the KRX KOSPI Market, the corresponding total market capitalization at the end of the periods indicated and the average daily trading volume for those periods are set forth in the following table:

 

   Market Capitalization
on the Last Day of Each Period
   Average Daily Trading Volume, Value 

Year

  Number of
Listed
Companies
   (Billions
of Won)
   (Millions of
Dollars)(1)
   Thousands
of Shares
   (Millions
of Won)
   (Thousands of
Dollars) (1)
 

1985

   342     6,570     7,381     18,925     12,315     13,834  

1986

   355     11,994     13,924     31,755     32,870     38,159  

1987

   389     26,172     33,033     20,353     70,185     88,583  

1988

   502     64,544     94,348     10,367     198,364     289,963  

1989

   626     95,477     140,490     11,757     280,967     414,430  

1990

   669     79,020     110,301     10,866     183,692     256,411  

1991

   686     73,118     96,107     14,022     214,263     281,629  

1992

   688     84,712     107,448     24,028     308,246     390,977  

  Market Capitalization
on the Last Day of Each Period
   Average Daily Trading Volume, Value   Market Capitalization
on the Last Day of Each Period
   Average Daily Trading Volume, Value 

Year

  Number of
Listed
Companies
   (Billions
of Won)
   (Millions of
Dollars)(1)
   Thousands
of Shares
   (Millions
of Won)
   (Thousands of
Dollars) (1)
   Number of
Listed
Companies
   (Billions
of Won)
   (Millions of
Dollars) (1)
   Thousands
of Shares
   (Millions
of Won)
   (Thousands of
Dollars)(1)
 

1985

   342     6,570     7,381     18,925     12,315     13,834  

1986

   355     11,994     13,924     31,755     32,870     38,159  

1987

   389     26,172     33,033     20,353     70,185     88,583  

1988

   502     64,544     94,348     10,367     198,364     289,963  

1989

   626     95,477     140,490     11,757     280,967     414,430  

1990

   669     79,020     110,301     10,866     183,692     256,411  

1991

   686     73,118     96,107     14,022     214,263     281,629  

1992

   688     84,712     107,448     24,028     308,246     390,977  

1993

   693     112,665     139,420     35,130     574,048     710,367     693     112,665     139,420     35,130     574,048     710,367  

1994

   699     151,217     191,730     36,862     776,257     984,223     699     151,217     191,730     36,862     776,257     984,223  

1995

   721     141,151     182,201     26,130     487,762     629,613     721     141,151     182,201     26,130     487,762     629,613  

1996

   760     117,370     139,031     26,571     486,834     575,680     760     117,370     139,031     26,571     486,834     575,680  

1997

   776     70,989     50,162     41,525     555,759     392,707     776     70,989     50,162     41,525     555,759     392,707  

1998

   748     137,799     114,091     97,716     660,429     546,803     748     137,799     114,091     97,716     660,429     546,803  

1999

   725     349,504     305,137     278,551     3,481,620     3,039,655     725     349,504     305,137     278,551     3,481,620     3,039,655  

2000

   704     188,042     149,275     306,163     2,602,211     2,065,739     704     188,042     149,275     306,163     2,602,211     2,065,739  

2001

   689     253,843     191,421     473,241     1,997,420     1,506,237     689     253,843     191,421     473,241     1,997,420     1,506,237  

2002

   683     258,681     215,496     857,245     3,041,598     2,533,815     683     258,681     215,496     857,245     3,041,598     2,533,815  

2003

   684     355,363     296,679     542,010     2,216,636     1,850,589     684     355,363     296,679     542,010     2,216,636     1,850,589  

2004

   683     412,588     395,275     372,895     2,232,109     2,138,445     683     412,588     395,275     372,895     2,232,109     2,138,445  

2005

   702     655,075     646,668     467,629     3,157,662     3,117,139     702     655,075     646,668     467,629     3,157,662     3,117,139  

2006

   731     704,588     757,948     279,096     3,435,180     3,695,332     731     704,588     757,948     279,096     3,435,180     3,695,332  

2007

   746     951,887     1,014,589     363,732     5,539,588     5,904,485     746     951,887     1,014,589     363,732     5,539,588     5,904,485  

2008

   765     576,888     458,757     355,205     5,189,644     4,126,953     765     576,888     458,757     355,205     5,189,644     4,126,953  

2009

   770     887,316     759,949     483,902     5,783,552     4,953,367     770     887,316     759,949     483,902     5,783,552     4,953,367  

2010

   777     1,141,885     1,002,621     380,859     5,619,768     4,934,382     777     1,141,885     1,002,621     380,859     5,619,768     4,934,382  

2011

   791     1,041,999     903,493     353,760     6,863,146     5,950,877     791     1,041,999     903,493     353,760     6,863,146     5,950,877  

2012 (through April 26)

   788     1,129,236     991,080     518,357     5,659,853     4,967,398  

2012

   784     1,154,294     1,077,672     486,480     4,823,643     4,503,448  

2013

   777     1,185,974     1,123,826     328,325     3,993,422     3,784,158  

2014

   773     1,192,253     1,084,655     278,802     3,983,580     3,624,345  

2015 (through April 29)

   762     1,339,024     1,250,373     398,583     5,159,864     4,818,250  

 

 

Source:The KRX KOSPI Market

 

(1)Converted at the Concentration Base Rate of The Bank of Korea or the Market Average Exchange Rate as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services Limited, as the case may be, at the end of the periods indicated.

The Korean securities markets are principally regulated by the Financial Services Commission of Korea and the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act. The Securities and Exchange Act which regulated the securities markets in the past was replaced with the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act on February 4, 2009. The new law, as did the Securities and Exchange Act, imposes restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, requires specified information to be made available by listed companies to investors and establishes rules regarding margin trading, proxy solicitation, takeover bids, acquisition of treasury shares and reporting requirements for shareholders holding substantial interests.

Further Opening of the Korean Securities Market

A stock index futures market was opened on May 3, 1996 and a stock index option market was opened on July 7, 1997, in each case at the KRX KOSPI Market. Remittance and repatriation of funds in connection with investment in stock index futures and options are subject to regulations similar to those that govern remittance and repatriation in the context of foreign investment in Korean stocks.

Foreign investors are permitted to invest in warrants representing the right to subscribe for shares of a company listed on the KRX KOSPI Market or registered on the KRX KOSDAQ Market, subject to certain investment limitations. A foreign investor may not acquire such warrants with respect to shares of a class of a company for which the ceiling on aggregate investment by foreigners has been reached or exceeded.

Foreign investors are permitted to invest in all types of corporate bonds, bonds issued by national or local governments and bonds issued in accordance with certain special laws without being subject to any aggregate or individual investment ceiling. The Financial Services Commission sets forth procedural requirements for such investments. Foreigners are permitted to invest in certificates of deposit and repurchase agreements.

Currently, foreigners are permitted to invest in securities including shares of all Korean companies which are not listed on the KRX KOSPI Market nor registered on the KRX KOSDAQ Market and in bonds which are not listed.

Protection of Customer’s Interest in Case of Insolvency of Securities Companies

Under Korean law, the relationship between a customer and a securities company in connection with a securities sell or buy order is deemed to be consignment and the securities acquired by a consignment agent (i.e., the securities company) through such sell or buy order are regarded as belonging to the customer in so far as the customer and the consignment agent’s creditors are concerned. Therefore, in the event of a bankruptcy or reorganization procedure involving a securities company, the customer of the securities company is entitled to the proceeds of the securities sold by the securities company.

When a customer places a sell order with a securities company which is not a member of the KRX KOSPI Market and this securities company places a sell order with another securities company which is a member of the KRX KOSPI Market, the customer is still entitled to the proceeds of the securities sold received by the non-member company from the member company regardless of the bankruptcy or reorganization of the non-member company.

Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, the KRX KOSPI Market is obliged to indemnify any loss or damage incurred by a counterparty as a result of a breach by its members. If a securities company which is a member of the KRX KOSPI Market breaches its obligation in connection with a buy order, the KRX KOSPI Market is obliged to pay the purchase price on behalf of the breaching member. Therefore, the customer can acquire the securities that have been ordered to be purchased by the breaching member.

When a customer places a buy order with a non-member company and the non-member company places a buy order with a member company, the customer has the legal right to the securities received by the non-member company from the member company because the purchased securities are regarded as belonging to the customer in so far as the customer and the non-member company’s creditors are concerned.

As the cash deposited with a securities company is regarded as belonging to the securities company, which is liable to return the same at the request of its customer, the customer cannot take back deposited cash from the securities company if a bankruptcy or reorganization procedure is instituted against the securities company and, therefore, can suffer from loss or damage as a result. However, the Depositor Protection Act provides that Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation will, upon the request of the investors, pay investors up to(Won)50 million in case of the securities company’s bankruptcy, liquidation, cancellation of securities business license or other insolvency events. Pursuant to the Financial

Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, securities companies are required to deposit the cash received from its customers to the extent the amount not covered by the insurance with the Korea Securities Finance Corporation, a special entity established pursuant to the Securities and Exchange ActAct.

Set-off or attachment of cash deposits by securities companies is prohibited. The premiums related to this insurance are paid by securities companies.

Item 9.D.Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

Item  9.E.Dilution

Not applicable.

Item 9.F.Expenses of the Issuer

Not applicable.

Item  10.  Additional10.Additional Information

Item 10.A.Share Capital

Currently, our authorized share capital is 1,000,000,000 shares, which consists of shares of common stock, par value(Won)5,000 per share (“Common Shares”) and shares of non-voting preferred stock, par value(Won)5,000 per share (“Non-Voting Shares”). Common Shares and Non-Voting Shares together are referred to as “Shares.” Under our articles of incorporation, we are authorized to issue Non-Voting Shares up to one-fourth of our total issued capital stock. As of December 31, 2011,2014, 261,111,808 Common Shares were issued, of which 17,897,14716,249,100 shares were held by the treasury stock fund or us as treasury shares. We have never issued any Non-Voting Shares. All of the issued Common Shares are fully-paid and non-assessable and are in registered form. We issue share certificates in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 and 10,000 shares.

Item 10.B.Memorandum and Articles of Association

This section provides information relating to our capital stock, including brief summaries of material provisions of our articles of incorporation, the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, the Commercial Code and related laws of Korea, all as currently in effect. The following summaries are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, our articles of incorporation and the applicable provisions of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act and the Commercial Code. We have filed a copy of our articles of incorporation as an exhibit to registration statements under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act previously filed by us.

Dividends

We distribute dividends to our shareholders in proportion to the number of shares owned by each shareholder. No dividends are distributed with respect to shares held by us or our treasury stock fund. The Common Shares represented by the ADSs have the same dividend rights as other outstanding Common Shares.

Holders of Non-Voting Shares are entitled to receive dividends in priority to the holders of Common Shares in an amount of not less than 9% of the par value of the Non-Voting Shares as determined by the board of directors at the time of their issuance, provided that if the dividends on the Common Shares exceed those on the Non-Voting Shares, the Non-Voting Shares will also participate

in the distribution of such excess dividend amount in the same proportion as the Common Shares. If the amount available for dividends is less than the aggregate amount of such minimum dividend, the holders of Non-Voting Shares will be entitled to receive such accumulated unpaid dividend in priority to the holders of Common Shares from the dividends payable in respect of the next fiscal year.

We declare dividends annually at the annual general meeting of shareholders which is held within three months after the end of the fiscal year. We pay the annual dividend shortly after the annual general meeting to the shareholders of record as of the end of the preceding fiscal year. We may distribute the annual dividend in cash or in Shares. However, a dividend of Shares must be distributed

at par value. If the market price of the Shares is less than their par value, dividends in Shares may not exceed one-half of the annual dividend. We may pay interim dividends in cash once a year to shareholders or registered pledgees who are registered in the registry of shareholders as of June 30 of each fiscal year by a resolution of the board of directors. We have no obligation to pay any annual dividend unclaimed for five years from the payment date.

Under the Commercial Code, we may pay our dividend only out of the excess of our net assets, on a non-consolidated basis, over the sum of (1) our stated capital and (2) the total amount of our capital surplus reserve and legalearned surplus reserve (the “Legal Reserve”) accumulated up to the end of the relevant dividend period. In addition, we may not pay any dividend unless we have set aside as legalearned surplus reserve an amount equal to at least 10% of the cash portion of the dividend or unless we have accumulated a legalan earned surplus reserve of not less than one-half of our stated capital. We may not use legal reservethe Legal Reserve to pay cash dividends but may transfer amounts from legal reservethe Legal Reserve to capital stock or use legal reservethe Legal Reserve to reduce an accumulated deficit.

Distribution of Free Shares

In addition to paying dividends in Shares out of our retained or current earnings, we may also distribute to our shareholders an amount transferred from our capital surplus or legal reservethe Legal Reserve to our stated capital in the form of free shares. We must distribute such free shares to all our shareholders in proportion to their existing shareholdings.

Preemptive Rights and Issuance of Additional Shares

We may issue authorized but unissued shares at times and, unless otherwise provided in the Commercial Code, on terms our board of directors may determine. Subject to the limitation described in “Limitation on Shareholdings” below, all our shareholders are generally entitled to subscribe for any newly issued Shares in proportion to their existing shareholdings. We must offer new Shares on uniform terms to all shareholders who have preemptive rights and are listed on our shareholders’ register as of the relevant record date. Under the Commercial Code, we may vary, without shareholders’ approval, the terms of these preemptive rights for different classes of shares. We must give notice to all persons who are entitled to exercise preemptive rights regarding new Shares and their transferability at least two weeks before the relevant record date. Our board of directors may determine how to distribute Shares for which preemptive rights have not been exercised or where fractions of Shares occur.

Under the Commercial Code, it is required that the new Shares, convertible bonds or bonds with warrants be issued to persons other than the existing shareholders solely for the purpose of achieving managerial objectives. Under our articles of incorporation, we may issue new Shares pursuant to a board resolution to persons other than existing shareholders, who in these circumstances will not have preemptive rights, if the new Shares are:

 

publicly offered pursuant to Articles 4 and 119 of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act;

issued to members of our employee stock ownership association;

 

represented by depositary receipts;

 

issued upon exercise of stock options granted to our officers and employees;

 

issued through an offering to public investors pursuant to Article 165-6 of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, the amount of which is no more than 10% of the issued Shares;

issued in order to satisfy specific needs such as strategic alliance, inducement of foreign funds or new technology, improvement of financial structure or other capital raising requirement; or

 

issued to domestic or foreign financial institutions when necessary for raising funds in emergency cases.

In addition, we may issue convertible bonds or bonds with warrants, each up to an aggregate principal amount of(Won)2,000 billion, to persons other than existing shareholders in the situations described above.

Members of our employee stock ownership association, whether or not they are our shareholders, generally have a preemptive right to subscribe for up to 20.0% of the Shares publicly offered pursuant to the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act. This right is exercisable only to the extent that the total number of Shares so acquired and held by members of our employee stock ownership association does not then exceed 20.0% of the total number of Shares then issued (including in such total both: (i) all issued and outstanding Shares at the time the preemptive rights are exercised; and (ii) all Shares to be newly issued in the applicable share issuance transaction in connection with which such preemptive rights are exercised). As of December 31, 2011, 1.36%2014, 0.64% of the issued Shares were held by members of our employee stock ownership association.

Limitation on Shareholdings

The Telecommunications Business Act permits maximum aggregate foreign shareholding in us to be 49.0% of our total issued and outstanding Shares with voting rights (including equivalent securities with voting rights, e.g., depositary certificates and certain other equity interests). For the purposes of the foregoing, a shareholder is a “foreign shareholder” if such shareholder is: (1) a foreign person; (2) a foreign government; or (3) a company whose largest shareholder is a foreign person (including any “specially related persons” as determined under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act) or a foreign government, in circumstances where (i) such foreign person or foreign government holds, in aggregate, 15.0% or more of such company’s total voting shares, and (ii) such company holds at least 1.0% of our total issued and outstanding Shares with voting rights. For the avoidance of doubt, both of conditions (i) and (ii) in the foregoing item (3) must exist for such a company to be counted as a “foreign shareholder” for the purposes of calculating whether the 49.0% foreign shareholding threshold is reached under the Telecommunications Business Act. In addition, the Telecommunications Business Act prohibits a foreign shareholder from being our largest shareholder if such shareholder owns 5.0% or more of our Shares with voting rights. For the purposes of this restriction, any two or more foreign persons or foreign governments who enter into an agreement to act in concert in the exercise of their voting rights will be counted together and prohibited from becoming our largest shareholder in the event that they collectively hold 5.0% or more of our Shares. The Foreign Investment Promotion Act also prohibits any foreign shareholder from being our largest shareholder, if such shareholder owns 5.0% or more of our Shares with voting rights. For the purposes of this restriction under the Foreign Investment Promotion Act, a “foreign shareholder” is defined in the same manner as described above with respect to the foreign shareholding restriction under the Telecommunications Business Act, provided, however, that no exception is made under the Foreign Investment Promotion Act regulations for companies that own less than 1.0% of our Shares (see

(see item (3)(ii) above in this paragraph). A foreigner who has acquired the Shares in excess of such ceiling described above may not exercise its voting rights for shares in excess of such limitation, and the Korea Communications CommissionMSIP may require corrective measures to comply with the ownership restrictions.

General Meeting of Shareholders

We hold the annual general meeting of shareholders within three months after the end of each fiscal year. Subject to a board resolution or court approval, we may hold an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders:

 

as necessary;

 

at the request of shareholders of an aggregate of 3.0% or more of our issued Common Shares;

 

at the request of shareholders holding an aggregate of 1.5% or more of our issued Shares for at least six months; or

 

at the request of our audit committee.

Holders of Non-Voting Shares may request a general meeting of shareholders only after the Non-Voting Shares become entitled to vote or are enfranchised, as described under “—Voting Rights” below.

We must give shareholders written notice setting out the date, place and agenda of the meeting at least two weeks before the date of the general meeting of shareholders. However, for holders of less than 1.0% of the total number of issued and outstanding Common Shares, we may give notice by placing at least two public notices in at least two daily newspapers at least two weeks in advance of the meeting. Currently, we use Seoul Shinmun, Maeil Business Newspaper and The Korea Economic Daily published in Seoul for this purpose. Shareholders not on the shareholders’ register as of the record date are not entitled to receive notice of the general meeting of shareholders or attend or vote at the meeting. Holders of Non-Voting Shares unless enfranchised, are not entitled to receive notice of general meetings of shareholders, but may attend such meetings.

Our general meetings of shareholders are held at our head office, in Sungnam,Seognam, or if necessary, may be held anywhere near our head office or in Seoul.

Voting Rights

Holders of our Common Shares are entitled to one vote for each Common Share, except that voting rights of Common Shares held by us, or by a corporate shareholder that is more than 10.0% owned by us either directly or indirectly, may not be exercised. The Commercial Code permits cumulative voting, under which voting method each shareholder has multiple voting rights corresponding to the number of directors to be appointed in the voting and may exercise all voting rights cumulatively to elect one director. Our articles of incorporation permit cumulative voting at our shareholders’ meeting. Under the Commercial Code of Korea, any shareholder holding shares equivalent to not less than 1/100 of the total number of shares issued may apply to us for selecting and appointing such directors by cumulative voting.

Our shareholders may adopt resolutions at a general meeting by an affirmative majority vote of the voting shares present or represented at the meeting, where the affirmative votes also represent at least one-fourth of our total voting shares then outstanding. However, under the Commercial Code and our articles of incorporation, the following matters, among others, require approval by the holders of at least two-thirds of the voting shares present or represented at a meeting, where the affirmative votes also represent at least one-third of our total voting shares then outstanding:

 

amending our articles of incorporation;

removing a director;

reduction of our capital stock;

 

effecting any dissolution, merger or consolidation of us;

 

transferring the whole or any significant part of our business;

 

effecting our acquisition of all of the business of any other company or our acquisition of a part of the business of any other company which will significantly affect our business; or

 

issuing any new Shares at a price lower than their par value.

In general, holders of Non-Voting Shares are not entitled to vote on any resolution or receive notice of any general meeting of shareholders. However, in the case of amendments to our articles of incorporation, any merger or consolidation of us, or in some other cases that affect the rights or interests of the Non-Voting Shares, approval of the holders of Non-Voting Shares is required. We may obtain such approval by a resolution of holders of at least two-thirds of the Non-Voting Shares present or represented at a class meeting of the holders of Non-Voting Shares, where the affirmative votes also represent at least one-third of our total outstanding Non-Voting Shares. In addition, if we are unable to pay dividends on Non-Voting Shares as provided in our articles of incorporation, the holders of Non-Voting Shares will become enfranchised and will be entitled to exercise voting rights until those dividends are paid. The holders of enfranchised Non-Voting Shares have the same rights as holders of Common Shares to request, receive notice of, attend and vote at a general meeting of shareholders.

Shareholders may exercise their voting rights by proxy. The proxy must present a document evidencing an appropriate power of attorney prior to the start of the general meeting of shareholders. Additionally, shareholders may exercise their voting rightsin absentiaby submission of signed write-in voting forms. To make it possible for our shareholders to proceed with voting on a write-in basis, we are required to attach the appropriate write-in voting form and related informational material to the notices distributed to shareholders for convening the relevant general meeting of shareholders. Any of our shareholders who desires to vote on such write-in basis must submit their completed and signed write-in voting forms to us no later than one day prior to the date that the relevant general meeting of shareholders is convened.

Holders of ADRs exercise their voting rights through the ADR depositary, an agent of which is the record holder of the underlying Common Shares. Subject to the provisions of the deposit agreement, ADR holders are entitled to instruct the ADR depositary how to vote the Common Shares underlying their ADSs. See “Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities—Description of American Depositary Shares—Voting Rights.”

Appraisal Rights of Dissenting Shareholders

In some limited circumstances, including the transfer of the whole or any significant part of our business and our merger or consolidation with another company, dissenting shareholders have the right to require us to purchase their Shares. To exercise this right, shareholders must submit to us a written notice of their intention to dissent before the general meeting of shareholders. Within 20 days after the relevant resolution is passed at a meeting, the dissenting shareholders must request us in writing to purchase their Shares. We are obligated to purchase the Shares of dissenting shareholders within one month after the expiration of the 20-day period. The purchase price for the Shares is required to be determined through negotiation between the dissenting shareholders and us. If we cannot agree on a price through negotiation, the purchase price will be the average of (1) the weighted average of the daily Share prices on the KRX KOSPI Market for the two-month period before the date of the adoption of the relevant board resolution, (2) the weighted average of the daily Share price on

the KRX KOSPI Market for the one month period before the date of the adoption of the relevant board resolution and (3) the weighted average of the daily Share price on the KRX KOSPI Market for the one week period before the date of the adoption of the

relevant board resolution. However, if we or any of the dissenting shareholders do not accept the purchase price calculated using the above method, the rejecting party may request the court to determine the purchase price. Holders of ADSs will not be able to exercise dissenter’sappraisal rights unless they have withdrawn the underlying common stock and become our direct shareholders.

Register of Shareholders and Record Dates

Our transfer agent, Kookmin Bank, maintains the register of our shareholders at its office in Seoul, Korea. It registers transfers of Shares on the register of shareholders on presentation of the Share certificates.

The record date for annual dividends is December 31. For the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to annual dividends, the register of shareholders may be closed for the period from the day after the record date to January 31 of the following year. Further, for the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to some other rights pertaining to the Shares, we may, on at least two weeks’ public notice, set a record date and/or close the register of shareholders for not more than three months. The trading of Shares and the delivery of share certificates may continue while the register of shareholders is closed.

Annual Reports

At least one week before the annual general meeting of shareholders, we must make our annual report and audited non-consolidatedconsolidated financial statements available for inspection at our principal office and at all of our branch offices. In addition, copies of annual reports, the audited non-consolidatedconsolidated financial statements and any resolutions adopted at the general meeting of shareholders will be available to our shareholders.

Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, we must file with the Financial Services Commission and the KRX KOSPI Market (1) an annual report within 90 days after the end of our fiscal year and (2) interim reports with respect to the three month period, six month period and nine month period from the beginning of each fiscal year within 45 calendar days following the end of each period. Copies of these reports are or will be available for public inspection at the Financial Services Commission and the KRX KOSPI Market.

Transfer of Shares

Under the Commercial Code, the transfer of Shares is effected by delivery of share certificates. However, to assert shareholders’ rights against us, the transferee must have his name and address registered on our register of shareholders. For this purpose, a shareholder is required to file his name, address and seal with our transfer agent. A non-Korean shareholder may file a specimen signature in place of a seal, unless he is a citizen of a country with a sealing system similar to that of Korea. In addition, a non-resident shareholder must appoint an agent authorized to receive notices on his behalf in Korea and file a mailing address in Korea. The above requirements do not apply to the holders of ADSs.

Under current Korean regulations, Korean securities companies and banks, including licensed branches of non-Korean securities companies and banks, investment management companies, futures trading companies, internationally recognized foreign custodians and the Korea Securities Depository

may act as agents and provide related services for foreign shareholders. Certain foreign exchange controls and securities regulations apply to the transfer of Shares by non-residents or non-Koreans. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Item 10.D. Exchange Controls.”

Our transfer agent is Kookmin Bank, located at 24-3, Yoido-dong, Youngdungpo-ku,24, Gukjegeumyung-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Korea.

Acquisition of Shares by Us

WeUnder the Commercial Code, we may not acquire our own Shares exceptby (i) purchasing on the KRX KOSPI Market, or (ii) purchasing from shareholders on a pro rata basis in limited circumstances, such as a reduction in capital. In addition, pursuant toaccordance with the number of shares held by each shareholder. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares may not exceed the total amount available for distribution of dividends at the end of the preceding fiscal year. Moreover, we must acquire our own Shares from dissenting shareholders who exercise their appraisal rights.

Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, we may acquire Shares only by (i) purchasing on the KRX KOSPI Market, (ii) purchasing from shareholders on a tender offer,pro rata basis in accordance with the number of shares held by each shareholder, or (iii) receiving Shares returned to us upon the cancellation or termination of a trust agreement with a trustee who acquired the Shares by either of the methods indicated above. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares may not exceed the total amount available for distribution of dividends at the end of the preceding fiscal year, subject to certain procedural requirements, provided that, in case of acquisition of our own Shares by us for the purpose of cancellation, the aggregate purchase price may not exceed the total amount available for distribution of dividends at the end of the preceding fiscal year minus certain reserves.year.

In general, corporate entities in which we own a 50.0% or more equity interest may not acquire our Shares.

As of December 31, 2011,2014, there were 17,897,14716,249,100 treasury shares including shares held by our treasury stock fund.

Liquidation Rights

In the event of our liquidation, after payment of all debts, liquidation expenses and taxes, our remaining assets will be distributed among shareholders in proportion to their shareholdings. Holders of Non-Voting Shares have no preference in liquidation.

Item 10.C.  Material Contracts

We have not entered into any material contracts since January 1, 2010, other than in the ordinary course of our business. For information regarding our agreements and transactions with certain related parties, see “Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions” and Note 3536 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For a description of certain agreements entered into during the past two years related to our capital commitments and obligations, see “Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Item 10.D.Exchange Controls

General

The Foreign Exchange Transaction Act and the Presidential Decree and regulations under that Act and Decree (collectively the “Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws”) regulate investment in Korean securities by non-residents and issuance of securities outside Korea by Korean companies. Under the Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws, non-residents may invest in Korean securities only in compliance with the provisions of, and to the extent specifically allowed by, these laws or otherwise permitted by the Ministry of Strategy and Finance. The Financial Services Commission has also adopted, pursuant to its authority under the Korean Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, regulations that control investment by foreigners in Korean securities and regulate the issuance of securities outside Korea by Korean companies.

Under the Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws, if the Government deems that certain emergency circumstances, including, but not limited to, the outbreak of natural calamities, wars or grave and sudden changes in domestic or foreign economies, are likely to occur, the Ministry of

Strategy and Finance may temporarily suspend the transactions where Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws are applicable, or impose an obligation to deposit or sell capital to certain Korean governmental agencies or financial institutions. In addition, if the Government deems that it is confronted or is likely to be confronted with serious difficulty in movement of capital between Korea and abroad which will bring serious obstacles in carrying out its currency policies, exchange rate policies and other macroeconomic policies, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance may take measures to require any person who performs transactions to deposit such capital to certain Korean governmental agencies or financial institutions.

Government Review of Issuance of ADSs

In order for us to issue shares represented by ADSs, we are required to file a prior report of the issuance with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance if our securities and borrowings denominated in foreign currencies issued during the one-year period preceding such filing date exceed US$30 million in aggregate. No further Korean governmental approval is necessary for the initial offering and issuance of the ADSs.

Under current Korean laws and regulations, the depositary bank is required to obtain our prior consent for the number of shares to be deposited in any given proposed deposit which exceeds the difference between (1) the aggregate number of shares deposited by us or with the consent of us for the issuance of ADSs (including deposits in connection with the initial and all subsequent offerings of ADSs and stock dividends or other distributions related to these ADSs) and (2) the number of shares on deposit with the depositary bank at the time of such proposed deposit. We can give no assurance that we would grant our consent, if our consent is required. Therefore, a holder of ADRs who surrenders ADRs and withdraws shares may not be permitted subsequently to deposit those shares and obtain ADRs.

Reporting Requirements for Holders of Substantial Interests

Any person whose direct or beneficial ownership of shares, whether in the form of shares or ADSs, certificates representing the rights to subscribe for Shares and equity-related debt securities including convertible bonds and bonds with warrants (collectively, the “Equity Securities”) together with the Equity Securities beneficially owned by certain related persons or by any person acting in concert with the person accounts for 5.0% or more of the total issued Equity Securities is required to report the status of the holdings to the Financial Services Commission and the KRX KOSPI Market within five business days after reaching the 5.0% ownership interest. In addition, any change in the ownership interest subsequent to the report which equals or exceeds 1.0% of the total issued Equity Securities is required to be reported to the Financial Services Commission and the KRX KOSPI Market within five business days from the date of the change. The required information to be included in the 5.0% report may be different if the acquisition of such shareholding interest is for the purpose of exercising influence over the management, as opposed to an acquisition for investment purposes. Any person reporting the holding of 5.0% or more of the total issued Equity Securities and any person reporting the change in the ownership interest which equals or exceeds 1.0% of the total issued Equity Securities pursuant to the requirements described above must also deliver a copy of such reports to us.

Violation of these reporting requirements may subject a person to criminal sanctions such as fines or imprisonment and may result in a loss of voting rights with respect to the unreported ownership of Equity Securities exceeding 5.0%. Furthermore, the Financial Services Commission may issue an order to dispose of non-reported Equity Securities.

Restrictions Applicable to ADSs

No Korean governmental approval is necessary for the sale and purchase of ADSs in the secondary market outside Korea or for the withdrawal of shares underlying ADSs and the delivery

inside Korea of shares in connection with the withdrawal, provided that a foreigner who intends to acquire the shares must obtain an investment registration certificate from the Financial Supervisory Service as described below. In general, the acquisition of the shares by a foreigner must be reported by the foreigner or his standing proxy in Korea immediately to the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service; provided, however, that in cases where a foreigner acquires shares through the exercise of rights as a holder of ADSs (or other depositary certificates), the foreigner must cause such report to the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service to be filed by the Korea Securities Depository.

Persons who have acquired shares as a result of the withdrawal of shares underlying the ADSs may exercise their preemptive rights for new shares, participate in free distributions and receive dividends on shares without any further governmental approval.

Restrictions Applicable to Shares

As a result of amendments to the Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws and Financial Services Commission regulations adopted in connection with the stock market opening from January 1992, which we refer to collectively as the Investment Rules, foreigners may invest, with limited exceptions and subject to procedural requirements, in all shares of Korean companies, whether listed on the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market, unless prohibited by specific laws. Foreign investors may trade shares listed on the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market only through the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market, except in limited circumstances, including:

 

odd-lot trading of shares;

 

acquisition of shares (“Converted Shares”) by exercise of warrant, conversion right under convertible bonds or withdrawal right under depositary receipts issued outside of Korea by a Korean company;

 

acquisition of shares as a result of inheritance, donation, bequest or exercise of shareholders’ rights, including preemptive rights or rights to participate in free distributions and receive dividends;

 

over-the-counter transactions between foreigners of a class of shares for which the ceiling on aggregate acquisition by foreigners, as explained below, has been reached or exceeded;

 

shares acquired by foreign direct investment as defined in the Foreign Investment Promotion Law;Act;

 

disposal of shares pursuant to the exercise of appraisal rights of dissenting shareholders;

 

disposal of shares in connection with a tender offer;

 

acquisition of shares by a foreign depositary in connection with the issuance of depositary receipts;

 

acquisition and disposal of shares through overseas stock exchange market if such shares are simultaneously listed on the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market and such overseas stock exchange;

acquisition and disposal of shares through alternative trading systems (ATS);

 

arm’s length transactions between foreigners, if all of such foreigners belong to an investment group managed by the same person.

For over-the-counter transactions of shares between foreigners outside the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market for shares with respect to which the limit on aggregate foreign ownership has been reached or exceeded, an investment broker licensed in Korea must act as an intermediary. Odd-lot trading of shares outside the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market must involve a licensed investment trader in Korea as the other party. Foreign investors are prohibited from engaging in margin transactions through borrowing shares from a securities company with respect to shares which are subject to a foreign ownership limit.

The Investment Rules require a foreign investor who wishes to invest in shares on the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market (including Converted Shares) to register its identity with the Financial Supervisory Service prior to making any such investment; however, the registration requirement does not apply to foreign investors who acquire Converted Shares with the intention of selling such Converted Shares within three months from the date of acquisition of the Converted Shares or who acquire the shares in an over-the-counter transaction or dispose of shares where such acquisition or disposal is deemed to be a foreign direct investment pursuant toas defined in the FinancialForeign Investment Services and Capital MarketsPromotion Act. Upon registration, the Financial Supervisory Service will issue to the foreign investor an investment registration certificate that must be presented each time the foreign investor opens a brokerage account with a financial investment business entity. Foreigners eligible to obtain an investment registration certificate include foreign nationals who are individuals residing abroad for more than six months, foreign governments, foreign municipal authorities, foreign public institutions, corporations incorporated under foreign laws, international organizations, funds and associations as defined under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act. All Korean offices of a foreign corporation as a group are treated as a separate entity from the offices of the corporation outside Korea. However, a foreign corporation or depositary bank issuing depositary receipts may obtain one or more investment registration certificates in its name in certain circumstances as described in the relevant regulations.

Upon a foreign investor’s purchase of shares through the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market, no separate report by the investor is required because the investment registration certificate system is designed to control and oversee foreign investment through a computer system. However, a foreign investor’s acquisition or sale of shares outside the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market (as discussed above) must be reported by the foreign investor or his standing proxy to the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service at the time of each such acquisition or sale; provided, however, that in cases where a foreigner acquires shares through the exercise of rights as a holder of ADSs (or other depositary certificates), the foreigner must cause such report to the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service to be filed by the Korea Securities Depository; and further provided that a foreign investor must ensure that any acquisition or sale by it of shares outside the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market in the case of trades in connection with a tender offer, odd-lot trading of shares or trades of a class of shares for which the aggregate foreign ownership limit has been reached or exceeded, is reported to the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service by the investment trader, the investment broker, the Korea Securities Depository or the financial securities company engaged to facilitate such transaction. A foreign investor mustmay appoint one or more standing proxies from among the Korea Securities Depository, foreign exchange banks, including domestic branches of foreign banks, investment traders, investment brokers, the Korea Securities Depository, financial securities companies and internationally recognized custodians that satisfies all relevant requirements under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act and will act as a standing proxy to exercise shareholders’ rights or perform any matters related to the foregoing activities if the foreign investor does not perform these activities himself. However, a foreign investor may be exempted from complying with these standing proxy rules with the approval of the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service in cases deemed inevitable by reason of conflict between laws of Korea and the home country of the foreign investor.Act.

Certificates evidencing shares of Korean companies must be kept in custody with an eligible custodian in Korea. Only the Korea Securities Depository, foreign exchange banks including domestic branches of foreign banks, investment traders, investment brokers, collective investment business entities and internationally recognized custodians satisfying the relevant requirements under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act are eligible to act as a custodian of shares for a

non-resident or foreign investor. A foreign investor must ensure that his custodian deposits its shares with the Korea Securities Depository. However, a foreign investor may be exempted from complying with this deposit requirement with the approval of the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service in circumstances where compliance with that requirement is made impracticable, including cases where compliance would contravene the laws of the home country of such foreign investor.

Under the Investment Rules, with certain exceptions, foreign investors may acquire shares of a Korean company without being subject to any foreign investment ceiling. As one such exception, designated public corporations are subject to a 40.0% ceiling on the acquisition of shares by foreigners in the aggregate and a ceiling on the acquisition of shares by a single foreign investor pursuant to the articles of incorporation of such corporation. Currently, Korea Electric Power Corporation is the only designated public corporation which has set such a ceiling. Furthermore, an investment by a foreign investor of not less than 10.0% of the issued shares with voting rights of a Korean company is defined as a direct foreign investment under the Foreign Investment Promotion Act, which is, in general, subject to the report to, and acceptance, by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy.Trade Industry & Energy. The acquisition of shares of a Korean company by a foreign investor may also be subject to certain foreign shareholding restrictions in the event that the restrictions are prescribed in each specific law which regulates the business of the Korean company. A foreigner who has acquired shares of our common stock in excess of this ceiling may not exercise his voting rights with respect to the shares of our common stock exceeding the limit.

Under the Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws, a foreign investor who intends to acquire shares must designate a foreign exchange bank at which he must open a foreign currency account and a Won account exclusively for stock investments. No approval is required for remittance into Korea and deposit of foreign currency funds in the foreign currency account. Foreign currency funds may be transferred from the foreign currency account at the time required to place a deposit for, or settle the purchase price of, a stock purchase transaction to a Won account opened at an investment broker or an investment trader. Funds in the foreign currency account may be remitted abroad without any governmental approval.

Dividends on Shares are paid in Won. No governmental approval is required for foreign investors to receive dividends on, or the Won proceeds of the sale of, any shares to be paid, received and retained in Korea. Dividends paid on, and the Won proceeds of the sale of, any shares held by a non-resident of Korea must be deposited either in a Won account with the investor’s investment broker or investment trader or his Won Account. Funds in the investor’s Won Account may be transferred to his foreign currency account or withdrawn for local living expenses up to certain limitations. Funds in the Won Account may also be used for future investment in shares or for payment of the subscription price of new shares obtained through the exercise of preemptive rights.

Investment brokers and investment traders are allowed to open foreign currency accounts with foreign exchange banks exclusively for accommodating foreign investors’ stock investments in Korea. Through these accounts, these investment brokers and investment traders may enter into foreign exchange transactions on a limited basis, such as conversion of foreign currency funds and Won funds, either as a counterparty to or on behalf of foreign investors, without the investors having to open their own accounts with foreign exchange banks.

Item 10.E.  Taxation

The following summary is based upon tax laws of the United States and the Republic of Korea as in effect on the date of this annual report on Form 20-F, and is subject to any change in United States or Korean law that may come into effect after such date. Investors in the shares of common stock or ADSs are advised to consult their own tax advisers as to the United States, Korean or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of such securities, including the effect of any national, state or local tax laws.

Korean Taxation

The following summary of Korean tax considerations applies to you as long as you are not:

 

a resident of Korea;

 

a corporation organized under Korean law; or

 

engaged in a trade or business in Korea through a permanent establishment or a fixed base.

Shares or ADSs

Dividends on Shares of Common Stock or ADSs

Unless an applicable tax treaty provides otherwise, we will deduct Korean withholding tax from dividends paid to you either in cash or shares at a rate of 22.0% (including local income tax). If you are a resident of a country that has entered into a tax treaty with Korea, you may qualify for a reduced rate of Korean withholding tax under such a treaty. For example, if you are a qualified resident of the United States for purposes of the US-Korea Tax Treaty (the “Treaty”) and you are the beneficial owner of a dividend, a reduced withholding tax rate of 16.5% (including local income tax) generally will apply. You will not be entitled to claim treaty benefits if you are not the beneficial owner of a dividend.

In order to obtain the benefits of a reduced withholding tax rate under a tax treaty, you must submit to us, prior to the dividend payment date, an application for entitlement to a reduced tax rate. If you hold ADSs and receive the dividends through a depositary, you are not required to submit the application for entitlement to a reduced tax rate. If you are an overseas investment vehicle (an “OIV”), which is defined as an organization established in a non-Korean jurisdiction that manages funds collected through investment solicitation by way of acquiring, disposing, or otherwise investing in any such evidence of tax residence as may be required byassets and distributes the Korean tax authorities. In the case of ADSs, evidence of tax residence may be submittedyield therefrom to investors), you must submit to us througha report of the depositary.OIV and a schedule of beneficial owners together with their applications for entitlement to a reduced tax rate, which you should collect from each beneficial owner. Excess taxes withheld may be recoverable if you subsequently produce satisfactory evidence that you were entitled to have tax withheld at a lower rate.

If we distribute to you free shares representing a transfer of certain capital reserves or asset revaluation reserves into paid-in capital, that distribution may be a deemed dividend subject to Korean tax.

Capital Gains

Capital gaingains from a sale of shares of common stock will generally be exempt from Korean taxation if you have owned, together with certain related parties, less than 25.0% of our total issued shares during the year of sale and the five calendar years before the year of sale, and the sale is made through the KRX KOSPI Market, and you have no permanent establishment in Korea. Capital gaingains earned by a non-Korean holder from a sale of ADSs outside of Korea are exempt from Korean taxation by virtue of the Special Tax Treatment Control Law of Korea (the “STTCL”), provided that the issuance of the ADSs is deemed to be an overseas issuance under the STTCL.

If you are subject to taxKorean taxation on capital gaingains from a sale of ADSs, or shares of common stock that you acquired as a result of a withdrawal, your gain will be calculated based on your cost of acquiring the ADSs representing the shares of common stock, although there are no specific

Korean tax provisions or rulings on this issue. In the absence of the application of a tax treaty that exempts tax on capital gain,gains, the amount of Korean tax imposed on such capital gains will be the lesser of 11.0% (including local income tax) of the gross realization proceeds or, subject to the production of satisfactory evidence of the acquisition cost and the transaction costs of the ADSs, 22.0% (including local income tax) of the net capital gain.

If you are subject to Korean taxation on capital gains from a sale of ADSs, or shares of common stock that you acquire as a result of a withdrawal, and you sell your shares of common stock or ADSs, the purchaser or, in the case of a sale of shares of common stock on the KRX KOSPI Market or through a licensed securities company in Korea, the licensed securities company, is required to withhold Korean tax from the sales price in an amount equal to 11% (including local income tax) of the gross realization proceeds and to make payment thereof to the Korean tax authorities, unless you establish your entitlement to an exemption offrom taxation under an applicable tax treaty or produce satisfactory evidence of your acquisition cost and the transaction costs for the shares of common stock or ADSs. In order to obtain the benefit of an exemption offrom tax pursuant to a tax treaty, you must submit to the purchaser or the securities company (or through the depositary), as the case may be, prior to the first payment, an exemption application, together with a certificate of your tax residence issued by a competent authority of your residence country. If you are an OIV, you must submit to us a report of the OIV and a schedule of beneficial owners together with their applications for exception, which you should collect from each beneficial owner. This requirement will not apply to exemptions under Korean tax law. Excess taxes withheld may be recoverable if you subsequently produce satisfactory evidence that you were entitled to have taxes withheld at a lower rate.

Most tax treaties that Korea has entered into provide exemptions for capital gains tax for capital gains from sale and purchase of shares of common stock. However, Korea’s tax treaties with Japan, Austria, Spain and a few other countries do not provide an exemption from such capital gains tax. For example, Article 13 of Korea’s tax treaty with Japan provides that if a taxpayer holding 25% or more (including those shares held by any related party of the taxpayer) of total issued shares of a company in a taxable year sells 5% or more (including those sold by any related party of the taxpayer) of total issued shares of the same company in the same taxable year, the country where the company is a resident may impose tax on such taxpayer.

Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax

Korean inheritance tax is imposed upon (a) all assets (wherever located) of the deceased if at the time of his death he was domiciled in Korea or had resided in Korea for a continuous period of one year or more immediately prior to his death and (b) all property located in Korea which passes on death (irrespective of the domicile of the deceased). Gift tax is imposed in similar circumstances to the above. Taxes are currently imposed at the rate of 10% to 50% if the value of the relevant property is above a certain limit and vary according to the identity of the parties involved.

Under Korean Inheritance and Gift Tax Law, shares issued by a Korean corporation are deemed located in Korea irrespective of where they are physically located or by whom they are owned. It remains unclear whether, for Korean inheritance and gift tax purposes, a non-resident holder of ADSs will be treated as the owner of the shares underlying the ADSs. If such non-resident is treated as the owner of the shares, the heir or donee of such non-resident (or in certain circumstances, the non-resident as the donor) will be subject to Korean inheritance or gift tax at the same rate as described above.

Securities Transaction Tax

If you transfer shares of common stock on the KRX KOSPI Market, you will be subject to the securities transaction tax at a rate of 0.15% and an agriculture and fishery special tax at a rate of 0.15%,

0.15%, calculated based on the sales price of the shares. If you transfer shares of common stock and your transfer is not made on the KRX KOSPI Market you will generally be subject to the securities transaction tax at a rate of 0.5% and will generally not be subject to the agriculture and fishery special tax.

With respect to transfers of ADSs, a tax ruling recently issued in 2004 by the Korean tax authority appears to hold that depositary receipts (such as the ADSs) constitute share certificates subject to the securities transaction tax. In May 2007, the Seoul Administrative Court held that depositary receipts do not constitute share certificates subject to the securities transaction tax. In 2008, the caseSeoul Administrative Court’s holding was upheld by the Seoul High Court and was further upheld by the Supreme Court. However, asSubsequent to this series of rulings, however, the Supreme Court dismissed the tax authorities’ appeal without ruling on the substantive law issue, it is not clear if the Supreme Court’s decision for this case will serve as the Supreme Court’s precedent on this issue. Even ifSecurities Transaction Tax Law was amended to expressly provide that depositary receipts (such as the ADSs) constituteconstituted a form of share certificates subject to the securities transaction tax undertax. However, the Securities Transaction Tax Law, sale price of ADSs from a transfer of depositary receipts listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq National Market or other qualified foreign exchanges are exempt from the securities transaction tax.

United States Federal Income Taxation

This summary describes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to you, if you are a U.S. holder (as defined below), of owning our shares of common stock or ADSs. This summary applies to you only if you hold shares of common stock or ADSs as capital assets for tax purposes. This summary does not apply to you if you are a member of a class of holders subject to special rules, such as:

 

a dealer in securities or currencies;

 

a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for your securities holdings;

 

a bank;

 

an insurance company;

 

a tax-exempt organization;

 

a person that holds shares of common stock or ADSs that are a hedge or that are hedged against interest rate or currency risks;

 

a person that holds shares of common stock or ADSs as part of a straddle or conversion transaction for tax purposes;

 

a person whose functional currency for tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar; or

 

a person that owns or is deemed to own 10% or more of any class of our stock.

Further, this summary does not address the alternative minimum tax, the Medicare tax on net investment income or other aspects of U.S. federal income or state and local taxation that may be relevant to a holder in light of such holder’s particular circumstances.

This summary is based on laws, treaties and regulatory interpretations in effect on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis.

Please consult your own tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and other national tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of shares of common stock or ADSs in your particular circumstances.

For purposes of this summary, you are a “U.S. holder” if you are a beneficial owner of shares of common stock or ADSs and are:

 

a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

an entity treated as a U.S. domestic corporation; or

 

otherwise subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis with respect to income from the shares of common stock or ADSs.

If an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds shares of common stock or ADSs, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will depend upon the status of the partnership and the activities of the partner. A partner of a partnership holding shares of common stock or ADSs should consult its own tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to the partner of the acquisition, ownership and disposition by the partnership of shares of common stock or ADSs.

Shares of Common Stock and ADSs

In general, if you hold ADSs, you will be treated as the holder of the shares of common stock represented by those ADSs for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and no gain or loss will be recognized if you exchange an ADS for the shares of common stock represented by that ADS.

Dividends

The gross amount of cash dividends that you receive (prior to deduction of Korean taxes) generally will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation as foreign source dividend income. Dividends paid in Won will be included in your income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of your (or, in the case of ADSs, the depositary’s) receipt of the dividend, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. If such a dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, you generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the treatment of any foreign currency gain or loss on any Won received by U.S. holders that are converted into U.S. dollars on a date subsequent to receipt.

Subject to certain exceptions for short-term and hedged positions, the U.S. dollar amount of dividends received by an individual prior to January 1, 2013 with respect to the ADSs and common stock will be subject to taxation at a maximum rate of 15%the reduced rates applicable to capital gains if the dividends are “qualified dividends.” Dividends paid on the ADSs and common stock will be treated as qualified dividends if (i) we are eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States that the Internal Revenue Service has approved for the purposes of the qualified dividend rules and (ii) we were not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”). The income tax treaty between Korea and the United States (the “Treaty”) has been approved for the purposes of the qualified dividend rules, and we believe we are eligible for benefits under the Treaty. Based on our audited financial statements and relevant market and shareholder data, we do not anticipate being classified as a PFIC. You should consult your own tax advisers regarding the availability of the reduced dividend tax rate in light of your own particular circumstances.

Distributions of additional shares in respect of shares of common stock or ADSs that are made as part of a pro-rata distribution to all of our shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.

Sales and Other Dispositions

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, gain or loss that you realize on the sale or other disposition of shares of common stock or ADSs will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares of common stock or ADSs were held for more than one year.

Foreign Tax Credit Considerations

You should consult your own tax advisers to determine whether you are subject to any special rules that limit your ability to make effective use of foreign tax credits, including the possible adverse impact of failing to take advantage of benefits under the income tax treaty between the United States and Korea. If no such rules apply, you generally may claim a credit, up to any applicable reduced rates provided under the Treaty, against your U.S. federal income tax liability for Korean taxes withheld from dividends on shares of common stock or ADSs, so long as you have owned the shares of common stock or ADSs (and not entered into certain kinds of hedging transactions) for at least a 16-day period that includes the ex-dividend date. Instead of claiming a credit, you may generally elect to deduct such Korean taxes in computing your taxable income provided that you do not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued for the relevant tax year. Foreign tax credits will not be allowed for withholding taxes imposed in respect of certain hedged positions in securities and may not be allowed in respect of arrangements in which your expected economic profit is insubstantial. You may not be able to use the foreign tax credit associated with any Korean withholding tax imposed on a distribution of additional shares that is not subject to U.S. tax unless you can use the credit against United States tax due on other foreign-source income.

Any Korean securities transaction tax or agriculture and fishery special tax that you pay will not be creditable for foreign tax credit purposes.

The calculation of foreign tax credits and, in the case of a U.S. holder that elects to deduct foreign taxes, the availability of deductions involve the application of complex rules that depend on a U.S. holder’s particular circumstances. You should consult your own tax advisers regarding the creditability or deductibility of such taxes.

U.S. Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Rules

Payments in respect of the shares of common stock or ADSs that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries are subject to information reporting and may be subject to backup withholding unless the holder (1) is a corporation or other exempt recipient or (2) provides a taxpayer identification number and certifies that no loss of exemption from backup withholding has occurred. Holders that are not U.S. persons generally are not subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, such a holder may be required to provide a certification of its non-U.S. status in connection with payments received within the United States or through a U.S.-related financial intermediary.

Item 10.F.  Dividends and Paying Agents

See “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends” for information concerning our dividend policies and our payment of dividends. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Item 10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—Dividends” for a discussion of the process by which dividends are paid on our common shares. See “Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities—Description of American Depositary Shares—Dividends and Distributions” for a discussion of the process by which dividends are paid on our ADSs. The paying agent for payment of our dividends on ADSs in the United States is Citibank, N.A.

Item 10.G.  Statements by Experts

Not applicable.

Item 10.H.  Documents on Display

We are subject to the information requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and, in accordance therewith, are required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These materials, including this annual report and the exhibits thereto, may be inspected and copied at the Commission’s public reference rooms in Washington, D.C., New York, New York and Chicago, Illinois. Please call the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. We are required to make filings with the Commission by electronic means, which will be available to the public over the Internet at the Commission’s web site at http://www.sec.gov.

Item 10.I.Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

Item 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to foreign exchange rate and interest rate risks primarily associated with underlying liabilities, and to equity price risk as a result of our investment in equity securities. Our long-term financial policies are annually reported to our Board of Directors, and our Value ManagementFinance Office conducts financial risk management and assessment. Upon identification and evaluation of our risk exposures, we, selectivelyhaving considered various circumstances, enter into derivative financial instruments to try to manage thesome of such risks. These contracts are entered into with major financial institutions, thereby minimizing the risk of credit loss. The activities of our finance division are subject to policies approved by our foreign exchange and interest rate risk management committee. These policies address the use of derivative financial instruments, including the approval of counterparties, setting of limits and investment of excess liquidity. Our general policy is to hold or issue derivative financial instruments largely for hedging purposes.

For our trading derivative contracts,financial instruments, we recognized a valuation gain of(Won)210 billion and a valuation loss of(Won)0 billion in 2010 and2012, a valuation gain of(Won)134 billion and a valuation loss of(Won)010 billion in 2011.2013 and a valuation gain of1 billion and a valuation loss of1 billion in 2014. For our hedging derivative contracts, we recognized a valuation gain of(Won)350 billion, a valuation loss of(Won)47241 billion and accumulated other comprehensive expenseloss of(Won)49171 billion in 20102012, a valuation gain of0 billion, a valuation loss of97 billion and accumulated other comprehensive loss of95 billion in 2013 and a valuation gain of(Won)5493 billion, a valuation loss of(Won)925 billion and accumulated other comprehensive income of(Won)22 billion in 2011.2014. For further details regarding the assets, liabilities, gains and losses recorded relating to our derivative contracts outstanding as of December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, see Note 98 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Exchange Rate Risk

Substantially all of our cash flow is denominated in Won. We are exposed to foreign exchange risk related to foreign currency denominated liabilities and anticipated foreign exchange payments. Anticipated foreign exchange payments, mostly in Dollars, relate primarily to payments of foreign currency denominated debt, net settlements paid to foreign telecommunication carriers and payments for equipment purchased from foreign suppliers. We have entered into several currency swap contracts, combined interest currency swap contracts and currency forward contracts to hedge our foreign currency risks.

The following table shows our assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency as of December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011.2014:

 

  As of December 31,   As of December 31, 
  2010   2011   2012   2013   2014 

(in thousands of foreign currencies)

  Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
   Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
   Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
   Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
   Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
 

U.S. Dollar

   201,620     2,421,054     209,742     2,299,644     217,488     2,377,137     254,917     2,225,700     197,221     2,532,614  

Special Drawing Right

   5,721     4,256     1,160     744     494     1,130     1,105     1,211     573     1,027  

Japanese Yen

   970,586     19,913,770     1,080,392     35,446,361     657,947     35,102,877     190,520     30,054,316     34,168     30,051,367  

British Pound

   6     131     7     108     1     9          134          257  

Euro

   632     1,317     1,239     3,357     5,395     2,614     1,342     4,943     134     177  

Algerian Dinar

   20,339          18,714          3,770          2,798          929       

Chinese Yuan

   14,772     991     14,495     700     10,236     197               3,957       

Russian Ruble

   1,412,479     238,975            

Uzbekistani Sum

   16,679,037     59,788,523            

Uzbekistani Som

   7,920,825     38,727,985     1,805,565          7,978,633       

Rwandan Franc

             11,962          13,593       

Indonesian Rupiah

             411,687     10,000     347,447                           

Hong Kong Dollar

                       158       

Bangladeshi Taka

                       299       

Colombian Peso

                       23,583       

Polish Zloty

                       28,195       

Vietnamese Dong

                       273,313     93,756  

Swiss Franc

                            78  

As of December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, a 10% increase in the exchange rate between the Won and all foreign currencies, with all other variables held constant, would have decreased our profitincome before income tax by(Won)6165 billion,46 billion and(Won)5745 billion, respectively, and shareholders’total equity by(Won)4652 billion,48 billion and(Won)5038 billion, respectively, with a 10% decrease in the exchange rate having the opposite effect. The foregoing sensitivity analysis assumes that all variables other than foreign exchange rates are held constant, and as such, does not reflect any correlation between foreign exchange rates and other variables, nor our decision to decrease the risk. See Note 3635 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Rate Risk

We are also subject to market risk exposure arising from changing interest rates. A reduction of interest rates increases the fair value of our debt portfolio, which is primarily of a fixed interest nature. We use, to a limited extent, interest rate swap contracts and combined interest rate and currency swap contracts to reduce interest rate volatility on some of our debt and manage our interest expense by achieving a balanced mixture of floating and fixed rate debt. We entered into several interest rate swap contracts in which we exchange fixed interest rate payments with variable interest rate payments for a specified period, as well as entered into the combined interest rate and currency swap contracts to hedge our interest rate risk.

The following table summarizes the principal amounts, fair values, principal cash flows by maturity date and weighted average interest rates of our short-term and long-term liabilities as of December 31, 20112014 which are sensitive to exchange rates and/or interest rates. The information is presented in Won, which is our reporting currency.currency:

 

 Maturities 
             December 31, 2011   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 December 31, 2014 
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Thereafter Total Fair Value   2015 2016 2017 2018 Thereafter Total Fair Value 
 (In Won millions except rates)   (in millions of Won, except rates) 

Local currency:

                

Fixed rate

  1,690,076    1,527,610    1,239,051    612,648    1,239,476    1,618,963    7,927,824    7,975,810     2,325,559    1,934,968    1,505,000    1,161,409    2,967,024    9,893,960    9,864,603  

Average weighted rate (1)

  4.75  5.46  5.03  5.35  4.31  4.61  4.21       3.61  4.16  3.47  3.86  3.64  3.73    

Variable rate

  51,342    15,000    30,000    40,000    0    0    136,342    137,048     40,000    40,000                80,000    79,782  

Average weighted rate (1)

  3.77  4.94  4.54  4.97  0  0  4.42       2.52  2.94        2.73    
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Sub-total

  1,741,418    1,542,610    1,269,051    652,648    1,239,476    1,618,963    8,064,166    8,112,858     2,365,559    1,974,968    1,505,000    1,161,409    2,967,024    9,973,960    9,944,385  
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Foreign currency:

                

Fixed rate

  235,243    519,806    691,980    461,320    230,660    115,330    2,254,339    2,327,392     492,515    387,305    1,099,200    62,570    494,640    2,536,230    2,568,710  

Average weighted rate (1)

  5.35  1.58  5.88  4.88  5.88  6.50  4.66       4.49  3.64  2.50  0.86  3.49  3.21    

Variable rate

  136,842    461,320    115,330    0    0    0    713,492    686,780     2,198            329,760        331,958    308,347  

Average weighted rate (1)

  2.08  1.59  1.52  0  0  0  1.67       2.62      1.41    1.42    
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Subtotal

  372,085    981,126    807,310    461,320    230,660    115,330    2,967,831    3,014,172     494,713    387,305    1,099,200    392,330    494,640    2,868,188    2,877,057  
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  2,113,503    2,523,736    2,076,361    1,113,968    1,470,136    1,734,293    11,031,997    11,127,030     2,860,272    2,362,273    2,604,200    1,553,739    3,461,664    12,842,148    12,821,442  
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

 

(1)Weighted average rates of the portfolio at the period end.

As of December 31, 20102012 and 2011,2014 a 100 basis point increase in the market interest rates, with all other variables held constant, would have decreased our profit before income tax by(Won)1 billion562 million and(Won)15 billion, respectively and shareholders’increased our profit before income tax by10 billion, as of December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2012, a 100 basis point increase in the market interest rates, with all other variables held constant would have decreased total equity by(Won)4368 million, and increased our total equity by13 billion and(Won)345 million, respectively,5 billion, as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

As of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, a 100 basis point decrease in the market interest rates, with all other variables held constant, would have decreased our profit before income tax by(Won)5 billion,17 billion and(Won)135 billion, respectively, and shareholders’total equity by(Won)155 billion,19 billion and 1411 billion, respectively. The foregoing sensitivity analysis assumes that all variables other than market interest rates are held constant, and as such, does not reflect any correlation between market interest rates and other variables, nor our decision to decrease the risk, but reflects the effects of derivative contracts in place at the time of conducting the analysis.

Equity Price Risk

We are also subject to market risk exposure arising from changes in the equity securities market, which affect the fair value of our equity portfolio. As of December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, a 10% increase in the equity indices where our marketable equity securities are listed, with all other variables held constant, would have increased our shareholders’total equity by(Won)25 billion,6 billion and(Won)47 billion, respectively, with a 10% decrease in the equity index having the opposite effect. The foregoing sensitivity analysis assumes that all variables other than changes in the equity index are held constant, and that our marketable equity instruments had moved according to the historical correlation to the index, and as such, does not reflect any correlation between the equity index and other variables.

Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

Item 12.A.  Debt Securities

Not applicable.

Item 12.B.  Warrants and Rights

Not applicable.

Item 12.C.Other Securities

Not applicable.

Item 12.D.  American Depositary Shares

Fees and Charges

Under the terms of the deposit agreement, holders of our ADSs are required to pay the following service fees to the depositary:

 

Services

  

Fees

Issuance of ADSs upon deposit of shares

  Up to $0.05 per ADS issued

Delivery of deposited shares against surrender of ADSs

  Up to $0.05 per ADS surrendered

Distribution delivery of ADSs pursuant to sale or exercise of rights

  Up to $0.02 per ADS held

Distributions of dividends

  None

Distribution of securities other than ADSs

  Up to $0.02 per ADS held

Other corporate action involving distributions to shareholders

  Up to $0.02 per ADS held

Holders of our ADSs are also responsible for paying certain fees and expenses incurred by the depositary and certain taxes and governmental charges such as:

 

  

fees for the transfer and registration of shares charged by the registrar and transfer agent for the shares in Korea (i.e., upon deposit and withdrawal of shares);

 

expenses incurred for converting foreign currency into U.S. dollars;

 

expenses for cable, telex and fax transmissions and for delivery of securities;

 

  

taxes and duties upon the transfer of securities (i.e., when shares are deposited or withdrawn from deposit); and

 

fees and expenses incurred in connection with the delivery or servicing of shares on deposit.

Depositary fees payable upon the issuance and surrender of ADSs are typically paid to the depositary by the brokers (on behalf of their clients) receiving the newly issued ADSs from the depositary and by the brokers (on behalf of their clients) delivering the ADSs to the depositary for surrender. The brokers in turn charge these fees to their clients. Depositary fees payable in connection with distributions of cash or securities to ADS holders and the depositary services fee are charged by the depositary to the holders of record of ADSs as of the applicable ADS record date.

The depositary fees payable for cash distributions are generally deducted from the cash being distributed. In the case of distributions other than cash (i.e., stock dividend, rights), the depositary charges the applicable fee to the ADS record date holders concurrent with the distribution. In the case of ADSs registered in the name of the investor (whether certificated or uncertificated in direct registration), the depositary sends invoices to the applicable record date ADS holders. In the case of ADSs held in brokerage and custodian accounts (via the Depository Trust Company, or DTC), the depositary generally collects its fees through the systems provided by DTC (whose nominee is the registered holder of the ADSs held in DTC) from the brokers and custodians holding ADSs in their DTC accounts. The brokers and custodians who hold their clients’ ADSs in DTC accounts in turn charge their clients’ accounts the amount of the fees paid to the depositary.

In the event of refusal to pay the depositary fees, the depositary may, under the terms of the deposit agreement, refuse to provide the requested service until payment is received or may set off the amount of the depositary fees from any distribution to be made to such holder of ADSs.

The fees and charges that holders of our ADSs may be required to pay may vary over time and may be changed by us and by the depositary. Holders of our ADSs will receive prior notice of such changes.

Fees and Payments from the Depositary to Us

In 2011,2014, we received the following payments, after deduction of applicable U.S. taxes, from the depositary:

 

Reimbursement of NYSE listing fees:

  $103,750  

Reimbursement of SEC filing fees:

  $11,779  

Reimbursement of settlement infrastructure fees (including maintenance fees):

  $180,269  

Reimbursement of proxy process expenses (printing, postage and distribution):

  $40,292  

Reimbursement of legal fees (reimbursement received in April 2012 in respect of 2011):

  $363,953  

Contributions toward our investor relations efforts (including non-deal roadshows, investor conferences and investor relations agency fees):

  $456,951  

Reimbursement of NYSE listing fees

  $100,030,00  

Reimbursement of SEC filing fees

  $49,606.15  

Reimbursement of settlement infrastructure fees (including maintenance fees)

  $102,436.90  

Reimbursement of proxy process expenses (printing, postage and distribution)

  $71,805.20  

Reimbursement of legal fees (reimbursement received in April 2015 in respect of 2014)

  $371,615.61  

Contributions toward our investor relations efforts (including non-deal roadshows, investor conferences and investor relations agency fees)

  $355,728.86  

PART II

Item 13.Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

Not applicable.

Item 14.  Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 15.Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of December 31, 2011.2014. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including

the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures.

Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.December 31, 2014. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms,forms. Our disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that itinformation required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, and under the supervision of, our principal executive, principal operating and principal financial officers, and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records, that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our financial statements would be prevented or detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Originally issued in 1992, the “Internal Control—Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “1992 Framework”) was amended in May 2013 (as amended, the “2013 Framework”), with application of the 1992 Framework available until December 15, 2014, after which only the 2013 Framework will be available. Our management has completedperformed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011 based on2014 utilizing the criteria discussed in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).2013 Framework. Based on this assessment, managementwe concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2011.2014.

Samil PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered public accounting firm, which also audited our consolidated financial statements as of, and for the year ended December 31, 2011,2014, as stated in their report which is included herein, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

The attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting is furnished in Item 18 of this Form 20-F.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no changeWe completed the implementation of the New ERP System in July 2012, and changed, established or reevaluated any related parts in our internal control over financial reporting duringaccordingly. We also conducted evaluations prior to and after the year covered by this annual reportimplementation of the New ERP System, and confirmed that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.reporting remains effective.

Item 16.  [Reserved][Reserved]

Item 16A.  Audit Committee Financial Expert

AtIn March 2015, our shareholders elected Dae-Keun Park and Dong-Wook Chung as members of the Audit Committee at our annual shareholders’ meetings in March 2012, our shareholders reelected E. Han Kim as a member of the Audit Committee.meeting. Our Audit Committee is comprised of Hyun-Nak Lee, E. HanJong-Goo Kim, Sang Kyun Cha, Dae-Keun Park and Byong Won Bahk.Dong-Wook Chung. The board of directors has determined that E. Han Kim and Byong Won Bahk areDae-Keun Park is the audit committee financial experts.expert.

Item 16B. Code of Ethics

We have adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 16B. of Form 20-F under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our code of ethics applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and persons performing similar functions, as well as to our directors, other officers and employees. Our code of ethics is available on our web site at www.kt.com. If we amend the provisions of our code of ethics that apply to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and persons performing similar functions, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose such amendment or waiver on our web site.website.

Item 16C.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

The following table sets forth the fees billed to us by Samil PricewaterhouseCoopers, our independent auditors,registered public accounting firm, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011:2014:

 

  Year Ended
December 31,
   Year Ended
December 31,
 
  2010   2011   2013   2014 
  (In millions)   (In millions) 

Audit fees(1)

  (Won)2,380    (Won)2,492    2,843    3,493  

Audit-related fees

   70     100            

Tax fees(2)

   43     146     1,778     525  

Other fees

   0     0            
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total fees

  (Won)2,493    (Won)2,738    4,621    4,018  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Audit fees in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by our auditors in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements and the review of our interim financial statements.

(1)Audit fees consist of fees for the annual audit and quarterly review services engagement and the comfort letters.

(2)Tax fees consist of fee for tax services which are mainly the preparation or non-recurring tax compliance review of original or amended tax returns.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Our audit committee has established pre-approval policies and procedures to pre-approve all audit services to be provided by Samil PricewaterhouseCoopers, our independent registered public accounting firm. Our audit committee’s policy regarding the pre-approval of non-audit services to be

provided to us by our independent auditorsregistered public accounting firm is that all such services shall be pre-approved by our audit committee. Non-audit services that are prohibited to be provided to us by our independent auditorsregistered public accounting firm under the rules of the SEC and applicable law may not be pre-approved. In addition, prior to the

granting of any pre-approval, our audit committee must be satisfied that the performance of the services in question will not compromise the independence of our independent registered public accounting firm and does not include delegation of the audit committee’s responsibilities to the management under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Our audit committee did not pre-approve any non-audit services under thede minimis exception of Rule 2-01 (c)(7)(i)(C) of Regulation S-X as promulgated by the SEC.

Item 16D.  Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Not applicable.

Item 16E.  Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table sets forth the repurchases of common shares by us or any affiliated purchasers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011:2014:

 

Period

  Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
   Average Price
Paid per Share
(In Won)
   Total Number of
Shares Purchased

as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
   Maximum Number of
Shares that May Yet
be Purchased

Under the Plans
 

January 1 to January 31

       —         —         —         —  

February 1 to February 29

                    

March 1 to March 31

                    

April 1 to April 30

                    

May 1 to May 31

                    

June 1 to June 30

                    

July 1 to July 31

                    

August 1 to August 31

                    

September 1 to September 30

                    

October 1 to October 31

                    

November 1 to November 30

                    

December 1 to December 31

                    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

                    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Neither we nor any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) of the Exchange Act, purchased any of our equity securities during the period covered by this annual report.

Item 16F.  Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

Not Applicableapplicable.

Item 16G.  Corporate Governance

The following is a summary of the significant differences between the New York Stock Exchange’s corporate governance standards and those that we follow under Korean law.law:

 

NYSE Corporate Governance Standards

  

KT Corporation’s Corporate Governance Practice

Director Independence

  
Independent directors must comprise a majority of the board.  

The Commercial Code of Korea requires that our board of directors must comprise no less than a majority of outside directors. Our outside directors must meet the criteria for outside directorship set forth under the Commercial Code of Korea.

 

The majority of our board of directors is independent (as defined in accordance with the New York Stock Exchange’s standards), and 8 out of 11 directors are outside directors.

NYSE Corporate Governance Standards

KT Corporation’s Corporate Governance Practice

Nomination/Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee

  
Listed companies must have a nomination/nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors.  We have not established a nomination/nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors. However, we maintain an Outside Director Candidate Nominating Committee composed of all of our outside directors and one non-independent director. We also maintain a Corporate Governance Committee comprised of four outside directors and one non-independent director. The committee is responsible for the review of matters with respect to our Corporate Governance Guidelines and our performance under such guidelines to monitor effectiveness of our corporate governance.

Compensation Committee

  
Listed companies must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors.  We maintain an Evaluation and Compensation Committee composed of four outside directors.

Executive Session

  
Listed companiesNon-management directors must hold meetings solely attended by non-management directors to more effectively check and balance management directors.meet in regularly scheduled executive sessions without management.  Our outside directors hold meetings solely attended by outside directors in accordance with the charter of our board of directors.

Audit Committee

  
Listed companies must have an audit committee that is composed of more than three directors and satisfy the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.  We maintain an Audit Committee comprised of four outside directors who meet the applicable independence criteria set forth under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.

Shareholder Approval of Equity Compensation Plan

  
Listed companies must allow their shareholders to exercise their voting rights with respect to any material revision to the company’s equity compensation plan.  

We currently have two equity compensation plans: one providing for the grant of stock options to officers and non-independent directors; and an employee stock ownership association program.

 

All material matters related to the granting stock options are provided in our articles of incorporation, and any amendments to the articles of incorporation are subject to shareholders’ approval. Matters related to the employee stock ownership association program are not subject to shareholders’ approval under Korean law.

NYSE Corporate Governance Standards

KT Corporation’s Corporate Governance Practice

Corporate Governance Guidelines

  
Listed companies must adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines.  We have adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines in March 2007 setting forth our practices with respect to corporate governance matters. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines are in compliance with Korean law but do not meet all requirements established by the New York Stock Exchange for U.S. companies listed on the exchange. A copy of our Corporate Governance Guidelines in Korean is available on our website at www.kt.com.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

  
Listed companies must adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for executive officers.  We have adopted a Code of Ethics for all directors, officers and employees. A copy of our Code of Ethics in Korean is available on our website at www.kt.com

Item 16H.  Mine Safety Disclosure

Not Applicableapplicable.

PART III

Item 17.  Financial Statements

Not applicable.

Item 18.  Financial Statements

AUDITED CONSOLIDATED ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF KT CORPORATION

 

   Page 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-1F-2  

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2010, 20112013 and January 1, 20102014

   F-2F-3  

Consolidated Statements of IncomeOperations for the Years Ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 20112014

   F-5  

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 20112014

   F-6  

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’Shareholder’s Equity for the Years Ended December  31, 20102012, 2013 and 20112014

   F-7  

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 20112014

   F-10F-11  

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-11F-12  

Item 19.  Exhibits

 

1  Articles of Incorporation of KT Corporation (English translation)
2.1*  Deposit Agreement dated as of May 25, 1999 entered into among KT Corporation, Citibank, N.A., as depositary, and all Holders and Beneficial Owners of American Depositary Shares evidenced by the American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder, including the form of American depositary receipt (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(i) of the Registrant’s Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-13578) on Form F-6)
2.2*  Form of Amendment No. 1 Deposit Agreement dated as of May 25, 1999 entered into among KT Corporation, Citibank, N.A., as depositary, and all Holders and Beneficial Owners of American Depositary Shares evidenced by the American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder, including the form of American depositary receipt (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(ii) of the Registrant’s Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-13578) on Form F-6)
2.3*  Letter from Citibank, N.A., as depositary, to the Registrant relating to the pre-release of the American depositary receipts (incorporated herein by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-10330) on Form F-6)
2.4*  Letter from Citibank, N.A., as depositary, to the Registrant relating to the establishment of a direct registration system for ADSs and the issuance of uncertified ADSs as part of the direct registration system. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.4 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on June 30, 2008)
8.1  List of subsidiaries of KT Corporation
12.1  Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
12.2  Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.1  Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

15.1  The Framework Act on Telecommunications (English translation)
15.2  Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on Telecommunications (English translation)
15.3  The Telecommunications Business Act (English translation)
15.4  Enforcement Decree of the Telecommunications Business Act (English translation)

 

* Filed previously.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

F-2

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2013 and 2014

F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

F-5

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

F-6

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity for the years ended December  31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

F-7

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

F-11

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

F-12

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

KT Corporation

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position and the related consolidated statements of income,operations, of comprehensive income, of changes in shareholders’ equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of KT Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 20112014 and 2010 and January 1, 20102013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011 and 20102014 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011,2014, based on criteria established inInternal Control—IntegratedControl-Integrated Framework 2013 issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting in Item 15 of Form 20-F. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Samil PricewaterhouseCoopers

Seoul Korea

April 26, 201229, 2015

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 20112014

 

                 (in thousands
of U.S dollars)
              (in thousands of
U.S dollars)
 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Notes  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   12.31.2011   Notes  2013   2014   2014 
                 (Note 2)              (Unaudited) (Note 2) 

Assets

                  

Current assets

                  

Cash and cash equivalents

  2, 5, 6, 36  (Won)1,542,872    (Won)1,161,641    (Won)1,445,169    $1,253,073    4, 5  2,070,869    1,888,663    $1,718,216  

Trade and other receivables, net

  2, 5, 7, 35, 36   3,735,368     4,193,377     6,158,914     5,340,253    4, 6   5,239,569     4,811,050     4,376,865  

Short-term loans, net

  2, 5, 8, 36   443,722     725,342     698,030     605,246    4, 7   838,724     710,368     646,259  

Current finance lease receivables, net

  2, 5, 21, 36   198,987     194,771     248,703     215,645    4, 21   294,208     258,982     235,610  

Other financial assets

  2, 5, 9, 36   386,717     269,692     253,625     219,912    4, 8   480,062     332,708     302,682  

Current income tax assets

  2   26,664     287     838     727       35,273     3,566     3,244  

Inventories, net

  2, 10   765,378     710,617     674,727     585,040    9   673,618     418,883     381,080  

Other current assets

  11, 35   211,682     263,720     310,653     269,360    10   339,596     349,615     318,064  
    

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total current assets

     7,311,390     7,519,447     9,790,659     8,489,256       9,971,919     8,773,835     7,982,020  
    

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 

Non-current assets

                  

Trade and other receivables, net

  2, 5, 7, 35, 36   779,639     1,125,336     1,723,415     1,494,334    4, 6   813,471     848,863     772,255  

Long-term loans, net

  2, 5, 8, 36   467,507     407,879     491,301     425,996    4, 7   509,873     584,914     532,127  

Non-current finance lease receivables, net

  2, 5, 21, 36   323,778     402,568     487,957     423,096    4, 21   415,729     325,431     296,062  

Other financial assets

  2, 5, 9, 36   403,667     269,358     621,699     539,061    4, 8   672,645     704,760     641,157  

Property and equipment, net

  2, 12, 21, 34   14,032,578     13,398,272     14,022,695     12,158,757    11   16,386,964     16,468,196     14,981,983  

Investment property, net

  2, 13, 34   1,030,018     1,146,250     1,159,105     1,005,033    12   1,105,495     1,059,630     964,001  

Intangible assets, net

  2, 14, 34   1,385,694     1,418,920     2,643,485     2,292,105    13   3,827,393     3,544,033     3,224,193  

Investments in jointly controlled entities and associates

  2, 15   306,064     638,061     529,184     458,843    14   363,903     338,780     308,206  

Deferred income tax assets

  2, 30   570,778     565,329     529,856     459,426    29   706,977     1,078,792     981,434  

Other non-current assets

  2, 11   52,581     50,183     86,053     74,616    10   75,748     72,041     65,541  
    

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total non-current assets

     19,352,304     19,422,156     22,294,750     19,331,267       24,878,198     25,025,440     22,766,959  
    

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total assets

    (Won)26,663,694    (Won)26,941,603    (Won)32,085,409    $27,820,523      34,850,117    33,799,275    $30,748,979  
    

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (Continued)(continued)

January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 20112014

 

                   (in thousands
of U.S dollars)
 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Notes  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   12.31.2011 
                  (Note 2) 

Liabilities and Equity

          

Current liabilities

          

Trade and other payables

  5, 16, 35, 36  (Won)5,288,058    (Won)4,424,198    (Won)5,890,425    $5,107,453  

Current finance lease liabilities, net

  5, 21, 35, 36   6,224     33,089     46,155     40,020  

Borrowings

  5, 17, 36   2,049,155     2,722,458     2,112,438     1,831,647  

Other financial liabilities

  5, 9, 20, 36   7,378     1,143     8,287     7,185  

Current income tax liabilities

     9,702     283,828     187,070     162,204  

Provisions

  18, 20   28,906     58,477     122,585     106,291  

Deferred revenue

     128,308     176,652     167,907     145,588  

Other current liabilities

  11, 35   222,838     184,828     210,258     182,309  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     7,740,569     7,884,673     8,745,125     7,582,697  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

          

Trade and other payables

  5, 16, 35, 36   295,621     381,507     651,713     565,085  

Non-current finance lease liabilities, net

  5, 21, 35, 36   1,329     60,767     90,042     78,073  

Borrowings

  5, 17, 36   7,517,545     6,659,906     8,886,114     7,704,946  

Other financial liabilities

  5, 9, 20, 36   19,487     37,783     288,473     250,128  

Retirement benefit liabilities

  19   86,026     263,978     425,712     369,125  

Provisions

  18, 20   102,999     110,400     142,965     123,962  

Deferred revenue

     154,448     156,873     160,981     139,583  

Deferred income tax liabilities

  30   2,242     4,449     124,437     107,896  

Other non-current liabilities

  11, 35   28,612     27,212     32,038     27,781  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-current liabilities

     8,208,309     7,702,875     10,802,475     9,366,579  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

    (Won)15,948,878    (Won)15,587,548    (Won)19,547,600    $16,949,276  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (Continued)

January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010 and 2011

                (in thousands
of U.S dollars)
 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Notes  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011  12.31.2011 

Equity attributable to owners of the Parent Company

       

Capital stock

  22  (Won)1,564,499   (Won)1,564,499   (Won)1,564,499   $1,356,541  

Share premium

     1,440,258    1,440,258    1,440,258    1,248,815  

Retained earnings

  23   9,693,037    9,466,168    10,219,633    8,861,210  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     (40,557  (79,370  (22,865  (19,826

Other components of equity

  24, 25   (2,154,147  (1,258,293  (1,497,289  (1,298,265
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
     10,503,090    11,133,262    11,704,236    10,148,475  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Non-controlling interest

     211,726    220,793    833,573    722,772  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total equity

     10,714,816    11,354,055    12,537,809    10,871,247  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

    (Won)26,663,694   (Won)26,941,603   (Won)32,085,409   $27,820,523  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

Years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011

(in millions of Korean won, except
per share amounts)

  Notes  2010  2011  (in thousands
of U.S dollars)
 
      2011 
            (Note 2) 

Continuing Operations:

      

Operating revenue

  2, 5, 9, 15, 26, 34, 35  (Won)20,326,275   (Won)21,990,051   $19,067,069  

Operating expenses

  2, 5, 9, 15, 27, 35   18,318,404    20,016,330    17,355,701  

Operating profit

  28, 34   2,007,871    1,973,721    1,711,368  

Finance income

  29   239,379    267,419    231,873  

Finance costs

  29   (598,663  (640,216  (555,117

Income (loss) from jointly controlled entities and associates

  15   32,686    (3,038  (2,634

Profit from continuing operations before income tax

     1,681,273    1,597,886    1,385,490  

Income tax expense

  2, 30   (396,369  (316,735  (274,634
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Profit for the period from the continuing operations

     1,284,904    1,281,151    1,110,856  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Discontinued Operations:

      

Profit from discontinued operations

  38   29,980    170,868    148,156  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Profit for the period

    (Won)1,314,884   (Won)1,452,019   $1,259,012  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Profit for the period attributable to:

      

Equity holders of the Parent Company

    (Won)1,295,841   (Won)1,446,551   $1,254,271  

Profit from continuing operations

     1,273,191    1,276,512    1,106,834  

Profit from discontinued operations

     22,650    170,039    147,437  

Non-controlling interest

    (Won)19,043   (Won)5,468   $4,741  

Profit from continuing operations

     11,713    4,639    4,022  

Profit from discontinued operations

     7,330    829    719  

Earnings per share attributable to the equity holders of the Parent Company during the period (in won):

      

Basic earnings per share

  31  (Won)5,328   (Won)5,946   $5.156  

From continuing operations

     5,235    5,247    4.550  

From discontinued operations

     93    699    0.606  

Diluted earnings per share

    (Won)5,328   (Won)5,946   $5.156  

From continuing operations

     5,235    5,247    4.550  

From discontinued operations

     93    699    0.606  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011

(in millions of Korean won)

  Notes  2010  2011  (in thousands
of U.S dollars)
 
      2011 
            (Note 2) 

Profit for the period

    (Won)1,314,884   (Won)1,452,019   $1,259,012  

Other comprehensive income

      

Changes in value of available-for-sale financial assets

  9   (1,033  60,834    52,748  

Net reclassification adjustment for realized losses of available-for-sale financial assets

  9   2,771    (1,376  (1,193

Actuarial loss on retirement benefit liabilities

  19   (146,728  (108,065  (93,701

Net gains(losses) on cashflow hedges

  9   (37,899  16,459    14,271  

Net reclassification adjustment for cashflow hedges

  9   2,746    11,712    10,155  

Shares of other comprehensive income (expense) from jointly controlled entities and associates

  15   2,379    (2,633  (2,283

Net reclassification to income for jointly controlled entities and associates

  15       (2,055  (1,782

Shares of actuarial gain (loss) of jointly controlled entities and associates

  15   (238  (1,918  (1,663

Currency translation differences

     (10,819  12,029    10,430  

Net reclassification adjustment for currency translation differences

         22,661    19,649  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income for the period

    (Won)1,126,063   (Won)1,459,667   $1,265,643  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income for the period attributable to:

      

Equity holders of the Parent Company

     1,111,361    1,396,415    1,210,799  

Non-controlling interest

     14,702    63,252    54,844  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011

    Attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company       

(in millions of Korean won)

 Notes Capital
stock
  Share
premium
  Retained
earnings
  Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
income (loss)
  Other
Components
of equity
  Total  Non-controlling
interest
  Total equity 

Balance at January 1, 2010

  (Won)1,564,499   (Won)1,440,258   (Won)9,693,037   (Won)(40,557 (Won)(2,154,147 (Won)10,503,090   (Won)211,726   (Won)10,714,816  

Comprehensive income

         

Profit for the period

           1,295,841            1,295,841    19,043    1,314,884  

Changes in value of available-for-sale financial assets

 9              1,603        1,603    135    1,738  

Actuarial loss on retirement benefit liabilities

 9          (145,429          (145,429  (1,299  (146,728

Net losses on cashflow hedge

 9              (35,153      (35,153      (35,153

Shares of other comprehensive income of jointly controlled entities and associates

 15              2,384        2,384    (5  2,379  

Shares of actuarial gain of jointly controlled entities and associates

 15          (238          (238      (238

Currency translation differences

               (7,647      (7,647  (3,172  (10,819

Transactions with equity holders

         

Dividends

 32          (486,393          (486,393  (6,792  (493,185

Appropriations of loss on disposal of treasury stock

           (890,650      890,650              

Change in ownership interest in subsidiaries

                   (520  (520  2,175    1,655  

Others

                   5,724    5,724    (1,018  4,706  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2010

  (Won)1,564,499   (Won)1,440,258   (Won)9,466,168   (Won)(79,370 (Won)(1,258,293 (Won)11,133,262   (Won)220,793   (Won)11,354,055  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at January 1, 2011

  (Won)1,564,499   (Won)1,440,258   (Won)9,466,168   (Won)(79,370 (Won)(1,258,293 (Won)11,133,262   (Won)220,793   (Won)11,354,055  

Comprehensive income

         

Profit for the period

           1,446,551            1,446,551    5,468    1,452,019  

Changes in value of available-for-sale financial assets

 9              5,090        5,090    54,368    59,458  

Actuarial loss on retirement benefit liabilities

 9          (104,723          (104,723  (3,342  (108,065

Net gains on cashflow hedge

 9              28,178        28,178    (7  28,171  

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011

    Attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company       

(in millions of Korean won)

 Notes Capital
stock
  Share
premium
  Retained
earnings
  Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
income (loss)
  Other
Components
of equity
  Total  Non-controlling
interest
  Total equity 

Shares of other comprehensive income of jointly controlled entities and associates

 15              (5,283      (5,283  595    (4,688

Shares of actuarial gain of jointly controlled entities and associates

 15          (1,918          (1,918      (1,918

Currency translation differences

               28,520        28,520    6,170    34,690  

Transactions with equity holders

         

Dividends

 32          (586,150          (586,150  (9,050  (595,200

Appropriations of loss on disposal of treasury stock

           (295      295              

Changes in consolidation scope

                           503,588    503,588  

Change in ownership interest in subsidiaries

                   (253,445  (253,445  36,457    (216,988

Others

                   14,154    14,154    18,533    32,687  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2011

  (Won)1,564,499   (Won)1,440,258   (Won)10,219,633   (Won)(22,865 (Won)(1,497,289 (Won)11,704,236   (Won)833,573   (Won)12,537,809  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
           (in thousands of
U.S dollars)
 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Notes 2013  2014  2014 
          (Unaudited) (Note 2) 

Liabilities and Equity

    

Current liabilities

    

Trade and other payables

 4, 15 7,413,823   6,408,111   $5,829,795  

Current finance lease liabilities, net

 4  19,487    20,155    18,336  

Borrowings

 4, 16  3,020,706    2,955,644    2,688,905  

Other financial liabilities

 4, 8  63,820    23,717    21,577  

Current income tax liabilities

   99,848    45,799    41,666  

Provisions

 17  114,755    111,439    101,382  

Deferred revenue

   143,601    143,530    130,577  

Other current liabilities

 10  348,076    278,752    253,595  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

   11,224,116    9,987,147    9,085,833  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

    

Trade and other payables

 4, 15  1,058,884    909,192    827,140  

Non-current finance lease liabilities, net

 4  48,723    34,852    31,707  

Borrowings

 4, 16  8,463,187    9,859,741    8,969,924  

Other financial liabilities

 4, 8  178,812    190,525    173,331  

Defined benefit liabilities, net

 18  586,083    593,838    540,246  

Provisions

 17  133,561    106,430    96,825  

Deferred revenue

   147,837    147,439    134,133  

Deferred income tax liabilities

 29  169,498    143,964    130,972  

Other non-current liabilities

 10  2,000    38,590    35,107  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total non-current liabilities

   10,788,585    12,024,571    10,939,385  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   22,012,701    22,011,718    20,025,218  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Equity attributable to owners of the Parent Company

    

Capital stock

 22  1,564,499    1,564,499    1,423,307  

Share premium

   1,440,258    1,440,258    1,310,278  

Retained earnings

 23  10,019,389    8,568,399    7,795,123  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

 24  24,538    25,790    23,463  

Other components of equity

 24  (1,320,943  (1,260,709  (1,146,933
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   11,727,741    10,338,237    9,405,238  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Non-controlling interest

   1,109,675    1,449,320    1,318,523  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total equity

   12,837,416    11,787,557    10,723,761  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

  34,850,117   33,799,275   $30,748,979  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)Operations

Years ended December 31, 20112012, 2013 and 2014

 

    Attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company       

(in thousands of U.S dollars)
(Note2)

 Notes Capital
stock
  Share
premium
  Retained
earnings
  Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
income (loss)
  Other
Components
of equity
  Total  Non-controlling
interest
  Total
equity
 

Balance at January 1, 2011

  $1,356,541   $1,248,815   $8,207,898   $(68,820 $(1,091,037 $9,653,397   $191,446   $9,844,843  

Comprehensive income

         

Profit for the period

           1,254,271            1,254,271    4,741    1,259,012  

Changes in value of available-for-sale financial assets

 9              4,414        4,414    47,141    51,555  

Actuarial loss on retirement benefit liabilities

 9          (90,803          (90,803  (2,898  (93,701

Net gains on cashflow hedge

 9              24,432        24,432    (6  24,426  

Shares of other comprehensive income of jointly controlled entities and associates

 15              (4,581      (4,581  516    (4,065

Shares of actuarial gain of jointly controlled entities and associates

 15          (1,663          (1,663      (1,663

Currency translation differences

               24,729        24,729    5,350    30,079  

Transactions with equity holders

         

Dividends

 32          (508,237          (508,237  (7,847  (516,084

Appropriations of loss on disposal of treasury stock

           (256      256              

Changes in consolidation scope

                           436,650    436,650  

Change in ownership interest in subsidiaries

                   (219,756  (219,756  31,610    (188,146

Others

                   12,272    12,272    16,069    28,341  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2011

  $1,356,541   $1,248,815   $8,861,210   $(19,826 $(1,298,265 $10,148,475   $722,772   $10,871,247  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won, except

per share amounts)

             (in thousands
of U.S dollars)
 
 Notes  2012  2013  2014  2014 
              (Unaudited) (Note 2) 

Continuing Operations

     

Operating revenue

  26   24,643,772   24,057,881   23,727,378   $21,586,043  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Revenue

   23,856,375    23,728,673    23,469,287    21,351,244  

Others

   787,397    329,208    258,091    234,799  

Operating expenses

  27    22,963,673    23,734,497    24,389,781    22,188,665  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating profit

   1,680,099    323,384    (662,403  (602,622

Finance income

  28    498,657    279,349    254,900    231,896  

Finance costs

  28    (781,993  (647,500  (818,443  (744,581

Income from jointly controlled entities and associates

  14    18,079    6,601    18,198    16,556  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Profit(loss) from continuing operations before income tax

   1,414,842    (38,166  (1,207,748  (1,098,751

Income tax expense (income)

  29    277,869    49,579    (266,335  (242,299
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Profit(loss) for the year from the continuing operations

   1,136,973    (87,745  (941,413  (856,452
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Discontinued Operations

     

Loss from discontinued operations

  40    (31,534            
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Profit(loss) for the year

  1,105,439   (87,745 (941,413 $(856,452
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Profit(loss) for the year attributable to:

     

Equity holders of the Parent Company

  1,046,127   (189,931 (1,030,240 $(937,263

Profit(loss) from continuing operations

   1,075,694    (189,931  (1,030,240  (937,263

Loss from discontinued operations

   (29,567            

Non-controlling interest

  59,312   102,186   88,827   $80,811  

Profit from continuing operations

   61,279    102,186    88,827    80,811  

Loss from discontinued operations

   (1,967            

Earnings(loss) per share attributable to the equity holders of the Parent Company during the year (in won):

     

Basic earnings(loss) per share

  30   4,296   (779 (4,215 $(4

From continuing operations

   4,417    (779  (4,215  (4

From discontinued operations

   (121            

Diluted earnings(loss) per share

  30   4,296   (782 (4,215 $(4

From continuing operations

   4,417    (782  (4,215  (4

From discontinued operations

   (121            

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsComprehensive Income

Years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 20112014

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Notes  2010  2011  (in thousands
of U.S dollars)
 
      2011 
            (Note2) 

Cash flows from operating activities

      

Cash generated from operations

  33  (Won)3,272,059   (Won)2,905,037   $2,518,891  

Interest paid

     (554,054  (512,643  (444,501

Interest received

     252,161    156,932    136,072  

Dividends received

     50,194    15,330    13,293  

Income tax paid

     (79,470  (414,631  (359,517

Income tax refund received

     32,218    284    246  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash generated from operating activities

     2,973,108    2,150,309    1,864,484  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities

      

Collection of loans

     13,523    66,713    57,845  

Origination of loans

     (53,621  (71,450  (61,953

Disposal of available-for-sale financial assets

     74,363    65,760    57,019  

Acquisition of available-for-sale financial assets

     (86,289  (188,752  (163,663

Disposal of investments in jointly controlled entities and associates

     48,703    102,563    88,930  

Acquisition of investments in jointly controlled entities and associates

     (276,404  (65,055  (56,407

Disposal of current and non-current financial instruments

     476,443    240,779    208,774  

Acquisition of current and non-current financial instruments

     (252,035  (257,619  (223,376

Disposal of property and equipment

     181,425    594,250    515,261  

Acquisition of property and equipment

     (2,713,358  (3,208,337  (2,781,875

Disposal of intangible assets

     6,008    14,763    12,801  

Acquisition of intangible assets

     (331,779  (476,888  (413,499

Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired

     (2,749  208,752    181,004  

Cash inflow(outflow) from changes in scope of consolidation

     (33,298  326,524    283,121  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (2,949,068  (2,647,997  (2,296,018
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

      

Proceeds from borrowings and bonds

     5,698,981    7,224,666    6,264,342  

Repayments of borrowings and bonds

     (5,575,825  (6,025,054  (5,224,186

Settlement of derivative assets and liabilities, net

     8,959    130,119    112,823  

Cash inflow from consolidated capital transaction

     1,205    83,855    72,709  

Cash outflow from consolidated capital transaction

     (300  (2,213  (1,919

Dividends paid to shareholders

     (486,393  (586,150  (508,237

Dividends paid to non-controlling interest

     (6,792  (9,050  (7,847

Decrease in finance leases liabilities

     (38,183  (47,701  (41,360
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     (398,348  768,472    666,325  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents

     (6,923  12,744    11,050  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net increase(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     (381,231  283,528    245,841  

Cash and cash equivalents

      

Beginning of the period

  6   1,542,872    1,161,641    1,007,232  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

End of the period

  6  (Won)1,161,641   (Won)1,445,169   $1,253,073  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won)

              (in thousands
of U.S dollars)
 
  Notes  2012  2013  2014  2014 
               (Unaudited) (Note 2) 

Profit(loss) for the year

    1,105,439   (87,745 (941,413 $(856,452

Other comprehensive income

       

Items not reclassifiable subsequently to profit or loss:

       

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability

  18   (130,492  56,583    (236,637  (215,281

Shares of remeasurement loss from jointly controlled entities and associates

     (1,131  (455  (394  (358

Items reclassifiable subsequently to profit or loss:

       

Changes in value of available-for-sale financial assets

  4, 8   23,952    49,778    39,336    35,786  

Other comprehensive income(loss) from available-for sale financial assets reclassified to income(loss)

     (4,865  6,554    (17,173  (15,623

Net gains(losses) on cashflow hedges

  4, 8   (129,290  (72,303  16,990    15,457  

Other comprehensive income(loss) from cashflow hedges reclassified to income(loss)

     154,867    67,607    (44,795  (40,753

Shares of other comprehensive income from jointly controlled entities and associates

     (8,730  2,896    3,902    3,550  

Currency translation differences

     (6,645  (2,053  3,526    3,208  
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income after income tax for the year

     (102,334  108,607    (235,245  (214,014
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive income for the year

    1,003,105   20,862   (1,176,658 $(1,070,466
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Comprehensive income for the year attributable to:

       

Equity holders of the Parent Company

     937,542    (109,539  (1,252,456  (1,139,424

Non-controlling interest

     65,563    130,401    75,798    68,958  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity

Years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

    Attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company       

(in millions of Korean won)

 Notes Capital
stock
  Share
premium
  Retained
earnings
  Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
income (loss)
  Other
Components
of equity
  Total  Non-controlling
interest
  Total
equity
 

Balance at January 1, 2012

  1,564,499   1,440,258   10,219,633   (22,865 (1,497,289 11,704,236   883,524   12,587,760  

Comprehensive income

         

Profit for the year

           1,046,127            1,046,127    59,312    1,105,439  

Changes in value of available-for-sale financial assets

 4              12,019        12,019    7,068    19,087  

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability

 18          (131,644          (131,644  1,152    (130,492

Valuation gains(losses) on cashflow hedge

 4              25,628        25,628    (51  25,577  

Shares of other comprehensive income of jointly controlled entities and associates

               (8,440      (8,440  (290  (8,730

Shares of remeasurement loss from jointly controlled entities and associates

           (1,131          (1,131      (1,131

Currency translation differences

               (5,017      (5,017  (1,628  (6,645

Transactions with equity holders

         

Dividends

           (486,602          (486,602  (11,455  (498,057

Disposal of treasury stock

                   13,353    13,353        13,353  

Changes in consolidation scope

                           133,767    133,767  

Change in ownership interest in subsidiaries

                   141,303    141,303    (163,404  (22,101

Others

                   (653  (653  801    148  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2012

  1,564,499   1,440,258   10,646,383   1,325   (1,343,286 12,309,179   908,796   13,217,975  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

    Attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company       

(in millions of Korean won)

 Notes Capital
stock
  Share
premium
  Retained
earnings
  Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
income (loss)
  Other
Components
of equity
  Total  Non-controlling
interest
  Total
equity
 

Balance at January 1, 2013

  1,564,499   1,440,258   10,646,383   1,325   (1,343,286 12,309,179   908,796   13,217,975  

Comprehensive income

         

Profit(loss) for the year

           (189,931          (189,931  102,186    (87,745

Changes in value of available-for-sale financial assets

 4, 8              32,098        32,098    24,234    56,332  

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability

 18          57,641            57,641    (1,058  56,583  

Valuation gains(losses) on cashflow hedge

 4, 8              (4,711      (4,711  15    (4,696

Shares of other comprehensive income of jointly controlled entities and associates

               2,570        2,570    326    2,896  

Shares of remeasurement gain(loss) from jointly controlled entities and associates

           (463          (463  7    (456

Currency translation differences

               (6,744      (6,744  4,691    (2,053

Transactions with equity holders

         

Dividends

           (487,445          (487,445  (23,830  (511,275

Appropriations of loss on disposal of treasury stock

           (6,796      6,796              

Changes in consolidation scope

                           9,452    9,452  

Change in ownership interest in subsidiaries

                   14,150    14,150    85,971    100,121  

Others

                   1,397    1,397    (1,115  282  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2013

  1,564,499   1,440,258   10,019,389   24,538   (1,320,943 11,727,741   1,109,675   12,837,416  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

    Attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company       

(in millions of Korean won)

 Notes Capital
stock
  Share
premium
  Retained
earnings
  Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
income (loss)
  Other
Components
of equity
  Total  Non-controlling
interest
  Total
equity
 

Balance at January 1, 2014

  1,564,499   1,440,258   10,019,389   24,538   (1,320,943 11,727,741   1,109,675   12,837,416  

Comprehensive income

         

Profit(loss) for the year

           (1,030,240          (1,030,240  88,827    (941,413

Changes in value of available-for-sale financial assets

 4, 8              20,889        20,889    1,274    22,163  

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability

 18          (223,157          (223,157  (13,480  (236,637

Valuation gains(losses) on cashflow hedge

 4, 8              (27,821      (27,821  16    (27,805

Shares of other comprehensive income of jointly controlled entities and associates

               3,726        3,726    176    3,902  

Shares of remeasurement loss from jointly controlled entities and associates

           (311          (311  (83  (394

Currency translation differences

               4,458        4,458    (932  3,526  

Transactions with equity holders

         

Dividends

           (195,112          (195,112  (27,683  (222,795

Appropriations of loss on disposal of treasury stock

           (2,170      2,170              

Changes in consolidation scope

                           198,260    198,260  

Change in ownership interest in subsidiaries

                   26,601    26,601    (6,372  20,229  

Disposal of treasury stock

                   34,148    34,148        34,148  

Rights issue

                           99,033    99,033  

Others

                   (2,685  (2,685  609    (2,076
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2014

  1,564,499   1,440,258   8,568,399   25,790   (1,260,709 10,338,237   1,449,320   11,787,557  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity (Continued)

Years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

    Attributable to equity holders of the Parent Company       

(in thousands of U.S dollars)
(Unaudited), (Note 2)

 Notes Capital
stock
  Share
premium
  Retained
earnings
  Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
income (loss)
  Other
Components
of equity
  Total  Non-controlling
interest
  Total
equity
 

Balance at January 1, 2014

  $1,423,307   $1,310,278   $9,115,165   $22,324   $(1,201,731 $10,669,343   $1,009,530   $11,678,873  

Comprehensive income

         

Profit(loss) for the year

           (937,263          (937,263  80,811    (856,452

Changes in value of available-for-sale financial assets

 4, 8              19,004        19,004    1,159    20,163  

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability

 18          (203,018          (203,018  (12,263  (215,281

Valuation gains(losses) on cashflow hedge

 4, 8              (25,311      (25,311  15    (25,296

Shares of other comprehensive income of jointly controlled entities and associates

               3,390        3,390    160    3,550  

Shares of remeasurement loss from jointly controlled entities and associates

           (282          (282  (76  (358

Currency translation differences

               4,056        4,056    (848  3,208  

Transactions with equity holders

         

Dividends

           (177,504          (177,504  (25,185  (202,689

Appropriations of loss on disposal of treasury stock

           (1,975      1,975              

Changes in consolidation scope

                           180,368    180,368  

Change in ownership interest in subsidiaries

                   24,200    24,200    (5,797  18,403  

Disposal of treasury stock

                   31,066    31,066        31,066  

Rights issue

                           90,096    90,096  

Others

                   (2,443  (2,443  553    (1,890
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2014

  $1,423,307   $1,310,278   $7,795,123   $23,463   $(1,146,933 $9,405,238   $1,318,523   $10,723,761  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

             (in thousands of
U.S dollars)
 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Notes 2012  2013  2014  2014 
             (Unaudited)
(Note 2)
 

Cash flows from operating activities

     

Cash generated from operations

 32 6,439,692   4,677,260   2,379,311   $2,164,584  

Interest paid

   (561,378  (546,802  (604,012  (549,501

Interest received

   208,640    194,065    192,563    175,185  

Dividends received

   17,742    24,641    32,106    29,209  

Income tax paid

   (379,211  (238,091  (83,555  (76,014
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash generated from operating activities

   5,725,485    4,111,073    1,916,413    1,743,463  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities

     

Collection of loans

   106,896    70,451    37,589    34,197  

Origination of loans

   (130,425  (31,279  (82,258  (74,834

Disposal of available-for-sale financial assets

   113,068    78,811    77,365    70,383  

Acquisition of available-for-sale financial assets

   (86,622  (127,052  (78,095  (71,047

Disposal of investments in jointly controlled entities and associates

   21,818    22,455    22,251    20,243  

Acquisition of investments in jointly controlled entities and associates

   (59,464  (16,338  (18,396  (16,736

Disposal of current and non-current financial instruments

   362,481    319,465    630,216    573,341  

Acquisition of current and non-current financial instruments

   (511,914  (588,893  (427,585  (388,997

Disposal of property, equipment and investment property

   618,786    100,469    77,644    70,637  

Acquisition of property and equipment and investment property

   (3,760,255  (3,088,185  (2,852,869  (2,595,405

Disposal of intangible assets

   7,061    18,336    9,438    8,586  

Acquisition of intangible assets

   (526,878  (549,967  (578,377  (526,180

Increase in cash due to exclusion from consolidation scope

   25,857    7,498    6,228    5,666  

Cash inflow(outflow) from changes in scope of consolidation

   (31,588  1,646    5,891    5,359  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

   (3,851,179  (3,782,583  (3,170,958  (2,884,787
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

     

Proceeds from borrowings and bonds

   4,258,995    6,199,601    10,037,067    9,131,247  

Repayments of borrowings and bonds

   (4,590,608  (5,956,340  (8,757,284  (7,966,961

Settlement of derivative assets and liabilities, net

   39,001    (67,413  (66,484  (60,486

Disposal of treasury stock

   11,369        34,053    30,980  

Cash inflow from consolidated capital transaction

   7,232    34,581    99,211    90,257  

Cash outflow from consolidated capital transaction

   (315,356  (4,107        

Dividends paid to shareholders

   (498,057  (511,275  (222,773  (202,668

Decrease in finance leases liabilities

   (190,380  (6,841  (52,099  (47,397
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash provided by(used in) financing activities

   (1,277,804  (311,794  1,071,691    974,972  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents

   (1,038  (3,440  648    590  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

   595,464    13,256    (182,206  (165,762

Cash and cash equivalents

     

Beginning of the year

 5  1,462,149    2,057,613    2,070,869    1,883,978  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

End of the year

 5 2,057,613   2,070,869   1,888,663   $1,718,216  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 20112014

1.    General Information

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of KT Corporation, which is the controlling company as defined under IAS 27,IFRS 10,Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements, and its 5165 controlled subsidiaries as described in Note 1.2 (collectively referred to as the “Company”).

The Controlling Company

KT Corporation (the “Controlling Company”) commenced operations on January 1, 1982, when it spun off from the Korea Communications Commission (formerly the Korean Ministry of Information and Communications) to provide telephone services and to engage in the development of advanced communications services under the Act of Telecommunications of Korea. The headquarters are located in Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do,Seongnam City, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, and the address of its registered head office is 206, Jungja-dong,90, Buljeong-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do.Seongnam City, Gyeonggi Province.

On October 1, 1997, upon the announcement of the Government-Investment Enterprises Management Basic Act and the Privatization Law, the Controlling Company became a government-funded institution under the Commercial Code of Korea.

On December 23, 1998, the Controlling Company’s shares were listed on the Korea Exchange.

On May 29, 1999, the Controlling Company issued 24,282,195 additional shares and issued American Depository Shares (ADS), representing new shares and government-owned shares, at the New York Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange. On July 2, 2001, the additional ADS representing 55,502,161 government-owned shares were issued at the New York Stock Exchange and London Stock Exchange.

In 2002, the Controlling Company acquired 60,294,575the entire government-owned shares in accordance with the Korean government’s privatization plan. As of December 31, 2011,the end of the reporting period, the Korean government does not own any share in the Controlling Company.

On June 1, 2009, the Controlling Company, which is an existing company, was merged with KT Freetel Co., Ltd., which was a subsidiary, to enhance the efficiency of business management.

Consolidated Subsidiaries

The consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2011,2013 and 2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  

Type of Business

  

Location

  Percentage of
ownership (%)  1
   Financial
year end
 

KT Powertel Co.,Ltd. 2

  Trunk radio system business  Domestic   44.8     12.31  

KT Networks Corporation

  Group telephone management  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

KT Linkus Co.,Ltd.

  Public telephone maintenance  Domestic   93.8     12.31  

KT Telecop Co.,Ltd.

  Security service  Domestic   88.1     12.31  

KT Hitel Co.,Ltd.

  Data communication  Domestic   65.9     12.31  

KT Commerce Inc.

  B2C, B2B service  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

KT Tech, Inc.

  PCS handset development  Domestic   93.8     12.31  

KT Capital Co.,Ltd.

  Financing service  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

KT New Business Fund No.1

  Investment fund  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

Gyeonggi-KT Green Growth Fund

  Venture investment of Green Growth Business  Domestic   56.5     12.31  

(in millions of Korean won)

     Controlling
percentage
ownership 1 (%)
  Financial
year end

Subsidiary

 

Type of Business

 Location 2013  2014  

KT Powertel Co., Ltd. 2

 Trunk radio system business Domestic  44.8    44.8   December 31

KT Linkus Co., Ltd.

 Public telephone maintenance Domestic  93.8    93.8   December 31

KT Submarine Co., Ltd. 2

 Submarine cable construction and maintenance Domestic  36.9    36.9   December 31

KT Telecop Co., Ltd.

 Security service Domestic  86.8    86.8   December 31

KT Hitel Co., Ltd.

 Data communication Domestic  63.7    63.7   December 31

KT Commerce Inc.

 B2C, B2B service Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT Capital Co., Ltd.

 Financing service Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT New Business Fund No.1

 Investment fund Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

Gyeonggi-KT Green Growth Fund

 Venture investment of Green Growth Business Domestic  56.5    56.5   December 31

(in millions of Korean won)

  

Type of Business

  

Location

  Percentage of
ownership (%)  1
   Financial
year end
 

KTC Media Contents Fund 1 3

  New technology investment fund  Domestic   1.8     4.30  

KTC Media Contents Fund 2

  New technology investment fund  Domestic   85.7     12.31  

KT Strategic Investment Fund No.1

  Investment fund  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

BC card co., Ltd. 4

  Credit card business  Domestic   38.9     12.31  

VP Inc.

  Payment security service for credit card and etc.  Domestic   50.9     12.31  

H&C Network 1

  Call centre for financial sectors  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

BC card China Co.,Ltd.

  Research and development of calculation system and software  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

U Payment Co., Ltd

  Transportation card issuance and operations  Domestic   99.1     12.31  

INITECH Co., Ltd.

  Internet banking ASP and security solutions  Domestic   57.0     12.31  

InitechSmartro Holdings Co., Ltd.

  Holdings company  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

Smartro Co.Ltd.

  VAN(Value Added Network) business  Domestic   74.5     12.31  

Pay N Mobile Co., Ltd.

  Wired and wireless communication resale  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

Sidus FNH Corporation

  Movie production  Domestic   51.0     12.31  

Nasmedia, Inc.

  Online advertisement  Domestic   51.4     12.31  

Sofnics, Inc.

  Software development and sales  Domestic   60.0     12.31  

KT Edui Co.,Ltd.

  Online education business  Domestic   54.5     12.31  

KTDS Co., Ltd.

  System integration and maintenance  Domestic   95.3     12.31  

KT M Hows Co.,Ltd.

  Mobile marketing  Domestic   51.0     12.31  

KT M&S Co.,Ltd.

  PCS distribution  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

KT Music Corporation 2

  

Online music production and distribution

  Domestic   48.7     12.31  

KT Innotz Inc.,

  

Software and solution related cloud computing

  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

KT Skylife Co., Ltd.

  

Satellite broadcasting business

  Domestic   50.3     12.31  

Korea HD Broadcasting Corp.

  

TV contents provider

  Domestic   92.6     12.31  

KT Estate Inc.

  

Residential Building Development and Supply

  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

KT AMC Co., Ltd.

  

Asset management and consulting services

  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

NEXR Co., Ltd.

  

Cloud system implementation

  Domestic   65.7     12.31  

KTSB Data service

  

Data centre development and related service

  Domestic   51.0     12.31  

KT Cloudware Corporation

  

Development of cloud computing operation

  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

KC smart service Co., Ltd.

  

U-City solution business

  Domestic   82.8     12.31  

Enswers Inc.

  

Video-clip searching service

  Domestic   56.3     12.31  

Revlix Inc.

  

Development of mobile SNS application

  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

Soompi Meidia, LLC

  

Domestic marketing for a website “soompi.com”

  Domestic   100.0     12.31  

Soompi USA, LLC

  

Operation service for “soompi.com”

  USA   100.0     12.31  

OIC Korea Co., Ltd.

  

Development and distribution of education contents and software

  Domestic   79.2     12.31  

Korea Telecom Japan Co., Ltd.

  

Foreign telecommunication business

  Japan   100.0     12.31  

Korea Telecom China Co., Ltd.

  

Foreign telecommunication business

  China   100.0     12.31  

KTSC Investment Management B.V

  

Management of Investment in Super

iMax and East Telecom

  Netherlands   60.0     12.31  

Super iMax

  

Wireless high speed internet business

  Uzbekistan   100.0     12.31  

East Telecom

  

Fixed line telecommunication business

  Uzbekistan   91.0     12.31  

Korea Telecom America, Inc.

  

Foreign telecommunication business

  USA   100.0     12.31  

PT. KT Indonesia

  

Foreign telecommunication business

  Indonesia   99.0     12.31  

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(in millions of Korean won)

     Controlling
percentage
ownership 1 (%)
  Financial
year end

Subsidiary

 

Type of Business

 Location 2013  2014  

KTC Media Contents Fund 2

 New technology investment fund Domestic  85.7    85.7   December 31

KT Strategic Investment Fund No.1

 Investment fund Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT Strategic Investment Fund No.2

 Investment fund Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

BC Card Co., Ltd.

 Credit card business Domestic  69.5    69.5   December 31

VP Inc.

 Payment security service for credit card and etc. Domestic  50.9    50.9   December 31

H&C Network

 Call centre for financial sectors Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

BC Card China Co., Ltd.

 Research and development of calculation system and software China  100.0    100.0   December 31

INITECH Co., Ltd.

 Internet banking ASP and security solutions Domestic  57.0    57.0   December 31

Smartro Co., Ltd.

 VAN (Value Added Network) business Domestic  81.1    81.1   December 31

Sofnics, Inc.

 Software development and sales Domestic  80.6    80.6   December 31

KTDS Co., Ltd.

 System integration and maintenance Domestic  95.3    95.3   December 31

KT M Hows Co., Ltd.

 Mobile marketing Domestic  51.0    51.0   December 31

KT M&S Co., Ltd.

 PCS distribution Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT Music Corporation 4

 Online music production and distribution Domestic  57.8    49.9   December 31

KT Skylife Co., Ltd. 2

 Satellite broadcasting business Domestic  50.1    49.9   December 31

SkylifeTV co., Ltd. (formerly Korea HD Broadcasting Corp.)

 TV contents provider Domestic  92.6    92.6   December 31

KT Estate Inc.

 Residential building development and supply Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT AMC Co., Ltd.

 Asset management and consulting services Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT NEXR CO., LTD. (formerly NEXR Co., Ltd.)

 Cloud system implementation Domestic  99.8    99.8   December 31

KTSB Data service

 Data centre development and related service Domestic  51.0    51.0   December 31

CENTIOS Co., Ltd.

 U-City solution business Domestic  82.8    82.8   December 31

Centios Philippines, Inc.

 Smart space business Philippines  100.0    100.0   December 31

Enswers Inc. 3

 Video-clip searching service Domestic  45.2    45.2   December 31

Ustream Korea Inc.

 Live video-streaming service business Domestic  51.0    51.0   December 31

Incheonucity Co., Ltd.

 U-City development and operation agent Domestic  51.4    51.4   December 31

KT Innoedu Co., Ltd. 3

 E-learning business Domestic  48.4    48.4   December 31

KT Rental

 Car rental and general rental business Domestic  58.0    58.0   December 31

KT Auto Lease Corporation

 Car rental business Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

Kumho Rent-a-car Co., Ltd.

 Car rental business Vietnam  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT Rental Auto Care Corporation

 Car rental business Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT Sat Co., Ltd.

 Satellite communication business Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT Media Hub Co. Ltd.

 Media contents development and distribution Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

Best Partners Co., Ltd.

 Outsourcing service for HR, administration, and accounting service Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

Nasmedia, Inc. 3

 Online advertisement Domestic  45.4    45.4   December 31

T-ON Telecom

 Trunk radio system business and data communication Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT Sports

 Management of sports group Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT Music Contents Fund No.1

 Music contents investment business Domestic  80.0    80.0   December 31

Consus-Changwon Private REIT

 Investment in real estate Domestic  93.6    93.6   December 31

KT-Michigan Global Content Fund

 Content investment business Domestic  81.3    81.3   December 31

Autopion Co., Ltd.

 Service for information and communication Domestic  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(in millions of Korean won)

     Controlling
percentage
ownership 1 (%)
  Financial
year end

Subsidiary

 

Type of Business

 Location 2013  2014  

GREEN CAR (formerly GREEN POINT)

 Car sharing business Domestic  52.3    52.3   December 31

K-REALTY CR-REIT 7

 Investment in real estate Domestic      100.0   December 31

ktcs Corporation 2

 Database and online information provider Domestic      30.3   December 31

ktis Corporation 2

 Database and online information provider Domestic      29.3   December 31

olleh Rwanda Networks Ltd.

 Network installation and management Rwanda  51.0    51.0   December 31

Africa Olleh Services Ltd.

 System integration and maintenance Rwanda      51.0   December 31

KT Belgium

 Foreign investment business Belgium  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT ORS Belgium

 Foreign investment business Belgium  100.0    100.0   December 31

Korea Telecom Japan Co., Ltd.

 Foreign telecommunication business Japan  100.0    100.0   December 31

KBTO sp.zo.o.,

 Electronic communication business Poland      60.0   December 31

Korea Telecom China Co., Ltd.

 Foreign telecommunication business China  100.0    100.0   December 31

KT Dutch B.V

 Super iMax and East Telecom management Netherlands  100.0    100.0   December 31

Super iMax LLC

 Wireless high speed internet business Uzbekistan  100.0    100.0   December 31

East Telecom LLC

 Fixed line telecommunication business Uzbekistan  91.0    91.0   December 31

Korea Telecom America, Inc.

 Foreign telecommunication business USA  100.0    100.0   December 31

PT. KT Indonesia

 Foreign telecommunication business Indonesia  99.0    99.0   December 31

 

1Sum of the ownership interests owned by the Controlling Company and subsidiaries.

 

2Even though the Controlling Company has less than 50% ownership in these subsidiaries, (KT Powertel Co.,Ltd.: 44.8%, KT Music Corporation: 48.7%), these entities are consolidated as the Company can exercise the majority voting rights in consideration of the dispersion of the non-controlling interests andits decision-making process at all times considering historical voting pattern at the shareholders’ meetings.

 

3Even though KT Capital Co.,Ltd , a subsidiary of the company, has less than 50% ownership in KTC Media Contents Fund 1 (1.8%), KTC Media Contents Fund 1 is consolidated in consideration that KT Capital Co.,Ltd is a general partner with unlimited liability and has power to govern operating policies based on the agreement.

4KT Capital Co.,Ltd., which is a subsidiary of the Controlling Company has less than 50% ownership in BC Card Co.,Ltd.(38.9%). However,these subsidiaries, these entities are consolidated as KT capital has the right to appointCompany holds the majority of the members of the board of directorsvoting right based on thean agreement with Vogo-BCC Investment Holdings Co., Ltd. (24.57%) and KGF-BCC LIMITED (6.11%). The Controllingother investors.

4Even though the Company has less than 50% ownership in this subsidiary, this entity is considered to have control of BC Card Co.,Ltd. and therefore BC Card Co.,Ltd is included inconsolidated as the scope of consolidation.Company holds the potential voting rights by a stock purchase agreement with other investors.

Changes in scope of consolidation in 20112014 are as follows:

 

Changes

  

Location

  

Subsidiaries

 

Reason

InclusionIncluded

  Domestic  KT Skylife Co.,Ltd. and its subsidiaries(Korea HD Broadcasting Corp.), NEXR Co.,Ltd., OIC Korea Co.,Ltd., Enswers Inc, Revlix Inc., Soompi Meidia, LLC, BC card co., Ltd., VP Inc., U Payment Co., Ltd., H&C Network, INITECH Co., Ltd., InitechSmartro Holdings Co., Ltd., Smartro Co.Ltd., Pay N Mobile Co., Ltd.ktcs Corporation Acquisition of ownership interest
    KT AMC Co.,Ltd., KTSB Dataservice, KT Cloudwarektis Corporation KC smart service Co.,Ltd.Newly incorporated
USASoompi USA, LLC Acquisition of ownership interest
  China  BC card China Co.,K-REALTY CR-REIT 6Newly incorporated
K-REALTY CR-REIT 7Newly incorporated
RwandaAfrica Olleh Services Ltd. Newly incorporated
PolandKBTO sp.zo.o.,Acquisition of ownership interest

ExclusionExcluded

RussiaNew Telephone Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries(Helios TV, Novaya Svyaz)Disposal of ownership interest 1
  Domestic  

KT Internal venture Fund NO.2ENGCORE Co., Ltd.

(formerly KT ENS corporation)

 LiquidationUnder receivership
K-REALTY CR-REIT 6Decrease in percentage of ownership due to unequal stock issuance
Sidus FNH CorporationDisposal of ownership interest
KT OIC Korea Co., Ltd.Disposal of ownership interest
KT Cloudware CorporationMerged
InitechSmartro Holdings Co., Ltd.Merged
K-REALTY CR-REIT 4Liquidated
K-REALTY CR-REIT 5Liquidated
USASoompi USA. LLCLiquidated

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

1As described in Note 38, the Company lost its control over New Telephone Company, Inc. due to the disposal of its interest in 2011. The profit of(Won)220,254million from this transaction is accounted for as profit from the discontinued operations.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

A summary of financial data of the major consolidated subsidiaries as of and for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010 
  Total
assets
   Total
liabilities
   Operating
revenue
   Net
income(loss)
 

KT Powertel Co.,Ltd.

  (Won)167,370    (Won)73,547    (Won)127,548    (Won)15,158  

KT Networks Corporation

   187,123     135,764     327,181     2,909  

KT Linkus Co.,Ltd.

   70,910     59,797     76,197     2,577  

KT Telecop Co.,Ltd.

   139,234     99,274     217,057     11,956  

KT Hitel Co.,Ltd. 1

   254,292     70,045     312,576     (4,824

KT Tech, Inc.

   129,176     157,707     189,137     (13,641

KT Capital Co.,Ltd. 1

   2,084,227     1,838,254     192,332     11,212  

Sidus FNH Corporation

   13,932     6,760     19,951     358  

Nasmedia, Inc.

   77,919     58,778     18,877     4,507  

Sofnics, Inc.

   1,071     135     609     (233

KT Edui Co.,Ltd.

   1,995     1,659     4,335     (2,577

KTDS Co., Ltd.

   148,685     115,791     356,160     10,760  

KT M Hows Co.,Ltd.

   15,939     8,804     37,638     603  

KT M&S Co.,Ltd.

   267,454     240,077     616,070     (17,261

KT Music Corporation

   32,885     10,352     43,332     530  

KT Innotz Inc.

   5,277     1,643     3,741     (1,343

KT Estate Inc.

   8,443     427     1,152     16  

KT Internal venture Fund No 2

   5,200     70          63  

Korea Telecom Japan Co., Ltd.

   13,627     9,154     14,632     51  

Korea Telecom China Co., Ltd.

   2,610     193     2,089     237  

New Telephone Company, Inc.

   220,209     18,610     129,248     30,962  

KTSC Investment Management B.V 1

   76,094     20,122     21,271     (471

Korea Telecom America, Inc.

   5,645     1,548     8,828     136  

PT. KT Indonesia

   70     1          (43
   2012 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Total assets   Total liabilities   Operating
revenue
   Net
income (loss)
 

KT Powertel Co., Ltd.

  175,862    55,613    124,936    12,527  

KT ENGCORE Co., Ltd. (formerly kt ens Corporation)

   258,430     201,076     500,555     4,644  

KT Linkus Co., Ltd.

   68,260     62,686     81,564     2,302  

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

   109,787     25,037     68,900     7,953  

KT Telecop Co., Ltd.

   180,870     130,719     296,180     2,642  

KT Hitel Co., Ltd. 1

   249,231     79,511     443,431     (8,902

KT Tech, Inc.

   13,190     42,562     175,861     2,731  

KT Capital Co., Ltd. 1

   5,058,883     4,519,485     3,348,952     98,353  

H&C Network 1

   244,031     119,086     199,143     8,713  

Sidus FNH Corporation

   9,534     1,921     2,066     209  

Nasmedia, Inc.

   90,675     47,053     23,463     6,445  

Sofnics, Inc.

   1,564     207     782     (279

KTDS Co., Ltd.

   171,546     115,994     570,703     17,155  

KT M Hows Co., Ltd.

   26,498     16,511     28,874     1,933  

KT M&S Co., Ltd.

   257,809     224,430     1,009,331     (78,241

KT Music Corporation1

   73,050     33,086     31,393     (2,124

KT Innotz Inc.

   3,012     344     2,609     (1,411

KT Skylife Co., Ltd. 1

   641,564     292,649     574,829     55,546  

KT Estate Inc. 1

   1,460,511     145,885     24,861     3,124  

NEXR Co., Ltd.

   2,305     1,964     2,651     (1,787

KTSB Dataservice

   32,733     265     439     (4,383

KT Cloudware Corporation

   21,345     2,321     3,878     (5,397

Centios Co., Ltd1

   32,848     9,259     171     (3,163

Enswers Inc. 1

   13,966     18,330     4,896     (3,010

KT OIC Korea Co., Ltd.

   3,968     406     325     (1,569

Ustream Korea Inc.

   3,171     858     321     (2,683

KT Innoedu Co., Ltd.2

   10,561     5,218     10,522     308  

KT Rental1,2

   1,694,021     1,426,484     368,228     11,072  

KT Media Hub Co., Ltd.2

   95,703     13,679     14,381     2,237  

KT Sat Co., Ltd.2

   417,886     16,269     10,310     1,739  

Best Partners Co., Ltd.2

   1,526     79     15     (57

Korea Telecom Japan Co., Ltd.

   8,284     3,955     14,458     (324

Korea Telecom China Co., Ltd.

   1,895     38     1,863     (675

KT Dutch B.V. 1

   47,277     14,748     12,086     (9,837

Korea Telecom America, Inc.

   5,850     1,904     13,392     (31

PT. KT Indonesia

   38               (6

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

   2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Total assets   Total liabilities   Operating
revenue
   Net
income(loss)
 

KT Powertel Co.,Ltd.

  (Won)167,075    (Won)59,061    (Won)126,759    (Won)14,569  

KT Networks Corporation

   212,867     161,864     375,773     389  

KT Linkus Co.,Ltd.

   67,419     64,081     78,198     (6,667

KT Telecop Co.,Ltd.

   156,479     106,836     261,172     7,075  

KT Hitel Co.,Ltd. 1

   249,730     69,376     468,489     (2,002

KT Tech, Inc.

   110,923     139,873     247,443     641  

KT Capital Co.,Ltd. 1

   4,454,475     4,043,072     1,011,342     25,195  

H&C Network 1

   197,726     81,351     45,013     1,124  

Sidus FNH Corporation

   9,838     5,824     7,227     (2,975

Nasmedia, Inc.

   92,384     53,744     21,718     6,004  

Sofnics, Inc.

   970     521     626     (481

KT Edui Co.,Ltd.

   1,119     1,589     3,997     (2,336

KTDS Co., Ltd.

   146,236     106,006     498,107     10,298  

KT M Hows Co.,Ltd.

   15,148     7,078     34,933     1,092  

KT M&S Co.,Ltd.

   249,280     226,651     917,410     (3,256

KT Music Corporation

   27,840     7,691     31,432     (2,385

KT Innotz Inc.

   5,520     1,727     3,829     (4,623

KT Skylife Co.,Ltd. 1

   550,443     258,231     485,225     26,649  

KT Estate Inc. 1

   33,382     3,175     7,838     1,337  

NEXR Co.,Ltd.

   3,887     1,726     3,737     756  

KTSB Dataservice

   58,755     21,904          (149

KT Cloudware Corporation

   916     81          (165

KC smart service Co.,Ltd.

   25,493     357          (377

Enswers Inc. 1

   16,543     18,185     797     (331

OIC Korea Co.,Ltd.

   5,201     68     30     (396

Korea Telecom Japan Co., Ltd.

   15,359     9,813     33,114     731  

Korea Telecom China Co.,Ltd.

   2,804     128     3,419     111  

KTSC Investment Management B.V 1

   65,587     18,458     17,470     (5,026

Korea Telecom America, Inc.

   6,368     2,069     11,134     149  

PT. KT Indonesia

   52     1          (8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Total assets   Total liabilities   Operating
revenue
   Net
income (loss)
 

KT Powertel Co., Ltd.

  167,131    44,012    112,905    5,453  

KT ENGCORE Co., Ltd. (formerly KT ENS corporation)

   291,636     225,285     587,438     11,133  

KT Linkus Co., Ltd.

   70,562     62,993     103,003     1,920  

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

   115,781     27,449     83,006     6,146  

KT Telecop Co., Ltd.

   192,126     138,357     239,166     3,840  

KT Hitel Co., Ltd. 1

   293,665     102,644     582,925     3,551  

KT Capital Co., Ltd. 1

   5,462,028     4,759,100     3,317,337     129,354  

H&C Network 1

   257,390��    110,126     225,402     18,870  

Sidus FNH Corporation

   9,481     2,549     5,729     (387

Nasmedia, Inc.

   97,140     40,943     24,769     5,615  

Sofnics, Inc.

   1,431     267     881     (178

KTDS Co., Ltd.

   189,983     125,172     574,792     18,245  

KT M Hows Co., Ltd.

   25,845     14,341     48,047     1,739  

KT M&S Co., Ltd.

   281,011     223,089     884,125     22,614  

KT Music Corporation 1

   82,997     48,289     51,350     (5,088

KT Skylife Co., Ltd. 1

   684,651     283,068     630,469     72,724  

KT Estate Inc. 1

   1,434,685     109,634     253,367     22,692  

NEXR Co., Ltd.

   2,814     4,451     4,540     (1,965

KTSB Dataservice

   28,001     321     1,447     (4,802

KT Cloudware Corporation

   15,995     1,128     4,682     (2,913

Centios Co., Ltd 1

   27,873     9,793     1,060     (5,097

Enswers Inc. 1

   8,722     20,148     5,922     (4,990

KT OIC Korea Co., Ltd.

   3,626     512     2,039     (448

Ustream Korea Inc.

   2,677     1,050     2,831     (2,363

KT Innoedu Co., Ltd.

   12,618     8,450     21,578     (1,020

KT Rental 1

   2,188,271     1,896,259     886,959     32,400  

KT Media Hub Co., Ltd.

   184,702     81,578     304,713     21,146  

KT Sat Co., Ltd.

   492,965     35,237     169,463     56,859  

Best Partners Co., Ltd.

   882     116     265     (681

T-ON Telecom 2

   3,347     2,298     1,152     (2,358

KT Sports 2

   15,672     6,750     21,794     (970

KT Music Contents Fund No.1 2

   10,529     185     72     (157

KT-Michigan Global Content Fund 2

   6,227          26     (173

Autopion co., ltd. 2

   5,314     3,314            

Korea Telecom Japan Co., Ltd.

   17,752     14,204     22,154     30  

Korea Telecom China Co., Ltd.

   1,178     367     1,338     (1,108

KT Dutch B.V. 1

   46,347     14,684     22,077     (4,131

Korea Telecom America, Inc.

   5,773     1,825     13,881     32  

PT. KT Indonesia

   30               1  

olleh Rwanda Networks Ltd. 2

   226,776     217,132          (943

KT Belgium 2

   38,033               (11

KT ORS Belgium 2

   95                 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Total assets   Total liabilities   Operating
revenue
   Net
income (loss)
 

KT Powertel Co., Ltd.

  157,330    29,996    105,250    5,368  

KT Linkus Co., Ltd.

   70,718     64,043     106,642     1,076  

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

   111,877     16,188     77,292     9,018  

KT Telecop Co., Ltd.

   305,988     161,188     258,692     (6,576

KT Hitel Co., Ltd. 1

   226,994     31,429     494,455     12,205  

KT Capital Co., Ltd. 1

   2,038,263     1,759,641     186,114     69,491  

BC Card Co., Ltd. 1

   2,700,388     1,794,923     3,297,308     134,450  

H&C Network 1

   223,896     69,537     217,256     8,506  

Nasmedia, Inc.

   97,502     34,933     29,865     7,956  

Sofnics, Inc.

   213     48     349     (1,029

KTDS Co., Ltd 1.

   92,676     58,486     354,094     (11,394

KT M Hows Co., Ltd.

   22,846     17,446     23,683     (5,626

KT M&S Co., Ltd.

   281,787     221,227     885,456     6,391  

KT Music Corporation

   83,386     27,069     86,449     3,240  

KT Skylife Co., Ltd. 1

   683,009     246,326     656,430     55,162  

KT Estate Inc. 1

   1,496,815     169,788     247,256     11,212  

KTSB Dataservice

   25,094     1,384     2,457     (3,960

Centios Co., Ltd 1

   40,503     26,464     21,954     (4,012

Enswers Inc.

   7,260     23,244     4,644     (4,533

Ustream Korea Inc.

   635     246     1,818     (1,313

KT Innoedu Co., Ltd.

   8,761     11,913     21,010     (7,291

KT Rental 1

   2,656,385     2,317,650     1,074,569     51,388  

KT Media Hub Co., Ltd.

   172,621     76,995     335,451     14,054  

KT Sat Co., Ltd.

   480,689     45,540     139,865     30,016  

Best Partners Co., Ltd.

   113     100     346     (753

T-ON Telecom

   2,543     1,903     469     (1,802

KT Sports

   15,753     8,220     42,320     (1,305

KT Music Contents Fund No.1

   10,573     304     230     (74

KT-Michigan Global Content Fund

   5,610          29     (617

Autopion Co., Ltd.

   5,791     3,194     9,892     662  

ktcs Corporation 1,2

   303,574     155,603     234,852     4,704  

ktis Corporation 2

   215,741     68,046     83,850     (539

Korea Telecom Japan Co., Ltd.

   16,551     21,279     34,717     (22,769

Korea Telecom China Co., Ltd.

   1,011     213     1,532     (25

KT Dutch B.V. 1

   42,951     10,332     26,148     30  

Korea Telecom America, Inc.

   5,627     1,295     6,318     211  

PT. KT Indonesia

   32               1  

olleh Rwanda Networks Ltd.

   201,130     105,095     3,809     (18,984

KT Belgium

   72,405     14          (192

KT ORS Belgium

   1,932     6          (82

KBTO sp.zo.o., 2

   3     33          (32

Africa Olleh Services Ltd. 2

   9,870     255     4,773     (1,772

 

1These companies are the intermediate parent companies of other subsidiaries and the above financial information is from their consolidated financial statements.

2These entities were newly consolidated for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Only operating revenues and net income subsequent to the inclusion of consolidation scope are disclosed above.

2.    Significant Accounting Policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of its financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the periods presented, unless otherwise stated.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

2.1    Basis of Preparation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company determined to adopthave been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) for the annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2011.

The Company’s IFRS transition date from accounting principles generally accepted in the Republic of Korea (“Korean GAAP”) to IFRS according to IFRS 1,First-time Adoption of IFRS, is January 1, 2010, and reconciliations and descriptions of the effect of the transition from Korean GAAP to IFRS on the Company’s assets, liabilities, equity, and comprehensive income are provided in Note 4..

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgment in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment andor complexity, or the areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to thesethe consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 3.

2.2    Changes in Accounting Policy and Disclosures

(1) New standards and amendments adopted by the Company

The Company newly applied the following enacted and amended standards for the annual period beginning on January 1, 2014.

—Amendment to IAS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation

Amendment to IAS 32, Financial Instruments: Presentation, provides that the right to offset must not be contingent on a future event and must be legally enforceable in all of circumstances; and if an entity can settle amounts in a manner such that outcome is, in effect, equivalent to net settlement, the entity will meet the net settlement criterion. The adoption of this amendment does not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

—Amendment to IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement

Amendment to IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, allows the continuation of hedge accounting for a derivative that has been designated as a hedging instrument in a circumstance in which that derivative is novated to a central counterparty (CCP) as a consequence of laws or regulations. The adoption of this amendment does not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

—Enactment of IFRIC interpretations 2121, Levies

IFRIC interpretations 2121, Levies, are applied to a liability to pay a levy imposed by a government in accordance with the legislation. The interpretation requires that the liability to pay a levy is recognized when the activity that triggers the payment of the levy occurs, as identified by the legislation. The adoption of this enactment does not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

—Amendment to IFRS 2, Share-based payment

IFRS 2,Share-based payment, clarifies the definition of ‘vesting conditions’ such as ‘performance condition’, ‘service condition’ and others. This amendment is applied to share-based payment transactions for which the grant date is on or after July 1, 2014. The application of this amendment does not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

—Amendment to IAS 36, Impairment of Assets

Amendment to IAS 36,Impairment of Assets, removed certain disclosures of the recoverable amount of cash-generating units which had been included in this amendment by the issuance of IFRS 13.

Other standards, amendments and interpretations which are effective for the annual period beginning on January 1, 2014, do not have a material impact on the separate financial statements of the Company.

(2) New standards, amendments and interpretations not yet adopted

—Enactment of IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ requires that an entity recognizes revenue by sequentially judging the steps of ‘Identify the contract(s) with a customer’, ‘Identify the performance obligations in the contract’, ‘Determine the transaction price’, ‘Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract’, ‘Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation’. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of application of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company is assessing the impact of application of new standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not effective for the financial year beginning January 1, 2011,2014, and not early adopted are as follows.by the Company.

—Amendments to IFRS 1, Hyperinflation and Removal of Fixed Dates for first-time adopters

As an exception to retrospective application requirements, this amendment to IFRS 1 allows a prospective application of derecognition of financial assets for transactions occurring on or after the date of transition to IFRS, instead of fixed date (January 1, 2004). Accordingly, the Company is not required to restate and recognize those assets or liabilities that were derecognized as a result of a transaction that occurred before the dated of transition to IFRS. This amendment will be effective for the Company from annual periods beginning on or after July 1, 2011. The Controlling Company expects that the application of this amendment would not have material impact on its consolidated financial statements

—Amendments to IAS 12, Income Taxes2.3    Consolidation

According to the amendments to IAS 12,Income Taxes, for the investment property that is measured using the fair value model, the measurement of deferred tax liability and deferred tax asset should reflect the tax consequences of recovering the carrying amount of the investment property entirely through sale, unless evidences support otherwise. This amendment will be effective for the Company as of January 1, 2012. The Controlling Company expects that the application of this amendment would not have material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

—Amendments to IAS 19, Employee Benefits

According to the amendments to IAS 19,Employee Benefits, use of a ‘corridor’ approach is no longer permitted, and therefore all actuarial gains and losses incurred are immediately recognized in other comprehensive income. All past service costs incurred from changes in pension plan are immediately recognized, and expected returns on interest costs and plan assets that used to be separately calculated are now changed to calculating net interest expense (income) by applying discount rate used in measuring defined benefit obligation in net defined benefit liabilities (assets). This amendment will be effective for the Company as of January 1, 2013, and The Controlling Company is assessing the impact of application of the amended IAS 19 on its consolidated financial statements as of the report date.

—Amendments to IFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosures

According to the amendment, an entity should provide the required disclosures of nature, carrying amount, risk and rewards associated with all transferred financial instruments that are not derecognized from an entity’s financial statements. In addition, an entity is required to disclose additional information related to transferred and derecognized financial instruments for any continuing involvement in transferred assets. This amendment will be effective for the Company from annual periods beginning on or after July 1, 2011. The Company expects additional disclosures in relation to transfer of financial instruments upon application of the above amended IFRS requirement.

—Additions to IFRS 9, Financial instruments

IFRS 9 requires financial assets to be classified into two measurement categories: those measured as at fair value and those measured at amortized cost. The determination is made at initial recognition. The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing its financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument. For financial liabilities, the standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change is that, in cases where the fair

value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity’s own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the income statement, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. The Controlling Company is yet to assess IFRS 9’s full impact and intends to adopt IFRS 9 no later than the accounting period beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

—IFRS 10, Consolidated Financial Statements

IFRS 10, Consolidated financial statements’ builds on existing principles by identifying the concept of control as the determining factor in whether an entity should be included withinhas prepared the consolidated financial statements of the parent company. The standard provides additional guidance to assist in the determination of control where this is difficult to assess. The Controlling Company is yet to assess IFRS 10’s full impact and intends to adopt IFRS 10 no later than the accounting period beginning on or after January 1, 2013

—IFRS 11, Joint arrangements

IFRS 11 is a more realistic reflection of joint arrangements by focusing on the rights and obligations of the arrangement rather than its legal form. There are two types of joint arrangement: joint operations and joint ventures. Joint operations arise where a joint operator has rights to the assets and obligations relating to the arrangement and hence accounts for its interest in assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Joint ventures arise where the joint operator has rights to the net assets of the arrangement and hence equity accounts for its interest. Proportional consolidation of joint ventures is no longer allowed. The Controlling Company expects that it would not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

—IFRS 12, Disclosures of interests in other entities

IFRS 12 includes the disclosure requirements for all forms of interests in other entities, including joint arrangements, associates, special purpose vehicles and other off balance sheet vehicles. The company is yet to assess IFRS 12’s full impact and intends to adopt IFRS 12 no later than the accounting period beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

—Enactment of IFRS 13, Fair value measurement

IFRS 13,Fair value measurement, aims to improve consistency and reduce complexity by providing a precise definition of fair value and a single source of fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for use across IFRS. IFRS 1 does not extend the use of fair value accounting but provides guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within IFRSs. This amendment will be effective for the Company as of January 1, 2013, and the Controlling Company expects that it would not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

2.2    Consolidation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IAS 27,IFRS 10,Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements.Statements.

(1) Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are all entities (including special purpose entities) over which the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, generally which have more than half of the voting rights.control. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing

whether the Company controls another entity. The company also assesses existencethe corresponding investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Consolidation of control where it does not have more than 50% of the voting power but is able to govern the financial and operating policies by virtue of de-facto control. De-facto control may arise in circumstances where the size of the Company’s voting rights relative to the size and dispersion of holdings of other shareholders give the company the power to govern the financial and operating policies and others.

Subsidiaries are fully consolidateda subsidiary begins from the date on whichthe Company obtains control is transferred toof a subsidiary and ceases when the Company. Subsidiaries are de-consolidated fromCompany loses control of the date that control ceases.subsidiary.

The Company usesapplies the acquisition method to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of subsidiary is measured at the fair valuevalues of the assets transferred, equity interests issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of acquisition. The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any assets or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Identifiableidentifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are initially measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. The Company measuresrecognizes any non-controlling interestsinterest in the acquiree on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis in the event of liquidation, either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests’interest’s proportionate share inof the recognized amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets in the event of liquidation. Otherassets. All other non-controlling interests are measured at thetheir acquisition-date fair valuevalues, unless otherwiseanother measurement basis is required by other standards.

IFRSs. Acquisition-related costs are expenseexpensed as incurred. If a business combination is achieved in stages, the acquirer’s previously held ownership of the acquire is re-measured at the fair value at the acquisition date

KT Corporation and the resulting gain or lossSubsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Goodwill is recognized as the profit and loss.

Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the Company is recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes to the fair valueexcess of the contingent consideration that is deemed to be an asset or liability is recognized in accordance with IAS 39, either in profit or loss or as a change to other comprehensive income. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured, and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity.

The excessaggregate of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, and the acquisition-date fair value of any previousthe acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the Company’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.acquired. If this consideration is lesslower than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, in case of a bargain purchase, the difference is recognized directly in the statementprofit or loss.

Balances of income.

Intercompany transactions, balancesreceivables and payables, income and expenses and unrealized gains and losses on transactions between consolidated companiesthe Company’s subsidiaries are eliminated after considering impairment of the asset transferred. Unrealized gains and losses are eliminated after recognizing impairment of transferred assets, accountingeliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Company.

(2) Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries without change of control

TransactionsIn transactions with non-controlling interests, thatwhich do not result in loss of control, are accounted for asthe Company recognizes directly in equity transactions; that is, as transactions with the owners in their capacity as owners. Theany difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of anythe consideration paid or received, and attribute it to the relevant share acquiredowners of the carrying value of net assets of the subsidiary is recorded in equity. Gains or losses on disposals to non-controlling interests are also recorded in equity.parent.

(3) Disposal of subsidiaries

WhenIf the Company ceases to haveloses control of a subsidiary, any investment continuously retained interest in the entitysubsidiary is re-measured toat its fair value at the date when control is lost with the change in carrying amountand any resulting differences are recognized in profit or loss. The fair value is the initial carrying amount for the purposes of subsequently accounting for the retained interest as an associate, joint venture or financial asset. In addition, any amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for as if the Company had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. This may mean that amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss.

(4) Associates

Associates are all entities over which the Company has significant influence, but not control, generally holding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investmentsinvestments in associates are accounted for using the equity method and are initially recognized at cost. The Company’s investment in associates includes goodwill identified on acquisition net of any accumulated impairment loss.

Ifcost using the ownership interest in an associate is reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate.

The Company’s share of its associates’ post-acquisition profits or losses is recognized in the statement of income, and its share of post-acquisition movements in other reserves is recognized in reserves. The cumulative post-acquisition movements are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment. When the Company’s share of losses of an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any unsecured receivables, the Company does not recognize further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.

The Company should assess at the end of each reporting period whether there is any objective evidence that an investment in associates is impaired. If any such evidence exists, the Company should recognize difference between recoverable amount and carrying amount of the associates as impairment loss.

equity method. Unrealized gains on transactions between the Company and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Company’s interest in the associates. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unlessIf there is any objective evidence that the transaction provides evidence of an impairmentinvestment in the associate is impaired, the Company recognizes the difference between the recoverable amount of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associates have been changed, where necessary, to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Company. Dilution gainsassociate and losses arising from investments in associates are recognized in the statement of income.its book value as impairment loss.

(5) Jointly controlled entitiesJoint arrangement

A joint venture is a contractual arrangement wherebyof which two or more parties (venturers) undertake an economic activityhave joint control is classified as either a joint operation or a joint venture. A joint operator has rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the joint operation and recognizes the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses relating to its interest in a joint operation. A joint venturer has rights to the net assets relating to the joint venture and accounts for that is subject to joint control. As with associates, investments in jointly controlled entities are accounted forinvestment using the equity method and are initially recognized at cost. The Company’s investment in jointly controlled entities includes goodwill identified on acquisition, net of any accumulated impairment loss. The Company does not recognize its share of profits or losses from the joint venture that result from the Company’s purchase of assets from the joint venture until it re-sells the assets to an independent party. However, a loss on the transaction is recognized immediately if the loss provides evidence of a reduction in the net realizable value of current assets, or an impairment loss.

method.

2.32.4    Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker (Note 34)33). The chief operating decision-maker is responsible for making strategic decisions on resource allocation and performance assessment of the operating segments.

2.4KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

2.5    Foreign Currency Translation

(1) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of each of the consolidated companiesCompany’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the each entity operates (“the functional currency”(the “functional currency’). The consolidated financial statements are presented in ‘Korean won’,Korean won, which is the Controlling Company’s functional and presentation currency.

(2) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the statement of income, except when deferred in other comprehensive incomeprofit or loss.

Exchange differences arising on non-monetary financial assets and liabilities such as qualifying cash flow hedges.

Changes in theequity instruments at fair value of monetary securities denominated in foreign currency classified asthrough profit or loss and available-for-sale are analyzed between translation differences resulting from changes in the amortized cost of the security and other changes in the carrying amount of the security. Translation differences related to changes in amortized costequity instruments are recognized in profit or loss and other changes in carrying amount are recognizedincluded in other comprehensive income.

Foreign currency translation differences on non-monetary financial assets and liabilities are recognizedincome, respectively, as a part of the fair value gain or loss. Translation differences on equity instruments classified as available-for-sale are included in other comprehensive income, while translation differences on equity instruments classified as financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are included in the statement of income.

(3) Overseas subsidiariesTranslation into presentation currency

TheDifferent functional currency of all overseas subsidiaries is the local currency of the countries where the subsidiaries are located. The results and financial position of all consolidated companies whose functional currency is different from the presentation currencycurrencies are translated into the presentation currency as follows:using the following procedures.

 

Assets and liabilities are translated at the closing rate at the enddate of the reporting period;that statement of financial position

 

Income and expenses are translated at an average rate for the period. However, if exchange rates fluctuate significantly, the actualperiod

Equity at historical rate at the date of the transaction is used; and

 

All resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income.income

When the Controlling Company ceases to have control, exchange differences that were recorded in equity are recognized in profit and loss on disposal of the investment.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising from the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity. These are presented in functional currency of the foreign entity, and translated at the closing rate.

2.52.6    Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with banks, and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months.

2.6    Trade Receivables

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for merchandise sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. If collection is expected in one year or less, they are classified as current assets. Where, otherwise, they are presented as non-current assets.

Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value, less allowance for doubtful accounts. Non-current trade receivables are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

2.7    Financial Assets

(1) Classification and measurement

The Company classifies its financial instrumentsassets in the following categories: financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and receivables, available-for-sale financial assets, held-to-maturity investments and financial liabilities measured at amortized cost. Management determines the classification of financial instruments at initial recognition.

1) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, areavailable-for-sale financial instruments held for trading. Financial assets, are classified in this category if acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of selling or repurchase in the short term. Derivatives that are not subject to hedge accounting are also categorized in this category.

2) Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the end of the reporting period, which are classified as non-current assets. The Company’s loans and receivables, are classified as ‘cash and cash equivalents’, ‘trade and other receivables’, ‘loans receivable’, ‘finance lease receivables’ and ‘other financial assets’ in the financial statements.

3) Available-for-sale financial assets

Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or not classified in any of the other categories. They are included in non-current assets unless the investment matures or management intends to dispose of it within 12 months from the end of the reporting period. The available-for-sale financial assets of the Company are classified to the ‘other financial assets’ in the financial statements.

4) Held-to-maturity investments

Held-to-maturity financial assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturities that the Company’s management has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity and are categorized in ‘other financial assets’ in the financial statements. If the Company were to sell other than an insignificant amount of held-to-maturity financial assets, the whole category would be tainted and reclassified as available-for-sale financial assets. Held-to-maturity financial assets are included in non-current assets, except for those with maturities of less than 12 months from the end of the reporting period which are classified as current assets.

(2) Recognition and Measurement

Regular purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on thetrade date.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

A regular way purchase of financial assets shall be recognized as applicable, using trade date (the date on which the Company commits to purchase or sell the assets). Investmentsaccounting. At initial recognition, financial assets are initially recognizedmeasured at fair value plus, transaction costs for allin the case of financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss. Financialloss, transaction costs. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognized at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the statement of income. Financial assets are derecognized whenAfter the rights to receive cash flows from the investments have expired or have been transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. Available-for-saleinitial recognition, available-for-sale financial assets and financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently carried at fair value. Loans and receivables, and held-to-maturity investments are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

Gains or losses arising from changesChanges in the fair value of the financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are presented in the statement of income within ‘financial income and expenses’ in the period in which they arise. The Company recognizes a dividend income from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss in the statement of income when the Company’s right to receive payments is established.

Investments in equity instruments that do not have a quoted market price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured are recognized at cost. Other than these investments, all available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value.

Changes in theprofit or loss and changes in fair value of monetary and non-monetary securities classified as available-for-sale financial assets are recognized in other comprehensive income. Generally, when securities classified asWhen the available-for-sale financial assets are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments recognizedrecorded in equity are reported in the statement of income as ‘gains (losses) from investment securities’.

Interest on available-for-sale financial assets calculated using the effective interest method is recognized in the statement of income as part of ‘financial income’. Dividends on available-for-sale equity instruments are recognized in the statement of income as part of ‘financial income’ when the Company’s right to receive payments is established. However, in case a subsidiary is engaged in the financial industry, the realized accumulated fair value adjustment, interest and dividends on available-for-sale are recognized as ‘operating income and expense’ in the statement of income.reclassified into profit or loss.

(3) Offsetting Financial Instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated statement of financial position when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(4) Derecognition of Financial Assets

Financial assets are derecognized when the contractual rights to receive cash flows from the investments have expired or have been transferred and the Company has substantially transferred all risks and rewards of ownership. If the risk and rewards of ownership of transferred assets have not been substantially transferred, the Company reviews the level of control retained over that asset and the extent of its continuing involvement to determine if transfers do not qualify for derecognition.

Collaterals (trade receivables and other) provided in transactions of discount and factoring of trade receivables do not meet the requirements for asset derecognition if risks and rewards do not substantially transfer in the event the debtor defaults. Financial liabilities recognized in relation to these transactions are included as borrowings in the Company’s statement of financial position.

2.8(2) Impairment of Financial Assets

(1) Assets carried at amortized cost

The Company assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or a group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated.

Impairment of loans and receivables is presented as a deduction in an allowance account. Impairment of other financial assets is directly deducted from their carrying amount. The Company writes off financial assets when the assets are determined to be no longer recoverable.

The criteria that the Company uses to determine that there is objective evidence of an impairment loss include:

 

Significant financial difficulty of the issuer or obligor;

 

A breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;

 

The Company, forFor economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, granting to the borrower a concession that the lender would not otherwise consider;

 

It becomes probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization;

 

The disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties; or

 

Observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows from a portfolio of financial assets since the initial recognition of those assets, although the decrease cannot yet be identified with the individual financial assets in the portfolio, including:portfolio.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Adverse changesNotes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(3) Derecognition

If the Company transfers a financial asset and the transfer does not result in derecognition because the Company has retained substantially of all risks and rewards of ownership of the transferred asset due to a recourse in the payment status of borrowersevent the debtor defaults, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset in its entirety and recognizes a financial liability for the portfolio;

National or local economic conditions that correlate with defaults on the assets in the portfolio.

consideration received. The amount of the lossrelated financial liability is measuredclassified as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the

asset is reduced and the amount of the loss is recognized‘borrowings’ in the statement of income.financial position.

(4) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the statements of financial position where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the assets and settle the liability simultaneously. The Company may measure impairmentlegally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the financial instruments onCompany or the basis of an instrument’s fair value using an observable market price.

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized (such as an improvement in the debtor’s credit rating), the reversal of the previously recognized impairment loss is recognized in the statement of income.counterparty.

(2) Assets classified as available-for-sale

The Company assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. For debt securities, the Company uses the criteria referred to (1) above. In the case of equity investments classified as available-for-sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is also evidence that the asset is impaired. If any such evidence exists for available-for-sale financial assets, the cumulative loss—measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognized in profit or loss—is removed from equity and recognized in the statement of income. Impairment losses recognized in the statement of income on equity instruments are not reversed through the statement of income. The fair value of a debt instrument classified as available-for-sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss, the impairment loss is reversed through the statement of income.

2.92.8    Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value on the date when a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. The method of recognizing the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. The Company designates certain derivatives as either:

Hedges ofChanges in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or a firm commitment (fair value hedge); or

Hedges of a particular risk associated with a recognized asset or liability on a highly probable forecast transaction (cash flow hedge)

The Company documents at the inception of the transaction, the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The Company also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are usednot qualified for hedge accounting are recognized in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes onthe statement of income within ‘operating income (expenses)’ and ‘finance income (expenses)’ according to the nature of transactions.

If the Company uses a valuation technique that incorporates data not obtained from observable markets for the fair values or cash flowsvalue at initial recognition of hedged items.

The fair values of various derivative instruments used for hedging purposesthe financial instrument, there may be a difference between the transaction price and movements on the hedging reserve in shareholders’ equity are shown in Note 9. The fullamount determined using that valuation technique (Day 1 profit and loss). In these circumstances, the fair value of a hedging derivativethe financial instrument is classifiedrecognized as a non-current asset or liability whenthe transaction price and the difference is amortized by using the straight-line method over the life of the financial instrument. If the fair value of the financial instrument is subsequently determined using observable market inputs, the remaining hedged itemdeferred amount is more than 12 months,recognized in profit or loss in the statement of income.

The Company applies cash flow hedge accounting to hedge the risks of foreign exchange and as a current asset or liability when the remaining maturityinterest rates of the hedged item is less than 12 months. Trading derivatives are classified as a current asset or liability.

(1) Fair value hedge.

Changesvariable rate foreign currency bonds. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair valuecash flow hedges are recordedis recognized in other comprehensive income. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately as finance income (expenses) in the income statement together with anyof income. Amounts of changes in the fair value of effective hedging instruments accumulated in other comprehensive income are recognized as ‘finance income (expenses)’ for the hedged assetperiods when the corresponding transactions affect profit or liabilityloss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that are attributable to the hedged risk.is reported in other comprehensive income is recognized as ‘finance income (expenses)’.

If the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item for which the effective interest method is used is amortized to profit or loss over the period to maturity.

(2) Cash flow hedgeKT Corporation and Subsidiaries

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designatedNotes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and qualify as cash flow hedges is hedges is recognized in other comprehensive income. The gain of loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately as financial income (costs) in the statement of income.2014

Amounts accumulated in equity are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods when the hedged item affects profit or loss (for example, when the forecast sale that is hedged takes place). The gain or loss relating to the effective portion of interest rate swaps hedging variable rate foreign borrowings is recognized in other comprehensive income. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized as financial income in the statement of income.

When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in the income statement. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in equity is immediately transferred to profits or losses in the statement of income.

2.102.9    Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted-average method, except for inventories in-transit which is determined using the specific identification method. Net realizable

2.10    Non-current Assets (or Disposal Group) Held-for-sale

Non-current assets (or disposal group) are classified as assets held-for-sale when their carrying amount is to be recovered principally through a sale transaction and a sale is considered highly probable. The assets are measured at the lower amount between their carrying amount and the fair value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less applicable selling expenses.costs to sell.

2.11    Property and Equipment

All propertyProperty and equipment are stated at historicalits cost less depreciation.accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditureexpenditures that is directly attributedattributable to the acquisition of the items. However, in accordance with IFRS 1,First-time Adoption of IFRS, the Company measured certain buildings and telecommunications equipment at fair value at the date of transition to IFRS and the fair value is used as their deemed cost at that date.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of income during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Land is not depreciated. Depreciation on other assets is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate the difference between their cost and their residual values over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

 

   

Estimated Useful Lives

Buildings

  5 – 40 years

Structures

  5 – 40 years

Machinery and equipment

  3 – 40 years

(Telecommunications equipment and others)

Others

  

Vehicles

  4 – 6 years

Tools

  4 – 6 years

Office equipment

  4 – 6 years

The assets’depreciation method, residual values and useful lives of property and equipment are reviewed and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amountperiod and, if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognizedappropriate, accounted for as operating revenue or expenseschanges in the statement of income.accounting estimates.

2.12    Investment Property

Investment property isProperty held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both.both is classified as investment property. Investment property is measured initially at its cost including transaction costs incurred in acquiring the asset.cost. After recognition as an asset, investment property is carried at its cost less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of income during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Land held for investment is not depreciated. Investment property, except for land, is depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

The depreciation method, the residual value and the useful life of an asset are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period and, if management judges that previous estimates should be adjusted, the change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

Gains or losses arisinglives from the disposal of investment property shall be determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and shall be recognized in the operating revenue and expenses in the income statement.10 to 40 years.

2.13    Intangible Assets

(1) Goodwill

Goodwill is measured as explained in Note 2.22.3 (1) and goodwill arising from acquisition of subsidiaries and business are included in intangible assets. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. The calculation of the gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to each of the acquirer’s cash-generating units, or groups of cash-generating units (“CGU”), that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. Goodwill is monitored at the operating segment level.

Goodwill impairment reviews are undertaken annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate a potential impairment. The carrying value of goodwill is compared to the recoverable amount, which is the higher of value in use and the fair value less costs to sell. Any impairment is recognized immediately as an expense and is not subsequently reversed.

(2) Intangible assets except goodwill

Separately acquired Intangible assets except for goodwill are measuredshown at historical cost. These assets have definite useful lives and are carried at historical cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is calculatedAssets with definite useful lives are amortized using the straight-line method according to allocate the cost of assets over their estimated useful lives.lives presented below. However, facility usage rights (condominium membership and golf membership) and broadcast license are regarded as intangible assets with indefinite useful life and not amortized, because there is no foreseeable limit to the period over which the asset is expected to generate net cash inflows for the Company.

The useful life of an asset with indefinite useful life is reviewed each period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life assessment for that asset. If management judges that previous estimates should be adjusted, the change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate. The depreciation method and useful life of an asset with definite useful life are reviewed at the end of each reporting period.inflows.

The estimated useful life used for amortizing intangible assets is as follows:

 

   

Estimated Useful Lives

Goodwill

Unlimited useful life

Industrial property rights

2 – 10 years

Development costs

  5 – 6 years

Goodwill

Unlimited useful life

Software

  26 years

Industrial property rights

5 – 10 years

Frequency usage rights

  5.75 – 1315 years

Others 1

  32 – 50 years

 

1Facility usage rights (condominium membership and golf membership) and broadcast license included in others are classified as intangible assets with indefinite useful life.

(3) Research and development costs

Expenditure on research is recognized as an expense as incurred. If the expense as incurred that is identifiable and when the probable future economic benefits are expected, the cost for the new merchandises and technology is recognized as intangible assets when all the following criteria are met:

 

It is technically feasible to complete the intangible asset so that it will be available for use;

 

Management intends to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;

 

There is the ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

 

It can be demonstrated how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits;

 

Adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset are available; and

 

The expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development can be reliably measured

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Other development expenditures that do not meet these criteria are recognized as expenses as incurred. Development costs previously recognized as an expense are not recognized as an asset in a subsequent period. Capitalized development costs, which are stated as intangible assets, are amortized using the straight-line method when the assets are available for use and are tested for impairment.

2.14    Borrowing Costs

General and specific borrowingBorrowing costs directly attributable toincurred in the acquisition or construction or production of a qualifying assets, whichasset are assets that necessarily take a substantialcapitalized in the period of time to get readywhen it is prepared for theirits intended use, or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. Investmentand investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure onmade specifically for the purpose obtaining a qualifying assetsasset is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. All othercapitalization during the period. Other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss inas expenses for the period in which they are incurred.

2.15    Government Grants

Grants from a governmentGovernment grants related to assets are recognized at their fair value where there isin profit or loss on a reasonable assurance thatsystematic and rational basis over the useful life of the asset by setting up the grant will be receivedas deferred income, and the Company will comply with all attached conditions.

Governmentgovernment grants relatingrelated to costsincome are deferred and recognized in the statement of income overas part of ‘other non-operating income’ for the period necessary to match them within which the costs that they are intended to compensate. Government grants relating to property and equipment are deferred and are credited torelated expenses for the statement of income on a straight-line basis over the expected livespurpose of the related assets.government grants are incurred.

2.16    Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

Assets that have anGoodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful life such as goodwill are not subject to amortization andlives are tested annually for impairment. Depreciable assets are tested for impairment when there is any indication an asset may be impaired. Assets that are subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets, other than goodwill, that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.

2.17    Financial liabilitiesLiabilities

(1) Financial assets at fair value through profit or lossClassification and measurement

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are financial instruments held for trading. Financial liabilities are classified in this category if acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of selling or repurchaserepurchasing them in the shortnear term. Derivatives that are not subject to hedge accountingdesignated as hedges or bifurcated from financial instruments containing embedded derivatives are also categorized in this category.

(2) Financial liabilities measured at amortized costas held-for-trading.

The Company classifies non-derivative financial liabilities, as financial liabilities measured at amortized cost, except for financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, or forfinancial guarantee contracts and financial liabilities that arise when a transfer of a financial assetassets does not qualify for derecognition. For cases not qualifying for derecognition, the transferred asset continues to be recognized and aas financial liability is measured as the consideration received. Financial liabilities measuredcarried at amortized cost are includedand presented as ‘trade payables’, ‘borrowings’, and ‘other financial liabilities’ in non-current liabilities, exceptthe statement of financial position.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Preferred shares that provide for liabilities with maturities of less than 12 months as of the end of the reporting period, whicha mandatory redemption at a particular date are classified as currentliabilities. Interest expenses on these preferred shares calculated using the effective interest method are recognized in the statement of income as ‘finance costs’, together with interest expenses recognized on other financial liabilities.

The Company’s financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are financial instruments held for trading and designated as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities held for trading are financial liabilities that are incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing them in the near term and derivatives that are not designated as hedges or bifurcated from financial instruments containing embedded derivatives. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are structured financial liabilities containing embedded derivatives issued by the Company.

As it was unable to measure the embedded derivatives separately from its host contract, the Company designated the entire hybrid contact as at fair value through profit or loss. The financial liability that the Company designated as at fair value through profit or loss is a foreign convertible bond.

(2) Derecognition

Financial liabilities are removed from the statement of financial position when it is extinguished, for example, when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired or when the terms of an existing financial liability are substantially modified.

2.18    Trade PayablesFinancial Guarantee Contracts

Trade payablesFinancial guarantees contracts provided by the Company are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade payables are initially recognized at fair value.

2.19    Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Financial guarantee is initially measured at fair value on the date the guarantee was given. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Company’s liabilities under such guarantees are measured at the higher of the amounts below. Any increase in the liability relating to guarantees is reportedbelow and recognized as other‘other financial liabilities:liabilities’:

 

  

The amountsamount determined in accordance with IAS 37,Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets; or

 

The amounts initially recognized less the accumulated amortization accordance with IAS 18 Revenue

The initial amount, less accumulated amortization recognized in accordance with IAS 18,Revenue.

2.20    Borrowings2.19    Compound Financial Instruments

BorrowingsCompound financial instruments are convertible bonds that can be converted into equity instruments at the option of the holder. The liability component of a compound financial instrument is recognized initially at the fair value net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the statement of income over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. However, in case a subsidiary is engaged in the financial industry, the interest expenses are recognized as operating expenses since it is considered as a main business activity of the subsidiary.

The Company classifies thesimilar liability as current when itthat does not have an unconditional rightequity conversion option. The equity component is recognized initially on the difference between the fair value of the compound financial instrument as a whole and the fair value of the liability component. Any directly attributable transaction costs are allocated to defer its settlement for at least 12 months after the reporting date.liability and equity components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

2.21Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

2.20    Employee Benefits

(1) Retirement benefit liabilitiesPost-employment benefits

The Company has both defined benefit and defined contribution plans.

A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. The contributions are recognized as employee benefit expenses when an employee has rendered service.

A defined benefit plan is a pension plan that is not a defined contribution plan. Typically defined benefit plans define an amount of pension benefit that an employee will receive on retirement, usually dependent on one or more factors such as age, years of service and compensation. The liability recognized in the statement of financial position in respect of the defined benefit pension planplans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension liability.

Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changesobligation. The remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability are recognized in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise. To the extent that the benefits are already vested following the introduction ofincome.

If any plan amendments, curtailments, or changes to, a defined benefit plan, past-servicesettlements occur, past service costs or any gains or losses on settlement are recognized immediately in income, while costs are amortized over the vesting periodas profit or loss for the unvested benefits.year.

(2) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or whenever an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognizes termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: when it is demonstrably committed to either: terminating the employmententity can no longer withdraw the offer of current employees according tothose benefits or when the entity recognizes costs for a detailed formal plan without possibility of withdrawal; or providing termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy.restructuring.

2.222.21     Share-based payments

The Controlling Company operatesEquity-settled share-based compensation plans, under whichpayments granted to employees are estimated at the Controlling Company receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments (options) of the Controlling Company. Thegrant date fair value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options isequity instruments and recognized as a compensation expense in the statement of incomeemployee benefit expenses over the vesting period. The number of equity instruments expected to vest is remeasured with consideration to non-market vesting conditions at the end of the reporting period, with any changes from the original measurement recognized in the profit for the year and equity.

2.232.22    Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events and an outflow of resources required to settle the obligation is probable and can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation. Theobligation and the increase in the provisionsprovision due to passage of time is recognized as an interest expense.

2.24KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

2.23    Leases

(1) The Company as the Lessee

A lease is an agreement, whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee, in return for a payment or series of payments, the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time. Leases in which a significant portion ofwhere all the risks and rewards of ownership are retained bynot transferred to the lessorCompany are classified as operating leases. Payments madeLease payments under operating leases are charged to the statement of incomerecognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.lease term.

Lease of property and equipmentLeases where the lesseeCompany has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalized at the lease’s commencementand recognized as lease assets and liabilities at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance charges so as to achieve a constant ratepayments on the outstanding balance. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in the finance lease liabilities.

The interest elementopening date of the finance cost is charged to the statement of income over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance leases are depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the asset and the lease term.

(2) The Company as the Lessor

ForA lease is classified as a finance leases, lease receivables are recognizedif it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership at the amount equivalent toinception of the net investment in thelease. A lease asset. The Company recognizes interest income, which is calculated for netother than a finance lease receivable based on effective interest rate.is classified as an operating lease. Lease income from operating leases shall be

is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs incurred by lessorsthe lessor in negotiating and arranging an operating leases shall belease is added to the carrying amount of the leaseleased asset and recognized as the expensesan expense over the lease term corresponding toon the same basis as the lease income.

2.25    Dividend Distribution

Dividend distribution to the Company’s shareholders is recognized as a liability in the financial statements in the period in which the dividends are approved by the Company’s shareholders.

2.262.24    Capital Stock

Common stocks are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new common stocks or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

Where the Controlling Company purchases its own equity share capital, the consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental costs, is deducted from equity attributable to the Controlling Company’s equity holders until the stocks are cancelled or reissued. Where such shares are subsequently reissued, any consideration received is included in equity attributable to the Controlling Company’s equity holders.

2.272.25    Revenue Recognition

Revenue comprisesis measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the salessale of goods andor rendering of services inarising from the ordinary coursenormal activities of the Company’s activities. RevenueCompany. It is shownstated as net of value-added tax,value added taxes, returns, rebates and discounts, and after eliminating sales within the Company. elimination of intra-company transactions.

The Company recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured,measured; when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entityentity; and when specific criteria have been met for each of the Company’s activities, as described below. The Company bases its estimatesestimate on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.

(1) Sales of Services

When providing interconnection or telecommunications service to a customer based on service plans, the related revenue is recognized at the time service is provided. If the customer uses the telecommunications equipment according to the service plans, the related revenue is recognized on straight-line basis over the contract period. Revenue related to the other telecommunications services is recognized when the service is provided to the customer.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

For other services, when the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services can be estimated reliably, revenue associated with such a transaction is recognized by reference to the stage of performance of the services. When the outcome of the transaction involving the rendering of services cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognized only to the extent of the expenses recognized that are recoverable.

Total consideration for combined services is allocated to each service in proportion to its fair value and the allocated amount is recognized as revenue according to revenue recognition policy for the service.

(2) Sales of goods

SalesThe Company sells a range of handsets. Revenue from the sale of goods such as selling handsets areis recognized when the Company hasproducts are delivered products to the customer. Delivery does not occur until the products have been shipped to the

specified location, the risks of obsolescence and loss have been transferred to the customer, and either the customer has accepted the products in accordance with the sales contract, the acceptance provisions have lapsed, or the Company has objective evidence that all criteria for acceptance have been satisfied.purchaser.

(3) Interest income

Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method.method according to the time passed. When a loan and receivable is impaired, the Company reduces the carrying amount to its recoverable amount and continues unwinding the discount as interest income. Interest income on impaired loans and receivables is recognized using the original effective interest rate.

(4) Commission fees.fees

Commission fees related to credit card business recognized when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and these benefits can be reliably measured. Revenues from acquiree fee, agent fee, optional service fees, member service fees and credit card service charge are measured at the fair value of the consideration received and recognized on ana accrual basis.

(5) Royalty income

Royalty income is recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreements.

(6) Dividend income

Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive payment is established.

2.28(7) Customer loyalty program

The Company operates a customer loyalty program where customers accumulate points for purchases made which entitle them to discounts on future purchases. The reward points are recognized as a separately identifiable component of the initial sale transaction. The fair value of the consideration received or receivable in respect of the initial sale is allocated between the reward points and the other components of the sale. The fair value of the reward points is measured by taking into account the proportion of the reward points that are not expected to be redeemed by customers. Revenue from the reward points is recognized when the points are redeemed and the reward points expire 12 months after the initial sale.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

2.26    Current and Deferred Income Tax

The tax expense for the period consists of current and deferred tax. Tax is recognized on the profit for the period in the statement of income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this exception,case, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

The current income tax chargeexpense is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantiallysubstantively enacted at the end of the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income. period.

Management periodically evaluates positions takentax policies that are applied in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriateThe Company recognizes current income tax on the basis of amountsthe amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is recognized using the liability method, onfor temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts inas expected tax consequences at the financial statements.recovery or settlement of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities. However, the deferred income tax isassets and liabilities are not accounted forrecognized if it arisesthey arise from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit noror loss. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

Deferred income tax liabilities are provided onliability is recognized for taxable temporary differences arising onassociated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and associates,interests in joint ventures, except whereto the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Company and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred incomeIn addition, deferred tax asset is recognized onlyfor deductible temporary differences arising from such investments to the extent that it is probable that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention either to settle the balances on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.basis.

2.292.27    Deferred Loan Fees and Costs

Loan origination fees in relation to loan origination process such as upfront fee, are deferred and amortized over the life of the loan as an adjustment to the yield of the loan using the effective interest rate method. Loan origination costs, which relates to loan origination activities such as commissions to brokers, are deferred and amortized over the life of the loan as an adjustment to the yield of the loan, using the effective interest rate method, if the future economic benefit related costs incurred can be matched with each loan.

In addition, the amortizationamortizations of the deferred loan origination fees on costs isare offset and the net amounts are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position.

2.30KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

2.28    Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

Non-current assets (or disposal groups) are classified as ‘assets and liabilities classified as held for sale’ (or ‘groups classified as held for sale’) when their carrying amount is to be recovered principally through a sale transaction and a sale is considered highly probable. They are stated at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

When a component of the CompanyGroup representing a separate major line of business or geographical area of operation has been disposed of, or is subject to a sale plan involving loss of control of a subsidiary, the CompanyGroup discloses in the statement of income the post-tax profit or loss of discontinued operations and the post-tax gain or loss recognized on the measurement to fair value less costs to sell or on the disposal of the assets or group to be sold constituting the discontinued operation. The net cash flows attributable to the operating, investing and financing activities of discontinued operations are presented in the notes to the financial statements.statements (Note 40).

2.29    Dividend

Dividend distribution to the Company’s shareholders is recognized as a liability in the financial statements in the period in which the dividends are approved by the Company’s shareholders.

2.30    Approval of Issuance of the Financial Statements

The issuance of the December 31, 2014 financial statements of the Company was approved by the directors on April 23, 2015.

2.31    US Dollar ConvenienceConvention Translation

The December 31, 20112014 consolidated financial statements are expressed in Korean Won and have been translated intoin U.S. dollars at the rate of(Won)1,153.31,099.2 to US$1, the market average exchange rate announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd. and in effect on December 31, 2011,2014, solely for the convenience of the reader. These translations should not be construed as a representation that any or all of the amounts shown could be converted into U.S. dollars at this or any other rate.

3.    Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. EstimatesThe estimates and assumptions are continuallycontinuously evaluated and are based onwith consideration to factors such as events reasonably predictable in the foreseeable future within the present circumstance according to historical experience and other factors,

including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.experience. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are addressed below.

3.1    Estimated Impairment of Goodwill

The Company tests annually whether goodwill has suffered any impairment in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 2.16.impairment. The recoverable amounts of cash-generating units have been determined based on value-in-use calculations. These calculations require the use of estimates. (Note 14)13).

3.2    Income Taxes

CurrentThe Company is operating in numerous countries and deferredthe income generated from these operations is subject to income taxes based on tax laws and interpretations of tax authorities in numerous jurisdictions. There are determined usingmany transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities in the period in which such determination is made.uncertain.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

3.3    Fair Value of Derivatives and Financial Instruments

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. The Company uses its judgment to select a variety of methods and makesmake assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the end of each reporting period.period (Note 36).

3.4    Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company usesrecognizes provisions for accounting of estimated loss in customers’ insolvency. When the allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated, it is based on the aging analysis of trade receivables balances, incurred loss experience, customers’ credit rates and changes of payment terms. If the customer’s financial position becomes worse, the actual amortizationloss amount will be increased more than the estimated.

3.5    Defined Benefit ObligationNet defined benefit liability

The present value of thenet defined benefit obligationliability depends on a number of factors that are determined on an actuarial basis using a number of assumptions. The assumptions used in determining the defined benefit obligation includeincluding the discount rate. Any changes in these assumptions will impact the carrying amount of the defined benefit obligation.

The Company determines the appropriate discount rate at the end of each reporting period. This is the interest rate that is used to determine the present value of estimated future cash outflows expected to be required to settle the defined benefit obligation. In determining the appropriate discount rate, the Company considers the interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related liability. Other key assumptions for defined benefit obligation are based in part on current market conditions. Additional information is disclosed in Note 19.(Note 18).

3.6    Deferred Revenue

Service installation fees and initial subscription fees related to activation of service are deferred and recognized as revenue over the expected terms of customer relationships. The estimate

of expected terms of customer relationship is based on the historical rate. If management’s estimation is amended, it may cause significant differences in the timing of revenue recognition and amount recognized.

3.7    Provisions

As described in Note 18,17, the Company records provisions for litigation and assets retirement obligations as of the end of the reporting period. The provisions are estimated based on the factors such as the historical experiences.

3.8    Useful lives of Property and equipmentEquipment, Intangible Assets and Investment Property

Depreciation on the property and equipment, intangible assets and investment property excluding land, condominium memberships, golf club memberships, and broadcasting concession is calculated using straight linethe straight-line method over their useful lives. The estimated useful lives are determined based on expected usage of the assets and the estimates can be materially affected by technical changes and other factors. The Company will increase depreciation if the useful lives are considered shorter than the previously estimated useful lives.

4.    Transition to IFRS

The Company’s transition date to IFRS is January 1, 2010,KT Corporation and adoption date is January 1, 2011. The Company prepared the opening statement of financial position as of January 1, 2010.

In preparing these consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS 1,First-time Adoption of international Financial Reporting Standards, the Company has applied the mandatory exceptions and certain optional exemptions allowed by IFRS.Subsidiaries

4.1    Exemptions options under IFRS 1

The Company has electedNotes to apply the following optional exemptions from full retrospective application of the IFRS.

(1) Business combination

The Company has not retrospectively applied IFRS 3 to the business combinations that took place prior to the transition date of January 1, 2010 (the date of transition to IFRS).

(2) Deemed cost for property and equipmentConsolidated Financial Statements

The Company has elected to measure certain propertyDecember 31, 2012, 2013 and equipment at fair value as of January 1, 2010, (the date of transition to IFRS) and uses that fair value as its deemed cost at that date. The certain buildings and telecommunications equipment were measured using fair value as its deemed cost at transition date. The adjusted amount resulting from fair value revaluation is(Won)256,781 million (before the income tax effects), with the total fair value of(Won)6,492,658 million.

(3) Decommissioning liabilities included in the cost of property and equipment

According to IFRIC 1,Changes in Existing Decommissioning, Restoration and Similar liabilities, changes in a decommissioning, restoration or similar liability are added to or deducted from the cost of the asset to which it relates. The Company elects not to comply with these requirements for changes in such liabilities that occurred before the date of transition to IFRS. The amounts to be included as costs of decommissioning assets are measured by discounting the liability over the intervening period and the accumulated depreciation on that amount is calculated at the date of transition to IFRS.2014

(4) Borrowing costs

In respect of capitalizing borrowing costs incurred in the construction of a qualifying asset, the Company capitalizes interest on all qualifying assets for which the commencement date for capitalization is after the transition date subject to IAS 23.

(5) Contribution for construction

Subject to IFRIC 18, the Company applies this interpretation prospectively to contribution for construction received on or after January 1, 2010 (the date of transition to IFRS).

4.2    Mandatory exceptions to retrospective application of IFRS 1

The Company has applied the following mandatory exceptions.

(1) Derecognition of financial assets

The Company has prospectively applied IAS 39,Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, to the transactions of financial assets after January 1, 2004. The Company has not applied IFRS to transactions of financial assets before January 1, 2004, even if they met the requirements of derecognition .

(2) Exception for estimates

The Company’s estimates in accordance with IFRS, at the date of transition (January 1, 2010) are consistent with estimates made for the same date in accordance with previous accounting standards(after adjustments to reflect any difference in accounting policies), unless there is objective evidence that those estimates were in error.

4.3    Significant Differences in Accounting Policies

Significant differences between the accounting policies chosen by the Company under IFRS and under Korean GAAP are as follows:

(1) Revenue recognition

Under Korean GAAP, non-refundable service installation fees for telephone and initial subscription fees for Personal Communications Services(PCS) and leased-line services are recognized as revenue when installation and initiation services are rendered. Under IFRS, service installation fees, and an initial subscription fees related to activation of service, are deferred and recognized as revenue over the expected terms of customer relationship.

In addition, under Korean GAAP, as the certain real estate revenue is considered as a construction type contract, the real estate revenue is recognized on a percentage of completion basis. Under IFRS, as the related real estate revenue is considered as a sale of goods, real estate revenue is recognized at the time of the transfer to customer.

(2) Employee benefits

Under Korean GAAP, provisions for severance benefits were estimated assuming all eligible employees were to terminate their employment at the end of reporting period. Under IFRS, the defined benefit obligations are measured by using actuarial method.

(3) Government grants

Under Korean GAAP, government grants were presented by deducting the grant in arriving at the carrying amount of the asset. Under IFRS, government grants are presented as liabilities for deferred revenue and recognized as revenue over the useful life of the asset.

(4) Goodwill or bargain purchase arising from business combinations

Under Korean GAAP, goodwill recognized at the business combination was amortized using the straight-line basis over 4~10 years from the year of acquisition and negative goodwill was recognized as income using the straight-line basis over the weighted average useful life of the acquired depreciable assets. Under IFRS, goodwill is not amortized or reversed but tested for impairment at least annually. Gain on bargain purchase is recognized immediately in the statement of income.

(5) Capitalization of borrowing costs

Under Korean GAAP, borrowing costs were expensed as incurred from the initial date of manufacture, acquisition, construction and development until getting ready for its intended use or sale. Under IFRS, the Company capitalizes borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, acquired after the date of transition, as part of the cost of that asset.

(6) Customer loyalty programs

Under Korean GAAP, the amount of future obligation was recognized as expense and liability provision when sales occur. Under IFRS, awarded credits are separately accounted for as an identifiable component of the sales transaction in which they are granted and the related revenue is deferred.

(7) Transfer of financial assets

Under Korean GAAP, if the Company transferred a financial asset to financial institutions and it was determined that control over the asset has been transferred to financial institutions, the Company derecognized the financial asset. Under IFRS, if the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, the asset is not derecognized but instead the related cash proceeds are recognized as financial liabilities.

(8) Deferred income tax

Under Korean GAAP, deferred tax assets and liabilities were either classified as current or non-current based on the classification of their underlying assets and liabilities. If there are no corresponding assets or liabilities the deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified based on their expected recoverable periods.

Under IFRS, deferred tax and liabilities, are classified as non-current on the statement of financial position.

Under Korean GAAP, temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures were treated as a single difference in determining whether to recognize deferred tax assets or liabilities. Under IFRS, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized reflecting the manner of recovery or settlement of temporary difference of each component.

4.4    Changes in Scope of Consolidation

At January 1, 2010, the date of transition, changes in the scope of consolidation as a result of adoption of IFRS are as follows:

Changes

Description

Name of Entity

Excluded

Under Korean GAAP, entities of which the Company owns more than 30% of shares and is the largest shareholder with the largest voting rights were included in scope of consolidation. Under IFRS, such entities are not subject to consolidation unless control over the entity is established.KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

Sidus FNH Benex,
Cinema Investment
Fund No. 1

Under Korean GAAP, Private Equity Fund under theIndirect Investment Asset Management Business Act, which the Company is a managing partner of,was included in scope of consolidation. Under IFRS, such entities are not subject to consolidation unless control over the entity is established.Vanguard Private
Equity Fund

Newly added

As a result of adoption of IFRS, three subsidiaries are excluded from scope of consolidation at the date of transition.

4.5    Reconciliation between IFRS and Korean GAAP

(1) Effects on the consolidated total assets, liabilities and equity as of January 1, 2010, the transition date of IFRS

(in millions of Korean won)

  Total assets  Total
liabilities
  Total equity 

Reported amount under Korean GAAP

  (Won)26,620,317   (Won)15,952,878   (Won)10,667,439  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Adjustments :

    

Change in revenue recognition of certain real estate sales

   (176,352  23,345    (199,697

Deferred revenue such as initial subscription fees

       255,034    (255,034

Deemed cost of property and equipment

   256,781        256,781  

Valuation of financial instruments (present value and others)

   (6,503  (122  (6,381

Actuarial estimation of post employment benefit

   259    (251,011  251,270  

Readjustments of asset retirement obligation

   3,335    9,639    (6,304

Reclassifications of government grants

   8,227    8,610    (383

Effect of changes in the scope of consolidation

   (77,759  (13,349  (64,410

Others

   36,541    (36,069  72,610  

Tax-effect on adjustments

   (1,152  (77  (1,075
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   43,377    (4,000  47,377  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Adjusted amount under IFRS

  (Won)26,663,694   (Won)15,948,878   (Won)10,714,816  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(2) Effects on the consolidated total assets, liabilities and equity as of December 31, 2010

(in millions of Korean won)

  Total Assets  Total
liabilities
  Total equity  Comprehensive
income
 

Reported amount under Korean GAAP

  (Won)27,713,459   (Won)16,217,787   (Won)11,495,672   (Won)1,151,049  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Adjustments :

     

Change in revenue recognition of certain real estate sales

   11,127    23,536    (12,409  187,288  

Deferred revenue such as initial subscription fees

   1,519    239,614    (238,095  16,939  

Deemed cost of property and equipment

   256,781        256,781      

Effect of depreciation cost to apply deemed cost and others

   (112,190      (112,190  (112,215

Valuation of financial instruments (present value and others)

   (7,919  (211  (7,708  (1,118

Actuarial estimation of post employment benefit

   280    (91,869  92,149    (158,984

Readjustments of asset retirement obligation

   1,320    8,229    (6,909  (613

Reclassifications of government grants

   26,258    25,604    654    654  

Capitalization of borrowing cost

   16,550        16,550    16,550  

Effect of changes in the scope of consolidation

   (1,083,170  (847,697  (235,473  (14,673

Others

   105,129    10,642    94,487    30,804  

Tax-effect on adjustments

   12,459    1,913    10,546    10,382  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   (771,856  (630,239  (141,617  (24,986
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Adjusted amount under IFRS

  (Won)26,941,603   (Won)15,587,548   (Won)11,354,055   (Won)1,126,063  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(3) Adjustments to the statement of cash flows

According to IFRS, cash flows of the related income (expenses) and assets (liabilities) are adjusted to separately disclose the cash flows from interest received, interest paid and cash payments of income taxes that were not presented separately under Korean GAAP. Also, other IFRS transition effects are reflected on cash flows if they have an effect on cash flow.

5.4.    Financial Instruments by category

Financial instruments by category as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 20112014, are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  01.01.2010   2013 

Financial assets

  Loans
and
receivables
   Assets at fair
value through
the profit and
loss
   Derivatives
used for
hedge
   Available-
for-sale
   Held-to-
maturity
   Total   Loans
and
receivables
   Assets at fair
value through
the profit and loss
   Derivatives
used for
hedge
   Available-
for-sale
   Held-to-
Maturity
   Total 

Cash and cash equivalents

  (Won)1,542,872    (Won)    (Won)    (Won)    (Won)    (Won)1,542,872    2,070,869                    2,070,869  

Trade and other receivables

   4,515,007                         4,515,007     6,053,040                         6,053,040  

Loans receivable

   911,229                         911,229     1,348,597                         1,348,597  

Finance lease receivables

   522,765                         522,765     709,937                         709,937  

Other financial assets

   346,596     31,368     295,058     117,280     82     790,384     582,693     15,643     3,496     547,627     3,248     1,152,707  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  10,765,136    15,643    3,496    547,627    3,248    11,335,150  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

In millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 

Financial liabilities

  Liabilities at fair
value through  the
profit and loss
   Derivatives used
for hedge
   Financial
liabilities at
amortized cost
   Total 

Trade and other payables

  (Won)    (Won)    (Won)5,583,679    (Won)5,583,679  

Finance lease liabilities

             7,553     7,553  

Borrowings

             9,566,700     9,566,700  

Other financial liabilities

   7,497     3,782     15,586     26,865  

(In millions of Korean won)

  12.31.2010 

Financial assets

  Loans
and
receivables
   Assets at fair
value through
the profit and
loss
   Derivatives
used for
hedge
   Available-
for-sale
   Held-to-maturity   Total 

Cash and cash equivalents

  (Won)1,161,641    (Won)    (Won)    (Won)    (Won)    (Won)1,161,641  

Trade and other receivables

   5,318,713                         5,318,713  

Loans receivable

   1,133,221                         1,133,221  

Finance lease receivables

   597,339                         597,339  

Other financial assets

   106,630     6,010     247,794     178,609     7     539,050  

(In millions of Korean won)

  2013 

Financial liabilities

  Liabilities at
fair value through
the  profit and loss
   Derivatives
used for
hedge
   Financial
liabilities at
amortized
cost
   Other
liabilities
   Total 

Trade and other payables

          8,472,707        8,472,707  

Finance lease liabilities

             68,210          68,210  

Borrowings

             11,483,893          11,483,893  

Other financial liabilities

   2,956     150,612     73,080     15,984     242,632  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  2,956    150,612    20,097,890    15,984    20,267,442  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  12.31.2010 

Financial liabilities

  Liabilities at fair
value through
the

profit and loss
   Derivatives
used for
hedge
   Financial
liabilities at
amortized cost
   Total 

Trade and other payables

  (Won)    (Won)    (Won)4,805,705    (Won)4,805,705  

Finance lease liabilities

             93,856     93,856  

Borrowings

             9,382,364     9,382,364  

Other financial liabilities

   634     19,837     18,455     38,926  

(In millions of Korean won)

  2014 

Financial assets

  Loans
and
receivables
   Assets at fair
value through
the profit and loss
   Derivatives
used for
hedge
   Available-
for-sale
   Held-to-
Maturity
   Total 

Cash and cash equivalents

  1,888,663                    1,888,663  

Trade and other receivables

   5,659,913                         5,659,913  

Loans receivable

   1,295,282                         1,295,282  

Finance lease receivables

   584,413                         584,413  

Other financial assets

   455,622     6,983     41,540     525,556     7,767     1,037,468  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  9,883,893    6,983    41,540    525,556    7,767    10,465,739  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  12.31.2011 

Financial assets

  Loans
and
receivables
   Assets at fair
value  through
the profit and
loss
   Derivatives
used for
hedge
   Available-
for-sale
   Held-to-Maturity   Total 

Cash and cash equivalents

  (Won)1,445,169    (Won)    (Won)    (Won)    (Won)    (Won)1,445,169  

Trade and other receivables

   7,882,329                         7,882,329  

Loans receivable

   1,189,331                         1,189,331  

Finance lease receivables

   736,660                         736,660  

Other financial Assets

   280,700     5,538     160,283     428,796     7     875,324  

(In millions of Korean won)

  2014 

Financial liabilities

  Liabilities at
fair value through
the  profit and loss
   Derivatives
used for
hedge
   Financial
liabilities at
amortized
cost
   Other
liabilities
   Total 

Trade and other payables

          7,317,303        7,317,303  

Finance lease liabilities

             55,007          55,007  

Borrowings

             12,815,385          12,815,385  

Other financial liabilities

   3,980     122,012     82,816     5,434     214,242  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  3,980    122,012    20,270,511    5,434    20,401,937  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  12.31.2011 

Financial liabilities

  Liabilities at fair
value through  the
profit and loss
   Derivatives used
for hedge
   Financial
liabilities at

amortized cost
   Total 

Trade and other payables

  (Won)    (Won)    (Won)6,542,138    (Won)6,542,138  

Finance lease liabilities

             136,197     136,197  

Borrowings

             10,998,552     10,998,552  

Other financial liabilities

   2,730     6,076     287,954     296,760  

Income or expense (gain or loss) by financial instruments category for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won

  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Loans and receivables

   

Interest income 1

  (Won)253,437   (Won)314,125  

Gain or loss on valuation

   (194,005  (146,177

Foreign currency transaction gain or loss

   (15,227  5,284  

Foreign currency translation gain or loss

   (2,967  4,646  

Gain or loss on disposal

   (482  (3,807

Assets at fair value through the profit and loss

   

Interest income 1

   3,048    10,684  

Dividend income

   2    13  

Gain or loss on valuation

   14,460    10,263  

Foreign currency transaction gain or loss

   352    8  

Foreign currency translation gain or loss

   3    116  

Gain or loss on disposal

   92    (1,120

Reclassified to profit or loss from other comprehensive income 2, 3

       879  

(In millions of Korean won

  12.31.2010 12.31.2011 

(In millions of Korean won)

  2012 2013 2014 

Loans and receivables

    

Interest income 1

  387,254   279,047   237,771  

gain(loss) on foreign currency transaction

   (1,198  23,509    (1,181

gain(loss) on foreign currency translation

   (3,208  (5,245  7,917  

Loss on disposal

   (15,809  (7,534  (16,464

Bad debts expense

   (150,389  (189,665  (231,934

Assets at fair value through the profit and loss

    

Gain(loss) on disposal

   10    375    (587

Loss on valuation

   (80  (5,427  (794

Derivatives used for hedging

       

Transaction gain or loss

   (824  (26,882

Gain or loss on valuation

   114    43,755  

Other comprehensive income 2

   (27,897  13,509  

Reclassified to profit or loss from other comprehensive income 2, 4

   3,259    6,374  

Gain(loss) on transaction

   (4,023  1,134    (34,653

Gain on valuation

   (49,729  127    64,700  

Other comprehensive income(loss) 2

   (9,407  (1,936  28,928  

Reclassified to profit or loss from other comprehensive income(loss) 2,3

   24,764    1,408    (49,524

Available -for-sale

       

Interest income 1

   998    219     142    345    45  

Dividend income

   561    7,840     6,370    20,841    15,007  

Gain or loss on disposal

   2,305    6,724  

Gain(loss) on disposal

   7,991    2,339    (13,495

Impairment loss

   (6,043  (4,727   (3,401  (5,053  (70,022

Other comprehensive income 2

   (1,324  80,521     23,952    49,778    39,336  

Reclassified to profit or loss from other comprehensive income 2

   3,553    (1,764   (4,865  6,554    (17,173

Held-to-Maturity

    

Interest income 1

           159  

Liabilities at fair value through the profit and loss

       

Interest expense 1

   (5,380  (11,777

Gain or loss on valuation

   4,998    (142

Gain or loss on disposal

   (732  40  

Gain on foreign currency transaction

   199    42    (134

Gain(loss) on disposal

   (78  (676  13  

Gain on valuation

   331    156    32  

Derivatives used for hedging

       

Gain or loss on valuation

   (12,810  1,041  

Other comprehensive income 2

   (20,692  8,205  

Gain(loss) on disposal

   2,352    (3,339  2,121  

Gain(loss) on valuation

   (191,627  (97,289  3,179  

Other comprehensive loss 2

   (119,883  (70,367  (11,938

Reclassified to profit or loss from other comprehensive income 2,3

   130,103    66,199    4,729  

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

       

Interest expense 1, 5

   (580,082  (576,589

Foreign currency transaction gain or loss

   11,685    4,063  

Foreign currency translation gain or loss

   36,303    (83,939

Financial guarantee gain or loss

   (239  (4,973

Interest expense 1,4

   (589,727  (548,129  (578,210

Gain(loss) foreign currency transaction

   3,383    (330  12,443  

Gain(loss) foreign currency translation

   262,383    104,820    (99,145

Other liabilities

    

Financial guarantee reversal(expense)

   (11,216  (9,034  15,736  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)(533,534 (Won)(343,588  (305,406 (387,349 (693,138
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

1KT Capital Co., Ltd. and KT Rental, a subsidiary of the Company, recognizes interest income and expense as operating revenue and expense. Interest income recognized as operating revenue is(Won) 173,740157,135 million (2010:(2012:(Won) 160,043184,182 million, 2013:170,598 million) and interest expense recognized as operating expense is(Won) 106,95177,158 million(2012:116,810 million, (2010:2013:(Won) 95,53797,827 million) for the year ended December 31, 2011.2014.

 

2The amounts directly reflected in equity before adjustments of deferred income tax.

 

3The Company discontinued prospectively hedge accounting for certain cash flow hedge derivatives, which are reclassified as financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss. The related gain or loss on valuation of cash flow hedge in other comprehensive income was reclassified to profit or loss for the period (Note 9).

4During the period,year, the certain derivatives of the Company were settled and the related gain or loss on valuation of cash flow hedge in other comprehensive income was reclassified to profit or loss for the period.year.

 

54The amounts reflected as interest expense arising from derivatives.

6.KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

5.    Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 20112014, are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   2013   2014 

Cash on hand

  (Won)3,212    (Won)8,646    (Won)11,330    5,712    3,918  

Cash in banks

   351,243     418,984     652,374     885,620     805,145  

Money market trust

   108,000     320,000     464,000     817,466     699,879  

Other financial instruments

   1,080,417     414,011     317,465     362,071     379,721  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)1,542.872    (Won)1,161,641    (Won)1,445,169    2,070,869    1,888,663  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position equal cash and cash equivalents in the statementsstatement of cash flows.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 20112014, are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  Type  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   Description 

Cash and cash equivalents

  Restricted
deposit
  (Won)10,341    (Won)9,494    (Won)8,707     
 
Deposit restricted for
governmental project
  
  

(In millions of Korean won)

  Type   2013   2014   

Description

Cash and cash equivalents

   Restricted deposit    1,998    3,318    Deposit restricted for governmental project and others

7.6.    Trade and Other Receivables

Trade and other receivables as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

  1.1.2010   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Total
amounts
   Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
 Present
value discount
 Carrying
value
   Total
amounts
   Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
 Present
value discount
 Carrying
value
 

Current assets

            

Trade receivables

  (Won)3,886,679    (Won)(462,430 (Won)(28,167 (Won)3,396,082    3,791,089    (523,098 (28,248 3,239,743  

Other receivables

   500,423     (160,173  (964  339,286     2,143,203     (142,821  (556  1,999,826  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)4,387,102    (Won)(622,603 (Won)(29,131 (Won)3,735,368    5,934,292    (665,919 (28,804 5,239,569  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Non-current assets

            

Trade receivables

  (Won)448,218    (Won)(2,778 (Won)(48,592 (Won)396,848    404,372    (2,568 (33,539 368,265  

Other receivables

   419,652     (102  (36,759  382,791     500,028     (9,775  (45,047  445,206  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)867,870    (Won)(2,880 (Won)(85,351 (Won)779,639    904,400    (12,343 (78,586 813,471  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

  12.31.2010   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Total
amounts
   Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
 Present
value discount
 Carrying
value
   Total
amounts
   Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
 Present
value discount
 Carrying
value
 

Current assets

            

Trade receivables

  (Won)4,318,381    (Won)(495,049 (Won)(48,699 (Won)3,774,633    3,657,814    (524,865 (9,589 3,123,360  

Other receivables

   563,403     (144,408  (251  418,744     1,872,095     (183,987  (418  1,687,690  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)4,881,784    (Won)(639,457 (Won)(48,950 (Won)4,193,377    5,529,909    (708,852 (10,007 4,811,050  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Non-current assets

            

Trade receivables

  (Won)880,214    (Won)(7,199 (Won)(76,636 (Won)796,379    393,354    (2,752 (25,217 365,385  

Other receivables

   361,402     (307  (32,138  328,957     552,190     (26,659  (42,053  483,478  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)1,241,616    (Won)(7,506 (Won)(108,774 (Won)1,125,336    945,544    (29,411 (67,270 848,863  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 
  12.31.2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Total
amounts
   Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
 Present
value discount
 Carrying
value
 

Current assets

      

Trade receivables

  (Won)5,318,171    (Won)(462,502 (Won)(64,229 (Won)4,791,440  

Other receivables

   1,536,616     (169,042  (100  1,367,474  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)6,854,787    (Won)(631,544 (Won)(64,329 (Won)6,158,914  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Non-current assets

      

Trade receivables

  (Won)1,452,685    (Won)(10,716 (Won)(115,171 (Won)1,326,798  

Other receivables

   442,640     (97  (45,926  396,617  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)1,895,325    (Won)(10,813 (Won)(161,097 (Won)1,723,415  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The fair values of trade and other receivables with original maturities less than one year equal their carrying values because the discounting effect is immaterial. The fair value of trade and other receivables with original maturities longer than one year, which are mainly from sales of goods, is determined discounting the expected future cash flow at the weighted average borrowing rate.

Details of changes in allowance for doubtful accounts for the yearyears ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

  2010 2011   2013 2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Trade
receivables
 Other
receivables
 Trade
receivables
 Other
receivables
   Trade
receivables
 Other
receivables
 Trade
receivables
 Other
receivables
 

Beginning balance

  (Won)465,208   (Won)160,275   (Won)502,248   (Won)144,715    468,118   175,940   525,666   152,596  

Provision

   151,475    6,672    109,034    24,408     151,240    8,926    127,881    71,254  

Reversal or written-off

   (110,464  (21,467  (160,173  (7,183   (92,979  (34,227  (124,993  (16,201

Changes in the scope of consolidation

   (2,064  (437  21,954    5,016     338    2,349    (334  3,759  

Others

   (1,907  (328  155    2,183     (1,051  (392  (603  (762
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Ending balance

  (Won)502,248   (Won)144,715   (Won)473,218   (Won)169,139    525,666   152,596   527,617   210,646  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Provisions for doubtful trade and other receivables are recognized as operating expenses.expenses or finance costs.

Details of aging analysis of trade receivables as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Trade receivables   2013 2014 
1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011 

Neither past due nor impaired

  (Won)2,870,902   (Won)3,949,439   (Won)5,381,202    2,959,284   2,893,083  
  

 

  

 

 

Past due and impaired

       

Up to six months

   580,042    643,801    560,314     725,681    707,140  

Six months to twelve months

   204,807    144,260    162,911     105,607    101,297  

Over twelve months

   602,387    335,760    487,029     343,102    314,842  

Subtotal

   1,387,236    1,123,821    1,210,254  
  

 

  

 

 
   1,174,390    1,123,279  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   (465,208  (502,248  (473,218   (525,666  (527,617
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)3,792,930   (Won)4,571,012   (Won)6,118,238    3,608,008   3,488,745  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

The detail of other receivables as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013 2014 

Loans

  (Won)109,512   (Won)107,274   (Won)100,251    89,134   81,963  

Receivables 1

   433,564    494,455    1,489,040     2,096,086    1,834,813  

Accrued income

   22,536    13,093    17,651     22,603    26,032  

Refundable deposits

   315,903    277,526    325,603     389,199    434,846  

Others

   837    68    685     606    4,160  

Allowance

   (160,275  (144,715  (169,139   (152,596  (210,646
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)722,077   (Won)747,701   (Won)1,764,091    2,445,032   2,171,168  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Current

   339,286    418,744    1,367,474     1,999,826    1,687,690  

Non-current

   382,791    328,957    396,617  
  

 

  

 

 

Non-Current

   445,206    483,478  
  

 

  

 

 

 

1The settlement receivables of BC Card Co., Ltd. of(Won)863,8531,123,744 million included, as of December 31, 2011.(2013:1,553,823 million) included.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Details of aging analysis of other receivables as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as followsfollows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Other receivables 
  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Neither past due nor impaired

  (Won)712,373   (Won)726,812   (Won)1,712,284  

Past due and impaired

    

Up to six months

   100,060    38,312    160,612  

Six months to twelve months

   18,000    77,841    12,322  

Over twelve months

   51,919    49,451    48,012  

Subtotal

   169,979    165,604    220,946  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   (160,275  (144,715  (169,139
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)722,077   (Won)747,701   (Won)1,764,091  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2013  2014 

Neither past due nor impaired

  2,312,757   2,046,235  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Past due and impaired

   

Up to six months

   105,712    87,852  

Six months to twelve months

   16,641    77,773  

Over twelve months

   162,518    169,954  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   284,871    335,579  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   (152,596  (210,646
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  2,445,032   2,171,168  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The maximum exposure of trade and other receivables to credit risk is the carrying value of each class of receivables mentioned above as of December 31, 2011.2014. As of December 31, 2014, the Company is provided with guarantees of674,768 million by Seoul Guarantee Insurance related to the collection of certain accounts receivable arising from the handset sales.

8.7.    Loans Receivable

Loans receivable as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

Current

 

    1.1.2010 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Original
amount
   Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
  Carrying
Value
 

Factoring receivables

  (Won)492    (Won)(4 (Won)488  

Loans

   422,293     (8,167  414,126  

Accounts receivable-loans

   2,149     (427  1,722  

Loans for installment credit

   29,298     (2,882  26,416  

Deferred loan origination costs

   170         170  

Accounts receivable-loans for installment credit

   924     (124  800  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)455,326    (Won)(11,604 (Won)443,722  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

    12.31.2010 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Original
amount
   Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
  Carrying
Value
 

Factoring receivables

  (Won)35,737    (Won)(647 (Won)35,090  

Loans

   676,273     (19,030  657,243  

Accounts receivable-loans

   13,307     (2,402  10,905  

Loans for installment credit

   22,849     (1,191  21,658  

Accounts receivable-loans for installment credit

   528     (82  446  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)748,694    (Won)(23,352 (Won)725,342  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

  12.31.2011   2013 2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Original
amount
   Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
 Carrying
value
   Original
amount
 Allowance
for doubtful
accounts
 Carrying
Value
 Original
amount
 Allowance
for doubtful
accounts
 Carrying
Value
 

Factoring receivables

  (Won)47,201    (Won)(1,012 (Won)46,189    82,994   (1,245 81,749   64,231   (2,916 61,315  

Loans

   640,580     (22,352  618,228     752,165    (32,722  719,443    645,955    (28,331  617,624  

Accounts receivable-loans

   3,084     (221  2,863  

Loans for installment credit

   31,044     (655  30,389     38,799    (1,205  37,594    32,875    (1,231  31,644  

Accounts receivable-loans for installment credit

   393     (32  361  

Deferred loan origination profit and loss

   (62      (62  (215      (215
  

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)722,302    (Won)(24,272 (Won)698,030    873,896   (35,172 838,724   742,846   (32,478 710,368  
  

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Non-Current

 

  1.1.2010   2013   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Original
amount
 Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
 Carrying
value
   Original
amount
   Allowance
for doubtful
accounts
 Carrying
Value
   Original
amount
   Allowance
for doubtful
accounts
 Carrying
Value
 

Factoring receivables

  (Won)17,528   (Won)(96 (Won)17,432    1,073    (103 970    6,721    (173 6,548  

Loans

   404,028    (4,870  399,158     426,218     (15,929  410,289     497,153     (18,349  478,804  

Deferred loan origination fees

   (3,746      (3,746

Loans for installment credit

   42,570    (2,881  39,689     46,849     (5,007  41,842     54,580     (2,336  52,244  

Deferred loan origination profit and loss

   3,432         3,432     4,209         4,209  

New technology financial investment assets

   5,846    (1,027  4,819     6,629     (803  5,826     8,884     (1,707  7,177  

New technology financial loans

   10,213    (58  10,155     63,575     (16,061  47,514     59,992     (24,060  35,932  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)476,439   (Won)(8,932 (Won)467,507    547,776    (37,903 509,873    631,539    (46,625 584,914  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

    12.31.2010 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Original
amount
  Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
  Carrying
value
 

Loans

  (Won)349,734   (Won)(8,904 (Won)340,830  

Deferred loan origination fees

   (1,030      (1,030

Loans for installment credit

   30,564    (1,382  29,182  

Deferred loan origination costs

   951        951  

New technology financial investment assets

   7,876    (1,371  6,505  

New technology financial loans

   32,015    (574  31,441  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)420,110   (Won)(12,231 (Won)407,879  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

 

    12.31.2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Original
amount
  Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
  Carrying
value
 

Factoring receivables

  (Won)23,948   (Won)(513 (Won)23,435  

Loans

   388,870    (11,474  377,396  

Deferred loan origination fees

   (987      (987

Loans for installment credit

   45,358    (954  44,404  

Deferred loan origination costs

   1,457        1,457  

New technology financial investment assets

   10,241    (3,668  6,573  

New technology financial loans

   41,729    (2,706  39,023  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)510,616   (Won)(19,315 (Won)491,301  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The fair values of trade and other receivablesloans receivable with maturities less than one year equal their carrying values because the discounting effect is immaterial. The fair value of loans receivables with original maturities longer than one year is determined discounting the future cash flow at the weighted average borrowing rate.

Details of changes in allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010 2011   2013 2014 

Beginning

  (Won)20,536   (Won)35,583    65,196   73,075  

Provision

   30,808    30,808     40,743    31,656  

Reversal or written-off

   (8,470  (22,804   (30,448  (23,618

Others

   (7,291       (2,416  (2,010
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Ending

  (Won)35,583   (Won)43,587    73,075   79,103  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Provisions for doubtful loans receivable are recognized as operating expenses.

Details of aging analysis of loans receivablesreceivable as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013 2014 

Neither past due nor impaired

  (Won)881,471   (Won)1,094,265   (Won)1,147,671    1,322,206   1,236,387  
  

 

  

 

 

Past due and impaired

       

Up to six months

   38,840    64,672    85,247     54,263    101,071  

Six months to twelve months

   7,510    8,955         27,312    3,718  

Over twelve months

   3,944    912         7,891    33,209  

Subtotal

   50,294    74,539    85,247  
  

 

  

 

 
   89,466    137,998  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   (20,536  (35,583  (43,587   (73,075  (79,103
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)911,229   (Won)1,133,221   (Won)1,189,331    1,348,597   1,295,282  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

The maximum exposure of loans receivables to credit risk is carrying value as of December 31, 2011.

2014.

9.KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

8. Other Financial Assets and Liabilities

Other financial assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013 2014 

Other financial assets

       

Derivatives

  (Won)308,324   (Won)250,630   (Won)164,434  

Assets at fair value through the profit and loss

  15,643   6,983  

Derivatives used for hedge

   3,496    41,540  

Financial instruments1

   370,262    116,269    289,628     582,693    455,622  

Available-for-sale financial assets

   111,716    172,144    421,255     547,627    525,556  

Held-to-maturity investments

   82    7    7     3,248    7,767  

Less: Non-current

   (403,667  (269,358  (621,699   (672,645  (704,760
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Current

  (Won)386,717   (Won)269,692   (Won)253,625    480,062   332,708  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Other financial liabilities

       

Derivatives

  (Won)11,279   (Won)20,471   (Won)8,806  

Financial liabilities

   15,586    18,455    287,954  

Liabilities at fair value through the profit and loss

  2,956   3,980  

Derivatives used for hedge

   150,612    122,012  

Financial guarantee liabilities 2

   15,984    5,434  

Other financial liabilities

   73,080    82,816  

Less: Non-current

   (19,487  (37,783  (288,473   (178,812  (190,525
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Current

  (Won)7,378   (Won)1,143   (Won)8,287    63,820   23,717  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

 

1Financial assets amounting to(Won)22,90026,023 million (2010:(2013:(Won)6,74123,870 million) and(Won)12361 million (2010:(2013:(Won)4970 million) are collaterals pledged against the investee’s debt and checking account deposit, which are subject to withdrawal restrictions.

Derivatives

2As of December 31, 2014, the Company has funding obligation to Smart Channel Co., Ltd. The related financial guarantee liabilities of5,393 million are recognized.

Financial instruments at fair value through the profit and loss as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities   Assets   Liabilities   Assets   Liabilities 

Financial instruments held for trading

        

Interest rate swap

  (Won)23   (Won)5,775   (Won)1,213   (Won)213   (Won)49,485   (Won)180    1              

Currency swap

   295,035    3,782    246,716    19,852    110,798    6,076     7,238                 

Currency forward

   288    1,722        406        292     499     6            

Other derivatives 1

   12,978        2,701        4,151    2,258  

Other derivatives

   7,905     148     6,983     646  

Financial instruments at fair value through the profit and loss

        2,802          3,334  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)308,324   (Won)11,279   (Won)250,630   (Won)20,471   (Won)164,434   (Won)8,806    15,643    2,956    6,983    3,980  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Less:

       

Non-current

       

Interest rate swap

   (23  (119          (3  (45

Currency swap

   (295,035  (3,782  (97,166  (19,837  (110,798  (1,076
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 
   (295,058  (3,901  (97,166  (19,837  (110,801  (1,121
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Current

  (Won)13,266   (Won)7,378   (Won)153,464   (Won)634   (Won)53,633   (Won)7,685  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

The valuation gains and losses on financial instruments held for trading for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 are as follows:

   2012   2013   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Valuation
gain
   Valuation
loss
   Valuation
gain
   Valuation
loss
   Valuation
gain
   Valuation
loss
 

Interest rate swap

      2                1  

Currency swap

                  8,395            

Currency forward

   118          499     6            

Other derivatives

             3,789     1,467     643     1,006  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  118    2    4,288    9,868    643    1,007  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The valuation gains and losses on financial instruments at fair value through the profit and loss for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 are as follows:

(In millions of Korean won)

  2012   2013   2014 

Foreign currency translation gain(loss)

  199    42    (134

Gain on transactions

   547            

Gain(loss) on valuations

   135     309     (398
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  881    351    (532
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The maximum exposure of debt securities of financial instruments at fair value through the profit and loss to credit risk is carrying value as of December 31, 2014.

Derivatives used for hedge as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

   2013   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Assets   Liabilities   Assets   Liabilities 

Interest rate swap 1

      934        601  

Currency swap 2

   3,496     149,678     41,540     121,411  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   3,496     150,612     41,540     122,012  

Less: non-current

   (3,496   (105,679   (34,198   (107,667
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current

      44,933    7,342    14,345  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

1H&C Network, a subsidiaryThe interest rate swap contract is to hedge the risk of variability in future fair value of the bond.

2The currency swap contract is to hedge the risk of variability in cash flow from the bond. In applying the cash flow hedge accounting, the Company has entered into the option contract included in the share transfer agreement with 14 shareholders including the major shareholder of Initech Smartro Holdings Co., Ltd and Smartro Co., Ltd. On July 8, 2010, 135,796 shares out of 203,694 shares included in the option contract were transferred accordinghedges its exposures to the above agreement. The Company may receive the request for the exercise of the option for the remaining 67,898 shares under option contract.cash flow fluctuation until September 7, 2034.

The full value of a hedging derivative is classified as a non-current asset or liability if the remaining maturity of the hedged item is more than 12 months and, as a current asset or liability, if the maturity of the hedged item is less than 12 months.

The valuation gains and losses on the derivatives contracts for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

   2010 

(in millions of Korean won)

  For trading   For hedging 

Type of Transaction

  Valuation
gain
   Valuation
loss
   Valuation
gain
   Valuation
loss
   Accumulated other
comprehensive
income 1
 

Interest rate swap2, 5

  (Won)4,999    (Won)    (Won)1,190    (Won)    (Won)  

Currency swap3, 4

   1,311          33,595     47,481     (48,589

Currency forward 5

   136     15                 

Other derivatives

   14,379                      
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)20,825    (Won)15    (Won)34,785    (Won)47,481    (Won)(48,589
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  For trading   For hedging 

Type of Transaction

  Valuation
gain
   Valuation
loss
   Valuation
gain
   Valuation
loss
   Accumulated other
comprehensive
income 1
 

Interest rate swap2

  (Won)3    (Won)45    (Won)    (Won)    (Won)  

Currency swap3, 4

   10,230          53,727     8,931     21,714  

Currency forward 5

   294     180                 

Other derivatives 5

   2,270     36                 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)12,797    (Won)261    (Won)53,727    (Won)8,931    (Won)21,714  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean
won)

 2012  2013  2014 

Type of Transaction

 Valuation
gain
  Valuation
loss
  Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income 1
  Valuation
gain
  Valuation
loss
  Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income 1
  Valuation
gain
  Valuation
loss
  Accumulated
other

comprehensive
income 1
 

Interest rate swap

       (1,206       405         334  

Currency swap

      241,356    (169,361  127    97,289    (95,792  93,235    25,356    22,080  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

    241,356   (170,567 127   97,289   (95,387 93,235   25,356   22,414  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

1The amounts before adjustments of deferred income tax directly reflected in equity and allocation to the non-controlling interest.

2The interest rate swap contract is to hedge the risk of variability in future fair value of the bond.

3The currency swap contract is to hedge the risk of variability in cash flow from the bond.

4In applying the cash flow hedge accounting, the Company hedges its exposures to cash flow fluctuation until September 7, 2034.

5Gain on valuation of derivative recognized as operating income is(Won) 2,564 million (2010:(Won)1,311 million) for December 31, 2011.

There is no gain or loss on valuation due to fair value valuation of bond to hedge fair value in 2011 (2010: gain on valuation of(Won)1,190 million).

The ineffective portion of recognized in profit or loss on the cash flow hedge is gain on valuation income of(Won)2,7141,178 million in 2011. (2010: gain onfor the current period (2012: valuation loss of(Won)10,34129,183 million, 2013: valuation loss of1,241 million).

The Company discontinued prospectively hedge accounting for certain currency swaps that were previously designated as hedging instruments for cash flows because the hedge effectiveness could not be demonstrated. The derivatives were reclassified

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to the financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss.Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Details of available-for-sale financial assets as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011, 2010,2014, are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Marketable equity securities

  (Won)15,587   (Won)25,469   (Won)101,183  

Non-marketable equity securities

   92,978    145,110    294,243  

Marketable debt securities

           18,400  

Non-marketable debt securities

   3,151    1,565    7,429  

Others

   5,564    6,465    7,541  

Total

   117,280    178,609    428,796  

Less: non-current

   (111,716  (172,144  (421,255
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Current

  (Won)5,564   (Won)6,465   (Won)7,541  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  2013  2014 

Marketable equity securities

  55,347    55,631  

Non-marketable equity securities

   466,302    442,055  

Marketable debt securities

   25,211    10,301  

Non-marketable debt securities

   767    17,569  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   547,627    525,556  

Less: non-current

   (544,968  (509,253
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Current

  2,659    16,303  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Changes of available-for-sale financial assets for the years ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows;follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  2010 2011   2013 2014 

Beginning

  (Won)117,280   (Won)178,609     429,875   547,627  

Acquisition

   108,492    168,060     127,052    78,095  

Disposal

   (52,062  (21,216   (66,917  (138,394

Valuation 1

   (1,324  80,521  

Gain (loss) reclassified from equity 1

   3,553    (1,764

Impairment

   (6,043  (4,727

Reclassification 1

   (3,000  48,684  

Impairment 2

   (5,053  (70,022

Valuation 3

   65,670    51,894  

Changes in scope of consolidation

       14,094         7,672  

Others

   8,713    15,219  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Ending

  (Won)178,609   (Won)428,796     547,627    525,556  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

 

1During the year ended December 31, 2014, KT ENGCORE Co., Ltd. (formerly KT ENS corporation) was reclassified to available-for-sale financial securities from investment in subsidiaries due to the commencement of rehabilitation procedures (Note 1.2).

2Includes impairment losses of48,684 million on KT ENGCORE Co., Ltd. (formerly KT ENS corporation) recognized in 2014.

3The amount before adjustment of deferred income tax directly reflected in equity and allocation to the non-controlling interest.

The maximum exposure of debt securities of available-for-sale financial assets to credit risk is carrying value as of December 31, 2011.2014.

Available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value. However, non-marketable equity securities that do not have quoted market prices in an active market and the fair value of which cannot be reliably measured are recognized at cost and the impairment loss is recognized if any.

10.None of the available-for-sale financial assets are past due and the impaired assets amount to12,942 million as of December 31, 2014.

Investment in Korea Software Financial Cooperative amounting to1,000 million is provided as collateral as consideration for payment guarantees provided by Korea Software Financial Cooperative (Note 20).

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

9.    Inventories

Inventories as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

 1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013   2014 

(in millions of

Korean won)

 Acquisition
cost
 Valuation
allowance 1
 Book
Value
 Acquisition
cost
 Valuation
allowance  1
 Book
Value
 Acquisition
cost
 Valuation
allowance  1
 Book
Value
   Acquisition
cost
   Valuation
allowance
 Book
Value
   Acquisition
cost
   Valuation
allowance
 Book
Value
 

Merchandise

 (Won)635,778   (Won)(45,116 (Won)590,662   (Won)617,919   (Won)(39,695 (Won)578,224   (Won)622,196   (Won)(29,022 (Won)593,194    719,164    (122,919 596,245    445,644    (62,902 382,742  

Supplies

  31,989    (662  31,327    29,595    (196  29,399    20,396    (144  20,252  

Goods in transit

  69,250        69,250    55,564        55,564                 611         611                

Others

  77,107    (2,968  74,139    48,627    (1,197  47,430    62,274    (993  61,281     77,051     (289  76,762     36,474     (333  36,141  
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total

 (Won)814,124   (Won)(48,746 (Won) 765,378   (Won)751,705   (Won)(41,088 (Won)710,617   (Won)704,866   (Won)(30,139 (Won)674,727    796,826    (123,208 673,618    482,118    (63,235 418,883  
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

1The Company records valuation allowance for inventories when the Company determined that the costs of inventories are not recoverable as these inventories are damaged, as they become wholly or partially obsolete or as the selling prices have declined.
Cost of inventories recognized as expenses for year ended December 31, 2014, amounts to3,683,293 million (2012:4,568,286 million, 2013:3,797,973 million) and reversal of valuation allowance on inventory recognized amounts to59,973 million for year ended December 31, 2014 (2012: valuation loss of23,931 million, 2013:88,946 million).

11.10.    Other Assets and Liabilities

Other assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011, 2010,2014, are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013 2014 

Other assets

       

Advance payments

  (Won)102,140   (Won)141,820   (Won)136,172    134,758   126,674  

Prepaid expenses

   154,955    165,107    218,638     258,387    284,887  

Others

   7,168    6,976    41,896     22,199    10,095  

Less: Non-current

   (52,581  (50,183  (86,053   (75,748  (72,041
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Current

  (Won)211,682   (Won)263,720   (Won)310,653    339,596 349,615
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Other liabilities

       

Advances received

  (Won)178,941   (Won)172,560   (Won)117,178    191,767   193,900  

Withholdings

   43,318    36,971    52,995     129,484    100,345  

Unearned revenue

   27,868    2,054    71,290     27,313    22,208  

Others

   1,323    455    833     1,512    889  

Less: Non-current

   (28,612  (27,212  (32,038   (2,000  (38,590
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Current

  (Won)222,838   (Won)184,828   (Won)210,258    348,076 278,752
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

12.KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

11.    Property, Plant and Equipment

The changes in property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

   2010 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Land  Buildings
and
structures
  Machinery
and
equipment
  Others  Construction
-in-progress
  Total 

Acquisition cost

  (Won)1,202,008   (Won)3,759,859   (Won)31,414,707   (Won)2,351,662   (Won)650,978   (Won)39,379,214  

Accumulated depreciation (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

   (132  (1,037,237  (22,427,855  (1,820,789  (60,623  (25,346,636
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at 1.1.2010

  (Won)1,201,876   (Won)2,722,622   (Won)8,986,852   (Won)530,873   (Won)590,355   (Won)14,032,578  

Acquisition

       913    54,184    71,463    2,594,060    2,720,620  

Disposal

   (19,823  (42,723  (109,038  (45,435      (217,019

Depreciation

       (196,724  (2,565,191  (164,656      (2,926,571

Transfer in (out)

   6,997    125,348    2,199,428    108,388    (2,440,161    

Exclusion in the scope of consolidation

   (1,412  (2,984      (97,376      (101,772

Others

   (59,996  (98,893  (23,363  33,225    39,463    (109,564
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at 12.31.2010

  (Won)1,127,642   (Won)2,507,559   (Won)8,542,872   (Won)436,482   (Won)783,717   (Won)13,398,272  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Acquisition cost

  (Won)1,127,774   (Won)3,675,370   (Won)31,441,259   (Won)1,806,746   (Won)822,637   (Won)38,873,786  

Accumulated depreciation (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

   (132  (1,167,811  (22,898,387  (1,370,264  (38,920  (25,475,514

  2011  2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Land Buildings
and
structures
 Machinery
and
equipment
 Others Construction
-in-progress
 Total  Land Buildings
and

structures
 Machinery
and
equipment
 Others Construction-
in-progress
 Total 

Acquisition cost

  (Won)1,127,774   (Won)3,675,370   (Won)31,441,259   (Won)1,806,746   (Won)822,637   (Won)38,873,786   1,243,388   3,264,020   32,184,133   3,632,642   867,842   41,192,025  

Accumulated depreciation (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

   (132  (1,167,811  (22,898,387  (1,370,264  (38,920  (25,475,514  (132  (1,078,090  (22,331,175  (1,961,444  (14,818  (25,385,659
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balance at 1.1.2011

  (Won)1,127,642   (Won)2,507,559   (Won)8,542,872   (Won)436,482   (Won)783,717   (Won)13,398,272  

Balance at 2013.1.1

  1,243,256    2,185,930    9,852,958    1,671,198    853,024    15,806,366  

Acquisition

   5    3,541    48,258    35,901    3,158,247    3,245,952    2,718    14,178    417,218    1,051,278    2,843,801    4,329,193  

Disposal 1

   (35,475  (104,079  (108,415  (56,414  (363  (304,746

Disposal/Abandonment

  (3,297  (21,448  (173,102  (157,278  (283,677  (638,802

Depreciation

       (146,096  (2,313,287  (165,254      (2,624,637      (112,046  (2,428,859  (553,709      (3,099,738

Transfer in (out)

   3,802    94,763    3,048,999    132,114    (3,279,678      9,671    12,544    2,188,686    104,024    (2,314,925    

Inclusion in scope of consolidation

   115,978    46,445    175,758    28,668    50,424    417,273    42    39    293    9        383  

Exclusion in scope of consolidation

       (6,626  (96,067  (4,662  (32,606  (139,961

Exclusion from scope of consolidation

      (379  (87  (348      (814

Others

   (10,942  (40,097  (76,767  110,327    48,021    30,542    1,090    (18,848  36,618    (13,792  (19,816  (14,748
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balance at 12.31.2011

  (Won)1,201,010   (Won)2,355,410   (Won)9,221,351   (Won)517,162   (Won)727,762   (Won)14,022,695  

Balance at 2013.12.31

 1,253,480   2,059,970   9,893,725   2,101,382   1,078,407   16,386,964  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Acquisition cost

  (Won)1,201,142   (Won)3,570,608   (Won)33,455,278   (Won)1,944,129   (Won)754,648   (Won)40,925,805   1,253,612   3,270,339   32,103,084   4,232,627   1,092,155   41,951,817  

Accumulated depreciation (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

   (132  (1,215,198  (24,233,927  (1,426,967  (26,886  (26,903,110  (132  (1,210,369  (22,209,359  (2,131,245  (13,748  (25,564,853

 

1Land and buildings disposed in connection with the sale and leaseback transactions with K-REALTY CR-REIT were included (Note26).
  2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Land  Buildings
and
structures
  Machinery
and
equipment
  Others  Construction-
in-progress
  Total 

Acquisition cost

 1,253,612    3,270,339    32,103,084    4,232,627    1,092,155    41,951,817  

Accumulated depreciation (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

  (132  (1,210,369  (22,209,359  (2,131,245  (13,748  (25,564,853
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at 2014.1.1

  1,253,480    2,059,970    9,893,725    2,101,382    1,078,407    16,386,964  

Acquisition

      4,293    255,419    1,129,330    2,268,594    3,657,636  

Disposal/Abandonment

  (8,781  (16,972  (171,691  (182,466  (16,759  (396,669

Depreciation

      (105,402  (2,450,216  (635,282      (3,190,900

Transfer in (out)

  24,072    75,422    2,295,290    83,380    (2,478,164    

Inclusion in scope of consolidation

  8,657    4,189    2,921    3,024        18,791  

Exclusion from scope of consolidation

  (4,234  (5,064  (3,462  (2,493      (15,253

Others

  14,495    (7,186  11,683    (1,245  (10,120  7,627  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at 2014.12.31

 1,287,689    2,009,250    9,833,669    2,495,630    841,958    16,468,196  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Acquisition cost

 1,287,821    3,345,587    33,390,640    4,806,849    845,662    43,676,559  

Accumulated depreciation (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

  (132  (1,336,337  (23,556,971  (2,3211,219  (3,704  (27,208,363

Certain landKT Corporation and buildings are pledgedSubsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Details of property, plant and equipment provided as collaterals for borrowings of up to(Won)1,940 millioncollateral as of December 31, 2011 (2010.12.31:(Won)3,498 million, 1.1.2010:(Won)8,300 million).2013 and 2014 are as follows:

   2013

(in millions of Korean won)

  Carrying
amount
   Secured
amount
   Related
line item
   Related
amount
   Secured
party

Buildings

  11,356    7,800     Borrowings    6,000    Shin-Han Bank

Machinery and equipment

   37,248     2,786     Borrowings     2,322    Korea Exchange Bank

   2014

(in millions of Korean won)

  Carrying
amount
   Secured
amount
   Related
line item
   Related
amount
   Secured
party

Land/Buildings

  12,839    12,000     Borrowings    10,000    SC Bank

Buildings

   10,875     7,800     Borrowings     6,000    Hana Bank

The borrowing costs capitalized for qualifying assets amount to(Won)14,67514,493 million (2010:(2013:(Won)17,02420,144 million) in 2011.2014. The interest rate applied to calculate the capitalized borrowing costs in 20112014 is 5.23%3.56% to 6.83%4.05%. (2010: 5.08%(2013: 3.95% to 6.76%4.44%).

13.12.    Investment Property

The changes in investment property for the years ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

    2010  2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Land  Buildings  Total  Land  Buildings  Total 

Acquisition cost

  (Won)260,190   (Won)1,026,880   (Won)1,287,070   (Won)320,739   (Won)1,158,558   (Won)1,479,297  

Accumulated depreciation (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

       (257,052  (257,052      (333,047  (333,047
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Beginning balance

  (Won)260,190   (Won)769,828   (Won)1,030,018   (Won)320,739   (Won)825,511   (Won)1,146,250  

Disposal 1

   (2,952  (5,710  (8,662  (10,660  (27,023  (37,683

Depreciation

       (45,932  (45,932      (47,221  (47,221

Transfer in

   63,501    107,325    170,826    15,079    82,680    97,759  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  (Won)320,739   (Won)825,511   (Won)1,146,250   (Won)325,158   (Won)833,947   (Won)1,159,105  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Acquisition cost

   320,739    1,158,558    1,479,297    325,158    1,195,175    1,520,333  

Accumulated depreciation (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

       (333,047  (333,047      (361,228  (361,228
   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Land  Buildings  Construction-
in-progress
   Total 

Acquisition cost

  335,447   1,022,454       1,357,901  

Accumulated depreciation

       (202,688       (202,688
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Beginning

  335,447   819,766       1,155,213  

Acquisition

   3,053    11,352    3,778     18,183  

Disposal/Abandonment

   (420  (7,657       (8,077

Depreciation

       (47,232       (47,232

Transfer

   (9,116  (3,476       (12,592
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending

  328,964   772,753   3,778    1,105,495  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquisition cost

  328,964   1,015,079   3,778    1,347,821  

Accumulated depreciation

       (242,326       (242,326

 

1Land and buildings disposed in connection with the sale and leaseback transactions with K-REALTY CR-REIT were included (Note26).
   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Land  Buildings  Construction-
in-progress
   Total 

Acquisition cost

   328,964    1,015,079    3,778     1,347,821  

Accumulated depreciation

       (242,326       (242,326
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Beginning

   328,964    772,753    3,778     1,105,495  

Acquisition

       4,443    15,600     20,043  

Disposal/Abandonment

   (1,487  (5,740       (7,227

Depreciation

       (51,446       (51,446

Transfer

   (11,683  4,448         (7,235
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending

   315,794    724,458   19,378     1,059,630  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquisition cost

   315,794    1,003,031   19,378     1,338,203  

Accumulated depreciation

       (278,573       (278,573

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

The buildings mentioned above are depreciated over 10Notes to 40 years using the straight-line method.Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The fair value of investment property is(Won)2,524,0392,277,234 million as of December 31, 2011. (12.31.2010:2014 (2013: (Won)2,207,754 million, 1.1.2010:(Won)2,026,0232,051,183 million). The fair value of investment property is estimated based on the expected cash flow.

Rental income from investment property is(Won)150,752216,976 million in 2011(2010:2013 (2013:(Won)114,779197,673 million) and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property that generated rental income during the period are recognized as operating expenses.

Certain lands and buildings are pledgedDetails of investment property provided as collateral related to the rental contracts up to(Won)70,317million as of December 31, 2011 (12.31.2010:(Won)67,206 million, 1.1.2010: 65,092 million).2013 and 2014, are as follows:

   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Carrying
amount
   Secured
amount
   Collateral for  Amount of deposits
received
 

Land

  23,258    1,484    Deposits received  31,727  

Buildings

   360,489     40,713      

   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Carrying
amount
   Secured
amount
   Collateral for  Amount of deposits
received
 

Land

  10,773    6,773    borrowings  5,210  

Buildings

   345,281     47,350    Deposits received  34,675  

14.13.    Intangible Assets

The changes in intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

  2010   2013 

(in millions of Korean
won)

  Goodwill Industrial
rights
 Development
costs
 Software Frequency
usage
rights
 Others Total   Goodwill Development
costs
 Software Frequency
usage rights
 Others Total 

Acquisition cost

  (Won)91,513   (Won)24,109   (Won)782,749   (Won)390,858   (Won)1,342,023   (Won)357,371   (Won)2,988,623    605,776   1,393,089   614,069   1,924,869   1,013,046   5,550,849  

Accumulated amortization (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

   (7,749  (13,625  (555,155  (225,309  (647,395  (153,696  (1,602,929   (7,749  (764,426  (374,043  (880,511  (310,482  (2,337,211
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balance at 1.1.2010

  (Won)83,764   (Won)10,484   (Won)227,594   (Won)165,549   (Won)694,628   (Won)203,675   (Won)1,385,694  

Acquisition

       738    243,198    63,862        23,556    331,354  

Balance at 2013.1.1

   598,027    628,663    240,026    1,044,358    702,564    3,213,638  

Acquisition 1

   9,272    137,420    87,898    844,462    125,563    1,204,615  

Disposal

           (14,248  (5,788      (4,421  (24,457       (57,956  (5,645      (7,617  (71,218

Amortization

       (1,775  (69,824  (54,507  (115,418  (24,775  (266,299       (155,280  (61,413  (161,226  (100,983  (478,902

Impairment loss

               (2,072      (1,631  (3,703

Changes in scope of Consolidation

           (829  (11      (2,134  (2,974

Impairment

   (12,954  (4,743  (1,019      (17,490  (36,206

Inclusion in scope of consolidation

           501            501  

Exclusion in scope of consolidation

                         

Others

       (143  (889  1,760        (1,423  (695   (2,006  (30  1,968    (388  (4,579  (5,035
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balance at 12.31.2010

  (Won)83,764   (Won)9,304   (Won)385,002   (Won)168,793   (Won)579,210   (Won)192,847   (Won)1,418,920  

Balance at 2013.12.31

  592,339   548,074   262,316   1,727,206   697,458   3,827,393  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Acquisition cost

  (Won)91,513   (Won)24,840   (Won)947,053   (Won)438,302   (Won)1,342,023   (Won)351,630   (Won)3,195,361    610,715   1,359,478   681,176   2,768,943   1,100,540   6,520,852  

Accumulated amortization (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

   (7,749  (15,536  (562,051  (269,509  (762,813  (158,783  (1,776,441   (18,376  (811,404  (418,860  (1,041,737  (403,082  (2,693,459

1The Company had acquired the 1.8GHz frequency amortized during its uselife using the straight-line method.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

  2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Goodwill  Industrial
rights
  Development
costs
  Software  Frequency
usage
rights
  Others 1  Total 

Acquisition cost

 (Won)91,513   (Won)24,840   (Won)947,053   (Won)438,302   (Won)1,342,023   (Won)351,630   (Won)3,195,361  

Accumulated amortization (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

  (7,749  (15,536  (562,051  (269,509  (762,813  (158,783  (1,776,441
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at 1.1.2011

 (Won)83,764   (Won)9,304   (Won)385,002   (Won)168,793   (Won)579,210   (Won)192,847   (Won)1,418,920  

Acquisition

  366,858    116    156,114    100,870    441,485    415,399    1,480,842  

Disposal

      (491  (1,849  (105      (9,444  (11,889

Amortization

      (2,668  (102,806  (54,976  (124,998  (34,427  (319,875

Impairment loss

  (1,227      (430  (297      (593  (2,547

Changes in scope of Consolidation

      42    257    11,467        80,986    92,752  

Others

      (78  (9,660  (1,433      (3,547  (14,718
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at 12.31.2011

 (Won)449,395   (Won)6,225   (Won)426,628   (Won)224,319   (Won)895,697   (Won)641,221   (Won)2,643,485  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Acquisition cost

 (Won)457,630   (Won)18,294   (Won)1,069,158   (Won)555,154   (Won)1,783,508   (Won)867,700   (Won)4,751,444  

Accumulated amortization (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

  (8,235  (12,069  (642,530  (330,835  (887,811  (226,479  (2,107,959
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Goodwill  Development
costs
  Software  Frequency
usage rights
  Others  Total 

Acquisition cost

  610,715   1,359,478   681,176   2,768,943   1,100,540   6,520,852  

Accumulated amortization (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

   (18,376  (811,404  (418,860  (1,041,737  (403,082  (2,693,459
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at 2014.1.1

   592,339    548,074    262,316    1,727,206    697,458    3,827,393  

Acquisition

       286,516    95,781        51,633    433,930  

Disposal

   (1,519  (16,713  (2,205      (6,359  (26,796

Amortization

       (171,817  (101,344  (253,588  (85,669  (612,418

Impairment 1

   (11,693      (5,210  (69,428  (944  (87,275

Inclusion in scope of consolidation

       733    1,363        13,548    15,644  

Exclusion in scope of consolidation

       (3,297  (4,960      (2,052  (10,309

Others

   621    7,191    (2,080      (1,868  3,864  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at 2014.12.31

   579,748    650,687    243,661   1,404,190    665,747    3,544,033  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Acquisition cost

  609,817    1,589,994    747,343    2,768,943    1,154,915    6,871,012  

Accumulated amortization (including accumulated impairment loss and others)

   (30,069  (939,307  (503,682  (1,364,753  (489,168  (3,326,979

 

1Intangible assetsThe Company recognized the impairment loss of KT Skylife Co.,Ltd., Enswers Inc. and BC card co., Ltd, , amounting to(Won)391,40969,428 million measured at fair value in accordance with IFRS 3 “Business Combination”are included. Others also include facilityon 800 Mhz frequency usage rights with indefinite useful life.right considering its recoverable amount.

The carrying value of facility usage rights with indefinite useful life not subject to amortization is(Won)153,797149,832 million (12.31.2010:(2013:(Won)149,847 million, 1.1.2010:(Won)162,556150,654 million) as of December 31, 2011.2014.

Goodwill is allocated to the Company’s cash-generating unit which is identified by operating segments. As of December 31, 2011,2014, goodwill allocated to each cash-generation unit is as follows:

 

Personal(in millions of Korean won)

Customer/Marketing

Wireless business 1

  (Won)65,057  

Finance and Rental

KT Rental 2

131,426

BC Card Co., Ltd. 2

41,234

Others

  

KT Powertel Co.,Ltd.

1,920

BC card co., Ltd

41,234

H&C Network

1,990

KT Music Corporation

6,724

Nasmedia

8,836

KT Skylife Co.,Ltd. Ltd 2

   306,303  

NEXRKT Powertel Co.,Ltd. and others

   3,386

Enswers Inc.

12,425

OIC Korea Co.,Ltd

1,52035,728  
  

 

 

 

Sub-total

384,338

Total

  (Won)449,395579,748  
  

 

 

 

 

1The goodwill from obtainingrecoverable amounts of mobile business are calculated based on value-in use calculations. These calculations use pre-tax cash flow projections for the controlling interest innext four years based on financial budgets approved by management. Cash flow exceeds the financial budgets are estimated by the expected growth rate. This growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate of the industry which the cash-generate unit belongs in. The Company estimated its revenue growth rate based on past performance and its expectation of future market changes.

2

The recoverable amounts of KT FreetelRental, BC Card Co., Ltd., and KT Skylife Co., Ltd. are calculated based on value-in use calculations. These calculations use cash flow projections for the next five years based on financial budgets. Cash flow that exceeds the financial budgets is projected by expected growth rate. This growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate of the industry which the cash-generate unit belongs in. The Company estimated its revenue growth rate based on past performance and its expectation of future market changes. The Company determined cash flow projections based

Goodwill impairment reviews are undertaken annually. The recoverable amounts for some goodwill ofKT Corporation and Subsidiaries

(Won)328,759 million allocatedNotes to others are determined based on the related CGUs’ fair value less costs to sellConsolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and the recoverable amounts of all other CGUs, to which goodwill of(Won)120,636 is allocated, have been determined based on value-in-use calculations. These calculations use pre-tax cash flow projections based on financial budgets approved by management. Cash flows beyond the Company’s financial plan are extrapolated using the estimated growth rates and the growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the business in which the CGU operates.2014

The Company determined the gross margin rate based on past performance and its expectations of market development. The average growth rates used are estimated based on the historical growth rate. In addition, the Company estimated the pre-tax cash flow based on past performance and its expectation of market growth and the discount rates used are pre-tax and reflect specific risks relating to the relevant CGUs.

on past performance and its estimation of market growth. Specific risk of related operating segment is reflected in its discount rate. As a result of the impairment test, there is no impairment loss on goodwill allocated to KT Rental, BC Card Co., Ltd., and KT Skylife Co., Ltd., respectively, as of December 31, 2014.

As a result of the impairment test, the Company recognized the impairment losses of(Won)1,22711,693 million on goodwill allocated to KT EduiInnoedu Co., Ltd. and three other subsidiaries included in the others segment. And recognized the losses as operating expenses in the consolidated statement of the consolidated income. The Company considers that the carrying value of other cash generating units does not exceed the recoverablerecoverable amount of the CGUs other than KT Edui Co., Ltd.CGUs.

15.14.    Investments in Associates and Jointly Controlled Entities and Associates

The changes in investments in jointly controlled entities andDetails of associates for the years endedas of December 31, 2010 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

    12.31.2010 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Beginning   Acquisition
(Disposal)
   Reclassification  Interest in jointly
controlled entities
and associates 3
  Others  Ending 

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

  (Won)24,462    (Won)    (Won)   (Won)2,884   (Won)(518 (Won)26,828  

KT Rental

             162,413    61    9,080    171,554  

KTCS corporation

   16,154              3,369    (388  19,135  

KTIS Corporation

   15,661              4,411    (1,024  19,048  

KT Skylife Co.,Ltd. 1

   15,353     65,296         12,892    215    93,756  

Korea Information & Technology Fund

   115,636              6,914    (508  122,042  

KT-Global New Media Fund

   12,932              (270      12,662  

Company K Movie Asset Fund No.1

   8,806              556        9,362  

Boston Global Film & Contents Fund L.P.

   8,768              54        8,822  

Mongolian Telecommunications

   11,135              (27  1,204    12,312  

Metropol Property LLC

   1,684              253    (266  1,671  

KT wibro infra Co., Ltd.

        65,000         505    (3  65,502  

KTF-CJ Music Contents Investment Fund

   4,954              (3      4,951  

KT-DoCoMo Mobile Investment Fund

   4,473              384        4,857  

Others

   66,046     114,464     (116,176  1,199    26    65,559  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)306,064    (Won)244,760    (Won)46,237   (Won)33,182   (Won)7,818   (Won)638,061  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
(a) Associates

   12.31.2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Beginning   Acquisition
(Disposal)
  Reclassification  Interest in jointly
controlled entities
and associates
3
  Others  Ending 

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

  (Won) 26,828    (Won)   (Won)   (Won) 2,365   (Won)(7 (Won)29,186  

KT Rental

   171,554     (15,849      21,817    (2,287  175,235  

KTCS corporation

   19,135             3,350    (2,158  20,327  

KTIS Corporation

   19,048             3,473    (1,433  21,088  

KT Skylife Co.,Ltd. 1

   93,757         (280,772      187,015      

Korea Information & Technology Fund

   122,041             1,556    (4,106  119,491  

KT-Global New Media
Fund

   12,662             (19      12,643  

Company K Movie Asset Fund No.1

   9,362             231        9,593  

Boston Global Film & Contents Fund L.P

   8,822             (1,287      7,535  

Mongolian Telecommunications

   12,312             409    (1,489  11,232  

Metropol Property LLC

   1,671             137    (62  1,746  

KT wibro infra Co., Ltd.

   65,502             704        66,206  

SMART CHANNEL Co., Ltd. 2

        6,000    500    (3,752      2,748  

Kan Communications Co., Ltd.

        3,000        (184      2,816  

KTF-CJ Music Contents Investment Fund

   4,951             86        5,037  

KT-DoCoMo Mobile Investment Fund

   4,857     (393      (11  (346  4,107  

Others

   65,559     (14,394  32,632    (29,348  (14,255  40,194  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)638,061    (Won)(21,636 (Won)(247,640 (Won)(473 (Won)160,872   (Won)529,184  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

    Percentage of
ownership (%)
  Location  Date of financial
statements

Company

  2013  2014    

ktcs Corporation 1

   17.8     Korea  December 31

ktis Corporation 1

   17.8     Korea  December 31

Korea Information & Technology Fund

   33.3  33.3 Korea  December 31

KT-SB Venture Investment 2

   50.0  50.0 Korea  December 31

Mongolian Telecommunications

   40.0  40.0 Mongolia  December 31

KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.

   26.2  26.2 Korea  December 31

KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund

   49.7  49.7 Korea  December 31

QTT Global (Group) Company Limited

   25.0  25.0 China  December 31

How Smartmall Private Special Asset Investment Trust 3

   80.8  80.8 Korea  December 31

 

1As a result of acquisition of additional interest, the Controlling Company acquired control over KT Skylife Co., Ltd. and the Controlling Company’s previously held equity interest in KT Skylife Co., Ltd. is measured at its fair value at the acquisition date. With regard to this transaction, the Company accounted for the difference ((Won)187,458 million) between the fair value of(Won)280,773 million and carrying value of(Won)93,315 million (including net reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income of(Won)291 million) of the Controlling Company’s previously held equity interest as ‘other operating revenue’ in the statement of income. (Note 37)

2The equity investment in SmartChannel Co., Ltd. amounting(Won)500 million was reclassified from available-for-sale assets to investment in jointly controlled entities and associates in 2011.

3These include the equity in income of jointly controlled entities and associates of(Won)2,701 million (2010:(Won)622 million) recognized as operating revenue and the equity in loss of jointly controlled entities and associates of(Won)136 million (2010:(Won)126 million) recognized as operating expenses.

The summary of financial information of joint ventures and associates as of and for the years ended January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010 and 2011, are as follows:

    1.1.2010 

(In millions of Korean won)

  Location  % of ownership
interest
  Assets   Liabilities 

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

  Domestic   36.92  109,996     43,877  

KTCS corporation

  Domestic   20.06  130,587     48,486  

KTIS Corporation

  Domestic   20.32  126,501     45,990  

KT Skylife Co.,Ltd

  Domestic   26.74  448,079     344,151  

Korea Information & Technology Fund

  Domestic   33.33  346,908       

KT-Global New Media Fund

  Domestic   50.00  26,139     274  

Company K movie asset fund No.1 3

  Domestic   60.00  14,676       

Boston Global Film & Contents Fund L.P

  Domestic   27.69  31,860     195  

Mongolian Telecommunications

  Mongolia   40.00  33,775     6,263  

Metropol Property LLC

  Uzbekistan   34.00  1,951     437  

KTF-CJ Music Contents Investment Fund

  Domestic   50.00  9,959     50  

KT-DoCoMo Mobile Investment Fund

  Domestic   45.00  10,048     107  

Others

      428,198     182,561  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     (Won)1,718,677    (Won)672,391  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

   12.31.2010 

(In millions of Korean won)

 Location % of ownership
interest
  Assets  Liabilities  Operating
revenue
  Net profit
(loss)
 

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

 Domestic  36.92 (Won)106,037   (Won)33,366   (Won)71,153   (Won)8,182  

KT Rental1

 Domestic  58.00  933,556    673,211    378,775    13,797  

KTCS corporation 2

 Domestic  17.05  168,242    53,237    353,950    16,269  

KTIS Corporation 2

 Domestic  17.80  160,555    54,849    349,114    20,536  

KT Skylife Co.,Ltd

 Domestic  37.41  533,246    385,935    431,356    42,956  

Korea Information & Technology Fund

 Domestic  33.33  367,721        28,376    22,014  

KT-Global New Media Fund

 Domestic  50.00  25,356    31        (539

Company K movie asset fund No.1 3

 Domestic  60.00  15,603        1,708    926  

Boston Global Film & Contents Fund L.P.

 Domestic  27.69  32,054    204    995    186  

Monogolian Telecommunications

 Mongolia  40.00  41,074    10,294    19,635    1,363  

Metropol Property LLC

 Uzbekistan  34.00  2,119    273    418    418  

KT wibro infra Co., Ltd

 Domestic  26.22  338,491    88,829    373    1,739  

KTF-CJ Music Contents Investment Fund

 Domestic  50.00  9,903        627    6  

KT-DoCoMo Mobile Investment Fund

 Domestic  45.00  10,944    149    944    854  

Others

    450,294    186,794    746,670    (5,225
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   (Won)3,195,195   (Won)1,487,172   (Won)2,384,094   (Won)123,482  
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(In millions of Korean won)

 12.31.2011 
   Location  % of ownership
interest
  Assets  Liabilities  Operating
revenue
  Net profit
(loss)
 

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

  Domestic    36.92 (Won)127,062   (Won)48,004   (Won)111,453   (Won)6,700  

KT Rental 1

  Domestic    58.00  1,419,392    1,167,454    657,971    27,320  

KTCS corporation 2

  Domestic    17.49  172,267    56,071    380,506    19,922  

KTIS corporation 2

  Domestic    17.80  174,459    56,013    373,397    21,077  

Korea Information & Technology Fund

  Domestic    33.33  358,475        15,630    2,880  

KT-Global New Media Fund

  Domestic    50.00  25,822    535        (38

Company K Movie Asset Fund No.1 3

  Domestic    60.00  15,997    8    2,751    385  

Boston Global Film & Contents Fund L.P.

  Domestic    27.69  27,411    204    933    (4,643

Mongolian Telecommunications

  Mongolia    40.00  28,080        20,747    779  

Metropol Property LLC

  Uzbekistan    34.00  4,075    846    1,512    486  

KT wibro infra Co., Ltd

  Domestic    26.22  257,744    5,220    2,294    2,863  

SMART CHANNEL Co., Ltd 1

  Domestic    65.00  91,383    98,306    9,785    (9,471

Kan Communications Co.,Ltd.

  Domestic    50.00  5,797    167        (369

KTF-CJ Music Contents Investment Fund

  Domestic    50.00  10,076        318    173  

KT-DoCoMo Mobile Investment Fund

  Domestic    45.00  9,286    162    92    (26

Others

    756,795    392,769    417,142    15,990  
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   (Won)3,484,121   (Won)1,825,759   (Won)1,994,531   (Won)84,028  
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

1

As a result of acquisition of additional interest, the Company has 65% of ownership in Smart Channel Co.,Ltd.; however, the entity was classified as an associate and equity-method accounting has been applied as the Company has the significant influence but no control under the arrangement of shareholders. In addition, the Company has 58% of ownership in KT Rental Co.,Ltd.; however, the entity was classified as a joint venture due to exercise of joint control under the arrangement of shareholders.

2

At the end of the reporting period,December 31, 2013, even though the Company has ownership less than 20%, ownership, the equity method of accounting has been applied as it is considered that the Company has the significant influence over the operating and financial policies of thosethese entities.

As the company obtained control over these entities in 2014, these entities was reclassified as subsidiaries.

 

32

At the end of the reporting period, even though the Company has 50% ownership, more than 50%, the equity method of accounting has been applied as it the Company, which is a limited partner of investment fund, cannot participate in determining the operating and financial policies.

3At the end of the reporting period, even though the Company has 80.8% ownership, the equity method of accounting has been applied as the Company, which is a limited partner of investment fund, cannot determine the operating and financial policies without other partner’s consent.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

MarketableDecember 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The changes in investments in joint venturesassociates and associates as of January 1, 2010 andjointly controlled entities for the years ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

  1.1.2010   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Beginning   Acquisition
(Disposal)
 Share in income (loss)
of jointly controlled
entities and associates 1
 Others Ending 

ktcs Corporation

  21,784     —    2,702   (2,306 22,180  

ktis Corporation

   21,870         2,511    (1,053  23,328  

Korea Information & Technology Fund

   121,113         2,910    (241  123,782  

KT-SB Venture Investment

   12,385     3,750    216    (421  15,930  

Mongolian Telecommunications

   9,999         172    (1,475  8,696  

Metropol Property LLC

   1,783         558    (982  1,359  

KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.

   66,741         812        67,553  

KTF-CJ Music Contents Investment Fund

   5,052     (3,561  (1,491        

KT-CKP new media Investment Fund

        2,250    (73      2,177  

QTT Global (Group) Company Limited

   12,949         121    45    13,115  

How Smartmall Private Special Asset Investment Trust

   32,503         2,967    (7,064  28,406  

Others

   73,316     (9,188  (1,183  (5,568  57,377  
  Number of shares   Market Price
per Share
(Korean won)
   Fair Value
(In millions of
Korean won)
   Book Value
(In millions of
Korean won)
   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

   1,617,000    (Won)15,200    (Won)24,578    (Won)24,370  

Mongolian Telecommunications

   10,348,111     1,878     19,434     11,135  

Total

   379,495    (6,749  10,222   (19,065  363,903  
  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

   12.31.2010 
   Number of shares   Market Price
per Share
(Korean won)
   Fair Value
(In millions of
Korean  won)
   Book Value
(In millions of
Korean won)
 

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

   1,617,000    (Won)20,550    (Won)33,229    (Won)26,828  

KTCS Corporation

   8,132,130     2,210     17,972     19,135  

KTIS Corporation

   6,196,190     3,510     21,749     19,048  

Mongolian Telecommunications

   10,348,111     3,413     35,319     12,312  
  2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Beginning  Acquisition
(Disposal)
  Reclassification  Share in income (loss)
of jointly controlled
entities and associates 1
  Others  Ending 

ktcs Corporation 2

  22,180    —   (22,505  1,703   (1,378  —  

ktis Corporation 3

  23,328        (24,343  1,766    (751    

Korea Information & Technology Fund

  123,782            (42  (773  122,967  

KT-SB Venture Investment

  15,930    (1,938      13,302    (4,737  22,557  

Mongolian Telecommunications

  8,696            97    (1,316  7,477  

KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.

  67,553            938        68,491  

KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund

  2,177    2,250        (441      3,986  

QTT Global (Group) Company Limited

  13,115            222    (361  12,976  

How Smartmall Private Special Asset Investment Trust

  28,406            2,747    (3,523  27,630  

Others

  58,736    (12,203      4,069    22,094    72,696  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  363,903   (11,891 (46,848 24,361   9,255    338,780  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

   12.31.2011 
   Number of shares   Market Price
per Share
(Korean won)
   Fair Value
(In millions of
Korean won)
   Book Value
(In millions of
Korean won)
 

KT Submarine Co., Ltd.

   1,617,000    (Won)13,200    (Won)21,344    (Won)29,186  

KTCS Corporation

   8,132,130     2,070     16,834     20,327  

KTIS Corporation

   6,196,190     2,800     17,349     21,088  

Mongolian Telecommunications

   10,348,111     2,268     23,470     11,232  
1KT Capital Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, recognizes its share in income (loss) from jointly controlled entities and associates as operating revenue and expense. These include its share in income of jointly controlled entities and associates of6,605 million (2012:6,591 million, 2013:4,155 million) recognized as operating revenue and its share in loss of jointly controlled entities and associates of442 million (2012:362 million, 2013:534 million) recognized as operating expense.

2As the Company obtained control over the entity in 2014, the entity was reclassified as a subsidiary. As a result of the reclassification, the Company recognized differences of2,469 million between the fair value of22,907 million and the book value of25,376 million (including reclassification adjustment of accumulated other comprehensive income of2,871 million) as operating expenses.

3As the Company obtained control over the entity in 2014, the entity was reclassified as a subsidiary. As a result of the reclassification, the Company recognized differences of4,667 million between the fair value of21,992 million and the book value of26,659 million (including reclassification adjustment of accumulated other comprehensive income of2,316 million) as operating expenses.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The summary of financial information of associates and joint ventures as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, follows:

   2013 

(In millions of Korean won)

  Current
assets
   Non-current
assets
   Current
liabilities
   Non-current
liabilities
 

ktcs corporation

  130,585    50,403    54,115    2,061  

ktis corporation

   140,119     41,733     48,636     2,124  

Korea Information & Technology Fund

   132,143     239,203            

KT-SB Venture Investment

   5,578     26,964     682       

Mongolian Telecommunications

   14,670     12,869     5,798       

Metropol Property LLC

   4,267          3,340       

KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd

   159,309     103,401     5,004     45  

KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund

   1,722     2,666     4       

QTT Global(Group) Company Limited

   20,117     1,310     5,019       

K- Realty CR-REITs No.1

   11,620     484,204     3,534     294,474  

How Smartmall Private Special Asset Investment Trust

   38,374          899       

Others

   79,606     302,427     116,967     62,038  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  738,110    1,265,180    243,998    360,742  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   2013 

(In millions of Korean won)

  Operating
revenue
   Net profit
(loss)
  Other
comprehensive
income(loss)
  Total
comprehensive
income(loss)
  Dividends
received from
associates
 

ktcs Corporation

  396,212    14,480   (4,293  10,187    813  

ktis Corporation

   387,720     13,573    (3,274  10,299    620  

Korea Information & Technology Fund

   17,345     8,730        8,730      

KT-SB Venture Investment

   370     637        637    421  

Mongolian Telecommunications

   10,877     447    (42  405    23  

Metropol Property LLC

   502     133    6    139    911  

KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd

   1,660     3,169        3,169      

KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund

   33     (146      (146    

QTT Global(Group) Company Limited

   21,024     2,105    82    2,187      

K- Realty CR-REITs No.1

   39,064     11,091        11,091    2,521  

How Smartmall Private Special Asset Investment Trust

   3,870     3,673        3,673    3,848  

Others

   371,120     (9,882  (418  (10,300  1,444  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  1,249,797    48,010   (7,939 40,071   10,601  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

   2014 

(In millions of Korean won)

  Current
assets
   Non-current
assets
   Current
liabilities
   Non-current
liabilities
 

Korea Information & Technology Fund

  122,026    246,874          

KT-SB Venture Investment

   22,402     23,368     656       

Mongolian Telecommunications

   12,636     10,648     4,591       

KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.

   205,147     61,068     4,960     40  

KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund

   4,588     3,441     4       

QTT Global(Group) Company Limited

   15,439     414            

K- Realty CR-REITs No.1

   36,017     461,720     6,477     291,583  

How Smartmall Private Special Asset Investment Trust

   37,412          875       

Others

   321,497     188,435     144,915     118,904  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  777,164    995,968    162,478    410,527  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

   2014 

(In millions of Korean won)

  Operating
revenue
   Net profit
(loss)
  Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
  Total
comprehensive
income (loss)
  Dividends
received from
associates
 

Korea Information & Technology Fund

  10,411    (128 (835 (963 494  

KT-SB Venture Investment

   1,056     26,603        26,603    4,238  

Mongolian Telecommunications

   8,745     242        242      

KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.

   1,237     3,555        3,555      

KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund

   89     (888  80    (808    

QTT Global(Group) Company Limited

   9,462     887    (156  731      

K-Realty CR-REITs No.1

   39,233     17,822        17,822    2,394  

How Smartmall Private Special Asset Investment Trust

   3,580     3,401        3,401    2,767  

Others

   463,322     (13,134  (2,754  (15,888  7,738  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  537,135    38,360   (3,665 34,695   17,631  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Details of a reconciliation of the summarized financial information to the carrying amount of interests in the associates and joint ventures as of and for the years end December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

  2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Net assets  Percentage
of
ownership
  Share in net
assets
  Goodwill  Intercompany
transaction
and others
  Book value 

ktcs Corporation

 124,812    17.8 22,217      (37 22,180  

ktis Corporation

  131,092    17.8  23,340        (12  23,328  

Korea Information & Technology Fund

  371,346    33.3  123,782            123,782  

KT-SB Venture Investment

  31,860    50.0  15,930            15,930  

Mongolian Telecommunications

  21,741    40.0  8,696            8,696  

Metropol Property LLC

  927    34.0  315    1,044        1,359  

KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund

  4,384    49.7  2,177            2,177  

QTT Global(Group) Company Limited

  16,408    25.0  4,102    9,013        13,115  

KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.

  257,661    26.2  67,553            67,553  

How Smartmall Private Special Asset Investment Trust

  37,475    80.8  30,269        (1,863  28,406  

  2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Net assets  Percentage
of
ownership
  Share in net
assets
  Goodwill  Intercompany
transaction
and others
  Book value 

Korea Information & Technology Fund

 368,900    33.3 122,967         122,967  

KT-SB Venture Investment

  45,114    50.0  22,557            22,557  

Mongolian Telecommunications

  18,693    40.0  7,477            7,477  

KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.

  261,215    26.2  68,491            68,491  

KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund

  8,025    49.7  3,986            3,986  

QTT Global (Group) Company Limited

  15,853    25.0  3,963    9,013        12,976  

How Smartmall Private Special Asset Investment Trust

  36,537    80.8  29,511        (1,881  27,630  

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Marketable investments in associates and joint ventures as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

   2013 
   Number of
shares
   Book Value
(In millions of
Korean won)
   Fair Value
(In millions of
Korean won)
 

ktcs Corporation

   8,132,130    22,180    28,218  

ktis Corporation

   6,196,190     23,328     31,539  

Mongolian Telecommunications

   10,348,111     8,696     10,083  

   2014 
   Number of
shares
   Book Value
(In millions of
Korean won)
   Fair Value
(In millions of
Korean won)
 

Mongolian Telecommunications

   10,348,111    7,477    8,247  

The Company has not recognized loss from associates and jointly controlled entities of11,425 million for the year (2012:7,308 million, 2013:17,428 million). The accumulated comprehensive loss of joint ventures and associates as of December 31, 20112014, which was not recognized by the Company is(Won)22,00450,996 million (2010.12.31(2012:(Won) 9,857million, 2010.1.1 2010.12.3122,143 million, 2013:(Won) 23,91539,571 million).

The following equity securities owned by the Company are pledged as collaterals for Investees’the investee’s borrowings.

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  

Investee company

  Amount 

Investments in associatesassociate

  SmartChannelSmart Channel Co., Ltd. (formerly, Media Plus Co., Ltd.)  (Won)6,500  

16.15.    Trade and other payables

The Company’s trade and other payables as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011 

Current liabilities

      

Trade payables

  (Won)1,492,503    (Won)1,523,983    (Won)1,635,361  

Other payables

   3,795,555     2,900,215     4,255,064  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   5,288,058    (Won)4,424,198    (Won)5,890,425  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

      

Trade payables

   14,602    (Won)41,186    (Won)24,222  

Other payables

   281,019     340,321     627,491  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)295,621    (Won)381,507    (Won)651,713  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  2013   2014 

Current liabilities

    

Trade payables

  1,716,686    1,200,032  

Other payables

   5,697,137     5,208,079  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  7,413,823    6,408,111  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

    

Trade payables

  10,430    6,457  

Other payables

   1,048,454     902,735  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  1,058,884    909,192  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Details of other payables as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 31.12.2011   2013 2014 

Non-trade payables 1

  (Won)2,449,146   (Won)1,513,325   (Won)3,214,585    4,469,781   3,768,923  

Accrued expenses

   628,263    716,316    543,972     937,307    949,392  

Operating deposits

   755,568    738,091    764,660     863,494    886,165  

Others

   243,597    272,804    359,338     475,009    506,334  

(non-current)

   (281,109  (340,321  (627,491

Less: non-current

   (1,048,454  (902,735
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Current

  (Won)3,795,555   (Won)2,900,215   (Won)4,255,064    5,697,137   5,208,079  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

 

1Settlement payables of BC card Co,.Card Co., Ltd. of(Won) 997,9151,331,249 million related to credit card transactiontransactions included as of December 31, 2011.2014 (2013:1,725,396 million).

17.KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

16.    Bonds Payable and Borrowings

Details of bonds payable and borrowings as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

Bonds Payable

 

(in millions of Korean won and
thousands of foreign currencies)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Type

 Maturity  Annual
interest
rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
 

MTNP notes 1

  06.24.2014    5.88  USD 600,000   (Won)700,560    USD 600,000   (Won)683,340    USD 600,000   (Won)691,980  

MTNP notes 1

  09.07.2034    6.50  USD 100,000    116,760    USD 100,000    113,890    USD 100,000    115,330  

MTNP notes 1

  07.14.2015    4.88  USD 400,000    467,040    USD 400,000    455,560    USD 400,000    461,320  

MTNP notes 1

  05.03.2016    5.88  USD 200,000    233,520    USD 200,000    227,780    USD 200,000    230,660  

MTNP notes

  04.11.2012    5.13  USD 200,000    233,520    USD 200,000    227,780    USD 200,000    230,660  

The 170th Public bond

  01.11.2011        JPY12,500,000    157,853    JPY12,500,000    174,635          

The 172-1st Public bond

  03.31.2011        USD 50,000    58,380    USD 50,000    56,945          

The 172-2nd Public bond 2

  03.31.2012    

 

LIBOR(3M)+

1.60%

  

  

  USD 110,000    128,436    USD 110,000    125,279    USD 110,000    126,863  

FR notes 2

  09.11.2013    

 

LIBOR(3M)+

1.50%

  

  

  USD 200,000    233,520    USD 200,000    227,780    USD 200,000    230,660  

FR notes 2

  04.09.2013    

 

LIBOR(3M)+

0.47%

  

  

          USD 100,000    113,890    USD 100,000    115,330  

The 178-1st Public bond 2

  01.18.2013    

 

LIBOR(3M)+

1.00%

  

  

                  USD 100,000    115,330  

The 178-2nd Public bond2

  01.17.2014    

 

LIBOR(3M)+

1.05%

  

  

                  USD 100,000    115,330  

MTNP notes

  01.25.2013    1.58%                    JPY 35,000,000    519,806  

The 49th Public bond

  02.25.2011        USD 175,000    204,330    USD 175,000    199,308          

The 50th Public bond

  04.28.2011        JPY 7,000,000    88,397    JPY 7,000,000    97,795          

The 51-1st Public bond

  06.20.2011        USD 95,000    110,922    USD 95,000    108,196          

(in millions of Korean won and thousands of foreign
currencies)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Type

 Maturity  Annual
interest
rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
 

The 132nd Public bond

  02.09.2011            70,000        70,000          

The 159th Public bond

  10.27.2013    5.39      300,000        300,000        300,000  

The 160th Public bond

  11.24.2010            200,000                  

The 161st Public bond

  12.23.2010            230,000                  

The 162nd Public bond

  02.27.2011            320,000        320,000          

The 163rd Public bond

  03.30.2014    5.51      170,000        170,000        170,000  

The 164th Public bond

  06.21.2011            260,000        260,000          

The 165-1st Public bond

  08.26.2011            130,000        130,000          

The 165-2nd Public bond

  08.26.2014    4.44      140,000        140,000        140,000  

The 166-1st Public bond

  03.21.2010            220,000                  

The 166-2nd Public bond

  03.21.2012    4.57      100,000        100,000        100,000  

The 167-1st Public bond

  04.20.2012    4.59      100,000        100,000        100,000  

The 167-2nd Public bond

  04.20.2015    4.84      100,000        100,000        100,000  

The 168-1st Public bond

  06.21.2012    4.43      240,000        240,000        240,000  

The 168-2nd Public bond

  06.21.2015    4.66      90,000        90,000        90,000  

The 169th Public bond

  04.03.2012    5.01      140,000        140,000        140,000  

The 171st Public bond

  02.28.2013    5.41      100,000        100,000        100,000  

The 173-1st Public bond

  08.06.2013    6.49      100,000        100,000        100,000  

The 173-2nd Public bond

  08.06.2018    6.62      100,000        100,000        100,000  

The 174-1st Public bond

  12.19.2010            100,000                  

The 174-2nd Public bond

  12.19.2011            130,000        130,000          

The 175-1st Public bond

  02.27.2012    4.80      40,000        40,000        40,000  

The 175-2nd Public bond

  02.27.2014    5.47      360,000        360,000        360,000  

The 176-1st Public bond

  05.28.2012    4.37      100,000        100,000        100,000  

The 176-2nd Public bond

  05.28.2014    5.06      170,000        170,000        170,000  

The 176-3rd Public bond

  05.28.2016    5.24      260,000        260,000        260,000  

The 177-1st Public bond

  02.09.2013    4.86              240,000        240,000  

The 177-2nd Public bond

  02.09.2015    5.26              190,000        190,000  

The 177-3rd Public bond

  02.09.2017    5.38              170,000        170,000  

The 179th Public bond

  03.29.2018    4.47                      260,000  

The 180-1st Public bond

  04.26.2016    4.35                      210,000  

The 180-2nd Public bond

  04.26.2021    4.71                    �� 380,000  

The 47-2nd Public bond

  07.12.2011            70,000        70,000          

The 48th Public bond

  02.15.2010            200,000                  

The 51-2nd Public bond

  06.20.2013    6.41      70,000        70,000        70,000  

The 52-1st Private bond

  08.04.2011            100,000        100,000          

The 52-2nd Public bond

  08.04.2013    6.64      100,000        100,000        100,000  

The 53-1st Public bond

  12.01.2010            20,000                  

The 53-2nd Public bond

  12.01.2011            180,023        181,213          

The 181-1st Public bond

  08.26.2016    3.94                      260,000  

The 181-2nd Public bond

  08.26.2018    3.99                      90,000  

The 181-3rd Public bond

  08.26.2021    4.09                      250,000  

The 182-1st Public bond

  10,28.2016    4.11                      320,000  

The182-2nd Public bond

  10.28.2021    4.31                      100,000  

The 183-1st Public bond

  12.22.2016    3.81                      50,000  

The 183-2nd Public bond

  12.22.2021    4.09                      90,000  

The 183-3rd Public bond

  12.22.2031    4.27                      160,000  

The 24th Public bond

  04.17.2010            10,000                  

The 25th Public bond

  07.24.2011            5,000        5,000          

The 26th Public bond

  04.19.2013    5.15              10,000        10,000  

The 27th Public bond

  07.25.2014    5.04                      5,000  

The 19-2nd Public bond

  05.10.2010            10,000                  

The 10th Public bond

  06.18.2010            40,000                  

The 11st Private bond

  12.06.2010            20,000                  

The 12nd Public bond

  05.23.2011            20,000                  

The 13-2nd Public bond

  04.02.2010            10,000                  

The 14th Public bond

  01.08.2012            30,000                  

(in millions of Korean won and thousands of foreign
currencies)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Type

 Maturity  Annual
interest rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
 

The 15th Public bond

  10.26.2011            30,000                  

The 16th Public bond

  11.27.2012            30,000                  

The 1st Private bond

  03.16.2010            30,000                  

The 2nd Private bond

  04.16.2010            20,000                  

The 4th Public bond

  05.30.2010            40,000                  

The 5th Private bond

  06.29.2010            20,000                  

The 6-2nd Public bond

  08.03.2010            30,000                  

The 7-2nd Public bond

  08.31.2010            20,000                  

The 8th Private bond

  09.28.2010            30,000                  

The 9-2nd Public bond

  10.18.2010            20,000                  

The 11st Public bond

  12.27.2010            20,000                  

The 13-1st Public bond

  02.21.2010            30,000                  

The 13-2nd Public bond

  02.21.2011            30,000        30,000          

The 14-1st Public bond

  03.28.2010            10,000                  

The 14-2nd Public bond

  03.28.2011            10,000        10,000          

The 15th Private bond

  04.21.2010            20,000                  

The 16-1st Public bond

  01.30.2010            60,000                  

The 16-2nd Public bond

  04.30.2011            10,000        10,000          

The 17-3rd Public bond

  05.30.2013    7.14      50,000        50,000        50,000  

The 18-2nd Public bond

  06.23.2010            40,000                  

The 18-3rd Public bond

  06.23.2011            20,000        20,000          

The 18-4th Public bond

  06.23.2013    7.55      10,000        10,000        10,000  

The 19-2nd Public bond

  03.11.2010            10,000                  

The 19-3rd Public bond

  09.11.2010            20,000                  

The 19-4st Public bond

  09.11.2010            10,000                  

The 22-1st Public bond

  07.23.2010            10,000                  

The 22-2nd Public bond

  01.23.2011            35,000        35,000          

The 22-3rd Public bond

  01.23.2012    8.95      25,000        25,000        25,000  

The 23th Public bond

  05.29.2011            20,000        20,000          

The 24th Public bond

  06.29.2012    6.28      30,000        30,000        30,000  

The 25-1st Public bond

  07.30.2011            20,000        20,000          

The 25-2nd Public bond

  07.30.2012    6.20      25,000        25,000        25,000  

The 26th Public bond

  08.27.2012    6.33      50,000        50,000        50,000  

The 27th Private bond

  09.04.2012    6.33      10,000        10,000        10,000  

The 28-1st Public bond

  11.12.2011            20,000        20,000          

The 28-2nd Public bond

  11.12.2012    6.08      30,000        30,000        30,000  

The 29-1st Public bond

  11.30.2011            10,000        10,000          

The 29-2nd Public bond

  11.30.2012    6.00      40,000        40,000        40,000  

The 30-1st Public bond

  06.23.2011            10,000        10,000          

The 30-2nd Public bond

  12.23.2011            10,000        10,000          

The 30-3rd Public bond

  12.23.2012    5.95      10,000        10,000        10,000  

The 31st Public bond

  12.31.2012    5.98      10,000        10,000        10,000  

The 32-1st Public bond

  01.22.2012    5.65              10,000        10,000  

The 32-2nd Public bond

  01.22.2013    5.95              50,000        50,000  

The 32-3rd Public bond

  01.22.2015    6.70              30,000        30,000  

The 33rd Public bond

  02.11.2015    6.45              50,000        50,000  

The 34-1st Public bond

  02.26.2012    5.30              30,000        30,000  

The 34-2nd Public bond

  02.26.2013    5.60              10,000        10,000  

The 35-1st Public bond

  03.22.2012    4.65              20,000        20,000  

The 35-2nd Public bond

  03.22.2013    5.05              30,000        30,000  

The 36-1st Public bond2

  04.30.2012    CD(91D)+ 1.09              20,000        20,000  

The 36-2nd Public bond

  04.30.2013    4.75              30,000        30,000  

The 36-3rd Public bond

  04.30.2015    5.65              20,000        20,000  

The 37-1st Public bond

  12.30.2011                    10,000          

The 37-2nd Public bond

  06.30.2012    5.13              10,000        10,000  

The 37-3rd Public bond

  06.30.2013    5.45              20,000        20,000  

(in millions of Korean won and thousands of
foreign currencies)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Type

 Maturity  Annual
interest
rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
 

The 37-4th Public bond

  06.30.2014    5.85%                10,000        10,000  

The 38-1st Public bond

  01.19.2012    4.80%                30,000        30,000  

The 38-2nd Public bond

  07.19.2012    5.08%                30,000        30,000  

The 38-3rd Public bond

  07.19.2014    5.85%                10,000        10,000  

The 39th Public bond

  07.30.2013    5.35%                30,000        30,000  

The 40-1st Public bond

  05.10.2012    4.69%                40,000        40,000  

The 40-2nd Public bond

  08.10.2013    5.33%                20,000        20,000  

The 40-3rd Public bond

  08.10.2015    5.95%                20,000        20,000  

The 41-1st Public bond

  09.17.2012    4.22%                30,000        30,000  

The 41-2nd Public bond

  09.17.2013    4.63%                20,000        20,000  

The 41-3rd Public bond

  09.17.2014    5.10%                10,000        10,000  

The 42-1st Public bond

  11.22.2013    4.62%                30,000        30,000  

The 42-2nd Public bond

  11.22.2014    5.10%                20,000        20,000  

The 42-3rd Public bond

  11.22.2015    5.44%                10,000        10,000  

The 43-1st Public bond

  01.28.2014    5.05%                        40,000  

The 43-2nd Public bond

  01.28.2015    5.32%                        10,000  

The 43-3rd Private bond

  01.28.2016    5.75%                        30,000  

The 44-1st Public bond

  10.28.2012    4.30%                        30,000  

The 44-2nd Public bond

  04.28.2013    4.53%                        30,000  

The 44-3rd Public bond

  10.28.2013    4.76%                        20,000  

The 45th Public bond

  05.18.2014    4.80%                        30,000  

The 46-1st Public bond

  02.26.2013    4.10%                        20,000  

The 46-2nd Public bond

  05.26.2014    4.50%                        40,000  

The 46-3rd Public bond

  05.26.2015    4.71%                        20,000  

The 46-4th Public bond

  05.26.2016    4.90%                        20,000  

The 47th Public bond

  06.23.2014    4.50%                        30,000  

The 48th Public bond

  08.11.2016    4.71%                        10,000  

The 49th Public bond2

  08.23.2014    
 
CD(91D)+
0.93%
  
  
                      20,000  

The 50-1st Public bond

  03.21.2013    4.30%                        20,000  

The 50-2nd Public bond

  09.21.2016    4.87%                        5,000  

The 51-1st Public bond

  09.30.2014    4.69%                        10,000  

The 51-2nd Public bond

  09.30.2016    4.92%                        20,000  

The 52-1st Public bond

  10.11.2013    4.49%                        10,000  

The 52-2nd Public bond 2

  10.11.2014    
 
CD(91D)+
1.10%
  
  
                      10,000  

The 53rd Public bond

  10.17.2013    4.39%                        20,000  

The 54th Public bond

  10.28.2014    4.64%                        10,000  

The 55-1st Public bond

  11.16.2014    4.46%                        40,000  

The 55-2nd Public bond

  11.16.2015    4.56%                        20,000  

The 55-3rd Public bond

  11.16.2016    4.74%                        5,000  

The 56th Public bond

  12.13.2014    4,18%                        35,000  

Unsecured private convertible bond

  01.20.2016    2.00%                        15,000  

The 14-2nd unsecured bond

  05.22.2012    6.00%                        50,000  

The 15th unsecured bond

  06.22.2012    5.90%                        50,000  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock

  12.17.2013    10.27%                        950  

The 1st unsecured redeemable convertible preferred stock

  12.30.2014    3.00%                        2,000  

The 1st private bond

  03.24.2010            40,000                  

The A Redeemable convertible preferred stock

  08.14.2018    5.00%                        1,927  

(in millions of Korean won and thousands of
foreign currencies)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Type

 Maturity  Annual
interest
rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
 

The B Redeemable convertible preferred stock

  11.24.2019    5.00                      634  

The C Redeemable convertible preferred stock

  11.30.2021        5.00          —                —                —    9,987  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    (Won)8,913,261    (Won)8,603,391    (Won)10,133,767  

Less:Current portion

     (1,540,000   (2,108,092   (1,657,524

Discount on bonds

     (36,056   (27,841   (31,104

Conversion right adjustment

               (3,026

Premium on bonds redemption

               1,750  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net

    (Won)7,337,205    (Won)6,467,458    (Won)8,443,863  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won and
thousands of foreign currencies)

  2013  2014 

Type

 

Maturity

 Annual interest
rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean won  Foreign
currency
  Korean won 

MTNP notes1

      USD600,000   633,180         

MTNP notes1

 Sep 07, 2034  6.50 USD100,000    105,530   USD100,000    109,920  

MTNP notes1

 Jul 15, 2015  4.88 USD400,000    422,120   USD400,000    439,680  

MTNP notes1

 May 03, 2016  5.88 USD200,000    211,060   USD200,000    219,840  

Reg S bonds

 Jan 20, 2017  3.88 USD350,000    369,355   USD350,000    384,720  

FR notes 2

 Aug 28, 2018  LIBOR(3M)+1.15 USD300,000    316,590   USD300,000    329,760  

FR notes

 Apr 22, 2017  1.75         USD650,000    714,480  

FR notes

 Apr 22, 2019  2.63         USD350,000    384,720  

Japanese yen bonds

 Jan 29, 2015  0.59 JPY5,000,000    50,233   JPY5,000,000    46,007  

Japanese yen bonds

 Jan 29, 2016  0.70 JPY18,200,000    182,848   JPY18,200,000    167,465  

Japanese yen bonds

 Jan 29, 2018  0.86 JPY6,800,000    68,317   JPY6,800,000    62,570  

The 163rd Public bond

           170,000          

The 165-2nd Public bond

           140,000          

The 167-2nd Public bond

 Apr 20, 2015  4.84      100,000        100,000  

The 168-2nd Public bond

 Jun 21, 2015  4.66      90,000        90,000  

 

(in millions of Korean won and

thousands of foreign currencies)

  2013  2014 

Type

 

Maturity

 Annual interest
rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean won  Foreign
currency
  Korean won 

The 173-2nd Public bond

 Aug 06, 2018  6.62      100,000        100,000  

The 175-2nd Public bond

           360,000          

The 176-2nd Public bond

           170,000          

The 176-3rd Public bond

 May 28, 2016  5.24      260,000        260,000  

The 177-2nd Public bond

 Feb 09, 2015  5.26      190,000        190,000  

The 177-3rd Public bond

 Feb 09, 2017  5.38      170,000        170,000  

The 178-2nd Public bond

      USD 100,000    105,530          

The 179th Public bond

 Mar 29, 2018  4.47      260,000        260,000  

The 180-1st Public bond

 Apr 26, 2016  4.35      210,000        210,000  

The 180-2nd Public bond

 Apr 26, 2021  4.71      380,000        380,000  

The 181-1st Public bond

 Aug 26, 2016  3.94      260,000        260,000  

The 181-2nd Public bond

 Aug 26, 2018  3.99      90,000        90,000  

The 181-3rd Public bond

 Aug 26, 2021  4.09      250,000        250,000  

The 182-1st Public bond

 Oct 28, 2016  4.11      320,000        320,000  

The 182-2nd Public bond

 Oct 28, 2021  4.31      100,000        100,000  

The 183-1st Public bond

 Dec 22, 2016  3.81      50,000        50,000  

The 183-2nd Public bond

 Dec 22, 2021  4.09      90,000        90,000  

The 183-3rd Public bond

 Dec 22, 2031  4.27      160,000        160,000  

The 184-1st Public bond

 Apr 10, 2018  2.74      120,000        120,000  

The 184-2nd Public bond

 Apr 10, 2023  2.95      190,000        190,000  

The 184-3rd Public bond

 Apr 10, 2033  3.17      100,000        100,000  

The 185-1st Public bond

 Sep 16, 2018  3.46      200,000        200,000  

The 185-2nd Public bond

 Sep 16, 2020  3.65      300,000        300,000  

The 186-1st Public bond

 Jun 26, 2017  2.86              120,000  

The 186-2nd Public bond

 Jun 26, 2019  3.08              170,000  

The 186-3rd Public bond

 Jun 26, 2024  3.42              110,000  

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(in millions of Korean won and

thousands of foreign currencies)

  2013  2014 

Type

 

Maturity

 Annual interest
rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean won  Foreign
currency
  Korean won 

The 186-4th Public bond

 Jun 26, 2034  3.70              100,000  

The 187-1st Public bond

 Sep 02, 2017  2.69              110,000  

The 187-2nd Public bond

 Sep 02, 2019  2.97              220,000  

The 187-3rd Public bond

 Sep 02, 2024  3.31              170,000  

The 187-4th Public bond

 Sep 02, 2034  3.55              100,000  

The 32-3rd Public bond

 Jan 22, 2015  6.70      30,000        30,000  

Asset backed short-term bond

           10,000          

The 33rd Public bond

 Feb 11, 2015  6.45      50,000        50,000  

The 36-3rd Public bond

 Apr 30, 2015  5.65      20,000        20,000  

The 37-4th Public bond

           10,000          

The 38-3rd Public bond

           10,000          

The 40-3rd Public bond

 Aug 10, 2015  5.95      20,000        20,000  

The 41-3rd Public bond

           10,000          

The 42-2nd Public bond

           20,000          

The 42-3rd Public bond

 Nov 22, 2015  5.44      10,000        10,000  

The 43-1st Public bond

           40,000          

The 43-2nd Public bond

 Jan 28, 2015  5.32      10,000        10,000  

The 43-3rd Public bond

 Jan 28, 2016  5.75      30,000        30,000  

The 45th Private bond

           30,000          

The 46-2nd Public bond

           40,000          

The 46-3rd Public bond

 May 26, 2015  4.71      20,000        20,000  

The 46-4th Public bond

 May 26, 2016  4.90      20,000        20,000  

The 47th Public bond

           30,000          

The 48th Public bond

 Aug 11, 2016  4.71      10,000        10,000  

The 49th Public bond

           20,000          

The 50-2nd Public bond

 Sep 21, 2016  4.87      5,000        5,000  

The 51-1st Public bond

           10,000          

The 51-2nd Public bond

 Sep 30, 2016  4.92      20,000        20,000  

The 52-2nd Public bond

           10,000          

The 54th Public bond

           10,000          

The 55-1st Public bond

           40,000          

The 55-2nd Public bond

 Nov 16, 2015  4.56      20,000        20,000  

The 55-3rd Public bond

 Nov 16, 2016  4.74      5,000        5,000  

The 56th Public bond

           35,000          

The 57-1st Public bond

           50,000          

The 57-2nd Public bond

 Jan 05, 2016  4.44      20,000        20,000  

The 57-3rd Public bond

 Jan 05, 2017  4.61      30,000        30,000  

The 58-1st Public bond

           30,000          

The 58-2nd Public bond

 Jul 10, 2015  4.37      20,000        20,000  

The 59-1st Public bond

 May 25, 2015  3.78      20,000        20,000  

The 59-2nd Public bond

 May 25, 2016  3.87      20,000        20,000  

The 59-3rd Public bond

 May 25, 2017  4.03      40,000        40,000  

The 60th Public bond 2

 Jul 13, 2015  CD(91D)+0.39      40,000        40,000  

The 61st Public bond

 Sep 22, 2017  3.65      45,000        45,000  

The 62-1st Public bond

 Aug 27, 2015  3.19      20,000        20,000  

The 62-2nd Public bond

 Oct 11, 2017  3.43      50,000        50,000  

The 63rd Public bond

 Sep 27, 2017  3.44      40,000        40,000  

The 64-1st Public bond

 Oct 29, 2015  3.26      20,000        20,000  

The 64-2nd Public bond

 Dec 21, 2017  3.46      50,000        50,000  

The 65th Public bond

 Mar 22, 2018  3.47      55,000        55,000  

The 66th Public bond

 Apr 02, 2018  3.52      54,000        54,000  

The 67-1st Public bond

 Mar 22, 2017  3.00      30,000        30,000  

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(in millions of Korean won and

thousands of foreign currencies)

  2013  2014 

Type

 

Maturity

 Annual interest
rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean won  Foreign
currency
  Korean won 

The 67-2nd Public bond

 Mar 22, 2018  3.10      40,000        40,000  

The 67-3rd Public bond

 Mar 22, 2020  3.37      20,000        20,000  

The 68-1st Public bond

 Apr 30, 2016  2.85      40,000        40,000  

The 68-2nd Public bond

 Apr 30, 2017  2.92      10,000        10,000  

The 69-1st Public bond

           20,000          

The 69-2nd Public bond 2

 Jun 27, 2016  CD(91D)+0.43      20,000        20,000  

The 69-3rd Public bond

 Jun 27, 2018  3.81      20,000        20,000  

The 70-1st Public bond

 Oct 28, 2016  3.29      40,000        40,000  

The 70-2nd Public bond

 Oct 28, 2018  3.63      10,000        10,000  

The 71-1st Public bond

 Nov 29, 2016  3.46      10,000        10,000  

The 71-2nd Public bond

 Nov 29, 2020  4.14      30,000        30,000  

The 72-1st Public bond

 Dec 23, 2015  3.18      10,000        10,000  

The 72-2nd Public bond

 Dec 23, 2016  3.41      30,000        30,000  

The 73-1st Public bond

 Mar 17, 2016  2.73              30,000  

The 73-2nd Public bond

 Sep 17, 2017  3.16              20,000  

The 74 Public bond

 Oct 02, 2017  2.97              50,000  

The 75-1st Public bond

 Nov 23, 2015  2.65              50,000  

The 75-2nd Public bond

 Nov 21, 2017  2.94              50,000  

Asset backed short-term bond

           10,000          

Asset backed short-term bond

           10,000          

Asset backed short-term bond

           10,000          

Asset backed short-term bond

 Feb 27, 2015  2.66              25,000  

Asset backed short-term bond

 Jan 13, 2015  2.70              10,000  

Unsecured private convertible bond 3

 Jan 20, 2016  2.00      15,000        15,000  

Unsecured public bond in won

 Jan 24, 2016  3.43      30,000        30,000  

The 16th unsecured bond

 Apr 23, 2015  3.80      80,000        80,000  

The 1st convertible preferred stock

           2,000          

The 2nd convertible preferred stock 3

 Oct 17, 2015                  2,100  

The 2nd unsecured convertible bond3

 Sep 30, 2018  2.00      179        179  

The 32-1st Public bond

 Nov 20, 2015  3.19      100,000        100,000  

The 32-2nd Public bond

 Nov 20, 2017  3.33      100,000        100,000  

The 33rd Public bond

 Mar 21, 2018  3.26      53,000        53,000  

The 28-1st Public bond

           50,000          

The 28-2nd Public bond

 Apr 05, 2016  5.25      65,000        65,000  

The 29th Public bond

 Sep 05, 2016  4.85      45,000        45,000  

The 30th Public bond

           90,000          

The 31-1st Public bond

 Jun 15, 2015  3.73      100,000        100,000  

The 31-2nd Public bond

 Jun 15, 2017  3.98      100,000        100,000  

The 34th Public bond

 Mar 21, 2018  3.21      54,000        54,000  

The 35th Public bond

           50,000          

The 36th Public bond

 Jun 21, 2018  2.92      50,000        50,000  

The 37th Public bond

 Jun 21, 2018  2.98      50,000        50,000  

The 38-1st Public bond

 Nov 20, 2015  3.13      40,000        40,000  

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(in millions of Korean won and

thousands of foreign currencies)

  2013  2014 

Type

 

Maturity

 Annual interest
rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean won  Foreign
currency
  Korean won 

The 38-2nd Public bond

 Nov 20, 2016  3.39      60,000        60,000  

The 39-1st Public bond

 Aug 28, 2017  3.05              150,000  

The 39-2nd Public bond

 Aug 28, 2019  3.41              50,000  

The 40-1st Public bond

 Oct 31, 2017  2.62              50,000  

The 40-2nd Public bond

 Oct 31, 2019  2.94              50,000  

The 8th unsecured convertible bond

           19,052          

The 27th Public bond

           5,000          
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
  10,011,994     10,532,441  

Less: Current portion

  

  (2,185,017   (1,597,732

Discount on bonds

  

  (22,350   (28,258

Conversion right adjustment

  

  3,566     1,483  

Add: Premium on bonds redemption

  

  (3,987   12  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
 7,804,206    8,907,946  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

1 

As of December 31, 2011,2014, the Controlling Company has outstanding notes issued byin the Company amount toof USD 1,300700 million with fixed interest rates under Medium Term Note Program (“MTNP”) listedregistered in the Singapore Stock Exchange, which allowed issuance of notes of up to USD 2,000 million. However, thisthe MTN Program has not been validsuspended since 2007.

 

2

Libor (3M) and CD (91D) are approximately 0.580.255 % and 3.522.130 %, respectively, as of December 31, 2011.2014.

3

At the end of the reporting period, the terms and conditions of the convertible bonds are as follows:

   Issuers 

Type

  KT Telecop Co., Ltd.  GREEN CAR Co., Ltd
(formerly GREEN  POINT)
  Enswers Inc. 

Issue date

   Jan 20, 2011    Oct 1, 2013    Apr 18, 2014  

Issue price

  15,000 million   179 million   2,100 million  

Coupon rate

   2.00  2.00    

Guaranteed margin ratio

   4.00  
 
Compound annual
5.00
  
  8.00

Conversion period

   
 
 
From one year after
the issue date to
bond maturity
  
  
  
  
 
 
From the day succeeding
the issue date till bond
maturity
  
  
  
  
 
 
From the day succeeding
the issue date till bond
maturity
  
  
  

Conversion price

  26,000   27,952    
 
 

 
 

a) If qualified financing is
obtained: 75% of stock
price

b) If qualified financing is
not obtained :

  
  
  

  
  

    1,191,200  

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Short-term borrowings

 

(in millions of Korean won and
thousands of foreign currencies)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Financial institution

 Type Annual
interest rates
  Foreign
Currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
Currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
 

Shinhan Bank

 Commercial
papers
  3,81  (Won)60,000       (Won)45,000       (Won)10,000  
 General loan 1  

 

5.09~CD(91D)

+1.44

  

   20,000        88,000        73,500  
 Usance(EUR) 1  
 
LIBOR(3M)
+1.70
  
   3,066    EUR 116    2,274        2,036  
 Usance(USD) 1   USD 2,611     USD 1,842     USD 1,671   
 Usance(JPY) 1   JPY 1,456          JPY 7,354   

Samsung Securities

 Commercial
papers
  3.92%~3,94      12,000        10,000        20,000  

Meritz Securities

 Commercial
papers
  3.85~3.92      15,000        20,000        25,000  

Woori Bank

 Commercial
papers
          10,000                  
 General
loans 1
  
 
CD(91D)
+1.61~1.79%
  
  
      27,300        5,000        18,000  
 Usance(USD) 1  
 
LIBOR(3M)
+1.70
  
  USD 428    499    USD 1,324    1,508    USD 2,192    2,527  

Korea Exchange Bank

 Commercial
papers
  3.76              50,000        10,000  
 General loans          8,000                  
 Usance(EUR 1  
 
LIBOR(3M)
+1.70
  
                  EUR1,740    2,600  

Kookmin Bank

 General loans  1.42~4.80              20,890        22,397  

Shinhan Investment Corp.

 Commercial
papers
                  20,000          

Woori Investment & Securities

 Commercial
papers
  3.76      25,000        5,000        5,000  

Dongbu Securities

 Commercial
papers
          21,000        21,200          

(in millions of Korean won and
thousands of foreign currencies)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Financial
institution

 Type Annual
interest rates
  Foreign
Currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
Currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
 

KTB Investment & Securities

 Commercial
papers
  3.91~3.95              40,000        20,000  

Hanyang Securities

 Commercial
papers
  3.95              25,000        10,000  

HI Investment & Securities

 Commercial
papers
                  20,000          

Standard Chartered Securities

 Commercial
papers
  3.90              10,000        10,000  

Eugene Investment & Securities

 Commercial
papers
          10,000        10,000          

Kumho Investment Bank

 Commercial
papers
          30,000        10,000          

Tong Yang Securities

 Commercial
papers
          17,000        40,000          

SK Securities

 Commercial
papers
  3.99~4.00                      40,000  

Shinyoung Securities

 Commercial
papers
  3.76                      10,000  

Korea Development Bank

 General loans  16.50          USD 3,995    7,474    USD 3,973    4,583  

General loans

   5.10~5.51      30,276        25,000        22,500  

Hana Bank

 Usance(USD) 1  
 
LIBOR(3M)
+1.70
  
  USD 4,202    5,376    USD 1,525    1,978    USD 2,442    2,816  

Usance(JPY)

       JPY 37,189     JPY 17,314        

IBK Bank

 General loans  4.33                      2,342  

Usance

           50                  

Korea Investment & Securities

 Commercial
papers
          20,000                  

Shinhan Investment Corp

 Commercial
papers
          20,000                  

Daewoo Securities

 Commercial
papers
          20,000                  

Daegu Bank

 General loans  5.55                      10,000  

Others

 Others  8.00~8.50      14,239                170  

Factoring Receivables

 Factoring
Receivables
                          69,252  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    (Won)368,806    (Won)478,324    (Won)392,723  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won and
thousands of foreign currencies)

  2013  2014 

Financial institution

 

Type

 Annual
interest rates
  Foreign
Currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
Currency
  Korean
Won
 

Shinhan Bank

 Commercial papers  2.21%~3.05     40,000       140,000  
 Commercial papers  7.79         VND32,000,000    1,667  
 Commercial papers 1  LIBOR(3M)+2.36         USD2,000    2,198  
 General loan  3.93%~5.18      81,200        101,200  
 Credit loan  4.31%~5.50      12,000        12,383  
 Usance 1  
 
 
3.35% /Financial
bonds(6M)
+1.27
  
  
      5,000        19,000  
 Facility loans  3.24              40,000  

Standard Chartered Bank

 Secured loans  4.34              10,000  

Samsung Securities

 Commercial papers  2.21      15,000        50,000  

Korea Investment & Securities Co., Ltd.

 Commercial papers  2.21%~2.39              230,000  

Woori Bank

 Commercial papers  7.79         VND61,756,000    3,218  
 General loans  4.88%~6.50      500        1,246  
 Usance          9,000          

Korea Exchange Bank

 Commercial papers  3.39%~4.59      30,000        50,000  
 Credit loans  5.23              4,000  
 Revolving loan  3.65              2,000  

Kookmin Bank

 General loans  3.39%~4.59      1,500        3,500  
 Facility loans  3.53              50,000  
 Credit loans  5.18              1,000  
 Commercial papers          10,494        25,000  

Hanyang Securities

 Commercial papers          50,000          

SK Securities

 Commercial papers          10,000          

Citibank

 Usance 1  
 
 
 
3.35%(fixed rate)
/(91D) +
1.2%(variable
rate)
  
  
  
  
      10,000        11,000  

Korea Development Bank

 Credit loans  4.86              10,000  
 Usance 1  
 
 
 
 
2.66%~3.41%
/Industrial
financial
debentures(1Y) +
1.28
  
  
  
  
      7,000        80,000  

IBK Bank

 Credit loans  6.15      8,000        6,000  

NH Investment & Securities

 Commercial papers  2.98      10,000        25,000  

HYUNDAI Securities

 Commercial papers  3.09      100,000        30,000  

Dongbu Securities

 Commercial papers          95,000          

Woori Investment & Securities

 Commercial papers  3.60      30,000        10,000  

Korea Money Brokerage Corporation

 Commercial papers          20,000          

Meritz Securities

 Commercial papers          30,000          

KTB Investment & Securities

 Commercial papers  2.21              70,000  

Hana Daetoo Securities Co., Ltd.

 Commercial papers  4.88              5,000  

NongHyup Bank

 Facility loans  3.49              50,000  

Shinyoung Securities Co., Ltd.

 Commercial papers  2.70%~3.50              55,000  

UFJ Bank

 LC  1.48         JPY194,236    1,943  

Others

 General loans          60,000          
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    634,694    1,100,355  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

1

Libor (3M)Interest rates of LIBOR(3M), CD(91D), Bonds issued by Korea Development Bank(1Y) and CD (91D)Bond issued by banks(6M, AAA) are approximately 0.58%0.255%, 2.130%, 2.142%, and 3.52%2.131%, respectively, as of December 31, 2011.

2014.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Long-term borrowings

 

(in millions of Korean won and
thousands of foreign currencies)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Financial institution

 Type Annual
interest rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
 

Kookmin Bank

 Informatization
promotion
funds 1
  3.80     (Won)21,643       (Won)13,126       (Won)5,541  
 Capital
Factoring
                  1,498          
 Loans for
operation
  5.96      10,000        10,000        10,000  
 General loans  4.88~6.30      40,000        20,000        30,000  
 Facility loans  4.56~4.98      2,250        10,000        60,000  
 Foreign
Currency
Loans
      USD 15,000    17,514    USD 11,000    12.527          
 Redeemable
convertible
preferred
stock
  1.00                      35,196  

Shinhan Bank

 Informatization 1  3.80      8,575        17,812        16,383  
 Loans for
operation
  5.88~6.39      7,000        14,000        14,000  
 General loans  5.70%~6.80              35,000        47,000  
 Mortgage loan  4.00      797        677        517  
 Facility loans 2  
 
 
 
3.38%~
Financing
bonds +
1.47
 
  
  
                      40,878  
 Commercial
papers
          10,000                  

Export-Import

Bank of Korea

 

Inter-Korean
Cooperation
Fund 1

  2.00      6,415        6,415        6,415  

Bank of Communications

 Facility loans      USD 30,000    35,028    USD 30,000    34,167          

Woori Bank

 General
loans 2
  
 
 
5.98~
CD(91D) +
1.39
 
  
      15,815        45,000        45,000  
 Facility loans                  164          

Hana Bank

 General loans          10,000                  

Kwangju Bank

 General loans          10,000        10,000          

National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives

 General loans          10,000        10,000          

NH Bank

 Loans for
operation
          15,000                  
 General loans  5.80~6.00      28,800        50,000        50,000  
 Facility loans  4.68                      50,000  

Standard Chartered Securities

 

Commercial
papers

                  10,000          

Korea Development Bank

 Informatization          1,300                  
 General loans      USD 40,000    46,704    USD 83    93          
 Facility loans  4.49                      20,000  

IBK Bank

 Facility loans  4.33                      2,000  

Korea Development Bank

 

Capital
Factoring

  1.90                      2,577  

Samsung Securities

 Commercial
papers
  4.02                      10,000  

(in millions of Korean won and
thousands of foreign currencies)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Financial institution

 Type Annual
interest rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
 

Dongbu Securities

 Commercial
papers
  4.12                      20,000  

SK Securities

 Commercial
papers
  4.12                      10,000  

KTB Investment & Securities

 

Commercial
papers

  4.02                      20,000  

Hanyang securities

 Commercial
papers
  4.02                      10,000  

RCPS(Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock)

 

Loans for
operation

                  30,000          

Shinhan Investment Corp.

 Commercial
papers
          20,000                  

Korea Credit Guarantee Fund

 

Loans for
operation

          2,893                  

Others

 General
loans
          1,537                  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    (Won)321,271    (Won)330,479    (Won)505,507  

Less: Current portion

     (140,931   (138,031   (63,256
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net

    (Won)180,340    (Won)192,448    (Won)442,251  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won and

thousands of foreign currencies)

  2013  2014 

Financial institution

 Type Annual
interest rates
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
  Foreign
currency
  Korean
won
 

Kookmin Bank

 Facility loans         60,000         

Shinhan Bank

 Informatization
promotion funds 1
  3.19      6,048        1,539  
 General loans  3.95%~5.70      20,000        21,000  
 Facility loans  2.22%~5.23      42,331        100,320  

Export-Import Bank of Korea

 Inter-Korean
Cooperation Fund 1
  2.00      6,415        5,922  

Korea Exchange Bank

 General loans      USD 2,200    2,322          
 General loans  3.94%~4.18      25,210        25,210  

National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives

 General loans  4.63      50,000        50,000  

NH Bank

 General loans  3.99%~6.00      60,000        58,000  
 Facility loans  2.00%~4.68      135,000        183  

Korea Development Bank

 General loans  3.56%~4.91      3,750        20,000  
 Facility loans  3.13%~4.49      20,000        170,000  

Industrial Bank of Korea

 Facility loans  2.22%~2.61      833        167  

Samsung Securities

 Commercial papers  2.78%~3.08      100,000        100,000  

HYUNDAI Securities

 Commercial papers  2.81%~3.08      179,945        160,000  

IBK Securities

 Commercial papers  2.78      50,000        50,000  

Shinhan Invest corp

 Commercial papers  2.93      39,963        40,000  

NH INVESTMENT & SECURITIES CO., LTD.

 Commercial papers  3.17              300,000  

The Jeonbuk Bank Ltd.

 General loans 2  
 
 
Financial
Bond
(12M)+1.17
  
  
              20,000  
 Facility loans  3.55              30,000  

Others

 Redeemable
convertible preferred
stock 3
          53,736        56,768  
 Other  5.00      4,423        243  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
 Total    859,976     1,209,352  

Less: Current portion

     (200,997   (257,557
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
 Net   658,979    951,795  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

1The above Informatization Promotion Funds are repayable in installments over three years after a two-year grace period, while Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund is repayable in installments over 1320 years after aseven-year grace period.

 

2The CD (91D) and financial bonds(AAA) interest rates areInterest rate of Bond issued by banks(12M) is approximately 3.52% and 3.59%, respectively,2.142% as of December 31, 20112014.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

3As of the end of the reporting period, the terms and conditions of the redeemable convertible preferred stocks are as follows:

   Issuers
   Enswers Inc. SkylifeTV Co., Ltd.
(formerly Korea HD
Broadcasting
Corp.)
 KT Telecop Co.,
Ltd.

Type

 The A
Redeemable
convertible
preferred stock
 The B
Redeemable
convertible
preferred stock
 The C
Redeemable
convertible
preferred stock
 Redeemable
convertible
preferred stock
 Redeemable
convertible
preferred stock

Issue date

 2008.08.14 2009.11.24 2011.11.30 2010.12.21 2011.1.20

Issue price

 1,598
millions
 500
millions
 10,001
millions
 950
millions
 35,000
millions

Issue price (per share)

 272,000 408,400 893,400 500 26,000

Number of share issued

 5,875 1,225 11,194 1,900,000 1,346,154

Conversion price (per share)

 272,000 408,400 893,400 500 26,000

Exercisable date of conversion rights

 

From the issue
date to

Aug 14, 2018

 

From the issue
date to

Nov 24, 2019

 

From the issue
date to
Nov 30, 2021

 

 

From one year
after the issue date
until excercised
date

Redemption price

 Issue price + 5%
compound annual
interest
 Issue price + 5%
compound annual
interest
 Issue price + 5%
compound annual
interest
 Issue price + 1%
compound annual
interest
 Issue price of
preferred stock

not converted + 5%
compound annual
interest

less dividends
received

Exercisable date of redemption Rights

 

From three years
after the issue
date to Aug 14,
2018

 

From three years
after the issue
date to Nov 24,
2019

 

From three years
after the issue
date to Nov 30,
2021

 

From two years
after the issue
date to
excercised date

 

From five years
(Jan 20, 2016)
after the issue date
up to 3 months

Repayment schedule of the Company’s bonds payable and borrowings including the portion of current liabilities as of December 31, 2011,2014, is as follows:

 

   Bonds   Borrowings   Total 

(in millions of Korean
won)

  In local
currency
   In foreign
currency
   Sub-
total
   In local
currency
   In foreign
currency
   Sub-
total
   

2012.01.01~ 2012.12.31

  (Won)1,300,000    (Won)357,523    (Won)1,657,523    (Won)441,418    (Won)14,562    (Won)455,980    (Won)2,113,503  

2013.01.01~ 2013.12.31

   1,340,950     981,126     2,322,076     201,660          201,660     2,523,736  

2014.01.01~ 2014.12.31

   1,162,000     807,310     1,969,310     107,051          107,051     2,076,361  

2015.01.01~ 2015.12.31

   560,000     461,320     1,021,320     92,648          92,648     1,113,968  

Thereafter

   2,817,548     345,990     3,163,538     40,891          40,891     3,204,429  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  (Won)7,180,498    (Won)2,953,269    (Won)10,133,767    (Won)883,668    (Won)14,562    (Won)898,230    (Won)11,031,997  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Bonds   Borrowings   Total 

(in millions of
Korean won)

  In local
currency
   In foreign
currency
   Sub-total   In local
currency
   In foreign
currency
   Sub-total   

2015

  1,112,045    485,687    1,597,732    1,348,886    9,026    1,357,912    2,955,644  

2016

   1,621,950     387,305     2,009,255     354,576          354,576     2,363,831  

2017

   1,219,900     1,099,200     2,319,100     290,493          290,493     2,609,593  

2018

   1,156,000     392,330     1,548,330     5,723          5,723     1,554,053  

Thereafter

   2,563,384     494,640     3,058,024     301,003          301,003     3,359,027  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  7,673,279    2,859,162    10,532,441    2,300,681    9,026    2,309,707    12,842,148  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Book value and fair value of the Company’s bonds payable and borrowings as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

   1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

Type

  Book
Value
   Fair
Value
   Book
Value
   Fair
Value
   Book
Value
   Fair
Value
 

Bonds payable

  (Won)8,876,623    (Won)9,092,948    (Won)8,573,561    (Won)8,876,175    (Won)10,100,322    (Won)10,253,221  

Short-term borrowings

   368,806     368,806     478,324     478,324     392,723     392,723  

Long-term borrowings (Including current borrowings)

   321,271     293,625     330,479     409,871     505,507     481,086  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)9,566,700    (Won)9,755,379    (Won)9,382,364    (Won)9,764,370    (Won)10,998,552    (Won)11,127,030  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The fair value of short-term borrowings equals its book value because the discounting effect is immaterial.

   2013   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

Type

  Book Value   Fair Value   Book Value   Fair Value 

Bonds payable

  9,989,223    10,066,124    10,505,678    10,537,442  

Long-term borrowings (Including current borrowings)

   859,976     798,827     1,209,352     1,183,645  

Short-term borrowings

   634,694     634,694     1,100,355     1,100,355  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  11,483,893    11,499,645    12,815,385    12,821,442  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The fair values of bonds payable and long-term borrowings are calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows at weighted average borrowing rate. The weighted average borrowing rate is approximately 4.64%3.36% ~ 4.28% as of December 31, 2011 (2010.12.31: 4.83%, 2010.1.1: 5.12%2014 (2013: 4.53%).

18.17.    Provisions

The changes in provisions duringfor the years ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

  2010   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Litigation 1 Asset retirement obligation  2 Others 3 Total   Litigation Asset retirement
obligation
 Other Total 

Balance at 1.1.2010

  (Won)17,011   (Won)102,863   (Won)12,031   (Won)131,905  

Increase

   9,630    20,552    43,048    73,230  

Balance at 2013.1.1

  49,083   109,598   196,850   355,531  

Increase (Transfer)

   4,440    1,936    59,462    65,838  

Usage

   (2,117  (6,977  (18,651  (27,745   (714  (1,966  (143,911  (146,591

Reversal

   (964  (4,925  (7,487  (13,376   (1,897  (5,251  (20,276  (27,424

Others

       (2,114  6,977    4,863  

Changes in scope of consolidation

       962        962  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balance at 12.31.2010

  (Won)23,560   (Won)109,399   (Won)35,918   (Won)168,877  

Balance at 2013.12.31

  50,912   105,279   92,125   248,316  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Current portion

   23,560        34,917    58,477     35,507    46    79,202    114,755  

Non-current portion

       109,399    1,001    110,400     15,405    105,233    12,923    133,561  

 

    2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Litigation 1  Asset retirement obligation  2  Others 3  Total 

Balance at 1.1.2011

  (Won)23,560   (Won)109,399   (Won)35,918   (Won)168,877  

Increase

   5,377    5,444    104,940    115,761  

Usage

   (2,499  (2,962  (11,822  (17,283

Reversal

   (936  (3,285  (1,128  (5,349

Changes in scope of consolidation

   3,413            3,413  

Others

       55    76    131  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at 12.31.2011

  (Won)28,915   (Won)108,651   (Won)127,984   (Won)265,550  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Current portion

   25,502    19    97,064    122,585  

Non-current portion

   3,413    108,632    30,920    142,965  

1The amounts represent a provision for certain legal claims brought against the Company by various parties (Note 20).

2The Company leased the buildings and structures to establish its communication equipment. A provision is recognized for the present value of costs to be incurred for the restoration of the leased properties.

3Others include the provision related to the termination of 2G services, provision arising from the non-cancellable service contract and others. The Company recorded the provision relating to the discontinued 2G services in 2011.
   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Litigation  Asset retirement
obligation
  Other  Total 

Balance at 2014.1.1

  50,912   105,279   92,125   248,316  

Increase (Transfer)

   4,574    5,515    61,342    71,431  

Usage

   (11,988  (4,022  (43,285  (59,295

Reversal

   (23,259  (9,549  (9,963  (42,771

Changes in scope of consolidation

       899    (711  188  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance at 2014.12.31

  20,239   98,122   99,508   217,869  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Current portion

   20,239    718    90,482    111,439  

Non-current portion

       97,404    9,026    106,430  

19.    Retirement18.    Net Defined Benefit ObligationLiabilities

The amounts recognized in the statements of financial position are determined as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013 2014 

Present value of defined benefit obligations

  (Won)1,235,683   (Won)1,129,912   (Won)1,462,720    1,636,593   1,460,957  

Fair value of plan assets

   (1,149,657  (865,934  (1,037,008   (1,050,510  (867,119
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Liabilities

  (Won)86,026   (Won)263,978   (Won)425,712    586,083   593,838  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The changes in the defined benefit obligations for the years ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010 2011   2013 2014 

Beginning

  (Won)1,235,683   (Won)1,129,912    1,724,246   1,636,593  

Current service cost

   145,119    174,089     210,466    184,870  

Interest expense

   68,140    53,257     57,891    48,863  

Past service cost

   (38,416  26  

Benefit paid

   (53,230  (81,284   (97,956  (131,796

Costs on settlements

   29,966      

Changes due to settlements of plan

   (429,751    

Actuarial losses

   174,499    144,856  

Losses on settlements of plan

   2,171    666,299  

Changes due to settlements of plan 1

   (188,512  (1,321,683

Remeasurements:

   

Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions

   81,616    27,745  

Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions

   (144,111  204,847  

Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments

   (9,521  73,819  

Changes in scope of Consolidation

   (2,098  41,864     303    71,400  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Ending

  (Won)1,129,912   (Won)1,462,720    1,636,593   1,460,957  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

1The payment of the benefits for voluntary retirement amounts to1,215,407 million in 2014.

Changes in the fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010 2011   2013 2014 

Beginning

  (Won)1,149,657   (Won)865,934    1,175,003   1,050,510  

Expected return on plan assets

   64,047    41,146  

Interest income

   42,964    30,966  

Remeasurements:

   

Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in interest income)

   2,612    (5,775

Benefits paid

   (57,866  (61,085

Changes due to settlements of plan 1

   (138,220  (381,501

Employer contributions

   9,772    131,421     26,161    182,904  

Plan participants’ contributions

   689    18,571  

Benefits paid

   (31,927  (44,396

Changes due to settlements of plan

   (313,872    

Changes in scope of Consolidation

   (2,217  22,190  

Actuarial gains (losses)

   (10,215  2,142  

Changes in scope of consolidation

   (144  51,100  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Ending

  (Won)865,934   (Won)1,037,008    1,050,510   867,119  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

1The payment from the plan assets for voluntary retirement amounts to307,268 million in 2014.

Amounts recognized in the statement of income for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010 2011   2012 2013 2014 

Current service cost

  (Won)145,119   (Won)174,089    206,389   210,466   184,870  

Interest cost

   68,140    53,257  

Expected return on plan assets

   (64,047  (41,146

Past service cost

   (38,416  26  

Costs on settlements

   29,966      

Net Interest cost

   16,369    14,927    17,897  

Losses on settlements

   (3,630  2,171    666,299  

Transfer out

   (8,609  (4,054   (8,763  (10,502  (6,173
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total expenses

  (Won)132,153   (Won)182,172    210,365   217,062   862,893  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

 

Principal actuarial assumptions used are as follows:

 

  

1.1.2010

  

12.31.2010

  

12.31.2011

  2012.12.31   2013.12.31   2014.12.31 

Discount rate

  5.07% ~ 5.90%  4.00% ~ 5.70%  4.00% ~ 4.80%   3.13% ~ 4.10%     3.10% ~ 4.05%     2.37% ~ 3.80%  

Expected rate of return

  3.00% ~ 6.60%  3.30% ~ 5.80%  4.10% ~ 5.80%

Future salary increase

  1.50% ~ 6.00%  2.00% ~ 6.90%  2.00% ~ 9.30%   3.00% ~ 8.10%     2.10% ~ 8.44%     2.00% ~ 8.10%  

Details

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

As of December 31, 2014, total amounts of the plan assets are invested in principal and interest guaranteed financial instruments.

The sensitivity of the defined benefit obligations as of December 31, 2014, to changes in the weighted principal assumptions is:

  Effect on defined benefit obligation 

(in percentage, in millions of Korean won)

 Changes in principal
assumption
  Increase in principal
assumption
  Decrease in principal
assumption
 

Discount rate

  0.5% point   (67,774 71,340  

Salary growth rate

  0.5% point    68,691    (65,861

A decrease in corporate bond yields will increase plan liabilities, although this will be partially offset by an increase in the value of the plans’ bond holdings.

The above sensitivity analyses are based on a change in an assumption while holding all other assumptions constant. In practice, this is unlikely to occur, and changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated. The sensitivity of the defined benefit obligation to changes in principal actuarial assumptions is calculated using the projected unit credit method, the same method applied when calculating the defined benefit obligations recognized on the statement of financial position.

The Company annually reviews funding levels of plan assets and has plan asset policies that require maintaining the funding level of the Company equal to or more than the level required under the Employee Retirement Benefit Security Act. Expected contributions to post-employment benefit plans for the year ending December 31, 2015, are274,410 million.

Expected maturity analysis of undiscounted pension benefits as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010 and 2011, are2014, is as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011 

Pension deposit

  (Won)    (Won)    (Won)1,009,754  

Severance insurance deposits

   1,149,657     865,934     27,254  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)1,149,657    (Won)865,934    (Won)1,037,008  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Less than
1 year
   Between
1 and 2 years
   Between
2 and 5 years
   Over 5
years
   Total 

Pension benefits

  125,308    96,948    366,005    4,122,574    4,710,835  

The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligations is 8.9 years.

19.    Defined Contribution Plan

Actual return onRecognized expense related to the defined contribution plan assets for the yearsyear ended December 31, 20102014, is25,423 million (2012:1,703 million, 2013:23,857 million).

KT Corporation and 2011, are as follows:Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  12.31.2010   12.31.2011 

Actual return on plan assets

  (Won)53,832    (Won)43,288  

Details of adjustments for the differences between initial assumptions and actual figures as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010 and 2011, are as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Present value of the defined benefit obligations

  (Won)1,235,683   (Won)1,129,912   (Won)1,462,720  

Fair value of plan assets

   (1,149,657  (865,934  (1,037,008

Deficit in the plan

   86,026    263,978    425,712  

Experience adjustments on defined benefit liabilities

       (60,691  (2,900

Experience adjustments on plan assets

       (10,215  2,142  

20.    Commitments and Contingencies

As of December 31, 2011,2014, major commitments with local financial institutions are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won

and thousands of foreign currencies)

  

Financial institution

  Currency   Limit   Used
amount
 

Bank overdraft

  Kookmin Bank and others   KRW     1,659,000       

Commercial papers factoring

  Korea Exchange Bank   KRW     277,000       

Loan on information and communications fund

  Shinhan Bank and others   KRW     39,138     21,924  

Collateralized loan on accounts receivable-trade

  Kookmin Bank and others   KRW     618,000     91,384  

Collection for foreign currency denominated checks

  Korea Exchange Bank   USD     1,000       

Plus electronic bill

  Industrial Bank of Korea   KRW     50,000       

Comprehensive credit line

  Korea Exchange Bank   KRW     5,000       

Others

  Kookmin Bank and others   KRW     130,000     2,000  
     USD     83,500     14,439  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     KRW     2,778,138     115,308  
     USD     84,500     14,439  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won and
thousands of foreign currencies)

  

Financial institution

  Currency   Limit   Used
amount
 

Bank overdraft

  Kookmin Bank and others   KRW     1,492,903     5,903  

Commercial papers Factoring

  Korea Exchange Bank and others   KRW     1,015,000     835,000  

Collateralized loan on accounts receivable-trade

  Kookmin Bank and others   KRW     746,000     112,221  

FX forward trading commitment

  Shinhan Bank   USD     11,500       

Plus electronic notes Payable

  Industrial Bank of Korea   KRW     50,000     1,995  

Loan on information and communications fund

  Shinhan Bank   KRW     1,539     1,539  

Loans for working capital

  Industrial Bank of Korea and others   KRW     674,000     219,000  

Comprehensive credit line

  Korea Exchange Bank   KRW     15,000     11,687  

Green energy factoring

  Shinhan Bank   KRW     279     279  

Facility loans

  Korea Development Bank and others   KRW     390,000     348,167  

Comprehensive credit line

  Shinhan Bank   KRW     50,000     20,000  

Credit line for call loan

  Yuanta Securities Korea Co., Ltd.   KRW     120,000       

Total

     KRW     4,554,721     1,555,791  
     USD     11,500       

As of December 31, 2011,2014, guarantees received from financial institutions are as follows:

(in millions of Korean won

and thousands of foreign currencies)

  

Financial institution

  Currency  Limit   Used
amount
 

Performance guarantee for construction

  Seoul Guarantee Insurance   KRW    36,498       

Performance guarantee

  Export-Import Bank of Korea   USD    3,835     3,835  
     SAR 1   735     735  
     DZD 2   25,863     25,863  
  Seoul Guarantee Insurance   KRW    12,861       
  Korea Software Financial Cooperative   KRW    184,094     184,094  

Bid guarantee

  Korea Software Financial Cooperative   KRW    10,202     10,202  

Advances received guarantee

  Export-Import Bank of Korea   USD    2,925     2,925  
     DZD    77,589     77,589  

Prepayment guarantee

  Korea Software Financial Cooperative   KRW    116,895     116,895  

Warranties guarantee

  Export-Import Bank of Korea   USD    971     971  
  Korea Software Financial Cooperative   KRW    22,260     22,260  

Currency guarantee

  Korea exchange Bank   KRW    23,600     1,930  
  Woori Bank   KRW    50,000     3,887  
  Shinhan Bank   KRW    44,550     26,100  
  Korea Software Financial Cooperative   KRW    5,770     5,770  
  Export-Import Bank of Korea   KRW    8,369       

Foreign currency guarantee

  Kookmin Bank   USD    6,866     4,039  
  Shinhan Bank   USD    9,877     867  
  Korea exchange Bank   USD    45,000     41,255  
  HSBC   USD    40,000     40,000  

Guarantee deposit

  Seoul Guarantee Insurance   KRW    31,013       

Guarantee for import letters of credit

  Korea Exchange Bank   USD    5,000       
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     KRW    546,112     371,138  
     USD    114,474     93,892  
     SAR    735     735  
     DZD    103,452     103,452  
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

1

Saudi Riyal.

2

Algerian Dinar.

Details of collaterals that KT Capital Co.,Ltd., a subsidiary of KT Corporation, is provided with by third parties as of December 31, 2011, are as follows:

 

(Inin millions of Korean won)won and
thousands of foreign currencies)

  

DetailsFinancial institution

  

AmountsCurrency

Limit

CreditsPerformance guarantee

  Movables, real-estate, financial collateralSeoul Guarantee Insurance and othersKRW85,291
USD5,393
  (Won)DZD984,078 125,863

Guarantee for import letters of credit

Kookmin Bank and othersUSD73,980

Guarantee for payment in foreign currency

Korea Exchange Bank and othersPLN 223,000
USD43,573

Guarantee for payment in local currency

Woori Bank and othersKRW12,338

Comprehensive guarantee for payment in foreign currency

Kookmin BankKRW16,488

Warranty guarantee

Seoul Guarantee InsuranceKRW948

Guarantee for advances received

Export-Import Bank of KoreaDZD 177,589
USD2,925

Guarantees for accounts receivable from the handset sales

Seoul Guarantee InsuranceKRW674,768

Bid guarantee

Korea Software Financial CooperativeKRW23,214

Performance guarantee /Warranty guarantee

Korea Software Financial CooperativeKRW207,681

Prepayment and other guarantee

Korea Software Financial Cooperative and othersKRW55,486

Guarantees for licensing

Seoul Guarantee InsuranceKRW11,666

Guarantees for deposits

Seoul Guarantee InsuranceKRW4,302
KRW1,092,182
TotalUSD125,871
DZD (1)103,452
PLN (2)23,000

As

1Algerian Dinar.

2Polish Zloty.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Details of collaterals that KT Capital Co., Ltd., a subsidiary, is provided with by third parties as of December 31, 2011, guarantees provided by the Company for a third party,2014, are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  

CreditorDetails

  LimitAmounts 

Eun-haeng 1-area urban environment Improving project unionCredits and others

  Kookmin BankMovables, real-estate, and other  (Won)2,600863,176  

Yeongdeungpo apartment-type factory People who have the right of ownership

As of December 31, 2014, guarantees provided by the Company for a third party, are as follows:

Woori Bank13,000

Samsung Engineering Co.and others

Seoul Guarantee Insurance911

Other Project Financing 1

Kookmin Bank and others41,769

 

1

As of December 31, 2011, guarantee liabilities of(Won) 2,839million (2010.12.31:(Won) 2,919 million) in relation to guarantees for PF loan are recorded as ‘other financial liabilities’ in the statement of financial position.

(in millions of Korean won)

  Creditor   Limit   Used amount   Period 

Individuals with the right of ownership of Gyeryeong Rishivill II Apartment

   Shinhan Bank    50,000    23,375     
 
Jun 10, 2014
~ May 31, 2016
  
  

As of December 31, 2011,2014, based on the investors’ agreement, the Company has an obligation to provide funding to Smart Channel Co., Ltd. if Smart Channel Co, Ltd. is unable to fulfill its obligation. The Company pledged investment securities in Smart Channel Co., Ltd. as collateral (Note 14). Furthermore, the Company provided allowance for doubtful receivables of49,362 million against other receivables from Smart Channel Co., Ltd.

The Controlling Company is jointly and severally obligated with KT Sat Co., Ltd. to pay KT Sat Co., Ltd.’s liabilities prior to spin-off. As of December 31, 2014, the Company and KT Sat Co., Ltd. are jointly and severally liable for reimbursement of7,801 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company made agreements with the Securitization Specialty Companies Olleh KT Thirteenth to Eighteenth Securitization Specialty Co., Ltd. (2013: Olleh KT Seventh to Twelfth Securitization Specialty Co., Ltd.), and disposed of part of its trade receivables related to handset sales(in 2014 :2,133,546 million, in 2013 :2,684,017 million). Loss on the disposal of trade receivables16,373 million (2013 :7,673 million) was recognized. The Company also made asset management agreements with each securitization specialty company and will receive the related management fees.

As of December 31, 2014, the Company is a defendant in 142225 lawsuits, with an aggregate claim amount of(Won) 37,065million.230,006 million (2013:159,434 million). As of December 31, 2011,2014, litigation provisions of(Won) 28,91520,239 million for various pending lawsuits and unasserted claims are recorded as liabilities for potential loss in the ordinary course of business. The Company cannot yet predict the final outcomeoutcomes of the cases because these casesmatters involve significant uncertainties related to the legal theory or the nature of the claims as well as the complexity of the facts.

On March 6, 2014, the website of the Controlling Company was accessed by hackers and personal information of the customers was stolen. There are lawsuits against the Controlling Company over this breach seeking damages of approximately6,661 million. The resolution of the lawsuit cannot yet be predicted.reasonably predicted because it involves significant uncertainties at early stages. Also, there may be more lawsuits filed against the Company in the future. However, the size and result of any potential lawsuits cannot yet be reasonably predicted because it is not sure yet whether the customers whose personal information was stolen would litigate or not.

According to the financial and other covenants included in certain bonds and borrowings, the Company is required to maintain certain financial ratios such as debt/debt to equity ratio, use the funds for the designated purpose and report to the creditors periodically. The covenant also contains restriction on provision of additional collaterals and disposal of certain assets. As of December 31, 2011,2014, the Company is in compliance with the related covenants.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Asia Broadcast Satellite Holdings Ltd(ABS), sued the Controlling Company and its subsidiary KT Sat at The International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce on December 31, 2014, on the ownership and compensation of damages due to the sales contract of the satellite KOREASAT. In addition, ABS sued the Controlling Company and its subsidiary KT Sat at the International Centre for Dispute Resolution of the American Arbitration Association on December 24, 2013, on the compensation of damages of the breach of entrustment contract. Currently, the mediator selection process for the Controlling Company, KT Sat and ABS is complete, and the process of arbitration is in progress. The final outcome of this arbitration cannot yet be predicted.

21.    Lease

The Company’s non-cancellable lease arrangements are as follows:

The Company as the Lessee

Finance Lease

Details of finance lease assets as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013 2014 

Acquisition costs

  (Won)35,233   (Won)137,182   (Won)166,181    99,702   94,247  

Accumulated depreciation

   (30,382  (83,348  (67,250   (27,980  (39,032
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net balance

  (Won)4,851   (Won)53,834    98,931    71,722   55,215  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

As of December 31, 2014, the Company recognizes financial lease assets as other property and equipment. The related depreciation amounted to(Won) 26,02419,560 million (2010:(2013:(Won) 28,31911,483 million) for the year ended December 31, 2011.2014.

Details of future minimum lease payments as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014 under finance lease contracts are summarized below:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   2013   2014 

Type

  Minimum lease
payments
   Present
Values
   Minimum lease
payments
   Present
Values
   Minimum lease
payments
   Present
Values
 

Total amount of minimum lease payments

    

Within one year

  (Won)6,519    (Won)6,224    (Won)46,144    (Won)33,089    (Won)66,635    (Won)46,155    22,498    22,516  

From one year to five years

   1,348     1,329     74,118     60,767     116,627     90,042     52,877     37,382  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)7,867    (Won)7,553    (Won)120,262    (Won)93,856    (Won)183,262    (Won)136,197     75,375    59,898  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Unrealized interest expense

   7,166     4,891  
  

 

   

 

 

Net amount of minimum lease payments

    

Within one year

   19,486     20,155  

From one year to five years

   48,723     34,852  
  

 

   

 

 

Total

  68,209    55,007  
  

 

   

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Operating Lease

Details of future minimum lease payments as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, under operating lease contracts are summarized below:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   2013   2014 

Within one year

  (Won)19,923    (Won)23,971    (Won)52,053    78,245    77,727  

From one year to five years

   7,734     17,915     158,560     308,292     312,305  

Thereafter

             217,115     246,632     165,799  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)27,657    (Won)41,886    (Won)427,728    633,169    555,831  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Operating lease expenses incurred for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 amounted to(Won) 23,68061,201 million,77,657 million, and(Won) 41,49979,359 million, respectively.

The Company as the Lessor

Finance Lease

Details of finance lease assets as of January 1, 2010, isDecember 31, 2013, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Minimum
lease
payments
   Unguaranteed
residual value
   Gross
investment in
the lease
   Unaccrued
interest
 Net
investment
in the lease
   Minimum lease
payments
   Gross investment
in the lease
   Unaccrued
interest
 Net investment
in the lease
 

Within one year

  (Won)228,346    (Won)114    (Won)228,460    (Won)(25,466 (Won)202,994    337,804    337,804    (38,779 299,025  

From one year to five years

   358,948     5,802     364,750     (39,774  324,976     454,542     454,542     (32,922  421,620  

Thereafter

   8,667          8,667     (413  8,254     10,395     10,395     (913  9,482  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)595,961    (Won)5,916    (Won)601,877    (Won)(65,653 (Won)536,224    802,741    802,741    (72,614 730,127  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Details of finance lease assets as of December 31, 2010,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Minimum
lease
payments
   Unguaranteed
residual value
   Gross
investment in
the lease
   Unaccrued
interest
  Net
investment
in the lease
 

Within one year

  (Won)240,988    (Won)    (Won)240,988    (Won)(41,293 (Won)199,695  

From one year to five years

   480,037          480,037     (74,407  405,630  

Thereafter

   10,248          10,248     (1,577  8,671  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)731,273    (Won)    (Won)731,273    (Won)(117,277 (Won)613,996  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Details of finance lease assets as of December 31, 2011, are as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

  Minimum
lease
payments
   Unguaranteed
residual value
   Gross
investment in
the lease
   Unaccrued
interest
 Net
investment
in the lease
   Minimum lease
payments
   Gross investment
in the lease
   Unaccrued
interest
 Net investment
in the lease
 

Within one year

  (Won)290,511    (Won)    (Won)290,511    (Won)(39,066 (Won)251,445    286,570    286,570    (20,794 265,776  

From one year to five years

   514,243          514,243     (42,951  471,292     363,277     363,277     (24,116  339,161  

Thereafter

   25,960          25,960     (3,171  22,789     874     874     (65  809  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)830,714    (Won)    (Won)830,714    (Won)(85,188 (Won)745,526    650,721    650,721    (44,975 605,746  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Details of bad debts allowance for finance lease receivables as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013   2014 

Within one year

  (Won)(4,007 (Won)(4,924 (Won)(2,742  4,817    6,794  

Over five years

   (1,306        

From one year to five years

   15,245     14,412  

Thereafter

   (8,146  (11,733  (6,124   128     127  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)(13,459 (Won)(16,657 (Won)(8,866  20,190    21,333  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Operating Lease

Details of operating lease assets as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Acquisition costs

  (Won)228,286   (Won)22,761   (Won)24,866  

Accumulated depreciation

   (116,068  (11,075  (6,614
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net balance

  (Won)112,218   (Won)11,686   (Won)18,252  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2013  2014 

Acquisition costs

  2,073,592   2,698,249  

Accumulated depreciation

   (606,148  (754,531
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net balance

  1,467,444   1,943,718  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Details of future minimum lease payments as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, under operating lease contracts are summarized below:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   2013   2014 

Within one year

  (Won)7,339    (Won)5,226    (Won)7,381    203,014    547,194  

From one year to five years

   3,615     2,203     7,153     687,162    ��673,117  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)10,954    (Won)7,429    (Won)14,534    890,176    1,220,311  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

22.    Capital Stock

As of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, the Company’s number of authorized shares is one billion.

 

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 
  Number of
issued
shares
  Par value
per share
(Korean
won)
  Common
stock
(in millions
of Korean
won)
  Number of
outstanding
shares
  Par value
per share
(Korean
won)
  Common
stock

(in millions
of Korean
won)
  Number of
outstanding
shares
  Par value
per share
(Korean
won)
  Common
stock
(in millions
of Korean
won)
 

Common stock 1

  261,111,808   (Won)5,000   (Won)1,564,499    261,111,808   (Won)5,000   (Won)1,564,499    261,111,808   (Won)5,000   (Won)1,564,499  
   2013   2014 
   Number of
outstanding
shares
   Par value
per share
(Korean won)
   Common stock
(in millions of
Korean won)
   Number of
outstanding
shares
   Par value
per share
(Korean won)
   Common stock
(in millions of
Korean won)
 

Common stock1

   261,111,808    5,000    1,564,499     261,111,808    5,000    1,564,499  

 

1

The Company retired 51,787,959 treasury shares against retained earnings. Therefore, the common stock amount differs from the amount resulting from multiplying the number of shares issued by(Won)5,000 par value per share of common stock.

23.    Retained Earnings

Details of retained earnings as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   2013   2014 

Legal reserve1

  (Won)780,499    (Won)780,499    (Won)782,249    782,249    782,249  

Voluntary reserves

   4,758,012     4,651,362     4,911,362  

Voluntary reserves 2

   4,911,362     4,911,362  

Unappropriated retained earnings

   4,154,526     4,034,307     4,526,022     4,325,778     2,874,788  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)9,693,037    (Won)9,466,168    (Won)10,219,633    10,019,389    8,568,399  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

1

The Commercial Code of the Republic of Korea requires the Company to appropriate, as a legal reserve, an amount equal to a minimum of 10% of cash dividends paid until such reserve equals 50% of its issued capital stock. The reserve is not available for the payment of cash dividends, but may be transferred to capital stock with the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors or used to reduce accumulated deficit, if any, with the ratification of the Company’s majority shareholders.

2The provision of research and development of human is separately accumulated with tax reserve fund during earned surplus disposal by Tax Reduction and Exemption Control Act of Korea. Reversal of this provision can be paid out as dividends according to related tax law.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

24.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and Other Components of Equity

As of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, the details of the Controlling Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

  2013  2014 

Investments in associates and joint ventures

  (12,681 (8,955

Loss on derivatives

   (9,337  (37,158

Available-for-sale

   55,836    76,725  

Foreign currency translation adjustment

   (9,280  (4,822
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  24,538   25,790  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Beginning  Increase
/ decrease
  Reclassification
as gain or loss
   Ending 

Investments in associates and joint ventures

  (15,251 2,570       (12,681

Gain or loss on derivatives

   (4,626  (71,778  67,067     (9,337

Available-for-sale

   23,738    25,814    6,284     55,836  

Foreign currency translation adjustment

   (2,536  (6,744       (9,280
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  1,325   (50,138 73,351    24,538  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Beginning  Increase
/ decrease
   Reclassification
as gain or loss
  Ending 

Investments in associates and joint ventures

  (12,681 3,726       (8,955

Gain or loss on derivatives

   (9,337  16,974     (44,795  (37,158

Available-for-sale

   55,836    20,889         76,725  

Foreign currency translation adjustment

   (9,280  4,458         (4,822
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  24,538   46,047    (44,795 25,790  
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Company’s other components of equity are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013 2014 

Treasury stock

  (Won)(956,159 (Won)(955,083 (Won)(953,608

Loss on disposal of treasury stock

   (890,650  (295    

Treasury stock 1

  (922,175 (866,316

Loss on disposal of treasury stock 2

   (2,170  (21,847

Share-based payments

   3,619    7,669    7,455     (9,609  3,627  

Others 1

   (310,957  (310,584  (551,136

Others 3

   (386,989  (376,173
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total

  (Won)(2,154,147 (Won)(1,258,293 (Won)(1,497,289  (1,320,943 (1,260,709
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

 

1During the current period, the Company disposed of 1,059,060 shares (2013: 167,842 shares) of treasury stock

21The amounts directly reflected in equity is9 million (2013:693 million) as of December 31, 2014.

Gain (loss)3

Profit and loss incurred from transactions with non-controlling shareholdersinterest and changesinvestment difference incurred from change in interest inproportion of subsidiaries are included.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

As of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, the details of treasury stock are as follows:

 

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   2013   2014 

Number of shares

   17,915,340     17,895,964     17,897,147     17,308,160     16,249,100  

Amounts(In millions of Korean won)

  (Won)965,159    (Won)955,083    (Won)953,608    922,175    866,316  

Treasury stock is expected to be used for the stock compensation for the Company’s directors and employees and other purposes.

25.    Share-Based Payments

The controlling Company’sdetails of share-based compensation programs include the employee stock options and stock grants. The Company measures and recognizes compensation cost for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including grants of employee stock options and employee stock grants.

The fair value of awards granted that are expected to ultimately vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods. The number of options expected to vest equals the total options granted less an estimation of the number of forfeitures expected to occur prior to vesting. The forfeiture rate is calculated based on historical data and is adjusted if actual forfeitures differ significantly from the original estimates. The effect of any change in estimated forfeitures would be recognized through a cumulative adjustment that would be included in compensation cost in the period of the change in estimate.

Stock Options

The Company has granted stock options to its executive officers and directorspayments as of December 31, 2011, in accordance with the stock option plan approved by its board of directors, details of which are as follows:

    4th grant  KTF-4th1

Grant date

  2005.2.4  2005.3.4

Grantee

  Former executives  Executives and
former outside directors

Number of basic allocated shares upon grant

  50,800 shares  92,637 shares

Number of additional shares related to business performance upon grant

  20,000 shares  

Number of shares expected to be exercised upon grant

  60,792 shares  92,637 shares

Number of settled or forfeited shares

  10,800 shares  46,888 shares

Number of expired shares as of December 31, 2011

    

Number of basic allocated shares as of December 31, 2011

  40,000 shares  45,749 shares

Number of additional shares related to business performance as of December 31, 2011

  3,153 shares  

Number of shares expected to be exercised

  43,153 shares  45,749 shares

Fair value per share (in Korean won)

  (Won)12,322  (Won)4,328

Total compensation cost (in millions of Korean won)

  (Won) 531million  (Won) 343 million

Exercise price per share (in Korean won)

  (Won)54,600  (Won)42,684

Exercise period

  2007.2.5~2012.2.4  2007.3.5~2012.3.4

Valuation method

  Fair value method  Fair value method

1The stock options granted to the directors, officers or employees of KTF prior to the merger were converted into stock options on June 1, 2009, granting the rights to purchase the stock of KT based on the merger ratio.

Upon exercise, the controlling Company can elect one of the following settlement methods: issuance of new shares, issuance of treasury stock or cash settlement, subject to certain circumstances. The changes of the number of stock options and a weighted-average exercise prices, as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 are as follows:

   2010 

(in Korean won)

  Beginning   Expired   Exercised 1   Ending   Number of shares
exercisable
 

2nd grant

   3,000     3,000                 

4th grant

   43,153               43,153     43,153  

KTF-2nd

   20,570     20,570                 

KTF-3rd

   219,909     35,811     184,098            

KTF-4th

   79,200          33,451     45,749     45,749  

Total

   365,832     59,381     217,549     88,902     88,902  

Weighted-average exercise prices

   44,754     49,794     41,861     48,468    
   2011 

(in Korean won)

  Beginning   Expired   Exercised 1   Ending   Number of shares
exercisable
 

4th grant

   43,153               43,153     43,153  

KTF-4th

   45,749               45,749     45,749  

Total

   88,902               88,902     88,902  

Weighted-average exercise prices

   48,468               48,468    

1Weighted—average price of the common stock at the time of exercise.

The controlling Company adopted the fair value method to measure compensation costs based on the various valuation assumptions and methods, which are as follows:

   4th grant  KTF-4th 1 

Risk-free interest rate

   4.43  2.78

Expected duration(year)

   4.5 ~ 5.5    1.5  

Expected volatility

   33.41%~42.13  35.03

Expected dividend yield ratio

   5.86  3.54

1The compensation costs for the stock options granted to the directors, officers or employees of KTF were recalculated considering risk-free rate, expected duration and others on the date of the merger.

Other share-based compensation

The Company provided stock grants subject to both the service period and business performance goals.

The fair value of each stock grant awarded was estimated on the date of grant for performance based grants assuming that performance goals will be achieved. The expected term for grants is generally one year. The stock grants are settled with the new shares issued or treasury stock owned by the Company upon vesting. The fair value is based on the market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite vesting period and adjusted for actual forfeitures before vesting.

The details of stocks grants as of December 31, 20112014, are as follows:

 

   

5th grant8th

Grant date

  4.29.20112014.04.24

Grantee

  CEOs,CEO, inside directors, outside directors, executives

Estimated number of shares granted at grant date

185,338 shares

Estimated number of shares granted as of December 31, 2011

185,338 shares

Vesting conditions

  

Service condition: 1 year

Non-market performance

condition: achievement of performance

Fair value per option (in Korean won)

  (Won) 38,50032,500

Total compensation costs (in Korean won)

  (Won) 7,1363,627 million

Estimated exercise date (exercise date)

  During 20122015

Valuation method

  Fair value method

Changes ofThe changes in the number of other share-based payments,stock options and the weighted-average exercise price, as of December 31, 20102013 and 20112014, are as follows:

 

   2010 
   Beginning   Grant   Expired   Exercised 1   Ending   Number of
shares
exercisable
 

2nd grant

   13,345          13,345                 

3rd grant

   29,055               29,055            

4th grant

        142,436               142,436       

KTF-2nd

   11,790          11,790                 

Total

   54,190     142,436     25,135     29,055     142,436       
   2013 
   Beginning   Granted   Expired   Forfeited   Exercised 1   Ending   Number of
shares
exercisable
 

6th grant

   255,110          154,137          100,973            

7th grant

        288,459          6,231          282,228       
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   255,110     288,459     154,137     6,231     100,973     282,228       
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

   2011 
   Beginning   Grant   Expired   Exercised 1   Ending   Number of
shares
exercisable
 

4th grant

   142,436          11,924     130,512            

5th grant

        185,338               185,338       

Total

   142,436     185,338     11,924     130,512     185,338       
   2014 
   Beginning   Granted   Expired   Forfeited   Exercised 1   Ending   Number of
shares
exercisable
 

7th grant

   282,228          278,175          4,053            

8th grant

        251,833                    251,833       
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   282,228     251,833     278,175          4,053     251,833       
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

1The weighted average price of common stock at the time of exercise during 20112014 was(Won)38,500(2010:32,500 (2013:(Won)47,700)40,300).

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

26.     Operating Revenues

Operating revenues for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010   2011   2012   2013   2014 

Sales of services

  19,266,545    19,663,014    19,991,656  

Sale of goods

  (Won)3,899,128    (Won)4,378,852     4,589,830     4,065,659     3,477,631  

Sales of services

   16,110,222     16,831,158  

Others 1

   316,925     780,041  

Others 1,2,3

   787,397     329,208     258,091  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Operating revenues

  (Won)20,326,275    (Won)21,990,051    24,643,772    24,057,881    23,727,378  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

1

In December 2011, the Company sold its certainDisposed land and buildings with carrying value ofbuilding (carrying amount:(Won)171,98993,250 million) for232,000 million for a total purchase price ofto(Won)AJU-KTM private470,347 million. The land funding real-estate investment trust No.1 and buildings were sold and the related properties leased back from K-Realty CR-REIT, which is an equity investee of the Company. As a result of this transaction, thethem in September 2012. The Company recognized other operating revenuegain on disposal of property and equipment of(Won)298,358138,750 million and the lease contracts with K-REALTY CR-REIT are accounted for as an operating lease (Note 21).lease.

2

Disposed land and building (carrying amount:32,232 million) for144,100 million toK-REALTY CR-REIT 2 and leased them in November 2012. The Company recognized gain on disposal of property and equipment of111,868 million and accounted for as an operating lease.

3Off-plan sales amounting to45,010 million, which should have been recorded as a deduction of operating revenue in 2012, was recorded as a deduction of operating revenue in 2013.

27.     Operating Expenses

Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010 2011   2012 2013 2   2014 

Salaries and wages

  (Won)2,623,098   (Won)2,856,020    3,096,766   3,288,942    3,999,952  

Depreciation

   2,864,356    2,646,503     2,894,400    3,107,792     3,186,775  

Amortization of intangible assets

   244,087    312,979     379,678    458,382     588,579  

Commissions

   1,291,873    1,449,446  

Commissions 1

   3,655,057    3,575,488     4,022,427  

Interconnection charges

   1,225,581    1,115,792     901,314    885,479     797,329  

Purchase of handsets

   3,984,934    4,249,972  

International interconnection fee

   309,955    265,467     238,404  

Purchase of inventories

   4,851,295    3,565,948     3,402,529  

Changes of inventories

   (54,761  (35,890   (259,078  320,971     220,791  

Sales commission

   1,910,415    1,866,331  

Service Cost

   1,264,218    1,834,425     1,544,806  

Utilities

   250,347    262,930     271,277    309,497     313,760  

Taxes and Dues

   230,424    219,352     299,567    257,931     241,696  

Rent

   284,257    324,324     371,030    432,543     429,644  

Insurance premium

   243,666    313,056     274,517  

Installation fee

   291,057    260,498     317,684  

Advertising expenses

   181,644    184,544     150,399    161,013     159,645  

Research and development expenses

   305,658    175,917     153,171    171,461     192,022  

Card service cost

   2,771,383    2,702,653     2,883,060  

Others

   2,976,491    4,388,110     1,318,518    1,822,951     1,576,161  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)18,318,404   (Won)20,016,330    22,963,673   23,734,497    24,389,781  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

   

 

 

1The sales commission is included in commissions

232,835 million of Operating expenses related to off-plan sales, which should have been recorded as a deduction of operating expenses in 2012, was recorded as a deduction of operating expenses in 2013.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Details of salaries and wages for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 20112014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010   2011   2012   2013   2014 

Short-term employee benefits

  (Won)2,458,527    (Won)2,601,675    2,885,024    3,031,435    2,703,266  

Post-employment benefits

   132,153     202,862  

Share-based payment (Note 25)

   6,794     6,726  

Termination benefits

   25,624     44,757  

Post-employment benefits (Defined benefit plan)

   210,365     217,062     862,893  

Post-employment benefits (Defined contribution plan)

   1,703     23,857     25,423  

Post-employment benefits (Others)

   25,762     12,506     404,743  

Share-based payment

   3,912     4,082     3,627  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)2,623,098    (Won)2,856,020    3,096,766    3,288,942    3,999,952  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

28.    Classification of Operating Income

The Company’s operating income is calculated by deducting operating expenses such as salaries and amortization cost and others, from operating revenue which includes sales of services and others. Major items and related amounts included in operating revenue and expenses are described in Notes 26 and 27.

29.     Financial Income and Expenses

Details of financial income for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010   2011 

Interest income

  (Won)97,440    (Won)151,288  

Foreign currency transaction gain

   21,963     44,217  

Foreign currency translation gain

   64,983     6,097  

Gain on settlement of derivatives

   197     389  

Gain on valuation of derivatives

   54,299     63,959  

Others

   497     1,469  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)239,379    (Won)267,419  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2012   2013   2014 

Interest income

  203,214    108,794    80,840  

Gain on foreign currency transactions

   20,159     37,371     37,246  

Gain on foreign currency translation

   266,623     106,135     34,871  

Gain on settlement of derivatives

   2,824     13,878     2,134  

Gain on valuation of derivatives

   118     627     93,235  

Others

   5,719     12,544     6,574  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  498,657    279,349    254,900  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Details of financial expenses for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010   2011   2012   2013   2014 

Interest expenses

  (Won)489,925    (Won)481,415    472,917    450,302    501,052  

Foreign currency transaction loss

   25,153     34,862  

Foreign currency translation loss

   31,644     85,274  

Loss on foreign currency transactions

   17,974     31,611     26,076  

Loss on foreign currency translation

   7,249     6,518     126,233  

Loss on settlement of derivatives

   1,595     27,055     7,804     16,384     35,240  

Loss on valuation of derivatives

   47,496     9,192     241,358     105,691     25,357  

Loss on disposal of trade receivables

   15,809     8,009     16,464  

Impairment loss on available-for-sale financial assets

   3,401     5,052     70,022  

Others

   2,850     2,418     15,481     23,933     17,999  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)598,663    (Won)640,216    781,993    647,500    818,443  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

30.KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

29.    Deferred Income Tax and Income Tax Expense

The analysisanalyses of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013 2014 

Deferred tax assets

       

Deferred tax assets to be recovered within 12 months

  396,831   273,120  

Deferred tax assets to be recovered after more than 12 months

  (Won)253,806   (Won)273,371   (Won)237,586     979,277    1,416,347  

Deferred tax assets to be recovered within 12 months

   696,865    592,330    787,314  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 
  (Won)950,671   (Won)865,701   (Won)1,024,900     1,376,108    1,689,467  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities

       

Deferred tax liability to be recovered within 12 months

   (1,015  (1,058

Deferred tax liability to be recovered after more than 12 months

   (6,040  (961  (846   (837,614  (753,581

Deferred tax liability to be recovered within 12 months

   (376,095  (303,860  (618,635
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 
  (Won)(382,135 (Won)(304,821 (Won)(619,481   (838,629  (754,639
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net

  (Won)568,536   (Won)560,880   (Won)405,419  

Deferred tax assets after offset

  706,977   1,078,792  

Deferred tax liabilities after offset

  169,498   143,964  
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

The gross movements on the deferred income tax account for the years ended December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are calculated as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010 2011   2013 2014 

Beginning

  (Won)568,536   (Won)560,880    473,475   537,479  

Charged/(credited) to the income statement

   (53,014  (142,012

Charged/(credited) to other comprehensive income

   48,358    36,233  

Charged (credited) to the income statement

   98,680    317,115  

Charged (credited) to other comprehensive income

   (34,676  75,104  

Changes in scope of consolidation

   (3,000  (49,682       5,130  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Ending

  (Won)560,880   (Won)405,419    537,479   934,828  
  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The movement in deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year, without taking into consideration the offsetting of balances within the same tax jurisdiction, is as follows:

 

  2010 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2013 
  Beginning Income
statement
 Other
comprehensive
income
 Changes in
scope of
consolidation
 Ending  Beginning Income
statement
 Other
comprehensive
income
 Ending 

Deferred tax liabilities

           

Derivative financial assets

  (Won)(39,273 (Won)(1,759 (Won)10,178   (Won)   (Won)(30,854  (297 (116    (413

Available-for-sale financial assets

   (10,669  (5,198  (17,985  (33,852

Investment in joint venture and associates

   (48,596  1,406    195        (46,995   (1,652  (30,140  (780  (32,572

Depreciation

   (39,642  33,413            (6,229   (31,898  (38,229      (70,127

Advanced depreciation provision

   (241,265  3,035        (238,230

Deposits for severance benefits

   (244,854  54,861            (189,993   (297,116  29,963    (10  (267,163

Accrued income

   (1,551  849            (702   (1,673  65        (1,608

Prepaid expenses

   220    70        290  

Reserve for technology and human resource development

   (64,570  20,681        (43,889

Others

   (5,625  (24,423          (30,048   (144,650  (6,415      (151,065
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Subtotal

  (Won)(379,541 (Won)64,347   (Won)10,373   (Won)   (Won)(304,821
  (793,570 (26,284 (18,775 (838,629
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Deferred tax assets

           

Derivatives

  21,719   9,377   1,499   32,595  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

  (Won)115,151   (Won)12,889   (Won)   (Won)   (Won)128,040     139,276    13,538        152,814  

Inventory valuation

   10,494    (9,814          680     302    1        303  

Available-for-sale financial assets

   12,147    892    (52      12,987  

Contribution to construction

   39,296    (8,108          31,188  

Contribution for construction

   27,132    (6      27,126  

Accrued expenses

   30,176    (1,687          28,489     27,713    27,576        55,289  

Provisions

   12,051    6,198            18,249     62,696    (28,976      33,720  

Defined benefit liabilities

   194,921    (72,790  38,433        160,564  

Withholdings for facilities expenses

   9,609    (326          9,283  

Property and equipment

   229,253    8,710        237,963  

Retirement benefit obligations

   320,909    16,263    (18,055  319,117  

Withholding of facilities expenses

   8,861    (521      8,340  

Accrued payroll expenses

   37,410    12,345            49,755     32,185    14,536        46,721  

Deduction of installment receivables

   34,603    37,568            72,171     11,524    (4,479      7,045  

Present value discount

   8,922    15,045            23,967     14,900    (9,931      4,969  

Assets retirement obligation

   13,657    1,628            15,285     18,761    485        19,246  

Gain or loss foreign currency translation

   86,843    (5,732          81,111     20,727    (10,491      10,236  

Deferred revenue

   59,560    (5,748          53,812     66,828    (2,389      64,439  

Real-estate sales

   48,327    (45,387          2,940     694    4,720        5,414  

Tax credit carryforwards

   169,615    (80,229          89,386     150,334    14,067        164,401  

Foreign operation translation difference

   2,507        655    3,162  

Others

   65,295    25,895    (396  (3,000  87,794     110,724    72,484        183,208  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Subtotal

  (Won)948,077   (Won)(117,361 (Won)37,985   (Won)(3,000 (Won)865,701  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   1,267,045   124,964   (15,901 1,376,108  

Net balance

  (Won)568,536   (Won)(53,014 (Won)48,358   (Won)(3,000 (Won)560,880  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net balance 1

  473,475   98,680   (34,676 537,479  
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

    2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Beginning  Income
statement
  Other
comprehensive
income
  Changes in
scope of
consolidation
  Ending 

Deferred tax liabilities

      

Derivative financial assets

  (Won)(30,854 (Won)(6,178 (Won)(829 (Won)   (Won)(37,861

Available-for-sale financial assets

   12,987    (27,472  (648  2,188    (12,945

Investment in joint venture and associates

   (46,995  46,083    1,076    (364  (200

Depreciation

   (6,229  (73,284      (2,995  (82,508

Deposits for severance benefits

   (189,993  (83,396  502    1,654    (271,233

Accrued income

   (702  (1,105      (29  (1,836

Reserve for technology and human resource development

       (63,491          (63,491

Others

   (30,048  (60,717      (58,642  (149,407
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Subtotal

  (Won)(291,834 (Won)(269,560 (Won)101   (Won)(58,188 (Won)(619,481
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets

      

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

  (Won)128,040   (Won)(20,556 (Won)106   (Won)4,613   (Won)112,203  

Inventory valuation

   680    (508      422    594  

Contribution for construction

   31,188    (1,887          29,301  

Accrued expenses

   28,489    (4,405      (1  24,083  

Provisions

   18,249    36,248        741    55,238  

Defined benefit liabilities

   160,564    58,518    37,418    748    257,248  

Withholding of facilities expenses

   9,283    106            9,389  

Accrued payroll expenses

   49,755    (21,085          28,670  

Deduction of installment receivables

   72,171    6,709            78,880  

Present value discount

   23,967    10,208        1    34,176  

Assets retirement obligation

   15,285    998            16,283  

Gain or loss foreign currency translation

   81,111    16,524        (3  97,632  

Deferred revenue

   53,812    (2,629          51,183  

Real-estate sales

   2,940    3,516            6,456  

Tax credit carryforwards

   89,386    (8,532          80,854  

Others

   87,794    54,323    (1,392  1,985    142,710  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Subtotal

  (Won)852,714   (Won)127,548   (Won)36,132   (Won)8,506   (Won)1,024,900  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net balance

  (Won)560,880   (Won)(142,012 (Won)36,233   (Won)(49,682 (Won)405,419  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(in millions of Korean won)

  2014 
  Beginning  Income
statement
  Other
comprehensive
income
  Changes in
scope of
consolidation
  Ending 

Deferred tax liabilities

      

Derivative financial assets

  (413 (118    109   (422

Available-for-sale financial assets

   (33,852  (71  (7,076  183    (40,816

Investment in joint venture and associates

   (32,572  (10,986  (1,120      (44,678

Advanced depreciation provision

   (238,230  100            (238,130

Depreciation

   (70,127  17,889        (145  (52,383

Deposits for severance benefits

   (267,163  66,449        (4,272  (204,986

Accrued income

   (1,608  (67          (1,675

Prepaid expenses

   290    128        9    427  

Reserve for technology and human resource development

   (43,889  21,252            (22,637

Others

   (151,065  9,790        (8,064  (149,339
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  (838,629 104,366   (8,196 (12,180 (754,639
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets

      

Derivatives

  32,595   (23,298 8,877      18,174  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   152,814    (10,434      426    142,806  

Inventory valuation

   303    (106      (216  (19

Contribution for construction

   27,126    (5,086          22,040  

Accrued expenses

   55,289    (7,719      3,057    50,627  

Provisions

   33,720    (5,232      (158  28,330  

Property and equipment

   237,963    1,720            239,683  

Retirement benefit obligations

   319,117    (101,742  75,549    4,573    297,497  

Withholding of facilities expenses

   8,340    (531          7,809  

Accrued payroll expenses

   46,721    (26,121      (824  19,776  

Deduction of installment receivables

   7,045    (2,735          4,310  

Present value discount

   4,969    (3,196      (5  1,768  

Assets retirement obligation

   19,246    (961      77    18,362  

Gain or loss foreign currency translation

   10,236    6,850        (106  16,980  

Deferred revenue

   64,439    167        43    64,649  

Real-estate sales

   5,414    (4,542          872  

Tax credit carryforwards

   164,401    38,877            203,278  

Foreign operation translation difference

   3,162        (1,126      2,036  

Tax loss carryforward

       411,755            411,755  

Others

   183,208    (54,917      10,443    138,734  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  1,376,108   212,749   83,300   17,310   1,689,467  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net balance 1

  537,479   317,115   75,104   5,130   934,828  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

1Deferred tax liabilities, amounting to2,232 million (2013: Deferred tax liabilities of1,680 million) that are related to the tax receivable of certain subsidiaries’ undistributed profit, are not recognized as of December 31, 2014. This undistributed profit is permanently reinvested. As of December 31, 2014, temporary difference of unrecognized deferred tax liabilities is22,241 million (2013:143,483 million).

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The tax impacts recognized directly to equity as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

(in millions of

Korean won)

 Before
recognition
  Tax
effect
  After
recognition
  Before
recognition
  Tax
effect
  After
recognition
  Before
recognition
  Tax
effect
  After
recognition
 

Available-for-sale valuation gain (loss)

 (Won)8,651   (Won)(1,907 (Won)6,744   (Won)10,874   (Won)(2,392 (Won)8,482   (Won)85,974   (Won)(18,034 (Won)67,940  

Hedge instruments valuation gain (loss)

  (23,559  280    (23,279  (59,142  710    (58,432  (30,629  368    (30,261

Actuarial gain (loss)

              (188,113  41,385    (146,728  (326,658  71,865    (254,793

Shares of other comprehensive gain (loss) of joint ventures and associates

  503    (111  392    3,553    (782  2,771    (2,458  541    (1,917

Shares of actuarial gain (loss) of Joint ventures and associates

              (305  67    (238  (2,764  608    (2,156

Others

  (318,483  47    (318,436  (318,898  81    (318,817  (317,577  157    (317,420
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 (Won)(332,888 (Won)(1,691 (Won)(334,579 (Won)(552,031 (Won)39,069   (Won)(512,962 (Won)(594,112 (Won)55,505   (Won)(538,607
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  2012  2013  2014 

(in millions of
Korean won)

 Before
recognition
  Tax
effect
  After
recognition
  Before
recognition
  Tax
effect
  After
recognition
  Before
recognition
  Tax
effect
  After
recognition
 

Available-for-sale valuation gain (loss)

 25,181   (6,094 19,087   74,317   (17,985 56,332   29,239   (7,076 22,163  

Hedge instruments valuation gain (loss)

  33,743    (8,166  25,577    (6,195  1,499    (4,696  (36,682  8,877    (27,805

Remeasurements from net defined benefit liabilities

  (172,153  41,661    (130,492  74,648    (18,065  56,583    (312,186  75,549    (236,637

Shares of gain (loss) of joint ventures and associates

  (13,009  3,148    (9,861  3,221    (780  2,441    4,628    (1,120  3,508  

Foreign operation translation difference

  (8,766  2,121    (6,645  (2,708  655    (2,053  4,652    (1,126  3,526  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 (135,004 32,670   (102,334 143,283   (34,676 108,607   (310,349 75,104   (235,245
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Details of income tax expensesexpense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 20112014 are calculated as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010   2011 

Current income tax expenses

   352,471     229,861  

Impact of change in temporary difference

   53,014     160,126  

Impact of change in tax rate 1

        (18,114
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total income tax expense

  (Won)405,485    (Won)371,873  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense from continued operations

   396,369     316,735  

Income tax expense for discontinued operations

   9,116     55,138  

(in millions of Korean won)

  2012  2013  2014 

Current income tax expenses

  302,278   148,259   50,780  

Impact of change in deferred taxes

   (24,409  (98,680  (317,115
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

  277,869   49,579   (266,335
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

1

During the year, as a result of the change in the Korean corporation tax rate from 22% to 24.2% that was enacted on December 31, 2011, the relevant deferred tax balances have been re-measured. Deferred tax expected to be realized in the year to December 31, 2011, has been measured using the effective rate 24.2% applicable for the period.

The tax on the Company’s profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average tax rate applicable to profits of the consolidated entities as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010  2011 

Profit before continuing operations before income tax expenses

  (Won)1,681,273   (Won)1,597,886  

Expected tax expense at statutory tax rate

   406,868    386,688  

Tax effects of

   

Income not subject to tax

   (6,199  (394,462

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes

   36,466    396,673  

Tax credit carry forwards and deductions

   (87,666  (169,057

Changes in unrealizable deferred tax assets

   957    10,188  

Deferred tax effects due to changes in tax rates and others

   25,362    85,146  

Others

   20,581    1,559  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income tax expenses for continuing operations

  (Won)396,369   (Won)316,735  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Average effective tax rate

   23.6  19.8
   2012  2013  2014 

Loss before income tax (benefit)

  1,414,842   (38,166 (1,207,748
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Statutory income tax (benefit)

  342,392   (9,236 (292,275

Tax effect

    

Income not taxable for taxation purposes

   (1,407  (25,130  (44,145

Non deductible expenses

   39,136    87,220    62,127  

Tax credit

   (83,311  (15,673  (39,505

Additional payment of income taxes

   59,755    (5,910  1,079  

Tax effect and adjustment on consolidation

       (4,251  3,949  

Derecognition in deferred tax income

   (55,006  10,815    (3,878

Others

   (23,690  11,744    46,313  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

  277,869   49,579   (266,335
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

31.30.    Earnings Per Share

Calculation of earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, are as follows:

1) Basic earnings per share from continuing operations

Basic earnings per share from continuing operations is calculated by dividing the profit from continuing operations attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding during the period, excluding common stocks purchased by the Company and held as treasury stock (Note 24).stock.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Basic earnings per share from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011, are2014 is calculated as follows:

 

   2010   2011 

Profit from continuing operations attributable to common stock
(in millions of Korean won)

  (Won)1,273,191    (Won)1,276,512  

Weighted average number of common stock outstanding

   243,207,149     243,268,052  

Basic earnings per share from continuing operations
(in Korean won)

  (Won)5,235    (Won)5,247  

2) Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations

Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations is calculated by dividing the profit from discontinued operations attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding during the period, excluding common stocks purchased by the Company and held as treasury stock (Note 24).

Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, are calculated as follows:

    2010   2011 

Profit from discontinued operations attributable to common stock
(in millions of Korean won)

  (Won)22,650    (Won)170,039  

Weighted average number of common stock outstanding

   243,207,149     243,268,052  

Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations
(in Korean won)

  (Won)93    (Won)699  

3) Basic earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding during the year, excluding common stocks purchased by the Company and held as treasury stock (Note 24).

Basic earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, are calculated as follows:

   2010   2011 

Net income attributable to common stock
(in millions of Korean won)

  (Won)1,295,841    (Won)1,446,551  

Weighted average number of common stock outstanding

   243,207,149     243,268,052  

Basic earnings per share
(in Korean won)

  (Won)5,328    (Won)5,946  

4) Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations

   2012  2013  2014 

Profit (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stock
(in millions of Korean won)

  1,075,694   (189,931 (1,030,240

Profit (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to common stock
(in millions of Korean won)

   (29,567        
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   1,046,127    (189,931  (1,030,240
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Weighted average number of common stock outstanding

   243,517,103    243,737,431    244,433,771  

Basic earnings (loss) per share

  4,296   (779 (4,215

Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations
(in Korean won)

   4,417    (779  (4,215

Basic earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations

   (121        

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential common stocks. The Company has dilutive potential common stocks from stock options.

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 20102012 and 2011, are2013, 2014 is calculated as follows:

 

   2010   2011 

Profit from continuing operations attributable to common stock
(in millions of Korean won)

  (Won)1,273,191    (Won)1,276,512  

Adjusted Profit from continuing operations attributable to common stock
(in millions of Korean won)

   1,273,191     1,276,512  

Number of dilutive potential common shares outstanding

   18,081     32,960  

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares

   243,225,230     243,301,012  

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations
(in Korean won)

  (Won)5,235    (Won)5,247  

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations is calculated by dividing adjusted profit from continuing operations attributable to equity holders of the Company by the sum of the number of common stocks and dilutive potential common stocks. Certain stock options and other share-based payments have no dilutive effect and are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share from continuing operations.

  2012  2013  2014 

Adjusted Profit (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stock(in millions of Korean won)

 1,075,694   (190,485 (1,030,253

Adjusted Profit (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to common stock(in millions of Korean won)

  (29,567        
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
 1,046,127   (190,485 (1,030,253
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Number of dilutive potential common shares outstanding

  23,851          

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares

  243,540,954    243,737,431    244,443,771  

Diluted earnings (loss) per share(in Korean won)

  4,296    (782  (4,215

Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations
(in Korean won)

  4,417    (782  (4,215

Diluted earnings (loss) per share from discontinued operations
(in Korean won)

  (121        

5) Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations

Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential common stocks. The Company has dilutive potential common stocks from stock options.

Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, are calculated as follows:

    2010   2011 

Profit from discontinued operations attributable to common stock (in millions of Korean won)

  (Won)22,650    (Won)170,039  

Adjusted profit from discontinued operations attributable to common stock (in millions of Korean won)

   22,650     170,039  

Number of dilutive potential common shares outstanding

   18,081     32,960  

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares

   243,225,230     243,301,012  

Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations (in Korean won)

  (Won)93    (Won)699  

Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations is calculated by dividing adjusted profit from discontinued operations attributable to equity holders of the Company by the sum of the number of common stocks and dilutive potential common stocks. Certain stock options and other share-based payments have no dilutive effect and are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations.

6) Diluted earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of common stocks outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential common stocks. The Company has dilutive potential common stocks from stock options.

Diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, are calculated as follows:

    2010   2011 

Net income attributable to common stock (in millions of Korean won)

  (Won)1,295,841    (Won)1,446,551  

Adjusted net income attributable to common stock(in millions of Korean won)

   1,295,841     1,446,551  

Number of dilutive potential common shares outstanding

   18,081     32,960  

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares

   243,225,230     243,301,012  

Diluted earnings per share(in Korean won)

  (Won)5,328    (Won)5,946  

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing adjusted net income attributable to equity holders of the Company by the sum of the number of common stocks and dilutive potential common stocks. Certain stock options and other share-based payments have no dilutive effect and are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.

32.    Dividends31.    Dividend

The dividends paid by the Controlling Company in 20112012, 2013 and 20102014 were(Won)586,150486,602 million ((Won)2,4102,000 per share) and(Won)486,393487,445 million ((Won)2,000 per share),195,112 million (800 per share), respectively. A dividend in respect ofThe Company has no plan to propose dividends for the year ended December 31, 2011, of(Won)2,000 per share, amounting to a total dividend of(Won)486,602 million, was approved2014, and no dividends were proposed at the shareholders’ meeting on March 16, 2012. These consolidated financial statements do not reflect this dividend payable.27, 2015.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

33.32.    Cash Generated from Operations

Cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 20112014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010  2011 

1. Profit for the period

  (Won)1,314,884   (Won)1,452,019  

2. Adjustments to reconcile net income

   

Income tax expenses

   396,369    316,735  

Interest income 1

   (257,483  (325,028

Interest expense 1

   585,462    588,366  

Depreciation

   2,972,503    2,671,858  

Amortization of intangible assets

   266,299    319,875  

Provision for severance benefits

   160,095    250,576  

Bad debt expenses

   204,009    168,096  

Income or losses from jointly controlled entities and associates 2

   (33,182  473  

Gain or loss on disposal of jointly controlled entities and associates

   (16,727  (190,631

Impairment on jointly controlled entities and associates

       5,107  

Impairment on property and equipment

   10,464    18,594  

Gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment

   62,425    (226,571

Contribution of provisions

   58,253    59,116  

Reversal of provisions

   (12,909  (4,963

Foreign currency translation gain (loss)

   (33,339  79,189  

Gain or loss on valuation of derivatives

   (5,405  (28,101

Others

   (83,628  (282,083

3. Changes in operating assets and liabilities

   

Increase in trade receivables

   (1,033,307  (1,412,493

Decrease in other receivables

   208    879,746  

Increase in loans receivable

   (285,207  (152,497

Increase in finance lease receivables

   (156,863  (183,669

Increase in other assets

   (167,179  (79,175

Decrease in inventories

   55,954    32,113  

Increase in trade payables

   142,014    98,761  

Decrease in other payables

   (393,388  (1,077,806

Increase in other liabilities

   (3,034  62,579  

Decrease in provisions

   264,900    29,365  

Increase in deferred revenue

   219,629    196,507  

Increase in contribution on plan assets

   (3,848  (125,984

Payment of severance benefits

   (955,910  (235,037
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

4. Net cash provided by operating activities (1+2+3)

  (Won) 3,272,059   (Won)2,905,037  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

1Interest income of(Won)173,740 million (2010:(Won)160,043 million) recognized as operating revenues and interest expense(Won)106,951million (2010:(Won)95,537 million) recognized as operating expense are included.

2Operating revenue of(Won)2,701 million (2010:(Won)622 million) and operating expenses of(Won)136 million (2010:(Won)126 million) from jointly controlled entities and associates are included.

(in millions of Korean won)

  2012  2013  2014 

1. Profit (loss) for the year

  1,105,439   (87,745 (941,413

2. Adjustments to reconcile net income

    

Income tax expenses (income)

   277,869    49,579    (266,335

Interest income

   (387,396  (279,392  (237,975

Interest expense

   589,727    548,129    578,210  

Dividends income

   (6,370  (20,841  (15,007

Depreciation

   2,925,170    3,141,846    3,242,346  

Amortization of intangible assets

   388,663    478,902    612,418  

Provision for severance benefits

   219,128    227,564    869,066  

Bad debt expenses

   150,389    189,665    231,934  

Gain from jointly controlled entities and associates

   (24,308  (10,222  (24,361

Loss (gain) on disposal of jointly controlled entities and associates

   (125,754  1,254    8,036  

Impairment loss on jointly controlled entities and associates

   3,202    6,006      

Loss on disposal of subsidiaries

           11,028  

Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment

   (407,485  393,567    133,374  

Loss (gain) on disposal of intangible assets

   (1,402  52,008    17,528  

Loss on impairment of intangible assets

   6,115    36,207    87,275  

Loss (gain) on foreign currency translation

   (259,374  (99,617  91,362  

Loss (gain) on valuation of derivatives

   242,979    105,248    (34,011

Impairment losses on available for sale financial assets

   3,401    5,052    70,022  

Loss (gain) on disposal of available for sale financial assets

   (4,830  (2,339  13,495  

Others

   (94,987  (56,620  (26,101

3. Changes in operating assets and liabilities

    

Decrease in trade receivables

   1,848,011    938,495    13,008  

Decrease (increase) in other receivables

   (533,319  (7,194  170,497  

Decrease (increase) in loans receivable

   47,990    (156,418  47,044  

Decrease in finance lease receivables

   130,987    147,735    138,208  

Decrease (increase) in other current assets

   (60,274  40,905    271,475  

Increase in other non-current assets

   (26,719  (762,032  (1,200,843

Decrease (increase) in inventories

   (286,513  169,567    301,210  

Increase (decrease) in trade payables

   177,577    (145,363  (417,944

Increase (decrease) in other payables

   948,480    (69,265  (260,421

Increase (decrease) in other current liabilities

   (48,256  222,609    19,010  

Increase (decrease) in other non-current liabilities

   (147,820  (40,999  38,030  

Increase (decrease) in provisions

   (86,715  (150,457  26,029  

Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue

   153,034    (66,519  1,359  

Decrease (increase) in plan assets

   (165,755  249,102    238,987  

Payment of severance benefits

   (111,192  (371,157  (1,427,229
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

4. Net cash provided by operating activities (1+2+3)

   6,439,692    4,677,260    2,379,311  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Significant transactions not affecting cash flows for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010   2011 

Reclassification of the current portion of bonds payable

  (Won)1,920,773    (Won)1,080,549  

Reclassification of construction-in-progress to property and equipment

   2,383,898     3,165,808  

(in millions of Korean won)

  2012   2013  2014 

Reclassification of the current portion of bonds payable

  2,157,522    1,791,454   1,805,553  

Reclassification of construction-in-progress to property and equipment

   3,142,858     2,314,925    2,478,164  

Reclassification of accounts payable from property and equipment

   68,766     181,816    310,270  

Reclassification of accounts payable from intangible assets

        567,550    179,395  

Reclassification of payable from defined benefit liability

        (84,689  26,250  

Reclassification of payable from plan assets

        (79,177  20,695  

Exercise of convertible bonds

            19,052  

34.KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

33.    Segment Information

The Company’s operating segments are as follows:

 

Details

  

Business service

Personal CustomerCustomer/Marketing Group ("Personal")1

  PersonalTelecommunication service to mass customers using PCS and Wibroconvergence business

Home / Enterprise CustomerSales Group (“Home” / “Enterprise”)1

  Telephone, internet,Telecommunication service to global market and enterprise customers and data service

Finance / Rental Business Group

Credit card, loan, lease and others

Others Group

  Facilities, installment financing,Satellite TV, and others

1The names of some operating segments have changed, from Telecommunication & Convergence/Customer Group and Global & Enterprise Group in prior period to Customer/Marketing Group and Enterprise Sales Group in current period, respectively.

Details of each segment for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

   2010 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Operating
revenues
  Operating
income (loss)
  Depreciation
and Amortization
 

Personal

  (Won)9,715,134   (Won)902,014   (Won)1,383,402  

Home/Enterprise

   10,193,591    1,091,903    1,655,961  

Others

   2,716,780    67,238    83,673  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Sub-total

   22,625,505    2,061,155    3,123,036  

Elimination

   (2,299,230  (53,284  (14,593
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Consolidated amount

  (Won) 20,326,275   (Won)2,007,871   (Won)3,108,443  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Operating
revenues
  Operating
income (loss)
  Depreciation
and Amortization
 

Personal

  (Won)10,026,309   (Won)1,087,406   (Won)1,177,272  

Home/Enterprise

   10,140,508    938,520    1,660,489  

Others

   4,696,234    106,485    129,139  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Sub-total

   24,863,051    2,132,411    2,966,900  

Elimination

   (2,873,000  (158,690  (7,418
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Consolidated amount

  (Won)21,990,051   (Won)1,973,721   (Won)2,959,482  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   2012 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Operating
revenues
  Operating
income (loss)
  Depreciation
and Amortization
 

Customer/Marketing Group

  15,932,278   733,461   2,440,338  

Enterprise Sales Group

   2,930,958    327,300    485,267  

Finance/Rental Group

   3,717,181    185,220    181,904  

Others Group

   4,252,074    83,039    147,238  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   26,832,491    1,329,020    3,254,747  

Elimination

   (2,188,719  351,079    19,331  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Consolidated amount

  24,643,772   1,680,099   3,274,078  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Operating
revenues
  Operating
income(loss)
  Depreciation
and Amortization
 

Customer/Marketing Group

  14,938,037   51,853   2,445,321  

Enterprise Sales Group

   2,917,116    235,728    486,258  

Finance/Rental Group

   4,053,481    279,856    400,223  

Others Group

   5,093,995    287,482    233,322  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   27,002,629    854,919    3,565,124  

Elimination

   (2,944,748  (531,535  1,050  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Consolidated amount

  24,057,881   323,384   3,566,174  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Operating
revenues
  Operating
income (loss)
  Depreciation
and Amortization
 

Customer/Marketing Group

  14,566,755   (797,804 2,534,392  

Enterprise Sales Group

   2,916,662    97,081    489,016  

Finance/Rental Group

   4,550,754    322,012    465,304  

Others Group

   4,819,391    (213,828  273,208  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   26,853,562    (592,539  3,761,920  

Elimination

   (3,126,184  (69,864  13,434  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Consolidated amount

  23,727,378   (662,403 3,775,354  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The geographic dataregional segment information provided to the management for the geographic datareportable segments as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  Operating revenues   Non-current assets1 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Operating revenues   Non-current assets 1 
  2010   2011   1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   2012   2013   2014   2013   2014 

Location

                    

Domestic

  (Won)20,287,117    (Won)21,934,481    (Won)16,172,144    (Won)15,677,411    (Won)17,325,954    24,609,126    23,999,635    23,645,855    21,143,152    20,867,205  

Overseas

   39,158     55,570     194,303     202,267     49,936     34,646     58,246     81,523     176,700     204,654  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)20,326,275    (Won)21,990,051    (Won)16,366,447    (Won)15,879,678    (Won)17,375,890    24,643,772    24,057,881    23,727,378    21,319,852    21,071,859  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

1

Non-current assets include fixed assets, intangible assets (excluding goodwill) and investment property.

Assets and liabilities of each segments as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Non-finance   Finance
/Rental
   Total   Adjustment  Consolidated
amount
 

Assets

         

Current

  7,023,358    3,920,164    10,943,522    (971,603 9,971,919  

Trade and other receivables

   4,142,237     1,864,709     6,006,946     (767,377  5,239,569  

Short-term loans

        889,418     889,418     (50,694  838,724  

Inventories

   649,754     25,596     675,350     (1,732  673,618  

Other assets

   2,231,367     1,140,441     3,371,808     (151,800  3,220,008  

Non-current

   24,060,958     3,730,135     27,791,093     (2,912,895  24,878,198  

Trade and other receivables

   796,622     68,877     865,499     (52,028  813,471  

Long-term loans

        542,267     542,267     (32,394  509,873  

Property, equipment and intangible assets (including investment property)

   18,817,659     1,931,006     20,748,665     571,187    21,319,852  

Other assets

   4,446,677     1,187,985     5,634,662     (3,399,660  2,235,002  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

  31,084,316    7,650,299    38,734,615    (3,884,498 34,850,117  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities

         

Current

  8,452,101    3,716,585    12,168,686    (944,570 11,224,116  

Trade and other payables

   5,866,180     2,344,098     8,210,278   �� (796,455  7,413,823  

Borrowings

   1,785,879     1,224,852     3,010,731     9,975    3,020,706  

Other liabilities

   800,042     147,635     947,677     (158,090  789,587  

Non-current

   8,238,497     2,938,773     11,177,270     (388,685  10,788,585  

Trade and other payables

   919,486     168,630     1,088,116     (29,232  1,058,884  

Borrowings

   6,024,803     2,561,893     8,586,696     (123,509  8,463,187  

Other liabilities

   1,294,208     208,250     1,502,458     (235,944  1,266,514  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  16,690,598    6,655,358    23,345,956    (1,333,255 22,012,701  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

35.KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Non-finance   Finance
/Rental
   Total   Adjustment  Consolidated
amount
 

Assets

         

Current

  6,047,980    3,431,308    9,479,288    (705,453 8,773,835  

Trade and other receivables

   3,898,572     1,479,240     5,377,812     (566,762  4,811,050  

Short-term loans

        759,684     759,684     (49,316  710,368  

Inventories

   385,984     31,972     417,956     927    418,883  

Other assets

   1,763,424     1,160,412     2,923,836     (90,302  2,833,534  

Non-current

   24,347,003     3,990,853     28,337,856     (3,312,416  25,025,440  

Trade and other receivables

   856,756     59,701     916,457     (67,594  848,863  

Long-term loans

        587,218     587,218     (2,304  584,914  

Property, equipment and intangible assets (including investment property)

   18,111,139     2,230,419     20,341,558     730,301    21,071,859  

Other assets

   5,379,108     1,113,515     6,492,623     (3,972,819  2,519,804  
 ��

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

  30,394,983    7,422,161    37,817,144    (4,017,869 33,799,275  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities

         

Current

  7,683,942    3,079,278    10,763,220    (776,073 9,987,147  

Trade and other payables

   5,108,735     1,967,354     7,076,089     (667,978  6,408,111  

Borrowings

   1,954,166     1,001,478     2,955,644         2,955,644  

Other liabilities

   621,041     110,446     731,487     (108,095  623,392  

Non-current

   9,341,308     2,814,518     12,155,826     (131,255  12,024,571  

Trade and other payables

   703,587     229,276     932,863     (23,671  909,192  

Borrowings

   7,418,747     2,447,310     9,866,057     (6,316  9,859,741  

Other liabilities

   1,218,974     137,932     1,356,906     (101,268  1,255,638  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  17,025,250    5,893,796    22,919,046    (907,328 22,011,718  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

34.    Related Party Transactions

The list of subsidiariesrelated party of the Company as of December 31, 2011,2014, is described in Note 1.2.as follows:

Relationship

Related parties

Associates and jointly controlled entities

Korea Information & Technology Investment Fund, KT WiBro Infra Co., Ltd.,

K-REALTY CR REIT 1, Mongolian Telecommunications, KT-SB Venture Investment Fund, Boston Global Film & Contents Fund L.P., QTT Global (Group) Company Limited, CU Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Exdell Corporation, Information Technology Solution Bukbu Corporation, Information Technology Solution Nambu Corporation, Information Technology Solution Seobu Corporation, Information Technology Solution Busan Corporation, Information Technology Solution Jungbu Corporation, Information Technology Solution Honam Corporation, Information Technology Solution Daegu Corporation, VANGUARD Private Equity Fund, KT-LIG ACE Private Equity Fund, Smart Channel Co., Ltd., HooH Healthcare Inc., KD Living, Inc., ChungHo EZ-Cash Co., Ltd., JNK Retech Co., Ltd., Harex Info Tech Inc., MOS GS Co., Ltd., MOS Daegu Co., Ltd., MOS Chungcheong Co., Ltd., MOS Gangnam Co., Ltd., MOS GB Co., Ltd., MOS BS Co., Ltd., MOS Honam Co., Ltd., ANIMAX BROADCASTING KOREA Co., Ltd., SPERA Private Equity Fund, QCP New Technology Investment Fund No. 20, KT-IMM Investment Fund, Mirae Asset Good Company Investment Fund No.3, 2010 KIF-IMM IT Investment Fund, Saehacoms Co., Ltd., Oscar Ent. Co., Ltd., KoFC KTC-ORIX Korea-Japan Partnership Private Equity Fund II, Texno Pro Sistem, How Smartmall Private Special Asset Investment Trust, KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund, SP1 Private Equity Fund, LoginD Co., Ltd., KTC-NP-Growth Champ 2011-2 PEF, K-REALTY CR-REIT 6, ISU-kth Contents Investment Fund, U-City Technologies Philippines, Inc., Daiwon Broadcasting Co., Ltd.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The related receivables and payables as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

   1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Receivables   Payables   Receivables   Payables   Receivables   Payables 

Associates

  (Won)11,317    (Won)194,461    (Won)16,933    (Won)335,610    (Won)8,308    (Won)372,457  

Joint Ventures

             1,099     111,120     2,321     125,439  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)11,317    (Won)194,461    (Won)18,032    (Won)446,730    (Won)10,629    (Won)497,896  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  2013 
  Receivables  Payables 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Trade
receivables
  Loans  Other
receivables
  Trade
payables
  Other
payables
 

Associates and jointly controlled entities

 ktcs Corporation 2,079      606   765   14,372  
 ktis Corporation  1,388        95    137    35,416  
 Information Technology Solution Bukbu Corporation  3        610    2    4,555  
 Information Technology Solution Nambu Corporation  2        9        3,989  
 Information Technology Solution Seobu Corporation  8        577        4,095  
 Information Technology Solution Busan Corporation  1        191    20    1,810  
 Information Technology Solution Jungbu Corporation  2        375        3,697  
 Information Technology Solution Honam Corporation  2        239        3,110  
 Information Technology Solution Daegu Corporation  3        198        2,257  
 KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.                  172,081  
 Smart Channel Co., Ltd.  9,717    9,638    39,724    2,261    75  
 K- Realty CR-REITs No.  949        36,000          
 MOS GS Co., Ltd.  74        1    1,763    50  
 MOS Daegu Co., Ltd.  4            1,154    17  
 MOS Chungcheong Co., Ltd.  39        1    1,186    230  
 MOS Gangnam Co., Ltd.  2        1        180  
 MOS GB Co., Ltd.  94        5    2,442    131  
 MOS BS Co., Ltd.  3        1    1,006    53  
 MOS Honam Co., Ltd.,  1        2    1,517    183  
 Others  226    400    1,889    52    1,989  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  14,597   10,038   80,524   12,305   248,290  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

  2014 
  Receivables  Payables 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Trade
receivables
  Loans  Other
receivables
  Trade
payables
  Other
payables
 

Associates and jointly controlled entities

 Information Technology Solution Bukbu Corporation 137       11      7,427  
 Information Technology Solution Nambu Corporation  132        9        5,062  
 Information Technology Solution Seobu Corporation  18        12        4,977  
 Information Technology Solution Busan Corporation  7        15    39    2,293  
 Information Technology Solution Jungbu Corporation  5        2    1    2,305  
 Information Technology Solution Honam Corporation  203        4    1    5,159  
 Information Technology Solution Daegu Corporation  3                2,278  
 KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.                  129,294  
 Smart Channel Co., Ltd.  10,234    9,638    39,724    3,095    26  
 K-Realty CR-REITs No.  948        35,850          
 MOS GS Co., Ltd.  36        1    852      
 MOS Daegu Co., Ltd.  3        26    1,507      
 MOS Chungcheong Co., Ltd.  1        1    1,468    143  
 MOS Gangnam Co., Ltd.  1        1    802      
 MOS GB Co., Ltd.  115        5    1,142      
 MOS BS Co., Ltd.  1        1    956    20  
 MOS Honam Co., Ltd.,  1        2    2,032      
 Others  491        1,789    190    1,124  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
  12,336   9,638   77,453   12,085   160,108  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Significant transactions with related parties for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

   2010   2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Operating
revenue
   Operating
Expenses
   Operating
revenue
   Operating
Expenses
 

Associates

  (Won)169,526    (Won)923,592    (Won)76,419    (Won)870,681  

Joint Ventures

   23,684     55,139     13,531     55,787  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)193,210    (Won)978,731    (Won)89,950    (Won)926,468  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   2012 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Sales   Purchases 

Associates and jointly controlled entities

  KTCS Corporation  44,649    262,227  
  KTIS Corporation   38,144     273,938  
  Information Technology Solution Bukbu Corporation   4,081     26,004  
  Information Technology Solution Nambu Corporation   3,344     31,156  
  Information Technology Solution Seobu Corporation   4,589     33,548  
  Information Technology Solution Busan Corporation   2,750     18,327  
  Information Technology Solution Jungbu Corporation   4,228     26,394  
  Information Technology Solution Honam Corporation   2,845     35,666  
  Information Technology Solution Daegu Corporation   1,872     12,696  
  KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.   6     2,083  
  Smart Channel Co., Ltd.   5,039     1,670  
  K-REALTY CR REIT1   2,038     35,290  
  MOS GS Co., Ltd.   1,033     17,620  
  MOS Daegu Co., Ltd.   429     12,318  
  MOS Chungcheong Co., Ltd   462     12,760  
  MOS Gangnam Co., Ltd.   372     14,474  
  MOS GB Co., Ltd.   1,401     22,113  
  MOS BS Co., Ltd.   575     15,716  
  MOS Honam Co., Ltd.   542     13,799  
  Others   3,002     19,895  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
    121,401    887,694  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Sales   Purchases 

Associates and jointly controlled entities

  KTCS Corporation  45,172    258,203  
  KTIS Corporation   59,537     281,219  
  Information Technology Solution Bukbu Corporation   4,784     29,626  
  Information Technology Solution Nambu Corporation   4,871     33,232  
  Information Technology Solution Seobu Corporation   5,397     34,526  
  Information Technology Solution Busan Corporation   2,920     18,967  
  Information Technology Solution Jungbu Corporation   5,318     27,483  
  Information Technology Solution Honam Corporation   3,122     36,096  
  Information Technology Solution Daegu Corporation   2,048     13,462  
  KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.   9     1,660  
  Smart Channel Co., Ltd.   8,188       
  K-REALTY CR REIT1   2,039     36,349  
  MOS GS Co., Ltd.   1,465     17,337  
  MOS Daegu Co., Ltd.   806     12,061  
  MOS Chungcheong Co., Ltd   819     12,111  
  MOS Gangnam Co., Ltd.   749     15,078  
  MOS GB Co., Ltd.   1,981     22,858  
  MOS BS Co., Ltd.   914     15,117  
  MOS Honam Co., Ltd.   948     13,803  
  Others   2,739     15,766  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
    153,826    894,954  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2014 
  Sales   Purchases 

Associates and jointly controlled entities

  KTCS Corporation 1  59,739    245,648  
  KTIS Corporation 1   78,546     243,336  
  Information Technology Solution Bukbu Corporation   6,787     54,450  
  Information Technology Solution Nambu Corporation   7,574     45,940  
  Information Technology Solution Seobu Corporation   6,388     40,251  
  Information Technology Solution Busan Corporation   4,093     26,174  
  Information Technology Solution Jungbu Corporation   7,187     37,436  
  Information Technology Solution Honam Corporation   4,976     36,081  
  Information Technology Solution Daegu Corporation   3,460     21,006  
  KT Wibro Infra Co., Ltd.   11     1,237  
  Smart Channel Co., Ltd.   14,002     2  
  K-REALTY CR REIT1   2,067     37,413  
  MOS GS Co., Ltd.   1,593     17,063  
  MOS Daegu Co., Ltd.   894     12,092  
  MOS Chungcheong Co., Ltd   867     12,105  
  MOS Gangnam Co., Ltd.   775     16,209  
  MOS GB Co., Ltd.   2,017     21,114  
  MOS BS Co., Ltd.   858     15,762  
  MOS Honam Co., Ltd.   780     14,417  
  Others   4,401     11,903  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 
    207,015    909,639  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

1The transactions for the year ended December 31, 2014, before ktcs and kits were included in consolidation scope.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Key management compensation for the years ended December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 consists of:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010   2011   2012   2013   2014 

Salaries and other short-term benefits

  (Won)3,011    (Won)3,153    3,166    3,203    1,817  

Provision for severance benefits

   150     270     274     335     400  

Stock-based compensation

   2,147     1,990     1,078     842     965  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)5,308    (Won)5,413    4,518    4,380    3,182  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Fund transactions with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows

   2013 
   Loan transactions   Borrowing transactions   Equity
contributions
in cash
 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Loans   Collections   Borrowings   Repayments   

Associates and jointly controlled entities

  ktis Corporation      654              
  KT-SB Venture Investment Fund                       6,000  
  JNK Retech Co., Ltd                       1,176  
  KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund                       2,250  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
        654            9,426  
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

  2014 
     Loan transactions  Borrowing transactions  Equity
contributions
in cash
 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Loans  Collections  Borrowings  Repayments  

Associate

  KT-IMM Investment Fund             1,540  
  HooH Healthcare Inc.              401    3,370  
  KT-CKP New Media Investment Fund                  2,250  
  K-REALTY CR-REIT 6                  7,000  
  ISU-kth Contents Investment Fund                  1,100  
  KoFC KTC-ORIX Korea-Japan Partnership Private Equity Fund II                  136  
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
            401   15,396  
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Payment guarantees and collaterals provided by the Company

As of December 31, 2014, based on the investors’ agreement, the Company has an obligation to provide funding to Smart Channel Co., Ltd., a related company, if Smart Channel Co, Ltd. is unable to fulfill its obligation to pay its payables. The Company pledged investment securities in Smart Channel Co., Ltd. as collateral (Note 20).

There are no collaterals and payment guarantees provided by the related parties.

36.KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

35.    Financial risk management

(1) Financial risk factors

The Company’s activities expose itselfit to a variety of financial risks such as changes in foreign exchange rates,risks: market risk (including currency risk, fair value interest ratesrate risk, cash flow interest rate risk and market prices arising from future commercial transactionsprice risk), credit risk and recognized assets and liabilities.liquidity risk. The Company’s financialoverall risk management is focusedprogram focuses on controlling these risks in its operatingthe unpredictability of financial markets and financing activities.seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Company’s financial performance. The Company uses derivativesderivative financial instruments to hedge certain financial risk exposures such as fair value risk and cash flow risk.exposures.

The Company’s financial policy is set up in the long-term perspective and annually reported to the Board of Directors. The financial risk management is carried out by the Value Management Office, which identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks. The treasury department in the Value Management Office considers various finance market conditions to estimate the effect from the market changes.

1) Market risk

The Company’s market risk management focuses on controlling the extent of exposure to the risk in order to minimize revenue volatility. Market risk is a risk that decreases value or profit of the Company’s portfolio due to changes in market interest rate, foreign exchange rate and other factors.

(i) Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis is performed for each type of market risk to which the Company is exposed. Reasonably possible changes in the relevant risk variable such as prevailing market interest rates, currency rates, equity prices or commodity prices are estimated and if the rate of change in the underlying risk variable is stable, the Company does not alter the chosen reasonably possible change in the risk variable. The reasonably possible change does not include remote or ‘worst case’ scenarios or ‘stress tests’.

(ii) Foreign exchange risk

The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from operating, investing and financing activities. Foreign exchange risk is managed within the range of the possible effect on the Company’s cash flows. Foreign exchange risk unaffecting the Company’s cash flows is not hedged but can be hedged at a particular situation.

As of December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 if the foreign exchange rate had strengthened/weakened by 10% with all other variables held constant, the effects on profit before income tax and shareholders’ equity would have been as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Fluctuation  of
foreign
exchange
rate
  Income
before
tax
  Shareholders’
equity
 

12.31.2010

   +10 (Won)(60,833 (Won)(45,933
   - 10  60,833    45,933  

12.31.2011

   +10  (57,174  (50,471
   - 10  57,174    50,471  

(in millions of Korean won)

  Fluctuation of
foreign exchange  rate
  Income before tax  Shareholders’ equity 

2012.12.31

   +10 (64,746 (52,203
   -10  64,746    52,203  

2013.12.31

   +10 (46,173 (47,888
   -10  46,173    47,888  

2014.12.31

   +10 (45,430 (38,437
   -10  45,430    38,437  

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The above analysis is a simple sensitivity analysis which assumes that all the variables other than foreign exchange rates are held constant. Therefore, the analysis does not reflect any correlation between foreign exchange rates and other variables, nor the management’s decision to decrease the risk.

Details of foreign assets and liabilities of the Company as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 are as follows:

 

(in thousands of foreign currencies)

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011 
Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
   Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
   Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
 

(in thousands of
Foreign currencies)

  2012   2013   2014 
Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
   Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
   Financial
assets
   Financial
liabilities
 

USD

   226,385     2,365,536     201,620     2,421,054     209,742     2,299,644     217,488     2,377,137     254,917     2,225,700     197,221     2,532,614  

SDR

   15,225     8,566     5,721     4,256     1,160     744     494     1,130     1,105     1,211     573     1,027  

JPY

   79,202     19,550,183     970,586     19,913,770     1,080,392     35,446,361     657,947     35,102,877     190,520     30,054,316     34,168     30,051,367  

GBP

   10     51     6     131     7     108     1     9          134          257  

EUR

   276     118     632     1,317     1,239     3,357     5,395     2,614     1,342     4,943     134     177  

DZD

             20,339          18,714          3,770          2,798          929       

AUD

   13                           

CNY

             14,772     991     14,495     700     10,236     197               3,957       

RUR

             1,412,479     238,975            

UZS

             16,679,037     59,788,523               7,920,825     38,727,985     1,805,565          7,978,633       

RWF

             11,962          13,593       

IDR

                       411,687     10,000     347,447                           

KWD

        288                      

HKD

                       158       

BDT

                       299       

COP

                       23,583       

PLN

                       28,195       

VND

                       273,313     93,756  

CHF

                            78  

(iii) Price risk

As of December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 the Company is exposed to equity securities price risk because the securities held by the Company are traded in active markets. If the market prices had increased/decreased by 10% with all other variables held constant, the effects on profit before income tax and shareholders’ equity would have been as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Fluctuation of
price
  Income before tax   Shareholders’
equity
 

12.31.2010

   +10 (Won)    (Won)1,914  
   - 10       (1,914

12.31.2011

   +10 (Won)     4,375  
   - 10       (4,375

(in millions of Korean won)

  Fluctuation of price  Income before tax   Equity 

2012.12.31

   +10     —    4,916  
   -10       (4,916

2013.12.31

   +10     5,535  
   -10       (5,535

2014.12.31

   +10     6,593  
   -10       (6,593

The above analysis is based on the assumption that the equity index had increased/decreased by 10% with all other variables held constant and all the Company’s marketable equity instruments had moved according to the historical correlation with the index.

(iv) Cash flowCashflow and fair value interest rate risk

The Company’s interest rate risk arises from liabilities in foreign currency such as foreign currency bonds payable. Bonds payable in foreign currency issued at variable rates expose the

Company to cash flow interest rate risk which is partially offset by swap transactions. Bonds payable and

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

borrowings issued at fixed rates expose the Company to fair value interest rate risk. The Company sets the policy and operates to minimize the uncertainty of the changes in interest rates and financial costs.

As of December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011,2014 if the market interest rate had increased/decreased by 100bp with other variables held constant, the effects on profit before income tax and shareholders’ equity would be as follows:

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  

Fluctuation of
interest rate

  Income before tax  Shareholders’ equity 

12.31.2010

  + 100 bp  (Won)(660 (Won)(3,618
  - 100 bp   (17,293  (14,603

12.31.2011

  + 100 bp   (1,488  (345
  - 100 bp   (13,108  (14,445

(In millions of Korean won)

  Fluctuation of
interest rate
   Income before tax  Shareholders’ equity 

2012.12.31

   + 100 bp    (562 (368
   - 100 bp     (5,100  (5,361

2013.12.31

   + 100 bp    10,345   12,846  
   - 100 bp     (17,201  (19,017

2014.12.31

   + 100 bp    (4,717 4,892  
   - 100 bp     (4,632  (11,064

The above analysis is a simple sensitivity analysis which assumes that all the variables other than market interest rates are held constant. Therefore, the analysis does not reflect any correlation between market interest rates and other variables, nor the management’s decision to decrease the risk.

2) Credit risk

Credit risk is managed on the Company basis with the purpose of minimizing financial loss. Credit risk arises from the normal transactions and investing activities, where clients or other party fails to discharge an obligation on contract conditions. To manage credit risk, the Company considers the counterparty’s credit based on the counterparty’s financial conditions, default history and other important factors.

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments and deposits with banks and financial institutions, as well as outstanding receivables. To minimize such risk, only the financial institutions with strong credit ratings are accepted.

As of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, maximum exposure to credit risk that are not considered of value of collateral held regarding financial instrument areis as follows.

 

(In millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011   2013   2014 

Cash equivalents (except cash on hand)

  (Won) 1,539,660    (Won)1,152,995    (Won)1,433,839  

Trade and other receivables

   4,515,007     5,318,713     7,882,329  

Cash equivalents(except cash on hand)

  2,065,157    1,884,745  

Trade and other receivables1

   6,053,040     5,659,913  

Loans receivable

   911,229     1,133,221     1,189,331     1,348,597     1,295,282  

Finance lease receivables

   522,765     597,339     736,660     709,937     584,413  

Other financial assets

          

Derivate financial assets

   308,324     250,630     164,434  

Financial instrument

   370,262     116,269     289,628  

Financial assets at fair value through the profit or loss

   15,643     6,983  

Derivative used for hedging

   3,496     41,540  

Time deposits and others

   582,693     455,622  

Available-for-sale financial assets

   3,151     1,565     25,829     25,978     27,870  

Held-to-maturity financial assets

   82     7     7     3,248     7,767  

Financial guarantee contracts 1

   9,469     37,923     57,369  

Performance guarantee contracts 1

        312     910  

Financial guarantee contracts 2

   389,814     55,393  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)8,179,949    (Won)8,608,974    (Won)11,780,336    11,197,603    10,019,528  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

1As of December 31, 2014, the Company is provided with a payment guarantee of674,768 million from Seoul Guarantee Insurance related to the sale of certain accounts receivable arising from the handset sales.

2Total amounts guaranteed by the Company according to the guarantee contractscontracts.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

3) Liquidity risk

The Company manages its liquidity risk by liquidity strategy and plans. The Company considers the maturity of financial assets and financial liabilities and the estimated cash flows from operations.

The table below analysesanalyzes the Company’s liabilities into relevant maturity groups based on the remaining period at the date of the end of each reporting period to the contractual maturity date. These amounts are contractual undiscounted cash flows.

 

  12.31.2010   2013.12.31 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Less than 1 year   1-5 years   More than 5 years   Total   Less than 1 year   1-5 years   More than
5 years
   Total 

Trade and other payables

  (Won)5,436,441    (Won)483,379    (Won)27,179    (Won)5,946,999    7,429,289    789,999    352,928    8,572,216  

Finance lease payables

   46,144     74,188          120,332     22,498     52,877          75,375  

Borrowings

   3,200,317     6,746,895     1,152,118     11,099,330  

Other non-derivative financial liabilities1

   4,183     12,071     4,719     20,973  

Borrowings (including bonds payable)

   3,147,761     5,408,176     3,468,282     12,024,219  

Other non-derivative financial liabilities

        3,166     53,704     56,870  

Financial guarantee contracts1

   37,923               37,923     389,814               389,814  

Obligation guarantee contracts1

   312               312  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)8,725,320    (Won)7,316,533    (Won)1,184,016    (Won)17,225,869    10,989,362    6,254,218    3,874,914    21,118,494  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

  12.31.2011   2014.12.31 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Less than 1 year   1-5 years   More than 5 years   Total   Less than 1 year   1-5 years   More than
5 years
   Total 

Trade and other payables

  (Won)5,708,878    (Won)618,231    (Won)21,771    (Won)6,348,880    6,973,931    1,028,043    254,852    8,256,826  

Finance lease payables

   66,635     116,627          183,262     22,516     37,382          59,898  

Borrowings

   2,546,855     8,144,611     2,139,458     12,830,924  

Other non-derivative financial liabilities 1

        331,170          331,170  

Borrowings (including bonds payable)

   2,986,372     6,508,681     4,162,910     13,657,963  

Other non-derivative financial liabilities

   405     3,441          3,846  

Financial guarantee contracts 1

   57,369               57,369     55,393               55,393  

Performance guarantee contracts 1

   910               910  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  (Won)8,380,647    (Won)9,210,639    (Won)2,161,229    (Won)19,752,515    10,038,617    7,577,547    4,417,762    22,033,926  
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

1

Total amount guaranteed by the Company according to guarantee contracts. Cash flow from financial guarantee contracts is classified as the maturity group in the earliest period when the financial guarantee contracts can be executed

executed.

Cash outflow and inflow of derivatives settled gross or net are undiscounted contractual cash flow and can differ from the amount in the financial statements.

 

  12.31.2010   2012.12.31 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Less than 1 year   1-5 years   More than 5 years   Total   Less than 1 year   1-5 years   More than 5 years   Total 

Outflow

  (Won)613,404    (Won)1,590,493    (Won)43,805    (Won)2,247,702    1,020,494    1,507,287    41,292    2,569,073  

Inflow

   753,842     1,660,349     50,909     2,465,100     949,921     1,550,822     45,093     2,545,836  

 

  12.31.2011   2013.12.31 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Less than 1 year   1-5 years   More than 5 years   Total   Less than 1 year   1-5 years   More than 5 years   Total 

Outflow

  (Won)414,646    (Won)1,949,253    (Won)42,541    (Won)2,406,440    971,454    1,377,071    38,795    2,387,320  

Inflow

   436,469     2,038,288     50,053     2,524,810     910,488     1,256,407     41,648     2,208,543  

   2014.12.31 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Less than 1 year   1-5 years   More than 5 years   Total 

Outflow

  242,051    2,282,242    38,795    2,563,088  

Inflow

   210,045     2,217,211     43,418     2,470,674  

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(2) Disclosure of capital management

The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other shareholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.

The Company’s capital structure consists of liabilities including borrowings, cash and cash equivalents, and shareholders’ equity. The treasury department monitors the Company’s capital structure and considers cost of capital and risks related each capital component.

The debtdebt-to-equity ratios as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010  12.31.2010  12.31.2011 

Total liabilities

  (Won)15,948,878   (Won)15,587,548   (Won)19,547,600  

Total equity

   10,714,816    11,354,055    12,537,809  

Gearing ratio

   149  137  156

(in millions of Korean won)

  2013  2014 

Total liabilities

  22,012,701   22,011,718  

Total equity

   12,837,416    11,787,557  

Debt-to-equity ratio

   171  187

The Company manages capital on the basis of the gearing ratio. This ratio is calculated as net debt divided by total capital. Net debt is calculated as total borrowings less cash and cash equivalents. Total capital is calculated as ‘equity’ in the statement of financial position plus net debt.

The gearing ratioratios as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102013 and 2011,2014, are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won, %)

  1.1.2010 12.31.2010 12.31.2011   2013 2014 

Total borrowings

  (Won)9,566,700   (Won)9,382,364   (Won)10,998,552    11,552,103   12,870,392  

Less: cash and cash equivalents

   (1,542,872  (1,161,641  (1,445,169   (2,070,869  (1,888,663
  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

 

Net debt

   8,023,828    8,220,723    9,553,383     9,481,234    10,981,729  

Total equity

   10,714,816    11,354,055    12,537,809     12,837,416    11,787,557  
  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total capital

  (Won)18,738,644   (Won)19,574,778   (Won)22,091,192     22,318,650    22,769,286  

Gearing ratio

   43  42  43   42  48

(3) Fair value estimationOffsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value, by valuation method. The different levels have been defined as follows:

Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1)

Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices) (level 2)

Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs) (level 3)

The following table presentsDetails of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010 and 2011:

   1.1.2010 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 

Assets

        

Available-for-sale

  (Won)15,587    (Won)3,151    (Won)    (Won)18,738  

Derivative financial assets

        308,324          308,324  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)15,587    (Won)311,475    (Won)    (Won)327,062  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities

        

Derivative financial liabilities

  (Won)    (Won)11,279    (Won)    (Won)11,279  

Hedged bonds

        180,023          180,023  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)    (Won)191,302    (Won)    (Won)191,302  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   12.31.2010 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 

Assets

        

Assets at fair value through the profit and loss

  (Won)    (Won)1,173    (Won)    (Won)1,173  

Available-for-sale

   25,469     1,565          27,034  

Derivative financial assets

        250,630          250,630  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)25,469    (Won)253,368    (Won)    (Won)278,837  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities

        

Derivative financial liabilities

  (Won)    (Won)20,471    (Won)    (Won)20,471  

Hedged bonds

        181,244          181,244  

Financial guarantee liabilities

        3,157          3,157  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)    (Won)204,872    (Won)    (Won)204,872  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

    12.31.2011 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 

Assets

        

Assets at fair value through the profit and loss

  (Won)    (Won)1,386    (Won)    (Won)1,386  

Available-for-sale

   101,183     25,829     134,346     261,358  

Derivative financial assets

        164,434          164,434  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)101,183    (Won)191,649    (Won)134,346    (Won)427,178  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities

        

Derivative financial liabilities

  (Won)    (Won)6,548    (Won)2,258    (Won)8,806  

Financial guarantee liabilities

        8,042          8,042  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)    (Won)14,590    (Won)2,258    (Won)16,848  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets is based on quoted market prices at the date of the end of reporting period. A market is regarded as active if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry group, pricing service, or regulatory agency, and those represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis. The quoted market price used forrecognized financial assets held by the Company is the bid price. These instruments are included in level 1. Instruments included in level 1 comprise listed equity investments classified as available-for-sale.

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, over-the-counter derivatives) is determined by using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques maximize the use of observable market data where it is available and rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates. If all significant inputs requiredsubject to fair value of an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2.

If oneenforceable master netting arrangements or more of the significant inputs are not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3.

The changes of the financial instrument included in Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2011similar agreements are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Available-for-sale
financial assets
   Derivative
financial liabilities
 

Beginning

  (Won)    (Won)  

Total profit

          

Income for the year

        (36

Other comprehensive income

   14,850       

Transfer into Level 3 from the cost method

   17,544       

Changes in scope of consolidation

   101,952     (2,222
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending

  (Won)134,346    (Won)(2,258
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Gross
assets
   Gross
liabilities
offset
  Net amounts
presented in
the statement
of  financial
position
   
Amounts not offset
   Net
amount
 
       Financial
instruments
  Cash
collateral
   

Derivative assets for hedging purpose 1

  5,393       5,393    (5,393       

Trade receivables 2

   100,989     (60  100,929     (92,979       7,950  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  106,382    (60 106,322    (98,372     7,950  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The details of equity securities measured at historical cost as of January 1, 2010 and December 31, 20102012, 2013 and 2011, are as follows.2014

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  1.1.2010   12.31.2010   12.31.2011 

SBSKTSPC 1

  (Won)15,000    (Won)25,000    (Won)25,000  

MBCKTSPC 1

   11,000     11,000     11,000  

KBSKTSPC 1

             11,000  

IBK-AUCTUS Green Growth Private Equity Fund 1

   100     7,000     10,340  

ELAND RETAIL.Ltd. 1

             9,998  

Vogo II-2 Investment Holdings Co., Ltd. 1

             4,813  

Revolution Private Equity Fund 1

             4,500  

KoFC-IMM Pioneer Champ 2010-17 venture investment 1

        2,010     3,000  

Enterprise DB Corp. 1

        3,013     3,013  

Others

   66,878     97,087     77,233  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  (Won)92,978    (Won)145,110    (Won)159,897  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Gross
assets
   Gross
liabilities
offset
  Net amounts
presented in
the statement
of financial
position
   
Amounts not offset
   Net
amount
 
       Financial
instruments
  Cash
collateral
   

Derivative assets for hedging purpose 1

  3,225       3,225    (3,225       

Trade receivables 2

   107,179     (1  107,178     (103,704       3,474  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  110,404    (1 110,403    (106,929     3,474  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

1The rangeamount applied with master netting arrangements under the standard contract of cashflow estimates is significantInternational Swap and Derivatives Association(ISDA).

2The amount applied with netting arrangements under the probabilitiesreference offer of the various estimates cannot be reasonably assessedtelecommunication facility interconnection and therefore thesesharing data among telecommunications companies.

The Company’s recognized financial liabilities subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements are as follows:

   2013 

Korean won)

  Gross
liabilities
   Gross
assets
offset
  Net amounts
presented in
the statement
of financial
position
   
Amounts not offset
   Net
amount
 
       Financial
instruments
  Cash
collateral
   

Derivative liabilities for hedging purpose1

  9,889       9,889    (5,393     4,496  

Trade payables 2

   95,754         95,754     (92,979       2,775  

Other payables 2

   11     (2  9              9  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  105,654    (2 105,652    (98,372     7,280  
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

  2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Gross
liabilities
  Gross
assets
offset
  Net amounts
presented in
the statement
of financial
position
  
Amounts not offset
  Net
amount
 
    Financial
instruments
  Cash
collateral
  

Derivative liabilities for hedging purpose 1

 49,016      49,016   (3,225    45,791  

Trade payables 2

  108,669        108,669    (103,704      4,965  

Other payables 2

  2    (1  1            1  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
 157,687   (1 157,686   (106,929    50,757  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

1The amount applied with master netting arrangements under the standard contract of International Swap Sand Derivatives Association(ISDA).

2The amount applied with netting arrangements under the reference offer of the telecommunication facility interconnection and sharing data among telecommunications companies.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

36.    Fair Value

(1) Fair Value of Financial Instruments by Category

Carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments by category as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

   2013   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Carrying
amount
   Fair value   Carrying
amount
   Fair value 

Financial assets

        

Cash and cash equivalents 1

  2,070,869    2,070,869    1,888,663    1,888,663  

Trade and other receivables 1

   6,053,040     6,053,040     5,659,913     5,659,913  

Other financial assets

        

Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss

   15,643     15,643     6,983     6,983  

Derivative financial instruments for hedging purpose

   3,496     3,496     41,540     41,540  

Time deposits and others 1

   582,693     582,693     455,622     455,622  

Held-to-maturity financial assets 1

   3,248     3,248     7,767     7,767  

Available-for-sale financial assets 2

   405,194     405,194     437,285     437,285  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  9,134,183    9,134,183    8,497,773    8,497,773  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities

        

Trade and other liabilities 1

  8,472,707    8,472,707    7,317,303    7,317,303  

Financial lease liabilities

   68,210     68,210     55,007     55,007  

Borrowings

   11,483,893     11,499,645     12,815,385     12,821,442  

Other financial liabilities

        

Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss

   2,956     2,956     3,980     3,980  

Derivative financial instruments for hedging purpose

   150,612     150,612     122,012     122,012  

Financial guarantee liability 1

   15,984     15,984     5,434     5,434  

Other financial liabilities 1

   73,080     73,080     82,816     82,816  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  20,267,442    20,283,194    20,401,937    20,407,994  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

1The Company did not conduct fair value estimation since the book value is a reasonable approximation of the fair value.

2Equity instruments that do not have a quoted price in an active market are measured at cost.cost because their fair value cannot be measured reliably and excluded from the fair value disclosures.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(2) Financial Instruments Measured at Cost

Available-for-sale financial assets measured at cost as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

  2013   2014 

SBS KT SPC

  25,000      

IBK-AUCTUS Green Growth Private Equity Fund

   14,318     14,068  

MBC KT SPC

   11,000       

Ustream Inc

   11,295       

CBC II Fund

   6,633     9,548  

TRANSLINK No.2 Fund

   8,080     9,104  

KBS KT SPC

   11,000     7,000  

WALDEN No.6 Fund

   5,956     5,749  

Storm IV Fund

   3,501     5,162  

Enterprise DB (Convertible Preferred Stock)

   3,013     3,013  

The 1st Praxis PE

   3,000       

AMOGREENTECH

   3,000     3,000  

Ars Magna Private Equity Fund

        3,000  

Kokam Co., Ltd.

   2,794     2,794  

KDBC-IMM No.1 Private Equity Fund

        2,499  

Nexenta Systems (Convertible Preferred Stock)

   2,260     2,260  

Nexenta Systems

   1,029     2,159  

BK Constant Recovery Private Equity Fund

        2,000  

HNNSC Private Equity Fund

        2,000  

KDBC-EN Agro Private Equity Fund

        2,000  

Eco 2014 Private Equity Fund

        2,000  

IMM Infra No.2

        2,000  

K- Realty CR-REITs No.6

        2,000  

Newkyunggi Resort Corp

   1,240     1,214  

Goods Flow Co., Ltd.

   1,000     1,000  

KaKao Co., Ltd

   1,000       

Kamur No.1 Private Equity Fund

   2,000       

Others

   25,314     4,701  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  142,433    88,271  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The range of cashflow estimates is significant and the probabilities of the various estimates cannot be reasonably assessed and therefore, these instruments are measured at cost.

The Company does not have any plans to dispose of the above-mentioned equities instruments in the near future. These instruments will be measured at fair value when the Company can develop a reliable estimate of the fair value.

(3) Fair Value Hierarchy

Assets measured at fair value or for which the fair value is disclosed are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, and the defined levels are as follows:

Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1).

Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices) (Level 2).

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs) (Level 3).

Fair value hierarchy classifications of the financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value or its fair value is disclosed as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

   2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 

Recurring fair value measurements

        

Other financial assets

        

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

      499    15,144    15,643  

Derivative financial assets for hedging purpose

             3,496     3,496  

Available-for-sale financial assets

   55,347     57,533     292,314     405,194  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   55,347     58,032     310,954     424,333  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Disclosed fair value

        

Jointly controlled entities and associates

   69,840               69,840  

Investment property 1

             2,051,183     2,051,183  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   69,840          2,051,183     2,121,023  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  125,187    58,032    2,362,137    2,545,356  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recurring fair value measurements

        

Other financial liabilities

        

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

      6    2,950    2,956  

Derivative financial liabilities for hedging purpose

        113,980     36,632     150,612  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
        113,986     39,582     153,568  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Disclosed fair value

        

Borrowings

             11,499,645     11,499,645  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
             11,499,645     11,499,645  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
      113,986    11,539,227    11,653,213  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

   2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 

Recurring fair value measurements

        

Other financial assets

        

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

          6,983    6,983  

Derivative financial assets for hedging purpose

        34,198     7,342     41,540  

Available-for-sale financial assets

   65,932     42,093     329,260     437,285  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   65,932     76,291     343,585     485,808  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Disclosed fair value

        

Jointly controlled entities and associates

   8,247               8,247  

Investment property 1

             2,277,234     2,277,234  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   8,247          2,277,234     2,285,481  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  74,179    76,291    2,620,819    2,771,289  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recurring fair value measurements

        

Other financial liabilities

        

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

          3,980     3,980  

Derivative financial liabilities for hedging purpose

        122,012          122,012  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
        122,012     3,980     125,992  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Disclosed fair value

        

Borrowings

             12,821,442     12,821,442  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
             12,821,442     12,821,442  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
      122,012    12,825,442    12,947,434  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

1The highest and best use of a non-financial asset does not differ from its current use.

(4) Transfers Between Fair Value Hierarchy Levels of Recurring Fair Value Measurements

(a) Details of transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy for the recurring fair value measurements are as follows:

There are no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy for the recurring fair value measurements.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(b) Details of changes in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the recurring fair value measurements are as follows:

  2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Interest rate
swap
  Other
derivative
assets
  Derivative
financial
assets for
hedging
purpose
  Available-
for-sale
  Other
derivative
liabilities
  Financial
liabilities
designated
as at fair
value
through
profit or
loss
  Derivative
financial
liabilities
for
hedging
purpose
 

Beginning balance

 1   6,287   20,511   217,201      3,153   23,540  

Reclassification

  15,633        (15,633                

Amount recognized in profit or loss

  (8,395  2,469    127    (3,844  148    (351  9,268  

Amount recognized in other comprehensive income

          (1,509  95,434            3,824  

Purchases

              3,009              

Sales

      (851      (29,851            

Transfer into Level 3 (From Cost method)

              10,365              
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

 7,239   7,905   3,496   292,314   148   2,802   36,632  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

  2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Interest rate
swap
  Other
derivative
assets
  Derivative
financial
assets for
hedging
purpose
  Available-
for-sale
  Other
derivative
liabilities
  Financial
liabilities
designated
as at fair
value
through
profit or
loss
  Derivative
financial
liabilities
for
hedging
purpose
 

Beginning balance

 7,239   7,905   3,496   292,314   148   2,802   36,632  

Reclassification

              (5,836            

Amount recognized in profit or loss

  (1  (395  5,315    (3,483  32    532      

Amount recognized in other comprehensive income

          (1,469  21,006              

Purchases

              34,322    466          

Sales

      (527      (26,512            

Settlement

  (7,238                      (36,632

Transfer into Level 3 (From Cost method)

              17,449              
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

    6,983   7,342   329,260   646   3,334     
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(5) Valuation Technique and the Inputs

Valuation techniques and inputs used in the recurring, non-recurring fair value measurements and disclosed fair values categorized within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

   2013

(in millions of Korean won)

  Fair value   Level   

Valuation

techniques

Recurring fair value measurements

      

Other financial assets

      

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

      

Held for trading financial assets

      

Interest rate and currency swap

  7,239     3    Hull-White model

Currency forward

   499     2    Discounted cash flow model

Other derivative assets

   7,905     3    Monte-Carlo Simulation
Option model (binomial trees)

Derivative financial assets for hedging purpose

   3,496     3    Discounted cash flow model

Available-for-sale financial assets

   349,847     2,3    Discounted cash flow model

Disclosed fair value

      

Investment property

   2,051,183     3    Discounted cash flow model

Recurring fair value measurements

      

Other financial liabilities

      

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

      

Held for trading financial assets

      

Currency forward

   6     2    Discounted cash flow model

Other derivatives

   148     3    Option model (binomial trees)

Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss

   2,802     3    Option model (binomial trees)

Derivative financial liabilities for hedging purpose

   113,980     2    Discounted cash flow model
   36,632     3    Hull-White model

Disclosed fair value

      

Borrowings

   11,499,645     3    Discounted cash flow model

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

   2014

(in millions of Korean won)

  Fair value   Level   

Valuation

techniques

Recurring fair value measurements

      

Other financial assets

      

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

      

Held for trading financial assets

      

Other derivative assets

  6,983     3    

Monte-Carlo Simulation

Option model (binomial trees)

Derivative financial assets for hedging purpose

   34,198     2    Discounted cash flow model
   7,342     3    Hull-White model

Available-for-sale financial assets

   371,353     2,3    Discounted cash flow model

Disclosed fair value

      

Investment property

   2,277,234     3    Discounted cash flow model

Recurring fair value measurements

      

Other financial liabilities

      

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

      

Held for trading financial assets

      

Other derivatives

   646     3    Option model (binomial trees)

Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss

   3,334     3    Option model (binomial trees)

Derivative financial liabilities for hedging purpose

   122,012     2    Discounted cash flow model

Disclosed fair value
Borrowings

   12,821,442     3    Discounted cash flow model

(6) Valuation Processes for Fair Value Measurements Categorized Within Level 3

The Company uses external experts that perform the fair value measurements required for financial reporting purposes. External experts report directly to the company’s financial officer of the financial & accounting department, and discusses valuation processes and results with the financial officer in line with the Company’s reporting dates.

(7) Gains and losses on valuation at the transaction date

In the case that the Company values derivative financial instruments using inputs not based on observable market data, and the fair value calculated by the said valuation technique differs from the transaction price, then the fair value of the financial instruments is recognized as the transaction price. The difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price is deferred and amortized using a straight-line method by maturity of the financial instrument. However, in the case that inputs of the valuation techniques become observable in markets, the remaining deferred difference is immediately recognized in full in profit for the year.

In relation to this, details and changes of the total deferred difference for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

  2013  2014 

Beginning balance

  54,152   43,322  

New transactions

         

Amortization

   (10,830  (10,830
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Ending balance

  43,322   32,492  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

37.    Business Combination

(1) ktcs Corporation

KT SkylifeHitel Co., Ltd.

Due to the trend of convergence in the telecommunications and broadcasting market, the Controlling Company needed to obtain control over, a broadcasting company to enhance the synergy effectssubsidiary of the resources within the consolidated subsidiaries. On January 27, 2011, the Controlling Company, acquired 4,800,000 treasury shares (11.3%) of ktcs Corporation, an associate, from Dutch Savings Holdings B.V 5,600,000ktcs Corporation on October 31, 2014.

ktcs Corporation was reclassified as a subsidiary from an associate as a result of redeemable convertible preferred stockthis transaction accounted for in accordance with voting rights and the bonds convertible into 5,600,000 of common stock of KT Skylife Co., Ltd. (formerly “Korea Digital Satellite Broadcasting Co., Ltd.”) for(Won)246,400 million, which is engaged in the satellite broadcasting business. Including the potential voting rights, the Controlling Company’s ownership in KT Skylife Co., Ltd. has increased to 53.05% and accordingly, the Controlling Company has control over KT Skylife Co., Ltd. On March 10, 2011, the Controlling Company exercised the conversion right of both redeemable convertible preferred stocks and convertible bonds.IFRS 3,Business Combinations.

As a result of applying the acquisition method, the Company recognized goodwillgain on bargain purchase of(Won)306,303 million, which is5,719 million. The gain on bargain purchase resulting from the excess of total consideration transferred over the fairdecrease in value of the net assets at the acquisition date. The fair value of the net assets at the acquisition date includes the identifiable intangible assets such as customer relationship,goodwill and membership, which was not previously recognized in the subsidiary’s financial statements.statements, is wholly recognized as profit for the year.

Details of the consideration transferred, fair value of the acquired identifiable assets and liabilities and goodwill at the acquisition date are as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Amounts 

Consideration transferred (cash and cash equivalents)(a)

  (Won)246,400

The acquisition-date fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest

280,773

(Won)527,17337,119  
  

 

 

 

The recognizedRecognized amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed1

  

Cash and cash equivalents

  (Won)78,73031,750  

Trade and other receivables

66,051

Other financial assets

   88,176

Trade and other accounts receivable

140,18034,033  

Inventories

   5,71512,945  

FixedTangible assets including broadcast equipment and satellite communication facilities

   142,64115,757  

Intangible assets including broadcast license and customer relationship

   305,5646,181  

Investments in associatesInvestment property

   5,7169,837  

Other assets

   36,10439,675  

Trade and other accounts payablepayables

   (130,75856,785

Borrowings

   (164,572203

Provisions for severance benefits

(11,256

Accrued provisions

(919

DeferredCurrent income tax liabilities

   (51,1712,554

Provisions

(559

Net defined benefit liabilities

(6,554

Other liabilities

   (26,1788,194
  

 

 

 

The net of total amounts of identifiable assets and liabilities measured at fair value (b)

  (Won)417,972141,380  

Non-controlling interests2 (c)

   197,10298,542  
  

 

 

 

Goodwill 3Gain on bargain purchase (a-b+c)

  (Won)306,303(5,719) 
  

 

 

 

 

1The assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured at fair value in accordance with IFRS 3,Business Combination.

 

2At the date of acquisition, the Company measures any non-controlling interest in KT Skylife Co., Ltd.ktcs Corporation at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. The amounts include non-controlling interest in Korea HD Broadcasting Corp., the subsidiary of KT Skylife.

3Goodwill is not tax deductible

As described in Note 15,14, the previously held interest in KT Skylife Co., Ltd.ktcs Corporation was measured at fair value, and the Company recognized other operating incomeexpense of(Won)187,4582,469 million arising from the fair value measurement on acquisition.

After the acquisition date, the operating revenue and net income for consolidation of KT Skylife Co., Ltd.ktcs Corporation. before the elimination of intercompany transactions, with its subsidiarieswhich are included in consolidated statement of income, are(Won)116,74878,828 million and(Won)7,3212,788 million, respectively. The difference between itsrespectively, for the year ended December 31, 2014. If ktcs

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Corporation was consolidated on January 1, 2014, the operating revenue and net income from the acquisition date and the revenue and net income if KT Skylife Co., Ltd. had been consolidated from January 1, 2011, included in consolidation is insignificant.consolidated statement of income would have been439,077 million and11,203 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2014.,

The fair value of trade accounts receivable and other receivablesothers acquired from KT Skylife Co., Ltd.ktcs Corporation is(Won)140,18066,051 million, while the full contract value is(Won)168,693 million. The uncollectible amounts from these receivablesand all are expected to be(Won)28,513 million.deemed collectible.

(2) BC Card Co.,Ltd.ktis Corporation

KT Capital Co.,Ltd., which is a subsidiary of theThe Controlling Company disposed of 4,954,704 shares (11.6%) of ktcs Corporation, an associate, to ktis Corporation, another associate, and acquired common4,000,000 treasury shares with voting right at(Won)252,302 million(11.5%) of ktis Corporation from Woori Bankktis Corporation on October 6, 201130, 2014.

ktis Corporation was reclassified as a consolidated subsidiary from an associate as a result of this transaction accounted for in order to secure stable management control of BC card co., Ltd. and strengthen synergies between two firms based on determination of board meetings at February 11 and February 23, 2011. By this acquisition, the company’s ownership interests of BC Card Co.,Ltd. increased to 38.86% including ownership which were previously acquired from Citi Bank. Also, the Company entered into shareholders’ agreement toaccordance with IFRS 3,Business Combinations.

exercise voting right of 1,349,920 registered common shares of BC Card Co.,Ltd. (30.68% of total BC Card Co.,Ltd. shares) owned by Vogo-BCC Investment Holdings Co.,Ltd. and KGF-BCC LIMITED on March 25, 2011. Based on the shareholders’ agreement and the acquisition of common shares described above, the Company has control of BC card co., Ltd. from October 6, 2011(acquisition date).

As a result of applying the acquisition method, the Company recognized goodwillgain on bargain purchase of(Won)41,234 million, which is6,952 million. The gain on bargain purchase resulting from the excess of total consideration transferred over the fairdecrease in value of the net assets at the acquisition date. The fair value of the net assets at the acquisition date includes the identifiable intangible assets such as customer relationship,goodwill and membership, which was not previously recognized in the subsidiary’s financial statements.statements, is wholly recognized as profit for the year.

Details of the consideration transferred, fair value of the acquired identifiable assets and liabilities and goodwill at the acquisition date are as follows.follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Amounts 

Consideration transferred (cash and cash equivalents)

(Won)257,137

Commitment for dividends payable1

39,220

The acquisition-date fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest

8,712

Total consideration transferred (a)

  (Won)305,06936,250  
  

 

 

 

The recognizedRecognized amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed 21

  

Cash and cash equivalents

  (Won)657,95615,152  

Trade and other receivables

39,851

Other financial assets

   2,046,52260,993  

Trade and other accounts receivableInventories

   1,30722,285  

FixedTangible assets

   242,411

Investment properties

2,8453,034  

Intangible assets including customer relationship

   165,916

Available-for-sale financial assets

108,1709,463  

Other assets

   60,94255,424  

Trade and other accounts payablepayables

   (1,890,9372,031

BorrowingsOther financial liabilities

   (58,00027,317

Current income tax liabilities

   (30,9421,414

Provisions

   (25,674

Provisions for severance benefits

(7,861

Deferred income tax liabilities

(46,17615,338

Other liabilities

   (568,02812,654)

 

The net of total amounts of identifiable assets and liabilities measured at fair value (b)

  (Won)658,451

147,448
  

Non-controlling interests 32 (c)

   394,616104,246  
  

 

 

 

GoodwillGain on bargain purchase (a-b+c) 4

  (Won)41,234(6,952) 
  

 

 

 

 

1On June 23, 2010, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board concluded that BC Card should pay the proceeds from the disposal of the shares of Visa Card to the member banks. Accordingly, the Company recorded the related proceeds to be paid to the member banks as other financial liabilities in the financial statements at the acquisition date.

2AssetsThe assets acquired and liabilities acquired wereassumed are measured at fair value in accordance with IFRS 3,Business Combinations’Combination.

 

32Non-controlling interestsAt the date of acquisition, the Company measures any non-controlling interest in the acquiree on acquisition are measuredktis corporation at the non-controlling interests’interest’s proportionate share in the recognized amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets in the event of liquidation.assets.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

4Goodwill is not tax deductible

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

As described in Note 14, the previously held interest in ktis Corporation was measured at fair value, and the Company recognized operating expense of4,667 million arising from the value measurement on acquisition.

After the acquisition date, the operating revenue and net income for consolidation of BC Card Co,. Ltd.ktis Corporation before the elimination of inter-companyintercompany transactions, with its subsidiarieswhich are included in consolidated statement of income, are(Won)782,853million83,850 million and(Won)9454,704 million, respectively.respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2014. If BC Card Co.,Ltd had beenktis Corporation was consolidated fromon January 1, 2011,2014, the operating revenue and net income included in consolidation shouldconsolidated statement of income would have been(Won)3,376,113million454,080 million and(Won)102,459million, respectively.13,323 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2014.

The fair value of trade accounts receivable and others acquired from ktis Corporation is39,851 million, but the full contract value is40,029 million. The uncollectible amounts from these receivables are expected to be178 million.

38.    Interests in Unconsolidated Structured Entities

Details of information about its interests in unconsolidated structured entities, which the Company does not have control over, including the nature, purpose and activities of the structured entity and how the structured entity is financed, are as follows:

Remarks

Nature, purpose, activities and others

Real estate finance

A structured entity incorporated for the purpose of real estate development is provided with funds by investors’ investments in equity and borrowings from financial institutions (including long-term and short-term loans and issuance of ABCP due in three months), and based on these, the structured entity implements activities such as real estate acquisition, development and mortgage loans. The structured entity repays loan principals with funds incurred from installment house sales after the completion of real estate development or with collection of the principal of mortgage loan. The remaining shares are distributed to investors. As of December 31, 2014, this entity is engaged in real estate finance structured entity, and generates revenues by receiving dividends from direct investments in or receiving interests on loans to the structured entity. Financial institutions, including the Entity, are provided with guarantees including joint guarantees or real estate collateral from investors and others. Consequently, the entity is a priority over other parties in the preservation of claim. However, when the credit rating of investors and others decreases or when the value of real estate decreases, the entity may be obliged to cover losses.

PEF and investment funds

Minority investors including managing members contribute to PEF and investment funds incorporated for the purpose of providing funds to the small, medium, or venture entities, and the managing member implements activities such as investments in equity or loans based on the contributions. As of December 31, 2014, the entity is engaged in PEF and investment funds structured entity, and after contributing to PEF and investment funds, the entity receives dividends for operating revenues from these contributions. The entity is provided with underlying assets of PEF and investment funds as collateral. However, when the value of the underlying assets decreases, the entity may be obliged to cover losses.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Remarks

Nature, purpose, activities and others

M&A finance

A structured entity incorporated for the purpose of supporting a certain company’s financial structure improvement or acquiring equity or convertible bonds is provided with funds by investors’ investments in equity and long-term or short-term borrowings from financial institutions, and based on these, the structured entity acquires shares held by the entity, which has plans to improve its financial structure, or to dispose convertible bonds and others. The structured entity repays loan principals with funds incurred from disposals of holding shares after a certain period. The remaining shares are distributed to investors. As of December 31, 2014, the entity is engaged in M&A finance structured entity, and receives interests. Financial institutions are provided with guarantees including joint guarantees or shares subject to M&A from investors and others. Consequently, the entity is a priority over other parties in the preservation of claim. However, when the credit rating of investors and others decreases or when the value of shares provided as collateral decreases, the Company may be obliged to cover losses.

Asset securitization

A transferor other than this entity transfers the assets, which are subject to securitization, to a structured entity incorporated by the transferor or other financial institutions other than the entity, and based on this as underlying assets, the structured entity is provided with funds by asset-backed borrowings and pays acquisition costs of the acquired underlying assets. As of December 31, 2014, the entity is engaged in the structured entity, and generates revenues by receiving interest income as the entity provides asset-backed loans directly to the structured entity. When the structured entity has difficulty repaying loan principal, the transferor has obligation to cover the lack of funds. Consequently, the financial institutions including the entity are a priority over other parties in the preservation of claim. However, when the credit rating of transferor decreases, the said entity may be obliged to cover losses.

Other

There are other structured entity types, which the entity is engaged in, such as shipping finance, SPAC and others. Interest income is realized from the entity’s loans to the relevant structured entity. When the credit rating of the shipping company decreases, or the value of vessels decreases, the entity may be obliged to cover losses. When SPAC is listed or merged after the entity invests in shares or convertible bonds issued by the relevant structured entity, revenues are realized from disposal of the shares of the convertible bonds. However, the entity may be obliged to cover losses when SPAC is liquidated if the SPAC is not listed or merged.

Details of scale of unconsolidated structured entities and nature of the risks associated with an entity’s interests in unconsolidated structured entities as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

  2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Real Estate
Finance
  PEF &
Investment
Fund
  Acquisition
Finance
  Asset-backed
Securitization
  Others  Total 

Total amount of Unconsolidated Structured Entities Assets

 4,970,665   2,787,075   2,175,476   5,981,382   163,702   16,078,300  

Assets recognized in statement of financial position

    

Loans

 277,663   360   101,969   228,413   12,043   620,448  

Other financial assets

  32,244    131,399    981        8,690    173,314  

Jointly investment entities and associates

      183,200            28,406    211,606  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 309,907   314,959   102,950   228,413   49,139   1,005,368  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Maximum loss exposure 1

    

Investment Assets

 309,907   314,959   102,950   228,413   49,139   1,005,368  

Credit grants

  103,500                    103,500  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 413,407   314,959   102,950   228,413   49,139   1,108,868  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

1Maximum exposure to loss includes the investments recognized in the Company’s financial statements and the amounts which are probable to be determined when certain conditions are met by agreements including purchase agreements, credit granting and others.

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

  2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

 Real Estate
Finance
  PEF &
Investment
Fund
  Acquisition
Finance
  Asset-backed
Securitization
  Others  Total 

Total amount of Unconsolidated Structured Entities Assets

 4,584,026   3,894,693   2,086,841   4,828,936   127,228   15,521,724  

Assets recognized in statement of financial position

      

Loans

 254,305   360   66,073   170,826   1,979   493,543  

Other financial assets

  24,340    112,116            8,369    144,825  

Jointly investment entities and associates

  7,081    155,000            27,630    189,711  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 285,726   267,476   66,073   170,826   37,978   828,079  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Maximum loss exposure 1

      

Investment Assets

 285,726   267,476   66,073   170,826   37,978   828,079  

Credit grants

  88,000                    88,000  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

 373,726   267,476   66,073   170,826   37,978   916,079  
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

1Maximum exposure to loss includes the investments recognized in the Company’s financial statements and the amounts which are probable to be determined when certain conditions are met by agreements including purchase agreements, credit granting and others.

39.    Information About Non-controlling Interests

(3) Enswers Inc.Changes in Accumulated Non-controlling Interests

The profit or loss allocated to non-controlling interests and accumulated non-controlling interests of subsidiaries that are material to the Company for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, is as follows:

  2012 

(in millions of
Korean won)

 Non-controlling
Interests
rate(%)
  Accumulated
non-controlling
interests at the
beginning of
the year
  Profit or loss
allocated to
non-controlling
interests
  Dividends
paid to
non-controlling
interests
  Others  Accumulated
non-controlling
interests at the
end of the year
 

KT Skylife Co., Ltd.

  49.85 288,051   1,792,439   277,729   93,876   71,258  

BC Card Co., Ltd

  34.35  338,954    702,707    1,395,463    81,986    119,261  

KT Rental

  42.00  193,367    1,696,058    531,221    39,029    28,718  

KT Powertel Co., Ltd.

  55.15  86,129    190,875    887,872    16,584    2,924  

KT Hitel Co., Ltd

  34.06  347,509    608,213    254,099    120,249    158,877  

  2013 

(in millions of
Korean won)

 Non-controlling
Interests
rate(%)
  Accumulated
non-controlling
interests at the
beginning of
the year
  Profit or loss
allocated to
non-controlling
interests
  Dividends
paid to
non-controlling
interests
  Others  Accumulated
non-controlling
interests at the
end of the year
 

KT Skylife Co., Ltd.

  49.89 264,765   29,081   (8,662 (1,203 283,981  

BC Card Co., Ltd

  34.49  208,923    35,949    (10,890  27,734    261,716  

KT Rental

  42.00  119,029    8,682    (2,986  (1,057  123,668  

KT Powertel Co., Ltd.

  55.15  66,323    3,007    (669  (755  67,906  

KT Hitel Co., Ltd

  36.30  45,507    (670      11,183    56,020  

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

  2014 

(in millions of
Korean won)

 Non-controlling
Interests
rate(%)
  Accumulated
non-controlling
interests at the
beginning of
the year
  Profit or loss
allocated to
non-controlling
interests
  Dividends
paid to
non-controlling
interests
  Others  Accumulated
non-controlling
interests at the
end of the year
 

KT Skylife Co., Ltd.

  50.01 283,981   26,828   (10,538 (2,971 297,300  

BC Card Co., Ltd

  30.46  261,716    31,414    (7,299  7,100    292,931  

KT Rental

  42.00  123,668    15,538    (1,903  (121  137,182  

KT Powertel Co., Ltd.

  55.15  67,906    2,961    (631  (5  70,231  

KT Hitel Co., Ltd

  36.30  56,020    2,195        (7,079  51,136  

Summarized Financial Information on Subsidiaries

The summarized financial information for each subsidiary with non-controlling interests that are material to the Company before inter-company eliminations as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, are as follows:

  2012 

(in millions of Korean won)

 KT Skylife
Co., Ltd.
  BC Card
Co., Ltd.
  KT Rental  KT Powertel
Co., Ltd.
  KT Hitel
Co., Ltd.
 

Non-controlling Interests

  49.85  34.35  42.00  55.15  34.06

Current assets

 303,069   1,792,439   305,651   93,877   132,892  

Non-current assets

  338,495    735,663    1,388,370    81,985    116,339  

Current liabilities

  197,972    1,696,058    537,424    39,029    75,727  

Non-current liabilities

  94,677    211,820    889,060    16,584    3,784  

Equity

  348,915    620,224    267,537    120,249    169,719  

Accumulated non-controlling interests

  173,932    213,049    112,369    66,323    57,803  

Operating revenue

  574,829    3,128,882    368,228    124,936    443,431  

Profit or loss for the year

  55,546    103,797    11,072    12,527    (8,902

Total comprehensive income

  52,152    127,976    10,107    12,229    (10,659

The profit or loss allocated to non-controlling interests

  27,689    35,655    4,650    6,909    (3,032

Cash flows from operating activities

  170,815    18,310    105,771    8,734    (14,954

Cash flows from investing activities

  (76,320  (35,116  (265,429  (6,997  5,263  

Cash flows from financing activities before dividends paid to non-controlling interests

  (18,642  8,070    169,963          

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests

      (5,290            

Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents

                  (10

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

  75,853    (14,026  10,305    1,737    (9,701

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

  2013 

(in millions of Korean won)

 KT Skylife
Co., Ltd.
  BC Card
Co., Ltd.
  KT Rental  KT Powertel
Co., Ltd.
  KT Hitel
Co., Ltd.
 

Non-controlling Interests

  49.89  34.49  42.00  55.15  36.30

Current assets

 287,142   2,292,323   362,040   87,932   178,659  

Non-current assets

  397,509    672,427    1,826,231    79,199    115,006  

Current liabilities

  191,181    1,958,506    532,634    30,433    99,348  

Non-current liabilities

  91,887    216,505    1,363,625    13,579    3,296  

Equity

  401,583    789,738    292,013    123,119    191,021  

Accumulated non-controlling interests

  200,360    273,328    122,650    67,906    69,343  

Operating revenue

  630,469    3,102,968    886,959    112,905    582,925  

Profit or loss for the year

  72,724    128,475    32,400    5,453    3,551  

Total comprehensive income

  73,943    198,778    31,041    5,661    8,109  

The profit or loss allocated to non-controlling interests

  36,284    44,465    13,608    3,008    1,289  

Cash flows from operating activities

  141,282    273,904    (346,309  16,010    11,108  

Cash flows from investing activities

  (218,797  (17,335  (39,246  (15,794  (18,199

Cash flows from financing activities before dividends paid to non-controlling interests

  (14,346  10,216    392,098    (6,252  13,192  

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests

  (8,344  (10,051  (2,075  (1,538    

Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents

          (287      (49

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

  (100,205  256,734    4,181    (7,574  6,052  

  2014 

(in millions of Korean won)

 KT Skylife
Co., Ltd.
  BC Card
Co., Ltd.
  KT Rental  KT Powertel
Co., Ltd.
  KT Hitel
Co., Ltd.
 

Non-controlling Interests

  50.01  30.46  42.00  55.15  36.30

Current assets

 260,391   2,023,465   377,916   83,846   119,957  

Non-current assets

  422,618    676,923    2,278,469    73,484    107,037  

Current liabilities

  226,878    1,723,966    718,852    21,787    29,748  

Non-current liabilities

  19,448    70,957    1,598,798    8,209    1,681  

Equity

  436,683    905,465    338,735    127,334    195,565  

Accumulated non-controlling interests

  297,300    292,931    143,457    70,231    51,136  

Operating revenue

  656,430    3,298,144    1,074,569    105,250    494,455  

Profit or loss for the year

  55,162    134,450    51,388    5,368    12,205  

Total comprehensive income

  53,990    331,599    52,437    5,368    9,873  

The profit or loss allocated to non-controlling interests

  26,828    31,414    19,543    2,961    2,195  

Cash flows from operating activities

  140,057    176,019    (346,743  10,190    65,096  

Cash flows from investing activities

  (20,889  (21,699  (35,632  (647  (44,712

Cash flows from financing activities before dividends paid to non-controlling interests

  (26,411  (31,497  359,510    (1,137    

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests

  (10,538  (7,299  (1,903  (631    

Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents

                  (12

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

  82,219    115,524    (24,768  7,775    20,372  

Transactions with Non-controlling Interests

The effect of changes in the ownership interest on the equity attributable to owners of the Company during the year is summarized as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

  2012  2013  2014 

Carrying amount of non-controlling interests acquired 1

  178,763   14,353   16,136  

Consideration paid to non-controlling interests 2

   (15,359  (16,202  (9,764
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Excess of consideration paid recognized in parent’s equity

  163,404   (1,849  6,372  
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

1In 2012, the Company acquired 30.68% of the issued shares of BC Card Co., Ltd, a subsidiary ofVogo-BCC Investment Holdings Co., Ltd. and KGF-BCC LIMITED, for a purchase consideration of288,828 million. The Company now holds 69.54% equity interest in BC Card Co., Ltd. The carrying amount of the non-controlling interests in BC Card Co., Ltd. at the date of acquisition was272,273 million. As a result, the Company derecognized non-controlling interests of172,376 million and recorded an increase in equity attributable to owners of the parent of116,452 million.

In 2013, the Company acquired the remaining 40% of the issued shares of KT Dutch B.V., a subsidiary, for a purchase consideration of3,980 million. The Company now holds 100% equity interest in KT Dutch B.V. The carrying amount of the non-controlling interests in KT Dutch B.V. at the date of acquisition was14,353 million. As a result, the Company derecognized non-controlling interests of14,353 million and recorded an increase in equity attributable to owners of the parent of10,373 million.

In 2014, the Company acquired the shares of BC Card Co., Ltd., which had been held by KT Capital Co., Ltd. as a result of spin-off and merger of certain division of KT Capital Co., Ltd. The company’s effective percentage of ownership of BC Card Co., Ltd. increased from 65.51% to 69.54%. As a result, the carrying amount of controlling interest increased by16,136 million.

2In 2012, the Company’s non-controlling interest increased by 13.85% through inequality capital increase of KT Cloudware Corporation on March 26, June 13 and November 30, 2012. This resulted in an increase in the carrying amount of non-controlling interest of4,060 million. Also, on November 21, 2012, the Company’s non-controlling interest increased by 9.09% through inequality capital increase of KT music Corporation. As a result, the carrying amount of non-controlling interest increased by5,360 million.

In 2013, the Company’s non-controlling interest increased by 2.24% through inequality capital increase of KT Hitel Co., Ltd. This resulted in an increase in the carrying amount of non-controlling interest of8,439 million. Also, on July 11, 2013, the Company’s non-controlling interest increased by 6.04% through inequality capital increase of Nasmedia, Inc. As a result, the carrying amount of non-controlling interest increased by7,239 million.

In 2014, the convertible bonds issued by KT Music Corporation has been converted into common stocks, and as a result, common shares and share premium of the Company increased by20,349 million. The Company’s ownership decreased from 57.78% to 49.99%, and accordingly, the carrying amount ofnon-controlling interest increased by9,764 million.

40.    Discontinued Operations

As approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on November 11, 2011,August 9, 2012, the Company acquireddecided to sell KT Tech, Inc., its subsidiary, and discontinued the operations related to handset development. KT-Tech’s liquidation procedure has been completed and KT Tech’s electrical operating performance was reflected in profit or loss from discontinued operations.

Income and loss from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2012, are as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

2012

Revenue

431

Expense

(35,756

Income from discontinued operations before income taxes

(35,325

Income tax expense for discontinued operations

3,791

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

(31,534

KT Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

Cash flows from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2012, are as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

2012

Cash flows from operating activities

40,017

Cash flows from investing activities

(3,609

Cash flows from financing activities

(28,243

Changes in foreign exchange rates

(6

Total cash flows

8,159

41.    Subsequent Events

The Company merged KT Media Hub Co., Ltd., a subsidiary, on December 7, 2011, from existing shareholders 14,185 common shares and 3,676March 31, 2015.

As approved by the Company’s Board of redeemable convertible preferred stockDirectors, the Company entered into the contract with voting rightsLotte Group to dispose all of Enwers Inc,its interests in KT Rental, a subsidiary which is specializedwas included in the video-related technology,financial/rental segment, on March 11, 2015 and the deal closing is expected to be completed in order to develop a new business and strengthen the existing business.end of May, 2015. The Company’s ownership in Enwers Inc. has increased to 56.3% including the potential voting rights and accordingly, the Company acquired control over Enswers Inc.

Details of the consideration transferred, fair value of the acquired identifiable assets and liabilities and goodwill at the acquisition dateof disposal group as of December 31, 2014 are as follows.

 

(in millions of Korean won)

  Amounts 

Consideration transferred (cashCash and cash equivalents)equivalents

  (Won)15,95714,781  

The acquisition-date fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interestTrade and other receivables, net

   4,378124,364

Loans, net

84,878

Finance lease receivables, net

110,225

Other financial assets

4,192

Inventories, net

6,564

Property and equipment, net

2,008,855

Intangible assets, net

180,275

Other assets

61,296  
  

 

 

 

Total consideration transferred (a)

(Won)20,335

The recognized amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed 1

Cash and cash equivalents

(Won)920

Other financial assets

   2,9622,595,430  

Trade and other accounts receivablepayables

   387263,590  

Current tax assets

41

Fixed assets

704

Intangible assets including Patents-Industrial and customer relationship

12,535

Other assets

562

Trade and other accounts payableFinance lease liabilities, net

   (19107,688)

Borrowings

1,910,888  

Other financial liabilities

   (2,7023,400)  

Provisions for severance benefits

   (4795,566)  

Deferred income tax liabilitiesrevenue

   (2,70110,002)  

Other liabilities

   (1,063

The net of total amounts of identifiable assets and liabilities measured at fair value (b)

(Won)11,147

Non-controlling interests 2 (c)

3,23733,094  
  

 

 

 

Goodwill (a – b + c) 3Total liabilities

  (Won)12,425  2,118,852  

1Assets and liabilities acquired were measured at fair value in accordance with IFRS 3 ‘Business combinations’

2Non-controlling interests in the acquiree on acquisition are measured at the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share in the recognized amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets in the event of liquidation.

3Goodwill is not tax deductible

The previously held interest in Enswers Inc. was measured at fair value, and the Company recognized other operating income of(Won)1,942 million arising from the fair value measurement on acquisition.

After the acquisition date, the revenue and net loss for consolidation of Enswers Inc. before the elimination of inter-company transactions with its subsidiaries are(Won)797 and(Won)331 million, respectively. If Enswers Inc. had been consolidated from January 1, 2011, the revenue and net loss included in consolidation should have been(Won)3,467million and(Won)1,512million, respectively.

The fair value of trade accounts receivable and other receivables acquired from Enswers Inc. is(Won)387 million, while the full contract value is(Won)414 million. The uncollectible amounts from these receivables are expected to be(Won)27 million.

38.    Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

As approved by the Controlling Company’s Board of Directors on May 4, 2011, the Controlling Company decided to sell 5,309,189 shares (79.96%) of New Telephone Company, Inc. to Vimpel-Communication and the Controlling Company lost its control of New Telephone Company. The prior

period financial statements presented for comparative purposes have been restated in accordance with IFRS 5,Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations. Profit or loss arising from net fair value measurement and related income tax effect is reflected in profit or loss from discontinued operations.

The liquidation of KT Internal venture Fund NO.2, a former subsidiary, was completed on December 28, 2011. Therefore, the Company accounted for the operating result until the liquidation as discontinued operation and restated the prior year statement of income presented for the comparative purpose in accordance with IFRS 5“Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations”.The Company also included the related gains or losses and income tax effects in the profit from the discontinued operation.

On June 1, 2010, the rent-a-car business segment of Kumho Rent-A-Car Global Co., Ltd., a joint venture investment, was split off and was merged with Kumho Rental Co., Ltd., resulting in the decrease of the Company’s ownership in Kumho Rental Co., Ltd. from 100% to 58%. And as the Company has joint control of KT Rental Co., Ltd. under the shareholders’ agreement, this subsidiary is accounted for under the equity method in accordance with IAS 31,Interest in Joint Ventures. The operating results of KT Rental Co., Ltd. until the date the Company lost control are accounted for under discontinued operations.

The Company sold all shares of DOREMI MEDIA CO.,LTD and D&G Star to the third parties. The operating results of DOREMI MEDIA CO.,LTD and D&G Star prior to the loss of the control were accounted for as discontinued operation in 2010 and the related gains or losses and income tax effects are included in the profit from the discontinued operation.

Income and loss from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, are as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010  2011 

Revenue

  (Won)159,866   (Won)28,460  

Expense

   (133,605  (22,630

Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes

   26,261    5,830  

Income tax expense for discontinued operations

   (8,054  (1,836

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

   18,207    3,994  

Gain on disposal and fair valuation before income taxes

   12,835    220,176  

Income tax expense

   (1,062  (53,302

Gain on disposal and fair valuation after tax

   11,773    166,874  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

  (Won)29,980   (Won)170,868  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, are as follows:

(in millions of Korean won)

  2010  2011 

Cash flows from operating activities

  (Won)8,416   (Won)6,527  

Cash flows from investing activities

   (8,241  (4,095

Cash flows from financing activities

   4,632    (47,023

Changes in foreign exchange rates

   (7,384  8,365  
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total cash flows

  (Won)(2,577 (Won)(36,226
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

39.    Subsequent Events

Subsequent to December 31, 2011,2014, the Company has issued the unsecured public bonds, as follows:

 

(in millions of Korean won and

thousands of foreign currencies)

  Issue date   Face value of
bond
   Interest
rate
  Maturity
date
   

Repayment method

The 57-1stnon-registered unsecured bond

   01.05.2012     (Won)50,000     4.43  10.05.2014    Lump sum repayment at maturity

The 57-2nd non-registered unsecured bond

   01.05.2012     (Won)20,000     4.44  10.05.2014    Lump sum repayment at maturity

The 57-3rd non-registered unsecured bond

   01.05.2012     (Won)30,000     4.61  10.05.2014    Lump sum repayment at maturity

Regulation S.Bond

   01.20.2012     USD 350,000     3.875  01.20.2017    Lump sum repayment at maturity

(in millions of Korean won)

  Issue date   Total par value   Coupon rate  Maturity date 

The 188-1st Public bond

   Jan. 29, 2015    160,000     2.35  Jan. 29, 2020  

The 188-2nd Public bond

   Jan. 29, 2015     240,000     2.60  Jan. 29, 2025  

The 188-3rd Public bond

   Jan. 29, 2015     50,000     2.86  Jan. 29, 2035  

Subsequent to December 31, 2011, the additional contributions was made by the Controlling Company as follows.

(in millions of Korean won)

  Date   Number of
shares
   Amount   

Purpose

KT Capital Co.,Ltd

   01.25.2012     

 

4,712,103

common shares

  

  

   41,000    

To strengthen the financial

stability

The Company entered into the shareholders’ agreement with Vogo-BCC Investment Holdings Co.,Ltd. and KGF-BCC LIMITED on March 25, 2011 for the sustainable control over BC card co., Ltd, which is a subsidiary of the Company. Based on this agreement,2014, the Company has exercisedissued the call option for 1,349,920 common shares of BC Card Co., Ltd, owned by Vogo-BCC Investment Holdings Co.,Ltd. and KGF-BCC LIMITED(30.68% of total shares) for(Won)28,713,408 million on January 27, 2012.bonds in Japanese yen as follows:

On April 18, 2012, the Company entered into a contract with Olleh KT First Securitization Specialty Co., Ltd. which is a special purpose entity formed for the securitization of KT’s accounts receivable. Based on this contract, the Company sold its accounts receivables with book value of(Won)529,776 million for a total sales price of(Won)525,400 million.

Issue dateTotal par valueCoupon rateMaturity date

2015 Samurai Bond

Feb. 24, 2015JPY 15,000,0000.48Feb. 23, 2018

SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

KT CORPORATION
(Registrant)

/s/ Suk-Chae LeeCHANG-GYU HWANG

Name: Suk-Chae LeeChang-Gyu Hwang
Title: Chief Executive Officer

Date: April 27, 201229, 2015