As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 30, 20132014

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549 F

Form 20-F

(Mark One)

OR

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20122013

OR

For the transition period from              to             

OR

Date of event requiring this shell company report

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number: 001-13372

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

167 SAMSEONG-DONG,512 YEONGDONGDAERO, GANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-791, KOREA

(Address of principal executive offices)

Jungin Yoon,Younseung Lee, +822 3456 4216, junginyoon@kepco.co.kr,4217, winstraight@kepco.co.kr, +822 3456 4299

(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

Twenty Year 7.40% Amortizing Debentures, due April 1, 2016

One Hundred Year 7.95% Zero-to-Full Debentures, due April 1, 2096

6% Debentures due December 1, 2026

7% Debentures due February 1, 2027

6 ³/₄% Debentures due August 1, 2027

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the last full fiscal year

covered by the annual report:

641,964,077 shares of common stock, par value of Won 5,000 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  þ    No  ¨

If this annual report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  ¨    No  þ

Note—Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files):    Yes  ¨    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  þ                    Accelerated filer  ¨                    Non-accelerated filer  ¨

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP   ¨                International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board  þ            Other  ¨

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.    Item 17  ¨    Item 18  ¨

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  þ

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.    Yes  ¨    No  ¨

TABLE OF CONTENTS

i

ii

CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

All references to “Korea” or the “Republic���“Republic” in this annual report on Form 20-F, or this annual report, are references to Thethe Republic of Korea. All references to the “Government” in this annual report are references to the government of the Republic. All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “ours,” the “Company” or “KEPCO” in this annual report are references to Korea Electric Power Corporation and, as the context may require, its subsidiaries, and the possessive thereof, as applicable. All references to “the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy” and “the Ministry of Strategy and Finance” include the respective predecessors thereof (and, for the avoidance of doubt, in the case of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, including the Ministry of Knowledge Economy).thereof. All references to “tons” are to metric tons, equal to 1,000 kilograms, or 2,204.6 pounds. Any discrepancies in any table between totals and the sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding. All references to “IFRS” in this annual report are references to the International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board. Unless otherwise stated, all of our financial information presented in this annual report has been prepared on a consolidated basis and in accordance with IFRS.

In addition, in this annual report, all references to:

each of which is our wholly-owned generation subsidiary.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report includes “forward-looking statements” (as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), including statements regarding our expectations and projections for future operating performance and business prospects. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project” and similar words used in connection with any discussion of our future operatingoperation or financial performance identify forward-looking statements. In addition, all statements other than statements of historical facts included in this annual report are forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. We caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this annual report.

This annual report discloses, under the caption Item 3D. “Risk Factors” and elsewhere, important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations (“Cautionary Statements”). All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the Cautionary Statements.

PART I

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Item 3A. Selected Financial Data

The selected consolidated financial data set forth below as of and for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 20122013 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 included in this report have been audited by Deloitte Anjin LLC, a member firm of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, a UK private company limited by guarantee. Deloitte Anjin LLC is a Korean independent registered public accounting firm and is our current independent registered public accounting firm.

You should read the following data with the more detailed information contained in Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements included in Item 18. “Financial Statements.” Historical results do not necessarily predict future results.

Consolidated Statement of EarningsComprehensive Income (Loss) Data

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Data

Notes:

Currency Translations and Exchange Rates

In this annual report, unless otherwise indicated, all references to “Won” or “￦” are to the currency of Korea, and all references to “U.S. dollars,” “Dollars,” “$” or “US$” are to the currency of the United States of America, all references to “Euro” or “€” are references to the currency of the European Union, and all references to “Yen” or “¥” are references to the currency of Japan. Unless otherwise indicated, all translations from Won to U.S. dollars were made at Won 1,063.21,055.3 to US$1.00, which was the noon buying rate of the Federal Reserve Board (the “Noon Buying Rate”) in effect as of December 31, 2012. The source of these2013, which rates is the Federal Reserve Bank of New York until December 31, 2008. Since January 1, 2009, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York discontinued publication of foreign exchange rates. The source of the rates since January 1, 2009 isare available on the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board. On April 5, 2013,11, 2014, the Noon Buying Rate was Won 1,136.81,035.4 to US$1.00. The exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Korean Won may be highly volatile from time to time and the U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this annual report should not be relied upon as an accurate reflection of our results of operations. No representation is made that the Won or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this annual report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Won, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.

The following table sets forth, for the periods and dates indicated, certain information concerning the Noon Buying Rate in Won per US$1.00.

Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York (for the periods ended on or prior to December 31, 2008) and Federal Reserve Board (for the period since January 1, 2009).

Note:

Item 3B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not Applicable

Item 3C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not Applicable

Item 3D. Risk Factors

Our business and operations are subject to various risks, many of which are beyond our control. If any of the risks described below actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be seriously harmed.

Risks Relating to KEPCO

Increases in fuel prices will adversely affect our results of operations and profitability as we may not be able to pass on the increased cost to consumers at a sufficient level or on a timely basis.

Fuel costs constituted 48.5%45.1% and 49.2%47.8% of our sales and cost of sales, respectively, in 2012.2013. Our generation subsidiaries purchase substantially all of the fuel that they use (except for anthracite coal) from a limited number of suppliers outside Korea at prices determined in part by prevailing market prices in currencies other than Won. For example, most of the bituminous coal requirements (which accounted for approximately 42.2%43.0% of our entire fuel requirements in 20122013 in terms of electricity output) are imported from a limited number of countries principally consisting offrom Indonesia and Australia and, to a lesser extent, the United States and Russia, which accounted for approximately 43.6%41.6%, 33.4%38.2%, 5.7%9.5% and 5.2%9.5%, respectively, of the annual bituminous coal requirements of our generation subsidiaries in 2012.2013. Approximately 80.3%89.0% of the bituminous coal requirements of our generation subsidiaries in 20122013 were purchased underlong-term contracts and the remaining 19.7%11.0% from

the spot market. Pursuant to the terms of our long-term supply contracts, prices are adjusted annuallyperiodically based on prevailing market conditions. In addition, our generation subsidiaries purchase a significant portion of their fuel requirements under contracts with limited duration. See Item 4B. “Business Overview—Fuel.”

In recent years, the prices of bituminous coal, oil and liquefied natural gas, or LNG, have fluctuated significantly, creating uncertain outlook for our overall fuel costs. For example, the average “free on board” Newcastle coal 6300 GAR spot price index published by Platts was US$99.2 per ton in 2010, US$121.3 per ton in 2011, US$96.2 per ton in 2012 and US$92.3 per ton as of April 9, 2013. The prices of oil and LNG are substantially dependent on the price of crude oil, and according to Bloomberg (Bloomberg Ticker: PGCRDUBA), the average daily spot price of Dubai crude oil varied from US$106.2 per barrel in 2011 to US$108.9 per barrel in 2012 and to US$103.9 per barrel as of April 5, 2013.

If fuel prices increase sharply within a short span of time, our generation subsidiaries may be unable to secure requisite fuel supplies at prices commercially acceptable to them. In addition, any significant interruption or delay in the supply of fuel, bituminous coal in particular, from any of their suppliers may cause our generation subsidiaries to purchase fuel on the spot market at prices higher than the prices available under existing supply contracts, which would result in an increase in fuel cost. Wecosts. In recent years, however, the prices of our main fuel types, namely, bituminous coal, oil and liquefied natural gas, or LNG have generally declined in tandem with their international market prices. For example, the average “free on board” Newcastle coal 6300 GAR spot price index published by Platts declined from US$96.2 per ton in 2012 to US$85.1 per ton in 2013 and US$73.8 per ton as of April 11, 2014. The prices of oil and LNG are substantially dependent on the price of crude oil, and according to Bloomberg (Bloomberg Ticker: PGCRDUBA), the average daily spot price of Dubai crude oil declined from US$108.9 per barrel in 2012 to US$105.4 per barrel in 2013 and to US$104.1 per barrel as of April 11, 2014. However, we cannot assure you that the fuel prices will remain at similarly low levels or will not significantly increase in the remainder of 20132014 or thereafter.

Because the Government regulates the rates we charge for the electricity we sell to our customers (see Item 4B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates”), our ability to pass on fuel and other cost increases to our customers is limited. The increase in fuel prices led to our recording of an operating loss in 2011 and 2012 and a net loss from 2008 to 2012. We expect that a sudden and substantial rise in the level of fuel prices will have a material adverse effect on our results of operation in 2013 and beyond. If fuel prices remain at the current level or continue to increase rapidly and substantially and the Government, out of concern for inflation or for other reasons, maintains the current level of electricity tariff or does not increase it to a level to sufficiently offset the impact of high fuel prices, the fuel price increases will negatively affect our profit margins or even cause us to suffer operating and/or net losses (as was the case from 2008 to 2012 when we suffered consecutive net losses and, from time to time, operating losses) and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows would suffer. In addition, partly because the Government may have to undergo a lengthy deliberative process to approve an increase in electricity tariff, which represents a key component of the consumer price index, the electricity tariff may not be adjusted to a level sufficient to ensure a fair rate of return to us in a timely manner or at all. For example, in August 2010, August 2011, December 2011, August 6, 2012 and January 14, 2013, the Government increased the electricity tariff by an average of 3.5%, 4.9%, 4.5%, 4.9% and 4.0%, respectively. However, such increases were insufficient to fully offset the adverse impact from the rise in fuel costs. Similarly, we cannot assure that any future tariff increase by the Government will be sufficient to fully offset the adverse impact on our results of operations from the current or potential rises in fuel costs.

Further to the announcement by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy in February 2010, a new electricity tariff system went into effect on July 1, 2011. This system is designed to overhaul the prior system for determining electricity tariff chargeable to customers by more closely aligning the tariff levels to the movements in fuel prices, with the aim of providing more timely pricing signals to the market regarding the expected changes in electricity tariff levels and encouraging more efficient use of electricity by customers. Previously, the electricity tariff consisted of two components: (i) base rate and (ii) usage rate based on the cost of electricity and the amount of electricity consumed by the end-users. Under the new tariff system, the electricity tariff is also to havehas a third component of fuel cost pass-through adjustment (“FCPTA”) rate, which is to be added to or subtracted from the sum of the base rate and the usage rate on a monthly basis based on the three-month average movements of coal, LNG and oil prices, which is reflected as FCPTA two months later.prices. The new tariff system is intended to provide greater financial stability and ensure a minimum return on investment to electricity suppliers, such as us. However, due to inflationary and other policy considerations relating to protecting the consumers from sudden and substantial rises in electricity tariff, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy issued a hold order on July 29, 2011 suspending our billing and collecting of the FCPTA amount. The hold order remains in effect to-date. Furthermore, on January 11, 2013, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy informed us that the FCPTA system needed to be reassessed in light of the current circumstancesother factors such as the prolonged unbilled

period since the announcement of the FCPTA system. There is no assurance as to when the Government will lift the hold order and allow us to bill and collect the accumulated FCPTA amount or whether the new tariff system will undergo other amendments to the effect that it will not fully cover our fuel and other costs on a timely basis or at all, or will not have unintended consequences that we are not presently aware of. Any such development may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. For further discussion, including in relation to accounting, see Item 4B. “Business Overview—Recent Developments—Correction of Accounting for Fuel Cost Pass-through Adjustment”, Item 4B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates”, Item 4B. “—Recent Developments— Correction of Accounting for Fuel Cost Pass-through Adjustment,” Item 5B. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Overview,” Item 5B.5A. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Critical Accounting Policy—Correction of Accounting for Fuel Cost Pass-through Adjustment” and Notes 2, 15 and 36 to the notes to our consolidated annual financial statements.Adjustment.”

The Government may adopt policy measures to substantially restructure the Korean electric power industry or our operational structure, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and profitability.

From time to time, the Government considers various policy initiatives to foster efficiency in the Korean electric power industry, and at times have adopted policy measures that have substantially altered our business and operations. For example, in January 1999, with the aim of introducing greater competition in the Korean electric power industry and thereby improving its efficiency, the Government announced a restructuring plan for the Korean electric power industry, or the Restructuring Plan. For a detailed description of the Restructuring Plan, see Item 4B. “Business Overview—Restructuring of the Electric Power Industry in Korea.” As part of this initiative, in April 2001 the Government established the Korea Power Exchange to enable the sale and purchase of electricity through a competitive bidding process, established the Korea Electricity Commission to ensure fair competition in the Korean electric power industry, and, in order to promote competition in electricity generation, split off our electricity generation business to form one nuclear generation company and five non-nuclearthermal generation companies, in each case, to be wholly owned by us. In 2002, the Government introduced a plan to privatize one of our five non-nuclearthermal generation subsidiaries, but this plan was suspended indefinitely in 2003 due to prevailing market conditions and other policy considerations.

In 2003, the Government established a Tripartite Commission consisting of representatives of the Government, leading businesses and labor unions in Korea to deliberate on ways to introduce competition in electricity distribution, such as by forming and privatizing new distribution subsidiaries. In 2004, the Tripartite Commission recommended not pursuing such privatization initiatives but instead creating independent business divisions within us to improve operational efficiency through internal competition. Following the adoption of such recommendation by the Government in 2004 and further studies by Korea Development Institute, in 2006 we created nine “strategic business units” (which, together with our other business units, were subsequently restructured into 14 such units in February 2012) that camehave a greater degree of autonomy with respect to have separate management, structures (although with limits on its autonomy), financial accounting systems and performance evaluation systems, but withwhile having a common focus on maximizingincreasing profitability.

OnIn August 25, 2010, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced the Proposal for the Improvement in the Structure of the Electric Power Industry, whose key initiatives included the following: (i) maintain the current structure of having six generation subsidiaries, (ii) designate the six generation subsidiaries as “market-oriented public enterprises” under the Public Agency Management Act in order to foster competition among them and autonomous and responsible management by them, (iii) create a supervisory unit to act as a “control tower” in reducing inefficiencies created by arbitrary division of labor among the six generation subsidiaries and fostering economies of scale among them and require the presidents of the generation subsidiaries to hold regular meetings, (iv) create a nuclear power export business unit to systematically enhance our capabilities to win projects involving the construction and operation of nuclear power plants overseas, (v) further rationalize the electricity tariff by adopting a fuel-cost based tariff system in 2011 and a voltage-based tariff system in a subsequent year, and (vi) create separate accounting systems for electricity generation,

transmission, distribution and sales with the aim of introducing competition in electricity sales in the intermediate future. Pursuant to this Proposal, in December 2010 the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced guidelines for a cooperative framework between us and our generation subsidiaries, and in January 2011 the five non-nuclearthermal generation subsidiaries formed a “joint cooperation unit” and transferred their pumped-storage hydroelectric business units to KHNP. Furthermore, in January 2011 the six generation subsidiaries were officially designated as “market-oriented public enterprises,” whereupon the President of Korea appoints the president and the statutory auditor of each such subsidiary; the selection of outside directors of each such subsidiary is subject to approval by the minister of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance; the president of each such subsidiary is required to enter into a management contract directly with the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy; and the Public Enterprise Management Evaluation Commission conducts performance evaluation of such subsidiaries. Previously, our president appointed the president and the statutory auditor of each such subsidiary; the selection of outside directors of each such subsidiary was subject to approval by our president; the president of each such subsidiary entered into a management contract with our president; and our evaluation committee conducted performance evaluation of such subsidiaries.

In addition, in order to deal with the shortage of fuel and other resources and also to comply with various environmental standards, the Government has adopted the Renewable Portfolio Standard (“RPS”), under which each generation subsidiary was required to supply 2.0% of the total energy generated from such subsidiary in the form of renewable energy in 2012 and will be required to supply 10.0% by 2022. The current budgeted amount of capital expenditure for implementation of the RPS as currently planned for the period from 2012 to 2022 is approximately Won 45 trillion. We expect that such additional capital expenditure will be covered by a corresponding increase in electricity tariff. However, there is no assurance that the Government will in fact raise the electricity tariff to a level sufficient to fully cover such additional capital expenditures or at all. For further details, see Item 4B. “Business Overview—Renewable Energy.”

Other than as set forth above, we are not aware of any specific planplans by the Government to resume the implementation of the Restructuring Plan or otherwise change the current structure of the electric power industry or the operations of us or our generation subsidiaries in the near future. However, for reasons relating to changes in policy considerations, socio-political, economic and market conditions and/or other factors, the Government may resume the implementation of the Restructuring Plan or initiate other steps that may change the structure of the Korean electric power industry or the operations of us or our generation subsidiaries. Any such measures may have a negative effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition.conditions. In addition, the Government, which beneficially owns a majority of our shares and exercises significant control over our business and operations, may from time to time pursue policy initiatives with respect to our business and operations, and such initiatives may vary from the interest and objectives of our other shareholders.

Our capacity expansion plans, which are based on projections on long-term supply and demand of electricity in Korea, may prove to be inadequate.

We and our generation subsidiaries make plans for expanding or upgrading our generation capacity based on the Basic Plan Relating to the Long-Term Supply and Demand of Electricity, or the Basic Plan, which is generally announcedrevised and revisedannounced every two years by the Government. In February 2013, the Government announced the sixthSixth Basic Plan relating to the future supply and demand of electricity. The sixthSixth Basic Plan, which is effective for the period from 2013 to 2027, focuses on, among other things, (i) minimizing the need to construct new generation facilities through active consumer demand management, (ii) ensuring that we maintain adequate electricity reserve appropriate to the size of the national economy and (iii) expanding our generation capacity to promote efficient supply of electricity in consideration of the stability of the national electricity grid network and the specific needs of localities. TheIn addition, while the Sixth Basic Plan did not contemplate the construction of additional nuclear plants in light of the heightened public concern over nuclear safety following the nuclear power plant meltdown in Japan in March 2011, there is no assurance that the Government may announcewill not implement a supplemental plan for the construction of additional nuclear plants which was not included in the sixth Basic Plan; such planfuture, which may increase the amount of our required capital expenditure.

In addition, on January 13, 2014, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy adopted the Second Basic National Energy Plan following consultations with representatives from civic groups, the power industry and academia. The Second Basic National Energy Plan, which is a comprehensive plan that covers the entire spectrum of energy industries in Korea, will cover the period from 2013 to 2035 (compared to 2008 to 2030 under the First Basic National Energy Plan) and focuses on the following six key tasks: (i) shifting the focus of energy policy to demand management with a goal of reducing electricity demand by 15% by 2035, (ii) establishing a geographically decentralized electricity generation system so as to reduce transmission losses with a goal of supplying at least 15% of total electricity through such system by 2035, (iii) applying latest greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies to newly constructed generation units in order to further promote safety and environmental friendliness, (iv) strengthening exploration and procurement capabilities to enhance Korea’s energy security and to ensure stable supply of energy and increasing the portion of electricity supplied from renewable sources to 11% by 2035, (v) reinforcing the system for stable supply of conventional energy, such as oil and gas, and (vi) introducing in 2015 an energy voucher system in lieu of a tariff discount system for the benefit of consumers in the low income group. In addition, the Second Basic National Energy Plan contemplates revising the target level of electricity generated by nuclear sources as a percentage of total electricity generated to 29%, compared to 41% under the First Basic National Energy Plan announced in 2008.

We cannot assure that the sixthSixth Basic Plan, the Second Basic National Energy Plan or the respective plans to be subsequently adopted will successfully achieve their intended goals, the foremost of which is to formulate aensure, through carefully calibrated capacity expansion plan that will result inand other means, balanced overall electricity supply and demand in Korea at an affordable costcosts to the end users.users while promoting efficiency and environmental friendliness in the consumption and production of electricity. If there is a significant variance between the projected electricity supply and

demand considered in planning our capacity expansions and the actual electricity supply and demand or if these plans otherwise fail to meet their intended goals or have other unintended consequences, this may

result in inefficient use of our capital, mispricing of electricity and undue financing costs on the part of us and our generation subsidiaries, among others, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

From time to time, we may experience temporary power shortages or circumstances bordering on power shortages due to factors beyond our control, such as extreme weather conditions. For example, due to extremely cold weather during winters of recent years, our electricity reserve level fell from time to time to a level lower than the normal level despite emergency measures mandated by the Government, such as reduced daytime railway services and reduced daytime industrial use of electricity during peak hours. In addition, due to the unanticipated late heat wave in mid-September 2011 and the resulting spike in the use of air conditioning, our reserve level fell to a level that resulted in temporary suspensions of electricity supply across several regions of Korea on that day despite emergency measures by the Government, such as direct load control and voluntary conservation, which preventedfor several hours to prevent a full-scale blackout. Circumstances such as these may lead to increasedend-user complaints and greater public scrutiny, which may in turn result in our need to modify our capacity expansion plans, and if we were to substantially modify our capacity plans, this may result in additional capital expenditures, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In light of these temporary power shortages, the Government has increasingly expanded its efforts to encourage conservation of electricity, including through a public relations campaign, but there is no assurance such efforts will have the desired effect of substantially reducing the demand for electricity or improving efficient use thereof.

We may require a substantial amount of additional indebtedness to refinance existing debt and for future capital expenditures.

We anticipate that a substantial amount of additional indebtedness will be required in the coming years in order to refinance existing debt, make capital expenditures for construction of generation plants and other facilities andand/or make acquisitions and investments related to overseas natural resources. In 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2012,2013, our capital expenditures (including capitalized interest) for the construction of generation, transmission and distribution facilities amounted to ￦11,414Won 11,984 billion, ￦11,984Won 12,751 billion and ￦13,215Won 15,831 billion, respectively, and our budgeted capital expenditures for 2013, 2014, 2015 and 20152016 amount to ￦19,714Won 19,898 billion, ￦20,376Won 18,479 billion and ￦18,651Won 16,339 billion, respectively. While we currently do not expect to face any material difficulties in procuring short-term borrowing to meet our liquidity and short-term capital requirements, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so. We expect that a portion of our long-term debt will need to be paid or refinanced through foreign currency-denominated borrowings and capital raising in international capital markets. Such financing may not be available on terms commercially acceptable to us or at all, especially if the global financial markets experience significant turbulence or a substantial reduction in liquidity or due to other factors beyond our control. If we are unable to obtain financing on commercially acceptable terms on a timely basis, or at all, we may be unable to meet our funding requirements or debt repayment obligations, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Recently, in light of the general policy guideline of the Government for public enterprises (including us and our generation subsidiaries) in general to reduce their respective overall debt levels, including by way of disposing of non-core assets, we are currently evaluating ways to reduce our debt levels. We cannot assure whether we or our generation subsidiaries will be able to successfully reduce debt burdens to a level contemplated by the Government or to a level that would be optimal for our capital structure. If we or our generation subsidiaries fail to reduce debt burdens to a level contemplated by the Government or the measures taken by us or our generation subsidiaries to reduce debt levels have unintended adverse consequences, such developments may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition.

The movement of Won against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may have a material adverse effect on us.

The Won has fluctuated significantly against major currencies in recent years, especially as a result of the ongoing difficulties in the global financial instability, especially in Europe.markets. See Item 3A. “Selected Financial Data—Currency Translations

and Exchange Rates.” Depreciation of Won against U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies typically results in a material increase in the cost of fuel and equipment purchased by us from overseas since the prices for substantially all of the fuel materials and a significant portion of the equipment we purchase are denominated in currencies other than Won, generally in U.S. dollars. Changes in foreign exchange rates may also impact the cost of servicing our foreign currency-denominated debt. As of December 31, 2012,2013, approximately

21.4% 20.9% of our long-term debt (including the current portion but excluding issue discounts and premium) before accounting for swap transactions, was denominated in foreign currencies, principally in U.S. dollars. In addition, even if we make payments in Won for certain fuel materials and equipment, some of these fuel materials (for example, all of our requirements for LNG are purchased from Korea Gas Corporation) may originate from other countries and their prices may be affected accordingly by the exchange rates between the Won and foreign currencies, especially the U.S. dollar. Since substantially allthe substantial majority of our revenues are denominated in Won, we must generally obtain foreign currencies through foreign-currency denominatedforeign currency-denominated financings or from foreign currency exchange markets to make such purchases or service such debt. As a result, any significant depreciation of Won against the U.S. dollar or other major foreign currencies will have a material adverse effect on our profitability and results of operations.

We may not be successful in implementing new business strategies.

As part of our overall business strategy, we plan to undertake new, or expand existing, projects such as strengthening(i) strengthen reliability of our renewable energy generation capabilities under the Renewable Portfolio Standards initiative, adoption of the “smart grid” projects to improve the operationaldomestic operations by enhancing efficiency of our electricitygeneration, transmission and distribution network,networks, (ii) expand overseas business by selectively exploring renewable energy, smart transmission and expansiondistribution facilities and fuel procurement projects in the overseas markets particularlyalong with our traditional businesses in the constructiongeneration sector, (iii) create a platform for new business growth opportunities by gaining “first mover” advantages in new businesses through technological development, and operation of nuclear generation units(iv) fulfill social responsibilities as an electricity provider by seeking a balance between our public policy mandate and the exploration and production of natural resources.profitability.

Due to their inherent uncertainties, such new and expanded strategic initiatives expose us to a number of risks and challenges, including the following:

As part of our business strategy, we may also seek, evaluate or engage in potential acquisitions, mergers, joint ventures, strategic alliances, restructurings, combinations, rationalizations, divestments or other similar opportunities. The prospects of these initiatives are uncertain, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully implement or grow new ventures, and these ventures may prove more difficult or costly than what we originally anticipated. In addition, we regularly review the profitability and growth potential of our existing and new business.businesses. As a result of such review, we may decide to exit from or to reduce the resources that we allocate to new or existing ventures in the future. There is a risk that these ventures may not achieve profitability or operational efficiencies to the extent originally anticipated, and we may fail to recover investments or expenditures that we have already made. Any of the foregoing may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We plan to pursue international expansion opportunities that may subject us to different or greater risks than those associated with our domestic operations.

While our operations have, to date,to-date, been primarily based in Korea, we plan tomay expand, on a selective basis, our overseas operations in the future. In particular, we plan tomay further diversify the geographic focus of our operations from Asia to the rest of the world, including the resource-rich Middle East, Australia and Africa as well as expand

our project portfolio which(which has to-date involved primarily the construction and operation of conventional thermal generation units,units) to include the construction and operation of nuclear power plants as well as mining and development of fuel sources in order to increase the level of self-sufficiency in the procurement of fuels.

Overseas operations generally carry risks that are different from those we face in our domestic operations. These risks include:

Any failure by us to recognize or respond to these differences may adversely affect the success of our operations in those markets, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Furthermore, while we seek to enter into business opportunities in a prudent and selective manner, some of our new international business ventures, such as mining and resource exploration, carry inherent risks that are different from our traditional business of electricity power generation, transmission and distribution. While these new businesses in the aggregate currently do not comprise a material portion of our overall business, as we are relatively inexperienced in these types of businesses, the actual revenues and profitability from, and investments and expenditures into, these business ventures may be substantially different from what we planned or anticipated and have a material adverse impact on our overall business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The proliferation of competing systems for independent generation ofAn increase in electricity generated by and/or sourcingsourced from private power producers wouldmay erode our market position and hurt our business, growth prospects, revenues and profitability.

In 2012,As of December 31, 2013, we and our generation subsidiaries owned approximately 84.2%81.5% of the total electricity generation capacity in Korea (excluding plants generating electricity for private or emergency use). New entrants to the electricity business will erode our market share and create significant competition, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial conditions and results of operation.

For example, while preparing

In particular, we compete with independent power producers with respect to electricity generation. The independent power generators accounted for 13.2% of total power generation in 2013 and 18.5% of total generation capacity as of December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2013, there were 10 independent power generators in Korea, excluding renewable energy producers. Prior to December 2010, private enterprises had not been permitted to own and operate coal-fired power plants in Korea. However, the Fifth Basic Plan announced in December 2010 included for the sixthfirst time a plan for independent power producers to own and operate coal-fired power plants, namely four generation units with aggregate capacity of 2,290 megawatts for completion in 2016. In addition, in connection with the Sixth Basic Plan which was announced in February 2013, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy accepted additional applications from private independent power producers, in addition to those from our generation subsidiaries, for construction of additional coal-fired power plants. Previously, private enterprises were not permitted to own and operate coal-fired power plants in Korea. Out of such applications by 15 independent power producers for construction of coal-fired power plants. 15 independent power producers applied for construction of a total of 40 additional coal-fired generation units with aggregate generation capacity of 37,100 megawatts, of which the Government approved applications for the construction of six generation units with aggregate generation capacity of 6,000 megawatts as well asmegawatts. The Government also approved applications from independent power producers for construction of two additional generation

units with aggregate generation capacity of 2,000 megawatts to provideprepare for the contingency of failed or delayed construction of these sixthe foregoing generation units. Construction for the six generation units is scheduled to be completed between 2018 and 2021. While it remains to be seen whether construction of these generation units will be completed as scheduled, if it were to be completed as scheduled or independent power producers are permitted to build additional generation capacity (whether coal-fired or not), our market share in Korea may decrease, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, in July 2004, the Government adoptedunder the Community Energy System adopted by the Government in 2004, a minimal amount of electricity is supplied directly to enable regional districts to source electricity fromconsumers on a localized basis by independent power producers to supply electricity without having to undergo the cost-based pool system used by our generation subsidiaries and most independent power producers to distribute electricity nationwide. A supplier of electricity under the Community Energy System must be authorized by the Korea Electricity Commission and be approved by the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy in accordance with the Electricity Business Act. The purpose of this system is to geographically decentralize electricity supply and thereby reduce transmission costslosses and improve the efficiency of energy use. These entities do not supply electricity on a national level but are licensed to supply electricity on ato limited basis to their respective districts under the Community Energy System.geographic areas. As of March 31, 2013, 14 districts were using this system. The generation capacity installed or under construction of the electricity suppliers in these 14 districts amounted to approximately 1% of2014, the aggregate generation capacity of our generation subsidiaries as of March 31, 2013. Since the introduction ofsuppliers participating in the Community Energy System represented less than 1% of that of our generation subsidiaries in 2004, a total of 31 districts have obtained the license to supply electricity throughaggregate. Accordingly, we currently do not expect the Community Energy System but 17to be widely adopted, especially in light of such districts have reportedly abandoned plans to adopt the Community Energy System, largely due to the relatively highsignificant level of capital expenditure required the rise in fuel costs and the lower-than-expected electricity output per cost.for such direct supply. However, if the Community Energy System is widely adopted, it willmay erode our currently dominant market position in the generation and distribution of electricity in Korea, and may have a material adverse effect on our business, growth, revenuesresults of operations and profitability.financial condition.

Labor unrest may adversely affect our operations.

We and each of our generation subsidiaries have separate labor unions. As of December 31, 2012,2013, approximately 68.4%69.7% of our and our generation subsidiaries’ employees in the aggregate were members of these labor unions. Since thea six-week labor strike in 2002 by the union members of our generation subsidiaries in response to thea proposed privatization of one of our generation subsidiaries, there has been no material subsequent labor dispute. However, we cannot assure you that there will not be a major labor strike or other material disruptions of operations by the labor unions of us and our generation subsidiaries if the Government resumes privatization or other restructuring initiatives or for other reasons, which may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Planned relocation of the headquarters of us and our generation subsidiaries may reduce our operational efficiency.

In June 2005, as part of an initiative to foster balanced economic growth in the provinces, the Government announced a plan to relocate the headquarters of select government-invested enterprises, including us and our six

generation and certain other subsidiaries, from the Seoul metropolitan area to other provinces in Korea. Currently, our headquarters and those of our generation subsidiaries are within close vicinity of each other in the City of Seoul. Pursuant to the Government’s relocation policy, our headquarters are scheduled to be relocated to Naju in Jeolla Province, which is approximately 300 kilometers south of Seoul. Although the relocation was initially scheduled to occur by the end of 2012, due to construction delays, we currently expect that the relocation will occur by the end of 2014. In addition, the headquarters of certain of our subsidiaries are scheduled to be relocated to various other cities in Korea. While we intend to comply with the relocation plan, there can be no assurance that, following such relocation, we will be able to maintain the current level of operational efficiency due to geographic dispersion of our business units.

Operation of nuclear power generation facilities inherently involves numerous hazards and risks, any of which could result in a material loss of revenues or increased expenses.

Through KHNP, we currently operate 23 nuclear-fuel generation units. Operation of nuclear power plants is subject to certain hazards, including environmental hazards such as leaks, ruptures and discharge of toxic and radioactive substances and materials. These hazards can cause personal injuries or loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property and natural resources, pollution or other environmental damage, clean-up responsibilities, regulatory investigation and penalties and suspension of operations. Nuclear power has a stable and relatively inexpensive cost structure (which is least costly among the fuel types used by our generation subsidiaries) and is the second largest source of Korea’s electricity supply, accounting for 29.8%27% of electricity generated in Korea in 2012.2013. Due to significantly lower unit fuel costs compared to those for conventionalthermal power plants, our nuclear power plants are generally operated at full capacity with only routine shutdowns for fuel replacement and maintenance, with limited exceptions.

From time to time, our nuclear generation units may experience unexpected shutdowns. For example, on February 9, 2012, Kori-1 experienced a station blackout for approximately 12 minutes during a scheduled maintenance overhaul. This incident was reported to the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission on March 12, 2012, leading to a further safety evaluation, after which Kori-1 resumed operations in August 2012. The breakdown, failure or suspension of operation of a nuclear unit could result in a material loss of revenues, an increase in fuel costs related to the use of alternative power sources, additional repair and maintenance costs, greater risk of litigation and increased social and political hostility to the use of nuclear power, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our financial conditions and results of operation.

In response to the damage to the nuclear facilities (including nuclear meltdowns) in Japan as a result of the tsunami and earthquake in March 2011, the Government announced plans to further enhance the safety and security of nuclear power facilities, including by establishing the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (“NSSC”) in July 2011 for neutral and independent safety appraisals, subjecting nuclear power plants to additional safety inspections by governmental authorities and civic groups and requiring KHNP to prepare a comprehensive safety improvement plan. As a result of the foregoing, as well as a generally higher level of public and regulatory scrutiny of nuclear power following the recent nuclear incident in Japan, KHNP plans to implement a significant number of measures to improve the safety and efficiency of its generation facilities for target completion by 2015. We expect to incur additional compliance costs and capital expenditures in relation to our improvement measures, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial conditions and results of operation.

Recent findings of falsified testing results and bribery and the subsequent prolonged shutdowns of certain of our nuclear generation units may adversely hurt our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

In May 2013, the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (“NSSC”) announced that it discovered certain control cables used in three of our then-operating nuclear generation units, Shin-Kori #1 and #2, Shin-Wolsung #1, and three units under construction, Shin-Kori #3 and #4 and Shin-Wolsung #2, had been supplied based on

forged testing results. These parts were custom-made and have critical functions in the case of emergency for activating certain safety signals. The forgery was made by a testing facility in charge of performance evaluation of the parts before delivery.

Upon such discovery, KHNP immediately began internal investigation of related certification documents and reported to the Prosecutor’s Office all testing facilities and suppliers suspected of forgery for further investigation. Currently, the NSSC, with the full cooperation of KHNP, is conducting a full scale investigation into the appropriateness of all testing results at all of our nuclear generation units. In addition, the Prosecutor’s Office has been conducting extensive investigation on all parties suspected of having been involved in the forgery and has brought several criminal and civil charges, including against several of KHNP’s former and current officers and employees. In addition, one of KHNP’s former CEOs and several former and current officers and employees of KHNP were arrested on separate bribery charges brought by the Prosecutor’s Office as part of a wider investigation into the nuclear power industry in general, and in June 2013, KHNP’s then CEO was dismissed by the Government for failure of oversight. KHNP has been fully cooperating with the authorities on these investigations and have promptly taken all appropriate disciplinary actions against KHNP’s employees allegedly involved in such incidents. KHNP has also immediately suspended all existing relationships with all of the entities alleged to have participated in any related illegal or improper activities. KHNP as an entity has not been subject to any criminal charges or sanctions. The investigations by the NSSC and the Prosecutor’s Office are still ongoing.

Immediately following the discovery of the forgery incident, Shin-Kori #1 and #2 and Shin-Wolsung #1 were shut down in May 2013 for further safety inspections. Shin-Kori #3 and #4 and Shin-Wolsung #2, where such parts were also used, currently remain under construction. Shin-Kori #1 and #2 and Shin-Wolsung #1 resumed operations in January 2014 following parts replacement and the NSSC approval. While we expect that the construction of the other units will proceed as originally planned, we cannot assure you that any or all of these units will complete construction as currently scheduled. As a result of the shutdown, we incurred additional operating expenses, including as a result of having had to purchase electricity generated from more expensive fuel sources while the aforementioned nuclear plants were suspended from operation.

The foregoing incidents follow a discovery in November 2012 that certain machinery parts, such as fuses and switches, used in KHNP’s nuclear-fuel generation units Hanbit #5 and Hanbit #6 had been supplied using forged quality certification documents. These parts were generic parts that were not essential to the function or safety of our nuclear generation, and the forgery was made by the suppliers of these parts. Following such discovery, relationships with these suppliers were immediately terminated and these units were shut down in November 2012 pending a Government investigation into the extent of the forgeries and the replacement of the affected parts, and the NSSC performed inspections on all generic supply parts at all of KHNP’s nuclear-fuel generation units. Upon completion of such investigation and inspections, Hanbit #5 and Hanbit #6 resumed operation in December 2012 and January 2013, respectively.

These incidents have had a material adverse effect, and may have a further material adverse effect, on our reputation, business, results of operation, financial condition as well as the general acceptance of nuclear power, especially if, as a result of these incidents or otherwise, there are findings of other criminal or other illegal or improper activities or if there are additional shutdowns that lead to greater social and political concerns over nuclear safety to the effect of impeding with our normal operation of nuclear generation units. See “Item 4B. Business—Recent Developments—Recent incidents involving certain of our nuclear units.”

The construction and operation of nuclear-fuelour generation, unitstransmission and distribution facilities involve difficulties, such as civic opposition from civic groups, which may have an adverse effect on us.

In recent years,From time to time, we have encountered increasingencounter social and political opposition to theagainst construction and operation of our generation facilities (particularly nuclear generation units.units) and, to a lesser extent, our transmission and distribution facilities.

As a recent example, we are currently facing intense opposition from local residents and civic groups to the construction of transmission lines in the Milyang area despite having offered various compensatory and other support programs. Such opposition has delayed the schedule for completion of this project. Although we and the Government have undertaken various community programs to address concerns of residents in areas near our nuclear units,facilities, civic and community opposition to the construction and operation of nuclear units could result in delayed construction or relocation of our planned nuclear generation units,facilities, which could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operation. See Item 4B. “Business Overview—Power Generation—Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.,” “—Community Programs” and “—Insurance.”

On February 9, 2012, our nuclear generation unit Kori-1 experienced a station blackout for approximately 12 minutes during a scheduled maintenance overhaul which began on February 4, 2012 and was scheduled to be completed on March 4, 2012. This incident was reported to the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission on March 12, 2012, which ordered a temporary shut-down of the Kori-1 on March 13, 2012, pending further safety evaluation. In addition, it was recently discovered that certain machinery parts used in our nuclear-fuel generation units had been supplied using forged quality certification documents, resulting in a temporary shutdown of two nuclear-fuel generation units in Yonggwang from November 2012 to January 2013. The Government has initiated a probe in order to investigate the extent of the forgeries and has ordered the Nuclear Safety & Security Commission to perform inspections on all of the nuclear-fuel generation units operated by us. Although we believe that the fraudulently certified parts are not material to the function or safety of our nuclear-fuel generation units, the investigation and unexpected blackouts may raise social and political concerns regarding the safety of our nuclear units, which could have an adverse impact on our financial conditions and results of operation.

We are subject to environmental regulations, including in relation to climate change, and our operations could expose us to substantial liabilities.

We are subject to national, local and overseas environmental laws and regulations, including increasing pressure to reduce emission of carbon dioxide relating to our electricity generation activities as well as our natural resource development endeavors overseas. Our operations could expose us to the risk of substantial liability relating to environmental or health and safety issues, such as those resulting from discharge of pollutants and carbon dioxide into the environment and the handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials. We may be responsible for the investigation and remediation of environmental conditions at current or former operational sites. We may also be subject to related liabilities (including liabilities for environmental damage, third party property damage or personal injury) resulting from lawsuits brought by governments or private litigants. In the course of our operations, hazardous wastes may be generated, disposed of or treated at third party-ownedor -operated sites. If those sites become contaminated, we could also be held responsible for the cost of investigation and remediation of such sites for any related liabilities, as well as for civil or criminal fines or penalties.

We currently operate extensive programs to comply with various environmental regulations, including the Renewable Portfolio Standard (“RPS”) program, under which each generation subsidiary wasis required to supply 2.0%generate a specified percentage of the total energyelectricity to be generated fromby such generation subsidiary in a given year in the form of renewable energy, with the target percentage being 2.0% in 2012, 2.5% in 2013 and will be requiredincrementally increasing to supply 10.0% by 2022, with fines being2022. Fines are to be levied on any unit failingsubsidiary that fails to do so in the prescribed timeline. SatisfactionIn 2012, while one of our generation subsidiaries met 100% of its target, five others were unsuccessful to do so. Our six generation subsidiaries met, on average, 90.8% of the supply target for 2012 and accordingly were fined an aggregate amount of Won 23.7 billion. Compliance by our generation subsidiaries of the 2013 target is currently under evaluation, and our generation subsidiariesif we are found to have failed to satisfymeet the supply target for 2013 or for subsequent years, our generation subsidiaries may become subject to fineadditional fines or other penalty although we are currently unable to predict the type or amount of fine or other penalty that will be imposed.penalties. There is no assurance that such fine or other penalty will not be substantial. Ifsubstantial, and if substantial, such fine or other penalty may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. The budgeted amount of capital expenditure for implementation of the RPS as currently planned for the period from 2013 to 2022 is approximately Won 13.7 trillion. We expect that such additional capital expenditure to be covered by a corresponding increase in electricity tariff. However, there is no assurance that the Government will in fact raise the electricity tariff to a level sufficient to fully cover such additional capital expenditures or at all. See also Item 4B. “Business Overview—Renewable Energy.”

Our environmental measures, including the use of environmentally friendly but more expensive parts and equipment and budgeting capital expenditures for the installation of such facilities, may result in increased operating costs and liquidity requirement. The actual cost of installation and operation of such equipment and related liquidity requirement will depend on a variety of factors which may be beyond our control. There is no assurance that we will continue to be in material compliance with legal or social standards or requirements in the future in relation to the environment, including in respect of climate change. See Item 4B. “Business Overview—Environmental Programs” and “Business Overview—Renewable Energy.”

Newly adopted coal consumption tax may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and profitability.

On January 1, 2014, largely based on policy considerations of tax equity among different fuel types as well as environmental concerns, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance announced that, effective July 1, 2014,

consumption tax will apply to bituminous coal, which previously was not subject to consumption tax unlike other fuel types such as LNG or bunker oil. The base tax rate (which is subject to certain adjustments) will be Won 24 per kilogram for bituminous coal; however, due to concerns on the potential adverse effect on industrial activities, the applicable tax rate will be Won 19 per kilogram for bituminous coal with net heat generation of 5,000 kilo calories or more per kilogram, and Won 17 per kilogram for bituminous coal with net heat generation of less than 5,000 kilo calories per kilogram. In contrast, the applicable tax rate for LNG will be reduced from Won 60 per kilogram to Won 42 per kilogram. Since bituminous coal currently represents the largest fuel type for electricity generation, accounting for approximately 43.0% of our entire fuel requirements in 2013 in terms of electricity output, we expect the newly adopted consumption tax thereon will result in an increase of our overall fuel costs, notwithstanding the decrease in the consumption tax rate for LNG, which accounted for approximately 19.7% of our entire fuel requirements in 2013 in terms of electricity output. While we expect that such additional fuel costs will be covered by a corresponding increase in electricity tariff, there is no assurance that the Government will in fact raise electricity tariff to a level sufficient to fully cover such additional costs in a timely manner or at all, and if the Government does not do so, the increase in our overall fuel costs arising from the newly adopted coal consumption tax will adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition.

Our risk management procedures may not prevent losses in debt and foreign currency positions.

We manage interest rate exposure for our debt instruments by limiting our variable rate debt exposure as a percentage of our total debt and closely monitoring the movements in market interest rates. We also actively manage currency exchange rate exposure for our foreign currency-denominated liabilities by measuring the potential loss therefrom using risk analysis software and entering into derivative contracts to hedge such exposure when the possible loss reaches a certain risk limit. To the extent we have unhedged positions or our hedging and other risk management procedures do not work as planned, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

The amount and scope of coverage of our insurance are limited.

Substantial liability may result from the operations of our nuclear generation units, the use and handling of nuclear fuel and possible radioactive emissions associated with such nuclear fuel. KHNP carries insurance for its generation units and nuclear fuel transportation, and we believe that the level of insurance is generally adequate and is in compliance with relevant laws and regulations. In addition, KHNP is the beneficiary of Government indemnity which covers a portion of liability in excess of the insurance. However, such insurance is limited in terms of amount and scope of coverage and does not cover all types or amounts of losses which could arise in connection with the ownership and operation of nuclear plants. Accordingly, material adverse financial consequences could result from a serious accident or a natural disaster to the extent it is neither insured nor covered by the government indemnity.

In addition, our non-nuclearthermal generation subsidiaries carry insurance covering certain risks, including fire, in respect of their key assets, including buildings and equipment located at their respective power plants, construction-in-progress and imported fuel and procurement in transit. Such insurance and indemnity, however, cover only a portion of the assets that the non-nuclearthermal generation subsidiaries own and operate and do not cover all types or amounts of loss that could arise in connection with the ownership and operation of these power plants. In addition, unlike us, our generation subsidiaries are not permitted to self-insure, and accordingly have notself-insured, against risks of their uninsured assets or business. Accordingly, material adverse financial consequences could result from a serious accident to the extent it is uninsured.

In addition, because neither we nor our generation subsidiaries, other than KHNP, carry any insurance against terrorist attacks, an act of terrorism would result in significant financial losses. See Item 4B. “Business Overview—Insurance.”

We may not be able to raise equity capital in the future without the participation of the Government.

Under applicable laws, the Government is required to directly or indirectly own at least 51.0%51% of our issued capital stock. As of December 31, 2012,February 17, 2014 the last day on which our shareholder registry was closed, the Government, directly and through Korea Finance Corporation (a statutory banking institution wholly-ownedwholly owned by the Government), owned 51.1% of our issued capital stock. Accordingly, without changes in the existing Korean law, it may be difficult or impossible for us to undertake, without the participation of the Government, any equity financing in the future.

Following from the recent decision of the Supreme Court of Korea, we may be exposed to potential claims made by current or previous employees for unpaid wages for the past three years under the expanded scope of ordinary wages and become subject to additional labor costs arising from the broader interpretation of ordinary wages under such decision.

Under the Labor Standards Act, an employee is legally entitled to “ordinary wages.” Under the guidelines previously issued by the Ministry of Labor, ordinary wages include base salary and certain fixed monthly allowances for work performed overtime during night shifts and holidays. Prior to the Supreme Court decision described below, many companies in Korea had typically interpreted these guidelines as excluding from the scope of ordinary wages fixed bonuses that are paid other than on a monthly basis, namely on a bi-monthly, quarterly or biannually basis, although such interpretation had been a subject of controversy and had been overruled in a few court cases.

In December 2013, the Supreme Court of Korea ruled that regular bonuses fall under the category of ordinary wages on the condition that those bonuses are paid regularly and uniformly, and that any agreement which excludes such regular bonuses from ordinary wage is invalid. The Supreme Court further ruled that in spite of invalidity of such agreements, employees shall not retroactively claim additional wages incurred due to such court decision, in case that such claims bring to employees unexpected benefits which substantially exceeds the wage level agreed by employers and employees and cause an unpredicted increase in expenditures for their company, which would lead the company to material managerial difficulty or would threat to the existence of the company. In that case, the claim is not acceptable since it is unjust and is in breach of the principle of good faith. Prior to such Supreme Court ruling, we determined wages in accordance with budget instructions from the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, which excluded bonuses from ordinary wages and which was determined with the consent of the relevant labor unions.

Following the Supreme Court decision, the Korea Power Plant Industry Union and others filed lawsuits in an aggregate amount of Won 44.6 billion against our six generation subsidiaries, based on claims that ordinary wage was paid without including certain items that should have been included as ordinary wage. Our management currently believes that we are not presently obligated to make any payments in relation to this matter and we accordingly had not made any provision in relation thereto as of December 31, 2013 since it is unclear how the Supreme Court ruling should be applied and it is not possible to reasonably estimate the amount of potential loss since such amount will depend on the nature of the future (other than salesagreement between management and relevant labor unions and/or the outcome of treasury stock).the foregoing or related lawsuits. However, should the outcome of these or other lawsuits be finally determined against us, the resulting compensation we will be required to pay and any related increase in labor costs will have an adverse effect on our results of operation and cash flows.

Risks Relating to Korea and the Global Economy

Unfavorable financial and economic conditions in Korea and globally may have a material adverse impact on us.

We are incorporated in Korea, where most of our assets are located and most of our income is generated. As a result, we are subject to political, economic, legal and regulatory risks specific to Korea, and our business, results of operation and financial condition are substantially dependent on the Korean consumers’ demand for

electricity, which are in turn largely dependent on developments relating to the Korean economy. The Korean economy is closely integrated with, and is significantly affected by, developments in the global economy and financial markets.

The ongoingWhile in the aftermath of the global financial crisis that started in the second half of 2008 there have been mixed signs of recovery for the global and Korean economy, substantial uncertainties remain in the form of anticipated tightening of the U.S. monetary policy, continued fiscal and financial challenges affectingfor the European, U.S. and global financial sectors,economies, fluctuations in oil and commodity prices, and the general weakness of the European, U.S., Chinese and global economy have increased the uncertainty of global economic prospects in general and have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the Korean economy. Due to the ongoing volatility in the global financial markets, the value of the Won relative to the U.S. dollar has also fluctuated significantly in recent years. Furthermore, as a result of adverse global and Korean economic conditions, there has been continuing volatility in the stock prices of Korean companies. While deterioration of the global economy slowed in the second half of 2009, with some signs of stabilization and improvement beginning in 2010, substantial uncertainties have resurfaced in the form of fiscal and financial sector crisis in several European countries (including Greece, Spain, Italy, Ireland, France and Portugal), as well as threats to the viability of the Euro as a common European currency, a downgrade in the sovereign or other credit ratings of governments and financial institutions in Europe and the United States and signs of cooling of the Chinese economy and Indian economies,a rise of military and political tension in the Crimean peninsula and former members of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, the overall prospects for the Korean and global economy in 20132014 and beyond remain uncertain. While our aggregate financial exposure to the European countries currently beingthat have been significantly affected by the ongoing fiscal and financial crisis remains less than 1% of our consolidated total assets, any future deterioration of the global economy may have an adverse impact on the Korean economy, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. As the Korean economy is highly dependent on the health and direction of the global economy, the prices of our securities may be adversely affected by investors’ reactions to developments in other countries. In addition, due to the ongoing volatility in the global financial markets, the value of the Won relative to the U.S. dollar has also fluctuated significantly in recent years, which in turn also may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation.

Factors that determine economic and business cycles of the Korean or global economy are for the most part beyond our control and inherently uncertain. In light of the high level of

interdependence of the global economy, any of the foregoing developments could have a material adverse effect on the Korean economy and financial markets, and in turn on our business and profitability.

More specifically, factors that could hurt the Korean economy in the future include, among others:

Any future deterioration of the Korean economy could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

Tensions with North Korea could have an adverse effect on us and the market value of our shares.

Relations between Korea and North Korea have been tense throughout Korea’s modern history. The level of tension between the two Koreas has fluctuated and may increase abruptly as a result of current and future events. In

recent years, there have been heightened security concerns stemming from North Korea’s nuclear weapons and long-range missile programs and increased uncertainty regarding North Korea’s actions and possible responses from the international community. Recently, on April 13, 2012, North Korea conducted a test of a long-range missile against the protests of many in the international community, including Korea, Japan and the United States. On December 12, 2012, North Korea conducted a rocket launch under the premise of placing a satellite in orbit. This launch has been widely criticized by the international community as a veiled attempt by North Korea to further develop its long-range ballistic missile program. The United Nations Security Council has strongly condemned the tests and the United States has cut off food aid to North Korea. North Korea has responded by issuing a statement that it is free to take necessary retaliatory measures. Most recently, on February 12, 2013, North Korea conducted a nuclear test at its underground test facility in Punggye-ri. The nuclear test has been condemned by the international community and the United National Security Council and the European Union has agreed to a set of new sanctions against North Korea. North Korea has responded to these new sanctions by announcing its withdrawal from the Korean Armistice Agreement and with provocative rhetoric which has increased tensions on the Korean peninsula. After Korea announced on October 7, 2012, that it would extend the range of its ballistic missiles from 185 to 500 miles, a distance which could hit the northeast corner of North Korea from launch sites in central Korea, the National Defense Commission (which is the top military body of North Korea) announced it was ready to wage war on the United States and its allies and threatened to launch nuclear weapons in the event the United States or its allies use nuclear weapons against North Korea.

There recently has been increased uncertainty about the future of North Korea’s political leadership and its implications for the economic and political stability of the region. Shortly after the death of Kim Jong-il, along-standing former ruler of North Korea, in December 2011 his son Kim Jong-eunJong-un was named North Korea’s Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. Whether Kim Jong-eunJong-un will successfully solidify his political power or whether he will implement policies that will successfully assist North Korea in withstanding the many challenges it faces, however, remains uncertain. In addition,If the consolidation of power by Kim Jong-un is not successful or there exist any material conflicts among different political factions, there may be significant uncertainty regarding the policies, actions and initiatives that North Korea’s economy faces severe challenges.Korea might pursue in the future. For example, in December 2013, Jang Sung-Taek, husband to Kim Jong-un’s aunt, who was widely speculated to be the second in command, was executed on November 30, 2009,charges of sedition, among others. Although the implications of such developments remain uncertain, it may cause further political and social instability in North Korea redenominated its currency at a ratioand/or adoption of 100 to 1 as partmore hostile policies that could enhance friction with Korea and the rest of its first currency reform in 17the world.

In recent years, as a way to control inflation and reduce the income gap among its citizens. In tandem with the currency redenomination, the North Korean government banned the use or possession of foreign currency by its residents and closed down privately run markets, which led to severe inflation and food shortages. Such developments may further aggravate social and political tensions within North Korea.

Furthermore, there have been recent military conflictsheightened security concerns stemming from North Korea’s nuclear weapons and long-range missile programs and increased uncertainty regarding North Korea’s actions and possible responses from the international community. In January 2003, North Korea renounced its obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and conducted multiple rounds of nuclear tests between October 2006 and February 2013, which increased tensions in the region and elicited strong objections worldwide. In response, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed resolutions that condemned North Korea for the nuclear tests and expanded sanctions against North Korea, most recently in March 2013.

North Korea has recently undertaken other hostile actions. For example, in March 2010, a Korean naval vessel was destroyed by an underwater explosion, killing many of the crewmen on board. The Government formally accused North Korea of causing the sinking, while North Korea denied responsibility. Moreover, in November 2010, North Korea fired more than one hundred artillery shells that hit Korea’s Yeonpyeong Island near the Northern Limit Line, which acts as the de facto maritime boundary between Korea and North Korea on the Korean peninsula. On March 26, 2010, the Cheonan, a Korean navy ship, sank off the westernwest coast of Korea killing 46 soldiers. An investigation carried out by the Joint Civilian-Military Investigation Group, consisting of investigators from Korea, the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom and Sweden, concluded that the Cheonan was sunk by a North Korean torpedo. Also, on November 23, 2010, the North Korean military fired artillery shells onto the Korean island of Yeonpyeong, killing two Korean soldierspeninsula, causing casualties and two civilians which set off an exchange of fire between the two sides. Around the end of 2010, the International Criminal Court tentatively concluded that North Korea’s sinking of the Cheonan and shelling of the island of Yeonpyeong constituted a war crime, and launched a preliminary investigation regarding such incidents.significant property damage. The Government

On August 22, 2011,

condemned North Korea unilaterally declared that it will legally dispose of all Korean-owned real estate, equipmentfor the attack and raw materials it seized in April 2010 within the Mt. Geumgang resort area (the “Geumgang area”), concurrent with its seizure and embargo of Korean supplies and assets and its exit order of all employees who were dispatched from Korea (the “2011 Declaration”). It is estimated that the value of the assets, including the real estate, owned by the Government, the Korea Tourism Organization and other private Korean companies in the Geumgang area amount to approximately ￦484.1 billion. Tourism in the Geumgang area has effectively been discontinued since a Korean tourist was shot and killed by a North Korean soldier on July 11, 2008. More recently, onvowed stern retaliation should there be further provocation. In March 27, 2013, North Korea severeddeclared the last remaining military hotline1953 armistice invalid, stated that it had entered “a state of war” with Korea, and put its artillery at the highest level of combat readiness to protest the Korea-United States allies’ military drills and additional sanctions imposed on April 2, 2013, North Korea announced that it would restart afor its missile and nuclear reactor located at Yongbyon. In addition, ontests.

On April 3, 2013, North Korea suspended access toblocked South Koreans from entering the Kaesong joint industrialIndustrial Complex, an economic cooperation zone to South Korean workerswithin North Korea and on April 26, 2013 the GovernmentSouth Korea decided to withdraw South Koreanits workers from the complex. Currently,In September 2013, however, Korea and North Korea reached an agreement and resumed operation of the

Government is in Kaesong Industrial Complex, and have since made efforts to improve the processbusiness environment of considering various other options, including legal and diplomatic measures but it is unclear whether and when the complex, including by building radio frequency identification data transfer systems and launching internet service, among others. In February 2014, the U.S. Congressional Research Service reported that the Government’s approach towards the expansion and internationalization of the Kaesong Industrial Complex could conflict with U.S. legislative efforts to expand its sanctions on North Korea, and there is no assurance that the Government will resume operation.not reverse or reduce its such efforts at detente.

There can be no assurance that the level of tension and instability inon the Korean peninsula will not escalate in the future, or that thefuture. Furthermore, North Korea’s economy also faces severe challenges, including severe inflation and food shortages, which may further aggravate social and political regime intensions within North Korea. In addition, reunification of Korea and North Korea may not suddenly collapse.could occur in the future, which would entail significant economic expenditure and commitment by Korea. Any further increase in tensioneconomic or uncertainty relating to the militarypolitical difficulties within North Korea or economic stability in the Korean peninsula, including a breakdown of diplomatic negotiations over the North Korean nuclear program, occurrenceescalation of military hostilities or heightened concerns about the stability oftension between Korea and North Korea’s political leadership,Korea could have a material adverse effect on ourthe Company’s business, financial condition and results of operation and couldoperations as well as lead to a decline in the market value of our common shares and our American depositary shares.

We are generally subject to Korean corporate governance and disclosure standards, which differ in significant respects from those in other countries.

Companies in Korea, including us, are subject to corporate governance standards applicable to Korean public companies which differ in many respects from standards applicable in other countries, including the United States. As a reporting company registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, we are, and will continue to be, subject to certain corporate governance standards as mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended. However, foreign private issuers, including us, are exempt from certain corporate governance standards required under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or the rules of the New York Stock Exchange. For a description of significant differences in corporate governance standards, see Item 16G. “Corporate Governance.” There may also be less publicly available information about Korean companies, such as us, than is regularly made available by public or non-public companies in other countries. Such differences in corporate governance standards and less public information could result in less than satisfactory corporate governance practices or disclosure to investors in certain countries.

You may not be able to enforce a judgment of a foreign court against us.

We are a corporation with limited liability organized under the laws of Korea. Substantially all of our directors and officers and other persons named in this annual report reside in Korea, and all or a significant portion of the assets of our directors and officers and other persons named in this annual report and substantially all of our assets are located in Korea. As a result, it may not be possible for holders of the American depository shares to affect service of process within the United States, or to enforce against them or us in the United States judgments obtained in United States courts based on the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. There is doubt as to the enforceability in Korea, either in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of United States courts, of civil liabilities predicated on the United States federal securities laws.

Risks Relating to Our American Depositary Shares

There are restrictions on withdrawal and deposit of common shares under the depositary facility.

Under the deposit agreement, holders of shares of our common stock may deposit those shares with the depositary bank’s custodian in Korea and obtain American depositary shares, and holders of American depositary shares may surrender American depositary shares to the depositary bank and receive shares of our common stock. However, under current Korean laws and regulations, the depositary bank is required to obtain our prior consent for the number of shares to be deposited in any given proposed deposit which exceeds the difference between (1) the aggregate number of shares deposited by us for the issuance of American depositary shares (including deposits in connection with the initial and all subsequent offerings of American depositary shares and stock dividends or other distributions related to these American depositary shares) and (2) the number of shares on deposit with the depositary bank at the time of such proposed deposit. We have consented to the deposit of outstanding shares of common stock as long as the number of American depositary shares outstanding at any time does not exceed 80,153,810 shares. As a result, if you surrender American depositary shares and withdraw shares of common stock, you may not be able to deposit the shares again to obtain American depositary shares.

Ownership of our shares is restricted under Korean law.

Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, with certain exceptions, a foreign investor may acquire shares of a Korean company without being subject to any single or aggregate foreign investment ceiling. As one such exception, certain designated public corporations, such as us, are subject to a 40.0%40% ceiling on acquisitions of shares by foreigners in the aggregate. The Financial Services Commission may increase or decrease these percentages ifimpose other restrictions as it deems it necessary for the public interest, protection of investors or industrial policy.and the stabilization of the Korean securities and derivatives market.

In addition to the aggregate foreign investment ceiling, the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act and our Articles of Incorporation set a 3% ceiling on acquisition by a single investor (whether domestic or foreign) of the shares of our common stock. Any person (with certain exceptions) who holds our issued and outstanding shares in excess of such 3% ceiling cannot exercise voting rights with respect to our shares exceeding such limit.

The ceiling on aggregate investment by foreigners applicable to us may be exceeded in certain limited circumstances, including as a result of acquisition of:

A foreigner who has acquired our shares in excess of any ceiling described above may not exercise his voting rights with respect to our shares exceeding such limit and the Financial Services Commission may take necessary corrective action against him.

Holders of our ADSs will not have preemptive rights in certain circumstances.

The Korean Commercial Code and our Articles of Incorporation require us, with some exceptions, to offer shareholders the right to subscribe for new shares in proportion to their existing ownership percentage whenever new shares are issued. If we offer any rights to subscribe for additional shares of our common stock or any rights of any other nature, the depositary bank, after consultation with us, may make the rights available to you or use

reasonable efforts to dispose of the rights on your behalf and make the net proceeds available to you. The depositary bank, however, is not required to make available to you any rights to purchase any additional shares unless it deems that doing so is lawful and feasible and:

We are under no obligation to file any registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in relation to the registration rights. If a registration statement is required for you to exercise preemptive rights but is not filed by us, you will not be able to exercise your preemptive rights for additional shares and you will suffer dilution of your equity interest in us.

The market value of your investment in our ADSs may fluctuate due to the volatility of the Korean securities market.

Our common stock is listed on the KRX KOSPI Division of the Korea Exchange, which has a smaller market capitalization and is more volatile than the securities markets in the United States and many European countries. The market value of ADSs may fluctuate in response to the fluctuation of the trading price of shares of our common stock on the Stock Market Division of the Korea Exchange. The Stock Market Division of the Korea Exchange has experienced substantial fluctuations in the prices and volumes of sales of listed securities and the Stock Market Division of the Korea Exchange has prescribed a fixed range in which share prices are permitted to move on a daily basis. Like other securities markets, including those in developed markets, the Korean securities market has experienced problems including market manipulation, insider trading and settlement failures. The recurrence of these or similar problems could have a material adverse effect on the market price and liquidity of the securities of Korean companies, including our common stock and ADSs, in both the domestic and the international markets.

The Korean government has the potential ability to exert substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector business community, and in the past has exerted that influence from time to time. For example, the Korean government has promoted mergers to reduce what it considers excess capacity in a particular industry and has also encouraged private companies to publicly offer their securities. Similar actions in the future could have the effect of depressing or boosting the Korean securities market, whether or not intended to do so. Accordingly, actual or perceived actions or inactions by the government or the perception that such actions are taking place, may take place or has ceased, may cause sudden movements in the market prices of the securities of Korean companies in the future, which may affect the market price and liquidity of our common stock and ADSs.

Your dividend payments and the amount you may realize in connection with a sale of your ADSs will be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Won.

Investors who purchase the American depositary shares will be required to pay for them in U.S. dollars. Our outstanding shares are listed on the Korea Exchange and are quoted and traded in Won. Cash dividends, if any, in respect of the shares represented by the American depositary shares will be paid to the depositary bank in Won and then converted by the depositary bank into U.S. dollars, subject to certain conditions. Accordingly, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Won and the U.S. dollar will affect, among other things, the amounts a registered holder or beneficial owner of the American depositary shares will receive from the depositary bank in respect of dividends, the U.S. dollar value of the proceeds which a holder or owner would receive upon sale in Korea of the shares obtained upon surrender of American depositary shares and the secondary market price of the American depositary shares.

If the Government deems that certain emergency circumstances are likely to occur, it may restrict the depositary bank from converting and remitting dividends in U.S. dollars.

If the Government deems that certain emergency circumstances are likely to occur, it may impose restrictions such as requiring foreign investors to obtain prior Government approval for the acquisition of Korean securities or for the repatriation of interest or dividends arising from Korean securities or sales proceeds from disposition of such securities. These emergency circumstances include any or all of the following:

The depositary bank may not be able to secure such prior approval from the governmentGovernment for the payment of dividends to foreign investors when the Government deems that there are emergency circumstances in the Korean financial markets.

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

Item 4A. History and Development of the Company

General Information

Our legal and corporate name is Korea Electric Power Corporation. We were established by the Government on December 31, 1981 as a statutory juridical corporation in Korea under the Korea Electric Power Corporation (“KEPCO”) Act as the successor to Korea Electric Company. Our registered office is located at 167 Samseong-dong,512 Yeongdongdaero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea, and our telephone number is 82-2-3456-4216.82-2-3456-4217. Our website address is www.kepco.co.kr. Our agent in the United States is Korea Electric Power Corporation, New York Office, located at 7th Floor, Parker Plaza, 400 Kelby Street, Fort Lee, NJ 07024.

The Korean electric utility industry traces its origin to the establishment of the first electric utility company in Korea in 1898. On July 1, 1961, the industry was reorganized by the merger of Korea Electric Power Company, Seoul Electric Company and South Korea Electric Company, which resulted in the formation of Korea Electric Company. From 1976 to 1981, the Government acquired the private minority shareholdings in Korea Electric Company. After the Government acquired all the remaining shares of Korea Electric Company, Korea Electric Company was dissolved, and we were incorporated in 1981 and assumed the assets and liabilities of Korea Electric Company. We ceased to be wholly-ownedwholly owned by the Government in 1989 when the Government sold 21.0%21% of our common stock. As of December 31, 2012,February 17, 2014, the last day on which our shareholder registry was closed, the Government maintained 51.1% ownership in aggregate of our common shares by direct holdings by the Government and indirect holdings through Korea Finance Corporation, a statutory banking institution wholly owned by the Government.

Under relevant laws of Korea, the Government is required to own, directly or indirectly, at least 51.0%51% of our capital. Direct or indirect ownership of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock enables the Government to control the approval of certain corporate matters relating to us that require a shareholders’ resolution, including approval of dividends. The rights of the Government and Korea Finance Corporation as holders of our common stock are exercised by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, based on the Government’s ownership of our common stock and a proxy received from Korea Finance Corporation, in consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance.

We operate under the general supervision of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, in consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, is responsible for approving, subject to review by the Korea Electricity Commission, the electricity rates we charge our customers. See Item 4B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates.” We furnish reports to officials of

the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance and other Government agencies and regularly consult with such officials on matters relating to our business and affairs. See Item 4B. “Business Overview—Regulation.” Our non-standing directors, who comprise the majority of our board of directors, must be appointed by the Ministry of Strategy and Finance following the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee from a pool of candidates recommended by our director nomination committee and must have ample knowledge and experience in business management, and our President must be appointed by the President of the Republic upon the motion of the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy following the nomination by our Director Nomination Committee,director nomination committee, the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee and an approval at the general meeting of shareholders. See Item 6A. “Directors and Senior Management—Board of Directors.”

Item 4B. Business Overview

Introduction

We are an integrated electric utility company engaged in the transmission and distribution of substantially all of the electricity in Korea. Through our six wholly-owned generation subsidiaries, we also generate

substantially all the substantial majority of the electricity produced in Korea. As of December 31, 2012,2013, we and our generation subsidiaries owned approximately 84.2%81.5% of the total electricity generatinggeneration capacity in Korea (excluding plants generating electricity primarily for private or emergency use). In 2012,2013, we sold to our customers approximately 466,593474,849 gigawatt-hours of electricity. We purchase electricity principally from our generation subsidiaries and to a lesser extent from independent power producers. Of the 488,903479,287 gigawatt-hours of electricity we purchased in 2012, 30.4%2013, 28.8% was generated by KHNP, our wholly-owned nuclear and hydroelectric power generation subsidiary, 57.3%60.6% was generated by our wholly-owned five non-nuclearthermal generation subsidiaries and 12.3%10.6% was generated by independent power producers. Our five non-nuclearthermal generation subsidiaries are KOSEP, KOMIPO, KOWEPO, KOSPO and EWP, each of which is wholly-ownedwholly owned by us and is incorporated in Korea. We derive substantially all of our revenues and profit from Korea, and substantially all of our assets are located in Korea.

In 2012,2013, we had sales of Won 53,713 billion and net profit of Won 174 billion, compared to sales of Won 49,121 billion and net loss of Won 3,1673,078 billion (excluding non-controlling interests) compared to sales of Won 43,175 billion and net loss of Won 3,370 billion (excluding non-controlling interests) in 2011. Our sales increased primarily as a result of a 2.5% increase in kilowatt hours of electricity sold in 2012, which was attributable primarily to the general increase in demand for electricity among consumers in Korea as a result of a slow but steady economic growth in 2012. The increase in the volume of electricity sold was due to a 2.6% increase of electricity sold to the industrial sector, including light power usage, and a 2.1% increase in kilowatt hours of electricity sold to the commercial sector, and a 3.1% increase in kilowatt hours of electricity sold to the residential sector. See Item 5A. “Operating Results.”

Our revenues are closely tied to demand for electricity in Korea. Demand for electricity in Korea increased at a compounded average growth rate (“CAGR”) of 4.9%4.3% per annum from 20082009 to 2012,2013, compared to the real gross domestic product, or GDP, which increased at a CAGRcompounded average growth rate of 2.9%3.2% during the same period, according to Thethe Bank of Korea. The GDP growth rate was 2.0% for 2012 as compared to 3.6% for 2011. Demand3.0% during 2013 while demand for electricity in Korea increased by 2.5% from 2011 to 2012.1.8% during 2013.

Strategy

In September 2011,October 2013, we announced our new corporate strategy titled “Global Top Green & Smart Energy Pioneer KEPCO”.Pioneer.” Under this strategy, we seek to become a leading global energy enterprise through enhanced global competitiveness (for example, by selectively expanding our overseas investments) and strengthening our contribution to the global environmental campaigns through continued development of “green” and “smart” power-related technologies. We also aim to adapt to the growing uncertainties in global economy by selectively pursuing new business opportunities and through development of innovative technologies. More specifically,In addition, we aimare in the process of integrating a “creating shared value” platform to achieveour business model and operating strategy so as to enhance our social contributions as well as financial profitability in the following:form of creating new business opportunities while promoting energy welfare for our consumers.

allocation and usemore intelligent, creating customer-oriented marketing solutions, hiring outside agencies to assist with site selection for our facilities and improving the compensation system in relation to our facilities. We also aim to strengthen our marketing capabilities in anticipation of electricity by consumers, a superconducting technology thatincreasing competition, as well as bolster programs designed to encourage efficient energy use. We believe these measures will improve efficiencybe instrumental to reinforcing our dominance in the transmission ofKorean electricity over such network and localized “high-voltage direct current” technology that will reduce electricity loss over the course of transmission and distribution.

Recent Developments

Increase in Electricity Tariff Rates

Effective August 6, 2012,November 21, 2013, the Government increased the electricity rates that we charge to the end-users by an average of 4.9%5.4% as further set forth in the following table:

Effective January 14, 2013, the Government further increased the electricity rates that we charge to the end-users by an average of 4.0% as further set forth in the following table:

We cannot assure you that such tariff increaseincreases will be sufficient to fully offset the adverse impact on our results of operations from the current or future movements in fuel costs.

Correction of Accounting for Fuel Cost Pass-through AdjustmentProposed Second Basic National Energy Plan

As of July 1, 2011, a new electricity tariff system approved by the Government took effect featuring a fuel cost pass-through adjustment (“FCPTA”). This system was intended to allow us to pass through fluctuations in fuel costs ultimately to the customers. The FCPTA amount is determined based on a prior three-months moving average of international fuel prices and other factors, which is reflected two months later. On July 29, 2011, out of inflationary and other policy considerations, the Government issued a hold-order suspending us from billing or collecting the FCPTA amount from customers.

Our accounting policy was to recognize unbilled fuel cost adjustments as assets under the IFRS Conceptual Framework when we concluded that it is probable that future economic benefits would flow to us. We had concluded that we controlled a resource as a result of past events from which future economic benefits were expected to flow to us. The Regulation for Electricity Service, which regulates the FCPTA system, provides a legal “resource” or right to bill where the costs we incur will result in future cash flows. The operation of the FCPTA system creates a right to charge rates in amounts that would permit us to recover the related costs, such amounts being subject to government approval. In addition, we relied on the authority ofJanuary 13, 2014, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy adopted the Second Basic National Energy Plan following consultations with representatives from civic groups, the power industry and academia. The Second Basic National Energy Plan, which regulatesis a comprehensive plan that covers the entire spectrum of energy industries in Korea, will cover the period from 2013 to 2035 (compared to 2008 to 2030 under the First Basic National Energy Plan) and approves the electricity tariff we charge to our customers, including the FCPTA system. As of December 31, 2011, we determined that it was probable that economic benefits associated with the unbilled fuel cost adjustments would be realizable basedfocuses on the authorityfollowing six key tasks: (i) shifting the focus of energy policy to demand management with a goal of reducing electricity demand by 15% by 2035, (ii) establishing a geographically decentralized electricity generation system so as to reduce transmission losses with a goal of

supplying at least 15% of total electricity through such system by 2035, (iii) applying latest greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies to newly constructed generation units in order to further promote safety and environmental friendliness, (iv) strengthening exploration and procurement capabilities to enhance Korea’s energy security and to ensure stable supply of energy and increasing the Ministryportion of Trade, Industryelectricity supplied from renewable sources to 11% by 2035, (v) reinforcing the system for stable supply of conventional energy, such as oil and Energygas, and (vi) introducing in setting and enforcing electricity rates for customers. Therefore, we concluded that as2015 an energy voucher system in lieu of December 31, 2011 it was probable that our unbilled FCPTA amount would be collected.

We previously recognized revenue and a receivabletariff discount system for the FCPTA amounts subject to the hold orderbenefit of consumers in the amountlow income group. In addition, the Second Basic National Energy Plan contemplates revising the target level of Won 357,085 million at December 31, 2011. However, we cameelectricity generated by nuclear sources as a percentage of total electricity generated to realize that our FCPTA rate regulatory scheme closely resembles a cost-of service scheme, and have therefore determined that29%, compared to 41% under the appropriate accounting for the unbilled FCPTA amounts is to reduce cost of sales by the unbilled FCPTA amounts and recognize a related non-financial asset by the same amount, which is more consistent with accounting policies for rate regulated assets of other standard setting bodies. In accordance with IAS 8,Accounting Policies, ChangesFirst Basic National Energy Plan announced in Accounting Estimates and Errors, we used judgment in developing and applying an accounting policy that results in information that is relevant and reliable. In making that judgment, management considered pronouncements of other standard-setting bodies that use a similar conceptual framework to develop accounting standards, other accounting literature and accepted industry practices. We have concluded that the aforementioned error is immaterial, and corrected the accounting for our unbilled FCPTA amounts in our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011 included in Item 18. “Financial Statements.”

During the fourth quarter of 2012, we had further consultations with the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy as to the outlook for the lifting the hold-order. Furthermore, on January 11, 2013, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy informed us that the FCPTA system needed to be reassessed in light of the current circumstances such as the prolonged unbilled period since the announcement of the FCPTA system. We have therefore concluded that, in consideration of the prolonged unbilled period and recent consultations with, and information from, the Ministry, we would not be able to bill and collect the unbilled FCPTA amounts for the foreseeable future. As a result, we wrote off the entire unbilled FCPTA amounts of Won 1,877 billion recognized through December 31, 2012, including the unbilled FCPTA amounts as of December 31, 2011. As a result, there were no FCPTA amounts remaining in the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2012.

Furthermore, we will cease recording a regulatory asset prospectively related to the FCPTA amounts unless and until the likelihood of recovery once again satisfies the probable threshold contained in the IFRS Conceptual Framework or enacted IFRS at such time.

See Item 4B. “Business Overview—Recent Developments— Correction of Accounting for Fuel Cost Pass-through Adjustment”, Item 4B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates”, Item 4B. “—Recent Developments— Correction of Accounting for Fuel Cost Pass-through Adjustment,” Item 5B. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Overview,” Item 5B. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Critical Accounting Policy—Correction of Accounting for Fuel Cost Pass-through Adjustment” and Notes 2, 15 and 36 to the notes to our consolidated annual financial statements.2008.

PermittedAdditional Entry of Private Enterprises in the Coal-Fired Power Generation Business

While preparing forIn connection with the sixthSixth Basic Plan which was announced in February 2013, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy accepted additional applications from private independent power producers in addition to those from our generation subsidiaries, for construction of additional coal-fired power plants. Previously,The Fifth Basic Plan announced in December 2010 included for the first time a plan for independent power producers to own and operate coal-fired power plants, namely two such generation units with aggregate capacity of 2,000 megawatts for completion in 2016. Prior to December 2010, private enterprises werehad not been permitted to own and operate coal-fired power plants in Korea. Out of such applications byFor the Sixth Basic Plan, 15 independent power producers applied for construction of a total of 40 additional coal-fired generation units with aggregate

generation capacity of 37,100 megawatts, of which the Government approved applications for the construction of six generation units with aggregate generation capacity of 6,000 megawatts as well asmegawatts. The Government also approved applications from independent power producers for construction of two additional generation units with aggregate generation capacity of 2,000 megawatts to provideprepare for the contingency of failed or delayed construction of these sixthe foregoing generation units. Construction for the six generation units is scheduled to be completed between 2018 and 2021.

Coal Consumption Tax

On January 1, 2014, largely based on policy considerations of tax equity among different fuel types as well as environmental concerns, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance announced that, effective July 1, 2014, consumption tax will apply to bituminous coal, which previously was not subject to consumption tax unlike other fuel types such as LNG or bunker oil. The base tax rate (which is subject to certain adjustments) will be Won 24 per kilogram for bituminous coal; however, due to concerns on the potential adverse effect on industrial activities, the applicable tax rate will be Won 19 per kilogram for bituminous coal with net heat generation of 5,000 kilo calories or more per kilogram, and Won 17 per kilogram for bituminous coal with net heat generation of less than 5,000 kilo calories per kilogram. In contrast, the applicable tax rate for LNG will be reduced from Won 60 per kilogram to Won 42 per kilogram. Since bituminous coal currently represents the largest fuel type for electricity generation, accounting for approximately 43.0% of our entire fuel requirements in 2013 in terms of electricity output, we expect the newly adopted consumption tax thereon will result in an increase of our overall fuel costs, notwithstanding the decrease in the consumption tax rate for LNG, which accounted for approximately 19.7% of our entire fuel requirements in 2013 in terms of electricity output. While we expect that such additional fuel costs will be covered by a corresponding increase in electricity tariff, there is no assurance that the Government will in fact raise electricity tariff to a level sufficient to fully cover such additional costs in a timely manner or at all, and if the Government does not do so, the increase in our overall fuel costs arising from the newly adopted coal consumption tax will adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition.

Recent Incidents Involving Certain of Our Nuclear Generation Units

In May 2013, the NSSC announced that it remainsdiscovered certain control cables used in three of our then-operating nuclear generation units, Shin-Kori #1 and #2, Shin-Wolsung #1, and three units under construction, Shin-Kori #3 and #4 and Shin-Wolsung #2, had been supplied based on forged testing results. These parts were custom-made and have critical functions in the case of emergency for activating certain safety signals. The forgery was made by a testing facility in charge of performance evaluation of the parts before delivery.

Upon such discovery, KHNP immediately began internal investigation of related certification documents and reported to be seen whetherthe Prosecutor’s Office all testing facilities and suppliers suspected of forgery for further investigation. Currently, the NSSC, with the full cooperation of KHNP, is conducting a full scale investigation into the appropriateness of all testing results at all of our nuclear generation units. In addition, the Prosecutor’s Office has been conducting extensive investigation on all parties suspected of having been involved in the forgery and has brought several criminal and civil charges, including against several of KHNP’s former and current officers and employees. In addition, one of KHNP’s former CEOs and several former and current officers and employees of KHNP were arrested on separate bribery charges brought by the Prosecutor’s Office as part of a wider investigation into the nuclear power industry in general, and in June 2013, KHNP’s then CEO was dismissed by the Government for failure of oversight. KHNP has been fully cooperating with the authorities on these investigations and have promptly taken all appropriate disciplinary actions against KHNP’s employees allegedly involved in such incidents. KHNP has also immediately suspended all existing relationships with all of the entities alleged to have participated in any related illegal or improper activities. KHNP as an entity has not been subject to any criminal charges or sanctions. The investigations by the NSSC and the Prosecutor’s Office are still ongoing.

Immediately following the discovery of the forgery incident, Shin-Kori #1 and #2 and Shin-Wolsung #1 were shut down in May 2013 for further safety inspections. Shin-Kori #3 and #4 and Shin-Wolsung #2, where such parts were also used, currently remain under construction. Shin-Kori #1 and #2 and Shin-Wolsung #1 resumed operations in January 2014 following parts replacement and the NSSC approval. While we expect that the construction of the other units will proceed as originally planned, we cannot assure you that any or all of these units will complete construction as currently scheduled. As a result of the shutdown, we incurred additional operating expenses, including as a result of having had to purchase electricity generated from more expensive fuel sources while the aforementioned nuclear plants were suspended from operation.

In response to the recent scandals, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy has announced a number of measures to enhance the integrity, transparency and overall quality of the procurement, testing and verification processes with respect to parts used at our nuclear generation units, will be completedincluding: (i) encouraging open hiring (including outside experts) to reduce the chances of collusion, (ii) establishing a Government-supervised independent testing verification agency for nuclear generation parts, (iii) requiring KHNP to obtain testing results directly from testing facilities instead of indirectly from suppliers as scheduled, if ithas been the existing practice, (iv) increasing criminal and civil penalties for wrongdoings related to quality certifications, and (v) enhancing transparency in KHNP’s procurement process. We are actively and promptly implementing these measures. In addition, KHNP has filed a lawsuit seeking compensation for damages against the supplier and testing facility that were to be completed as scheduled or independent power producers are permitted to build additional generation capacity (whether coal-fired or not), our market share in Korea may decrease, whichresponsible for the forgery.

These incidents have had a material adverse effect, and may have a further material adverse effect, on our reputation, business, results of operation, financial condition as well as the general acceptance of nuclear power, especially if, as a result of these incidents or otherwise, there are findings of other criminal or other illegal or improper activities or if there are additional shutdowns that lead to greater social and political concerns over nuclear safety to the effect of impeding with our normal operation of nuclear generation units. See Item 3D. “Risk Factors—Recent findings of falsified testing results and bribery and the subsequent prolonged shutdowns of certain of our nuclear generation units may adversely hurt our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.”

Implementation of the Advanced Metering InfrastructureCoal-Fired Power Plant Project in Vietnam

In July 2012,On March 19, 2013, a consortium consisting of us and Marubeni, a Japanese corporation, was selected by the Government implementedMinistry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam for the construction and operation of a master plan to build out a smart grid,1,200 megawatt coal-fired power plant in Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam. Construction will begin in December 2014 with target completion

by December 2018, after which includes the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (“AMI”) road map. In accordance with such plan, we will install “smart meters” and related communication networks and operating systemsoperate the plant for 22 million households as part25 years. We have entered into a power purchase agreement with Electricity of the “smart grid” initiative in an effort to enhance efficiency in the power electricity industry and alleviate growing energy shortage concerns. Smart meters refer to digital meters that record, on a real-time basis, electricity consumption within a household and the effective tariff rate at the time of electricity usage so that consumers will have a price-based incentive to enhance efficiency in their electricity usage. On the other hand, the smart grid refers to the next-generation network for electricity distribution that integrates information technology into the existing power grid with the aim of enabling two-way real time exchange of information between electricity suppliers and consumers for optimal efficiency in electricity use. The smart gridVietnam (EVN). Total project is scheduled to be completed in 2030, and the AMI project is currently scheduled to be completed in 2020. We expect that the smart grid initiative would significantly increase efficient energy consumption by providing real-time data to customers which would in turn help to reduce greenhouse gas emission and decrease Korea’s reliance on foreign energy sources. As of December 31, 2012, we have installed 3.8 million smart meter units, and plan to install an additional 3.2 million units in 2013. The AMI projectcost is expected to be US$2.3 billion, of which 25% will be funded by capital contribution and the remaining 75% by debt financing. The share capital of the special purpose entity that will be in charge of this project will be US$ 575 million, and KEPCO and Marubeni will each hold a 50% equity interest in such entity.

Electricity Storage System and Smart Grid Initiatives

We have recently been actively participating in the Government’s initiative for wider distribution and use of electricity storage systems (“ESS”). An ESS is a facility that stores electricity generated during times of low demand and transmits such electricity during times of high demand. Since our generation units currently set aside part of their capacity for frequency adjustment, replacing such parts with ESSs is expected to result in significant fuel cost an additionalsavings and efficiency enhancement for the generation process. We plan to establish and operate ESSs with total capacity of 50 megawatts in 2014 and gradually increase the capacity to 500 megawatts by 2017, which we believe will result in fuel cost savings of approximately Won 1.7 trillion by 2020.300 billion per year.

We are also involved in a number of smart-grid related initiatives. For example, we are participating in the Government’s Smart Grid Expansion Business along with 47 other corporations and agencies. This initiative involves setting out a realistic business model for commercialization of smart grid technologies for general use and distribution. The consortium is currently working on the details of such model. In addition, after completing the experimentation stage at one of our office buildings, we plan to roll out “smart grid stations,” which include facilities that integrate renewable energy production, electricity storage, advanced metering and/or building automation, to our office buildings in 210 locations nationwide. We are also in the process of developing micro-grids, for which the experimentation stage was completed, as replacement for long-distance transmission grids. Furthermore, we are also upgrading our current facility management programs and office software to comprehensively integrate smart grid and advanced metering operating systems.

Government Ownership and Our Interactions with the Government

The KEPCO Act requires that the Government own at least 51.0%51% of our capital stock. Direct or indirect ownership of more than 50.0%50% of our outstanding common stock enables the Government to control the approval of certain corporate matters which require a shareholders’ resolution, including approval of dividends. The rights of the Government and Korea Finance Corporation as holders of our common stock are exercised by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy in consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance. TheWe are currently not aware of any plans of the Government currently has no plan to cease to own, directly or indirectly, at least 51.0%51% of our outstanding common stock.

We play an important role in the implementation of the Government’s national energy policy, which is established in consultation with us, among other parties. As an entity formed to serve public policy goals of the Government, we seek to maintain a fair level of profitability and strengthen our capital base in order to support the growth of our business in the long term.

The Government, through its various policy initiatives for the Korean energy industry as well as direct and indirect supervision of us and our industry, plays an important role in our business and operations. Most importantly, the electricity tariff rates we charge to our customers are regulated by the Government taking into account, among others, our needs to recover the costs of operations, make capital investments and providerecoup a fair return to our security holders,on capital invested by us, as well as the Government’s overall policy considerations, such as inflation. See Item 4B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates.”

In addition, pursuant to the Basic Plan determined by the Government, we and our generation subsidiaries have made, and plan to make, substantial expenditures for the construction of generation plants and other facilities to meet increased demand for electric power. See Item 5B. “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Requirements.”

Restructuring of the Electric Power Industry in Korea

On January 21, 1999, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy published the Restructuring Plan. The overall objectives of the Restructuring Plan consisted of: (i) introducing competition and thereby increasing efficiency in the Korean electric power industry, (ii) ensuring a long-term, inexpensive and stable electricity supply, and (iii) promoting consumer convenience through the expansion of consumer choice.

The following provides further details relating to the Restructuring Plan.

Phase I

During Phase I, which served as a preparatory stage for Phase II and lasted from the announcement of the Restructuring Plan in January 1999 until April 2001, we undertook steps to split our generation business units off into one wholly-owned nuclear generation subsidiary (namely, KHNP) and five non-nuclear wholly-owned thermal generation subsidiaries (namely, KOSEP, KOMIPO, KOSEP, KOWEPO, KOSPO and EWP), each with its own management structure, assets and liabilities. These steps were completed upon the approval of the split-off at our shareholders’ meeting in April 2001.

The Government’s principal objectives in the split-off of the generation units into separate subsidiaries were to: (i) introduce competition and thereby increase efficiency in the electricity generation industry in Korea, and (ii) ensure a stable supply of electricity in Korea.

Following the implementation of Phase I, we retained, until the adoption of the Community Energy System in July 2004 as further discussed in “—Transmission and Distribution” below, ourhave substantial monopoly position with respect to the transmission and distribution of electricity in Korea.

While our ownership percentage of the non-nuclear and non-hydroelectricthermal generation subsidiaries will depend on the further adjustments to the Restructuring Plan to be adopted by the Government, we plan to retain 100.0%100% ownership of both KHNP and our transmission and distribution business.

Phase II

At the outset of Phase II in April 2001, the Government introduced a cost-based competitive bidding pool system under which we purchase power from our generation subsidiaries and other independent power producers for transmission and distribution to customers. For a further description of this system, see “—Purchase of Electricity—Cost-based Pool System” below.

In order to support the logistics of the cost-based pool system, the Government established the Korea Power Exchange in April 2001 pursuant to the Electricity Business Law. The primary function of the Korea Power Exchange is to deal with the sale of electricity and implement regulations governing the electricity market to allow for electricity distribution through a competitive bidding process. The Government also established the Korea Electricity Commission in April 2001 to regulate the Korean electric power industry and ensure fair competition among industry participants. To facilitate this goal, the Korea Power Exchange established the Electricity Market Rules relating to the operation of the bidding pool system. To amend the Electricity Market Rules, the Korea Power Exchange must have the proposed amendment reviewed by the Korea Electricity Commission and then obtain the approval of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy.

The Korea Electricity Commission’s main functions include implementation of standards and measures necessary for electricity market operation and review of matters relating to licensing participants in the Korean electric power industry. The Korea Electricity Commission also acts as an arbitrator in tariff-related disputes among participants in the Korean electric power industry and investigates illegal or deceptive activities of the industry participants.

Privatization of Non-nuclearThermal Generation Subsidiaries

In April 2002, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy released the basic privatization plan for five of our generation subsidiaries other than KHNP. Pursuant to this plan, we commenced the process of selling our equity interest in KOSEP in 2002. According to the original plan, this process was, in principle, to take the form of a sale of management control, potentially supplemented by an initial public offering as a way of broadening the investor base. In November 2003, KOSEP submitted its application to the Korea Exchange for a preliminary screening review, which was approved in December 2003. However, in June 2004, KOSEP made a request to the Korea Exchange to delay its stock listing due to unfavorable stock market conditions at that time. We may resume the stock listing process for KOSEP in due course, after taking into consideration the overall stock market conditions and other pertinent matters. The aggregate foreign ownership of our generation subsidiaries is limited to 30.0%30% of total power generation capacity in Korea. In consultation with us, the Government will determine the size of the ownership interest to be sold and the timing of such sale, with a view to encouraging competition and assuring adequate electricity supply and debt service capability.

We believe the Government currently has no specific plans to resume the public offering of KOSEP or commence the same for any of our other generation subsidiaries in the near future. However, we cannot assure that our generation subsidiaries will not become part of Government-led privatization initiatives in the future for reasons relating to a change in Government policy, economic and market conditions and/or other factors.

Suspension of the Plan to Form and Privatize Distribution Subsidiaries

In 2003, the Government established a Tripartite Commission consisting of representatives of the Government, leading businesses and labor unions in Korea to deliberate on ways to introduce competition in electricity distribution, such as by forming and privatizing new distribution subsidiaries. In 2004, the Tripartite Commission recommended not pursuing such privatization initiatives but instead creating independent business divisions within us to improve operational efficiency through internal competition. Following the adoption of such recommendation by the Government in 2004 and further studies by Korea Development Institute, in 2006 we created nine “strategic business units” (which, together with our other business units, were subsequently restructured into 14 such units in February 2012) that camehave a greater degree of autonomy with respect to have separate management, structures (although with limits on its autonomy), financial accounting systems and performance evaluation systems, but withwhile having a common focus on maximizingincreasing profitability.

Initiatives to Improve the Structure of Electricity Generation

OnIn August 25, 2010, based on deliberations with various interested parties, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced the Proposal for the Improvement in the Structure of the Electric Power Industry, whose key initiatives include the following: (i) maintain the current structure of having six generation subsidiaries, (ii) designate the six generation subsidiaries as “market-oriented public enterprises” under the Public Agency Management Act in order to foster competition among them and autonomous and responsible management by them, (iii) create a supervisory unit to act as a “control tower” in reducing inefficiencies created by arbitrary division of labor among the six generation subsidiaries and fostering economies of scale among them and require the presidents of the generation subsidiaries to hold regular meetings, (iv) create a nuclear power export business unit to systematically enhance our capabilities to win projects involving the construction and operation of nuclear power plants overseas, (v) further rationalize the electricity tariff by adopting a fuel-cost based tariff system in 2011 and a voltage-based tariff system in a subsequent year, and (vi) create separate accounting systems for electricity generation, transmission, distribution and sales with the aim of introducing competition in electricity sales in the intermediate future.

Pursuant to this Proposal, in December 2010 the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced guidelines for a cooperative framework between us and our generation subsidiaries, and in January 2011 the five non-nuclearthermal generation subsidiaries formed a “joint cooperation unit” and transferred their pumped-storage hydroelectric

hydroelectric business units to KHNP. Furthermore, in January 2011 the six generation subsidiaries were officially designated as “market-oriented public enterprises,” whereupon the President of Korea appointappoints the president and the statutory auditor of each such subsidiary; the selection of outside directors of each such subsidiary is subject to approval by the minister of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance; the president of each such subsidiary is required to enter into a management contract directly with the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy; and the Public Enterprise Management Evaluation Commission conducts performance evaluation of such subsidiaries. Previously, our president appointed the president and the statutory auditor of each such subsidiary; the selection of outside directors of each such subsidiary was subject to approval by our president; the president of each such subsidiary entered into a management contract with our president; and our evaluation committee conducted performance evaluation of such subsidiaries.

Purchase of Electricity

Cost-based Pool System

Since April 2001, the purchase and sale of electricity in Korea is required to be made through the Korea Power Exchange, which is a statutory not-for-profit organization established under the Electricity Business Act with responsibilities for setting the price of electricity, handling the trading and collecting relevant data for the electricity market in Korea. The suppliers of electricity in Korea consist of our six generation subsidiaries, which were spun off from us in April 2001, and independent power producers, which numbered 439 10 (excluding renewable energy producers)as of December 31, 2012.2013. We distribute electricity purchased through the Korea Power Exchange to the end users.

Our Relationship with the Korea Power Exchange

We have certainThe key features of our relationships with the Korea Power Exchange as follows:include the following: (i) we and our six generation subsidiaries are member corporations of the Korea Power Exchange and collectively own 100.0%100% of its share capital, (ii) three of the 10 members of the board of directors of the Korea Power Exchange are currently our or our subsidiaries’ employees, and (iii) one of our employees is currently a member in three of the key committees of the Korea Power Exchange that are responsible for evaluating the costs of producing electricity, making rules for the Korea Power Exchange and gathering and disclosing information relating to the Korean electricity market.

Notwithstanding the foregoing relationships, however, we do not have control over the Korea Power Exchange or its policies since, among others, (i) the Korea Power Exchange, its personnel, policies, operations and finances are closely supervised and controlled by the Government, namely through the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, and are subject to a host of laws and regulations, including, among others, the Electricity Business Act and the Public Agencies Management Act, as well as the Articles of Incorporation of the Korea Power Exchange, (ii) we are entitled to elect no more than one-third of the Korea Power Exchange directors and our representatives represent only a minority of its board of directors and committees (with the other members being comprised of representatives of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, employees of the Korea Power Exchange, businesspersons and/or scholars), and (iii) the role of our representatives in the policy making process for the Korea Power Exchange is primarily advisory based on their technical expertise derived from their employment at us or our generation subsidiaries. Consistent with this view, the Finance Supervisory Service issued a ruling on April 12,in 2005 that stated that we are not deemed to have significant influence or control over the decision-making process of the Korea Power Exchange relating to its business or financial affairs.

Pricing Factors

The price of electricity in the Korean electricity market is determined principally based on the cost of generating electricity using a system known as the “cost-based pool” system. Under the cost-based pool system, the price of electricity has two principal components, namely the marginal price (representing in principle the variable cost of generating electricity) and the capacity price (representing in principle the fixed cost of generating electricity).

Under the merit order system, the electricity purchase allocation, the system marginal price (as described below) and the final allocation adjustment are automatically determined based on an objective formula. The variable cost (including the adjusted coefficient as described below) and the capacity price are determined in advance of trading by the Cost Evaluation Committee. Accordingly, a supplier of electricity cannot exercise control over the merit order system or its operations to such supplier’s strategic advantage.

Marginal Price

The primary purpose of the marginal price is to compensate the generation companies for fuel costs, which represents the principal component of the variable costs of generating electricity. The concept ofWe currently refer such marginal price underas the cost-based pool system has undergone several changes in recent years in large part due to the sharp fluctuations in fuel prices.

Under the system“system marginal price regime adopted on May 1, 2008 and currently in effect, the marginal price of electricity at which our generation subsidiaries sell electricity to us is determined using the following formula:

Variable cost + [System marginal price – Variable cost] * Adjusted coefficientprice.”

The system marginal price represents, in effect, the marginal price of electricity at a given hour at which the projected demand for electricity and the projected supply of electricity for such hour intersect, as determined by the merit order system, which is a system used by the Korea Power Exchange to allocate which generation units will supply electricity for which hour and at what price. To elaborate, the projected demand for electricity for a given hour is determined by the Korea Power Exchange based on a forecast made one day prior to trading, and such forecast takes into account, among others, historical statistics relating to demand for electricity nationwide by day and by hour, seasonality and peak-houron-peak-hour versus non-peakoff-peak hour demand analysis. The projected supply of electricity at a given hour is determined as the aggregate of the available capacity of all generation units that have submitted bids to supply electricity for such hour. These bids are submitted to the Korea Power Exchange one day prior to trading.

Under the merit order system, the generation unit with the lowest variable cost of producing electricity among all the generation units that have submitted a bid for a given hour is first awarded a purchase order for electricity up to the available capacity of such unit as indicated in its bid. The generation unit with the next lowest variable cost is then awarded a purchase order up to its available capacity in its bid, and so forth, until the projected demand for electricity for such hour is met. We refer to the variable cost of the generation unit that is the last to receive the purchase order for such hour as the system marginal price, which also represents the highest price at which electricity can be supplied at a given hour based on the demand and supply for such hour. Generation units whose variable costs exceed the system marginal price for a given hour do not receive purchase orders to supply electricity for such hour. The variable cost of each generation unit is determined by the Cost Evaluation Committee (comprised of representatives from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Korea Power Exchange, generation companies, scholars and researchers as well as us) on a monthly basis and reflected in the following month based on the fuel costs as of two months prior to such determination. The purpose of the merit order system is to encourage generation units to reduce its electricity generation costs by making its generation process more efficient, sourcing fuels from most cost-effective sources or adopting other cost savings programs.

The final allocation of electricity supply however, is further adjusted on the basis of other factors, including the proximity of a generation unit to the geographical area to which power is being supplied, network and fuel constraints and the amount of power loss.

The purpose of the merit order system is to encourage generating units to reduce its electricity generation costs by making its generation process more efficient, sourcing fuels from most cost-effective sources or adopting other cost savings programs. The additional This adjustment mechanism is designed to adjust for transmission losses in order to improve the overall cost-efficiency in the distribution and transmission of electricity to end-users.

The price of electricity at which our generation subsidiaries sell electricity to us is determined using the end-users by adjusting for losses arising from the distribution and transmission process.following formula:

Under the merit order system, the electricity purchase allocation, the systemVariable cost + [System marginal price and the final allocation adjustment are automatically– Variable cost] * Adjusted coefficient

The adjusted coefficient is determined based on an objective formula.considerations of, among others, electricity tariff rates, the differential generation costs for different fuel types and the relative fair returns on investment in respect of us compared to our generation subsidiaries. The purpose of the adjusted coefficient is to prevent electricity trading from resulting in undue imbalances as to the capacity pricerelative financial results among generation subsidiaries as well as

between us (as the purchaser of electricity) and our generation subsidiaries (as sellers of electricity). Such imbalances may arise from excessive profit taking by base load generators (on account of their inherently cheaper fuel cost structure compared to non-base load generators) as well as from fluctuations in fuel prices (it being the variablecase that during times of rapid and substantial rises in fuel costs which are determinednot offset by corresponding rises in advance of tradingelectricity tariff rates charged by the Cost Evaluation Committee. Accordingly,us to end-users, on a supplier ofnon-consolidated basis our profitability will decline compared to that our generation subsidiaries since our generation subsidiaries are entitled to sell electricity cannot exercise control over the merit order system or its operations to such supplier’s strategic advantage.us at cost plus a guaranteed margin).

The adjusted coefficient applies in principle to all generation units that use the same type of fuel. However, the adjusted coefficient does not apply tofuel, except for independent power producers usingthat use LNG or oil as fuel. Independent power producers that use coal as fuel will be entitled to the adjusted coefficient upon commencement of commercial operation beginning from 2016. The adjusted

coefficient is currently set at the highest level for the marginal price of electricity generated using nuclear fuel, followed by coal, oil and LNG. The differentiated adjusted coefficients reflect the Government’s current energy policy objectives and have the effect of setting priorities in the fuel types to be used in electricity generation. The adjusted coefficient is determined by the Cost Evaluation Committee in principle on an annual basis, although in exceptional cases driven by external factors such as material developments in fuel costs and electricity tariff rates, the adjusted coefficient may be adjusted on a quarterly basis.

Capacity Price

In addition to payment in respect of the variable cost of generating electricity, generation units receive payment in the form of capacity price, the purpose of which is to compensate them for the costs of constructing generation facilities and to provide incentives for new construction. The capacity price is determined annually by the Cost Evaluation Committee based on the construction costs and maintenance costs of a standard generation unit and is paid to each generation company for the amount of available capacity indicated in the bids submitted the day before trading, subject to such capacity being actually available on the relevant day of trading. From time to time, the capacity price is adjusted in ways to soften the impact of changes in the marginal price over time based on the expected rate of return for our generational subsidiaries. Currently, the capacity price is Won 7.46/kWhkW-h and since January 1, 2012 hasis applied equally to all generation units, regardless of fuel types used.

Effective as of January 1, 2007, a regionally differentiated capacity price system was introduced by setting a standard capacity reserve margin in the range of 12.0% to 20.0% in order to prevent excessive capacity build-up as well as induce optimal capacity investment at the regional level. The capacity reserve margin is the ratio of peak demand to the total available capacity. Under this system, generation units in a region where available capacity is insufficient to meet demand for electricity as evidenced by a failure to meet the standard capacity reserve margin receive increased capacity price. Conversely, generation units in a region where available capacity exceeds demand for electricity as evidenced by satisfaction ofexceeding the standard capacity reserve margin receive reduced capacity price. Since 2006, the capacity price received by generation units has been subject to hourly and seasonal adjustments in order to incentivize our generation subsidiaries to operate their generation facilities at full capacity during periods of highest demand. For example, the capacity price paid differs depending on whether the relevant hour is a “peak”“on-peak” hour, a “shoulder-peak”“mid-peak” hour or an “off-peak” hourshour (it being highest for the peak houron-peak hours and lowest for the off-peak hour)hours) and the capacity price paid is highest during the months of January, July and August when electricity usage is highest due to weather conditions. TheOther than subject to the aforementioned variations, the same capacity pricing mechanism applies to all generation units regardless of fuel types used.

Following the suspension of the plan to form separate distribution subsidiaries through privatization (see “—Restructuring of the Electric Power Industry in Korea—Suspension of the Plan to Form and Privatize Distribution Subsidiaries”), there was a discussion of replacing the current cost-based pool system with a more market-oriented system known as a two-way bidding pool system. Under the two-way bidding pool system, a pool of generating companies on the supply side and a pool of retail distributors on the demand side would each make a bid based on which the electricity price will be determined, which would contrast with the current system where we have a virtual monopoly of the demand side as the purchaser and distributor of substantially all of electricity in Korea. However, we believe that due to the indefinite suspension of the restructuring plan, the two-way bidding pool system is unlikely to be adopted in the near future absent any unexpected change in government policy.

Power Trading Results

The results of power trading, as effected through the Korea Power Exchange, for our generation subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 20122013 are as follows:

Note:

Power Purchased from Independent Power Producers Under Power Purchase Agreements

In 2012,2013, we purchased an aggregate of 17,40016,892 gigawatt hours of electricity generated by independent power producers under existing power purchase agreements. These purchases were made outside of the cost-based pool system of power trading. These independent power producers had an aggregate generatinggeneration capacity of 4,6504,268 megawatts as of December 31, 2012.2013.

Power Generation

As of December 31, 2012,2013, we and our generation subsidiaries had a total of 563598 generation units, including nuclear, thermal, hydroelectric and internal combustion units, representing total installed generatinggeneration capacity of 68,84870,845 megawatts. Our thermal units produce electricity using steam turbine generators fired by coal, oil and LNG. Our internal combustion units use oil or diesel-fired gas turbines and our combined-cycle units are primarily LNG-fired. We also purchase power from several generation plants not owned by our generation subsidiaries.

The table below sets forth as of and for the year ended December 31, 20122013 the number of units, installed capacity and the average capacity factor for each type of generating facilities owned by our generation subsidiaries.

Notes:

The expected useful life of a unit, assuming no substantial renovation, is approximately as follows: nuclear, over 40 years; thermal, over 30 years, respectively;years; internal combustion, over 25 years; and hydroelectric, over 55 years. Substantial renovation can extend the useful life of thermal units by up to 20 years.

We seek to achieve efficient use of fuels and diversification of generatinggeneration capacity by fuel type. In the past, we relied principally upon oil-fired thermal generation units for electricity generation. Since the oil shock in 1974, however, Korea’s power development plans have emphasized the construction of nuclear generation units. While nuclear units are more expensive to construct than non-nuclearthermal generation units of comparable capacity, nuclear fuel is less expensive than fossil fuels in terms of electricity output per unit cost. However, efficient operation of nuclear units requires that such plants be run continuously at relatively constant energy output levels. As it is impractical to store large quantities of electrical energy, we seek to maintain nuclear power production capacity at approximately the level at which demand for electricity is continuously stable. During those times when actual demand exceeds the usual level of electricity supply from nuclear power, we rely on units fired by fossil fuels and hydroelectric units, which can be started and shut down more quickly and efficiently than nuclear units, to meet the excess demand. Bituminous coal is currently the least expensive thermal fuel per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced, and therefore we seek to maximize the use of bituminous coal for generation needs in excess of the stable demand level, except for meeting short-term surges in demand which require rapid start-up and shutdown. Thermal units fired by LNG, hydroelectric units and internal combustion units are the most efficient types of units for rapid start-ups and shutdowns, and therefore we use such units principally to meet short-term surges in demand. Anthracite coal is a less efficient fuel source than bituminous coal in terms of electricity output per unit cost.

Our generation subsidiaries have constructed and recommissioned thermal and internal combustion units in order to help meet power demand. Subject to market conditions, our generation subsidiaries plan to continue to

add additional thermal and internal combustion units. These units generally take less time to complete construction than nuclear units.

The high average age of our oil-fired thermal units is attributable to our reliance on oil-fired thermal units as the primary means of electricity generation until mid-1970s. Since then, we have diversified our fuel sources and constructed relatively few oil-fired thermal units compared to units of other fuel types.

The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the amount of electricity generated by facilities linked to our grid system and the amount of power used or lost in connection with transmission and distribution.