UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form20-F

(Mark One)

☐	REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐	SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number1-15006

LOGO

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

PetroChina Company Limited

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

The People’s Republic of China

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

9 Dongzhimen North Street

Dongcheng District, Beijing 100007

The People’s Republic of China,

(Address of principal executive offices)

Wu Enlai

Telephone number: 8610 59982622

Facsimile number: 8610 62099557

Email address: ~~zxy@petrochina.com.cn~~sunbo05@petrochina.com.cn

Address: 9 Dongzhimen North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100007, The People’s Republic of China

(Name, telephone,e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of registrant’s contact person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

American Depositary Shares, each representing 100

H Shares, par value RMB1.00 per ~~share~~share*

*H Shares, par value RMB1.00 per share

PTR

New York Stock Exchange, ~~Inc~~Inc.

~~.New~~New York Stock Exchange, Inc.**

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:


A Shares, par value RMB1.00 per share***		161,922,077,818⁽¹⁾
H Shares, par value RMB1.00 per share		21,098,900,000****

(1)	Includes ~~148,010,665,536~~146,882,339,136 A Shares held by CNPC and ~~13,911,412,282~~15,039,738,682 A Shares held by the public shareholders.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is awell-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

If this is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒

Note — Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, anon-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large Accelerated Filer ☒ AcceleratedFiler ☐ Non-Accelerated Filer ☐ Emerging Growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b))by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:


☐ U.S. GAAP		☒ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board		☐ Other

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☐ No ☐


*		PetroChina’s H Shares are listed and traded on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited.
**		Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depository Shares.
***		PetroChina’s A Shares became listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on November 5, 2007.
****		Includes ~~778,325,000 H~~709,929,100H Shares represented by American Depositary Shares.

Table of Contents


			Page
Certain Terms and Conventions				1
Forward-Looking Statements				5

		Part I

Item 1	—	Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors		7
Item 2	—	Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable		7
Item 3	—	Key Information		7
		Selected Financial Data		8
		Risk Factors		10
Item 4	—	Information on the Company		1719
		Introduction		1719
		Exploration and Production		21
		Refining and Chemicals		3130
		Marketing		3533
		Natural Gas and Pipeline		3835
		Competition		4037
		Environmental Matters		4138
		Properties ~~Plants and Equipment~~		4240
		Intellectual Property		4340
		Regulatory Matters		4441
Item 4 A	—	Unresolved Staff Comments		5149
Item 5	—	Operating and Financial Review and Prospects		5249
		General		5249
		Operating Results		5654
		Liquidity and Capital Resources		6563
		Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements		7067
		Long-Term Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments and Payment Obligations		7068
		Research and Development		7168
		Trend Information		7269
		Other Information		7472
Item 6	—	Directors, Senior Management and Employees		7473
		Directors, Senior Management and Supervisors		7473
		Compensation		84
		Board Practices		8584
		Employees		87
		Share Ownership		87
Item 7	—	Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions		8887
		Major Shareholders		8887
		Related Party Transactions		8988
		Interests of Experts and Counsel		9190
Item 8	—	Financial Information		91
		Financial Statements		91
		Legal Proceedings		91
		Dividend Policy		91
		Significant Changes		92
Item 9	—	The Offer and Listing		92
		Trading Market Information		92
Item 10	—	Additional Information		9392
		Memorandum and Articles of Association		9392
		Material Contracts		97
		Foreign Exchange Controls		98
		~~Taxation~~		9897


			Page
		Taxation		98
		Documents on Display		104
Item 11	—	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		104
Item 12	—	Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities		109

		Part II

Item 13	—	Defaults, Dividends Arrearages and Delinquencies		~~109~~110
Item 14	—	Material Modifications to the Rights to Security Holders and Use of Proceeds		110
Item 15	—	Controls and Procedures		110
Item 16 A	—	Audit Committee Financial Expert		112
Item 16 B	—	Code of Ethics		112
Item 16 C	—	Principal Accountant Fees and Services		112
Item 16 D	—	Exemptions from Listing Standards for Audit Committees		113
Item 16 E	—	Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers		113
Item 16 F	—	Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant		113
Item 16 G	—	Corporate Governance		113
Item 16 H	—	Mine Safety Disclosure		115

		Part III

Item 17	—	Financial Statements		115
Item 18	—	Financial Statements		115
Item 19	—	Exhibits		115

CERTAIN TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

Conventions Which Apply to this Annual Report

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this annual report to:

“CNPC” or “CNPC group” are to our parent, China National Petroleum Corporation and its affiliates and subsidiaries, excluding PetroChina, its subsidiaries and its interests inlong-term investments, and where the context refers to any time prior to the establishment of CNPC, those entities and businesses which were contributed to CNPC upon its establishment.

“PetroChina”, “we”, “our”, “our company”, “the Company” and “us” are to: PetroChina Company Limited, a joint stock company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China with limited liability and its subsidiaries and branch companies.

“PRC” or “China” are to the People’s Republic of China, but does not apply to its Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan for purposes of this annual report.

We publish our consolidated financial statements in Renminbi or RMB. In this annual report, IFRS refers to International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

Conversion Table


1barrel-of-oil equivalent	= 1 barrel of crude oil	= 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas

1 cubic meter	= 35.315 cubic feet

1 ton of crude oil	= 1 metric ton of crude oil	= 7.389 barrels of crude oil (assuming an API gravity of 34 degrees)

Certain Oil and Gas Terms

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the following terms have the meanings shown below:

“acreage”

The total area, expressed in acres, over which an entity has interests in exploration or production. Net acreage is the entity’s interest, expressed in acres, in the relevant exploration or production area.

“condensate”

Light hydrocarbon substances produced with natural gas that condense into liquid at normal temperatures and pressures associated with surface production equipment.

“crude oil”

Crude oil, including condensate and natural gas liquids.

“developed reserves”

Under the reserves rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, developed reserves are reserves of any category that can be expected to be recovered:

(i) through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and

(ii) through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well.

“development cost”

For a given period, costs incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing the oil and gas.

“finding cost”

For a given period, costs incurred in identifying areas that may warrant examination and in examining specific areas that are considered to have prospects of containing oil and gas reserves, including costs of drilling exploratory wells andexploratory-type test wells. Finding cost is also known as exploration cost.

“lifting cost”

For a given period, costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and related equipment and facilities, including applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities and other costs of operating and maintaining those wells and related equipment and facilities. Lifting cost is also known as production cost.

“natural gas liquids”

Hydrocarbons that can be extracted in liquid form during natural gas production. Ethane and pentanes are the predominant components, with other heavier hydrocarbons also present in limited quantities.

“offshore”

Areas under water with a depth of five meters or greater.

“onshore”

Areas of land and areas under water with a depth of less than five meters.

“primary distillation capacity”

At a given point in time, the maximum volume of crude oil a refinery is able to process in its basic distilling units.

“proved reserves”

Under the SEC reserves rules, proved reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible — from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations — prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.

(i) The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes:

(A) The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and (B) Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.

(ii) In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons (LKH) as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering, or

performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty.

(iii) Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.

(iv) Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when:

(A) Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and (B) The project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.

(v) Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of thefirst-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.

“~~reserve-to-production~~reserves-to-production ratio”

For any given well, field or country, the ratio of proved reserves to annual production of crude oil or, with respect to natural gas, to wellhead production excluding flared gas.

“sales gas”

Marketable production of gas on an “as sold” basis, excluding flared gas, injected gas and gas consumed in operations.

“undeveloped reserves”

Under the SEC reserves rules, undeveloped reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

(i) Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those directly offsetting development spacing areas that are reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable certainty of economic producibility at greater distances.

(ii) Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.

(iii) Under no circumstances shall estimates for undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual projects in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or by other evidence using reliable technology establishing reasonable certainty.

“water cut”

For a given oil region, the percentage that water constitutes of all fluids extracted from all wells in that region.

References to:

BOE is tobarrels-of-oil equivalent,

Mcf is to thousand cubic feet, and

Bcf is to billion cubic feet.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains“forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Theseforward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Theseforward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to:

the amounts and nature of future exploration, development and other capital expenditures;

future prices and demand for crude oil, natural gas, refined products and chemical products;

development projects;

exploration prospects;

reserves potential;

production of oil and gas and refined and chemical products;

development and drilling potential;

expansion and other development trends of the oil and gas industry;

the planned development of our natural gas operations;

the planned expansion of our refined product marketing network;

the planned expansion of our natural gas infrastructure;

the anticipated benefit from the acquisition of certain overseas assets from CNPC, our parent company;

the plan to continue to pursue attractive business opportunities outside China;

our future overall business development and economic performance;

our anticipated financial and operating information regarding, and the future development and economic performance of, our business;

our anticipated market risk exposure arising from future changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices; and

other prospects of our business and operations.

The words “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “plan”, “seek”, “will” and “would” and similar expressions, as they related to us, are intended to identify a number of theseforward-looking statements.

By their nature,forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will occur in the future and are beyond our control. Theforward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are not a guarantee of future performance. Actual results may differ materially from information contained in theforward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including, without limitation, the risk factors set forth in this annual report and the following:

fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas prices;

effects of the recentCOVID-19 pandemic;

failure to achieve continued exploration success;

failures or delays in achieving production from development projects;

continued availability of capital and financing;

acquisitions and other business opportunities that we may pursue;

general economic, market and business conditions, including volatility in interest rates, changes in foreign exchange rates and volatility in commodity markets;

liability for remedial actions under environmental regulations;

the actions of competitors;

wars and acts of terrorism or sabotage;

changes in policies, laws or regulations of the PRC, including changes in applicable tax ~~rates;~~rates and oil and gas pipeline network reforms;

the other changes in global economic and political conditions affecting the production, supply and demand and pricing of crude oil, refined products, petrochemical products and natural gas; and

the other risk factors discussed in this annual report, and other factors beyond our control.

You should not place undue reliance on anyforward-looking statements.

PART I

~~PART I~~

Item 1— IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS

Not applicable. However, see “Item 6 — Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Directors, Senior Management and Supervisors” and “Item 16C — Principal Accountant Fees and Services”.

Item 2— OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

Item 3— KEY INFORMATION

Selected Financial Data

Historical Financial Information

You should read the selected historical financial data set forth below in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes and “Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” included elsewhere in this annual report. The selected consolidated statement of comprehensive income (except for ADS data) and cash flow data for the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 and the selected consolidated statement of financial position data as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018~~2019 set forth below are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. The selected consolidated statement of comprehensive income data (except for ADS data) and cash flow data for the years ended December 31, ~~2014~~2015 and ~~2015~~2016 and the selected consolidated statement of financial position data as of December 31, ~~2014,~~ 2015, 2016 and ~~2016~~2017 set forth below are derived from our audited financial statements not included in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. The financial information included in this section may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows in the future.


	As of or for the Year Ended December 31,															As of or for the Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2015			2016			2017			2018			2015⁽⁴⁾			2016⁽⁴⁾			2017⁽⁴⁾			2018⁽⁴⁾			2019
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
	(In millions, except for per share, per ADS data and percentages)															(In millions, except for per share, per ADS data and percentages)
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income Data
Revenue		2,282,962			1,725,428			1,616,903			2,015,890			2,353,588			1,736,663			1,627,588			2,032,298			2,374,934			2,516,810
Total operating expenses		(2,113,129	)		(1,646,176	)		(1,556,268	)		(1,948,168	)		(2,232,591	)		(1,657,733	)		(1,564,926	)		(1,961,462	)		(2,251,992	)		(2,395,048	)
Profit from operations		169,833			79,252			60,635			67,722			120,997			78,930			62,662			70,836			122,942			121,762
Profit before income tax expense		156,759			57,815			45,140			53,089			115,206			56,815			46,574			55,691			116,770			103,214
Income tax expense		(37,731	)		(15,726	)		(15,768	)		(16,296	)		(42,790	)		(15,726	)		(15,919	)		(16,296	)		(42,790	)		(36,199	)
Profit for the year		119,028			42,089			29,372			36,793			72,416			41,089			30,655			39,395			73,980			67,015
Attributable to:
Owners of the Company		107,172			35,517			7,857			22,798			52,591			35,234			8,222			23,537			53,036			45,682
Non-controlling interests		11,856			6,572			21,515			13,995			19,825			5,855			22,433			15,858			20,944			21,333
Basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to owners of the Company⁽¹⁾		0.59			0.19			0.04			0.12			0.29			0.19			0.04			0.13			0.29			0.25
Basic and diluted net earnings per ADS⁽²⁾		58.56			19. 41			4.29			12.46			28.73			19.25			4.49			12.86			28.98			24.96
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position Data
Total current assets		391,308			349,344			381,665			425,162			433,128			353,560			385,199			430,294			438,241			466,913
Totalnon-current assets		2,014,165			2,044,500			2,014,986			1,979,450			1,999,138			2,048,512			2,019,003			1,983,205			2,002,636			2,265,997
Total assets		2,405,473			2,393,844			2,396,651			2,404,612			2,432,266			2,402,072			2,404,202			2,413,499			2,440,877			2,732,910
Total current liabilities		579,829			471,407			499,263			576,667			586,386			479,653			507,530			588,551			596,430			661,419
Totalnon-current liabilities		507,863			578,403			524,653			446,626			435,222			585,403			529,870			446,960			435,556			627,186
Total liabilities		1,087,692			1,049,810			1,023,916			1,023,293			1,021,608			1,065,056			1,037,400			1,035,511			1,031,986			1,288,605
Equity attributable to owners of the Company		1,175,894			1,179,716			1,189,024			1,193,520			1,214,286			1,177,721			1,187,337			1,192,572			1,213,783			1,230,156
Non-controlling interests		141,887			164,318			183,711			187,799			196,372			159,295			179,465			185,416			195,108			214,149
Total equity		1,317,781			1,344,034			1,372,735			1,381,319			1,410,658			1,337,016			1,366,802			1,377,988			1,408,891			1,444,305
Other Financial Data
Dividend declared and proposed per share		0.26			0.09			0.06			0.13			0.18			0.09			0.06			0.13			0.18			0.14
Dividend declared and proposed per ADS		26.35			8.73			5.93			13.00			17.88			8.73			5.93			13.00			17.88			14.37
Capital expenditures		291,729			202,238			172,386			216,227			255,974			203,302			172,961			219,346			256,106			296,776
Return on net assets (%)⁽³⁾		9.1			3.0			0.7			1.9			4.3			3.0			0.7			2.0			4.4			3.7
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow Data
Net cash flows from operating activities		356,477			261,312			265,179			366,655			351,565			261,855			268,897			368,729			353,256			359,610
Net cash flows used for investing activities		(290,838	)		(215,879	)		(175,887	)		(243,546	)		(267,732	)		(217,112	)		(176,310	)		(243,790	)		(267,812	)		(332,948	)
Net cash flows used for financing activities		(44,312	)		(45,439	)		(67,007	)		(94,725	)		(123,515	)		(44,673	)		(70,454	)		(96,746	)		(125,703	)		(27,276	)

(1)

~~As of~~For the years ended December 31, ~~2014,~~ 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively, basic and diluted earnings per share were calculated by dividing the profit attributable to owners of the Company by 183,021 million, the total number of shares outstanding in each of these financial years.

(2)	Each ADS represents 100 H Shares. The basic and diluted earnings per ADS were calculated with the same method as that used for the calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share.

(3)	Return on net assets is calculated as “Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company” divided by “Equity attributable to owners of the Company”.

(4)

(a) The comparative data in the table was restated as if Dalian West Pacific Petrochemical Co., Ltd. was consolidated since the earliest year presented. Please refer to “Item 4 — Information on the Company — Acquisitions and Divestment” and Note 40 to our consolidated financial statements, and (b) We have initially applied IFRS 16 on January 1, 2019 and IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 on January 1, 2018. According to the adopted transition plan, the comparative data has not been restated. For a detailed description of the changes and impacts of these accounting standards, please refer to “Note 3 (aa) New Accounting Standards” in our financial statements.

Risk Factors

Our business is primarily subject to various changing competitive, economic and social conditions. Such changing conditions entail certain risks, which are described below.

Risks Related to Macro Economic Conditions

Our operations may be adversely affected by international and domestic economic conditions. As the oil and gas industry is sensitive tomacro-economic trends, oil and gas prices tend to fluctuate along with changes inmacro-economic conditions. We may experience pricing pressure on our refined products in recessionary periods, which would have an adverse effect on our profitability.Changes in macro-economic conditions can affect the demand for certain of our products. These factors may also lead to intensified competition for market share, with consequential potential adverse effects on sales volumes. Inflation may lead to increase in our operating costs. Notwithstanding the measures taken by the PRC government to control inflation, China may experience an increase in inflation in the future and our operating costs may become higher than anticipated. The financial and economic situation may also have a negative impact on third parties with whom we do orbusiness, and may ~~do, business.~~impact their ability to perform contractual obligations to us. In addition, other factors that affect the macro economy, such as declining population growth rates, conflicts and wars, trade and tariff policies, and major public health events, such as the recentCOVID-19 pandemic, may have an adverse impact on oil and gas and petrochemical industries, including us. Any of these factors may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

Risks Related to Competition

The oil, gas and petrochemicals industries are highly competitive. There is strong competition, both within the oil and gas industry and with other industries, in supplying the fuel needs of commercial, industrial and residential markets. In recent years, with the intensive reform of China’s petroleum, refining and chemical, natural gas, LNG, pipelines and refined oils sales industries, we have been facing increasingly intense competition in the exploration, refinery, chemical, sales, and oil and gas service sectors from privately-owned companies, foreign-invested enterprises and other state-owned enterprises that recently entered the ~~refinery, chemical, sales, and~~ oil and gas ~~service sectors.~~industries. In addition, the rapid development of unconventional oil and gas resources, new energy sources and new products also poses competition with the conventional energy and petrochemical industries. Competition puts pressure on product prices, affects oil products marketing and requires continuous management focus on identifying new trends, reducing unit costs and improving efficiency. The implementation of our growth strategy requires continued technological advances and innovation, including advances in exploration, production, refining, petrochemicals manufacturing technology and advances in technology related to energy usage. Our performance could be impeded if competitors developed or acquired intellectual property rights to technology that we required or if our innovation lagged the industry.

The Eastern and Southern regions of China have a higher demand for refined products and chemical products than the Western and Northern regions. Although we have strived to increase our refinery capacity in the Southern regions of China over recent years, most of our refineries and chemical plants are located in the Northeastern and Northwestern regions of China. We incur relatively higher transportation costs for delivery of our refined products and chemical products to certain areas of the Eastern and Southern regions from our refineries and chemical plants in Western and Northern China. We face strong competition from other traditional domestic oil companies, local independent refineries and other competitors. As a result, we expect that we will continue to encounter difficulty in increasing our sales of refined products and chemical products in these regions.

Risks Related to Outbound Investments and Trading

We are subject to various political, legal and regulatory environments in foreign developing countries where we operate, some of which are known to be unstable and differ in certain significant respects from those

prevailing in developed countries. The main factors affecting our outbound investments include unstable political situations, unstable tax policies and unstable regulatory regimes. CNPC, our controlling

shareholder, and its affiliates and subsidiaries may choose to undertake, without our involvement, overseas investments, operations and trading in the oil and gas industry, including certain exploration and production of oil and gas, refining, transportation, trading, engineering construction and technical services, operations of pipelines and liquefied natural gas, or LNG projects, or other business activities in certain countries or with certain entities that are subject to U.S. economic sanctions or are designated as State Sponsors of Terrorism, including Iran, Sudan, Cuba, Myanmar, Russia and Venezuela.

In 2018, the United States withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (“JCPOA”) and reimposed certain sanctions against Iran, which were conditionally lifted in 2015 following entry into the JCPOA. These reimposed sanctions have implications fornon-U.S. companies, including requiring foreign companies to cease participation in projects in certain sectors of Iran (including the energy sector), and, except for eight countries and regions (including China) which were granted a Significant Reduction Exception (“SRE”), to be able to continue to import limited oil, prohibiting or restricting oil imports from Iran. The SREs expired in May 2019, and the United States announced that no additional waivers would be re-issued. Pursuant to section 13(r) to the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, reporting issuers are required to disclose whether they or any of their affiliates have knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions, or dealings related to Iran during the reporting period, including activities not prohibited by U.S. or other law. ~~During the reporting period,~~In 2019, our controlling shareholder, CNPC, held indirect interests in certain oil and gas development projects in Iran, namely, (i) the MIS oil fields in which CNPC obtained a ~~75%~~100% interest in ~~2005,~~2010, (ii) the North Azadegan oilfield, in which CNPC obtained a 100% interest in 2009 and (iii) the South Pars gas field project. Regarding the South Pars gas field project, ~~in which~~ CNPC first obtained a 100% interest in 2009. After ~~temporarily~~ ceasing participation in the ~~South Pars gas field~~ project in 2012, CNPC in July 2017 regained a 30% investment and operating interest in the South Pars gas field project under a new Iran Petroleum Contract (the “IPC”)~~, in which Total S.A. (“Total”) held a 50.01% interest.~~. In November 2018, ~~Total withdrew from the project, and~~ CNPC took over ~~its~~another shareholder’s interest pursuant to the ~~IPC. Operation with respect~~IPC but the project was on hold. In October 2019, CNPC withdrew from the project. From there-imposition of U.S. sanctions until May 2019, CNPC had been providing minimal support and extraction-related services to ~~the South Pars project is currently suspended. In 2018,~~ the MIS oilfield and the North Azadgan oilfield ~~were in production, and CNPC extracted oil in order~~ to recover its investment ~~as per~~pursuant to the project ~~agreements. After the U.S. reimposed the sanctions, CNPC has been providing minimum support~~agreements and ~~services to the two oilfields pursuant to~~in line with the SRE issued to China. Since May 2019, CNPC has suspended extracting oil from the two oilfields. In ~~2018,~~2019 (until May), CNPC transported back to China approximately ~~2.3~~1.47 million tons of crude oil that it extracted from the ~~two oilfields,~~MIS oilfield and the North Azadgan oilfield, of which approximately ~~1.1~~0.41 million tons were resold to our company’s refineries. In ~~2018,~~2019, crude oil that we processed from the foregoing source accounted for ~~0.7%~~0.32% of the total oil processed by our refineries and contributed ~~0.1%~~0.08% of our total revenue.

Since July 2014, the United States has adopted economic sanctions against certain Russian persons and entities, including various entities operating in the financial, energy and defense sectors, such as Rosneft, Gazprom, Transneft, OAO Novatek and Yamal LNG. These sanctions prohibit U.S. persons from transacting in, providing financing for or otherwise dealing in debt issuance by certain of these entities, or restrict exports and transfer of technologies to certain of these entities. CNPC had certainpre-existing trading and investment relationships with some of these sanctioned Russian entities. For example, CNPC entered into a long-term agreement with each of Rosneft and Transneft to import crude oil from Russia in 2009 and a long-term agreement with Rosneft to import crude oil from Russia in June ~~2013 and a long-term agreement with Gazprom to import natural gas from Russia in May 2014.~~2013. CNPC has resold, and will for the foreseeable future resell, all or a substantial portion of the imported crude oil from Rosneft and Transneft under the crude oil agreements to us. In 2014, CNPC signed a long-term agreement with Gazprom to import natural gas from Russia, which was assigned to one of our subsidiaries in 2019. CNPC also indirectly holds 20% equity interest in OAO Yamal LNG and 10% equity interest in Arctic LNG 2, both of which ~~is a subsidiary~~are subsidiaries of OAO Novatek, another sanctioned Russian entity. In May 2014, we entered into a long-term LNG import agreement with a subsidiary of OAO Yamal LNG to import LNG from Russia.

In August 2017, the United States imposed economic sanctions against the Government of Venezuela and certain state-owned entities, including Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (“PdVSA”). These sanctions prohibit

U.S. persons from transacting in, providing financing for or otherwise dealing in “new debt” issued by these entities on or after August 25, 2017, with certain exceptions for short-term debt. Neither CNPC nor PetroChina purchased such new debt securities issued by the Government of Venezuela or by PdVSA, nor did they provide any assistance to third parties in this regard. In 2019, the United States issued enhanced sanction measures against Venezuela, which included blocking the property of Venezuelan government and its controlled entities, and introducing new restrictions on Venezuela’s oil sector. Under these programs, persons determined to be operating in the oil sector of the Venezuelan economy, or to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, any person included on the list of SDNs and Blocked Persons, may also be subject to risk of being designated for blocking sanctions. CNPC has longstanding trading and investment activities in Venezuela. In ~~2018, based on certain pre-existing contract obligations,~~2019, we purchased

~~products~~ a small amount of oil product sourced from ~~PdVSA~~Venezuela for processing and resale, which contributed ~~0.06%~~approximately 0.7% of our total revenue in ~~2018.~~2019. CNPC has suspended purchases of oil from Venezuela. In 2008, CNPC Exploration and Development Company Limited (“CNPC E&D”), a joint venture held as to 50% by us and 50% by a wholly-owned subsidiary of CNPC, acquired 40% stake in the Sinovensa block located in Carabobo, Monagas State, Venezuela. The other 60% stake of the block is held by PdVSA, which also serves as the operator of the block. The block produces and sells heavy oil. We also indirectly hold minority interests in a few other small projects in Venezuela. For the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the share of profit generated from the Sinovensa block and these other projects accounted for approximately ~~1.5%~~1.4% of our total profit. ~~CNPC E&D currently does not plan to discontinue the business or dispose of the interest in this block.~~

We closely monitor the possible impacts of U.S. sanctions against the countries and entities which have trading or investment relationships with CNPC or us. We ~~do not believe~~will continue to manage our risk exposure and to endeavor that our activities ~~nor those of CNPC, with these entities are in violation of~~do not violate any applicable economic sanctions administered by the United States. However, we cannot assure you that current or future regulations or developments related to economic sanctions will not have a material adverse impact on our business or reputation. Certain U.S. based investors may not wish to invest and have proposed or adopted divestment or similar initiatives regarding investments in companies that do business with countries and entities that are subject to U.S. sanctions. These investors may not wish for CNPC or us to make investments or conduct activities in the countries or with the entities that are the subject of U.S. sanctions and may divest their investment in us because of our relationship with CNPC and its investments and activities in those countries or with those entities that are the subject of U.S. sanctions. As a result, the trading prices of our ADSs may be adversely affected.

In July 2012, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, OFAC, added Bank of Kunlun Co., Ltd., or Kunlun Bank, an affiliate of our company due to common control by CNPC, to its “List of Foreign Financial Institutions Subject to Part 561”, which was replaced by the list of Correspondent Account of Payable-Through Account Sanctions, pursuant to the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010. OFAC reported that Kunlun Bank provided financial services to at least six Iranian banks that were on OFAC’s sanctions list during 2012. These financial services included holding accounts, making transfers and paying letters of credit on behalf of the designated banks. In 2018, Kunlun Bank has discontinued the business activities which are subject to U.S. sanctions. Since November 2018, Kunlun Bank’s settlement business involving Iran has been limited to settlement of humanitarian materials, limited crude oil trade within the framework of applicable SRE exemptions, and other business activities that are not subject to sanctions, and it has ceased business cooperation with the banks that are subject to secondary sanctions. Beginning in May 2019, Kunlun Bank further ceased involvement in settlement activities related to Iranian crude oil trade. Our company has no involvement in or control over such activities of Kunlun Bank or CNPC and CNPC subsidiaries and affiliates, and we have never received any revenue or profit derived from these activities.

Risks Related to Government Regulation

Our operations, like those of other PRC oil and gas companies, are subject to extensive regulations and control by the PRC government. These regulations and control affect many material aspects of our

operations, such as exploration and production licensing,industry-specific andproduct-specific taxes and fees and environmental and safety standards. As a result, we may face significant constraints on our ability to implement our business strategies, to develop or expand our business operations or to maximize our profitability. Our business may also be affected by future changes in certain policies of the PRC government with respect to the oil and gas industry. For example, on March 19, 2019, the PRC government passed theOpinions on Implementation of the Reform of the Operation Mechanism of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network (the “Opinion”). According to the Opinion, the PRC government will carry out reforms of the oil and gas pipeline operation mechanism. An oil and gas pipeline network operator shall be established, which will have diversified investors with state-owned capital holding the majority stake. The Opinion states that the PRC government would form an oil and gas market system with multi-channel suppliers in the upstream, an integrated pipeline network with high efficiency in themiddle-stream, and a fully competitive market in the downstream, to improve the efficiency of oil and gas resource allocation. On May 24, 2019, a number of Chinese government agencies jointly issued theRegulations on the Fair Opening of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Facilities, pursuant to which, from May 24, 2019, oil and gas pipeline network operators shall providenon-discriminatory services of oil and gas transportation, storage, gasification, loading and unloading, transshipment to users who meet the accessing conditions; without proper reasons, they must not delay the signing of or refuse to sign service contracts with users who meet the accessing conditions, and must not make unreasonable requirements. On December 9, 2019, the Chinese government established the China Oil & Gas Pipeline Network Corporation (the “National Pipeline Network Company”). The National Pipeline Network Company is in discussions with the Company regarding a possible acquisition of certain pipeline assets from the Company. As at the date of this report, no definitive agreement has been reached. There is no assurance that the definitive agreement, if any, will not bring any adverse effect on the development of our natural gas and pipeline business and our operation results.

Currently, the PRC government must approve the construction and major renovation of significant refining and petrochemical facilities as well as the construction of significant crude oil, natural gas and refined product pipelines and storage facilities. We presently have several significant projects pending approval from the relevant government authorities and will need approvals from the relevant government authorities in connection with several other significant projects. We do not have control over the timing and outcome of the final project approvals.

Because PRC laws, regulations and legal requirements dealing with economic matters continue to evolve, and because of the limited volume of published judicial interpretations and thenon-binding nature of prior court decisions, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, regulations and legal requirements involve some uncertainty. Because the PRC Company Law is different in certain important aspects from company laws in the United States, Hong Kong and other common law jurisdictions, and because the PRC securities

laws and regulations are still at a stage of development, you may not enjoy the shareholders’ protections that you may be entitled to in other jurisdictions.

Risks Related to Controlling Shareholder

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, CNPC beneficially owned approximately ~~81.03%~~80.41% of our share capital. This ownership percentage enables CNPC to elect our entire board of directors without the concurrence of any of our other shareholders. Accordingly, CNPC is in a position to:

control our policies and management affairs;

subject to applicable PRC laws and regulations and provisions of our articles of association, affect the timing and amount of dividend payments and adopt amendments to certain of the provisions of our articles of association; and

otherwise determine the outcome of most corporate actions and, subject to the regulatory requirements of the jurisdictions in which our shares are listed, cause our company to effect corporate transactions without the approval of minority shareholders.

CNPC’s interests may sometimes conflict with those of some or all of our minority shareholders. We cannot assure you that CNPC, as our controlling shareholder, will always vote its shares in a way that benefits our minority shareholders.

In addition to its relationship with us as our controlling shareholder, CNPC by itself or through its affiliates also provides us with certain services and products necessary for our business activities, such as construction and technical services, production services, materials supply services, social services and financial services. The interests of CNPC and its affiliates as providers of these services and products to us may conflict with our interests.

Risks Related to Pricing and Exchange Rate

Our operations are affected by the volatility of prices for crude oil, refined products and natural gas. We set our crude oil median prices monthly based on the international trading prices for crude oil.

In recent years, international prices for crude oil have fluctuated substantially in response to changes in global and regional economy, politics and supply and demand for crude oil. We do not have, and will not have, control over factors affecting international prices for crude oil. Fluctuations and volatility in crude oil prices have a significant impact in our results of operations. A decline in crude oil prices may reduce revenues from, and may result in a loss in, our exploration and production segment. For example, since the beginning of March 2020, the international crude oil price has fallen sharply due to a pessimistic outlook on the world economy affected by theCOVID-19 pandemic and oversupply of crude oil in the global market. The decline in international crude oil prices is expected to greatly affect the Company’s upstream business profits and oil and gas import costs, and affect the Company’s downstream business profits through China’s pricing mechanism of refined oil products, thereby adversely affecting the Company’s overall sales revenue and profits. Further, if crude oil prices remain at a low level for a prolonged period, our company ~~has~~would be required to determine and estimate whether our oil and gas assets may suffer impairment and, if so, the amount of the impairment. An increase in crude oil prices may, however, increase the production costs of refined products, reduce demand for our products and affect our operating profits.

~~Since 2008, the~~The PRC government has gradually improved its refined oil pricing mechanism. When there is a change in the average crude oil price in the international market during a given time period, the PRC government can adjust refined oil prices. When international crude oil price experiences sustained increases or becomes significantly volatile, the PRC government may increase its control over the refined oil prices. As a result, the regulation on refined product prices by the PRC government may reduce our profit and cause our refining assets to suffer impairment.

We negotiate the actual settlement price with natural gas users within the price range permitted by the PRC government. When the domestic price is lower than the international natural gas price, the cost of our imported natural gas will be higher than the sales price of our natural gas, which may reduce our revenues and profit, or result in losses, cause our natural gas assets to suffer impairment.

We receive most of our revenues in Renminbi. A portion of our Renminbi revenues must be converted into other currencies to meet our foreign currency obligations. The existing foreign exchange limitations under the PRC laws and regulations could affect our ability to obtain foreign exchange through debt financing, or to obtain foreign exchange for capital expenditures. The value of Renminbi against U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. The PRC government has implemented a floating exchange rate system to allow the value of the Renminbi to fluctuate within a regulated band based on market supply and demand and by reference to a basket of foreign currencies. Because most of our imports of crude oil, equipment and other materials and our outbound investments are settled in foreign currencies, the exchange rates between RMB and U.S. dollars and any other relevant foreign currencies may have an effect on our ~~crude oil~~ purchase costs and our investment costs.

Risks Related to Environmental Protection and Safety Production

Compliance with changes in laws, regulations and obligations relating to environmental protection and safety production could result in substantial expenditures and reduced profitability from increases in operating costs. In recent years, the PRC government has implemented environmental protection and safety production laws and regulations and has gradually improved refined oil standards which have stricter requirements for our business, and led to an increase in our operating costs. In the future, the PRC government will implement more stringent environmental protection and safety production regulations and impose higher standards on refined oil products. Compliance with these new regulations and standards will increase our costs and expenses.

Our oil and gas exploration and production activities shall comply with relevant PRC ~~environment~~environmental protection laws and regulations governing abandonment and disposal processes for oil and gas exploration and production activities. We have established standard abandonment procedures pursuant to these laws and regulations. We have included under our asset retirement obligations the costs for these abandonment activities and this asset retirement obligation is based on our best estimate of future abandonment expenditures. In addition, PRC national or local governments may enact stricter environmental protection regulations and our abandonment costs may increase as a result.

Exploring for, producing and transporting crude oil and natural gas and producing and transporting refined products and chemical products involve many hazards. These hazards may result in fires, explosions, spills, blow-outs and other unexpected or dangerous conditions causing personal injuries or death, property damage, environmental damage and interruption of operations.

Some of our oil and natural gas fields are surrounded by residential areas or located in areas where natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods and sandstorms, tend to occur more frequently than in other areas. As with many other companies around the world that conduct similar businesses, we have experienced accidents that have caused property damage and personal injuries and death.

Significant operating hazards and natural disasters such as earthquake, tsunami and health epidemics such as the currentCOVID-19 pandemic, may cause partial interruptions to our operations and property and environmental damage that could have an adverse impact on our financial condition.

Risks Related toCOVID-19

In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared theCOVID-19 outbreak a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” and on March 11, 2020 it was declared a pandemic. Between January 2020 and the date of this report, theCOVID-19 disease has spread to many countries, with the number of reported cases and related deaths increasing daily and, in many countries, exponentially. Many countries’ governments have imposed increasingly stringent restrictions to help avoid, or slow down, the spreading ofCOVID-19, including, for example, restrictions on international and local travel, public gatherings and participation in meetings, as well as closures of universities, schools, stores and restaurants, with some countries imposing strict curfews. In China, various forms of restrictions were imposed and continue to be in place, and there can be no assurance that these restrictions will not be extended further on one or more occasions. These measures have led to a significant decline in demand for, and prices of, our refined oil products and natural gas, and the restrictions are expected to have an adverse effect in the short to medium-term on our oil and gas business chains. Globally, these widespread restrictions in various countries across the world are expected to also result in a decrease in demand for oil, thereby also putting pressure on global oil prices.

We continue to monitor developments closely as theCOVID-19 pandemic develops. The impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on our business will depend on a range of factors which we are not able to accurately predict, including the duration, severity and scope of the pandemic, the geographies impacted, the impact of the pandemic on economic activity in China and globally, and the nature and severity of measures adopted by governments. These factors include, but are not limited to:

The deterioration of socio-economic conditions and disruptions to our operations, such as its supply chain, or refining or distribution capabilities, which may result in increased costs due to the need for

more complex supply chain arrangements, to expand existing facilities or to maintain inefficient facilities, or in a reduction of our sales volumes.

Reductions or volatility in demand for crude oil and refined and petrochemical products due to quarantine or other travel restrictions, economic hardship, retail closures or illness, which may impact our revenue and market share.

Significant volatility in financial markets (including exchange rate volatility) and measures adopted by governments and central banks that further restrict liquidity, which may limit our access to funds, lead to shortages of cash or increase the cost of raising such funds.

An adverse impact on our ability to engage in new, or consummate pending, strategic transactions on the agreed terms and timetable or at all.

As of the date of this report, there is significant uncertainty relating to the severity of the near- andlong-term adverse impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on the global economy, global financial markets and the Chinese economy, and we are unable to accurately predict the near-term or long-term impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic on our business. To the extent theCOVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section, such as those relating to marco-economic conditions, pricing and our liquidity. See also “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Marco Economic Conditions”, “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Pricing and Exchange Rate.” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Liquidity”.

Risks Related to Climate Change

In recent years, the oil industry has faced an increasingly severe challenge imposed by global climate change. Numerous international, domestic and regional treaties and agreements that restrict the emission of greenhouse gas have been executed and become effective. China and some other countries in which we operate have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, regulatory frameworks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These include adoption of carbon emission quota and trade regimes, carbon taxes, increased efficiency standards, and incentives or mandates for renewable energies. These requirements may lead to a substantial increase in our expenditures, make our products more expensive, lengthen our project time,

reduce the demand for hydrocarbons, and shift hydrocarbon demand toward relatively low carbon sources such as natural gas. Current and pending greenhouse gas regulations may also increase our compliance costs, such as those for monitoring or sequestering emissions. As a result, our results of operations and our strategic investment may be adversely affected.

China is a signatory country to the Paris Agreement which has taken effect since November 2016. China is expected to reach the peak level of carbon emissions by 2030. In 2017, the PRC government rolled out the national carbon quota trading system. Our subsidiaries operating in China are expected to be subject to mandatory requirement with respect to carbon emission quota and trading in the next few years, which could increase our costs of operations.

Risks Related to Insurance

Due to the fact that oil industry is susceptible to high andindustry-specific risks in nature, the current ordinary commercial insurance cannot cover all the business areas in which we operate. We maintain insurance coverage against ~~some,~~liability risks relating to assets that have significant operational risks, auto risks, and third-party liabilities for personal, property, and environmental risks, but not all, potential losses. We may suffer material losses resulting from uninsurable or uninsured risks or insufficient insurance coverage.

Risks Related to Oil and Gas Reserves

The crude oil and natural gas reserves data in this annual report are only estimates. The reliability of reserves estimates depends on a number of factors, assumptions and variables, such as the quality and quantity of our technical and economic data and the prevailing oil and gas prices applicable to our production, some of which are beyond our control and may prove to be incorrect over time. Results of drilling, testing and production after the date of estimates may require substantial upward or downward revisions in our reserves data. Our actual production, revenues and expenditures with respect to our reserves may differ materially from these estimates because of these revisions.

We are actively pursuing business opportunities outside China to improve our international operations. We cannot assure you, however, that we can successfully locate sufficient, if any, alternative sources of crude oil supply due to the complexity of the international political, economic and other conditions. If we fail to obtain sufficient alternative sources of crude oil supply, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to Liquidity

We have made best endeavors to ensure an appropriate level of liquidity and financing ability. However, as we are currently making our efforts to find high-quality large-scale reserves, strengthening capacity building in key areas, constructing new, and expanding some existing, refinery and petrochemical facilities and constructing several natural gas and oil pipelines, we may have to make substantial capital expenditures and investments. We cannot assure you that the cash generated by our operations will be sufficient to fund these development plans or that our actual future capital expenditures and investments will not significantly exceed our current planned amounts. If either of these conditions arises, we may have to seek external financing to satisfy our capital needs. Our inability to obtain sufficient funding for our development plans could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Effectiveness of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The SEC, as required by Section 404 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, has adopted rules requiring every public company in the United States to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, an independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Although our

management concluded that our internal control over our financial reporting ~~for the fiscal year ended~~as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was effective, and our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report, which concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective in all material aspects as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we may discover other deficiencies in the course of our future evaluation of our internal control over our financial reporting and may be unable to remediate such deficiencies in a timely manner. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting on an ongoing basis, in accordance with theSarbanes-Oxley Act. Moreover, effective internal control is necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and is important to prevent fraud. As a result, our failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business and negatively impact the trading prices of our ADSs, H Shares or A Shares.

Risks Related to Audit Reports Prepared by an Auditor who is not Inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board

As a company with shares registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and traded publicly in the United States, our independent registered public accounting firm is required under the laws of the United States to be registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, and undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards. The PCAOB, however, is currently unable to inspect a registered public accounting firm’s audit work relating to a company’s operations in China where the documentation of such audit work is located in China. Accordingly, our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit of our operations in China is not subject to the PCAOB inspection. In recent years, the SEC and the PCAOB have issued a number of joint statements highlighting continued challenges faced by the U.S. regulators in their oversight of financial statement audits of U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other

information currently protected by national law, in particular the PRC’s, in June 2019, a bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced bills in both houses of the U.S. Congress that would require the SEC to maintain a list of issuers for which PCAOB is not able to inspect or investigate an auditor report issued by a foreign public accounting firm. The Ensuring Quality Information and Transparency for Abroad-Based Listings on our Exchanges (EQUITABLE) Act prescribes increased disclosure requirements for these issuers and, beginning in 2025, the delisting from U.S. national securities exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange of issuers included on the SEC’s list for three consecutive years. Enactment of this legislation or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, and the market price of our ADSs could be adversely affected. It is unclear if this proposed legislation would be enacted.

The PCAOB has conducted inspections of independent registered public accounting firms outside of China and has at times identified deficiencies in the audit procedures and quality control procedures of those accounting firms. Such deficiencies may be addressed in those accounting firms’ future inspection process to improve their audit quality. Due to the lack of PCAOB inspections of audit work undertaken in China, our investors do not have the benefit of the PCAOB inspection of our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit work and audit quality control procedures.

Risks Related to SEC Litigation Against the “Big Four”PRC-based Accounting Firms

On January 22, 2014, Judge Cameron Elliot, an SEC administrative law judge, issued an initial decision suspending the Chinese member firms of the “Big Four” accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, from, among other things, practicing before the SEC for six months. In February 2014, the initial decision was appealed. While under appeal and in February 2015, the Chinese member firms of “Big Four” accounting firms reached a settlement with the SEC. As part of the settlement, each of the Chinese member firms of “Big Four” accounting firms agreed to settlement terms that include a censure, undertakings to make a payment to the SEC, procedures and undertakings as to future requests for documents by the SEC and possible additional proceedings and remedies should those undertakings not be adhered to.

IfHad the settlement terms ~~are~~ not been adhered to, the Chinese member firms of “Big Four” accounting firms ~~may be~~could have been suspended from practicing before the SEC, which could in turn delay the timely filing of our financial statements with the SEC. In addition, it could be difficult for us to timely identify and engage another registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on our financial statements and our internal control over financial reporting. A delinquency in our filing of the annual report with the SEC may result in the NYSE initiating delisting procedures, which could harm our reputation and have other material adverse effects on our overall growth and prospect.

Risks Related to Employee Misconduct

We may not be able to detect or prevent employee misconduct, including misconduct by senior management, and such misconduct may damage our reputation and could adversely affect the trading price of our ordinary shares and ADSs.

We have gradually reinforced and enhanced our internal control and corporate governance policies and procedures in order to strengthen our ability to detect and prevent employee misconduct. We cannot assure you, however, that we will be able to detect or prevent such misconduct in a timely fashion, or at all. If we fail to prevent employee misconduct, our reputation may be harmed, and the trading price of our ordinary shares and ADSs could be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Cyber Security

Our activities depend heavily on the reliability and security of our information technology (“IT”) systems. Our IT systems may suffer disruptions due to cyber-attack, computer intrusions and viruses, technical

failure and disruptions, power and network outages or natural disasters. We have adopted multi-layer technological measures for prevention and detection of cybersecurity problems, and we also train our employees in order to improve their awareness and ability to detect and respond to cybersecurity situations. If our measures prove to be insufficient, the cybersecurity disruptions could damage or destroy assets, compromise business systems, result in proprietary information being altered, lost, or stolen; result in employee, customer, or third-party information or material intellectual property being compromised, cause physical harm to people or the environment, or otherwise disrupt our business operations. We could incur significant costs to remedy the effects of a major cybersecurity disruption in addition to costs in connection with resulting regulatory actions, litigation or reputational harm. As a result, we and our customers, employees, or third parties could be adversely affected, potentially having a material adverse effect on our business and financial conditions.

Item 4— INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

Introduction

History and Development of Our Company

Our legal name is “ 中国石油天然气股份有限公司” and its English translation is PetroChina Company Limited.

We are the largest oil and gas producer and seller occupying a leading position in the oil and gas industry in the PRC and one of the largest companies in the world. We are engaged in a broad range of petroleum and natural gas related activities, including the exploration, development, production and marketing of crude oil and natural gas; the refining of crude oil and petroleum products, as well as the production and marketing of basic petrochemical products, derivative chemical products and other chemical products; the marketing of refined oil products and trading; and the transmission of natural gas, crude oil and refined oil products as well as the sale of natural gas.

Currently, substantially all of our crude oil and natural gas reserves andproduction-related assets are located in China. Our exploration, development and production activities commenced in the early 1950s. Over more than six decades, we have conducted crude oil and natural gas exploration activities in many regions of China.

We commenced limited refining activities in themid-1950s. Our chemicals operations commenced in the early 1950s. In the early 1960s, we began producing ethylene. Our natural gas transmission and marketing activities commenced in Sichuan in Southwestern China in the 1950s.

We have increased our efforts to pursue attractive business opportunities outside China as part of our business growth strategy to utilize both domestic and international resources to strengthen our competitiveness. Since 2005, we have acquired interests in various oil and natural gas assets in several countries, which significantly expanded our overseas operations and effectively increased our oil and gas reserves and production volumes. We are currently assessing the feasibility of making further investments in international oil and gas markets. At the same time, we have been maintaining certain proportion of imported crude oil and natural gas in accordance with our needs. In ~~2018,~~2019, we imported approximately ~~622.3~~711.0 million barrels of crude oil, as compared to ~~486.1~~640.6 million barrels and ~~572.5~~684.9 million barrels of crude oil in ~~2016~~2017 and ~~2017,~~2018, respectively.

We were established as a joint stock company with limited liability under the Company Law of the PRC on November 5, 1999 as part of a restructuring in which CNPC transferred to us most of the assets and liabilities of CNPC relating to its exploration and production, refining and marketing, chemicals and natural gas businesses.

On April 7, 2000, we completed a global offering of H Shares and ADSs. In September 2005, we completed afollow-on offering of over 3 billion H Shares at the price of HK$6.00 per share. In October 2007, we issued 4 billion A Shares at an issue price of RMB16.7 per share. The A Shares were listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on November 5, 2007. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, CNPC beneficially owned ~~148,010,665,536~~146,882,339,136 A

Shares and 291,518,000 H Shares in us, representing approximately ~~81.03%~~80.41% of our share capital in aggregate. The H Shares held by CNPC were through Fairy King Investments Limited, an overseas wholly owned subsidiary of CNPC.

For a description of our principal subsidiaries, see Note 1918 to our consolidated financial statements.

Our headquarters are located at 9 Dongzhimen North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China, 100007, and our telephone number at this address is (86-10) 5998-2622. Our website address iswww.petrochina.com.cn. The information on our website is not part of this annual report. Our annual report on form20-F and other reports filed electronically with the SEC can be found on the SEC’s websitewww.sec.gov.

Our Corporate Organization Structure

The following chart illustrates our corporate organization structure as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

LOGO

(1)	Indicates approximate shareholding.

(2)

Indicates approximate shareholding, including the 291,518,000 H Shares indirectly held by CNPC as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 through Fairy King Investments Limited, a wholly owned overseas subsidiary of CNPC, and not including the ~~5,871,488,603~~5,871,476,228 A Shares transferred to and held in a trust account as collaterals for the exchangeable bonds issued by CNPC.

(3)	Includes PetroChina ~~Planning & Engineering Institute, PetroChina~~ Exploration & Development Research Institute, PetroChina Planning & Engineering Institute, IT Service Center, PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute and several other companies.

Acquisitions and Divestment

On March 21, 2018, we entered into a concession agreement with Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, pursuant to which we were granted 10% equity interest in the Abu Dhabi Umm Shaif & Nasr Oilfield for a fee of US$575 million and 10% equity interest in the Lower Zakum Oilfield for a fee of US$600 million, both for a term of 40 years.

On September 27, 2018, we entered into an equity purchase agreement with Total S.A. to acquire the 22.407% equity interest held by Total S.A. in Dalian West Pacific Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (“Dalian West Pacific”). On December 6, 2018, we entered into an equity purchase agreement with each of Sinochem Group Co., Ltd. and Sinochem International Oil (Hong Kong) Co. Ltd., to acquire 8.424% and 25.208% equity interests in Dalian West Pacific, respectively. ~~After~~On May 17, 2019, the transaction was completed. Upon the completion of the ~~aforementioned equity purchase,~~transaction, together with our existing equity interest, we ~~will hold~~held a total equity interest of 84.475% ~~equity~~ in Dalian West Pacific and ~~Dalian West Pacific will become~~it became one of our principal subsidiaries. We have accounted for this transaction as combination of entities under common control and restated our financial statements and certain of our operating data, including volumes of imported crude oil, production capacity of refineries, production and sales volumes of refined and chemical products, average realized prices of refined products, ect., as if Dalian West Pacific was consolidated since the earliest year presented.

For information on capital expenditures, please see “Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Capital Expenditures and Investments.”

Exploration and Production

We engage in crude oil and natural gas exploration, development and production. Substantially all of our total estimated proved crude oil and natural gas reserves are located in China, principally in Northeastern, Northern, Southwestern and Northwestern China. Meanwhile, we have enhanced our overseas cooperation and expanded our strategic presence in five major overseas oil and gas cooperation regions by conducting new project development. In ~~2018,~~2019, the crude oil and natural gas produced by us at overseas regions accounted for ~~17.6%~~18.7% and ~~7.8%~~7.0% of our total production of crude oil and natural gas, respectively.

We currently hold exploration and exploitation licenses for oil and gas (including coal seam gas) covering a total area of approximately ~~295.5~~288.0 million acres, including the exploration licenses covering a total area of approximately ~~264.8~~256.9 million acres and the exploitation licenses covering a total area of approximately ~~30.7~~31.1 million acres.

The following table sets forth the financial and operating data of our exploration and production segment for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018:~~2019:


	Year Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018		2017		2018		2019
Revenue (RMB in millions)		412,484		505,430		658,712		505,430		658,712		676,320
Profit from operations (RMB in millions)		3,148		15,475		73,519		15,475		73,519		96,097
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves
Crude oil (million barrels)		7,437.8		7,481.3		7,640.8		7,481.3		7,640.8		7,253.3
Natural gas (Bcf)		78,711.8		76,887.6		76,467.0		76,887.6		76,467.0		76,236.0
Production
Crude oil (million barrels)		920.7		887.0		890.3		887.0		890.3		909.3
Natural gas for sale (Bcf)		3,274.5		3,423.4		3,607.6		3,423.4		3,607.6		3,908.0

Reserves

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, our total estimated proved reserves of crude oil was approximately ~~7,640.8~~7,253.3 million barrels and our total estimated proved reserves of natural gas was approximately ~~76,467.0~~76,236.0 Bcf. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, proved developed reserves for crude oil and natural gas accounted for ~~76.5%~~75.5% and ~~52.5%~~52.3% of our total proved crude oil and natural gas reserves, respectively. Total proved hydrocarbon reserves, including our overseas crude oil reserves of ~~811.0~~753.5 million barrels and overseas natural gas reserves of ~~1,986.9~~1,702.9 Bcf, ~~increased~~decreased by ~~0.44%~~2.1% from ~~approximately 20,295.9 million BOE as of December 31, 2017 to~~ approximately 20,385.3 million BOE as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2018 to approximately 19,959.3 million BOE as of December 31, 2019. Natural gas as a percentage of total proved hydrocarbon reserves ~~decreased~~increased from ~~63.1% as of December 31, 2017 to~~ 62.5% as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2018 to 63.7% as of December 31, 2019.

Approximately 54% and 33% of our estimated proved reserves as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, ~~was~~respectively, were assessed by our internal assessment team and audited by our independent engineering ~~consultant.~~consultants. The other part of our estimated proved reserves as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 and all of the estimated proved reserves as of ~~December 31, 2016 and~~ 2017 were based on the assessment performed by our independent engineering consultants according to the reserves assessment methodology generally adopted in the U.S. Our independent engineering consultants for ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 were DeGolyer and MacNaughton, Ryder Scott Company L.P., GLJ Petroleum Consultants and McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd. Our reserves estimates include only crude oil and natural gas which we believe can be reasonably produced within the current terms of our production licenses or within the terms of the licenses which we are reasonably certain can be renewed. See “Regulatory Matters — Exploration Licenses and Production Licenses” for a discussion of our production licenses. Also see “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Oil and Gas Reserves” for a discussion of the uncertainty inherent in the estimation of proved reserves.

Our reserves data in ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 were prepared in accordance with the SEC’s ~~final~~ rules on ~~“Modernization of Oil~~oil and ~~Gas Reporting”.~~gas reporting.

Internal Controls Over Reserves Estimates

We have appointed a Reserves Assessment Directing Team, or the RAD Team. The leader of the RAD Team is our ~~president.~~vice president in charge of our upstream business.

We have implemented a practicing professional certification regime to supervise our employees engaged in oil and gas reserves evaluation and auditing functions. We have set up a team of reserves auditors covering our headquarter office and regional companies to perform reserves evaluation and audits. Meanwhile, we have established a special reserves management department in our exploration and production segment. Each of the officers and employees of that department has over 20 ~~years’~~years of experience in oil industry and ~~over 10 years’~~many years of experience inSEC-guided reserves evaluation. All of the members of that department have been recognized asnational-level ~~registered qualifications in~~ reserves ~~expertise.~~experts. Each regional company has established a reserves management committee and amulti-disciplinary reserves research office. Mr. Duan Xiaowen from the Reserves Administration Division of ~~the~~our exploration and production ~~segment,~~branch company, is the person in charge of our reserves estimation. Mr. Duan holds a bachelor’s degree in geology and a master’s degree in business administration. He has over 25 years of work experience in oil and gas exploration and development industry and has been engaged in reserves estimate and management for a long time. Since 2008, Mr. Duan has been involved in the supervision of reserves estimation and management in our company. In 2016, Mr. Duan became the division head primarily responsible for overseeing the preparation of the reserves estimates, estimation technology and management. The reserves research offices of the regional companies are responsible for estimating newly discovered reserves and updating the estimates of existing reserves. The results of our oil and gas reserves assessment are subject to atwo-level review by both the regional companies and our exploration and production branch company, with final examination and approval by the RAD Team.

In addition, we commissioned independent assessment firms to independently reassess or audit our annually assessed proved reserves in accordance with relevant SEC rules. We disclose the reserves in accordance with the SEC requirements.

Third-Party Reserves Reports

DeGolyer and MacNaughton, an independent petroleum engineering consulting firm based in the United States, carried out an independent assessment and audit of our reserves in China and certain other countries as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019. Mr. Thomas C. Pence, a senior vice president of DeGolyer and MacNaughton, is primarily responsible for supervising the preparation of our reserves report. Mr. Pence is a Registered Professional Engineer in Texas, a member of the International Society of Petroleum Engineers, and has over 36 years of experience in oil and gas reservoir studies and reserves evaluations.

Ryder Scott Company, L.P. (“Ryder Scott”), an independent petroleum engineering consulting firm based in the United States, carried out an independent assessment of certain of our selected petroleum assets such as in Chad, West Qurna and Peru as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019. Mr. Timour Baichev, a vice president of Ryder Scott, was responsible for overseeing the estimate of the reserves, future production and income as stated in the reserves report. Mr. Timour Baichev is a licensed professional engineer and has over 35 years of experience in the petroleum reserves estimation and evaluation.

GLJ Petroleum Consultants (“GLJ”), a petroleum consulting firm based in Canada, carried out an independent assessment of our reserves for certain gas and oil properties in Canada as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019. Ms. Trisha S. MacDonald was the project manager for the evaluation. She is a senior engineer and has over 10 years of relevant experience.

McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd., a petroleum consulting firm with its headquarters in Canada, carried out an independent assessment of our reserves held through PetroKazakhstan Inc. as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019. Mr. Cam T. Boulton, aan executive vice president of McDaniel & Associates Consultants Ltd., was responsible for supervising the preparation of our reserves report. Mr. Boulton is a member of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta and a member of Society of Petroleum Engineers. He has over 10 years’ experience in oil and gas reservoir evaluation.

None of the above consulting firms or their partners, senior officers or employees has any direct or indirect financial interest in our company and the remunerations to the firms are not in any way contingent upon reported reserves estimates.

For detailed information about our net proved reserves estimates, please refer to the summary reports of reserves filed herewith as exhibits to this annual report on Form20-F.

The following table sets forth our estimated proved reserves (including proved developed reserves and proved undeveloped reserves), proved developed reserves and proved undeveloped reserves of crude oil and natural gas as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.


	Crude Oil and Condensate			Natural Gas⁽¹⁾			Combined			Crude Oil and Condensate			Natural Gas⁽¹⁾			Combined
	(Million barrels)			(Bcf)			(BOE, in millions)			(Million barrels)			(Bcf)			(BOE, in millions)
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves
Reserves as of December 31, 2015		8,521.1			77,524.7			21,441.9
Revisions of previous estimates		(810.9	)		(863.2	)		(954.7	)
Extensions and discoveries		491.7			4,770.3			1,286.8
Improved recovery		93.0			—			93.0
Purchased		63.6			554.5			156.0
Production for the year		(920.7	)		(3,274.5	)		(1,466.6	)
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves On a consolidated basis:
Reserves as of December 31, 2016		7,437.8			78,711.8			20,556.4			7,437.8			78,711.8			20,556.4
Revisions of previous estimates		486.2			(1,750.8	)		194.6			486.2			(1,750.8	)		194.6
Extensions and discoveries		346.3			3,350.0			904.6			346.3			3,350.0			904.6
Improved recovery		98.0			—			98.0			98.0			—			98.0
Purchased		—			—			—			—			—			—
Production for the year		(887.0	)		(3,423.4	)		(1,457.7	)		(887.0	)		(3,423.4	)		(1,457.7	)
Reserves as of December 31, 2017		7,481.3			76,887.6			20,295.9			7,481.3			76,887.6			20,295.9
Revisions of previous estimates		334.7			(1,377.9	)		105.2			334.7			(1,377.9	)		105.2
Extensions and discoveries		427.5			4,564.9			1,188.3			427.5			4,564.9			1,188.3
Improved recovery		95.9			—			95.9			95.9			—			95.9
Purchased		191.7			—			191.7			191.7			—			191.7
Production for the year		(890.3	)		(3,607.6	)		(1,491.7	)		(890.3	)		(3,607.6	)		(1,491.7	)
Reserves as of December 31, 2018		7,640.8			76,467.0			20,385.3			7,640.8			76,467.0			20,385.3
Revisions of previous estimates											(49.7	)		(765.6	)		(177.1	)
Extensions and discoveries											480.6			4,442.6			1,221.0
Improved recovery											90.9			—			90.9
Production for the year											(909.3	)		(3,908.0	)		(1,560.8	)
Reserves as of December 31, 2019											7,253.3			76,236.0			19,959.3
Proved developed reserves
As of December 31, 2016		5,176.3			40,663.8			11,953.5
As of December 31, 2017											5,592.9			39,242.6			12,133.2
Of which: domestic											5,037.0			37,325.4			11,257.9
Overseas											555.9			1,917.2			875.3
As of December 31, 2018											5,843.1			40,128.2			12,531.1
Of which: domestic											5,203.4			38,433.2			11,609.0
Overseas											639.7			1,695.0			922.1
As of December 31, 2019											5,473.8			39,869.6			12,118.7
Of which: domestic											4,840.0			38,376.3			11,236.0
Overseas											633.8			1,493.3			882.7
Proved undeveloped reserves
As of December 31, 2017											1,888.4			37,645.0			8,162.7
Of which: domestic											1,584.9			37,376.7			7,814.3
Overseas											303.5			268.3			348.4
As of December 31, 2018											1,797.7			36,338.8			7,854.2
Of which: domestic											1,626.4			36,046.9			7,634.2
Overseas											171.3			291.9			220.0
As of December 31, 2019											1,779.5			36,366.4			7,840.6
Of which: domestic											1,659.8			36,156.8			7,686.0
Overseas											119.7			209.6			154.6
Share of proved developed and undeveloped reserves in associates and joint ventures calculated by the equity method
As of December 31, 2017		5,592.9			39,242.6			12,133.2			395.3			372.3			457.3
As of December 31, 2018		5,843.1			40,128.2			12,531.1			321.4			429.4			392.9
Proved undeveloped reserves
As of December 31, 2016		2,261.5			38,048.0			8,602.9
As of December 31, 2017		1,888.4			37,645.0			8,162.7
As of December 31, 2018		1,797.7			36,338.8			7,854.2
Share of proved developed and undeveloped reserves in associates and joint ventures calculated by the equity method
As of December 31, 2016		504.0			347.6			561.9
As of December 31, 2017		395.3			372.3			457.3
As of December 31, 2018		321.4			429.4			392.9
As of December 31, 2019											287.1			393.6			352.7

(1)	Represents natural gas remaining after field separation for condensate removal and reduction for flared gas.

As of December 31, 2019, our total proved developed and undeveloped reserves on consolidated basis and on equity method, were 20,312 million BOE, including 7,540 million barrels of crude oil and condense, and 76,629.6 bcf of natural gas.

Our proved undeveloped reserves were ~~7,854.2~~7,840.6 million BOE as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. The main changes in our proved undeveloped reserves in ~~2018~~2019 included (i) an increase of ~~1,188.3~~1,221.0 million BOE through extensions and

discoveries; (ii) an increase of ~~95.9~~90.9 million BOE through improved recovery; (iii) a decrease of ~~223.9~~91.3 million BOE due to our optimization adjustment in the investment plans with respect to certain existing proved undeveloped reserves considering certain new discoveries; and (iv) the conversion of ~~1,368.8~~1,234.2 million BOE of proved undeveloped reserves into proved developed reserves. In ~~2018,~~2019, we spent ~~RMB134,995~~RMB 166,115 million on developing proved undeveloped reserves. The overwhelming majority of our proved undeveloped reserves were situated around the oil fields that are currently producing. The majority of our proved undeveloped reserves are already scheduled for development within five years after initial booking.

Some of our ~~natural gas~~ proved undeveloped reserves of natural gas are being developed more than five years after their initial disclosure primarily due to the effect oflong-term natural gas supply contracts. The sale of natural gas produced from our reserves located in China is subject to ourlong-term contractual obligations to provide a stable supply of natural gas to customers. We sell all of the natural gas through our pipelines and underlong-term supply arrangements with customers.

There are mainly two types oflong-term supply arrangements. The first ismulti-year supply contracts with terms ranging from 20 to 30 years that can be extended upon mutual agreement. The second type is renewable annual contracts. The majority of the natural gas produced from our gas fields in China is put into our nationwide,long-range pipeline system ~~and~~to be sold to customers who have entered intomulti-year supply contracts with us in the areas where thelong-range pipeline system covers. A small portion of the natural gas produced by our company is put into local or internal pipeline systems ~~and~~to be sold to customers in the areas adjacent to our gas fields. These customers typically have formedde-factolong-term relationships with our company over the years and enter into supply contracts with us before the year end to determine the amount of gas to be purchased for the next year, with such contracts being renewed every year. In general, our supply relationships with customers under the annual contracts have existed for more than ten years.

Mainly as a result of our contractual obligations to ensure along-term, stable supply of natural gas to customers, we must maintain a relatively large amount of proved undeveloped natural gas reserves and develop them over an extended period of time (in some cases, longer than five years).

The following tables set forth our crude oil and natural gas proved reserves and proved developed reserves by region as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.


	As of December 31,												As of December 31,
	2016				2017				2018				2017				2018				2019
	Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed		Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed		Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed		Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed		Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed		Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed
	(Million barrels)												(Million barrels)
Crude oil reserves
Daqing		1,504.7		1,226.3		1,513.7		1,283.9		1,487.4		1,272.5		1,513.7		1,283.9		1,487.4		1,272.5		1,300.9		1,137.4
Changqing		1,917.8		1,319.1		2,049.2		1,413.9		2,095.2		1,423.6		2,049.2		1,413.9		2,095.2		1,423.6		2,098.7		1,376.2
Xinjiang		795.1		730.5		927.3		855.9		1,000.0		894.6		927.3		855.9		1,000.0		894.6		975.8		834.3
Other regions⁽¹⁾		3,220.2		1,900.4		2,991.1		2,039.2		3,058.2		2,252.4		2,991.1		2,039.2		3,058.2		2,252.4		2,877.9		2,125.9

Total		7,437.8		5,176.3		7,481.3		5,592.9		7,640.8		5,843.1		7,481.3		5,592.9		7,640.8		5,843.1		7,253.3		5,473.8


	As of December 31,													As of December 31,
	2016					2017				2018				2017				2018				2019
	Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed			Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed		Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed		Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed		Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed		Proved Developed and Undeveloped		Proved Developed
	(Bcf)													(Bcf)
Natural gas reserves⁽²⁾
Changqing		25,697.9		9,920.8			25,509.2		9,107.4		25,425.8		9,406.5		25,509.2		9,107.4		25,425.8		9,406.5		25,589.5		9,362.5
Tarim		24,019.2		14,336.1	��		22,918.7		14,054.7		22,805.9		13,844.9		22,918.7		14,054.7		22,805.9		13,844.9		22,633.8		14,184.2
Chuanyu		13,905.1		6,982.4			13,838.0		6,756.5		13,882.7		7,857.5		13,838.0		6,756.5		13,882.7		7,857.5		14,421.5		7,953.2
Other regions⁽¹⁾		15,089.6		9,424.5			14,621.7		9,324.0		14,352.6		9,019.3		14,621.7		9,324.0		14,352.6		9,019.3		13,591.2		8,369.7

Total		78,711.8		40,663.8			76,887.6		39,242.6		76,467.0		40,128.2		76,887.6		39,242.6		76,467.0		40,128.2		76,236.0		39,869.6

(1)	Represents other oil regions in China and our overseas oil and gas fields.

(2)	Represents natural gas remaining after field separation for condensate removal and reduction for flared gas.

Exploration and Development

We are currently conducting exploration and development efforts in 12 provinces, two municipalities under the direct administration of the central government and three autonomous regions in China as well as in certain regions in other countries. We believe that we have more extensive experience in the exploration and development of crude oil and natural gas than any of our principal competitors in China.

The following table sets forth the number of wells we drilled, or in which we participated, and the results thereof, for the periods indicated.

Year
   Daqing    Xinjiang    Changqing    Others⁽¹⁾    Total
2016

Net exploratory wells drilled⁽²⁾
148    134    955    550    1,787

Crude oil
127    87    625    353    1,192

Natural gas
9    1    125    75    210

Dry⁽³⁾
12    46    205    122    385

Net development wells drilled⁽²⁾
3,150    792    5,135    2,194    11,271

Crude oil
3,129    777    4,526    1,824    10,256

Natural gas
15    15    551    354    935

Dry⁽³⁾
6    —      58    16    80
2017

Net exploratory wells drilled⁽²⁾
217    132    868    608    1,825

Crude oil
184    69    539    346    1,138

Natural gas
13    11    59    108    191

Dry⁽³⁾
20    52    270    154    496

Net development wells drilled⁽²⁾
3,205    1,520    6,020    3,731    14,476

Crude oil
3,185    1,504    4,217    2,898    11,804

Natural gas
10    13    1,746    820    2,589

Dry⁽³⁾
10    3    57    13    83
2018

Net exploratory wells drilled⁽²⁾
231    130    885    532    1,778

Crude oil
207    100    503    299    1,109

Natural gas
15    11    65    89    180

Dry⁽³⁾
9    19    317    144    489

Net development wells drilled⁽²⁾
3,421    1,630    6,233    3,893    15,177

Crude oil
3,398    1,619    4,086    2,990    12,093

Natural gas
16    11    2,098    885    3,010

Dry⁽³⁾
7    —      49    18    74


Year		Daqing		Xinjiang		Changqing		Others⁽¹⁾		Total
2017
	Net exploratory wells drilled⁽²⁾		217		132		868		608		1,825
	Crude oil		184		69		539		346		1,138
	Natural gas		13		11		59		108		191
	Dry⁽³⁾		20		52		270		154		496
	Net development wells drilled⁽²⁾		3,205		1,520		6,020		3,731		14,476
	Crude oil		3,185		1,504		4,217		2,898		11,804
	Natural gas		10		13		1,746		820		2,589
	Dry⁽³⁾		10		3		57		13		83
2018
	Net exploratory wells drilled⁽²⁾		231		130		885		532		1,778
	Crude oil		207		100		503		299		1,109
	Natural gas		15		11		65		89		180
	Dry⁽³⁾		9		19		317		144		489
	Net development wells drilled⁽²⁾		3,421		1,630		6,233		3,893		15,177
	Crude oil		3,398		1,619		4,086		2,990		12,093
	Natural gas		16		11		2,098		885		3,010
	Dry⁽³⁾		7		—		49		18		74
2019
	Net exploratory wells drilled⁽²⁾		211		157		584		627		1,579
	Crude oil		195		148		359		381		1,083
	Natural gas		2		9		49		109		169
	Dry⁽³⁾		14		—		176		137		327
	Net development wells drilled⁽²⁾		3,008		1,274		5,948		4,273		14,503
	Crude oil		2,990		1,270		4,319		3,243		11,822
	Natural gas		12		4		1,586		1,007		2,609
	Dry⁽³⁾		6		—		43		23		72

(1)	Represents the Liaohe, Jilin, Huabei, Dagang, Sichuan, Tarim, Tuha, Qinghai, Jidong, Yumen, Zhejiang, southern and other oil regions.

(2)	“Net” wells refer to the wells after deducting interests of others. No third parties own any interests in any of our wells.

(3)	“Dry” wells are wells with insufficient reserves to sustain commercial production.

We had ~~499~~885 wells in the process of being drilled and ~~9,792~~7,843 wells with multiple completions as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Oil-and-Gas Properties

The following table sets forth our interests in developed and undeveloped acreage by oil region and in productive crude oil and natural gas wells as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.


					Acreage⁽¹⁾ (Thousand acres)												Acreage⁽¹⁾ (Thousand acres)
	Productive Wells⁽¹⁾				Developed				Undeveloped				Productive Wells⁽¹⁾				Developed				Undeveloped
Oil Region	Crude Oil		Natural Gas		Crude Oil		Natural Gas		Crude Oil		Natural Gas		Crude Oil		Natural Gas		Crude Oil		Natural Gas		Crude Oil		Natural Gas
Daqing		77,144		580		1,144.42		103.41		726.90		133.69		77,788		650		1,289.15		104.90		637.13		139.29
Changqing		64,134		15,890		1,510.19		6,628.20		844.83		3,292.87		66,537		18,620		1,553.13		6,694.83		914.67		2,908.71
Xinjiang		34,214		300		394.23		63.44		260.24		18.27		35,171		305		428.70		63.44		289.04		23.47
Other regions⁽²⁾		75,175		6,182		1,671.95		1,320.08		1,014.48		1,871.44		76,079		6,351		1,735.10		1,606.28		998.61		2,568.13

Total		250,667		22,952		4,720.79		8,115.13		2,846.45		5,316.27		255,575		25,926		5,006.08		8,469.45		2,839.45		5,639.60

(1)	Includes all wells and acreage in which we have an interest. No third parties own any interests in any of our wells or acreage.

(2)	Represents the Liaohe, Jilin, Huabei, Dagang, Southwestern, Tarim, Tuha, Qinghai, Jidong, Yumen, Zhejiang, Southern and other oil regions.

Production

The following table sets forth our historical average net daily crude oil and natural gas production by region and our average sales price for the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.


	For the Year Ended December 31,						% of 2018 Total		For the Year Ended December 31,						% of 2019 Total
	2016		2017		2018		% of 2018 Total		2017		2018		2019		% of 2019 Total
Crude oil production⁽¹⁾
(thousand barrels per day, except percentages or otherwise indicated)
Daqing		717.2		668.8		632.6		25.9		668.8		632.6		608.7		24.4
Changqing		482.7		479.9		480.9		19.7		479.9		480.9		488.8		19.6
Xinjiang		224.7		229.0		232.2		9.5		229.0		232.2		252.1		10.1
Other⁽²⁾		1,090.9		1,052.4		1,093.4		44.9		1,052.4		1,093.4		1,141.6		45.9

Total		2,515.5		2,430.1		2,439.1		100.0		2,430.1		2,439.1		2,491.2		100.0

Annual production (million barrels)		920.7		887.0		890.3				887.0		890.3		909.3
Average sales price (US$ per barrel)		37.99		50.64		68.28				50.64		68.28		60.96

Natural gas production⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾
(million cubic feet per day, except percentages or otherwise indicated)
Changqing		3,103.5		3,121.7		3,275.3		33.1		3,121.7		3,275.3		3,481.3		32.5
Tarim		2,093.1		2,277.3		2,353.4		23.8		2,277.3		2,353.4		2,535.2		23.7
Chuanyu		1,696.1		1,844.1		1,979.9		20.0		1,844.1		1,979.9		2,375.6		22.2
Other⁽⁴⁾		2,054.1		2,136.1		2,275.3		23.1		2,136.1		2,275.3		2,314.9		21.6

Total		8,946.8		9,379.2		9,883.9		100.0		9,379.2		9,883.9		10,707.0		100.0

Annual production (Bcf)		3,274.5		3,423.4		3,607.6				3,423.4		3,607.6		3,908.0
Average realized price (US$ per Mcf)⁽⁵⁾		4.69		5.18		5.85				5.18		5.85		5.39

(1)	Production volumes for each region include our share of the production from all of our cooperative projects with foreign companies in that region.

(2)	Represents production from the Liaohe, Jilin, Huabei, Dagang, Tarim, Tuha, Qinghai, Jidong, Yumen and other oil regions and our share of overseas production as a result of our acquisition of overseas assets.

(3)	Represents production of natural gas for sale.

(4)	Represents production from the Daqing, Qinghai, Tuha, Xinjiang, Liaohe, Huabei, Dagang, Jilin, Jidong, Yumen and other oil and gas regions and our share of overseas production as a result of our acquisition of overseas assets.

~~(5)~~

As the sales volume of urban gas was included in the sales volume of natural gas beginning in 2018, the average realized prices for 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively adjusted by applying the same approach. For natural gas citygate price, please refer to “Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Overview”.

In ~~2018,~~2019, we supplied a substantial majority of our total crude oil sales to our own refineries. In addition, we ~~enter into annual crude oil mutual~~and Sinopec supply ~~framework agreement with Sinopec for supply of~~ crude oil to each other’s ~~refineries. Under the annual agreement for 2019, we agreed in principle~~refineries to ~~supply 0.74 million tons of crude oil~~allow supplies to ~~Sinopec’s refineries and Sinopec agreed in principle to supply 1.26 million tons of crude oil to us in 2019.~~be easily obtained from nearby resources.

The following table sets forth our average sales prices and average lifting costs of crude oil and natural gas of our company on an overall basis and those in China in ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.

   Crude Oil Average
Realized Prices
(RMB/ton)    Natural Gas⁽¹⁾
Average Realized Prices
(RMB/Kilostere)    Average Lifting
Cost
(US$/BOE)
2016

Overall
   1,865    1,099    11.67
—China
   1,831    1,146    13.00
2017

Overall
   2,526    1,235    11.53
—China
   2,494    1,225    12.71
2018

Overall
   3,338    1,367    12.31
—China
   3,350    1,338    13.55

~~(1)~~


	Crude Oil Average Realized Prices (RMB/ton)		Natural Gas Average Realized Prices (RMB/Kilostere)		Average Lifting Cost (US$/BOE)
2017
Overall		2,526		1,235		11.53
—China		2,494		1,225		12.71
2018
Overall		3,338		1,367		12.31
—China		3,289		1,338		13.55
2019
Overall		3,107		1,313		12.11
—China		3,097		1,437		13.29

Principal Oil and Gas Regions

Daqing Oil Region

The Daqing oil region, our largest oil and gas producing property, is located in the Songliao basin and covers an area of approximately one million acres. In ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, our crude oil production volume in the Daqing oil region was ~~717.2 thousand barrels,~~ 668.8 thousand barrels, 632.6 thousand barrels and ~~632.6~~608.7 thousand barrels per day, respectively. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we produced crude oil from 40 fields in the Daqing oil region.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, our proved crude oil reserves in the Daqing oil region were ~~1,487.4~~1,300.9 million barrels, representing ~~19.5%~~17.9% of our total proved crude oil reserves. As of December 31, ~~2016~~2017 and ~~2017,~~2018, the proved crude oil reserves in our Daqing oil region were ~~1,504.7~~1,513.7 million barrels and ~~1,513.7~~1,487.4 million barrels, respectively. In ~~2018,~~2019, the crude oil~~reserve-to-production~~reserves-to-production ratio of the Daqing oil region was ~~6.3~~5.7 years.

Daqing’s crude oil has low sulfur and high paraffin content. As many refineries in China, particularly those in Northeastern China, are configured to refine Daqing crude oil, we have a stable market for the crude oil we produce in the Daqing oil region.

Changqing Oil and Gas Region

The Changqing oil and gas region covers parts of Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi Province. In 2019, we discovered the Qingcheng oilfied in the Changqing oil and gas region. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the proved reserves in the Qingcheng oilfied were 121.1 million barrels. As of December 31, 2019, our proved crude oil reserves in the Changqing oil region were ~~2,095.2~~2,098.7 million barrels, representing ~~27.4%~~28.9% of our total proved crude oil reserves. In ~~2018,~~2019, our crude oil production in the Changqing oil region averaged ~~480.9~~488.8 thousand barrels per day, representing approximately ~~19.7%~~19.6% of our total daily crude oil production. In ~~2018,~~2019, the crude oil~~reserve-to-production~~reserves-to-production ratio at the Changqing oil region was ~~11.9~~11.8 years.

In the early 1990s, we discovered the Changqing oil and gas region, which had total proved natural gas reserves of ~~25,425.8~~25,589.5 Bcf as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, representing ~~33.3%~~33.6% of our total proved natural gas reserves. In January 2001, we discovered the Sulige gas field in the Changqing oil and gas region, which had total proved natural gas reserves of ~~14,403.0~~14,913.9 Bcf as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019. Sulige gas field is currently the largest gas field in China. In ~~2018,~~2019, the Changqing oil and gas region produced ~~1,195.5~~1,270.7 Bcf of natural gas for sale, representing an increase of ~~4.9%~~6.3% from ~~1,139.4~~1,195.5 Bcf in ~~2017.~~2018.

Xinjiang Oil Region

The Xinjiang oil region is one of our four largest crude oil producing properties and is located in the Junggar basin in Northwestern China. We commenced our operations in the Xinjiang oil region in 1951. The Xinjiang oil region covers a total area of approximately 900,000 acres.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, our proved crude oil reserves in the Xinjiang oil region were ~~1,000.0~~975.8 million barrels, representing ~~13.1%~~13.5% of our total proved crude oil reserves. In ~~2018,~~2019, our oil fields in the Xinjiang oil region produced an average of ~~232.2~~252.1 thousand barrels of crude oil per day, representing approximately ~~9.5%~~10.1% of our total daily crude oil production. In ~~2018,~~2019, the crude oil~~reserve-to-production~~reserves-to-production ratio at the Xinjiang oil region was ~~11.8~~10.6 years.

Tarim Oil and Gas Region

The Tarim oil and gas region is located in the Tarim basin in Northwestern China with a total area of approximately 590,000 acres. In 1998, we discovered the Kela 2 natural gas field in the Tarim oil and gas region. In 2019, we discovered theBozi-Dabei gas field in the Tarim oil and gas region. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the proved reserves in theBozi-Dabei gas field were 3,937.3 Bcf. As of December 31, 2019, the proved natural gas reserves in the Tarim oil and gas region ~~reached 22,805.9~~were 22,633.8 Bcf, representing ~~29.8%~~29.7% of our total proved natural gas reserves.

In ~~2018,~~2019, we produced ~~859.0~~925.4 Bcf of natural gas for sale in the Tarim oil and gas region. We have completed the construction of the pipelines to deliver natural gas in the Tarim oil and gas region to the central and Eastern regions of China where there is strong demand for natural gas transmitted through ourWest-East Gas Pipelines.

Chuanyu Gas Region

We began natural gas exploration and production in the Chuanyu gas region in the 1950s. The Chuanyu gas region covers a total area of approximately 2.3 million acres. The natural gas~~reserve-to-production~~reserves-to-production ratio in the Chuanyu gas region was approximately ~~19.2~~16.6 years in ~~2018.~~2019. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had ~~116~~115 natural gas fields under development in the Chuanyu gas region. In 2019, we discovered the Sichuan shale gas field in the Chuanyu gas region. As of December 31, 2019, the proved reserves in the Sichan shale gas field were 1,405.3 Bcf.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, our proved natural gas reserves in the Chuanyu gas region were ~~13,882.7~~14,421.5 Bcf, representing ~~18.2%~~18.9% of our total proved natural gas reserves and an increase of ~~0.3%~~3.9% from ~~13,838.0~~13,882.7 Bcf as of December 31, ~~2017.~~2018. In ~~2018,~~2019, our natural gas production for sale in the Chuanyu gas region reached ~~722.7~~867.1 Bcf, representing ~~20.0%~~22.2% of our total natural gas production for sale.

Refining and Chemicals

We now operate 2930 enterprises located in nine provinces, four autonomous regions and three municipalities to engage in refining of crude oil and petroleum products, as well as the production and marketing of basic petrochemical products, derivative chemical products and other chemical products.

The comparative data for 2017 and 2018 throughout the section of “Refining and Chemical” was restated to reflect our acquisition of the interest in Dalian West Pacific as if it was consolidated from the first financial year presented. Please refer to “Item 4 — Information on the Company — Acquisitions and Divestment”) and Note 40 to our consolidated financial statements.

The following table sets forth the financial and operating data of our refining and chemicals segment for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.


	Year Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018		2017		2018		2019
Revenue (RMB in millions)		582,510		707,804		874,125		735,486		911,224		902,679
Profit from operations (RMB in millions)		39,026		39,961		42,756		43,075		44,701		13,764
Crude oil processed (million barrels)		953.3		1,016.9		1,122.8		1,067.9		1,180.5		1,228.4
Crude oil primary distillation capacity (million barrels/year)		1,257.6		1,347.0		1,380.3		1,420.9		1,454.2		1,463.0
Production of refined oil products (thousand tons)		86,022		92,715		105,342		97,499		111,148		117,791

Refining

Refined Products

We produce a wide range of refined products at our refineries. Some of the refined products are for our internal consumption and used as raw materials in our petrochemical operation. The table below sets forth production volumes for our principal refined products for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.


	Year Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
Principal Product	2016		2017		2018		2017		2018		2019
	(In thousand tons)						(In thousand tons)
Diesel		46,689		48,241		52,022		50,053		54,311		54,628
Gasoline		33,275		37,363		43,453		39,074		45,794		50,430
Kerosene		6,058		7,111		9,867		8,372		11,043		12,733
Lubricants		1,164		1,636		1,600		1,636		1,600		1,630
Fuel oil		2,222		1,880		1,675		2,115		1,937		1,672
Naphtha		9,919		10,032		11,775		10,242		11,950		12,829

Our Refineries

Most of our refineries are strategically located close to our crude oil production and storage bases along our crude oil and refined product transmission pipelines and railways, which provide our refineries with secure supplies of crude oil and facilitate our distribution of refined products to the domestic markets.

In ~~2018,~~2019, facing excessive oil refining capacity in China, to enhance our competition and efficiency in the refining and chemical business, we ~~further optimized our~~vigorously promoted the restructuring of refining and chemical products, actively increased the production ~~processes, adjusted our~~of chemical products, ~~portfolio and concentrated our resources and~~while striving to reduce the production ~~capacity on~~of refined oil products, with production of high ~~profit margins.~~value-added products increasing significantly and jet fuel and high-grade gasoline production achieving double-digit growth. We reduced the diesel-gasoline ratio from ~~1.29~~1.19 in 2018 to 1.08 in 2019.

In 2017, ~~to 1.20 in 2018. In each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, our exploration and production operations supplied approximately ~~71.8%~~63.8%, ~~67.0%~~56.7% and ~~59.7%~~55.7%, respectively, of the crude oil processed in our refineries.

The table below sets forth certain operating statistics regarding our refineries as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.


	As of December 31,						As of December 31,
	2016		2017		2018		2017		2018		2019
Primary distillation capacity⁽¹⁾ (thousand barrels per day)
Jilin Petrochemical								198.4		198.4		198.4
Fushun Petrochemical								222.7		222.7		222.7
Lanzhou Petrochemical		212.6		212.6		212.6		212.6		212.6		212.6
Dushanzi Petrochemical								202.4		202.4		202.4
Dalian Petrochemical		415.0		415.0		415.0		415.0		415.0		415.0
Fushun Petrochemical		222.7		222.7		222.7
Dushanzi Petrochemical		202.4		202.4		202.4
Dalian West Pacific								202.4		202.4		202.4
Guangxi Petrochemical		202.4		202.4		202.4		202.4		202.4		202.4
Jilin Petrochemical		198.4		198.4		198.4
Sichuan Petrochemical		202.4		202.4		202.4		202.4		202.4		202.4
Yunnan Petrochemical⁽²⁾		—		263.2		263.2
Yunnan Petrochemical								263.2		263.2		263.2
Other refineries		1,789.6		1,771.4		1,862.5		1,771.4		1,862.5		1886.8

Total		3,445.5		3,690.5		3,781.6		3,892.9		3,984.0		4,008.3

Refining throughput (thousand barrels per day)
Lanzhou Petrochemical		166.6		178.3		187.7
Dalian Petrochemical		263.5		217.4		323.0
Fushun Petrochemical		170.5		158.9		175.1
Dushanzi Petrochemical		151.2		149.1		147.2
Guangxi Petrochemical		90.9		143.3		186.6
Jilin Petrochemical		184.3		181.6		164.4
Sichuan Petrochemical		141.0		147.5		131.5
Yunnan Petrochemical⁽²⁾		—		81.4		204.4
Other refineries		1,443.9		1,528.6		1,556.4

Total		2,611.9		2,786.1		3,076.3

(1)	Represents the primary distillation capacity of crude oil and condensate.

~~(2)~~

~~Yunnan Petrochemical commenced operations in August 2017.~~


	As of December 31,
	2017		2018		2019
Refining throughput (thousand barrels per day)
Jilin Petrochemical		181.6		164.4		186.1
Fushun Petrochemical		158.9		175.1		176.4
Lanzhou Petrochemical		178.3		187.7		185.2
Dushanzi Petrochemical		149.1		147.2		124.9
Dalian Petrochemical		217.4		323.0		324.4
Dalian West Pacific		139.6		158.0		146.0
Guangxi Petrochemical		143.3		186.6		196.5
Sichuan Petrochemical		147.5		131.5		177.2
Yunnan Petrochemical		81.4		204.4		216.9
Other refineries		1,528.6		1,556.4		1,632.0

Total		2,925.7		3,234.3		3,365.6

In each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, the average utilization rate of the primary distillation capacity at our refineries was ~~80.3%~~79.1%, ~~80.3%~~82.5% and ~~83.0%~~85.1%, respectively, and the average yield for our four principal refined products (gasoline, kerosene, diesel and lubricants) at our refineries was ~~67.6%~~68.6%, ~~68.6%~~70.6% and ~~70.4%~~71.8%, respectively. “Yield” represents the number of tons of a refined product expressed as a percentage of the number of tons of crude oil from which that product is processed. In each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, the overall refining yield at our refineries was ~~93.5%~~93.3%, ~~93.3%~~93.7% and ~~93.7%~~93.5%, respectively.

In ~~2018, Dalian Petrochemical, Yunnan~~2019, Jilin Petrochemical, Fushun Petrochemical, Lanzhou Petrochemical, Dushanzi Petrochemical, Dalian Petrochemical, Dalian West Pacific, Guangxi Petrochemical, Sichuan Petrochemical and ~~Jilin~~Yunnan Petrochemical were our leading refineries in terms of both primary distillation capacity and refining throughput.

To maintain efficient operations of our facilities and lower production costs, we have endeavored to achieve the mostcost-efficient proportions of various types of crude oil in our refining process. We purchase a portion of our crude oil requirements fromthird-party international suppliers located in different countries and regions. In ~~2018,~~2019, we purchased crude oil sourced from ~~Rosneft~~Iran and ~~Transneft, both of~~Russian companies which are ~~Russian companies~~ subject to U.S. economic sanctions, and Sudan which is designated as a State Sponser of Terrorism by the U.S., for use in our refining operations. The revenue generated from our refineries from the crude oil sourced from the Russian companies Rosneft and Transneft, Iran and Sudan accounted for ~~4.29%~~3.2%, 0.08% and 0.1% of our total revenue in ~~2018.~~2019. See “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Outbound Investments and Trading.”

Chemicals

Most of our chemical plants are close to our refineries and are connected to the refineries by pipelines, providing additional production flexibility and opportunities for cost competitiveness. The raw materials required by our chemicals operations are mainly supplied by our own refineries.

Our Chemical Products

The table below sets forth the production volumes of our principal chemical products for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.


	Year Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018		2017		2018		2019
	(In thousand tons)						(In thousand tons)
Basic petrochemicals
Ethylene		5,589		5,764		5,569		5,764		5,569		5,863
Derivative petrochemicals
Synthetic resin		9,078		9,284		9,049		9,404		9,165		9,580
Synthetic fiber raw materials and polymer		1,410		1,390		1,388		1,390		1,388		1,309
Synthetic rubber		760		809		869		809		869		910
Other chemicals
Urea		1,900		1,439		828		1,439		828		1,208

We are one of the major producers of ethylene in China. We use the bulk of the ethylene we produce as a principal feedstock for the production of many chemical products, such as polyethylene. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, our annual ethylene production capacity was ~~5,910~~6,010 thousand tons. We produce a number of synthetic resin products, including polyethylene, polypropylene and ABS. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, our annual production capacities for polyethylene, polypropylene and ABS were 5,062 thousand tons, ~~4,120~~4,220 thousand tons and 705 thousand tons, respectively.

Marketing of Chemicals

Our chemical products are distributed to a number of industries including the automotive, construction, electronics, medical manufacturing, printing, electrical appliances, household products, insulation, packaging, paper, textile, paint, footwear, agriculture and furniture industries.

The following table sets forth the sales volumes of our chemical products by principal product category for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.

   Year Ended December 31,
Product
   2016    2017    2018
   (In thousand tons)
Derivative petrochemicals

Synthetic resin
   8,998.4    9,166.0    9,489.1
Synthetic fiber
   83.6    76.9    75.8
Synthetic rubber
   793.7    813.6    899.6
Intermediates
   9,262.4    10,324.6    10,480.2
Other chemicals

Urea
   2,181.8    1,171.8    732.3

In each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, our capital expenditures for our refining and chemicals segment amounted to approximately RMB12,847 million, RMB17,705 million and RMB15,287 million, respectively. These capital expenditures were incurred primarily in connection with the construction and expansion of our refining and chemical facilities and the upgrading of our product quality. We believe that our refined products are capable of meeting the product specification and environmental protection requirements as set by the PRC government.


	Year Ended December 31,
Product	2017		2018		2019
	(In thousand tons)
Derivative petrochemicals
Synthetic resin		9,166.0		9,489.1		9,777.8
Synthetic fiber		76.9		75.8		39.1
Synthetic rubber		813.6		899.6		1,011.1
Intermediates		10,324.6		10,480.2		11,354.7
Other chemicals
Urea		1,171.8		732.3		1,561.2

Marketing

We engage in the marketing of refined products through 36 regional sales companies including two distribution branch companies, one lubricant branch company, one fuel oil company and one convenience store chain company, PetroChina uSmile Company Limited, operated under the trade name “uSmile”. These operations include the transportation and storage of the refined products, ~~and~~ the wholesale, retail and export of gasoline, diesel, kerosene, lubricant, asphalt and other refined ~~products.~~products, andnon-oil business. In addition, with respect to our international trading sector, we have optimized the import and export resources, focused on synergies, actively expanded into thehigh-end markets, and maintained growth in trading volume and improved operation results.

The following table sets forth the financial and operating data of our marketing segment for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018:~~2019:


	Year Ended December 31,							Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2017		2018			2017		2018			2019
Revenue (RMB in millions)		1,301,616		1,660,456		2,003,105			1,660,456		2,003,105			2,165,391
Profit /(Loss) from operations (RMB in millions)		11,048		8,279		(6,450	)		8,279		(6,450	)		(565	)
External sales volume of refined oil products (thousand tons)		159,107		169,466		177,498
External sales volume of refined oil products (thousand tons)*									170,735		178,648			187,712

*	The comparative data for 2017 and 2018 in the table was restated as if Dalian West Pacific was consolidated since the earliest year presented. Please refer to “Item 4 — Information on the Company — Acquisitions and Divestment” and Note 40 to our consolidated financial statements.

With respect to our domestic sales business, we market a wide range of refined products, including gasoline, diesel, kerosene and lubricants, through an extensive network of sales personnel and independent distributors and a broad wholesale and retail distribution system across China. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, our marketing network consisted of:

Numerous nationwide wholesale distribution outlets. Almost all of these outlets are located in high demand areas across China, particularly in the coastal areas, along major railways and along the Yangtze River; and

~~21,783~~22,365 service stations, consisting of ~~20,555~~20,955 service stations owned and operated by us and ~~1,228~~1,410 franchised service stations owned and operated by third parties.

In addition, in order to adapt to changes in market condition and customer demand, we enhanced integrated marketing for refined products, fuel cards,non-oil business, lubricants and gas, and enhanced marketing through ~~internet~~internet. We optimized our supply chain, upgraded the facilities and ~~carried out various promotion activities. We expanded~~services at our ~~internet payment services~~gas stations, and enhanced ~~our~~the marketing of ournon-oil businesses.

Our international trade business actively played a role in adjusting supply and demand, creating profit through business synergy. We optimized crude oil and natural gas imports, strengthened oil and gas sales, expanded refined oil exports and thehigh-end market, strengthened terminal network layout and cross-region and cross-city operations, enhanced transactions ability, and effectively managed operational risks.

The PRC government and other institutional customers, including railway, transportation and fishery operators, arelong-term purchasers of the gasoline and diesel that we produce. We sell gasoline and diesel to these customers based on the supply prices for special customers published by the PRC government. See “— Regulatory Matters — Pricing — Refined Products” for a discussion of refined product pricing.

In 2017, 2018 and 2019, our share in China’s refined oil retail market was 37.0%, 36.4% and 36.7%, respectively.

The following table sets forth our sales volumes of diesel, gasoline, kerosene and lubricants for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.

   Year Ended December 31,
Product
   2016    2017    2018
   (In thousand tons)
Diesel
   80,168    87,324    86,904
Gasoline
   62,406    65,293    71,125
Kerosene
   16,533    16,849    19,469
Lubricants
   1,122    1,283    1,158


	Year Ended December 31,
Product	2017		2018		2019
	(In thousand tons)
Diesel		87,324		86,904		90,163
Gasoline		65,293		71,125		76,366
Kerosene*		18,118		20,619		21,183
Lubricants		1,283		1,158		977

*	The comparative data for 2017 and 2018 in the table was restated as if Dalian West Pacific was consolidated since the earliest year presented. Please refer to “Item 4 — Information on the Company — Acquisitions and Divestment” and Note 40 to our consolidated financial statements.

Wholesale Marketing

We sell refined products both directly and through independent distributors into various wholesale markets, as well as to utility, commercial, petrochemical, aviation, agricultural, fishery and transportation companies in China. Our gasoline and diesel sales also include the amount we transferred to our retail operations.

Retail Marketing

The weighted average sales volume of gasoline and diesel per business day at our service station network was 10.5 tons, ~~10.5~~10.3 tons and ~~10.3~~10.1 tons per service station in ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

Capital expenditures for the marketing segment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 amounted to RMB7,983 million, RMB10,982 million and RMB17,010 million, respectively, which were used mainly for the construction of sales network facilities including service stations and oil storage tanks.

Natural Gas and Pipeline

We are China’s largest natural gas transporter and seller in terms of sales volume. We sell natural gas primarily to industrial companies, power plants, fertilizer and chemical companies, commercial users and municipal utilities owned by local governments. In addition, we also transmit crude oil and refined products in the natural gas and pipeline segment.

The following table sets forth the financial and operating data of our natural gas and pipeline segment for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018:~~2019:

   As of December 31 or Year
Ended December 31,
   2016    2017    2018
Revenue (RMB in millions)
   247,477    295,786    362,626
Profit from operations (RMB in millions)
   17,885    15,688    25,515
Total length of natural gas pipelines (km)
   49,420    51,315    51,751
Total length of crude oil pipeline (km)
   18,872    19,670    20,048
Total length of refined oil products pipeline (km)
   10,560    11,389    11,728
Total volume of natural gas sold⁽¹⁾ (Bcf)
   6,811.3    7,026.2    7,654.7

~~(1)~~

Represents the natural gas sold to third parties. As the sales volume of urban gas was included in the sales volume of natural gas beginning in 2018, the sales volumes for 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively adjusted by applying the same approach.


	As of December 31 or Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2018		2019
Revenue (RMB in millions)		295,786		362,626		391,023
Profit from operations (RMB in millions)		15,688		25,515		26,108
Total length of natural gas pipelines (km)		51,315		51,751		53,291
Total length of crude oil pipeline (km)		19,670		20,048		20,091
Total length of refined oil products pipeline (km)		11,389		11,728		13,762
Total volume of natural gas sold (Bcf)		7,026.2		7,654.7		9,149.8

Our Principal Markets for Natural Gas

We sell our natural gas across China. Our natural gas supply covers all provinces, municipalities under direct administration of the central government and autonomous regions of China, other than Macau and Taiwan. We supply natural gas to Tibet by ~~means of~~ LNG tanker trucks.

The Bohai Rim is one of our principal markets for natural gas. The natural gas supplied to Bohai Rim is primarily sourced from the Changqing oil and gas region and transmitted through the Shaanxi to Beijing natural gas pipeline system.

The Yangtze River Delta and Southwestern region in China are also our principal markets. We supply natural gas to these regions primarily from our domestic production sites and through long-distance pipelines and by LNG tanker trucks.

In addition, provinces such as ~~Xinjiang, Guangdong, Henan~~Inner Mogolia, Hubei, Anhui and ~~Hubei~~Fujian consume more and more natural gas and have become another significant natural gas market of us.

Driven by environmental and efficiency concerns, the PRC government is increasingly encouraging industrial and residential use of natural gas. The PRC government has adopted a number of laws and regulations to require local governments to increase the use of clean energy, such as natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, to ~~replace the use of raw coal.~~reduce carbon emissions and environmental pollution. Several local governments have adopted policies to facilitate an increase in natural gas consumption in order to reduce ~~the~~ air ~~pollution level.~~pollution. The PRC government has also adopted preferentialvalue-added tax rate for natural gas production. ~~Effective April 1, 2019, the~~The current value-added tax rate for natural gas ~~was reduced from 10% to~~is 9%, ~~and~~while the value-added tax rate for crude oil ~~was reduced from 16% to~~and refined oil products is 13%. In 2017, the PRC government issued a new policy to accelerate the large-scale and high-efficient utilization of natural gas in urban gas, industrial fuel,gas-fired power generation and transportation, and to significantly increase the proportion of use of natural gas in primary energy consumption. The overall goal of the policy is that the proportion of natural gas in the primary energy consumption to reach around 10% by 2020 and 15% by 2030, and the underground gas storage to form an effective working gas volume of over 14.8 billion cubic meters by 2020 and over 35 billion cubic meters by 2030.

We believe that these policies have had a positive effect on the development and consumption of natural gas in our existing or potential markets for natural gas. We believe that these favorable policies will continue to benefit our natural gas business.

Natural Gas Transmission Infrastructure

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we owned and operated approximately ~~51,751~~53,291 kilometers of natural gas pipelines in China, representing the vast majority of China’s onshore natural gas pipelines. Our existing natural gas pipelines form a national trunk network for natural gas supply and the regional natural gas supply networks in Northwestern, Southwestern, Northern and central China as well as the Yangtze River Delta. Our main natural gas pipelines in operation include the First West-East Gas Pipeline, the Second West-East Gas Pipeline, the Third West-East Gas Pipeline, Zhong County-Wuhan Gas Pipeline, the four Shaanxi-Beijing Gas Pipelines and theSebei-Lanzhou Gas Pipelines. In ~~2018,~~2019, our main natural gas pipelines under construction included the middle section of the China-Russia East Natural Gas Pipeline, ~~and~~ the Fujian-Guangdong branch line of the Third West-East Gas ~~Pipeline.~~Pipeline and a number of other interconnection projects.

The China-Russia East Natural Gas Pipeline will extend from Heihe to Shanghai with a total length of 3,691 kilometers and a designed annual throughput capacity of 38.0 billion cubic meters. ~~In 2018, we started the construction~~The total length of the north ~~section. The north~~ section ~~has a designed length of 837 kilometers. We expect to complete construction~~ of the China-Russia East Natural Gas Pipeline is 715 kilometers, which has been completed and put into operation on December 2, 2019. The total length of the middle section will be 1,110 kilometers, which is expected to be completed and put into operation by ~~October 2023.~~November 2020. The total length of the south section will be 1,446 kilometers, which is expected to be completed and put into operation by June 2025.

In 2018, we started the construction of the Fujian-Guangdong branch line of the Third West-East Gas Pipeline, which has a total ~~designed~~ length of 575 kilometers and a designed annual throughput capacity of 5.8 billion cubic meters. We ~~expect to complete~~completed the construction of theGuangzhou-Chaozhou section byof the branch line in December 2019.

Crude Oil Transportation Infrastructure

We have an extensive network for transportation, storage and distribution of crude oil, which covers many regions of China. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had crude oil pipelines of ~~20,048~~20,091 kilometers. Our main crude oil pipelines in operation include the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline, the Western Crude Oil Pipeline, the Northeastern Crude Oil Pipeline and theLanzhou-Chengdu Crude Oil Pipeline.

Refined Product Transportation Infrastructure

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had refined product pipelines of ~~11,728~~13,762 kilometers. Our main refined product pipelines in operation include theLanzhou-Zhengzhou-Changsha Refined Oil Pipeline, the Western Refined Oil Pipeline, and theLanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing Refined Oil Pipeline. In ~~2018,~~2019, we completed the construction of ~~and put into use~~a major part of the~~Fushun-Jinzhou~~ Jinzhou-Zhengzhou Refined Oil Pipeline and ~~the Yunnan Refined Oil Pipeline. TheFushun-Jinzhou~~ Refined Oil Pipeline has a length of 431 kilometers with an annual throughput capacity of 7.5 million tons. The Yunnan Refined Oil Pipeline has a length of 951 kilometers with an annual throughput capacity of 8.7 million tons. Our main refined product pipeline underexpect to complete construction ~~is theJinzhou-Zhengzhou~~ ~~Refined Oil Pipeline, which is expected to be completed~~and put it into operation by the end of ~~2019.~~2020. This line has a total length of 1,666.12 kilometers and a designed throughput capacity of 13 million tons per annum.

During the past three years, we have not experienced any delays in delivering natural gas, crude oil and refined products due to pipeline capacity constraints.

Reform of the Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Operation Mechanism

government will carry out reforms of the oil and gas pipeline operation mechanism. An oil and gas pipeline network operator will be established, which will have diversified investors with state-owned capital holding the majority stake. The Opinion states that the PRC government will form an oil and gas market system with multi-channel suppliers in the upstream, an integrated pipeline network with high efficiency in themiddle-stream, and a fully competitive market in the downstream, to improve the efficiency of oil and gas resource allocation. ~~We believe~~On

May 24, 2019, a number of Chinese government agencies jointly issued the ~~reforms can promote~~Regulations on the ~~reasonable use~~Fair Opening of ~~pipeline resources~~Oil and ~~will intensify competition in the domestic~~Gas PipelineNetwork Facilities, pursuant to which, from May 24, 2019, oil and gas ~~industry.~~pipeline network operators shall providenon-discriminatory services of oil and gas transportation, storage, gasification, loading and unloading, transshipment to users who meet the accessing conditions; without proper reasons, they must not delay the signing of, or refuse to sign service contracts with users who meet the accessing conditions, and must not impose unreasonable requirements. On December 9, 2019, the Chinese government established China Oil & Gas Pipeline Network Corporation (the “National Pipeline Network Company”). The National Pipeline Network Company is in discussions with the Company regarding a possible acquisition of certain pipeline assets from the Company. As at the date of this report, no definitive agreement has been reached. For this potential transaction, the Company will continue to adhere to the principles of fairness, equality and marketization in order to serve the interests of the shareholders of the Company as a whole. Please refer to “Item 3 — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Government Regulation”

Competition

As an oil and gas company operating in a competitive industry, we compete in each of our business segments in both China and international markets for desirable business prospects and for customers. Our principal competitors in China are China Petrochemical Corporation, or Sinopec Group, and China National Offshore Oil Corporation, or CNOOC.

Exploration and Production Operations

We are the largest onshore oil and gas company in China in terms of proved crude oil and natural gas reserves as well as crude oil and natural gas production and sales. However, we compete with other domestic oil and gas companies for the acquisition of desirable crude oil and natural gas prospects. Similarly, we face some competition in the development of offshore oil and gas resources. In 2019, the Chinese government lifted the restrictions on foreign investment in oil and gas exploration and development, which had been limited to joint ventures and cooperation, introduced market competition mechanisms in the oil and gas industry to support private enterprises participating in oil and gas exploration and development. These policy changes mean that the barriers to entering the area of oil and gas exploration have been removed, and the Company’s exploration and development business may face heightened competition from foreign capital and private enterprises. In addition, the ~~gradual development~~competition of international energy supply has intensified, the~~low-cost~~ ~~shale gas~~ crude oil market continues to fluctuate, and ~~shale oil in the United States~~price volatility has ~~had a material effect on our business.~~become frequent. We believe that our experience in crude oil and natural gas exploration and production and our advanced exploration and development technologies that are suitable for the diverse geological conditions in China will enable us to maintain our dominant position in discovering and developing crude oil and natural gas reserves in China.

Refining and Chemicals Operations and Marketing Operations

We compete with our primary competitor Sinopec in our refining and chemicals operations and marketing operations on the basis of price, quality and customer service. Most of our refineries and chemical plants are located in the Northeastern and Northwestern regions of China where we have the dominant market share for refined products and chemical products. We sell the remainder of our refined products and chemical products to the Eastern, Southern, Southwestern andCentral-southern regions of China, where our products have a considerable market share. The Eastern and Southern regions of China, where refined products and chemical products are in higher demand, are important markets for our refined products and chemical products. Sinopec has a strong presence in the Eastern and Southern regions of China in competition with us, and most of Sinopec’s refineries, chemical plants and distribution networks are located in these regions in close proximity to these markets. Moreover, as the newly constructed facilities of CNOOC commenced operation in the same region, large quantity of chemical products have been marketed into that area, which made the competition even intense. We expect that we will continue to face competition in our refined products and chemical products sales in these regions.

In recent years, China has gradually liberalized the restrictions on market access for the refining and chemical industry. The refining and chemical industry led by us and Sinopec has been rapidly transformed into diversified market participants. Some large state-owned enterprises and private enterprises have entered the refining and chemical industry. Local refineries have rapidly emerged, and international refining and chemical companies have recently opened large refineries in China. The restrictions on foreign investment in wholesale and retail chains of refined oil have been further liberalized. In 2019, the Chinese government issued policies to further liberalize market access for private enterprises, encouraging private enterprises to enter the industries of refineries and sales, and to construct storage and transportation infrastructure for refined oil, and encourage qualified enterprises to participate in crude oil imports and refined oil exports. We expect to continue to face strong market competition.

We also face competition from imported refined products and chemical products in terms of price and quality. In recent years, competition from foreign producers of refined products and chemical products has increased ~~and the retail and wholesale markets in China for refined products and chemical products have been~~

~~gradually opened to foreign competition~~ as a result of ~~the~~ changes in China’s tariff policies toward imported refined products and chemical products. In response, we have sought to reduce our production costs, improve the quality of our products and optimize our product mix.

In addition, we also face competition from alternative energies. ~~For example,~~China has become the world’s largest user of new and renewable energy sources. The sharing economy and alternative energy sources are developing rapidly. As the preferential policies towards natural gas, electric ~~car, as~~power, hydrogen, and other sources of energy for vehicles have been implemented, alternative eneregies have been evolving iterately resulting in a ~~clean means of transport with “zero pollution and zero emission” has won the favor of the government. The central and local governments have imposed restrictions onoil-powered~~ cars, while encouraged electricity-powered cars. The alternative energy-powered cars, especially electric cars, will continue to grow. Despite the issues such as immature technologies, short range and limited infrastructure with respect to electric cars, with the importance attached by the central governments to the development of electric car batteries and electric car technologies and the focus given by the local government to the construction of electric car charging infrastructure, the advantages of electric cars will be fully demonstratedcontinous slow down in the ~~future. As a result, the impact~~growth rate of ~~the innovation of electric cars on us will become increasingly obvious and the effect of the~~ refined oil ~~being substituted will be even more prominent.~~consumption.

Natural Gas and Pipeline Operations

We are the largest natural gas supplier in the PRC in terms of sales volume. Currently, we mainly face competition from Sinopec, CNOOC,coal-based natural gas producers and importers of natural gas and LNG in the supply of natural gas to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province, Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Henan Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province and the Northwestern regions of China, our existing principal markets for natural gas. Currently, Sinopec has natural gas fields in Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality and sells natural gas to users in places such as Sichuan Province, Chongqing, Hunan Province, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Shanghai. We have also expanded into the coastal regions in Eastern and Southern China where we may face competition from CNOOC and Sinopec. The PRC government ~~recently~~has published ~~reforms~~reform policy with an aim to integrate existing pipeline resources for independent operation and ~~establish a national pipeline network, which is expected to~~ intensify market competition. (See “Item 3 — Risk Factors — Risks related to Government Regulation”, “Item 4 — Information on the Company — Natural Gas and Pipeline”) and “Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Trend Information”). We believe that our advantages in natural gas resources, production, sales and technologies will enable us to continue to be a dominant player in the natural gas markets in China.

See “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Competition”.

Environmental Matters

Like other companies in the industries in which we operate, we are subject to numerous national, regional and local environmental laws and regulations promulgated by the governments in those jurisdictions. These laws and regulations concern our oil and gas exploration and production operations, petroleum and petrochemical products and other activities. In particular, some of these laws and regulations:

require an environmental evaluation report to be submitted and approved prior to the commencement of exploration, production, refining and chemical projects;

restrict the type, quantities, and concentration of various substances that can be released into the environment in connection with drilling and production activities;

limit or prohibit drilling activities within protected areas and certain other areas; and

impose penalties for pollution resulting from oil, natural gas and petrochemical operations, including criminal and civil liabilities for serious pollution.

These laws and regulations may also restrict air emissions and discharges to surface and subsurface water resulting from the operation of natural gas processing plants, chemical plants, refineries, pipeline systems and other facilities that we own. In addition, our operations are subject to laws and regulations relating to the generation, handling, storage, transportation, disposal and treatment of solid waste materials.

We anticipate that the environmental laws and regulations to which we are subject will become increasingly strict and are therefore likely to have an increasing impact on our operations. It is difficult, however, to predict accurately the effect of future developments in such laws and regulations on our future earnings and operations. Some risk of environmental costs and liabilities is inherent in our operations and products, as it is with other companies engaged in similar businesses. We cannot assure you that material costs and liabilities will not be incurred. However, we do not currently expect any material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations as a result of compliance with such laws and regulations. We paid pollutant discharge fees of approximately ~~RMB388 million and~~ RMB333 million in ~~2016 and 2017, respectively.~~2017. In 2018, the PRC government began ~~charging~~to charge environmental protection tax instead of pollutant discharge fees. As we have adopted advanced pollution control technologies, some of our enterprises have obtained reductions of environmental protection tax. In 2018 and 2019, we paid a total environmental protection tax of approximately RMB140 ~~million.~~and RMB139 million, respectively.

To meet future environmental obligations, we are engaged in a continuous program to develop effective environmental protection measures. This program includes:

building environment-friendly projects;

reducing sulfur content in gasoline and diesel fuel;

reducing olefins and benzene content in gasoline, and continuously reducing emissions and effluents from our refineries and petrochemical plants; and

developing and installing monitoring systems at our pollutant discharge ~~openings and developing environmental impact assessments for construction projects.~~openings.

Our capital expenditures on environmental programs in ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 were approximately ~~RMB3.10 billion~~ RMB4.17 billion, RMB2.70 billion and ~~RMB2.70~~RMB2.30 billion, respectively.

Because a number of our production facilities are located in populated areas, we have established a series of preventative measures to improve the safety of our employees and surrounding residents and minimize disruptions or other adverse effects on our business. These measures include:

providing each household in areas surrounding our production facilities with printed materials to explain and illustrate safety and protection knowledge and skills; and

enhancing the implementation of various effective safety production measures we have adopted previously.

We believe that these preventative measures have helped reduce the possibility of incidents that may result in serious casualties and environmental consequences. In addition, the adoption of these preventative measures has not required significant capital expenditures to date, and therefore, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

See “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Environmental Protection and Safety” and “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Climate Change”.

Properties, Plants and Equipment

We own substantially all of our properties, plants and equipment relating to our business activities. We hold exploration and production licenses covering all of our interests in developed and undeveloped acreage, oil and natural gas wells and relevant facilities.

See the description of our properties, plants and equipment relating to our business activities included elsewhere in this “Item 4 — Information on the Company” and “Item 7 — Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions”.

Intellectual Property

Our company logo “ LOGO ” is jointly owned by us and CNPC and has been used since December 26, 2004. Together with CNPC, we have applied for trademark registrations of the logo with the State Trademark Bureau of the PRC. To date, most of our applications for registration of LOGO and our other trademarks have been approved and certain others are either in the process of review or public announcement phase. In addition, together with CNPC, we have applied for international trademark registration for our logo in other jurisdictions. We have received 506 International Trademark Registration Certificates for our logo covering more than 50 jurisdictions.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we owned approximately ~~15,800~~18,363 patents in China and other jurisdictions. We were granted ~~2,848~~2,742 patents in ~~China in 2018.~~2019.

Regulatory Matters

Overview

China’s oil and gas industry is subject to extensive regulation by the PRC government with respect to exploration, production, transmission and marketing of crude oil and natural gas as well as production, transportation and marketing of refined products and chemical products. The following central government authorities exercise control over China’s oil and gas industry:

The Ministry of Natural Resources, or the MNR, has the authority to grant, examine and approve mineral resources exploration and production licenses, and to oversee the registration and transfer of exploration and production licenses;

The Ministry of Commerce, or the MOFCOM,

sets and grants import and export volume quotas for crude oil and refined products in accordance with the market supply and demand in China as well as WTO requirements for China; and

issues import and export licenses for crude oil and refined products to oil and gas companies that have obtained import and export ~~quotas; and~~

~~issues licenses for sales and storage of crude oil, and wholesale and storage of refined oil products.~~quotas.

The National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC:

is responsible for industry administration, industry policy and policy coordination over China’s oil and gas industry;

publishes guidance prices for natural gas and maximum retail prices for certain refined products, including gasoline and diesel;

formulates the plan for aggregate import and export volume of crude oil and refined products in accordance with the market supply and demand in China;

approves significant petroleum, natural gas, oil refinery and chemical projects set forth under the Catalogs of Investment Projects Approved by the Central Government; and

approvesSino-foreign equity and cooperative projects of certain types.

Exploration Licenses and Production Licenses

TheMineral Resources Law authorizes the MNR to exercise administrative authority over the exploration and production of mineral resources within the PRC. TheMineral Resources Law and its supplementary regulations provide the basic legal framework under which exploration licenses and production licenses are granted. The MNR has the authority to issue mineral resources exploration licenses and production licenses. Applicants must be companies approved by the State Council to engage in oil and gas exploration and production activities.

Applicants for exploration licenses must first register with the MNR blocks in which they intend to engage in exploration activities. The holder of an exploration license is obligated to make a progressively increasing annual minimum exploration investment in each corresponding block. Investments range from RMB2,000 per square kilometer for the initial year to RMB5,000 per square kilometer for the second year, and to RMB10,000 per square kilometer for the third and subsequent years. Additionally, the holder has to pay an annual ~~exploration license~~mining right occupancy fee that starts at RMB100 per square kilometer for each of the first three years and increases by an additional RMB100 per square kilometer per year for subsequent years up to a maximum of RMB500 per square kilometer. The maximum term of an oil and natural gas exploration license is seven years, subject to renewal upon expiration of the original term, with each renewal being up to two years. At the exploration stage, an applicant can also apply for a progressive exploration and production license that allows the holder to test and

develop reserves not yet fully proven. Upon the detection and confirmation of the quantity of reserves in a certain

block, the holder must apply for a production license based on economic evaluation, market conditions and development planning in order to shift into the production phase in a timely fashion. In addition, the holder needs to obtain the right to use that block of land. Generally, the holder of a full production license must obtain a land use rights certificate for industrial land use covering that block of land.

The MNR issues production licenses to applicants on the basis of the reserves reports approved by the relevant authorities. Production license holders are required to pay an annual production right usage fee of RMB1,000 per square kilometer. Administrative rules issued by the State Council provide that the maximum term of a production license is 30 years, 20 years, or 10 years as applicable to large, medium and small mineral blocks, respectively. In accordance with a special approval from the State Council, the MNR has issued production licenses with terms coextensive with the projected productive life of the assessed proven reserves as discussed above. Each of our production licenses is renewable upon our application 30 days prior to expiration. If oil and gas prices increase, the productive life of our crude oil and natural gas reservoirs may be extended beyond the current terms of the relevant production licenses.

Among the major PRC oil and gas companies, the exploration licenses and production licenses held by us, Sinopec and CNOOC account for the majority of mining rights in China. Among those companies, we and Sinopec primarily engage in onshore exploration and production, while CNOOC primarily engages in offshore exploration and production. According to the new policies of the Chinese government, private enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises are expected to obtain exploration licenses in the future.

Pricing

Crude Oil

According to theMeasures for Administration of Petroleum Products Price issuedby NDRC on January 13, 2016, crude oil prices shall be ~~market oriented.~~determined by the market. We and Sinopec set the crude oil median prices each month based on the average international market FOB prices for crude oil of different grades in the previous month. In addition, we and Sinopec negotiate a premium or discount to reflect transportation costs, the differences in oil quality and the supply and demand.

Refined Products

The prices of our gasoline and diesel products are subject to government regulation.

On December 18, 2008, the NDRC issued theNotice on Implementing Price and Tax Reform of Refined Oil,which improved the pricing mechanism for refined oil products. Under the improved mechanism, the domesticex-factory prices of refined oil products are determined on the basis of the relevant international crude oil prices, by taking into consideration the average domestic processing cost, tax and apre-determined profit margin. The prices of diesel and gasoline continue to follow the government guiding prices. The highest retail price set for gasoline and diesel is calculated by using the relevantex-factory price and a determined profit margin for retailing activities.

On March 26, 2013, the NDRC issued theNotice on Further Improvement of Refined Oil Pricing Mechanismand the amended and restatedMeasures for Oil Prices Management (on trial). Under this new system, (i) the price adjustment period was shortened from 22 working days to 10 and the 4% limit on the price adjustment range was eliminated; (ii) the composition of the basket of crudes to which refined oil products prices are linked was adjusted in light of the composition of the imported crudes and changes in crudes trading on the international market; and (iii) the refined oil products pricing mechanism was further enhanced.

In order to promote the oil product quality upgrading, on September 16, 2013, the NDRC issued theCircular regarding Relevant Opinions on the Pricing Policy for Oil Product Quality Upgrading, pursuant to

which the price increase standard for theauto-use gasoline and diesel upgraded to China IV Standard shall be set as RMB290 per ton and RMB370 per ton, respectively, and the price increase standard for theauto-use gasoline and diesel upgraded from China IV to China V Standard shall be set at RMB170 per ton and RMB160 per ton, respectively.

On January 12, 2015, the NDRC issued theNotice on Reducing Domestic Refined Oil Prices, pursuant to which, since January 13, 2015, the price for No. 98 gasoline is to be determined by the production and operation enterprises themselves.

On January 13, 2016, the NDRC issued theNotice on Issues Concerning Further Improving the Pricing Mechanism for Refined Oiland its exhibit Regulation on Oil Pricing, pursuant to which, starting from January 13, 2016, downward adjustment of the refined oil price is subject to a floor of US$40 per barrel. Accordingly, when the international crude oil price drops to US$40 per barrel or below, the refined oil price in China shall not be adjusted downwards and the unadjusted amount shall be allocated to the reserve fund to be used for energy saving, reduction of emission, improving the oil quality and securing a safe supply of refined oil. When the international crude oil price surges to US$130 per barrel or above, appropriate financial and taxation policies shall be adopted to ensure the production and supply of refined oil but the refined oil price shall in principle remain unadjusted or shall only be slightly adjusted upwards. This regulation also liberalized theex-factory price of liquefied petroleum gas.

On December 15, 2016, the Ministry of Finance (“MOF”) and NDRC issuedCirculation on Collection of Risk Reserves for Oil Price Control (the “Rules”), pursuant to which, effective January 13, 2016, when the price of crude oil in international market drops below the lower limit set by the Chinese government, domestic enterprises which are engaged in production, commissioned processing and import and export of such refined oil products as gasoline and diesel shall make full payment of risk reserves according to sales volumes and the corresponding collection rates. “Sales volumes” refer to the actual sales volumes of such enterprises between the two adjacent window periods of price adjustment. Collection rates for risk reserves are determined with reference to the unadjusted prices of refined oil products. The NDRC and the MOF jointly determine the collection rates on a quarterly basis and notify the collection agencies in writing.

On December 22, 2016, MOF issuedNotice on Proper Collection of Risk Reserves for Oil Price Adjustment in 2016, pursuant to which, if the subsidiaries (limited to listed companies) of CNPC, Sinopec and CNOOC have already recognized the risk reserves accrued as operation revenue, such subsidiaries may opt to have such risk reserves to be paid by their parent companies out of the net profit.

Aviation Kerosene

Theex-factory price of aviation kerosene is ~~currently~~ determined by the supply and demand parties subject to a limit of the CIF price in the Singapore market.

Chemical Products

We determine the prices of all of our chemical products based on market conditions.

Natural Gas

On June 28, 2013, the NDRC announced the initiation of a program for the adjustment of natural gas prices from July 10, 2013. The program consists of (i) changing the pricing mechanism of natural gas fromex-factory price to citygate price, and no longer differentiating the prices payable by users in different provinces; (ii) establishing the mechanism linking the citygate price of natural gas to the price of alternative energy with a view to gradually shift to a market-driven pricing mechanism for natural gas; (iii) adopting differential pricing approaches towards the existing usage and the incremental usage so as to establish as soon as practicable a new pricing mechanism for natural gas while reducing the impact that the pricing reform will have on existing gas users.

On August 10, 2014, based on the natural gas price reform roadmap, the NDRC issued price adjustment programs for non-residential use stock natural gas, pursuant to which, effective September 1, 2014, (i) the natural gas citygate price for non-residential use was increased by RMB400 per thousand cubic meters; (ii) no adjustment will be made to the citygate price for natural gas consumed by residential users; and (iii) further action will be taken to implement the policy in connection with the liberalization of the sales price of imported liquefied natural gas and theex-factory prices for shale gas, coal-seam gas and coal gas.

On February 26, 2015, the NDRC announced the unification of the prices of domestic natural gas of existing and incremental gas volume starting from April 1, 2015.

On November 18, 2015, the NDRC announced the reduction of the price of natural gas fornon-residential use from November 20, 2015, whereby the citygate price ceiling for non-resident users was decreased by RMB700 per thousand cubic meters while the preferential policy and price for natural gas used by fertilizer makers remain unchanged. With a view to improve the market-driven pricing mechanism for natural gas, since November 20, 2016, suppliers andnon-residential users can negotiate prices of natural gas up to 20% above the benchmark price fornon-residential use.

On October 15, 2016, the NDRC issuedClarifying the Price Policy for Gas Storage Facilities, which announced that the prices for natural gas purchase and sale to be conducted by and the prices of gas storage services to be provided by the gas storage facilities shall be formed through the operation of market.

On November 5, 2016, NDRC issuedNotice on Enhancing Price Liberalization for Gas Used as Fertilizer Feedstock, pursuant to which, effective November 10, 2016, prices for gas used as fertilizer feedstock were fully liberalized and subject to negotiations between the vendors and the purchasers. It encourages the trading of the natural gas used by fertilizer makers in the oil and gas exchange centers in order to achieve open and transparent pricing of gas as fertilizer feedstock.

On November 11, 2016, the NDRC issuedNotice on Relevant Issues concerning the Price Policy for Natural Gas Citygate Price in Fujian Province, which expressly liberated the citygate natural gas price in Fujian Province and made Fujian the first province that would implement fully liberated citygate natural gas price.

On August 29, 2017, the NDRC issuedNotice on Reduction of the Benchmark Citygate Price ofNon-residential Natural Gas, which reduced the benchmark city gate price of non-residential natural gas by RMB100 per thousand cubic meters effective September 1, 2017.

On May 25, 2018, NDRC issuedNotice on Straightening Out the Citygate Price of Natural Gas for Residential Use (the “Notice”), pursuant to which, effective June 10, 2018, prices of natural gas for residential use will no longer be subject to the highest citygate price limit. Instead, the suppliers and users may negotiate prices up to 120% of the reference base rate, which is the same as the base rate fornon-residential use. The citygate price of natural gas for residential use may not be increased until the first anniversary of the Notice. According to the Notice, where there is a significant difference between the price of natural gas for residential use andnon-residential use, any increase in the citygate price for residential use may not exceed RMB350 per thousand cubic meters in the first year, with any remaining price difference to be rolled over into subsequent years. The policy also rolled out seasonal natural gas prices with a view to encourage market-oriented pricing.

On March 27, 2019, NDRC issued theNotice of the NDRC on Adjusting The Citygate Benchmark Price of Natural Gas, pursuant to which, benchmark citygate price of natural gas in each province, autonomous region and municipality was adjusted from April 1, 2019 in light of the adjustment of natural gas value-added tax rate.

Pipeline Transmission Tariff

Pipeline transmission tariffs for crude oil, refined oil and natural gas are set by the government. Cross province transmission tariffs are set by the NDRC and provincial transmission tariffs are set by the provincial level branches of the NDRC.

For those pipelines constructed prior to 1984, which were funded by the government, the transmission tariff is a uniform flat tariff determined based on the principle of minimum profit margin. For those pipelines

constructed with the funds of the enterprises after 1984, the tariffs must be submitted to the NDRC for examination and approval on a case by case basis and based on the capital investment made in the pipeline, the operation period for the pipeline and a reasonable profit margin.

On October 9, 2016, the NDRC issuedRegulation on Administration of the Pipeline Transmission Tariff for Natural Gas (on trial) andRules on Supervision and Review of the Costs Used in Setting the Pipeline Transmission Tariff (on trial), which provides that effective January 1, 2017, the pipeline transmission tariff for natural gas shall be reviewed and determined on the principle of “permissible costs plus reasonable margins”, and the rules intended to regulate the tariff charged by companies engaged in cross-province pipeline transmission operation.

On August 29, 2017, the NDRC issued theNotice on Approving the Inter-provincial Natural Gas Pipeline Transmission Tariff”, which published the transmission tariff for 13 inter-provincial pipelines companies including PetroChina Beijing Natural Gas Pipeline Co., Ltd. and others.

On March 27, 2019, the NDRC issued the Notice on Adjusting the Inter-provincial Pipeline Natural Gas Transmission ~~Traffiff~~Tariff, which adjusted the transmission tariff for 13 inter-provincial pipelines companies including PetroChina Beijing Natural Gas Pipeline Co., Ltd. and others.

Production and Marketing

Crude Oil

Each year, the NDRC publishes the projected target for the production and process of crude oil in China based on the domestic consumption estimates submitted by domestic producers, including but not limited to us, Sinopec and CNOOC, the production of these companies as well as the forecast of international crude oil prices. The actual production volumes are determined by the producers themselves and may vary from estimates. ~~On December 4, 2016, MOFCOM issued~~The Ministry of Commerce and its local branches are responsible for supervising and managing the ~~amended~~~~Measures on~~crude oil market. Enterprises that meet certain operating conditions may apply for the ~~Administration of the Refined Products Market~~~~, pursuant to which, effective January 1, 2007, qualified foreign investors are allowed to establish~~permit for crude oil sales and ~~invest in enterprises that conduct crude oil~~warehousing business.

Refined Products

Previously, only we, Sinopec and joint ventures of the two companies had the right to conduct gasoline and diesel wholesale business. Other companies, including foreign invested companies, were not allowed to engage in wholesale of gasoline and diesel in China’s domestic market. In general, only domestic companies, includingSino-foreign joint venture companies, were permitted to engage in retail of gasoline and diesel. Since December 11, 2004, whollyforeign-owned enterprises are permitted to conduct refined oil retail business. Since January 1, 2007, when theMeasures on the Administration of the Refined Products Marketbecame effective, all entities meeting certain requirements are allowed to submit applications to the MOFCOM to conduct refined oil products wholesale, retail and storage businesses. On July 28, 2018, the PRC government removed the restriction that a Chinese partner must hold a majority share in the construction and operation of a retail oil station chain which has more than 30 outlets and sells refined products of different types and brands supplied through multiple channels. On August 27, 2019, the State Council canceled government approval of qualifications for operation of refined oil wholesale warehousing and delegated the approval of refined oil retail qualifications to local municipal governments.

Natural Gas

The NDRC determines each year the annual national natural gas production target based on the natural gas production targets submitted by domestic natural gas producers. Domestic natural gas producers determine their

annual natural gas production targets on the basis of consumption estimates. The actual production volume of each producer is determined by the producer itself, which may deviate from the production target submitted by it. The NDRC also formulates the annual natural gas supply guideline, which requires natural gas producers to distribute a specified amount of natural gas to the designated key municipalities and key enterprises.

Foreign Investments

Cooperation in Exploration and Production with Foreign Companies

Currently, CNPC is one of the few Chinese companies that have the right to cooperate with foreign companies in onshore crude oil and natural gas exploration and production in China. CNOOC has the right to cooperate with foreign companies in offshore crude oil and natural gas exploration and production in China.

Sino-foreign cooperation projects and foreign parties in onshore oil and gas exploration and production in China are generally selected through open bids and bilateral negotiations. Those projects are generally conducted through production sharing contracts. The MOFCOM must approve those contracts.

As authorized by the Regulations of the PRC on Exploration of Onshore Petroleum Resources in Cooperation with Foreign Enterprises, CNPC has the right to enter into joint cooperation arrangements with foreign oil and gas companies for onshore crude oil and natural gas exploration and production. We do not have the capacity to enter into production sharing contracts directly with foreign oil and gas companies under existing PRC law. Accordingly, CNPC will enter into production sharing contracts. After signing a production sharing contract, CNPC will, subject to approval of the MOFCOM, assign to us most of its commercial and operational rights and obligations under the production sharing contract as required by theNon-competition Agreement between CNPC and us.

In 2019, the Chinese government lifted the restrictions on foreign investment in oil and gas exploration. As a result, foreign companies are allowed to enter the oil and gas exploration and production sector by wholly-owned enterprieses.

Transportation and Refining

Since December 1, 2007, PRC regulations have encouraged foreign investment in the construction and operation of oil and gas pipelines and storage facilities. On March 10, 2015, PRC lifted the restrictions on foreign investment in refineries with a production capacity of below 10 million tons per annum. Furthermore, when appropriate, projects must receive necessary approvals from relevant PRC government agencies. See “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Government Regulation.”

The State Further Liberalized Oil And Gas Market Access

On June 30, 2019, the NDRC and the MOFCOM jointly issuedSpecial Management Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2019 Edition), pursuant to which, the restrictions on oil and gas exploration and development that were previously limited to joint ventures and cooperation were lifted.

On December 22, 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued theOpinions on Creating a Better Development Environment to Support the Reform and Development of Private Enterprises, which further liberalized market access for private enterprises. It states that in key industries and fields such as power, telecommunications, railways, oil and gas, the state liberalizes competitive businesses and further introduces market competition mechanisms. It encourages private enterprises to enter the industries of oil and gas exploration and development, refining and sales, and construction of infrastructures such as storage, transportation and pipeline transportation of crude oil, natural gas and refined oil. It encourages qualified enterprises to participate in crude oil imports and refined oil exports.

Import and Export

Since January 1, 2002,state-owned trading companies have been allowed to import crude oil under an automatic licensing system.Non-state-owned trading companies have been allowed to import crude oil and refined products subject to quotas. The export of crude oil and refined oil products by bothstate-owned trading companies andnon-state-owned trading companies is subject to quota control. The MOFCOM has granted us the right to conduct crude oil and refined product import and export business.

Capital Investment and Financing

Capital investments in exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas made by Chinese oil and gas companies are subject to approval by or filing with relevant government authorities. The following projects are subject to approval by the NDRC or the competent local authorities:

facilities for taking delivery of and storing liquefied petroleum gas (excluding accessory projects of oil or gas fields or refineries);

new facilities for taking delivery of or storing imported liquefied natural gas (including expansion on a different site other than the original facilities);

oil or gas transmission pipeline networks (excluding gathering and transmission pipeline networks of oil or gas fields);

new refineries, expansion of existing primary processing refineries;

new ethylene, paraxylene (PX), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) projects; and

newcoal-to-olefins projects, new coal to paraxylene (PX) projects, and newcoal-to-methanol projects with a capacity of 1 million tons per annum or more.

Taxes, Fees and Royalties

We are subject to a variety of taxes, fees and royalties. The table below sets forth the major taxes, fees and royalty fees payable by us or by Sino-foreign oil and gas exploration and development cooperative projects. Our subsidiaries which have legal person status should report and pay enterprise income tax to the relevant tax authorities based on the applicable laws and regulations.


Tax Item	Tax Base	Tax Rate
Enterprise income tax	Taxable income	25%, or 15% for qualified taxpayers in certain western regions of ~~China~~China.

Value-added tax	Revenue	Prior to July 1, 2017, value added tax rates were 17%, 13%, 11% and 6%, as applicable. In particular, 13% was for liquefied natural gas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, agricultural film and fertilizers and 17% for oil products and other products. Effective July 1, 2017, the rate of 13% was canceled and the applicable rate for natural gas has been changed from 13% to 11%. Effective May 1, 2018, the rate of 17% was changed to 16% and the rate of 11% was changed to 10%. Effective April 1, 2019, the rate of 16% was changed to 13% and the rate of 10% was changed to 9%. Since May 1, 2016, as a result of the reform of value-added tax in lieu of business tax, certain sectors such as real estate, engineering construction, financial and other sectors, which previously were subject to business tax, have been subject to value-added tax instead.



Consumption tax	Aggregate volume sold orself-consumed	RMB1.52 per liter for gasoline, naphtha, solvent naphtha and lubricant and RMB1.2 per liter for diesel, aviation kerosene and fuel oil. Collection of taxes on aviation kerosene continues to be suspended.

Resource tax	Sales	6%, exemption or reduction may apply if qualified. From April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2021, shale gas production enjoys a 30% reduction.

Crude oil special gain levy	Sales amount above specific threshold	Five-level progressive tax rates from 20% to 40%, taxable if the crude oil price reaches the threshold of US$65 per barrel.

Environmental protection tax	Air pollution equivalent, water pollution equivalent, solid waste pollution equivalent and noise exceeding the standard decibel	Effective January 1, 2018, the PRC government started to impose environmental protection tax. Different emissions apply their corresponding tax rates. If a taxpayer’s emission of taxable atmospheric pollutants or water pollutants is less than 30% of the national and local pollutant discharge standards, the environmental protection tax shall be levied at 75%. If the taxpayer’s emission of taxable atmospheric pollutants or water pollutants is less than 50% of the national and local pollutant discharge


		standards, the environmental protection tax shall be levied at 50%.

Mining right occupancy fees⁽¹⁾	Area	RMB100 to RMB500 per square kilometer per year for exploration; RMB1,000 per square kilometer per year for production.

Royalty fee⁽²⁾⁽¹⁾	Production volume	Progressive rate of0-12.5% for crude oil and0-3% for natural ~~gas~~gas.

(1)	~~Effective April 13, 2017, the exploration license fee and production license fee were renamed as mining right occupancy fees.~~

~~(2)~~

It shall be paid in cash and is only applicable to Sino-foreign oil and gas exploration and development cooperative projects in China. However, effective December 1, 2010, the royalty fee payable by new Sino-foreign oil and gas exploration and development cooperative projects in Western regions was replaced by the resource tax, while those cooperative projects under contracts signed before December 1, 2010 continue to be subject to the royalty fee until the contracts expire. Effective November 1, 2011, the royalty fee payable by new Sino-foreign oil and gas exploration and development cooperative projects in the whole country was replaced by the resource tax, while those cooperative projects under contracts signed before November 1, 2011 continue to be subject to the royalty fee until the contracts expire.

Environmental Regulations

We are subject to various PRC national environmental laws and regulations and also environmental regulations promulgated by the local governments in whose jurisdictions we have operations. The PRC government has adopted extensive environmental laws and regulations that affect the operation of the oil and gas industry. There are national and local standards applicable to emissions control, discharges to surface and subsurface water and disposal, ~~and the~~ generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of solid waste ~~materials.~~materials, reduction of carbon emission and upgrade of the standards for refined products.

The environmental regulations require a company, such as us, to register or file an environmental impact report with the relevant environmental authority for approval before it undertakes any construction of a new production facility or any major expansion or renovation of an existing production facility. The new facility or

the expanded or renovated facility will not be permitted to operate unless the relevant environmental authority has inspected the environmental equipment installed at the facility and decides it satisfies the environmental protection requirements. Companies that need to discharge pollutants, whether in the form of gas, water or solid wastes, must submit application for pollutant discharge permits. The application must state in detail the types of discharge, discharge outlet, types of pollutants, concentration and amount of discharge. After reviewing the application materials, the relevant environmental administrative department will determine to issue a discharge permit to the company, specifying the types of permitted pollutants, the permitted concentration and amount. If a company’s discharges deviated from what were permitted, the relevant administrative department may impose fines on the company or order the company to suspend or close down its operation for resolving the issues. In addition, companies discharging taxable pollutants should declare and pay corresponding environmental protection taxes in accordance with the PRC Environmental Protection Tax Law and its implementing regulations.

In recent years, the Chinese government has endeavored to promotelow-carbon and emission reduction policies and has set a goal of increasing the proportion ofnon-fossil energy consumption. In order to reduce environmental pollution, the Chinese government has also raised the standards of oil products several times in recent years. After several years of upgrading and renovating our oil refining facilities, we have satisfied the relevant standards on time. In addition, we are also required to comply with relevant laws and regulations regarding management of hazardous chemicals.

Item 4A — UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

We do not have any unresolved staff comment.

Item 5— OPERATINGAND FINANCIAL REVIEWAND PROSPECTS

General

You should read the following discussion together with our consolidated financial statements and their notes included elsewhere in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. The comparative data for 2017 and 2018 throughout this Item 5 was restated to reflect our acquisition of the interest in Dalian West Pacific as if it was consolidated since the earliest year presented. Please refer to “Item 4 — Information on the Company — Acquisitions and Divestment” and Note 40 to our consolidated financial statements. In addition, we have initially applied IFRS 16 on January 1, 2019 and IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 on January 1, 2018. According to the adopted transition plan, the comparative data for 2017 and 2018 throughout this Item 5 has not been restated. For a detailed description of the changes and impacts of these accounting standards, please refer to “Note 3 (aa) New Accounting Standards” in our financial statements.

Overview

We are engaged in a broad range of petroleum and natural gas related activities, including:

~~the~~ exploration, development, production and sale of crude oil and natural gas;

~~the~~ refining of crude oil and petroleum products, and ~~the~~ production and marketing of basic petrochemical products, derivative chemical products and other chemical products;

marketing and trading of refined oil ~~products and trading;~~products; and

~~the~~ transmission of natural gas, crude oil and refined oil products as well as ~~the~~ sale of natural gas.

We are China’s largest producer of crude oil and natural gas and are one of the largest companies in China in terms of revenue. In ~~2018,~~2019, we produced approximately ~~890.3~~909.3 million barrels of crude oil and approximately ~~3,607.6~~

3,908.0 Bcf of natural gas for sale. Our refineries processed approximately ~~1,122.8~~1,228.4 million barrels of crude oil in ~~2018.~~2019. In ~~2018, we had~~2019, our revenue ~~of RMB2,353,588~~was RMB2,516,810 million and net profit attributable to owners of the Company ~~of RMB52,591~~was RMB45,682 million.

Factors Affecting Results of Operations

Our results of operations and theperiod-to-period comparability of our financial results are affected by a number of external factors, including changes in the prices, production and sales volume of our principal products, operating costs and the regulatory environment.

Prices of Principal Products

The fluctuations in the prices of crude oil, refined products, chemical products and natural gas have a significant impact on our revenue. See “Item 4 — Information on the Company — Regulatory Matters — Pricing” for a more detailed discussion of current PRC pricing regulations and “Item 3 — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Pricing and Exchange Rate”.

The table below sets forth the average realized prices of our principal products in ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019.

   2016    2017    2018
Crude oil (US$/barrel)
   37.99    50.64    68.28
Natural gas (US$/thousand cubic feet)⁽¹⁾
   5.73    6.30    7.13
Gasoline (US$/barrel)
   101.41    111.26    124.88
Kerosene (US$/barrel)
   54.67    66.60    86.84
Diesel (US$/barrel)
   82.84    90.84    110.38

~~(1)~~

Natural gas citygate price. As the sales volume of urban gas was included in the sales volume of natural gas beginning in 2018, the average realized prices for 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively adjusted by applying the same approach.


	2017		2018		2019
Crude oil (US$/barrel)		50.64		68.28		60.96
Natural gas (US$/thousand cubic feet)		5.18		5.85		5.39
Gasoline (US$/barrel)		111.26		124.88		110.63
Kerosene (US$/barrel)		66.57		86.73		78.08
Diesel (US$/barrel)		90.84		110.38		102.16

Production and Sales Volume for Oil and Gas Products

Our results of operations are also affected by production and sales volumes. Our crude oil and natural gas production volumes depend primarily on the level of the proved developed reserves in the fields in which we have an interest, as well as other factors such as the general ~~economic~~macroeconomic environment and market supply and demand ~~conditions.~~conditions, while the sales of crude oil, natural gas, refined oil and chemical products are subject to marketing capabilities and competitive environment.

Operating costs

The general macroeconomic environment and market supply and demand conditions may also affect our operating costs. For example, labor costs and the price index (CPI) in general in the countries where we operate are affected by the global and local macroeconomic environment. Changes in commodity prices may also affect our operating costs, as it would affect our ability to pass on the change in such commodity prices through a change in the prices of our products.

Regulatory Environment

Our operating activities are subject to extensive regulations and control by the PRC government, including the issuance of exploration and production licenses, the imposition of industry-specific taxes orproduct-specific taxes and levies and the implementation of environmental policies and safety standards. Our results of operations will be affected by any future changes of such regulatory environment.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires our management to select and apply significant accounting policies, the application of which may require management to make judgments and

estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of our financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Notwithstanding the presentation of our principal accounting policies in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report, we have identified the accounting policies below as most critical to our business operations and the understanding of our financial condition and results of operations presented in accordance with IFRS. Although these estimates are based on our management’s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results ultimately may differ from those estimates.

Accounting for Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Activities

We use the successful efforts method of accounting, with specialized accounting rules that are unique to the oil and gas industry, for oil and gas exploration and production activities. Under this method, geological and geophysical costs incurred are expensed when incurred. However, all costs for developmental wells, support equipment and facilities, and proved mineral interests in oil and gas properties are capitalized. Costs of exploratory wells are capitalized as construction in progress pending determination of whether the wells find proved reserves. For exploratory wells located in regions that do not require substantial capital expenditures before the commencement of production, the evaluation of the economic benefits of the reserves in such wells will be completed within one year following the completion of the exploration drilling. Where such evaluation indicates that no economic benefits can be obtained, the relevant costs of exploratory wells will be converted to dry well exploration expenses. The relevant costs will be classified as oil and gas assets and go through impairment review if the evaluation indicates that economic benefits can be obtained. For wells with economically viable reserves in areas where a major capital expenditure would be required before production can begin, the related well costs remain capitalized only if additional drilling is under way or firmly planned. Otherwise the well costs are expensed as dry wells. We have no material costs of unproved properties capitalized in oil and gas properties.

Oil and Gas Reserves

The estimation of the quantities of recoverable oil and gas reserves in oil and gas fields is integral to effective management of our exploration and production operations. Because of the subjective judgments involved in developing and assessing such information, engineering estimates of the quantities of recoverable oil and gas reserves in oil and gas fields are inherently imprecise and represent only approximate amounts.

Before estimated oil and gas reserves are designated as “proved”, certain engineering criteria must be met in accordance with industry standards and the regulations of the SEC. Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated

quantities of crude oil and natural gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulation before the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether the estimate is a deterministic estimate or probabilistic estimate. Therefore, these estimates do not include probable or possible reserves. Our proved reserves estimates are ~~updated~~assessed or audited annually by independent, qualified and experienced oil and gas reserves engineering firms in the United States ~~Singapore~~ and Canada. Our oil and gas reserves engineering department has policies and procedures in place to ensure that these estimates are consistent with these authoritative guidelines. Among other factors required by authoritative guidelines, this estimation takes into account recent information about each field, including production and seismic information, estimated recoverable reserves of each well, and oil and gas prices and operating costs as of the date the estimate is made. The price shall be the average price during the12-month period before the ending date of the period covered by this report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of thefirst-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions. The costs shall be that prevailing at the end of the period.

Despite the inherent imprecision in these engineering estimates, estimated proved oil and gas reserves quantity has a direct impact on certain amounts reported in the financial statements. In addition to the capitalization of costs related to oil and gas properties on the balance sheet discussed earlier, estimated proved reserves also impact the calculation of depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses of oil and gas properties. The cost of oil and gas properties is amortized at the field level on the unit of production method. Unit of production rates are based on the total oil and gas reserves estimated to be recoverable from existing facilities based on the current terms of our production licenses. Our reserves estimates include only crude oil and natural gas which the management believes can be reasonably produced within the current terms of the production licenses that are granted by the Ministry of Natural Resources, ranging from 30 years to 55 years from the effective date of issuance in March 2000, renewable upon application 30 days prior to expiration. Consequently, the impact of changes in estimated proved reserves is reflected prospectively by amortizing the remaining book value of the oil and gas property assets over the expected future production. If proved reserves estimates are revised downward, earnings could be affected by higher depreciation expense or an immediatewrite-down of the property’s book value had the downward revisions been significant See “— Property, Plant and Equipment” below. Given our large number of producing properties in our portfolio, and the estimated proved reserves, it is unlikely that any changes in reserves estimates will have a significant effect on prospective charges for depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses.

In addition, due to the importance of these estimates in understanding the perceived value and future cash flows of a company’s oil and gas operations, we have also provided supplemental disclosures of “proved” oil and gas reserves estimates prepared in accordance with authoritative guidelines elsewhere in this annual report.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Where it is probable that property, plant and equipment, including oil and gas properties, will generate future economic benefits, their costs are initially recorded in the consolidated statement of financial position as assets. Cost represents the purchase price of the asset and other costs incurred to bring the asset into ~~existing~~expected use. Subsequent to their initial recognition, property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization (including any impairment).

Depreciation, to write off the cost of each asset, other than oil and gas properties, to their residual values over their estimated useful lives is calculated using thestraight-line method.

The Company uses the following useful lives for depreciation purposes:


Buildings and plant			8-40 years
Equipment and machinery			4-30 years
Motor vehicles			4-14 years
Other			5-12 years

No depreciation is provided on construction in progress until the assets are completed and ready for use.

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

In forming the relevant estimates and assumptions for impairment tests by our management, our internal professional team (including operations and finance teams) forms a preliminary conclusion by reference to the external institutions’ analysis reports and our historical financial data, and taking into account current economic conditions and our business plans. Then, the preliminary conclusion is reviewed and approved by the management. The approved estimates and assumptions are then utilized by our subsidiaries and branches to perform the impairment tests.

When determining whether there are indications of impairment for oil and gas properties, we consider internal factors, mainly including the decline of production and reserves volumes at the late development stage of certain oil blocks and a significant drop in economic benefits of certain oil blocks resulting from the lower price of crude oil, and external factors, mainly including a significant drop in international prices of crude oil, resulting from the imbalance of supply and demand of ~~global~~ crude oil. When an indication of impairment of certain oil blocks is identified, we will perform the impairment tests on the oil blocks. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the cash-generating unit exceeds the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Value in use is determined by reference to the discounted expected future cash flows to be derived from the cash-generating unit.

The expectedmedium-to-long-term future international prices of crude oil utilized by us when estimating the expected future cash flows are determined mainly based upon the forecast of the international prices of crude oil made by principal international investment institutions combined with the judgment and analysis of the future trends of international prices of crude oil made by us. We calculated the expected future cash flows of each oil block according to the estimates of future production volume levels per year stated in the oil and gas reserves reports, the estimates of operation costs of oil and gas made by us, and taking into account its future capital expenditure plan. We refer to the weighted average cost of capital of the oil and gas industry when determining the discount rate and makes relevant adjustments according to specific risks in different countries or regions. In the year ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, the after-tax discount rates adopted by most of our oil and gas regions were between 7.6% ~~and~~- 11.0%, 7.3% - 11.5%, and ~~between 7.3% and 11.5%~~6.4% - 15.4%, respectively.

Given the broad scope of our property, plant and equipment, the impairment test involves numerous assumptions, which are interrelated to each other to a certain extent. For example, the estimates and judgments

with respect to the product mix, production costs and oil and gas reserves may vary along with the changes in crude oil prices. The sensitivity analysis performed after taking into account the interrelationship among all of the estimates and judgments would be neither cost efficient nor time efficient. As a result, the management believes that a sensitivity analysis of relevant assumptions on impairment is not practicable. Favorable changes to some assumptions might have avoided the need to impair any assets or make it necessary to reverse an impairment loss recognized in prior periods, whereas unfavorable changes might have caused an additional unknown number of other assets to become impaired, or resulted in larger impacts on impaired assets.

Our operating results in the following fiscal year may deviate from management’s estimates or judgments. This would require an adjustment to the provision for impairment of the property, plant and equipment disclosed in Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements.

Gains and losses on disposals of property, plant and equipment are determined by reference to their carrying amounts and are recorded in the consolidated profit or loss.

Interest and other costs on borrowings to finance the purchase and construction of property, plant and equipment are capitalized during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use. Costs for repairs and maintenance activities are expensed as incurred except for costs of components that result in improvements or betterments which are capitalized as part of property, plant and equipment and depreciated over their useful lives.

Asset Retirement Obligation

Provision is recognized for the future decommissioning and restoration of oil and gas properties. The amounts of the provision recognized are the present values of the estimated future expenditures. The estimation of the future expenditures is based on current local conditions and requirements, including legal requirements, technology, price level, etc. In addition to these factors, the present values of these estimated future expenditures are also impacted by the estimation of the economic lives of oil and gas properties. Changes in any of these estimates will impact the operating results and the financial position of the Company over the remaining economic lives of the oil and gas properties.

Operating Results

The following discussion is based on our historical results of operations. As a result of the factors discussed above, such results of operations may not be indicative of our future operating performance.

Our statement of comprehensive income for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 is summarized in the table below.

   Year Ended December 31,
   2016 2017 2018
   (RMB in millions)
Revenue
   1,616,903 2,015,890 2,353,588
Operating expenses
   (1,556,268 ) (1,948,168 ) (2,232,591 )
Profit from operations
   60,635 67,722 120,997
Exchange gain/(loss), net
   1,257 (1,094 ) 1,145
Interest expense, net
   (20,857 ) (19,507 ) (18,583 )
Share of profit of affiliates and joint ventures
   4,105 5,968 11,647
Profit before income tax expense
   45,140 53,089 115,206
Income tax expense
   (15,768 ) (16,296 ) (42,790 )
Profit for the year attributable tonon-controlling interests
   21,515 13,995 19,825
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company
   7,857 22,798 52,591


	Year Ended December 31,
	2017*			2018*			2019
	(RMB in millions)
Revenue		2,032,298			2,374,934			2,516,810
Operating expenses		(1,961,462	)		(2,251,992	)		(2,395,048	)
Profit from operations		70,836			122,942			121,762
Exchange (loss)/gain, net		(1,184	)		1,120			1
Interest expense, net		(19,929	)		(18,939	)		(26,778	)
Share of profit of affiliates and joint ventures		5,968			11,647			8,229
Profit before income tax expense		55,691			116,770			103,214
Income tax expense		(16,296	)		(42,790	)		(36,199	)
Profit for the year attributable tonon-controlling interests		15,858			20,944			21,333
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company		23,537			53,036			45,682

We have initially applied IFRS 16 on January 1, 2019 and IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 on January 1, 2018. According to the adopted transition plan, the comparative data has not been restated. For a detailed description of the changes and impacts of these accounting standards, please refer to “3 (aa) New Accounting Standards” in our financial statements.

The table below sets forth our revenue by business segment for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 as well as the percentage changes in revenue for the periods shown.


	2016			2017			2017 vs. 2016			2018			2018 vs. 2017			2017			2018			2018 vs. 2017			2019			2019 vs. 2018
	(RMB in millions, except percentages)															(RMB in millions, except percentages)
Revenue
Exploration and production		412,484			505,430			22.5	%		658,712			30.3	%		505,430			658,712			30.3	%		676,320			2.7	%
Refining and chemicals		582,510			707,804			21.5	%		874,125			23.5	%		735,486			911,224			23.9	%		902,679			(0.9	)%
Marketing		1,301,616			1,660,456			27.6	%		2,003,105			20.6	%		1,660,456			2,003,105			20.6	%		2,165,391			8.1	%
Natural gas and pipeline		247,477			295,786			19.5	%		362,626			22.6	%		295,786			362,626			22.6	%		391,023			7.8	%
Headquarters and others		2,197			2,057			(6.4	)%		2,376			15.5	%		2,057			2,376			15.5	%		3,700			55.7	%

Total		2,546,284			3,171,533			24.6	%		3,900,944			23.0	%		3,199,215			3,938,043			23.1	%		4,139,113			5.1	%
Less intersegment sales		(929,381	)		(1,155,643	)		24.3	%		(1,547,356	)		33.9	%		(1,166,917	)		(1,563,109	)		34.0	%		(1,622,303	)		3.8	%

Consolidated net sales from operations		1,616,903			2,015,890			24.7	%		2,353,588			16.8	%		2,032,298			2,374,934			16.9	%		2,516,810			6.0	%

The table below sets forth our operating income by business segment for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, as well as the percentage changes in operating income for the periods shown. ~~Other profit~~Loss from operations for headquarters and others shown below consists of expenses for research and development, business services and infrastructure support to our operating business segments.


	2016			2017			2017 vs. 2016			2018			2018 vs. 2017			2017			2018			2018 vs. 2017			2019			2019 vs. 2018
	(RMB in millions, except percentages)															(RMB in millions, except percentages)
Profit/(loss) from operations
Exploration and production		3,148			15,475			391.6	%		73,519			375.1	%		15,475			73,519			375.1	%		96,097			30.7	%
Refining and chemicals		39,026			39,961			2.4	%		42,756			7.0	%		43,075			44,701			3.8	%		13,764			(69.2	)%
Marketing		11,048			8,279			(25.1	)%		(6,450	)		(177.9	)%		8,279			(6,450	)		(177.9	)%		(565	)		(91.2	)%
Natural gas and pipeline		17,885			15,688			(12.3	)%		25,515			62.6	%		15,688			25,515			62.6	%		26,108			2.3	%
Headquarters and others		(10,472	)		(11,681	)		11.5	%		(14,343	)		22.8	%		(11,681	)		(14,343	)		22.8	%		(13,642	)		(4.9	)%

Total		60,635			67,722			11.7	%		120,997			78.7	%		70,836			122,942			73.6	%		121,762			(1.0	)%

Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018

Consolidated Results of Operations

Overview

In 2019, our revenue was RMB2,516,810 million, representing an increase of 6.0% as compared to 2018. Net profit attributable to owners of the Company was RMB45,682 million, representing a decrease of 13.9% as compared to 2018. Basic earnings per share were RMB0.25, representing a decrease of RMB0.04 as compared to 2018.

Revenue Revenue increased by 6.0% from RMB2,374,934 million in 2018 to RMB2,516,810 million in 2019. This was primarily due to the comprehensive impact of the increase in sales volume, partially offset by a decrease in selling prices of a majority of oil and gas products.

The table below sets out external sales volume and average realized prices for our major products in 2018 and 2019 and the respective percentage of change:


	Sales Volume (‘000 ton)							Average Realized Price (RMB/ton)
	2018		2019		Percentage of Change (%)			2018		2019		Percentage of Change (%)
Crude oil*		110,457		150,322		36.1			3,213		3,162		(1.6	)
Natural gas (hundred million cubic meters, RMB/’000 cubic meter)**		2,167.54		2,590.91		19.5			1,367		1,313		(4.0	)
Gasoline		71,125		76,366		7.4			7,024		6,487		(7.6	)
Diesel		86,904		90,163		3.8			5,478		5,286		(3.5	)
Kerosene		20,619		21,183		2.7			4,534		4,255		(6.2	)
Heavy oil		19,964		18,095		(9.4	)		3,335		3,249		(2.6	)
Polyethylene		4,644		4,985		7.3			8,816		7,443		(15.6	)
Lubricant		1,158		977		(15.6	)		7,875		8,047		2.2

*	The sales volumes of crude oil listed above represents all our external sales volume of crude oil.

The sales volumes of natural gas listed above represents all our external sales volume of natural gas, and the decrease in average realized price of natural gas in 2019 as compared to 2018 was primarily due to a decrease in the average realized price of natural gas in our international trade business.

Operating ExpensesOperating expenses increased by 6.4% from RMB2,251,992 million in 2018 to RMB2,395,048 million in 2019, of which:

Purchases, Services and Other ExpensesPurchases, services and other expenses increased by 9.3% from RMB1,553,784 million in 2018 to RMB1,697,834 million in 2019. This was primarily due to an increase in the Company’s expenses relating to purchase of oil and gas products and other international trading activities.

Employee Compensation CostsEmployee compensation costs (including salaries and additional costs such as insurance, housing provident funds and training fees) increased by 6.9% from RMB144,391 million in 2018 to RMB154,318 million in 2019. This was primarily due to the increase in employee remuneration and contribution to social security funds.

Exploration ExpensesExploration expenses increased by 10.9% from RMB18,726 million in 2018 to RMB20,775 million in 2019. This was primarily due to increased exploration efforts to enhance reserves and production.

Depreciation, Depletion and AmortizationDepreciation, depletion and amortization decreased by 3.0% from RMB232,276 million in 2018 to RMB225,262 million in 2019. This was primarily due to a combined effect of the Company’s provision of asset impairment in order to optimize asset structure and solidify asset quality, and implementation of the new lease standards. As a result of implementation of the new lease standards, we recognized depreciation expenses of RMB14,973 million over the assets that we had right of use in 2019.

Selling, General and Administrative ExpensesSelling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 7.9% from RMB74,477 million in 2018 to RMB68,596 million in 2019. This was primarily due to the fact that the Company strictlycontrolled non-production expenses in order to continue to implement the plan of broadening sources of income, reducing expenditures and costs, and enhancing profitability, and a decrease of RMB16,682 in lease expenditures as compared to 2018 as a result of implementation of new lease standards.

Taxes other than Income TaxesTaxes other than income taxes increased by 3.5% from RMB220,677 million for 2018 to RMB228,436 million in 2019, among which the consumption tax increased by RMB12,479 million from RMB152,494 million in 2018 to RMB164,973 million in 2019; the resource tax increased by RMB49 million from RMB24,339 million in 2018 to RMB24,388 million in 2019; and crude oil special gain levy decreased by RMB3,979 million from RMB4,750 million in 2018 to RMB771 million in 2019.

Other Income/(Expenses), netNet other income in 2019 was RMB173 million, while the net other expenses in 2018 was RMB7,661 million, primarily due to a decrease in net losses from disposal of fixed assets and oil and gas assets.

Profit from OperationsThe profit from operations in 2019 was RMB121,762 million, representing a decrease of 1.0% from RMB122,942 million in 2018.

Net Exchange GainNet exchange gain in 2019 was RMB1 million, representing a decrease of 99.9% from RMB1,120 million in 2018. This is primarily due to the changes in exchange rate of the Renminbi against the US Dollar during the period.

Net Interest ExpenseNet interest expense increased by 41.4% from RMB18,939 million in 2018 to RMB26,778 million in 2019, primarily due to the effects of lease liabilities recognized under the new lease standards and the accrued interest expenses. Excluding the impact of the new lease standards, net interest expenses increased by 1.9% as compared to 2018.

Profit Before Income Tax ExpenseProfit before income tax expense decreased by 11.6% from RMB116,770 million in 2018 to RMB103,214 million in 2019.

Income Tax ExpenseThe income tax expense decreased by 15.4% from RMB42,790 million in 2018 to RMB36,199 million in 2019, which was primarily due to the decrease in the Company’s profit before income tax expense in 2019 as compared to 2018.

Profit for the YearNet profit in 2019 decreased by 9.4% to RMB67,015 million from RMB73,980 million in 2018.

Profit Attributable to Non-controlling InterestsProfit attributableto non-controlling interests increased by 1.9% from RMB20,944 million in 2018 to RMB21,333 million in 2019, primarily due to changes in the profit structure of the Company’s subsidiaries.

Profit Attributable to Owners of the CompanyProfit attributable to owners of the Company decreased by 13.9% from RMB53,036 million in 2018 to RMB45,682 million in 2019.

Segment Results

Exploration and Production

RevenueRevenue of the exploration and production segment in 2019 was RMB676,320 million, representing an increase of 2.7% from RMB658,712 million in 2018. This increase was primarily due to the increase in the sales volume of oil and gas, partially offset by the decline in the price of crude oil. In 2019, the oil imported from Russia, Kazakhstan and certain other countries amounted to 39.95 million tons, representing an increase of 8.9% over the 36.69 million tons in 2018. The revenue from the sales of imported oil from Russia, Kazakhstan and certain other countries was RMB131,723 million in 2019, representing an increase of 2.7% from RMB128,308 million in 2018. The average realized crude oil price of the Company in 2019 was US$60.96 per barrel, representing a decrease of 10.7% from US$68.28 per barrel in 2018.

Operating ExpensesOperating expenses of the exploration and production segment decreased by 0.8% from RMB585,193 million in 2018 to RMB580,223 million in 2019. This was primarily due to a decrease in depreciation, depletion and amortization, and taxes and fees other than income tax, partially offset by an increase in exploration costs. In 2019, The cost for importing oil from Russia, Kazakhstan and certain other countries amounted to RMB130,941 million, representing an increase of 1.8% from RMB128,637 million in 2018.

In 2019, the unit oil and gas lifting cost of the Company was US$12.11 per barrel, representing a decrease of 1.6% from US$12.31 per barrel in 2018.

Profit from OperationsIn 2019, our domestic operations adhered to the principle of profit-orientation to promote the increase of reserves and production, realized an increase in crude oil production and a significant increase in natural gas production, strengthened the control of investment costs at the source, refined the management of production and operation costs, and promoted quality improvement and profitability. Our overseas operations, adhered to profitable development, strictly managed early-stage investment projects, optimized the investment structure, and strived to promote sales and maximize revenue. In 2019, the exploration and production segment realized an operating profit of RMB96,097 million, representing an increase of 30.7% from RMB73,519 million in 2018, maintaining its status as a main profit contributor of the Company.

Refining and Chemicals

RevenueThe revenue of the refining and chemicals segment decreased by 0.9% from RMB911,224 million in 2018 to RMB902,679 million in 2019, primarily due to a combined effect of the changes in sales volume and prices of refined oil products, and the marketization of internal settlement prices.

Operating ExpensesOperating expenses of the refining and chemicals segment increased by 2.6% from RMB866,523 million in 2018 to RMB888,915 million in 2019, primarily due to an increase in the cost of crude oil and feedstock, and an increase in the production costs of auxiliary materials and power.

In 2019, the cash processing cost of refineries of the Company was RMB168.64 per ton, remaining basically the same as compared to 2018.

Profit from OperationsIn 2019, the refining and chemicals segment continued to deepen benchmarking management to facilitate the transition from cost benchmarking to business benchmarking; tap into internal talent and vigorously strengthen management and control over costs and expenses; adhere to the principles of market and profit-orientation, promote the upgrading of refined oil quality and the research and development of high value-added chemical products, optimize product structure and enhance profitability. However, as affected by factors such as excessive domestic refining capacity, narrower margins, a fall in prices of chemical products and the marketization of internal settlement prices which resulted in a fall in prices, the refining and chemicals segment realized an operating profit of RMB13,764 million in 2019, representing a decrease of 69.2% as compared to RMB44,701 million in 2018. Specifically, the refining operations recorded an operating profit of RMB10,337 million, representing a decrease of 72.0% as compared to RMB36,878 million in 2018, while the chemical operations realized an operating profit of RMB3,427 million, representing a decrease of 56.2%, as compared to RMB7,823 million in 2018.

Marketing

RevenueThe revenue of the marketing segment increased by 8.1% from RMB2,003,105 million in 2018 to RMB2,165,391 million in 2019, primarily due to an increase in international trading volume of oil and gas products.

Operating ExpensesOperating expenses of the marketing segment increased by 7.8% from RMB2,009,555 million in 2018 to RMB2,165,956 million in 2019, primarily due to an increase in the expenditures for purchase of refined oil.

Loss from OperationsIn 2019, the marketing segment actively responded to the challenges of excessive market resources and intensified competition, deepened the regional precise marketing and integrated marketing of refined products, fuelcards, non-oil business, and lubricants, accelerated the establishment of new retail models, and strived to pursue quality and profitability. In international trade, it accelerated the development of its global logistics and marketing network and strengthened the synergy between domestic and international resources to enhance profitability. In 2019, due to the strengthening of marketing measures and the marketization of internal settlement, the marketing segment recorded an operating loss of RMB565 million, representing a decrease of loss of RMB5,885 million as compared to the operating loss of RMB6,450 million in 2018.

Natural Gas and Pipeline

Revenue The revenue of the natural gas and pipeline segment amounted to RMB391,023 million in 2019, representing an increase of 7.8% as compared to RMB362,626 million in 2018, primarily due to an increase in the sales volume of natural gas.

Operating Expenses Operating expenses of the natural gas and pipeline segment amounted to RMB364,915 million in 2019, representing an increase of 8.2% as compared to RMB337,111 million in 2018, primarily due to the increase in the expenditure of natural gas purchase.

Profit from Operations In 2019, the natural gas and pipeline segment, based on the overall coordinated and effective operation of the industrial chain, deepened our resource management through “tagging”, prioritized the full production and sales of domestic gas, effectively controlled resource costs, continuously optimized resource flows and sales structures, and vigorously promoted online transactions. While consolidating the wholesale market, we actively expanded the end market. In 2019, the natural gas and pipeline segment realized an operating profit of RMB26,108 million, representing an increase of 2.3% as compared to RMB25,515 million in 2018.

In 2019, the natural gas and pipeline segment took active measures to control the loss from imported natural gas. However, as the cost of imported natural gas increased due to the changes in exchange rates, while the

increases in the domestic natural gas price were restricted under a nationwide policy environment of reducing taxes and fees, the segment recorded a net loss of RMB30,710 million in sales of imported natural gas, representing an increase of loss of RMB5,803 million as compared to last year. The Company will endeavor to adopt effective measures to control losses.

In 2019, the Company’s international operations realized a revenue of RMB1,040,117 million, accounting for 41.3% of the Company’s total revenue. Profit before income tax expenses amounted to RMB18,885 million. The Company’s international operations maintained stable development and further improved its operating ability internationally.

Our four operating segments are exploration and production, refining and chemicals, marketing as well as natural gas and pipeline. Overseas operations do not constitute a separate operating segment. The financial data of overseas operations are included in the financial data of the respective operating segment mentioned above.

Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2017

Consolidated Results of Operations

Overview

In 2018, our revenue was ~~RMB2,353,588~~RMB2,374,934 million, representing an increase of ~~16.8%~~16.9% as compared ~~with~~to 2017. Net profit attributable to owners of the company was ~~RMB52,591~~RMB53,036 million, representing an increase of ~~130.7%~~125.3% as compared ~~with~~to 2017. Basic earnings per share were RMB0.29, representing an increase of ~~RMB0.17~~RMB0.16 as compared to 2017.

RevenueOur revenue increased by ~~16.8%~~16.9% from ~~RMB2,015,890~~RMB2,032,298 million in 2017 to ~~RMB2,353,588~~RMB 2,374,934 million in 2018. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the prices of a majority of our oil and gas products.

The table below sets out the external sales volume and average realized prices for our major products in 2017 and 2018 and the respective percentage changes for the periods shown:


	Sales Volume (‘000 ton)							Average Realized Price (RMB/ton)						Sales Volume (‘000 ton)							Average Realized Price (RMB/ton)
	2017		2018		Percentage of Change (%)			2017		2018		Percentage of Change (%)		2017		2018		Percentage of Change (%)			2017		2018		Percentage of Change (%)
Crude oil*		114,930		110,457		(3.9	)		2,392		3,213		34.3		114,930		110,457		(3.9	)		2,392		3,213		34.3
Natural gas (hundred million cubic meters, RMB/’000 cubic meter)**		1,989.59		2,167.54		8.9			1,235		1,367		10.7		1,989.59		2,167.54		8.9			1,235		1,367		10.7
Gasoline		65,293		71,125		8.9			6,386		7,024		10.0		65,293		71,125		8.9			6,386		7,024		10.0
Diesel		87,324		86,904		(0.5	)		4,600		5,478		19.1		87,324		86,904		(0.5	)		4,600		5,478		19.1
Kerosene		16,849		19,469		15.5			3,552		4,540		27.8		18,118		20,619		13.8			3,551		4,534		27.7
Heavy oil		23,395		19,964		(14.7	)		2,380		3,335		40.1		23,395		19,964		(14.7	)		2,380		3,335		40.1
Polyethylene		4,739		4,644		(2.0	)		8,559		8,816		3.0		4,739		4,644		(2.0	)		8,559		8,816		3.0
Lubricant		1,283		1,158		(9.7	)		7,693		7,875		2.4		1,283		1,158		(9.7	)		7,693		7,875		2.4


Note:		* The sales volumes of crude oil listed in the table above represent all of our external sales volumes. The decrease in crude oil sales volume in 2018 as compared to 2017 was primarily due to the decrease in our international trading volume of crude oil.
		** As the sales volume of urban gas was included in the sales volume of natural gas beginning in 2018, the sales volumes and average realized prices for 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively adjusted by applying the same approach. The increase in natural gas average realized price in 2018 as compared to 2017 was primarily due to ~~the~~a combined ~~effects~~effect of an increase in the ~~entrepôt~~entrepot trading price of natural gas and effective measures taken by the Company to optimize the structure of natural gas sales.

Operating ExpensesOperating expenses increased by ~~14.6%~~14.8% from ~~RMB1,948,168~~RMB1,961,462 million in 2017 to ~~RMB2,232,591~~RMB2,251,992 million in 2018.

Purchases, Services and Other ExpensesPurchases, services and other expenses increased by ~~19.7%~~20.0% from ~~RMB1,285,716~~RMB1,295,032 million in 2017 to ~~RMB1,539,010~~RMB1,553,784 million in 2018. This increase was primarily due to an increase in expenses relating to the purchase of oil and gas products and other trading activities as a result of the increase in oil and gas prices.

Employee Compensation CostsEmployee compensation costs (including salaries and additional costs such as insurance, housing funds and training fees) were ~~RMB144,027~~RMB144,391 million in 2018, representing an increase of 14.9% from ~~RMB125,384~~RMB125,703 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our employee salaries and costs according to our performance-based remuneration system and in line with the general increase in average employee salaries in the industry.

Exploration ExpensesExploration expenses decreased by 21.6% from RMB23,884 million in 2017 to RMB18,726 million in 2018. This decrease was primarily due to the fact that, we optimized our exploration deployment resulting in a decrease in dry well expenses.

Depreciation, Depletion and AmortizationDepreciation, depletion and amortization decreased by 2.3% from ~~RMB237,375~~RMB237,807 million in 2017 to ~~RMB231,929~~RMB232,276 million in 2018. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the depletion of oil and gas properties as a result of an increase in the proved undeveloped reserves and the decrease in depletion ratio caused by the rise of oil and gas prices, partially offset by an increase in asset impairment provision in 2018 as compared to 2017.

Selling, General and Administrative ExpensesSelling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 4.0% from ~~RMB77,042~~RMB77,557 million in 2017 to ~~RMB73,986~~RMB74,477 million in 2018. This decrease was primarily due to our continuing efforts to broaden our income sources, reduce expenditure and costs, enhance efficiency, and strictly control ournon-production related expenses.

Taxes other than Income TaxesTaxes other than income taxes increased by ~~9.7%~~10.0% from ~~RMB198,022~~RMB200,704 million in 2017 to ~~RMB217,267~~RMB220,677 million in 2018. This was primarily due to the increase in crude oil prices in 2018 as compared to 2017. In particular, (i) we incurred a crude oil special gain levy of RMB4,750 million in 2018 due to the increase in crude oil prices as a special gain levy is payable only if the crude oil price reaches US$65 per barrel or above, while in 2017, no crude oil special gain levy was incurred; (ii) the consumption tax we paid increased by ~~RMB6,747~~RMB7,521 million from ~~RMB142,708~~RMB144,973 million in 2017 to ~~RMB149,455~~RMB152,494 million in 2018; and (iii) the resource tax we paid increased by RMB6,339 million from RMB18,000 million in 2017 to RMB24,339 million in 2018.

Other Expenses, netNet other expenses was ~~RMB7,646~~RMB7,661 million in 2018, representing an increase of ~~RMB6,901~~RMB6,886 million from ~~RMB745~~RMB775 million in 2017. This was primarily due to ~~the~~a combined ~~effects~~effect of the increase in the losses from disposal of assets, as partially offset by the increase in the VAT refund relating to the importation of natural gas as recognized in 2018.

Profit from OperationsThe profit from operations in 2018 was ~~RMB120,997~~RMB122,942 million, representing an increase of ~~78.7%~~73.6% from ~~RMB67,722~~RMB70,836 million in 2017.

Net Exchange Gain /(Loss)Net exchange gain in 2018 was ~~RMB1,145~~RMB1,120 million, as compared to the net exchange loss of ~~RMB1,094~~RMB1,184 million in 2017. This was primarily due to the appreciation of US Dollar against Renminbi as compared ~~with~~to the end of 2017.

Net Interest ExpenseNet interest expense decreased by ~~4.7%~~5.0% from ~~RMB19,507~~RMB19,929 million in 2017 to ~~RMB18,583~~RMB18,939 million in 2018, primarily due to ~~the~~a combined effect of a decrease in the average balance of interest-bearing borrowings, a decrease in interest expenses and an increase in income from deposits as compared ~~with~~to 2017.

Profit Before Income Tax ExpenseProfit before income tax expense increased by ~~117.0%~~109.7% from ~~RMB53,089~~RMB55,691 million in 2017 to ~~RMB115,206~~RMB116,770 million in 2018.

Income Tax ExpenseThe income tax expense increased by 162.6% from RMB16,296 million in 2017 to RMB42,790 million in 2018, which was primarily due to the increase in taxable income.

Profit for the YearAs a result of the foregoing, our profit in 2018 increased by ~~96.8%~~87.8% from ~~RMB36,793~~RMB39,395 million in 2017 to ~~RMB72,416~~RMB73,980 million in 2018.

Profit Attributable toNon-controlling InterestsProfit attributable tonon-controlling interests increased by ~~41.7%~~32.1% from ~~RMB13,995~~RMB15,858 million in 2017 to ~~RMB19,825~~RMB20,944 million in 2018, which was primarily due to the increase in profits of certain of our subsidiaries in 2018.

Profit Attributable to Owners of the CompanyProfit attributable to owners of the company increased by ~~130.7%~~125.3% from ~~RMB22,798~~RMB23,537 million in 2017 to ~~RMB52,591~~RMB53,036 million in 2018.

Segment Results

Exploration and Production Segment

RevenueRevenue of the exploration and production segment was RMB658,712 million in 2018, representing an increase of 30.3% from RMB505,430 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to the increase in the prices of crude oil and natural gas and increase in the sales volume of natural gas. Our average realized crude oil price in 2018 was US$68.28 per barrel, representing an increase of 34.8% from US$50.64 per barrel in 2017.

Operating ExpensesOperating expenses of the exploration and production segment increased by 19.4% from RMB489,955 million in 2017 to RMB585,193 million in 2018. This increase was primarily due to the

combined effects of (i) an increase in procurement expenditure resulting from the increase in volume and price of imported oil from Russia and Kazakhstan; (ii) the impairment provision for certain oil and gas assets with higher costs of development and production made in accordance with the accounting standards; and (iii) the increase in taxes other than income taxes as compared to 2017.

In 2018, the unit oil and gas lifting cost was US$12.31 per barrel, representing an increase of 6.8% from US$11.53 per barrel in 2017. Excluding the effect of changes in exchange rate, the lifting cost increased by 4.6% from 2017, primarily due to an increase in power, materials and labor costs in 2018 as compared to 2017.

Profit from OperationsIn 2018, we stressed ourlow-cost development strategy and meticulous management, continued to promote steady output of crude oil, made greater efforts in exploration and production in main gas areas and optimized our production structure, resulting in a steady increase in gas output. In overseas operations, we took advantage of the Belt and Road Initiative, actively promoted the international cooperation in our oil and gas business, and formulated our development strategy based on project potential and enhanced dynamic control and management of investment. In 2018, the exploration and production segment realized an operating profit of RMB73,519 million, representing an increase of RMB58,044 million from RMB15,475 million in 2017, and returned to its position as a main profit contributor of our company.

Refining and Chemicals Segment

RevenueThe revenue of the refining and chemicals segment increased by ~~23.5%~~23.9% from ~~RMB707,804~~RMB735,486 million in 2017 to ~~RMB874,125~~RMB911,224 million in 2018. This increase was primarily due to the increase in the prices of refined products and the fact that we produced more high-profitability products as a result of our optimized product structure. Both the prices and sales volume of certain refined and chemical products increased.

Operating ExpensesOperating expenses of the refining and chemicals segment increased by ~~24.5%~~25.1% from ~~RMB667,843~~RMB692,411 million in 2017 to ~~RMB831,369~~RMB866,523 million in 2018. This increase was primarily due to the combined effects of (i) an increase in expenses associated with the purchase of crude oil and feedstock oil from external suppliers; and (ii) an impairment provision made in accordance with the accounting standards for certain facilities scheduled to be deactivated as a result of the regulations to promote the use of ethanol in vehicles.

In 2018, the cash processing cost of our refineries was ~~RMB169.38~~RMB167.74 per ton, representing an increase of ~~RMB0.34~~RMB0.15 per ton from ~~RMB169.04~~RMB167.59 per ton in 2017, primarily due to an increase in power and labor cost as compared to 2017.

Profit from OperationsIn 2018, in our refining and chemicals segment, in response to market demand, we increased the processing load of the facilities with high efficiency, continued to adjust our product structure, increased production of high value-added and market-favorable products, and intensified management and control over our costs and expenses, maintaining a good position in profit contribution. In 2018, we realized operating profits of ~~RMB42,756~~RMB44,701 million in the refining and chemicals segment, representing an increase of ~~7.0%~~3.8% as compared ~~with RMB39,961~~to RMB43,075 million in 2017. The refining operations recorded an operating profit of ~~RMB34,933~~RMB36,878 million, representing an increase of ~~7.2%~~3.3% as compared ~~with RMB32,573~~to RMB35,687 million in 2017. Our chemical operations realized an operating profit of RMB7,823 million, representing an increase of 5.9%, as compared ~~with~~to RMB7,388 million in 2017.

Marketing Segment

RevenueRevenue of the marketing segment increased by 20.6% from RMB1,660,456 million in 2017 to RMB2,003,105 million in 2018. This increase was primarily due to the combined effects of (i) the increase in both sales volume and prices of products such as gasoline and kerosene, and the rise in the price of diesel as partially offset by the decrease in the sales volume of diesel; and (ii) the increase in revenue derived from trading of oil products.

Operating ExpensesOperating expenses of the marketing segment increased by 21.6% from RMB1,652,177 million in 2017 to RMB2,009,555 million in 2018, primarily due to an increase in the expenses for purchase of refined oil from external suppliers.

(Loss) /profit from OperationsIn 2018, facing an unfavorable situation of substantial surplus in domestic resources and fiercer competition in the market, our domestic marketing segment adhered to the principle of market-orientation and efficiency, adopted active measures to address market competition, maximized efforts to increase our market share and enhance efficiency, and effectively ensured the proper downstream operations of our refineries, so as to realize the value of our industrial chain. In international trading, the marketing segment intensified coordination and cooperation with domestic industrial chains, and optimized the import and export of oil and gas resources. In 2018, affected by certain factors including fierce market competition and an adverse effect on profit from inventories due to a sharp decrease in oil prices in the fourth quarter, the marketing segment recorded an operating loss of RMB6,450 million, representing a decrease of RMB14,729 million as compared ~~with~~to the operating profit of RMB8,279 million in 2017.

Natural Gas and Pipeline Segment

RevenueRevenue of the natural gas and pipeline segment amounted to RMB362,626 million in 2018, representing an increase of 22.6% as compared ~~with~~to RMB295,786 million in 2017, primarily due to the increase in the sales volume of natural gas.

Operating ExpensesOperating expenses of the natural gas and pipeline segment amounted to RMB337,111 million in 2018, representing an increase of 20.4% as compared ~~with~~to RMB280,098 million in 2017, primarily due to the increase in the expenses for purchasing natural gas.

Profit from OperationsIn 2018, in the natural gas and pipeline segment, in line with the increased demand for natural gas in the domestic market, we optimized our marketing strategies, made great efforts to expand into thehigh-end and high-profitability market, and continued to enhance the value of our natural gas business chain. In 2018, we realized an operating profit of RMB25,515 million, representing an increase of 62.6% as compared ~~with~~to RMB15,688 million in 2017.

In 2018, the volume of imported natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) increased substantially. We took active measures to control the loss arising from the imported natural gas, and recorded a net loss of RMB24,907 million in the sale of imported natural gas, representing an increase in loss of RMB960 million as compared to 2017. We will continue to adopt vigorous measures to control losses.

In 2018, our international operationsrealized revenue of RMB836,619 million, accounting for ~~35.5%~~35.2% of our total revenue. Profit before income tax expense amounted to RMB4,781 million. Our international operations maintained a healthy development with further improved operating ability.

~~Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016~~

~~Consolidated Results of Operations~~

~~Overview~~

In 2017, our revenue was RMB2,015,890 million, representing an increase of 24.7% as compared with 2016. Net profit attributable to the owners of the company was RMB22,798 million, representing an increase of 190.2% as compared with 2016. Basic earnings per share were RMB0.12, representing an increase of RMB0.08 as compared with 2016.

~~Revenue~~Our revenue increased by 24.7% from RMB1,616,903 million in 2016 to RMB2,015,890 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to (i) the increasing selling prices of the majority of oil and gas products and (ii) the increase in the sales volume.

~~The table below sets out the external sales volume and average realized prices for our major products in 2016 and 2017, respectively:~~

   Sales Volume (‘000 ton) Average Realized Price
(RMB/ton)
       2016            2017        Percentage
of Change
(%) 2016    2017    Percentage
of Change
(%)
Crude oil
   100,108    114,930    14.8 1,881    2,392    27.2
Natural gas (hundred million cubic meters, RMB/’000 cubic meter)
   1,928.73    1,989.59    3.2 1,099    1,235    12.4
Gasoline
   62,406    65,293    4.6 5,725    6,386    11.5
Diesel
   80,168    87,324    8.9 4,127    4,600    11.5
Kerosene
   16,533    16,849    1.9 2,869    3,552    23.8
Heavy oil
   22,952    23,395    1.9 1,892    2,380    25.8
Polyethylene
   4,764    4,739    (0.5 ) 7,981    8,559    7.2
Lubricant
   1,122    1,283    14.3 7,424    7,693    3.6

~~Note:~~

The sales volumes listed in the table above represent all of our external sales volumes.As the sales volume of urban gas was included in the sales volume of natural gas beginning in 2018, the sales volumes and average realized prices for 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively adjusted by applying the same approach.

~~Operating Expenses~~~~Operating expenses increased by 25.2% from RMB1,556,268 million in 2016 to RMB1,948,168 million in 2017.~~

~~Purchases, Services and Other Expenses~~Purchases, services and other expenses increased by 34.0% from RMB959,640 million in 2016 to RMB1,285,716 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to the increase in purchase of oil and gas products.

~~Employee Compensation Costs~~Employee compensation costs (including salaries and additional costs such as insurance, housing funds and training fees) were RMB125,384 million in 2017, representing an increase of 6.6% from RMB117,662 million in 2016. This increase was primarily due to the improvement of our performance-based remuneration system and the increase in our employee salaries and costs in line with the general increase of employee average salaries in the industry.

~~Exploration Expenses~~Exploration expenses increased by 28.6% from RMB18,576 million in 2016 to RMB23,884 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to the fact that, in order to consolidate the oil and gas resource foundations, we optimized our exploration deployment and increased our investment in oil and gas exploration.

~~Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization~~Depreciation, depletion and amortization increased by 8.8% from RMB218,147 million in 2016 to RMB237,375 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to (i) our provision made for assets impairment, and (ii) an increase in depreciation and depletion as a result of an increase in the cost of property, plant and equipment.

~~Selling, General and Administrative Expenses~~Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 3.8% from RMB74,255 million in 2016 to RMB77,042 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to the increases in repair expenses and lease expenses as a result of the expansion of our business.

~~Taxes other than Income Taxes~~Taxes other than income taxes increased by 4.4% from RMB189,608 million in 2016 to RMB198,022 million in 2017. In particular, the consumption tax increased by RMB2,440 million from RMB140,268 million in 2016 to RMB142,708 million in 2017; and the resource tax increased by RMB3,528 million from RMB14,472 million in 2016 to RMB18,000 million in 2017.

~~Other Expenses/Income, net~~Net other expensesin 2017 were RMB745 million, as compared to net other income of RMB21,620 million in 2016. This was primarily due to the combined effects of the following factors: (i) our disposal of certain equity interests in Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Co., Ltd. (the “Trans-Asia Pipeline”) in 2016 for which we recognized a net gain of RMB24,534 million, and (ii) the increase in the VAT refund relating to the importation of natural gas as recognized in 2017.

~~Profit from Operations~~~~The profit from operations in 2017 was RMB67,722 million, representing an increase of 11.7% from RMB60,635 million in 2016.~~

~~Net Exchange (Loss)/Gain~~~~Net exchange loss in 2017 was RMB1,094 million, as compared to the net exchange gain of RMB1,257 million in 2016. This was primarily due to the depreciation of US Dollar against Renminbi in 2017.~~

~~Net Interest Expense~~Net interest expense decreased by 6.5% from RMB20,857 million in 2016 to RMB19,507 million in 2017, primarily due to a decrease in the average balance of interest-bearing borrowings as compared with 2016 as a result of our active measures to control debts and reduce interest.

~~Profit Before Income Tax Expense~~~~Profit before income tax expense increased by 17.6% from RMB45,140 million in 2016 to RMB53,089 million in 2017.~~

~~Income Tax Expense~~~~The income tax expense increased by 3.3% from RMB15,768 million in 2016 to RMB16,296 million in 2017, which was primarily due to the increase in taxable income.~~

~~Profit for the Year~~ ~~As a result of the foregoing, our profit in 2017 increased by 25.3% from RMB29,372 million in 2016 to RMB36,793 million in 2017.~~

~~Profit Attributable toNon-controlling~~ ~~Interests~~~~Net profit attributable tonon-controlling~~ interests decreased by 35.0% from RMB21,515 million in 2016 to RMB13,995 million in 2017, which was primarily due to the fact that the disposal of certain equity interests in Trans-Asia Pipeline in 2016 was attributable to~~non-controlling~~ ~~interests.~~

~~Profit Attributable to Owners of the Company~~~~The net profit attributable to owners of the company increased by 190.2% from RMB7,857 million in 2016 to RMB22,798 million in 2017.~~

~~Segment Results~~

~~Exploration and Production Segment~~

~~Revenue~~Revenue of the exploration and production segment was RMB505,430 million in 2017, representing an increase of 22.5% from RMB412,484 million in 2016. This increase was primarily due to the combined effects of (i) the increase in the price of crude oil as partially offset by the decrease in the sales volume of crude oil, and (ii) the increase in the sales volume of natural gas and shale gas. Our average realized crude oil price in 2017 was US$50.64 per barrel, representing an increase of 33.3% from US$37.99 per barrel in 2016.

~~Operating Expenses~~Operating expenses of the exploration and production segment increased by 19.7% from RMB409,336 million in 2016 to RMB489,955 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to the combined effects of (i) realized gains derived from the disposal of certain equity interests in the Trans-Asia Pipeline in 2016, and (ii) the increase in depreciation, depletion and amortization in 2017.

~~We enhanced our control over costs and expenses continuously. Our unit oil and gas lifting cost was US$11.53 per barrel in 2017, representing a decrease of 1.2% from US$11.67 per barrel in 2016.~~

~~Profit from Operations~~~~In 2017,in response to the increasingly complex development situation, in domestic operations, we adhered to thelow-cost~~ strategy and the meticulous management, optimized development plans, and took multi-measures to save energy and tap the potential synergies so as to raise the profit per single well. In overseas operations, we devoted major efforts to broadening sources of income and reducing expenditure as well as cutting costs and enhancing efficiency by various means such as optimizing assets and decreasing inventory. In 2017, the exploration and production segment realized an operating profit of RMB15,475 million, representing an increase of RMB12,327 million from RMB3,148 million in 2016, contributing a substantial increase in the profit level.

~~Refining and Chemicals Segment~~

~~Revenue~~The revenue of the refining and chemicals segment increased by 21.5% from RMB582,510 million in 2016 to RMB707,804 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to the increase in oil prices and the production of high-profitability products as a result of our optimized product structure. Both the sales volume and price of most of the refined and chemical products were increased.

~~Operating Expenses~~Operating expenses of the refining and chemicals segment increased by 22.9% from RMB543,484 million in 2016 to RMB667,843 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to the combined effects of (i) the increase in the expenses associated with the purchase of crude oil and feedstock oil from external suppliers; and (ii) impairment provision for some petrochemical assets with higher costs of production and operation in accordance with the accounting standards.

In 2017, we continued to optimize our productions and operations in the refining and chemicals segment. Due to the effects of the increase in the processing volume of crude oil and strengthened control over costs and expenses, the cash processing cost of our refineries was RMB169.04 per ton, representing a decrease of RMB10.89 per ton from RMB179.93 per ton in 2016.

~~Profit from Operations~~In 2017, in our refining and chemicals segment, we focused on the principle of market orientation and benefit, energetically pushed forward the structure optimization, reform and innovation, increased the production of high value-added and market-favorable products, and improved internal profit generating capabilities; intensified control over costs and expenses. These efforts resulted in several economic indicators being better than 2016 and maintaining a dominant position in profit contribution. In 2017, we realized operating profits of RMB39,961 million in the refining and chemicals segment, representing an increase of 2.4% as compared with RMB39,026 million in 2016. The refining operations recorded an operating profit of RMB32,573 million, representing an increase of 18.2% as compared with RMB27,565 million in 2016 due to the optimized product structure and the increase in gross profit. Taking advantage of the prosperous cycle of the chemical product market, we increased the sales of high-profitability products. However, as affected by the impairment provision for some petrochemical assets with higher production and operation costs, our chemical operations realized an operating profit of RMB7,388 million, representing a decrease of 35.5%, as compared with RMB11,461 million in 2016.

~~Marketing Segment~~

~~Revenue~~Revenue of the marketing segment increased by 27.6% from RMB1,301,616 million in 2016 to RMB1,660,456 million in 2017. This increase was primarily due to the combined effects of (i) the increase in both sales volume and prices of such products as gasoline and kerosene, and the rise in the price and the decrease in the sales volume of diesel; and (ii) the increase in revenue derived from trading of oil products.

~~Operating Expenses~~Operating expenses of the marketing segment increased by 28.0% from RMB1,290,568 million in 2016 to RMB1,652,177 million in 2017, primarily due to an increase in the expenses for purchase of refined oil from external suppliers.

~~Profit from Operations~~In 2017, in active response to the unfavorable condition of fiercer competition in the market, the marketing segment aimed for maximizing the overall results of the company. In domestic operations, we kept strengthening connection between production, sales and inventory management, optimized allocation of resources, enhanced cost and expense control, improved the integration of marketing and increased the profit from our~~non-oil~~ business. In international trading, the marketing segment intensified the coordination and cooperation with domestic industrial chain, and optimized the import and export of oil and gas resources. In 2017, the marketing segment realized an operating profit of RMB8,279 million, representing a decrease of 25.1% as compared with RMB11,048 million in 2016.

~~Natural Gas and Pipeline Segment~~

~~Revenue~~Revenue of the natural gas and pipeline segment amounted to RMB295,786 million in 2017, representing an increase of 19.5% as compared with RMB247,477 million in 2016, primarily due to the increase in the sales volume of natural gas.

~~Operating Expenses~~Operating expenses of the natural gas and pipeline segment amounted to RMB280,098 million in 2017, representing an increase of 22.0% as compared with RMB229,592 million in 2016, primarily due to the increase in the expenses for purchasing natural gas.

~~Profit from Operations~~In 2017, in the natural gas and pipeline segment, we overcame the negative effects of decline in citygate price, optimized the allocation of resources, reduced comprehensive purchase costs, continued to enhance cost control, and realized an operating profit of RMB15,688 million, representing a decrease of 12.3% as compared with RMB17,885 million in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to the effects that (i) the impairment on goodwill related to the acquisition of PetroChina United Pipelines Co., Ltd. Amounted to RMB3,709 million; and (ii) the sales of imported gas recorded a net loss of RMB23,947 million, representing an increase of loss of RMB9,063 million as compared with 2016.

~~In 2017, our international operationsrealized a revenue of RMB721,374 million, accounting for 35.8% of the our total revenue. Profit before income tax expense amounted to RMB4,543 million, accounting for 8.6% of ourpre-tax~~ ~~profit. Our international operations maintained a healthy development with further improved international operating ability.~~

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of funding include cash generated by operating activities andshort-term andlong-term ~~borrowings.~~borrowings, which are expected to be sufficient for our funding requirements for at least the next twelve months. Our primary uses of funds were for operating activities, capital expenditures, repayment ofshort-term andlong-term borrowings and distributions of dividends to shareholders. Our payments to CNPC are limited to dividends and payments for services provided to us by CNPC. For the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we ~~distributed as~~distribute dividends of 45% of our ~~reported income for the year~~net profit attributable to owners of the Company ~~together with~~recorded under IFRS, and additional interim and final special dividends in return to our shareholders. See “Item 8 — Financial Information — Dividend Policy” for a discussion of factors which may affect the determination by our board of directors of the appropriate level of dividends.

Our financing ability may be limited by our financial condition, our results of operations and the international and domestic capital markets. Prior to accessing the international and domestic capital markets, we must obtain approval from the relevant PRC government authorities. In general, we must obtain PRC government approval for any project involving significant capital investment for our refining and chemicals, marketing and

natural gas and pipeline segments. For a more detailed discussion of factors which may affect our ability to satisfy our financing requirements, see “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Liquidity”.

We plan to fund the capital and related expenditures described in this annual report principally through cash from operating activities,short-term andlong-term borrowings and cash and cash equivalents. Net cash flows from operating activities in the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~RMB351,565~~RMB359,610 million. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of ~~RMB85,598~~RMB86,409 million. While each of the projects described in this annual report for which significant capital expenditures will be required is important to our future development, we do not believe that failure to implement any one of these projects would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. If the price of crude oil declines sharply in the future, it is likely that we would delay or reduce the scale of the capital expenditures for ~~our exploration and production~~each segment.

We currently do not have any outstanding options, warrants or other rights for any person to require us to issue any common stock at a price below its market value. We do not currently intend to issue any such rights or to otherwise issue any common stock for a price below its market value.

In addition, as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we did not have any transactions, arrangements or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that are reasonably likely to materially affect the liquidity or availability of or requirements for our capital resources.

The table below sets forth our cash flows for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 and our cash equivalents at the end of each year.


	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2017			2018			2017			2018			2019
	(RMB in millions)									(RMB in millions)
Net cash flows from operating activities		265,179			366,655			351,565			368,729			353,256			359,610
Net cash flows used for investing activities		(175,887	)		(243,546	)		(267,732	)		(243,790	)		(267,812	)		(332,948	)
Net cash flows used for financing activities		(67,007	)		(94,725	)		(123,515	)		(96,746	)		(125,703	)		(27,276	)
Currency translation difference		2,873			(3,538	)		2,503			(3,551	)		2,513			1,069
Cash and cash equivalents at year end		97,931			122,777			85,598			123,700			85,954			86,409

Our cash and cash equivalents ~~decreased~~increased by ~~30.3%~~0.5% from ~~RMB122,777~~RMB85,954 million as of December 31, ~~2017~~2018 to ~~RMB85,598~~RMB86,409 million as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our net cash flows from operating activities amounted to ~~RMB351,565~~RMB359,610 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, representing an increase of 1.8% from RMB353,256 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. This was mainly due to a combined effect of the changes in inventories, receivables, payables and contract obligations during the reporting period. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of RMB86,409 million. Our cash and cash equivalents were mainly denominated in US Dollars and Renminbi (approximately 57.2% were denominated in US Dollars, approximately 37.6% were denominated in Renminbi, approximately 3.6% were denominated in HK Dollars and approximately 1.6% were denominated in other currencies).

Our net cash flows from operating activities amounted to RMB353,256 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, representing a decrease of ~~4.1%~~4.2% from ~~RMB366,655~~RMB368,729 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. This was mainly due to a combined effect of the changes in inventories, receivables and payables and other working capital and the increase in taxes, employee fees during the reporting period. As of December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of ~~RMB85,598~~RMB85,954 million. Our cash and cash equivalents were mainly denominated in Renminbi and US Dollars (approximately 46.2% were denominated in Renminbi, approximately 49.1% were denominated in US Dollars, approximately 2.1% were denominated in HK Dollars and approximately 2.6% were denominated in other currencies).

Our net cash flows from operating activities amounted to RMB366,655 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, representing an increase of 38.3% from RMB265,179 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. This was mainly due to a combined effect of an increase in profit and strengthened management over inventories, payables and other working capital during the reporting period. As of December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of RMB122,777 million. Our cash and cash equivalents

were mainly denominated in Renminbi and US Dollars (approximately 57.8% were denominated in Renminbi, approximately 36.4% were denominated in US Dollars, approximately 4.9% were denominated in HK Dollars and approximately 0.9% were denominated in other currencies).

Our net cash flows from operating activities amounted to RMB265,179 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, representing an increase of 1.5% from RMB261,312 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. This was mainly due to a combined effect of a decrease in profit and the decrease in tax expenses during the reporting period. As of December 31, 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents of RMB97,931 million. Our cash and cash equivalents were mainly denominated in Renminbi and US Dollars (approximately 52.6% were denominated in US Dollars, approximately 44.3% were denominated in Renminbi, approximately 1.7% were denominated in HK Dollars and approximately 1.4% were denominated in other currencies).

Net Cash Flows Used for Investing Activities

Our net cash flows used for investing activities in 2019 amounted to RMB332,948 million, representing an increase of 24.3% from RMB267,812 million in 2018. The increase was primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures in 2019.

Our net cash flows used for investing activities in 2018 amounted to ~~RMB267,732~~RMB267,812 million, representing an increase of 9.9% from ~~RMB243,546~~RMB243,790 million in 2017. The increase was primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures as a ~~combined effect~~result of the adjustment of our investment plans based on the oil price trend and market changes ~~and the increase in capital expenditures~~ in 2018.

Our net cash flows used for investing activities in 2017 amounted to RMB243,546 million, representing an increase of 38.5% from RMB175,887 million in 2016. The increase was primarily due to a combined effect of the adjustment of our investment plans based on the oil price trend and market change and the increase in capital expenditures in 2017.

Our net cash flows used for investing activities in 2016 amounted to RMB175,887 million, representing a decrease of 18.5% from RMB215,879 million in 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a combined effect of the adjustment of our investment plans based on the oil price trend and market change, a decrease in capital expenditures during the current reporting period and payment of considerations for integration of certain pipelines assets in 2015.

Net Cash Flows Used for Financing Activities

Our net cash flows used for financing activities in ~~2018~~2019 was ~~RMB123,515~~RMB27,276 million, representing ~~an increase~~a decrease of ~~30.4%~~78.3% from ~~RMB94,725~~RMB125,703 million in ~~2017.~~2018. This was primarily due to ~~our efforts~~the changes in ~~optimizing our debt structure,~~long and short-term borrowings during the ~~decrease in amount of debts and the decrease in new borrowings in 2018.~~reporting period.

Our net cash flows used for financing activities in ~~2017~~2018 was ~~RMB94,725~~RMB125,703 million, representing an increase of ~~41.4%~~29.9% from ~~RMB67,007~~RMB96,746 million in ~~2016.~~2017. This was primarily due to a ~~combined effect~~decrease in new borrowings as a result of ~~(i)~~ our efforts ~~in optimizing~~to optimize our financial arrangement and debt structure; (ii) the decrease in amount of debts and financing cost, (iii) the decrease in long-term borrowings in 2017, and (iv) the increase in balance of short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2017.

Our net cash flows used for financing activities in 2016 was RMB67,007 million, representing an increase of 47.5% from RMB45,439 million in 2015. This was primarily due to a combined effect of (i) our efforts in optimizing financial arrangement and debt structure and ~~strengthening the management of~~reduce our ~~interest-bearing borrowings, (ii) the decrease~~debt in ~~financing cost, (iii) the decrease in long-term borrowings in 2016, and (iv) the increase in balance of short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2016.~~2018.

Our net borrowings as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 were as follows:


	As of December 31,						As of December 31,
	2016		2017		2018		2017		2018		2019
	(RMB in millions)						(RMB in millions)
Short-term borrowings (including current portion oflong-term borrowings)		143,384		175,417		137,738		184,601		145,150		175,840
Long-term borrowings		372,887		289,858		269,422		289,858		269,422		290,882

Total borrowings		516,271		465,275		407,160		474,459		414,572		466,722

Less: cash and cash equivalents		97,931		122,777		85,598		123,700		85,954		86,409

Net borrowings		418,340		342,498		321,562		350,759		328,618		380,313

The following table sets out the remaining contractual maturity of borrowings as at the respective dates according to the earliest contractual maturity dates. The amounts set out below are contractual undiscounted cash flows, including principal and interest:


	As of December 31,
	2018		2019
	(RMB in million)
Within 1 year		158,782		188,771
Between 1 and 2 years		98,939		30,090
Between 2 and 5 years		150,837		253,918
After 5 years		43,879		31,576

Total		452,437		504,355

Our total borrowings as of December 31, 2019 consisted of approximately 53.6% of fixed-rate loans and approximately 46.4% of floating-rate loans. Of our borrowings as of December 31, 2019, approximately 76.4% were denominated in Renminbi, approximately 21.5% were denominated in US Dollars and approximately 2.1% were denominated in other currencies.

Our total borrowings as of December 31, 2018 consisted of approximately ~~49.5%~~48.6% of fixed-rate loans and approximately ~~50.5%~~51.4% of floating-rate loans. Of our borrowings as of December 31, 2018, approximately ~~71.5%~~71.8% were denominated in Renminbi, approximately ~~26.2%~~25.9% were denominated in US Dollars and approximately 2.3% were denominated in other currencies.

Our total borrowings as of December 31, 2017 consisted of approximately ~~54.5%~~54.2% of fixed-rate loans and approximately ~~45.5%~~45.8% of floating-rate loans. Of our borrowings as of December 31, 2017, approximately ~~71.4% were denominated in Renminbi, approximately 26.7% were denominated in US Dollars and approximately 1.9% were denominated in other currencies.~~

Our total borrowings as of December 31, 2016 consisted of approximately 54.8% of fixed-rate loans and approximately 45.2% of floating-rate loans. Of our borrowings as of December 31, 2016, approximately 72.1%71.7% were denominated in Renminbi, approximately 26.5% were denominated in US Dollars and approximately ~~1.4%~~1.8% were denominated in other currencies.

Our debt to capital ratio (calculated by dividinginterest-bearing debts by the aggregate ofinterest-bearing debts and shareholder’s ~~equity)~~equity; interest-bearing debts including various long and short term borrowings) as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 was ~~27.3%~~25.5%, ~~25.2%~~22.7% and ~~22.4%~~24.4%.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the outstanding amount of our debts secured by CNPC and its subsidiaries and other third parties was ~~RMB27,685~~RMB22,313 million.

Capital Expenditures and Investments

In ~~2018,~~2019, we focused on the principles of quality ~~and profitability~~ for capital expenditures, continued to optimize our investment structure and control our overall capital expenditures, with a focus on the investment in upstream oil and gas projects in order to enhance our sustainable development capability. In ~~2018,~~2019, our capital expenditures were ~~RMB255,974~~RMB296,776 million, representing an increase of ~~18.4%~~15.9% from ~~RMB216,227~~RMB256,106 million in ~~2017.~~2018.

The table below sets forth our capital expenditures and investments by business segment for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018 as well as those anticipated for the year ending December 31,~~ 2019. ~~Actual~~Our board of directors has approved a total estimated capital expenditures of RBM295,000 million for 2020. Considering the impact ofCOVID-19 and the volatility in international oil prices, we intend to follow the principle of maintaining positive free cash flow, and ~~investments~~dynamically adjust our capital expenditures for ~~periods after January 1, 2019 may differ from the amounts indicated below.~~2020. Please refer to “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related toCOVID-19”.


	2016				2017				2018				2019 Anticipated				2017				2018				2019
	(RMB in millions)		%		(RMB in millions)		%		(RMB in millions)		%		(RMB in millions)		%		(RMB in millions)		%		(RMB in millions)		%		(RMB in millions)		%
Exploration and production⁽¹⁾		130,248		75.56		161,997		74.92		196,109		76.61		228,200		75.91		161,997		74.87		196,109		76.57		230,117		77.54
Refining and chemicals		12,847		7.45		17,705		8.19		15,287		5.97		38,800		12.91		17,859		8.25		15,419		6.02		21,279		7.17
Marketing		7,983		4.63		10,982		5.08		17,010		6.65		14,600		4.86		10,982		5.08		17,010		6.64		17,618		5.94
Natural gas and pipeline		20,340		11.80		24,529		11.34		26,502		10.35		17,800		5.92		24,529		11.34		26,502		10.35		27,004		9.10
Headquarters and others		968		0.56		1,014		0.47		1,066		0.42		1,200		0.40		1,014		0.46		1,066		0.42		758		0.25

Total		172,386		100.00		216,227		100.00		255,974		100.00		300,600		100.00		216,381		100.00		256,106		100.00		296,776		100.00

(1)

If investments related to geological and geophysical exploration costs are included, the capital expenditures and investments for the exploration and production segment in ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018, ~~and the estimates for the same in~~ 2019 would be ~~RMB139,135 million,~~ RMB176,426 million, RMB206,256 million and ~~RMB239,200~~RMB241,992 million, respectively.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the capital commitments contracted but not provided for by us were approximately ~~RMB41,989~~RMB56,856 million.

Exploration and Production

A majority of our capital expenditures and investments relate to our exploration and production segment. For each of the three years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, capital expenditures in relation to the exploration and production segment amounted to ~~RMB130,248 million,~~ RMB161,997 million, ~~and~~ RMB196,109 million and RMB230,117, respectively. In ~~2018,~~2019, our capital expenditures were primarily used for the exploration projects in our 16 domestic oil and gas fields, construction of production facilities in our oil and gas fields, and the exploration and development projects in our five major overseas oil and gas cooperation regions.

~~We anticipate that the capital expenditures for our exploration and production segment in 2019 would amount to RMB228,200 million. Domestic~~ exploration activities ~~will be focused on~~in the key basins such as Songliao Basin, Erdos Basin, Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Bohai Bay ~~Basin. Domestic~~Basin and for development activities ~~will be focused on a growth~~ in the ~~production of crude oil and natural gas by developing~~ oil and gas fields inof Daqing, Changqing, Liaohe, Xinjiang, Tarim and the Southwest region, ~~and enhancing the development of unconventional resources such~~ as ~~shale gas. Overseas operations will be aimed at continued cooperation with our current partners in~~well as for the operation of ~~the~~ existing projects and the development of new projects in the Middle East, Central Asia, the Americas and the Asia-Pacific regions, ~~to ensure~~and realized an effective growth in our production and profitability.

We anticipate that the capital expenditures for our exploration and production segment in 2020 will be as follows. Domestic exploration activities will continue to be focused on the key basins such as Songliao Basin, Erdos Basin, Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Bohai Bay Basin and we will strengthen the development of ~~our reserves~~unconventional resources such as shale gas. We will endeavor to achieve an oil and ~~production.~~gas equivalent output of more than 200 million tons in 2020. Overseas operations will still be aimed at the operation of existing projects in the Middle East, Central Asia, the Americas and the Asia-Pacific regions to endeavor to maintain good quality development and high profitability.

Refining and Chemicals

Our capital expenditures for our refining and chemicals segment for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 were ~~RMB12,847~~RMB17,859 million, ~~RMB17,705~~RMB15,419 million and ~~RMB15,287~~RMB21,279 million, respectively. In ~~2018,~~

2019, our capital expenditures were mainly spent on the construction of large-scale refining and chemicals facilities, including projects such as the refining-chemical integration project at Guangdong Petrochemical, the project in relation to adjustment of product structure at Daqing Petrochemical, the large-scale refining-chemical projects of ~~Liaoyang Petrochemical~~producing ethylene out of ethane in Changqing and ~~Huabei Petrochemical~~Tarim, and certain other oil product quality upgrading projects.

~~We anticipate that the~~Our capital expenditures for the refining and chemicals segment in ~~2019 would amount to RMB38,800 million, which~~2020 are expected to be used primarily for the refining-chemical integration project of

at Guangdong Petrochemical, ~~Daqing Petrochemical’s~~the Jieyang ABS project of Jilin Petrochemical, project in relation to adjustment ~~and upgrading~~ of product structure at Daqing Petrochemical, the large-scale refining-chemical projects of producing ethylene out of ethane in Changqing and Tarim, and certain refining-chemical transformation and upgrading projects.

Marketing

Our capital expenditures for our marketing segment for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 were ~~RMB7,983 million,~~ RMB10,982 million, RMB17,010 million and ~~RMB17,010~~RMB17,618 million, respectively. Our capital expenditures for the marketing segment in ~~2018~~2019 were mainly used for the construction and expansion of refined oil sales networks, engineering works for safety and environmental protection such as anti-seepage renovation of service stations, ~~storage facilities~~ and ~~other~~construction of overseas facilities for ~~our sales network.~~storage, transmission and sale of oil and gas.

~~We anticipate that the~~Our capital expenditures for our marketing segment for the year of ~~2019 will amount to RMB14,600 million, which~~2020 are expected to be used primarily for the construction and expansion of refined oil sales networks and the construction of the overseas oil and gas ~~operation centers.~~centers storage and transmission facilities.

Natural Gas and Pipeline

Our capital expenditures for the natural gas and pipeline segment for each of the three years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 were ~~RMB20,340 million,~~ RMB24,529 million, RMB26,502 million and ~~RMB26,502~~RMB27,004 million, respectively. Our capital expenditures for the natural gas and pipeline segment in ~~2018~~2019 were mainly used for construction projects ~~including~~of important natural gas trunk lines such as the China-Russia East Natural Gas Pipeline and the Fujian-Guangdong branch line of the Third West-East Gas Pipeline, ~~the north section of the China-Russia East Natural Gas Pipeline, the Second China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline~~LNG storage and ~~the Jinzhou-Zhengzhou Refined Oil Pipeline.~~transmission facilities for peak regulation, interconnection lines, branch lines and sales terminals.

~~We anticipate that our~~Our capital expenditures for the natural gas and pipeline segment in ~~2019 will amount to approximately RMB17,800 million, which~~2020 are expected to be used primarily for the construction of key natural gas ~~transmission~~trunk line projects such as the China-Russia East Natural Gas Pipeline, ~~Fujian-Guangdong branch of~~ the ~~Third West-East Gas Pipeline, the~~Shenzhen LNG ~~equipment~~storage and ~~other facilities~~transmission project for peak regulation, ~~storage and transportation,~~ the natural gas interconnection projects, as well as the construction of gas branches and sales terminals.

Headquarters and Others

Our~~non-segment-specific~~non-segment capital expenditures and investments for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018~~2019 were ~~RMB968 million,~~ RMB1,014 million, RMB1,066 million and ~~RMB1,066~~RMB758 million, respectively, which were primarily used for setting up the research ~~activities~~test platform and development of ~~the~~our IT system.

Our ~~anticipated~~ capital expenditures for the headquarters and others in ~~2019 will amount~~2020 are expected to ~~RMB1,200 million. These planned capital expenditures and investments mainly include capital expenditures~~be used for improvement of the scientific research ~~activities~~facilities and ~~the~~ development of ~~the~~our IT system.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were nooff-balance sheet arrangements that had or were reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Long-Term Contractual Obligations and Other

Commercial Commitments and Payment Obligations

All information that is not historical in nature disclosed under “Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects —Long-Term Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments and Payment Obligations” is deemed to be a forward looking statement. See“Forward-Looking Statements” for additional information.

The tables below set forth ourlong-term contractual obligations outstanding as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.


	Payment Due by Period										Payment Due by Period
Contractual Obligations	Total		Less Than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		After 5 Years		Total		Less Than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		After 5 Years
	(RMB in millions)										(RMB in millions)
Long-term debt		344,792		75,370		178,543		52,865		38,014		376,225		85,343		180,489		81,979		28,414
Capital lease obligations		1,165		138		253		254		520
Operating leases		227,935		12,664		20,477		18,745		176,049
Lease obligations												276,154		14,304		26,546		24,554		210,750
Capital commitments		41,989		7,936		34,025		28		—		56,856		15,017		41,803		36		—
Otherlong-term obligations		—		—		—		—		—
Debt-related interest		35,693		11,460		13,626		4,742		5,865		37,634		12,931		16,214		5,310		3,179

Total		651,574		107,568		246,924		76,634		220,448		746,869		127,595		265,052		111,879		242,343

We are obligated to make annual payment with respect to our exploration and production licenses to the Ministry of Natural Resources. The table below sets forth the estimated amount of the annual payments in the next five years:


Year	Annual Payment		Annual Payment
	(RMB in millions)		(RMB in millions)
2019		800
2020		800		800
2021		800		800
2022		800		800
2023		800		800
2024				800

Assets Retirement Obligation

~~A number~~Most of the provinces and regions in which our oil and gas exploration and production activities are located have promulgated environmental protection regulations, which set forth specific abandonment and disposal processes for oil and gas exploration and production activities. We have established standard abandonment procedures, including plugging all retired wells, dismantling all retired metering stations and other related facilities and performing site restoration, in response to the issuance of these provincial and regional regulations. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the balance of assets retirement obligation was ~~RMB132,780~~RMB137,935 million.

Research and Development

We have a research and development management department, directly under which there are three research institutions. Except for our branch companies which are engaged in marketing activities, each of our branch companies has its own research and development management department. Most of our branch companies have their own research institutions. Our research and development management departments are mainly responsible for managing and coordinating the research and development activities conducted by each of the research institutions. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had 39,377 employees in our research and development departments and institutions.

In each of the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, our total expenditures for research and development (including capitalized expenditures) were approximately ~~RMB17,565~~RMB 18,601 million, ~~RMB18,601~~RMB21,045 million and ~~RMB21,045~~RMB21,410 million, respectively.

Exploration and Production

Most of China’s major oil and gas fields are characterized by a broad range of geological conditions, and a majority of China’s oil and gas fields are in continental sedimentary basins with complex structures. Our research and development efforts with respect to our exploration and production business focus on:

theories and technologies of crude oil and natural gas exploration;

oil and gas development theories and technologies;

engineering technologies and equipment;

theories and technologies for oil and gas storage and transportation; and

technologies for security, energy conservation and environmental protection.

Refining and Chemicals

Currently, our research and development efforts in the refining and chemicals segment are focusing on the following areas:

technologies for clean refined oil products;

technologies for unqualified heavy oil processing;

refining-chemical integration technologies;

technologies for production of olefin aromatics;

technologies for new products of synthetic resin and synthetic rubber;

new catalyst and catalytic materials; and

technologies for safety, energy saving and environmental protection.

Trend Information

In ~~2019,~~2020, the global economy is ~~expected to recover slowly with~~still running the ~~economic environment still facing risks~~risk of moving downhill because of, among other things, geopolitical tension, uncertainty of international trade situation, climate change and ~~challenges.~~the spread ofCOVID-19 in various countries around the world. As supply and demand in the global oil market eases, international oil prices are expected to be maintained in the lower range, though likely to ~~demonstrate~~take a ~~wide-range~~further downturn. China is set to be affected byCOVID-19 significantly in its economic operation, but the fundamental trend of ~~volatility~~steady improvement and ~~remain uncertain to a large extent. China’s economy~~long-term improvement is not expected to stay within a reasonable ambit and the consumption demand for oil and gas in China is expected to maintain growth momentum generally while the consumption of natural gas in particular is expected to continue on a fast track. Given a series of favorable policies, such as the expedited implementation of structural reform on the oil and gas sector, formulation of rules for a fair, open and transparent market and~~build-up~~ ~~of a business environment based on the rule of law, as well as tax and duty cuts on an even larger scale, a fairer market environment~~change. The Company will ~~be nurtured which is expected to facilitate our long-term business development. We will continue to~~ adhere to ~~our steady development guidelines, insist on quality-based business development, fully implement our four major strategies regarding~~its resources, ~~market, globalization~~marketization, internationalization and innovation ~~continue~~strategies, implement new concepts of development, pushing ahead quality-based development, endeavor to ~~optimize~~reform and undertake breakthrough innovations in key areas, build a solid base for business security and environmental protection, increase its attention on green andlow-carbon development, digital transformation, intelligent development and value creation to comprehensively improve quality and profitability and endeavor to make substantial progress to enhance the ~~structure~~capabilities of ~~our industry chain, improve the~~growth and value of our oil and gas business chains, and vigorously intensify measures to broaden our sources of income and to reduce expenditure as well as cut costs and enhance efficiency, in an effort to maintain a steady and positive improvement of our production and operations, and continue to improve our market competitiveness and corporate value.creation.

In respect of exploration and production, ~~we will insist on efficient~~the Company expects to optimize the deployment of exploration and ~~development at a low cost,~~production, and ~~make great efforts~~further consolidate the resource base. The Company expects to continue to increase risk exploration, focusing on target areas such as ancient carbonate rocks, deep and ultra-deep reservoir, unconventional and greenfield target areas, emphasizingin-depth preliminary survey, striving to make technical developments, leading to strategic discoveries and breakthroughs. By targeting spacious basins and pits loaded with oil and gas, and strengthening concentrated exploration, refining exploration and efficient evaluation, the

Company will endeavor to locate recoverable reserves ~~and production as well as improve profitability. With regards to our~~that can be economically producible with scale. The Company will level up trials in oil and gas exploration ~~we aim~~with a view to ~~explore large-scale and high quality reserves, strengthen centralized exploration and precise exploration~~profitable development, control the rate of ~~major basins and key series and strata, promote comprehensive exploration of resources including tight oil and gas, shale oil and gas and coalbed methane to consolidate the~~

~~resource base, and strive to acquire mineable reserves with economies of scale. With respect to our oil and gas production, we will, on the basis of stable output of oil~~diminishing productivity and increase the recovery ratio, maintaining the overall stability of ~~gas, carry out construction of key projects to increase our~~crude oil production ~~capacity, endeavor to ensure stable production in existing oil fields~~levels and~~start-up~~ of new projects, both in pursuit of efficiency and profitability, focusing on optimization, arrangement and adjustment of development plans, achieve lean manufacturing driven by innovation and a balance between production and efficiency, advance unconventional oil and gas businesses such as coalbed methane and shale gas in an orderly manner and endeavor to increase both production and efficiency. the higher growth for natural gas.

In respect of refining and chemicals, the Company will focus on the high quality development by pushing ahead business restructuring and technical innovation to effect a conversion and upgrading of refining activities. Focusing on market demand, resources will be prioritized to more profitable companies and most efficient processing routes. We expect to also enhance benchmark management and cost control, continuously improving technical and economic performance indicators. According to the technical characteristics of each equipment, we ~~will, taking into account efficiency, resources and market conditions, make scientific and reasonable arrangements for processing load, continue~~expect to optimize the crude oil resource ~~allocation~~pool and ~~product structure, in order to achieve~~reduce the ~~most efficient utilization~~cost of ~~resources and to maximize overall value. In respect~~raw materials, enhance the competitiveness of ~~the refining business, we will endeavor to ensure a reasonable diesel-gasoline ratio, increase production of high-profitability and featured products; in respect of the~~our chemical business ~~we will, in consideration of the market cycle, broaden sources of quality chemical raw materials, accelerate research~~ and ~~development on new products needed by the market, enhance the proportion of products that are~~vigorously develophigh-end ~~high value-added~~ and ~~high profitability.~~special and precise chemical products with key projects being pushed ahead in a well-ordered manner.

In respect of marketing, the Company expects to strengthen its marketing capabilities, coordinate resource deployment, to endeavor to ensure adequate supply for upstream production and realize value along the crude oil industrial chain. With a view of being customer-focused and market-oriented, efforts will be focused on market expansion, increasing retail sales volume and enhancing profitability, as well as scientifically organizing well-informed management and implementing innovative marketing strategies and methods, pushing ahead integration of ~~chemical products, we~~multiple modes of business operations online and offline, improving performance appraisal and incentive schemes to enhance sales and profitability. We will ~~proceed with anin-depth~~ ~~study~~also level up development of high-quality marketing ~~strategy, to try to optimize our geographic deployment,~~networks in strategic areas, steadily explore the~~high-end~~ ~~market~~ construction and ~~push ahead~~operation of comprehensive supply stations providing oil, gas, power and hydrogen at the ~~strategy of “Internet + Marketing”. We will continue to push forward transformation~~same time, enhancing marketing through convenience stores and upgrading of our oil refining and chemical business, accelerate structural adjustment and optimization, and steadily level up the efficiency in our business operations. In respect of sales, we will delve deep in our market survey and our analysis of the competitive trends to increase our market share in specific segments, enhance efficiency and carry out a flexible competitive strategy. We will stress the core role of oil stations and expedite our efforts to establish a group of oil stations that are demonstration class and meet the 3.0 standards. Meantime, we will enhance cross-over consolidation of service, goods, internet and financing functions and implementexploring innovative ~~initiatives with respect to well-integrated marketing, strengthened mutual promotion between oil and~~non-oil ~~businesses,~~based business models and ~~enhanced innovation at terminals.~~operation mechanisms.

In respect of natural gas and pipeline, ~~we will devote efforts to optimize our resources and terminal sales in order to improve~~ the ~~value of the natural gas industry chain. We~~Company will coordinate resources both domestic and abroad, improve the multiple gas supply system, enhance management on the~~start-up~~ demand-side and set up a resource allocation mechanism matching demand in the market. We will promote interacting and interconnecting projects and make LNG terminals and gas tanks operate in a more efficient manner, strive hard to make up for deficiencies from gas storage peak shaving in a timely manner and, endeavor to ensure stable supply to the market and smooth operations of ~~major domestic~~our business chains. We will endeavor to develop the city gas ~~fields,~~market by integration into the provincial pipeline network, and ~~import resources from abroad according~~strive to ~~market demand. By leveraging platforms such as our trading center~~develop the urban gas market. Active changes will be made to marketing methods and ~~entering into more online transactions through the bidding process,~~ we will ~~also step up our~~carry out a “tagging” sales strategy, increase deployment of resources in high-profitability market, accelerate the pace ~~in exploring~~of marketization of gas prices and promote value-added services to effect growing sales and profitability. Construction of such major pipelines for the~~high-end~~ ~~market, optimizing sales targets,~~ purpose of increasing interconnection as the middle part of China-Russia East Natural Gas Pipeline and ~~striving to maintain a stable market share. We~~middle part of Third West-East Gas Pipeline will ~~continue to push forward the construction of key pipelines~~be accelerated and ~~reinforce the construction of natural gas branches and terminal facilities.~~pipeline security management will be upgraded continuously for safe operation.

In respect of international operations, the Company will focus on enhancing profitability, continuously optimizing overseas strategic deployment and asset structure, engaging international petroleum companies in strategic cooperation and taking further steps in developing new projects. We will strengthen onshore exploration, implement progressive high-efficiency exploration and promote deep-water exploration to maximize economically recoverable reservoirs. Existing projects will be operated with high quality. We will keep a close watch on changes in various risks and take effective measures for safe and smooth operations of overseas projects, enhancing the strength and capability of our international business.

Impact ofCOVID-19

Since January 2020, theCOVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the Chinese and global economy, which has significantly impacted the Company. In order to prevent the spread ofCOVID-19, many

governments have adopted strict restrictions, including restrictions on international and local travel, public gatherings and participation in meetings, and the closure of schools, shops, restaurants, and some factories. Some countries have imposed strict curfews. As a result, the market demand for, and the prices of, the Company’s oil and gas products have declined. All of our business segments have been significantly affected, and we face heightened challenges in operation and management along the entire oil and gas industry chain. Please refer to “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related toCOVID-19”. The Company actively responded to theCOVID-19 pandemic and set up a leading group for prevention and control of theCOVID-19 pandemic. The leading group has timely arranged various measures to protect employees’ health and safety, promote production and operation in a safe, stable and orderly manner. The Company will strive to broaden sources of income, reduce expenditure, cut costs, enhance efficiency, optimize debt repayment structure, actively promote price maximization, and accelerate the development of domestic natural gas business, and endeavor to minimize any loss arising from theCOVID-19 pandemic and sustainably develop our business in the long run. As of the date of this report, there is still significant uncertainty about the short-term and long-term adverse effects of theCOVID-19 pandemic on the global and Chinese economy and financial markets, as such, we cannot accurately predict the short-term or long-term impact of theCOVID-19 on us. We will closely monitor any developments and make timely adjustments to our business decisions accordingly.

Volatility of International Crude Oil Prices

Since the beginning of March 2020, the international crude oil price has fallen sharply due to a pessimistic outlook on the world economy affected by theCOVID-19 pandemic and oversupply of crude oil in the global market. The decline in international crude oil prices is expected to greatly affect the Company’s upstream business profits and oil and gas import costs, and affect the Company’s downstream business profits through China’s pricing mechanism of refined oil, thereby adversely affecting the Company’s overall sales revenue and profits. We are actively responding to the risk of crude oil price volatility, and strive to maintain stable and healthy development of production and operation. See “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Pricing and Exchange Rate”.

Short-Term Readjustment of Natural Gas Price

On February 22, 2020, the NDRC issued theNotice on Interim Reduction of Gas Cost forNon-resident Use to Support Resumption of Work and Production (the “Notice”), pursuant to which, acting on the PRC government’s guideline in respect of proper coordination ofanti-COVID-19 efforts as well as economic and social development, the cost ofnon-resident use of gas will be lowered in the short term. Starting from the date thereof to June 30, 2020,off-season price policies shall be implemented in advance for the city gate prices of natural gas fornon-resident use, greater price discounts shall be provided to industries, such as chemical fertilizer producers, which are deeply affected by theCOVID-19, and theend-user prices of natural gas shall be timely reduced. The sales revenue and profits of natural gas sales of our Company will be affected to certain extent. However, we will endeavor to optimize our production and operations and push ahead the sustainable development of high quality business.

The Chinese Government Further Liberalizes Oil and Gas Market Access

On June 30, 2019, the NDRC and the MOFCOM issuedSpecial Management Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2019 Edition), pursuant to which, starting from the date thereof, the restrictions on oil and gas exploration and development being limited to joint ventures and cooperation will be lifted. On December 22, 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issuedOpinions on Creating a Better Development Environment toSupport the Reform and Development of Private Enterprises (“Opinion”). This Opinion intends to further liberalize market access for private enterprises. It aims to liberalize competitive businesses and further introduce market competition mechanisms in the key industries and fields such as power, telecommunications, railways, oil and natural gas, to support private enterprises to enter the fields of oil and gas exploration and development, refining and sales, and to build

infrastructure such as storage, transportation and pipeline transportation of crude oil, natural gas and refined oil, and to support qualified enterprises to participate in crude oil imports and refined oil exports. These policy changes will intensify competition in the oil and gas industry in the long run, and may adversely affect our business development and operating results.

Reform of the Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Operation Mechanism

On March 19, 2019, the PRC government passed theOpinions on Implementation of the Reform of the Operation Mechanism of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network (the “Opinion”). According to the Opinion, the PRC government will carry out reforms of the oil and gas pipeline operation mechanism. An oil and gas pipeline network operator will be established, which will have diversified investors with state-owned capital holding the majority stake. The Opinion states that the PRC government will form an oil and gas market system with multi-channel suppliers in the upstream, an integrated pipeline network with high efficiency in the middle-stream, and a fully competitive market in the downstream, to improve the efficiency of oil and gas resource allocation. On May 24, 2019, a number of Chinese government agencies jointly issued theRegulations on the Fair Opening of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Facilities, pursuant to which, from May 24, 2019, oil and gas pipeline network operators shall providenon-discriminatory services of oil and gas transportation, storage, gasification, loading and unloading, transshipment to users who meet the accessing conditions; without proper reasons, they must not delay, refuse to sign service contracts with users who meet the accessing conditions, and must not make unreasonable requirements. On December 9, 2019, the PRC government established the National Pipeline Network Company. The National Pipeline Network Company is in discussions with the Company regarding a possible acquisition of certain pipeline assets from the Company. As at the date of this report, no definitive agreement has been reached. For this potential transaction, the Company will continue to ~~improve~~adhere to the ~~strategic layout~~principles of fairness, equality and marketization in order to serve the interests of the ~~five major overseas oil and gas cooperation zones,~~shareholders of the ~~four major strategic oil and gas channels and~~Company as a whole. However, there is no assurance that the ~~three major oil and gas operation hubs, further integrate resources and adjust structures, and increase operation efficiency as well as profitability. We~~definitive agreement, if any, will ~~enhance strategic cooperation, emphasize~~not bring any adverse effect on the ~~exploration and development of existing key projects and high-profitability projects, and endeavor to push ahead efficient and quality-based~~ development of our ~~oil~~natural gas and ~~gas~~pipeline business operation outside China. We will leverage on the synergy and cooperation between international trading and production and sales, make overall arrangements for import and export structures as well as domestic and foreign resources, improve trading channels and our ~~marketing network, and improve our capability~~operation results. Please refer to ~~allocate resources and create profits.~~“Item 3 — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Government Regulation”.

Other than as disclosed above and elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the periods covered in this annual report that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenue, profit, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause the disclosed financial information to be misleading.

Other Information

Inflation

Inflation or deflation did not have a significant impact on our results of operations for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Related Party Transactions

For a discussion of related party transactions, see “Item 7 — Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions” and Note 3837 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.

Recent Developments in IFRS

For a detailed discussion of recent developments in IFRS, see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.

Item 6— DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

Directors, Senior Management and Supervisors

As of the date of this report, our board of directors ~~consisted~~consists of 1011 directors, five of whom ~~were~~are independentnon-executive directors. Directors are elected at shareholder meetings for three-year term. The directors may bere-elected andre-appointed upon the expiration of his/her term of office. The functions and duties conferred on the board of directors include:

convening shareholders’ meetings and reporting its work to the shareholders’ meeting;

implementing the resolutions of the shareholders’ meeting;

determining our business plans and investment programs;

formulating our annual budget and final accounts;

formulating our profit distribution and loss recovery proposals;

formulating proposals for the increase or reduction of our registered capital and the issuance of our debentures or other securities and listings;

proposing to redeem shares, merge,spin-off, dissolve or otherwise change the form of the ~~Company;~~company;

deciding on our internal management structure;

appointing or dismissing the president of the company, and upon the nomination of the president, appointing or dismissing the senior vice president, vice president, chief financial officer and other senior management, and determining matters relating to their remuneration;

formulating our basic management system;

preparing amendments to our articles of association;

managing the information disclosures of our company; and

exercising any other powers and duties conferred by the shareholders at general meetings.

~~Five~~Six of the directors are affiliated with CNPC or its subsidiaries.

The PRC Company Law requires a joint stock company with limited liability to establish a supervisory committee. This requirement is reflected in our articles of association. The supervisory committee is responsible for monitoring our financial matters and overseeing the corporate actions of our board of directors and our senior management personnel. AtAs of the ~~end~~date of this ~~reporting period,~~report, the supervisory committee ~~consisted~~consists of nine supervisors, five of whom were elected, and may be removed, by the shareholders in a general meeting, and four of whom are employees representatives who were elected by our staff, and may be removed, by our staff. ~~Five of our supervisors are affiliated with CNPC.~~ The term of office of our supervisors is three years. The supervisors may bere-elected andre-appointed. ~~An elected~~A supervisor cannot concurrently hold the position of a director, president, senior vice president, vice president or chief financial officer in our company.

The supervisory committee shall be responsible to the shareholders’ meeting and shall exercise the following functions and powers in accordance with law:

to review the periodic reports prepared by the board of directors and issue written opinions in connection with such review;

to review our financial condition;

to oversee the performance of duties by the directors, the president, senior vice presidents, vice presidents, the chief financial officer and other senior officers of the company and to propose the removal of any of the foregoing persons who acts in contravention of any law, regulation, the company’s articles of association or any resolutions of the shareholders’ meeting;

to demand any director, the president, senior vice president, vice president, the chief financial officer or any other senior officer who acts in a manner which is harmful to the company’s interest to rectify such behavior;

to check the financial information such as the financial report, business report and plans for distribution of profits to be submitted by the board of directors at the shareholders’ meetings and to authorize, in the company’s name, publicly certified and practicing auditors to assist in there-examination of such information should any doubt arise in respect thereof;

to propose the convening of an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, and convene and preside over a shareholders’ meeting when the board fails to perform its duties to do so as set forth in the PRC Company Law;

to submit proposals at the shareholders’ meetings;

to confer with any director, or initiate legal proceedings on behalf of the company against any director, the president, senior vice president, vice president, the chief financial officer or any other senior officer in accordance with Article 152 of the PRC Company Law;

to initiate investigations upon being aware of any extraordinary development in the operational conditions of the company;

together with the audit committee of the board of directors, to review the performance of the outside auditors on a yearly basis, and to propose the engagement, renewal of engagement and termination of engagement of the outside auditors, as well as the service fees with respect to the audit services;

to oversee the compliance of related party transactions; and

other functions and powers as set forth in the articles of association of the company.

~~Supervisors~~

Supervisors shall attend meetings of the board of directors as observers.

In the event that any action of our directors adversely affects our interests, supervisors shall confer with or initiate legal proceedings against such directors on our behalf. A resolution proposed at any meeting of the supervisory committee shall be adopted only if it is approved bytwo-thirds or more of our supervisors.

Our senior management is appointed by and serves at the supervision of our board of directors. The board of directors will review, evaluate and supervise the performance of the management and reward or punish the members of the management in accordance with relevant rules and regulations.

The following table sets forth certain information concerning our directors, supervisors and executive officers as of the date of this report:


Name⁽¹⁾	Age		Position	Time of Election⁽²⁾
~~Wang Yilin~~Dai Houliang		6256	Chairman of the Board of Directors	~~June 2015~~March 2020
Li Fanrong		56	Vice Chairman andNon-executive Director	March 2020
Liu Yuezhen		58	Non-executive Director	May 2014
Lv Bo		57	Non-executive Director	~~May 2014~~March 2020
~~Liu Hongbin~~Jiao Fangzheng		5557	Non-executive Director	~~May 2014~~June 2019
~~Hou Qijun~~Duan Liangwei		52	Executive Director and President	June 2017
~~Duan Liangwei~~		51	~~Non-executive~~ ~~Director~~	~~June 2017~~
Lin Boqiang		6162	IndependentNon-executive Director	May 2014
Zhang Biyi		6566	IndependentNon-executive Director	October 2014
Elsie LeungOi-sie		7980	IndependentNon-executive Director	June 2017
Tokuchi Tatsuhito		6667	IndependentNon-executive Director	June 2017
Simon Henry		5758	IndependentNon-executive Director	June 2017
Xu Wenrong		5758	Chairman of the Supervisory Committee
Zhang Fengshan		5758	Supervisor
Jiang Lifu		5556	Supervisor
Lu Yaozhong		5354	Supervisor
Wang Liang		5657	Supervisor
Fu Suotang		57	Supervisor appointed by employees’ representatives
Li Jiamin		56	Supervisor appointed by employees’ representatives
Liu Xianhua		56	Supervisor appointed by employees’ representatives
Li ~~Jiamin~~Wendong		55	~~Supervisor appointed by employees’ representatives~~
~~Liu Xianhua~~		55	~~Supervisor appointed by employees’ representatives~~
~~Li Wendong~~		54	Supervisor appointed by employees’ representatives
Sun Longde		5657	Vice President
Wu Enlai		5859	Secretary to the Board of Directors
Li Luguang		5657	Vice President
Tian Jinghui		5657	Vice President
Chai Shouping		5758	Chief Financial Officer
Ling Xiao		5556	Vice President
Yang Jigang		55	~~Vice President~~
~~Wang Zhongcai~~		5956	Vice President

(1)	The following changes have taken place to our board of directors, supervisors and senior management since our last annual report:

On June ~~5, 2018,~~13, 2019, Mr. Zhang ~~Jianhua~~Wei was appointed as anon-executive director and the ~~president~~vice chairman of the Company, and the chairman of the investment and development committee of the Company; and Mr. ~~Li Luguang~~Jiao Fangzheng was appointed as a ~~vice president of the Company. Mr. Lin Aiguo resigned from the position of chief engineer due to age.~~

~~On June 7, 2018, Mr. Yu Baocai resigned from the position as a~~non-executive director of the Company and a member of the ~~evaluation~~health, safety and ~~remuneration~~environment committee ~~due to position adjustment.~~of the Company.

On ~~November 14, 2018,~~December 3, 2019, Mr. ~~Zhang Jianhua resigned from the position as~~Liu Hongbin ceased being a ~~vice-chairman, executive~~ director ~~and president~~ of the Company and a member of the investment and development committee of the Company due to work adjustment.

On December 9, 2019, Mr. Zhang Wei resigned from the position ~~adjustment.~~as anon-executive director and the vice chairman of the Company, and ceased being the chairman of the investment and development committee of the Company due to work adjustment; and Mr. Hou Qijun resigned from the position as the executive director and president of the Company and the position as a member of the performance review and

compensation committee, and ceased being as a member of the health, safety and environment committee of the Company.

On January 19, 2020, Mr. Wang Yilin stepped down from the position as the chairman of the Company, and ceased being the chairman of the nomination committee of the Company due to his age.

On March ~~21, 2019,~~9, 2020, Mr. ~~Hou Qijun~~Duan Liangwei was appointed as the president of the Company.

On ~~April 15, 2019,~~March 25, 2020, Mr. ~~Qin Weizhong resigned from~~Dai Houliang was elected as a director of the ~~position~~Company and the chairman of the nomination committee of the Company; Mr. Li Fanrong was elected as the vice chairman of the Company and the chairman of the investment and development committee of the Company; and Mr. Lv Bo was elected as anon-executive director of the Company and a member of the health, safety and environment committee of the Company.

On April 3, 2020, Mr. Wang Zhongcai stepped down from his position as a vice president of the Company due to ~~position adjustment.~~his age.

(2)	For directors only.

Directors

~~Wang Yilin,~~Dai Houliang, age ~~62,~~56, is the chairman of our company, and concurrently the chairman, ~~of CNPC~~ and the secretary of the ~~Communist Party of China (“CPC”)~~CPC Leadership Group, of CNPC. Mr. ~~Wang~~Dai is a professor-level senior engineer ~~and holds~~with a doctorate ~~degree. He~~degree, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and has extensive ~~work~~working experience in China’s petroleum and petrochemical industry. In December 1997, he was appointed as vice president of Yangzi Petrochemical Corporation, and as a director and vice president of Yangzi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. in April 1998. In July 2002, he was appointed as the vice chairman, president, and a member of the standing committee of the CPC Committee, of Yangzi Petrochemical Co., Ltd., and a director of Yangzi Petrochemical Corporation. From December 2003, he served as the chairman, president, and a member of the standing committee of the CPC Committee, of Yangzi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. and concurrently as the chairman of Yangzi Petrochemical Corporation, and from November 2004 concurrently as the chairman ofBASF-YPC Company Limited. From September 2005, he served as the deputy chief financial officer of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (“Sinopec”), and from November 2005 as a vice president and deputy chief financial officer of Sinopec, and from May 2006 as a director, senior vice president and chief financial officer of Sinopec. In June 2008, he was appointed as a member of the CPC Committee of China Petrochemical Corporation (“Sinopec Group”). From May 2016, he served as the president, a director, and the deputy secretary of the CPC Leadership Group, of Sinopec Group, and from August 2016 concurrently as the vice chairman and president of Sinopec, and from May 2018 concurrently as the chairman and the president of Sinopec. In July 2018, he was appointed as the chairman, and the secretary of the CPC Committee, of Sinopec Group. Mr. Dai has served as the chairman, and the secretary of the CPC Committee, of CNPC since January 2020, and concurrently as the chairman of our company since March 2020.

Li Fanrong, age 56, is the vice chairman of our company, and concurrently a director, president, and deputy secretary of the CPC Leadership Group, of CNPC. He is a professor-level senior engineer with a master’s degree and has extensive working experience in China’s oil and gas industry. ~~Mr. Wang~~He was appointed as a vice president of CNOOC China Limited Shenzhen Branch Company in January 2002 and the general manager of the Development & Production Department of CNOOC Limited in November 2005. He was appointed as the ~~standing member of the CPC Committee, deputy director and chief exploration geologist of Xinjiang Petroleum Administration Bureau in June 1996, and the general manager~~president, and secretary of the CPC Committee, of ~~our Xinjiang Oilfield Company~~CNOOC China Limited Shenzhen Branch in ~~September 1999. He~~February 2007. From January 2009, he served as the assistant ~~general manager~~president, a member of ~~CNPC since July 2003. Mr. Wang was appointed~~Management Committee, of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (“CNOOC”) and the president in CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited, and from January 2010 concurrently as the chairman of CNOOC Infrastructure Management Co., Ltd. He served as a vice president, and member of the CPC Leadership Group, of CNOOC from April 2010, concurrently as the president of CNOOC Limited and the chairman of CNOOC Southeast Asia Limited from September 2010, concurrently as the chief executive officer and president of CNOOC Limited from November

2011, concurrently as the chairman of Nexen Energy ULC from February 2013, and concurrently as the chairman of CNOOC International Limited from May 2015. He worked as a deputy ~~general manager~~director, and a member of the CPC Leadership Group, of ~~CNPC in December 2003. From July 2004, he worked concurrently as the chief safety officer of CNPC. He was~~National Energy Administration from May 2016. Mr. Li has been a director, ~~of our company from November 2005 to April 2011. From April 2011, Mr. Wang was~~ the ~~chairman of CNOOC, the secretary of the CPC Leadership Group of CNOOC~~president, and ~~the chairman of CNOOC Limited. Mr. Wang was appointed as the chairman of CNPC and the~~a deputy secretary of the CPC Leadership Group, of CNPC ~~in April 2015,~~since February 2020, and concurrently the vice chairman of our company ~~in June 2015.~~since March 2020.

Liu Yuezhen, age ~~57,~~58, is a director of our company, and concurrently the chief accountant, and a member of the CPC Leadership Group, of CNPC. Mr. Liu is a researcher-level senior accountant, holds a master’s degree and has extensive financial and accounting experience. He served as deputy general manager and chief accountant of AVIC Jianghan Aviation Life-saving Appliance Corporation since March 1996. In February 2000, he was promoted to general manager of Jianghan Aviation Life-saving Appliance Corporation and concurrently served as the director of the 610 Research Institute. Mr. Liu served as the chairman of the board of directors and general manager of AVIC Beijing Qingyun Aviation Instruments Co., Ltd. from May 2003 and as the chief accountant, and a member of the CPC Leadership Group, of CASIC (Group) Company from November 2006. He served as the chief accountant, and a member of the CPC Leadership Group, of CASIC (Group) Company from December 2007. Mr. Liu has been the chief accountant, and a member of the CPC Leadership Group, of CNPC since December 2013. Mr. Liu was appointed as a director of our company in May 2014.

~~Liu Hongbin~~Lv Bo, age ~~55,~~57, is a director of our company, and concurrently a vice president and, a member of the CPC Committee, of CNPC. Mr. Lv is a senior economist with a master’s degree and has extensive working experience in China’s oil and gas industry. In January 2002, Mr. Lv was appointed as director-general of Human Resources Department of CNOOC. He was appointed as the Assistant President of CNOOC in November 2006 and a member of the CPC Leadership Group of CNOOC in November 2007, and concurrently as the secretary of the CPC Committee of CNOOC as a unit directly under the CPC Central Committee in October 2008. From April 2010, he served as a vice president, and a member of the CPC Committee, of CNOOC, and from December 2012 concurrently as the chairman of CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited, from May 2015 concurrently as the president of CNOOC Party School, and from December 2016 concurrently as the chairman of Offshore Oil Engineering Co. Ltd. and China Oilfield Services Limited. Mr. Lv has been a vice president, and a member of the CPC Leadership Group, of CNPC since November 2019. He was appointed as a director of our company in March 2020.

Jiao Fangzheng, age 57,is a director of our company, and concurrently a vice president, and a member of the CPC Leadership Group, of CNPC. Mr. Jiao is a professor-level senior engineer, holds a doctorate degree, and has extensive working experience in China’s petroleum and petrochemical industry. Mr. Jiao served as the chief geologist in Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Administration of Sinopec Group from January 1999, as the deputy manager and chief geologist of Sinopec Zhongyuan Oilfield Company, a branch of Sinopec from February 2000, as the deputy director general, and a member of the CPC Committee, of Sinopec Petroleum Exploration & Development Research Institute from July 2000, the deputy director general of Exploration & Production Department from March 2001, as the director general, and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee, of Northwest Petroleum Administration of Sinopec Group and as the general manager of Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company from June 2004. He served as a vice president of Sinopec from October 2006, concurrently as the director general of Sinopec Petroleum Exploration & Production Department from July 2010, as the deputy general manager, and a member of the CPC Leadership Group, of ~~CNPC. Mr. Liu is a senior engineer, holds a bachelor’s degree and has extensive work experience in China’s oil and gas industry. He was appointed~~Sinopec Group from July 2014, concurrently as the ~~chief engineer~~chairman of ~~Tuha Petroleum Exploration & Development Headquarters in June 1995,~~Sinopec Oilfield Service Corporation from September 2014, and concurrently as a ~~deputy general manager~~director and a member of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company in July 1999, the commander and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of Tuha Petroleum Exploration & Development Headquarters in July 2000, the general manager of the Planning Department of our company in March 2002, and the director of the Planning Department of CNPC in September 2005. Mr. Liu was appointed as asenior vice president of ~~our company in June 2007. He was appointed as the general manager and secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Marketing Company in November 2007. In July 2013, he was appointed as~~Sinopec from May 2015. Mr. Jiao has been a ~~deputy general manager~~vice president, and a member of the CPC Leadership Group, of ~~CNPC.~~CNPC since June 2018. In June 2019, Mr. ~~Liu~~Jiao was appointed as ~~an executive director and general manager of Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd. in August 2013. Mr. Liu was appointed as~~ anon-executive director of our ~~company in May 2014.~~company.

~~Hou Qijun~~Duan Liangwei, age 52, is a director and the president of our company, and concurrently ~~the~~a deputy general manager, ~~of CNPC. Mr. Hou is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a doctorate degree. He has extensive work experience in China’s oil and gas industry. He served as a director, deputy general manager~~the chief safety officer, and a member of the CPC Committee of Daqing Oilfield Company Limited since October 2002. He served as the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of Jilin Oilfield Company from October 2004, and concurrently an executive director and the general manager of Jilin Petroleum (Group) Company Limited from July 2007. He served as the secretary of the CPC Committee and deputy general manager of PetroChina Natural

Gas and Pipelines Company from September 2011, and concurrently a deputy general manager of PetroChina Natural Gas Marketing Company from November 2011. He served concurrently as the director of PetroChina Oil & Gas Pipeline Control Center from March 2012. He served as the general manager of the Planning Department of the company and concurrently the general manager of the Planning Department of CNPC from November 2013. He was appointed as a deputy general manager of CNPC in March 2017. Mr. Hou has served concurrently as the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Exploration and Production Company from April 2017. In June 2017, he was appointed as a director and vice president of our company. Mr. Hou was appointed as the president of our company in March 2019.

~~Duan Liangwei~~~~, age 51, is a director of our company, and concurrently a deputy general manager and the chief safety officer~~Leadership Group, of CNPC. Mr. Duan is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a doctorate degree. He has extensive work experience in China’s petrochemical industry. From February 2006, Mr. Duan served as a deputy general manager, the chief safety

officer, and a member of the CPC Committee, of Jilin Petrochemical Company. From March 2010, he served concurrently as the general manager of Jilin Fuel Ethanol Company Limited. From September 2011, he served as the general manager of Dagang Petrochemical Company. From July 2013, he served as the general manager, and the deputy secretary of the CPC Committee, of PetroChina Dalian Petrochemical Company, the manager of Dalian Petrochemical Corporation, and the director of Dalian Regional Companies Coordination Group. He was appointed as a deputy general manager of CNPC in March 2017. Mr. Duan has served concurrently as the chief safety director of CNPC since April 2017. Mr. Duan was appointed as a director of our company in June ~~2017.~~2017 and the president of our company in March 2020.

IndependentNon-executive Directors

Lin Boqiang, age ~~61,~~62, is an independentnon-executive director of our company. Mr. Lin holds a doctorate degree in economics from the University of California. He was formerly a senior energy economist at the Asian Development Bank, and is currently working at Xiamen University in such capacity as a Distinguished Professor of the Changjiang Scholars Program at the School of Management, the director of Research Institute for China’s Energy Policy, the director of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Energy Economics and Energy Policy, and a doctoral advisor. Mr. Lin is a member of the National Energy Consultation Committee under the National Energy Commission, a member of the Energy Price Consultation Committee under the National Development and Reform Commission, a guest economic analyst of Xinhua News Agency, a guest commentator of China National Radio, the vice-chairman of China Energy Society, and a member of the Board of Stewards of Future of Energy of the World Economic Forum based in Davos Switzerland. Mr. Lin was elected as an independentnon-executive director of our company in May 2014.

Zhang Biyi, age ~~65,~~66, is an independentnon-executive director of our company. Mr. Zhang is a senior accountant. He graduated from the department of finance and banking from Xiamen University in February 1982. He served as the head of the Enterprise Division, assistant to the director, and deputy director of the Finance Bureau at China Ship Industry Corporation. In July 1999, Mr. Zhang was appointed as a deputy general manager of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, and he served as deputy general manager and chief accountant of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation from December 2004 to February 2014. From March 2008 to January 2010, he also served concurrently as the general manager of China Shipbuilding Industry Company Ltd. Mr. Zhang was elected as an independentnon-executive director of our company in October 2014.

Elsie Leung Oi-sie, age ~~79,~~80, is an independentnon-executive director of our company. She is a consultant of Iu, Lai & Li Solicitors & Notaries, and anindependent non-executive director of China Life Insurance Company Limited, United Company RUSAL, Plc. and China Resources Power Holdings Co., Ltd. Ms. Leung obtained her LLM degree from the University of Hong Kong, and is an academician of College of International Marriage Law. She holds the practicing qualifications for attorney of Hong Kong and Britain. Ms. Leung was the first Secretary for Justice of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, a member of Executive Council of HKSAR and the Deputy Director of Hong Kong Basic Law Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the PRC. Ms. Leung was appointed as the Justice of the Peace, the Notary Public,

and the China-Appointed Attesting Officer, and was awarded a Grand Bauhinia Medal. Ms. Leung was appointed as aan independentnon-executive ~~independent~~ director of our company in June 2017.

Tokuchi Tatsuhito, age ~~66,~~67, is an independentnon-executive director of our company. He is also the executive director & research fellow of the Center for Industrial Development and Environment Governance (CIDEG), Tsinghua University, the senior fellow of Rebuild Japan Initiative Foundation, and the member & experts adviser to the Foreign Advisory Committee of State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of the PRC. Mr. Tokuchi graduated from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Peking University, and received his master’s degree in East Asian Economy from the Center for East Asian Studies of Stanford University. He previously held such positions as the general manager of Investment Banking Division of Daiwa Securities SMBC Co., Ltd., the president of Daiwa Securities Singapore Limited, the Executive Vice President of Daiwa Securities (Hong Kong) ~~Inc. in~~Inc.in charge of investment banking business, a vice president of Daiwa

Securities (America) Inc., the vice chairman of Singapore Investment Banking Association, and a deputy general manager, managing director, general manager, and Investment Banking Committee chairman of CITIC Securities Co., Ltd. In 2009, Mr. Tokuchi was awarded the China Friendship Award, China’s highest award for foreigners. Mr. Tokuchi was appointed as aan independentnon-executive ~~independent~~ director of our company in June 2017.

Simon Henry, age ~~57,~~58, is an independentnon-executive director of ~~our company. He is~~the Company and also a fellow of the UK Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, ~~and~~ has ~~extensive~~ experience in ~~the~~ areas of finance management, strategic planning, marketing and investor relations. Mr. Simon Henry obtained a first class Bachelor’s degree in mathematics from Cambridge University in 1982 and was awarded a Master’s degree in 1986 byfrom Cambridge. He joined Royal Dutch Shell in 1982. He worked for 8 years until March 2017 as the ~~Chief Finance Officer~~chief financial officer and an executive director of the ~~Board~~board of Royal Dutch Shell. He now serves as aa non-executive ~~director~~ director and ~~the~~ chairman of the audit committee of the board of ~~directors of~~ Lloyds Banking Group and asaa non-executive director and chairman of the audit committee of the board of Rio Tinto plc. ~~In addition, Mr. Henry is currently~~He also serves as a member of the Defense Board for the UK Government, and chairs the Defense ~~Board.~~Audit and Risk Assurance Committee. Mr. Simon Henry was appointed as aan independentnon-executive ~~independent~~ director of our company in June 2017.

Supervisors

Xu Wenrong, age ~~57,~~58, is the chairman of the supervisory committee of our company, and concurrently a deputy secretary of the CPC Leadership Group and deputy general manager of CNPC. Mr. Xu is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a doctorate degree. Mr. Xu has extensive work experience in China’s oil and gas industry. Mr. Xu served as a deputy director of Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting of CNPC from November 1997, the director and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of the Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting of CNPC from December 1999, and the vice chairman of the board of directors, general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of BGP Inc. from December 2002. He was appointed as an assistant president of CNPC in January 2004, and from September 2005 Mr. Xu concurrently served as the director general of the Development and Research Department of CNPC, and the chairman of CNPC Services & Engineering Ltd from June 2006. He served as a member of the CPC Leadership Group and chief of the Discipline Inspection Group of China Shipping (Group) Company from May 2011. He was appointed as a director of China Shipping (Group) Company in October 2011. He served concurrently as the principal of China Shipping Party School from December 2011, and the chairman of the Labor Union of China Shipping (Group) Company from January 2012. He served concurrently as the president of China Shipping Management Cadre College from May 2013. He was appointed as a deputy general manager, a member of the CPC Leadership Group and chief of Discipline Inspection Group of China Shipping (Group) Company in February 2014. He served as a deputy general manager and member of the CPC Leadership Group of CNPC from January 2016. He was appointed as a deputy secretary of the CPC Leadership Group and deputy general manager of CNPC in November 2016. He was appointed as a director of our company in May 2016. Mr. Xu was appointed as a member and the chairman of the supervisory committee of our company in June 2017.

Zhang Fengshan, age ~~57,~~58, is a supervisor and the chief safety officer of our company and the general manager of our Quality, Security and Environmental Protection Department. He is concurrently the deputy chief

safety officer of CNPC, the general manager of Quality, Security and Environmental Protection Department of CNPC and the director of the Security, Environmental Protection Supervision Center of CNPC. Mr. Zhang is a professor-level senior engineer, holds a master’s degree and has extensive experience in China’s oil and gas industry. He was appointed as a deputy director and a standing member of the CPC Committee of Liaohe Oil Exploration Bureau in July 2000, the safety director of Liaohe Oil Exploration Bureau in May 2002, the director and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of Liaohe Petroleum Exploration Bureau in August 2004 and in February 2008, the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of Great Wall Drilling and Exploration Company Ltd., where he also served as an executive director from July 2008. Mr. Zhang has been the general manager of the Security, Environment, and Energy Conservation Department of our company and of CNPC since June 2012. In July 2014, Mr. Zhang was appointed as the chief safety officer of our company and the deputy chief safety officer of CNPC. In December 2015, Mr. Zhang was appointed as the director of the

Security, Environmental Protection Supervision Center of CNPC. In December 2016, Mr. Zhang was appointed as the general manager of our Quality, Security and Environmental Protection Department and the general manager of the Quality, Security and Environmental Protection Department of CNPC. Mr. Zhang was appointed as a supervisor of our company in May 2014.

Jiang Lifu, age ~~55,~~56, is a supervisor of our company, the general manager of our Reform and Enterprise Management Department and concurrently the general manager of the Reform and Enterprise Management Department of CNPC. Mr. Jiang is a professor-level senior economist, holds a doctorate degree and has extensive work experience in China’s oil and gas industry. He was appointed as a deputy general manager of our Capital Operation Department in August 2003, a deputy director of CNPC’s Planning Department in May 2005, a deputy general manager of our Planning Department in June 2007 and a deputy director of CNPC’s Planning Department. Since April 2014, Mr. Jiang has been the general manager of the Enterprise Management Department of our company and the general manager of the Enterprise Management Department of CNPC. In April 2015, Mr. Jiang was appointed as the general manager of our Reform and Enterprise Management Department and the general manager of the Reform and Enterprise Management Department of CNPC. Mr. Jiang was elected as a supervisor of our company in October 2014.

Lu Yaozhong, age ~~53,~~54, is a supervisor of our company, the general manager of our Capital Operation Department, and concurrently the general manager of the Capital Operation Department of CNPC. Mr. Lu is a professor-level senior accountant and holds a master’s degree. He has extensive work experience in China’s oil and gas industry. He served as the chief accountant and a member of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Kazakhstan Company from December 2009 and the chief accountant of Overseas Exploration and Development Branch Company of China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation from August 2013. Mr. Lu has served as the general manager of the Capital Operation Department of our company and concurrently the general manager of the Capital Operation Department of CNPC since April 2017. Mr. Lu was appointed as a supervisor of our company in June 2017.

Wang Liang, age ~~56,~~57, is a supervisor of our company, the general manager of our Audit Department, and concurrently the general manager of the Audit Department, and the director and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of the Audit Service Center of CNPC. Mr. Wang is a professor-level senior accountant and holds a bachelor’s degree. He has extensive work experience in China’s oil and gas industry. He served as a director, chief accountant and member of the CPC Committee of CNPC Offshore Engineering Company Limited from January 2005, a member of the CPC Leadership Group and deputy director of Liaoning Provincial Finance Department from April 2006, the chairman of the board of directors Generali China Insurance Co., Ltd. from April 2007, the chief accountant and a member of the CPC Committee of CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited from February 2008, the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of CNPC Assets Management Co., Ltd. from October 2009, the chairman of the board of directors, general manager, and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of Kunlun Trust Co., Ltd. from March 2014, the chairman of the board of directors, secretary of the CPC Committee, secretary of the discipline inspection commission, and chairman of the Labor Union of CNPC Assets Management Co., Ltd. from July 2014, and the secretary of the CPC Committee, secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, chairman of the Labor Union and deputy

general manager of China Petroleum Finance Co., Ltd. from July 2016. In May 2017, he was appointed as the general manager of our Audit Department, and concurrently the general manager of the Audit Department of CNPC, the director and secretary of the CPC Committee of the Audit Service Center of CNPC. In November 2017, he was appointed as the general manager of our Audit Department, the general manager of the Audit Department of CNPC, the director and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of the Audit Service Center of CNPC. Mr. Wang was appointed as a supervisor of our company in October 2017.

Fu Suotang, age ~~56,~~57, is an employee representative supervisor of our company. He is also the general manager and the secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, and the director and general manager of Changqing Petroleum Exploration Bureau. Mr. Fu is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a doctorate degree. He has extensive work experience in China’s oil and gas industry. He served as the

chief geologist and member of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company from April 2007. He served as the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company and concurrently the director of Qinghai Petroleum Management Bureau from April 2014. In April 2017, he was appointed as the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company and concurrently the director of Changqing Petroleum Exploration Bureau. In April 2018, he was appointed the general manager and the secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, and concurrently the executive director and general manager of Changqing Oilfield Exploration Bureau. Mr. Fu was appointed as an employee representative supervisor of our company in June 2017.

Li Jiamin, age ~~55,~~56, is an employee representative supervisor of our company. He is also the general manager and the secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Lanzhou Petrochemical Company, and the executive director and general manager of Lanzhou Petroleum & Chemical Company. Mr. Li is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a master’s degree. He has extensive work experience in China’s oil and petrochemical industry. He was appointed as a deputy general manager, chief security officer and member of the CPC Committee of Lanzhou Petroleum & Chemical Company in August 2004. He was appointed as the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Lanzhou Petrochemical Company and the general manager Lanzhou Petroleum & Chemical Company in March 2012. In November 2017, he was appointed the general manager and the secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Lanzhou Petrochemical Company, and the executive director and general manager of Lanzhou Petroleum & Chemical Company. Mr. Li was appointed as an employee representative supervisor of our company in May 2014.

Liu Xianhua,age 5556, is an employee representative supervisor of our company. He is also the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Liaoning Marketing Company and the executive director and general manager of CNPC Liaoning Petroleum Marketing Company. Mr. Liu is a professor-level senior economist and holds a master’s degree. He has extensive work experience in China’s oil and petrochemical industry. In May 2005, he was appointed as the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Shandong Marketing Company. In March 2012, he was appointed as the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Northeast Marketing Company. In December 2015, he was appointed as the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Liaoning Marketing Company, and the general manager of CNPC Liaoning Petroleum Corporation. In November 2017, he was appointed the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Liaoning Marketing Company and the executive director and general manager of CNPC Liaoning Petroleum Marketing Company. Mr. Liu was appointed as an employee representative supervisor of our company in May 2016.

Li Wendong,age ~~54,~~55, is an employee representative supervisor of our company. He is also the chairman, general manager and the secretary of the CPC Committee of Beijing Natural Gas Pipelines Company. Mr. Li is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a master’s degree. He has extensive work experience in China’s oil and gas industry. In January 2006, he was appointed as a deputy director and a member of the CPC Committee of China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau. In August 2011, he was appointed as the secretary of the CPC Committee, the secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, the chairman of the Labor Union and deputy general manager

of PetroChina West Pipelines Company. In November 2013, he was appointed as the general manager, the secretary of the CPC Committee, the secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission and the chairman of the Labor Union of PetroChina West Pipeline Company, and the general manager of PetroChina West-East Natural Gas Sales Company. Since March 2016, he has served as the general manager and secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina West-East Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines Company, and the general manager of PetroChina West-East Natural Gas Sales Company. In April 2018, he was appointed as the general manager and the secretary of the CPC Committee of Beijing Natural Gas Pipelines Company. In October 2018, he was appointed as the chairman, general manager and the secretary of the CPC Committee of Beijing Natural Gas Pipelines Company. Mr. Li was appointed as an employee representative supervisor of our company in May 2016.

Other Senior Management

Sun Longde, age ~~56,~~57, is a vice president of our company. He is also an executive director and the secretary of the CPC Committee of Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., an executive director and the general manager of Daqing Petroleum Administration Bureau Co., Ltd. Mr. Sun is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a doctorate degree. He has extensive work experience in China’s oil and geological industry. He was appointed as the manager of Exploration & Development Company of the Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau in September 1997, the chief geologist and a member of the CPC Committee of Tarim Petroleum Exploration & Development Headquarters in November 1997, a deputy general manager and a member of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company in September 1999, and the general manager and secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company in July 2002. He was elected as an academician to the Chinese Academy of Engineering in December 2011. In April 2014, Mr. Sun was appointed as the director of the consultancy center of CNPC. In July 2015, Mr. Sun was appointed as the general manager of our Science and Technology Management Company and the general manager of the Science and Technology Department of CNPC. He was appointed as an executive director and the general manager of Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., the director of Daqing Petroleum Administration Bureau, and a deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of Daqing Oilfield in March 2016. In October 2018, he was appointed as an executive director and the secretary of the CPC Committee of Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., an executive director and the general manager of Daqing Petroleum Administration Bureau Co., Ltd. Mr. Sun was appointed as a vice president of our company in June 2007.

Li Luguang, age ~~56,~~57, is a vice president of our company, and the general manager and vice Party secretariat of our Exploration and Production Branch. Mr. Li is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a doctor degree. He has extensive working experience in China’s oil and gas industry. He served as the deputy general manager and Party member of Southwest Oil and Gas Field Branch from September 1999, the general manager and vice Party secretariat of Southwest Oil and Gas Field Branch from September 2003, the general manager and Party secretariat of Southwest Oil and Gas Field Branch from November 2005, assistant to the general manager of CNPC from April 2014, concurrently as the general manager and vice secretariat of the CPC ~~committee~~Committee of Tarim Oilfield Branch from October 2016, and the general manager and secretariat of the CPC ~~committee~~Committee of Tarim Oilfield Branch from April 2017, the general manager and vice Party secretariat of Exploration and Production Branch from April 2018. Mr. Li was appointed as a vice president of our company in June 2018.

Tian Jinghui, age ~~56,~~57, is a vice president of our company, and an executive director and secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina International Company Ltd., and the chairman of China National United Oil Corporation. Mr. Tian is a professor-level senior economist and holds a master’s degree. He has extensive experience in China’s oil and gas industry. In May 1998, he was appointed as the chief of the Preparatory Group of PetroChina Northwest Marketing Company. He was appointed as a deputy general manager and member of the CPC Committee of our Refining & Marketing Company from December 1999, a deputy general manager, chief safety officer and member of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Marketing Company from November 2007. In June 2009, he was appointed as the secretary of the CPC Committee and deputy general manager of PetroChina Marketing Company. In August 2013, he was appointed as the general manager and secretary of the

CPC Committee of PetroChina Marketing Company. In April 2017, Mr. Tian was appointed as the general manager and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina Marketing Company, an executive director of the board of directors and secretary of the CPC Committee of PetroChina International Company Ltd., and the chairman of China National United Oil Corporation. Mr. Tian was appointed as a vice president of our company in November ~~2015~~2015.

Chai Shouping, age ~~57,~~58, is the chief financial officer of our company. Mr. Chai is a professor-level senior accountant and holds a master’s degree. He has extensive work experience in financial operations and management in China’s oil and petrochemical industry. In April 2002, he was appointed as a deputy general manager of the Finance Department of our company. In September 2012, he was appointed as the chief accountant, and a member of the CPC Committee, of China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development

Corporation (overseas exploration and development branch), the deputy general manager and the chief financial officer of CNPC Exploration and Development Company Limited and the chief financial officer of PetroChina International Investment Company Limited. In March 2013, he was appointed as the general manager of the Finance Department of our company. Mr. Chai was appointed as the chief financial officer of our company in January 2017.

Ling Xiao, age ~~55,~~56, is a vice president of our company, the general manager, and secretary of the CPC Committee, of our Natural Gas Sales Company (PetroChina Natural Gas Pipelines Company), the chairman of the board of directors, and the secretary of the CPC Committee, of PetroChina Pipelines Co., Ltd., and the chairman of Kunlun Energy Co., Ltd. Mr. Ling is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a doctorate degree. He has extensive experience in China’s oil industry. He was appointed as a deputy director, and member of the CPC Committee, of Xinjiang Petroleum Administration Bureau in June 2001, the chairman of the board of directors and general manager of West Pipeline Co., Ltd. in August 2004, the secretary of the CPC Committee of West Pipeline Co., Ltd. in January 2015, the general manager, and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee, of PetroChina West Pipeline Company in March 2009, the general manager, and secretary of the CPC Committee, of West-East Gas Transmission Pipeline Company and concurrently the general manager of West-East Gas Transmission Sales Company in November 2013, the secretary of the CPC Committee and deputy general manager of PetroChina Natural Gas and Pipelines Company and concurrently the deputy general manager of our Natural Gas Sales Company in March 2016, the secretary of the CPC Committee and deputy general manager of our Natural Gas Sales Company (PetroChina Natural Gas and Pipelines Company) and general manager, and secretary of the CPC Committee, of PetroChina Pipelines Co., Ltd. in September 2016. Mr. Ling was appointed as the general manager, and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee, of our Natural Gas Sales Company (PetroChina Natural Gas and Pipelines Company), and the chairman of the board of directors, and secretary of the CPC Committee, of PetroChina Pipelines Co., Ltd. in November 2017, the secretary of the CPC ~~committee~~Committee of the Natural Gas Sales Company in October 2018. Mr. Ling was appointed as a vice president of our company in December 2017.

Yang Jigang, age ~~55,~~56, is a vice president of our company, and the general manager, and the secretary of the CPC Committee, of our Refinery and Chemical Engineering Company. Mr. Yang is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a master’s degree. He has extensive experience in China’s petroleum and petrochemical industry. He was appointed as the deputy manager of Lanzhou Chemical Industry Corporation in August 1997, the chief engineer of the Oil Refinery and Chemical Engineering Department of CNPC in November 1998, a member of the preparatory group for the establishment of our Refining and Chemicals Marketing Company in September 1999, the chief engineer, and member of the CPC Committee, of our Refinery and Marketing Branch Company in December 1999, a deputy general manager, chief engineer, and member of the CPC Committee, of our Chemical Engineering and Marketing Company in August 2000, the general manager, and deputy secretary of the CPC Committee, of PetroChina Daqing Petrochemical Company in May 2005, the secretary of the CPC Committee and deputy general manager of our Refinery and Chemical Engineering Company in December 2009, and the general manager, and secretary of the CPC Committee, of our Refinery and Chemical Engineering Company in November 2017. Mr. Yang was appointed as a vice president of our company in December 2017.

~~Wang Zhongcai~~~~, age 59, is a vice president of our company, and the chairman of the board of directors, the secretary of the CPC Committee and chairman of the Labor Union of China National Oil and Gas Exploration~~

and Development Company Ltd. Mr. Wang is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a doctorate degree. He has extensive experience in China’s oil industry. He served as the deputy general manager of CNPC International (Kazakhstan) Ltd. and concurrently the chairman of JSC CNPC International Aktobe Petroleum from March 1999, a senior deputy general manager of CNPC International (Kazakhstan) Ltd. and concurrently the general manager of JSC CNPC International Aktobe Petroleum from April 2000, a deputy general manager of China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation and concurrently the general manager of CNPC International (Russia) Ltd. from May 2003, a deputy general manager of China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation and concurrently the chief of the CNPC Russian Coordination Leading Group from March 2005, a deputy general manager of China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation and concurrently the general manager of CNPC International (Kazakhstan) Ltd. and JSC CNPC International Aktobe Petroleum from November 2005, the general manager, secretary of the CPC Committee and the chief of Kazakhstan Coordination Group of CNPC International (Kazakhstan) Ltd. from September 2008, a senior deputy general manager and a member of the CPC Committee of Overseas Exploration and Development Branch (China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation) from December 2009, and the secretary of the CPC Committee, senior deputy general manager and chairman of the Labor Union of Overseas Exploration and Development Branch (China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation) from April 2014. Mr. Wang was appointed as the chairman of the board of directors, secretary of the CPC Committee and the chairman of the Labor Union of China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company Ltd. in November 2017. Mr. Wang was appointed as a vice president of our company in December 2017.

Secretary to the Board of Directors

Wu Enlai, age ~~58,~~59, is the secretary to the board of directors of our company. He is a professor-level senior engineer and holds a master’s degree. Mr. Wu has extensive work experience in China’s oil and petrochemical industry. Mr. Wu was appointed as a deputy director general of Tarim Petrochemical Engineering Construction Headquarters in August 1997, a deputy director general of the Capital Operation Department of CNPC in August 2002 and a deputy general manager of China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation in January 2004. He was appointed as the chief of the Preparatory Work Group for PetroChina Guangxi Petrochemical Company in May 2005, and the general manager, secretary of the CPC Committee, secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission and chairman of the Labor Union of PetroChina Guangxi Petrochemical Company in October 2005, and the head of the Enterprise Coordination Group of our company in Guangxi in

September 2012. He was appointed as an executive director and the general manager of CNPC Hong Kong (Holding) Ltd. and a director and the chairman of Kunlun Energy Company Ltd. in December 2013. Since 2014, Mr. Wu has served as the vice director of the Council of China Association of Listed Companies. He was named a senior member of Hong Kong Institute of Chartered Secretaries in January 2018. Mr. Wu was appointed as the secretary to our board of directors in November 2013.

Compensation

The senior management members’ compensation has two components, namely, fixed salaries and variable compensation. The variable component, which accounts for approximately 75% of the total compensation package, is linked to the attainment of specific performance targets, such as our income for the year, return on capital and the individual performance evaluation results. All of our senior management members have entered into performance contracts with us.

Our directors and supervisors, who hold senior management positions or are otherwise employed by us and other senior management of our company receive compensation in the form of salaries, insurance and other benefits in kind, including our contribution to the pension plans for them.

The aggregate amount of salaries insurance and other benefits in kind paid by us to the five highest paid individuals during the year ended December 31, 2018 was RMB4,374 thousand. We paid RMB716 thousand as our contribution to the pension plans with respect to these individuals in the year ended December 31, 2018.

~~The aggregate amount of salaries~~ and other compensation, insurance and other benefits in kind paid by us to our directors, who hold senior management positions or are otherwise employed by us, during the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~RMB1,666~~RMB829 thousand which does not include the fees totaling ~~RMB1,772~~RMB1,782 thousand paid to our independent directors. The aggregate amount of salaries or other compensation, insurance and other benefits in kind paid by us to our supervisors, who hold senior management position or are otherwise employed by us during the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~RMB3,177~~RMB3,687 thousand. The aggregate amount of salaries or other compensation, insurance and other benefits in kind paid by us to other senior management during the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 was ~~RMB6,770~~RMB6,744 thousand.

In ~~2018,~~2019, we paid ~~RMB1,781~~RMB1,796 thousand as our contribution to the pension plans for our directors and supervisors, who hold senior management positions or are otherwise employed by us and other senior management of our company.

Save as disclosed, no other payments have been paid or are payable, with respect to the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, by us or any of our subsidiaries to our directors. In addition, we have no service contracts with our directors that provide for benefits to our directors upon the termination of their employment with us.

For discussions about the compensations of our individual directors and supervisors, please see Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.

Board Practices

Our board of directors has five committees, namely, the nominating committee, the audit committee, the investment and development committee, the evaluation and remuneration committee and the health, safety and environment committee.

Nominating Committee

~~The current members of our~~Our nominating committee ~~are~~is composed of Mr. ~~Wang Yilin, the~~Dai Houliang, as chairman of the committee, and Mr. Lin Boqiang and Mr. Zhang ~~Biyi.~~Biyi, as members. The nominating committee’s major responsibilities include:

reviewing and discussing the structure, size and composition of the board of directors regularly, and making recommendations on changes to the board to follow the company’s corporate strategy;

considering the criteria and procedures for selection of directors, president and other senior management, and making recommendations to the board of directors;

considering the board diversity policy and the training systems for directors and management;

extensively selecting qualified candidates for directorship and members of senior management, reviewing the qualifications of candidates for directorship and president, and making recommendations;

reviewing the proposals on candidates nominated by the nominators who have the nominating rights under the Articles of Association;

reviewing and making assessment on the independence of independentnon-executive directors; and

attending the shareholders’ meeting and answer the investor’s consultation on the work of the Nomination Committee, as well as the relevant laws, regulations, listing rules and other matters authorized by the board of directors.

Audit Committee

Our audit committee is ~~currently~~ composed of twonon-executive independent directors, Mr. Lin Boqiang and Mr. Zhang Biyi, and onenon-executive director, Mr. Liu Yuezhen. Mr. Lin Boqiang serves as the chairman

of the committee. Under our audit committee charter, the chairman of the committee must be an independent director and all resolutions of the committee must be approved by independent directors. The audit committee’s major responsibilities include:

reviewing and supervising the engagement of external auditors and their performance;

reviewing and ensuring the completeness of annual reports, interim reports and quarterly reports, if any, and related financial statements and accounts, and reviewing any material opinion contained in the aforesaid statements and reports with respect to financial reporting;

reporting to the board of directors in writing on the financial reports of the company and related information, having considered the issues raised by external auditors;

reviewing and scrutinizing the work conducted by the internal audit department in according with the applicable PRC and international rules;

monitoring the financial reporting system and internal control procedures of the company, as well as checking and assessing matters relating to, among others, the financial operations, internal control and risk management of the company;

receiving, keeping and dealing with complaints or anonymous reports regarding accounting, internal accounting control or audit matters and ensuring the confidentiality of such complaints or reports;

reporting regularly to the board of directors with respect to any significant matters which may affect the financial position of the company and its operations and with respect to theself-evaluation of the committee on the performance of their duties; and

performing other responsibilities as may be required under relevant laws, regulations and the listing rules of the stock exchanges where the shares of the company are listed (as amended from time to time).

Investment and Development Committee

~~The current members of our~~Our investment and development committee ~~are~~is composed of Mr. ~~Liu Hongbin~~Li Fanrong, as chairman of the committee, and Mr. Duan Liangwei and Mr. Simon ~~Henry.~~Henry, as members. The investment and development committee’s major responsibilities include:

studying the strategies of the company as proposed by our president and making recommendations to the board of directors;

studying the annual investment budget and the adjustment proposal regarding the investment plan as proposed by our president and making recommendations to the board of directors; and

reviewing feasibility studies and preliminary feasibility studies for material investment projects subject to the approval of the board of directors and making recommendations to the board of directors.

Evaluation and Remuneration Committee

~~The current members of our~~Our evaluation and remuneration committee ~~are~~is composed of Ms. Elsie LeungOi-sie, ~~the~~as chairman of the committee, and Mr. Liu Yuezhen and Mr. Tokuchi ~~Tatsuhito.~~Tatsuhito, as members. The evaluation and remuneration committee’s major responsibilities include:

studying the evaluation criteria for directors and senior officers, conducting the evaluations and proposing suggestions;

studying and evaluating the remuneration policies and plans for directors and senior officers (including the compensation in connection with the removal or retirement of the director and senior officers);

organizing the evaluation of the performance of our president and reporting the evaluation result to the board of directors, supervising the evaluation of the performance of our senior vice presidents, vice presidents, chief financial officer and other senior management members conducted under the leadership of the president;

studying our incentive plan and compensation plan, supervising and evaluating the implementation of these plans and making recommendations for improvements to and perfection of such plans; and

studying the relevant laws, regulations and the listing rules of the stock exchanges where the shares of the company are listed (as amended from time to time) and other matters authorized by the board of directors.

Health, Safety and Environment Committee

~~The current members of our~~Our health, safety and environment committee ~~are~~is composed of Mr. Duan Liangwei, ~~the~~as chairman of the committee, and Mr. ~~Hou Qijun.~~Lv Libo and Mr. Jiao Fangzheng, as members. The health, safety and environment committee’s major responsibilities include:

supervising the effective implementation of our Health, Safety and Environmental Protection Plan, or the HSE Plan;

making recommendations to the board of directors and our president regarding major decisions with respect to health, safety and environmental protection; and

inquiring about the occurrence of and determining the responsibilities for material accidents of the company, and examining and supervising the treatment of such accidents.

Employees

As of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, we had ~~508,757,~~ 494,297, 476,223 and ~~476,223~~460,724 employees (not including the temporary employees), respectively. During ~~2018,~~2019, we employed ~~305,384~~274,174 temporary employees on an average. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had ~~295,439~~272,006 temporary employees. The table below sets forth the number of our employees by business segment as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.


	Employees		% of Total		Employees		% of Total
Exploration and production		268,633		56.41		260,220		56.48
Refining and chemicals		137,761		28.93		133,735		29.03
Marketing		48,743		10.24		45,984		9.98
Natural gas and pipeline		15,560		3.27		15,273		3.31
Headquarters and others⁽¹⁾		5,526		1.15		5,512		1.20
Total		476,223		100.00		460,724		100.00

(1)	Including the numbers of employees of the management of our headquarters, specialized companies, PetroChina Exploration & Development Research Institute, PetroChina Planning & Engineering Institute, Petrochemical Research Institute and other units.

Our employees participate in various basic social insurance plans organized by municipal and provincial governments whereby we are required to make monthly contributions to these plans at certain rates of the employees’ salary as stipulated by relevant local regulations. Expenses incurred by us in connection with the retirement benefit plans were approximately ~~RMB16,184~~RMB16,054 million, ~~RMB16,010~~RMB19,432 million and ~~RMB19,566~~RMB20,196 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

In ~~2018,~~2019, we did not experience any strikes, work stoppages, labor disputes or actions that affected the operation of any of our businesses. Our company maintains good relationship with our employees.

Share Ownership

As of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 our directors, senior officers and supervisors did not have share ownership in us or any of our affiliates.

Item 7— MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Major Shareholders

We were established on November 5, 1999 with CNPC as its sole promoter. As of March 31, ~~2019,~~2020, CNPC beneficially owned ~~148,302,183,536~~147,173,857,136 shares, which include 291,518,000 H Shares indirectly held by CNPC through Fairy King Investments Limited, an overseas wholly owned subsidiary of CNPC, representing approximately ~~81.03%~~80.41% of the share capital of us, and, accordingly, CNPC is our controlling shareholder.

The following table sets forth the major shareholders of our A shares as of March 31, ~~2019:~~2020:

Name of Shareholders

Class of
Shares

Number of Shares
Held

Percentage of Such
Share in That Class of the
Issued Shares Capital (%)

Percentage of
the Total Share
Capital (%)

Class of
Shares

Number of Shares
Held

Percentage of Such
Share in That Class of the
Issued Shares Capital (%)

Percentage of
the Total Share
Capital (%)

CNPC

A shares

148,010,665,536

91.41

80.87

A shares

146,882,339,136

90.71

80.25

The following table sets forth the major shareholders of our H Shares as of March 31, ~~2019:~~2020:


Name of Shareholders	Number of Shares Held	Percentage of Such Share in That Class of the Issued Shares Capital (%)		Percentage of the Total Share Capital (%)		Number of Shares Held	Percentage of Such Share in That Class of the Issued Shares Capital (%)		Percentage of the Total Share Capital (%)
CNPC	291,518,000 (long position)⁽¹⁾		1.38		0.16	291,518,000 (long position )⁽¹⁾		1.38		0.16
BlackRock, Inc.⁽²⁾	1,927,929,269 (long position)		9.14		1.05	1,667,364,950 (long position)		7.90		0.91
BlackRock, Inc.⁽²⁾	14,006,000 (short position)		0.07		0.01	4,092,000 (short position)		0.02		0.002
JPMorgan Chase & Co.⁽³⁾	1,305,168,268 (long position)		6.18		0.71
	243,826,811 (short position)		1.15		0.13
	523,311,136 (lending pool)		2.48		0.29
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation⁽⁴⁾	1,130,224,788 (long position)		5.36		0.62
	808,462,500 (short position)		3.83		0.44
	271,211,324 (lending pool)		1.29		0.15
Citigroup Inc.⁽⁵⁾	1,101,430,221 (long position)		5.22		0.60
	50,906,550 (short position)		0.24		0.03
	934,405,871 (lending pool)		4.42		0.51
Citigroup Inc.⁽³⁾						1,157,880,903 (long position)		5.48		0.63
						99,469,917(short position)		0.47		0.05
						1,016,840,761(lending pool)		4.81		0.56
JPMorgan Chase & Co.⁽⁴⁾						1,125,790,043 (long position)		5.34		0.62
						256,618,527 (short position)		1.22		0.14
						280,070,610 (lending pool)		1.33		0.15

(1)	Held by Fairy King Investments Limited, an overseaswholly-owned subsidiary of CNPC.

(2)

Blackrock, Inc., through various subsidiaries, had an interest in the H Shares of the Company, of which ~~1,927,929,269~~1,667,364,950 H Shares (long position) and ~~14,006,000~~4,092,000 H Shares (short position) were held in its capacity as interest of corporation controlled by the substantial shareholder.

(3)

Citigroup Inc., through various subsidiaries, had an interest in the H Shares of the Company, of which 3,448,800 H Shares (long position) were held in its capacity as holder of the guaranteed interest of shares, 137,591,342 H Shares (long position) and 99,469,917 H Shares (short position) were held in its capacity as interest of corporation controlled by the substantial shareholder, and 1,016,840,761 H Shares (long position) were held in its capacity as approved lending agent.

(4)

JPMorgan Chase & Co., through various subsidiaries, had an interest in the H Shares of the Company, of which ~~436,846,689~~717,482,450 H Shares (long position) and ~~243,826,811~~256,618,527 H Shares (short position) were held in its capacity as interest of corporation controlled by the substantial shareholder, ~~321,599,717~~104,998,017 H Shares (long position) were held in its capacity as investment manager, ~~23,402,026~~23,238,966 (long position) were held in its capacity as holder of the guaranteed interest of ~~shares, 8,700 H Shares (long position) were held in its capacity as trustee, and 523,311,136~~shares,280,070,610 H Shares (long position) were held in its capacity as approved lending agent.

~~(4)~~

The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, The Bank of New York Mellon, had an interest in the H Shares of the Company, of which 1,130,224,788 H Shares (long position) and 808,462,500 H Shares (short position) were held in its capacity as interest of corporation controlled by the substantial shareholders, and 271,211,324 H Shares were held in its capacity as approved lending agent.

~~(5)~~

Citigroup Inc., through various subsidiaries, had an interest in the H Shares of the Company, of which 28,424,457 H Shares (long position) were held in its capacity as holder of the guaranteed interest of shares, 138,599,893 H Shares (long position) and 50,906,550 H Shares (short position) were held in its capacity as

~~interest of corporation controlled by the substantial shareholder, and 934,405,871 H Shares (long position) were held in its capacity as approved lending agent.~~

Related Party Transactions

CNPC is a controlling shareholder of our company. We enter into extensive transactions with CNPC and other members of the CNPC group, all of which constitute related party transactions for us. We also continued to carry out existing continuing transactions with other related parties in the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Continuing Related Party Transactions

Since 2000, our company has engaged a variety of continuing related party transactions with CNPC. CNPC provides various services to us and our company also provides specific products and services to CNPC. These transactions are governed by several agreements between CNPC and us, including the comprehensive products and services agreement, land lease, building lease, intellectual property licensing contracts and contract for the transfer of rights under production sharing contracts, as amended.

1. The comprehensive products and services agreement between CNPC and the Company

The comprehensive products and services agreement entered into between CNPC and us is updated every three years. The current comprehensive products and services agreement, or the new agreement, was signed on August 24, 2017, which covers the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. In the new agreement, we added certain categories of products and services provided by our company to CNPC, and partially amended the

pricing basis in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Other terms and conditions of the agreement remain unchanged. The new agreement was approved at the extraordinary general meeting held on October 26, 2017.

The products and services provided by CNPC to us include (a) engineering and technical services, mainly to be provided before the commercial operation of projects, including but not limited to, exploration technological services, downhole operational services, oilfield construction services, refinery construction services and engineering design services; (b) production services, mainly for our daily operations after the projects commence operations, including but not limited to crude oil, natural gas, refined products, chemical products, supply of water, power and gas, and communication services; (c) materials supply services, which are mainly intermediary services for the procurement of materials provided before and after the official commissioning are granted, including but not limited to purchase of materials, quality inspections, storage and transport of materials; (d) social and life services, including but not limited to security, education, hospitals, property management, staff canteens, training centers and hotels; and (e) financial services, including loans and other financial assistance, deposit services, entrusted loans, settlement services, financial leasing services and others.

The products and services provided by our company to CNPC and the companies jointly-held by CNPC and us include: (a) general products and services, including refined oil products, chemical products, natural gas, crude oil, supply of water, power and gas and heating, metering, and commissioned operations, supply of materials, other products and services that CNPC may request us to provide from time to time for itself to consume, use or sell; and (b) financial services provided by the company to jointly held companies, including provision of entrusted loans, guarantees and other financial services.

The general principle of the comprehensive agreement is that the products and services provided are in accordance with the needs of the recipients, and the prices are fair and reasonable. The terms and conditions are not inferior to those of independent third party providers. The pricing of the general agreement follows government pricing, market price, cost price, and agreement price, depending on the circumstances. The comprehensive agreement is not exclusive, and the parties may provide and purchase products and services from other third parties, but all parties are obliged to provide the products and services set forth in the comprehensive agreement and the provisions of the annual plan.

2. Land Use Right Lease

We entered into a land lease agreement with CNPC in March 2000, pursuant to which, CNPC leased to us land use right across China totaling approximately 1,145 million square meters, which were related to our various operations and businesses, for a term of 50 years. We may adjust the land use right area and the rent every three years based on our production and operating requirement and the market prices. In 2014, we and CNPC confirmed that since January 1, 2015, the total area of land use right leased by us was adjusted to 1,777.21 million square meters and the rent was adjusted to no more than RMB 4,831.21 million. On August 24, 2017, the parties signed a new confirmation letter, pursuant to which, since January 1, 2018, the total area of land was adjusted to 1,772.65 million square meters and the annual rent was adjusted to no more than RMB5,783 million. Other terms of the lease remain unchanged. The independent valuer, Savills Valuation and Professional Consultancy Co., Ltd., reviewed the confirmation letter and confirmed that the rent as adjusted is fair and reasonable, and such rent is not higher than the market level. The new confirmation letter of the land lease was approved at the extraordinary general meeting held on October 26, 2017.

3. Real Estate Lease

We entered into a real estate lease with CNPC in March 2000, which was amended in September 2002. Pursuant to the lease, CNPC leased 712,500 square meters of real estate across China to us for our business operations. Both parties agreed to adjust the number and rent of leased properties every three years based on the needs of production and operation or changes in the market price of real estate. According to the adjustment in

2014, starting from January 1, 2015, we agreed to lease from CNPC a total of approximately 1,179,585.57 square meters of real estate for a total rent of approximately RMB707.71 million per year. Other terms of the lease remain unchanged. On August 24, 2017, we and CNPC signed a new real estate lease, effective January 1, 2018, for a term of 20 years. Pursuant to the new agreement, starting from January 1, 2018, the ~~company~~Company agreed to lease a total gross floor area of 1,152,968 square meters from CNPC, and agreed to pay a total annual rent of RMB730 million. The area and rent are to be adjusted every three years and the rent should not be higher than the fair market price. The independent valuer Savills Valuation & Professional Consultants Limited has reviewed the new real estate lease and confirmed that the adjusted rent is fair and reasonable and not higher than the market level. The new real estate lease was approved at the extraordinary general meeting held on October 26, 2017.

Loan and guarantee

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we had unsecuredshort-term andlong-term loans from CNPC and its affiliates in an aggregate amount of ~~RMB213,721~~RMB237,631 million and with an average annual interest rate of ~~4.10%~~4.07%. The proceeds from the loans were basically used for our working capital. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the total outstanding amount of our debts secured by CNPC and its subsidiaries was ~~RMB27,456~~RMB22,313 million.

In ~~2018,~~2019, we did not provide any guarantee to or for the benefit of CNPC and its subsidiaries. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the total outstanding guarantee we provided to or for the benefit of our subsidiaries, associates and affiliates other than CNPC and its subsidiaries was ~~RMB180,456~~RMB196,661 million.

One-off Related Party Transactions

~~Save~~On June 13, 2019, our board of directors passed a resolution on increase in capital contribution to CNPC Finance Co., Ltd. (“CPF”) by CNPC, CNPC Capital Co., Ltd. (“CNPC Capital”) and us. CNPC, CNPC Capital and we currently hold 40%, 28% and 32% equity interests in CPF, respectively. After completion of this transaction, the registered capital of CPF will be increased from RMB8,331,250,000 to RMB20,000,000,000, including (i) RMB8,064,023,100 to be converted out of the capital reserves of CPF into its registered capital, (ii) an incremental capital of RMB14,000,000,000 in cash to be contributed by the shareholders proportionate to their existing shareholding ratios, which will include RMB3,604,726,900 to be recognized as ~~disclosed above, there were no significantone-off~~ ~~related party transactions~~registered capital and the rest to be recognized as capital reserves. After completion of the transaction, the shareholding ratios will remain unchanged. According to the arrangement, we will be required to contribute RMB4,480,000,000 in ~~2018.~~cash, which will be funded by our retained earnings. This transaction is subject to the approval of the relevant governmental agency.

We expect that this transaction will improve the return over our investment in CPF and it will provide us with a better position to access efficient funds and financial management services provided by CPF. We expect that this transaction will not affect the continuity of our business and the stability of our management.

In addition, during the reporting period, we had a number of other continuing related party transactions with certain companies such as CNPC Exploration and Development Company Limited. For a detailed discussion of our relationships and transactions with these parties, please refer to Note 3837 to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, “Item 7 — Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions” in our annual report on Form20-F filed with the SEC on May 27, 2008, and the6-K filed with the SEC on August 28, 2014, August 24, 2017 and September 8, 2017, respectively.

The above-mentioned related-party transactions were within the upper limit of the amount of related party transactions as approved at the shareholders’ general meeting.

Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

Item 8— FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Financial Statements

See pages F-1 to ~~F-70~~F-79 following Item 19.

Legal Proceedings

We are involved in several legal proceedings concerning matters arising in the ordinary course of our business. We believe, based on currently available information, that these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Dividend Policy

Our Articles of Association provided that if our net profit attributable to owners of the Company and the accumulated undistributed profit for a year are positive, and our cash flow can satisfy our normal operation and sustainable development, the amount of cash dividend to be distributed shall not be less than 30% of the net profit attributable to owners of the Company realized in that year. We distribute dividends twice a year. Distribution of final dividends needs to be passed at the general meeting by ordinary resolution. The general meeting can, by ordinary resolution, authorize the board of directors to determine the distribution of interim dividends. Since our shares got listed on the stock exchanges, we have strictly complied with the Articles of Association and other relevant regulatory requirements, and adhered to the principle of bringing returns to shareholders, we have been distributing 45% of our net profit attributable to owners of the Company as dividends. Since 2016, considering the profit was negatively impacted by the low oil price, we have distributed special dividends in addition to the base dividends of 45% of the net profit attributable to owners of the Company.

Our board of directors will declare dividends, if any, in Renminbi on a per share basis and will pay such dividends in Renminbi with respect to A Shares and HK dollars with respect to H Shares. The Bank of New York will convert the HK dollar dividends and distribute them to holders of ADSs in U.S. dollars, less expenses of conversion. The holders of the A Shares and H Shares will share proportionately on a per share basis in all dividends and other distributions declared by our board of directors.

We will take into account factors including the following for declaration of dividends:

general business conditions;

our financial results;

capital requirements;

contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us;

our shareholders’ interests;

the effect on our debt ratings; and

other factors our board of directors may deem relevant.

We may only distribute dividends after we have made allowances for:

recovery of losses, if any;

��

•

~~allocations to the statutory common reserve fund; and~~

allocations to the statutory common reserve fund; and

allocations to a discretionary common reserve fund if approved by our shareholders.

The allocation to the statutory funds is 10% of profit for the year attributable to owners of the company determined in accordance with PRC accounting rules. Under PRC law, our distributable earnings will be equal to our profit for the year attributable to owners of the company determined in accordance with PRC accounting rules or IFRS, whichever is lower, less allocations to the statutory and discretionary funds.

We believe that our dividend policy strikes a balance between two important goals:

providing our shareholders with a competitive return on investment; and

assuring sufficient reinvestment of profits to enable us to achieve our strategic objectives.

In ~~2018,~~2019, a dividend of ~~RMB0.08880~~RMB0.07765 per share (inclusive of applicable taxes) for the six months ended June 30, ~~2018~~2019 was paid to our A shareholders and H shareholders (including ADS holders). The board of directors recommended ~~that~~ a final dividend of ~~RMB 0.06271~~RMB0.04243 per share (which is 45% of the net profit attributable to owners of the Company for the second half of ~~2018)~~2019) and an additional special final dividend of ~~RMB0.02729~~RMB0.02358 per share, totaling ~~RMB0.09~~RMB0.06601 (inclusive of applicable taxes) ~~should be paid.~~. The final dividend for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 is subject to the approval by the annual general meeting to be held on June ~~13, 2019,~~11, 2020, and shall be paid to our shareholders listed on our shareholder register as of the close of business on June ~~27, 2019.~~29, 2020. The register of members of H Shares will be closed from June ~~22, 2019~~24, 2020 to June ~~27, 2019~~29, 2020 (both days inclusive) during which period no transfer of H Shares will be registered. The final dividends for A shares and H Shares (including ADSs) for ~~2018~~2019 will be paid on or about June ~~28, 2019~~30, 2020 and ~~August 2, 2019,~~July 31, 2020, respectively.

Significant Changes

None.

Item 9— THE OFFER AND LISTING

Trading Market Information

Our ADSs, each representing 100 H Shares, par value RMB1.00 per H Share, have been listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange since April 6, 2000 under the symbol “PTR”. Our H Shares have been listed and traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since April 7, 2000 under the symbol “857”. In September 2005, our company issued an additional 3,196,801,818 H Shares. CNPC also sold 319,680,182state-owned shares it held concurrently with our company’s issuance of new H Shares in September 2005. In October 2007, we issued 4 billion A Shares and these shares were listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on November 5, 2007 under the symbol “601857”. Following the issuance of A Shares, all the domestic shares of our company existing prior to the issuance of A Shares, i.e. the shares held by CNPC (our controlling shareholder) in our company, have been registered with China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited as tradable A Shares. The New York Stock Exchange, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange are the principal trading markets for our ADSs, H Shares and A Shares, respectively.

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were 21,098,900,000 H Shares and 161,922,077,818 A Shares issued and outstanding. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were ~~170~~156 registered holders of American depositary receipts evidencing ~~7,783,250~~7,099,291 ADSs. The depositary of the ADSs is the Bank of New York Mellon.

Item 10 — ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Memorandum and Articles of Association

Our Articles of Association Currently in Effect

On October 26, 2017, the amendment to the Articles of Association of the Company was approved at an extraordinary general meeting. The amendment took effect as of the same day. The amendment includes, among

others, (i) according to the PRC Company Law and the Constitution of the Communist Party of China, the company shall set up the CPC organizations and working bodies with adequate staff and funds; the CPC organizations shall play the role of the core of leadership and political center of the company. The board of directors of the company shall take the CPC organization’s advices before it determines such material matters as the orientations of the company’s reform and development, key objectives and tasks and major work arrangements. With respect to appointment of management of the company, the CPC organizations shall consider and provide their comments and suggestions on the candidates nominated by the board of directors or the president, or the CPC organizations may recommend candidates to the board of directors and the president; (ii) a cumulative voting system of the Company is implemented for election of directors and supervisors at general meeting; and (iii) the tenure ofre-elected independent directors cannot exceed six years.

The following is a summary based on the significant provisions of our Articles of Association. For details, you should read our amended and restated Articles of Association filed with SEC on October 26, 2017.

Objectives and Purposes

We are a joint stock limited company established in accordance with the PRC Company Law and certain other laws and regulations of the PRC. We are registered with the PRC State Administration for Industry and Commerce with a business license number being 1000001003252. Article 1110 of our articles of association provides that our objectives are to comply with the rules of the market, to continuously explore business models which are suitable for the development of the Company, to fully utilize every resource of the Company, to place emphasis on personnel training and technological development, to provide the society with competitive products, and to use its best endeavors to maximize its profits. Article 11 of our articles of association provides that our scope of businesses includes, among other things, exploration and production of oil and natural gas; storage and sale of crude oil and refined oil; production, sale and storage of refined oil, petrochemical and chemical products; import and export; construction and operation of oil and natural gas pipelines; technical development, consultation and service for oil exploration and production, petrochemistry and related engineering; sale of materials, equipment and machines necessary for production and construction of oil and gas, petrochemicals and pipelines construction; the sale and warehousing of lubricating oil, fuel oil, bitumen, chemical fertilizers, auto parts, commodities and agricultural materials, etc.

Directors

Our directors shall be elected at our shareholders’ general meeting. Our directors shall be elected for a term of three years and may serve consecutive terms uponre-election, except that independent directors may only serve a maximum of two terms. Our directors are not required to hold any shares in us, and there is no age limit requirement for the retirement ornon-retirement of our directors.

Where a director is in any way, directly or indirectly, materially interested in a proposal, arrangement or contract (other than his contract of service with the Company), he shall declare the nature and extent of his

interests to the board of directors at the earliest opportunity, whether or not the proposal, arrangement or contract therefor is subject to the approval of the board of directors. Unless the interested director discloses his interests to the board of directors and the proposal, arrangement or contract is approved by the board of directors at a meeting in which the interested director, is not counted as part of the quorum and abstain from voting, the proposal, arrangement or contract in which that director is materially interested is voidable at the discretion of the Company except as against a bona fide party thereto who does not have knowledge of the breach of duty by the interested director. For this purposes, a director is deemed to be interested a proposal, arrangement or contract in which his associate is interested. Where a director gives to the board of directors a notice in writing stating that, by reason of the facts specified in the notice, he is interested in a proposal, arrangement or contract which may subsequently be entered into by the Company, that notice shall be deemed to be a sufficient declaration of his interests so far as the content stated in such notice is concerned, provided that such notice shall have been given before the date on which the entering into the relevant contract or arrangement is first taken into consideration by the Company.

Matters relating to the remuneration of our directors shall be determined by the shareholders’ general meeting.

We shall not directly or indirectly make a loan to or provide any security for a director, unless the provision by the Company of a loan or a security or any other funds to a director to meet expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him for the sake of the Company or for the purpose of enabling him to perform his duties properly, in accordance with the terms of a service contract approved by the shareholders in a general meeting. If the ordinary business scope of the Company includes the provision of loans and security, the Company may make a loan to or provide a security to a director on normal commercial terms.

Dividends

Dividend shall be paid twice a year. The final dividends of the Company shall be decided by the shareholders by way of an ordinary resolution. The shareholders may by way of an ordinary resolution authorize the board of directors to decide on the interim dividends. The Company may pay any dividends in cash, shares or otherwise in such other way as permitted by laws and regulations. The Company will tend to pay any such dividends in cash over other methods of payment. The Company shall pay cash dividends for the year in which both the net profit attributable to the parent company and the cumulative undistributed profit are positive and so long as the cash flows of the Company may support its normal course of operation and sustainable development. Any such cash dividends shall not be less than 30% of the net profit attributable to the parent company for that year. If the shareholders’ general meeting passes motions in connection with the distribution of cash dividend, allotment of bonus shares, or conversion of capital common reserve fund into share capital, the Company shall implement detailed plans thereof within two months after the conclusion of such shareholders’ general meeting. If a shareholder has not claimed his dividends six years after such dividends has been declared in accordance with the Articles of Association, such shareholder is deemed to forfeit his right to claim such dividends.

When the Company distributes itsafter-tax profits for a given year, it shall allocate 10% of profits to its statutory common reserve fund. The Company shall no longer be required to make allocations to its statutory common reserve fund once the aggregate amount of such reserve reaches 50% or more of its registered capital. If the Company’s statutory common reserve fund is insufficient to make up its losses of the previous years, such losses shall be made up from the profit for the current year before the Company makes allocations to the statutory common reserve fund. The Company may, if so resolved by the shareholders’ meeting, make allocations to the discretionary common reserve fund fromafter-tax profits after making allocations to the statutory common reserve fund from theafter-tax profits. The Company’safter-tax profits remaining after it has made up its losses and made allocations to its common reserve fund shall be distributed in proportion to the shareholdings of its shareholders. If the shareholders’ meeting distributes profits before the Company has made up its losses and made allocations to the statutory common reserve fund, the profits distributed must be returned to the Company.

Shareholders’ Rights

A shareholder of the Company is a person who lawfully holds shares of the Company and whose name (title) is entered in the register of shareholders. Shareholders who hold shares of the same class shall enjoy the same rights. Article 49 set forth the rights of shareholders of ordinary shares such as the right to (i) receive dividends and other distributions in proportion to the number of shares held; (ii) propose, convene, preside over, attend or appoint a proxy to attend shareholders’ general meetings and to vote thereat in accordance with laws; (iii) supervise management over business operations and present proposals or to raise queries; (iv) transfer, donate or pledge shares; (v) obtain financial information and other company information; (vi) participate in the distribution of residual assets of the Company in proportion to the number of shares held, in the event of the termination or liquidation of the ~~Company;~~Company, etc.

If the content of a resolution of a shareholders’ general meeting or the board of directors violates any laws or administrative regulations, a shareholder has the right to file a petition with the court to invalidate the

resolution. If the procedure for convening or the method of voting at a shareholders’ general meeting or a meeting of the board of directors violates any laws, administrative regulations or the Company’s Articles of Association, or if the contents of a resolution breaches the Company’s Articles of Association, a shareholder may file a petition with the court to revoke the resolution within 60 days from the date on which the resolution was passed. If a director or any other senior officers violated any laws, administrative regulations or the Company’s Articles of Association in the course of performing his or her duties to the Company, and thereby caused the Company to incur a loss, a shareholder or shareholders who individually or jointly hold one per cent (1%) or more of the Company’s shares for more than one hundred and eighty (180) consecutive days may request in writing the supervisory committee to initiate proceedings in the court. If the supervisory committee has violated the laws, administrative regulations or the Articles of Association in the course of performing its duties to the Company, and thereby caused the Company to incur a loss, shareholder(s) may request in writing the board of directors to initiate proceedings in the court in respect thereof. If the supervisory committee or the board of directors refuses to initiate proceedings after receipt of a written request from the shareholder(s) as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, or fails to initiate proceedings within 30 days of the date of receipt of the request, or under urgent circumstances where failure to promptly initiate proceedings would cause irreparable harm to the Company’s interests, the shareholders mentioned in the preceding paragraph are entitled to directly initiate proceedings in the court in their own name in the interests of the Company.

Shareholders’ General Meetings

Shareholders’ general meetings shall be convened by the board of directors. Annual general meetings are held once every year and within 6 months from the end of the preceding financial year. The board of directors shall convene an extraordinary general meeting within 2 months of the occurrence of any one of the events set forth in Article 63.

A45-days prior written notice should be given to all of the shareholders whose names appear in the share register. A shareholder who intends to attend the meeting shall deliver to the Company his written reply concerning his attendance at such meeting 20 days before the date of the meeting. Shareholder(s) holding 3% or more of the total voting shares of the Company shall have the right to propose motions in writing to the convener 10 days prior to the date of such meeting. Any shareholder who is entitled to attend and vote at a general meeting shall be entitled to appoint one or more persons as his proxies to attend and vote on his behalf.

A shareholder (including a proxy), when voting at a general meeting, may exercise such voting rights as are attached to the voting shares which he represents, except where the cumulative voting system is adopted for voting on the election of directors and supervisors, each share shall have one vote. The voting on the election of directors and supervisors at the general meeting shall apply the cumulative voting system, which means that each share held by a shareholder shall have the same number of voting rights as the number of directors and supervisors to be elected and the voting rights held by a shareholder can be collectively exercised. At any

shareholders’ general meeting, a resolution shall be decided on a show of hands unless voting by way of a poll is required under the listing rules or demanded by the following persons before or after any vote by a show of hands: (i) the chairman of the meeting; (ii) at least two shareholders present in person or by proxy entitled to vote thereat; (iii) one or more shareholders present in person or by proxy who represent(s), individually or in aggregate, 10% or more of all shares carrying the right to vote at the meeting.

An ordinary resolution must be passed by votesrepresenting one-half or more of the voting rights represented by the shareholders (including proxies) present at the general meeting. The following matters shall be resolved by an ordinary resolution: (i) work reports of the board of directors and the supervisory committee; (ii) annual profit distribution plans and loss recovery plans formulated by the board of directors; (iii) appointment or removal of members of the board of directors and members of the supervisory committee, their remuneration and manner of payment; (iv) annual budgets and final accounts, balance sheets and profit and loss accounts and other financial statements of the Company; (v) matters other than those which are required by the laws, administrative regulations or the Company’s Articles of Association to be adopted by a special resolution.

A special resolution must be passed by votes representingtwo-thirds or more of the voting rights represented by the shareholders (including proxies) present at the general meeting. The following matters shall be resolved by a special resolution: (i) increase or reduction in the share capital of the Company and the issue of shares of any class, warrants and other similar securities by the Company; (ii) issue of debentures of the Company; (iii) division, merger, dissolution and liquidation of the Company; (iv) amendment of the Company’s Articles of Association; (v) acquisition or disposal of major assets in one year or provision of securities for third parties which exceeds 30% of the latest audited total assets of the Company; (vi) stock incentive plans; (vii) any other matters considered by the shareholders at general meeting, and resolved by way of an ordinary resolution, to be of a nature which may have a material impact on the Company and should be adopted by a special resolution in accordance with the laws, administrative regulations and the Company’s Articles of Association.

Where any shareholders request for the convention of an extraordinary general meeting or a class meeting the following procedures shall be followed: (i) shareholders who individually or in aggregate hold not less than 10% of the Company’s shares with voting right shall have the right to request in writing the board of directors to convene an extraordinary general meeting or a class meeting. The board of directors shall, according to the laws, administrative regulations and the Company’s Articles of Association, give written feedback of consenting to or refusing the convening of such extraordinary shareholders’ general meeting within 10 days after it has received the request. If the board of directors consents to convene an extraordinary general meeting or a class meeting, it shall give notice for such shareholders’ general meeting within five days after it has so resolved. The consent of the concerned shareholders shall be obtained if any change is to be made to the request in the notice. If the board of directors refuses to convene an extraordinary general meeting or a class meeting, or it fails to give any feedback within 10 days after it has received the request, the shareholders who individually or in aggregate hold not less 10% of the Company’s shares shall have the right to request in writing the supervisory committee to convene the extraordinary general meeting or class meeting; and (ii) If the supervisory committee consents to convene the extraordinary general meeting or the class meeting, it shall give the notice for such shareholders’ general meeting within five days after it has received the request. The consent of the concerned shareholders shall be obtained if any change is to be made to the request in the notice. If the supervisory committee fails to give notice of convening the shareholders’ general meeting within the provided time limit, the supervisory committee shall be deemed to have failed to convene and preside the shareholders’ general meeting, and the shareholders who individually or in aggregate hold not less than 10% of the Company’s shares for more than 90 consecutive days may at their own discretion convene and preside such a meeting.

The general meeting may authorize the board of directors to carry out matters on their behalf, with clear and specific authorization. AnFor authorization of a matter that requiring an ordinary resolution, an ordinary resolution of the shareholders’ general meeting shall be passed by affirmative votes representing at least 50% of the voting rights represented by the shareholders (including shareholders’ proxies) present at the meeting. AFor authorization of a matter that requiring a special resolution, a special resolution of the shareholders’ general meeting shall be passed by affirmative votes representing at leasttwo-thirds of the voting rights represented by the shareholders (including shareholders’ proxies) present at the meeting.

Special Procedures for Voting by a Class of Shareholders and Modification of Rights

In addition to holders of other classes of shares, the holders of the domestic-invested shares and holders of overseas-listed foreign-invested shares shall be deemed to be holders of different classes of shares. Rights conferred on any class of shareholders (“class rights”) may not be varied or abrogated save with the approval of a special resolution of shareholders at a general meeting and by the class shareholders affected at a separate meeting. Article 96 set forth the circumstances which shall be deemed to be variation or abrogation of the rights attaching to a particular class of shares, including but not limited to increasing or decreasing the number of shares of that class, reducing or removing preferential rights attached to shares of that class to receive dividends or the distribution of assets in the event that the Company is liquidated, etc. Shareholders of the affected class, whether or not otherwise having the right to vote at shareholders’ general meetings, have the right to vote at class meetings in respect of certain matters listed in Article 96, but interested shareholder(s) shall not be entitled to

vote at such class meetings. Resolutions of a class meeting shall be passed by votesrepresenting two-thirds or more of the voting rights of shareholders of that class present at the relevant meeting who are entitled to vote. Written notice of a class meeting shall be given to all shareholders who are registered as holders of that class in the register of shareholders 45 days before the date of the class meeting. A shareholder who intends to attend the class meeting shall deliver his written reply in respect thereof to the Company 20 days before the date of the class meeting. The special procedures for approval by separate class shareholders shall not apply to the circumstances where the Company issues, upon the approval by a special resolution of its shareholders at a general meeting, either separately or concurrently once every 12 months, not more than 20% of each of its existing issued Domestic-Invested Shares and Overseas-Listed Foreign-Invested Shares.

Share Capital

The Company must have ordinary shares at all times. Subject to the applicable government approvals, the Company may create different classes of shares. Each share of the same class shall carry the same rights and the same benefits. The Company may, based on its operating and development needs, authorize the increase of its capital pursuant to the Articles of Association. The Company may increase its capital by public ornon-public offering of shares; by allotting bonus shares to its existing shareholders; by converting common reserve fund into share capital; by any other means which is stipulated by law and administrative regulation and approved the relevant government authorities. Unless otherwise stipulated in the relevant laws or administrative regulations, shares of the Company shall be freely transferable and are not subject to any lien. Domestic-invested shares and overseas-listed foreign-invested shares shall be purchased, sold, donated, inherited and charged on in accordance with the PRC laws and the Company’s Articles of Association. The Company may not accept its own shares as the subject matter of a pledge. Subject to certain conditions, the Company has the power to sell the shares of a shareholder who is untraceable and retain the payment. According to the procedures provided in the Company’s Articles of Association, the Company may reduce its registered capital. The Company may, in accordance with the procedures set out in the Company’s Articles of Association and with the approval of the relevant governing authorities, repurchase its issued shares under certain circumstances. The repurchase may be made by a general offer, stock exchange,off-market agreement, etc. The Company must obtain prior approval of the shareholders in a general meeting (in the manner stipulated in the Company’s Articles of Association) before it can repurchase shares outside of the stock exchange by means ofan off-market agreement.

Material Contracts

WeIn the two years proceeding the date of this report, we have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described under “Item 4 — Information on the Company”, “Item 7 — Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions” or elsewhere in this Form annual report.

Foreign Exchange Controls

The Renminbi currently is not a freely convertible currency. We receive most of our revenues in Renminbi. A portion of our Renminbi revenues must be converted into other currencies to meet our foreign currency obligations, including:

debt service on foreigncurrency-denominated debt;

external capital expenditures and equity investment;

purchases of imported equipment and materials; and

payment of any dividends declared with respect to the H Shares.

Under the existing foreign exchange regulations in China, we may undertake current account foreign exchange transactions, including the payment of dividends, without prior approval from the State Administration

of Foreign Exchange by producing commercial documents evidencing such transactions, provided that they are processed through Chinese banks licensed to engage in foreign exchange transactions.

Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account, including principal payments with respect to foreigncurrency-denominated obligations, continue to be subject to limitations and require the prior approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. These limitations could affect our ability to obtain foreign exchange through debt financing, or to obtain foreign exchange for capital expenditures.

We have been, and will continue to be, affected by changes in exchange rates in connection with our ability to meet our foreign currency obligations and will be affected by such changes in connection with our ability to pay dividends on the H Shares in Hong Kong dollars and on ADSs in U.S. dollars. We believe that we have or will be able to obtain sufficient foreign exchange to continue to satisfy these obligations. We do not engage in any financial contract or other arrangement to hedge our currency exposure.

We are not aware of any other PRC laws, decrees or regulations that restrict the export or import of capital or that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments tonon-resident holders.

Taxation

The following discussion addresses the main PRC and United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership of H Shares or ADSs purchased held by the investor as capital assets.

PRC Taxation

Dividends and Individual Investors

Pursuant to the Individual Income Tax Law of the PRC, all foreign individuals are subject to a 20% withholding tax on dividends paid by a PRC company on its shares listed overseas, or Overseas Shares, unless specifically exempt by the financial authority of the State Council of the PRC. However, pursuant to theNotice on the Collection of Individual Income Tax after the Abolishment of Guoshuifa [1993] No. 045, or Circular 348, issued by the State General Administration of Taxation of the PRC on June 28, 2011, foreign individual shareholders holding H Shares, or individual H shareholders, in a PRC company listed in Hong Kong may be subject to different levels of withholding taxes on dividends based on the tax treaties of their home countries with China. Individual H shareholders, who are residents of Hong Kong or Macau or who enjoy a 10% tax rate on dividends based on the tax treaties of their home countries with China, are subject to a withholding tax rate of 10% with respect to theH-share dividends they receive. For those individual H shareholders whose home countries have tax treaties with China prescribing a tax rate on dividends lower than 10%, the PRC company, whose shares are held by such individual H shareholders, ~~need~~needs to make tax filings on behalf of the individual

H shareholders in order for them to enjoy such tax treatment. For individual H shareholders whose home countries have tax treaties with China prescribing a tax rate on dividends between 10% and 20%, the PRC company, whose shares are held by such individual H shareholders, shall withhold the individual income tax at theagreed-upon tax rate. For individual H shareholders whose home countries have no tax treaties with China or whose home countries have tax treaties with China prescribing a tax rate on dividends higher than 20%, the PRC company shall withhold the tax at a rate of 20%.

Dividends and Foreign Enterprises

Pursuant to theEnterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC and the implementing rules thereunder, theCircular on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Corporate Income Tax by PRC Resident Enterprises from Dividends Payable to H ShareNon-resident Corporate Shareholders, and theMeasures for the Administration of the Enjoyment byNon-residents of the Treatments under the Tax Treaties, when paying any of its H sharenon-resident corporate shareholders any dividends, we withhold the corporate income tax from such dividends at

a rate of 10%. For an H share non-resident corporate shareholder whose home country has a tax treaty with China prescribing a tax rate on dividends lower than 10%, such H sharenon-resident corporate shareholder may, by itself or through an agent or us, make filings with the competent taxation authority for the treatment under the applicable tax treaty and present the documents evidencing that such shareholder is qualified to be a beneficial owner as defined under the applicable tax treaty.

Tax Treaties

If you are a tax resident or citizen of a country that has entered into adouble-taxation treaty with the PRC, you may be entitled to a reduction in the amount of tax withheld, if any, imposed on the payment of dividends. The PRC currently has such treaties with a number of countries, including but not limited to:

the United States;

Australia;

Canada;

France;

Germany;

Japan;

Malaysia;

Singapore;

the United Kingdom; and

the Netherlands.

Under certain treaties, the rate of withholding tax imposed by China’s taxation authorities may be reduced. Pursuant to theMeasures for the Administration of the Enjoyment by Non-residents of the Treatments under the Tax Treaties promulgated by the State Administration of Taxation on August 27, 2015,non-PRC residents are entitled to the applicable benefit under tax treaties when they make tax filings or upon withholding by third parties and no prior approvals of the taxation authorities are required.

Capital Gains

TheIndividual Income Tax Law of the PRC, provides for a capital gains tax of 20% on individuals. TheProvisions for Implementing the Individual Income Tax Law of the PRC, provides that the measures to levy individual income tax on the gains realized on the sale of shares will be made in the future by the Ministry of

Finance and subject to the approval of the State Council. However, the Ministry of Finance has not so far promulgated a specific taxation method to levy tax on the capital gains realized by individual holders of H Shares or ADSs from sale of shares. If in the future such specific taxation method is promulgated, an individual holder of H Shares or ADSs may be subject to a 20% tax on capital gains under theIndividual Income Tax Law of the PRC as amended from time to time, unless exempted or reduced by an applicable double taxation treaty or relevant PRC law or regulation.

Under theEnterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC, capital gains realized by foreign enterprises which arenon-resident enterprises in the PRC upon the sale of Overseas Shares by PRC companies are generally subject to a PRC withholding tax levied at a rate of 10%, unless exempted or reduced pursuant to an applicabledouble-taxation treaty or other exemptions.

Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect

In April 2014, China launched the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect Program, which is a cross-boundary investment channel that connects the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Under the

program, investors in each market are able to trade shares on the other market using their local brokers and clearing agencies. In accordance with the current PRC tax policies, foreign investors are temporarily exempt from income tax on capital gains derived from the trading of~~A-shares~~ A Shares under the program and will be subject to a 10% withholding tax on the dividends received under the program. For a shareholder whose home country has tax treaty with China prescribing a tax rate on dividends lower than 10%, such shareholder may by itself or through an agent or the withholding agent, apply to the competent taxation authority for the treatment under the applicable tax treaty and present the documents evidencing that such shareholder is qualified to be a beneficial owner as defined under the applicable tax treaty.

Additional PRC Tax Considerations

Under the Provisional Regulations of the People’s Republic of China Concerning the Stamp Duty, a stamp duty is not imposed by the PRC on the transfer of shares, such as the H Shares or ADSs, of PRC publicly traded companies that take place outside of China.

United States Federal Income Taxation

The following is a general discussion of the material United States federal income tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of the H Shares or ADSs if you are a U.S. holder, as defined below, and hold the H Shares or ADSs as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. This discussion does not address all of the tax consequences relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of the H Shares or ADSs, and does not take into account U.S. holders who may be subject to special rules including:

tax-exempt entities;

certain insurance companies;

broker-dealers;

traders in securities that elect to mark to market;

U.S. expatriates;

U.S. holders liable for alternative minimum tax;

U.S. holders that own (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 10% or more of the voting power or value of our equity;

U.S. holders that hold as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction; or

U.S. holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.

This discussion is based on the Code, its legislative history, final, temporary and proposed United States Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, published rulings and court decisions as in effect on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change, or changes in interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect. In addition, this discussion is based in part upon representations of the depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement and any related agreements will be performed according to its terms.

You are a “U.S. holder” if you are:

a citizen or resident of the United States for United States federal income tax purposes;

a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes, created or organized under the laws of the United States, or any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income tax without regard to its source; or

a trust:

subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and the control of one or more United States persons; or

that has elected to be treated as a United States person under applicable United States Treasury regulations.

If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) holds the H Shares or ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership that holds the H Shares or ADSs, we urge you to consult your tax advisors regarding the consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the H Shares or ADSs.

This discussion does not address any aspects of United States taxation other than federal income taxation.

We urge you to consult your tax advisors regarding the United States federal, state, local andnon-United States tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the H Shares or ADSs.

In general, if you hold American depositary receipts evidencing ADSs, you will be treated as owner of the H Shares represented by the ADSs. The following discussion assumes that we are not a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, as discussed under “PFIC Rules” below.

Distributions on the H Shares or ADSs

The gross amount of any distribution (without reduction for any PRC tax withheld) we make on the H Shares or ADSs out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) will be includible in your gross income as dividend income when the distribution is actually or constructively received by you, in the case of the H Shares, or by the depositary in the case of ADSs. Because we do not intend to determine our earnings and profits on the basis of United States federal income tax principles, any distribution paid will generally be treated as a “dividend” for United States federal income tax purposes. Subject to certain limitations, dividends paid tonon-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, currently are eligible for a reduced rate of taxation if we are deemed to be a “qualified foreign corporation” for United States federal income tax purposes. A qualified foreign corporation includes:

a foreign corporation that is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program; or

a foreign corporation if its stock with respect to which a dividend is paid (or ADSs backed by such stock) is readily tradable on an established securities market within the United States (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes),

but does not include an otherwise qualified foreign corporation that is a PFIC in the taxable year that the dividend is paid or in the prior taxable year. We believe that we will be a qualified foreign corporation so long as we are not a PFIC and we are considered eligible for the benefits of the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic of China for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, or the Treaty. Our status as a qualified foreign corporation, however, may change.

Distributions that exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to you to the extent of your tax basis in the H Shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gains. Any dividend will not be eligible for thedividends-received deduction generally allowed to United States corporations with respect to dividends received from United States corporations. The amount of any distribution of property other than cash will be the fair market value of such property on the date of such distribution.

If we make a distribution paid in HK dollars, you will be considered to receive the U.S. dollar value of the distribution determined at the spot HK dollar/ U.S. dollar rate on the date such distribution is received by you or by the depositary, regardless of whether you or the depositary convert the distribution into U.S. dollars. Any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend payment is includible in your income to the date you or the depositary convert the distribution into U.S. dollars will be treated as United States source ordinary income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

Subject to various limitations, any PRC tax withheld from distributions in accordance with PRC law, as limited by the Treaty, as discussed under “— PRC Taxation,” will be deductible or creditable against your United States federal income tax liability. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, dividends paid on the H Shares or ADSs will be foreign source income, and will be treated as “passive category income” or, in the case of some U.S. holders, “general category income.” You may not be able to claim a foreign tax credit (and instead may claim a deduction) fornon-United States taxes imposed on dividends paid on the H Shares or ADSs if you (i) have held the H Shares or ADSs for less than a specified minimum period during which you are not protected from risk of loss with respect to such Shares, or (ii) are obligated to make payments related to the dividends (for example, pursuant to a short sale).

Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition

Upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of the H Shares or ADSs, you will recognize a capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized and your tax basis, determined in U.S. dollars, in such H Shares or ADSs. Any gain or loss will generally be United States source gain or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Capital gain of certainnon-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, is generally taxed at a reduced rate where the property has been held more than one year. Your ability to deduct capital losses is subject to limitations. If any PRC tax is withheld from your gain on a sale, exchange or other disposition of H Shares or ADSs, as discussed under “— PRC Taxation,” such tax would only be creditable against your United States federal income tax liability to the extent that you have foreign source income. However, in the event that such PRC tax is withheld, a U.S. holder that is eligible for the benefits of the Treaty may be able to treat the gain as foreign source income for foreign tax credit satisfaction purposes. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the United States federal income tax consequences if PRC tax is withheld from your gain on the sale, exchange or other disposition of H Shares or ADSs, including the availability of a foreign tax credit under your particular circumstances.

If you are paid in a currency other than U.S. dollars, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date of the payment resulting from the sale, exchange or other disposition

to the date you convert the payment into U.S. dollars will be treated as United States source ordinary income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

PFIC Rules

In general, a foreign corporation is a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year in which, after applying relevantlook-through rules with respect to the income and assets of subsidiaries:

75% or more of its gross income consists of passive income, such as dividends, interest, rents and royalties; or

50% or more of the average quarterly value of its assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income.

For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, certain types of rents and royalties, annuities, net gains from the sale or exchange of property producing such income, net gains from commodity transactions, net foreign currency gains and net income from notional principal contracts. In addition, cash, cash equivalents, securities held for investment purposes, and certain other similar assets are generally categorized as passive assets.

We believe that we did not meet either of the PFIC tests in the taxable year that ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and believe that we will not meet either of the PFIC tests in the current or subsequent taxable years and therefore will not be treated as a PFIC for such periods. We must make a separate determination after the close of each taxable year as to whether we were a PFIC for that year. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC in the current or subsequent taxable years.

If we were a PFIC in any taxable year that you held the H Shares or ADSs, you generally would be subject to special rules with respect to “excess distributions” made by us on the H Shares or ADSs and with respect to gain from your disposition of the H Shares or ADSs. An “excess distribution” generally is defined as the excess of the distributions you receive with respect to the H Shares or ADSs in any taxable year over 125% of the average annual distributions you have received from us during the shorter of the three preceding years or your holding period for the H Shares or ADSs. Generally, you would be required to allocate any excess distribution or gain from the disposition of the H Shares or ADSs ratably over your holding period for the H Shares or ADSs. The portion of the excess distribution or gain allocated to a prior taxable year, other than a year prior to the first year in which we became a PFIC, would be taxed at the highest United States federal income tax rate on ordinary income in effect for such taxable year, and you would be subject to an interest charge on the resulting tax liability, determined as if the tax liability had been due with respect to such particular taxable years. The portion of the excess distribution or gain that is not allocated to prior taxable years, together with the portion allocated to the years prior to the first year in which we became a PFIC, would be included in your gross income for the taxable year of the excess distribution or disposition and taxed as ordinary income.

The foregoing rules with respect to excess distributions and dispositions may be avoided or reduced if you are eligible for and timely make a valid“mark-to-market” election. If your H Shares or ADSs were treated as shares regularly traded on a “qualified exchange” for United States federal income tax purposes and a valid and timelymark-to-market election was made, in calculating your taxable income for each taxable year, you generally would be required to take into account as ordinary income or loss the difference, if any, between the fair market value and the adjusted tax basis of your H Shares or ADSs at the end of your taxable year. However, the amount of loss you would be allowed is limited to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of themark-to–market election. The New York Stock Exchange on which the ADSs are traded is a qualified exchange for United States federal income tax purposes.

Alternatively, a timely election to treat us as a qualified electing fund under Section 1295 of the Code could be made to avoid the foregoing rules with respect to excess distributions and dispositions. You should be aware,

however, that if we become a PFIC, we do not intend to satisfy record keeping requirements that would permit you to make a qualified electing fund election.

If you own the H Shares or ADSs during any year that we are a PFIC, you must annually file Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, Form 8621(or any other form subsequently specified by the United States Treasury Department), subject to certain exceptions based on the value of PFIC stock held. We encourage you to consult your own tax advisor concerning the United States federal income tax consequences of holding the H Shares or ADSs that would arise if we were considered a PFIC.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

In general, information reporting requirements will apply to dividends with respect to the H Shares or ADSs or the proceeds of the sale, exchange or other disposition of the H Shares or ADSs paid within the United States, and in some cases, outside of the United States, other than to various exempt recipients, including corporations. In addition, you may, under some circumstances, be subject to “backup withholding” with respect to dividends paid on the H Shares or ADSs or the proceeds of any sale, exchange or other disposition of the H Shares or ADSs, unless you:

are a corporation or fall within various other exempt categories, and, when required, demonstrate this fact; or

provide a correct taxpayer identification number on a properly completed IRS FormW-9 or a substitute form, certify that you are exempt from backup withholding and otherwise comply with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount withheld under the backup withholding rules generally will be creditable against your United States federal income tax liability provided that you furnish the required information to the IRS in a timely manner and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS in a timely manner and furnishing any required information. If you do not provide a correct taxpayer identification number you may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS.

In addition, certain U.S. holders who are individuals that hold certain foreign financial assets (which may include the H Shares or ADSs) may be required to report information relating to such assets, subject to certain exceptions. You should consult your own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this requirement on your ownership and disposition of the H Shares or ADSs.

Documents on Display

You may find our annual reports on Form20-F, the exhibits and other documents filed with the SEC on its websitewww.sec.gov.

The Commission allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with the Commission. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the Commission. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this annual report on Form20-F.

Item 11— QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

In the normal course of business, we hold or issue various financial instruments which expose us to interest rate and foreign exchange rate risks. Additionally, our operations are affected by certain commodity price movements. We ~~historically have not used~~use derivative instruments such as commodity futures, commodity swaps and commodity options for hedging ~~or trading purposes. Such activities~~

~~are subject to policies approved by our senior management.~~some price risks efficiently. Substantially all of the financial instruments we hold are for purposes other than trading. We regard an effective market risk management system as an important element of our treasury function and are currently enhancing our systems. A primary objective of our market risk management is to implement certain methodologies to better measure and monitor risk exposures.

The following discussions and tables, which constitute“forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties, summarize ourmarket-sensitive financial instruments including fair value, maturity and contract terms. Such discussions address market risk only and do not present other risks which we face in the normal course of business.

Interest Rate Risk

Our interest risk exposure arises from changing interest rates. The tables below provide information about our financial instruments including various debt obligations that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The tables present principal cash flows and relatedweighted-average interest rates at expected maturity dates.Weighted-average variable rates are based on effective rates as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018.~~2019. The information is presented in Renminbi equivalents, our reporting currency.

Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

We conduct our business primarily in Renminbi. However, a portion of our RMB revenues are converted into other currencies to be used in foreign investment and trading, to meet foreign currency financial instrument

obligations and to pay for imported oil, gas, equipment and other materials. Foreign currency payments for imported equipment represented ~~1.1%~~3.2%, ~~3.2%~~3.5% and ~~3.5%~~1.4% of our total payments for equipment in ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively. Foreign currency payments for other imported materials represented ~~0.02%~~0.01%, ~~0.01%~~0.0002% and ~~0.0002%~~0.09% of our total payments for materials in ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

The Renminbi is not a freely convertible currency. Limitation in foreign exchange transactions imposed by the PRC government could cause future exchange rates to vary significantly from current or historical exchange rates.

The tables below provide information about our financial instruments including foreign currency denominated debt instruments that are sensitive to foreign currency exchange rates. The tables below summarize such information by presenting principal cash flows and relatedweighted-average interest rates at expected maturity dates in RMB equivalents, using the exchange rates in effect as of December 31, ~~2016,~~ 2017, 2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.

December 31, 2019

Expected Maturity Date Percentage
to Total
Long-Term
Borrowings Fair
Value
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total
(RMB equivalent in millions, except percentages)
Long term debt

Loans in RMB

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
10,537 4,645 33,010 2,855 17,716 10,152 78,915 20.97% 76,027
Average interest rate
4.00% 2.79% 4.07% 4.30% 3.17% 4.15% — — —
Variable Rate Loan Amount
2,854 17,515 51,274 315 768 7,839 80,565 21.41% 80,565
Average interest rate
4.52% 4.37% 4.12% 5.00% 4.32% 4.11% — — —
Loans in Euro

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
4 1 1 1 — 126 133 0.04% 239
Average interest rate
2.00% 2.00% 2.00% 2.00% — 3.88% — — —
Variable Rate Loan Amount
3,595 — — — — — 3,595 0.96% 3,595
Average interest rate
2.35% — — — — — — — —
Loans in United States Dollar

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
36 36 17 9 9 105 212 0.06% 188
Average interest rate
0.49% 0.49% 0.36% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% — — —
Variable Rate Loan Amount
42,838 12,544 14,769 — — 13 70,164 18.65% 70,164
Average interest rate
4.34% 4.38% 4.03% — — 5.41% — — —
Loans in Japanese Yen

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
1 — 3 3 3 8 18 0.00% 18
Average interest rate
2.30% — 2.30% 2.30% 2.30% 1.77% — — —
Variable Rate Loan Amount
— — — — — — — — —
Average interest rate
— — — — — — — — —
Loans in Hong Kong Dollar

Variable Rate Loan Amount
6 2 672 — — — 680 0.18% 680
Average interest rate
2% 2% 3.77% — — — — — —
Debentures in Canadian Dollar

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
— — — — — — — — —
Average interest rate
— — — — — — — — —
Variable Rate Loan Amount
— — — — — — — — —
Average interest rate
— — — — — — — — —
Debentures in United States Dollar

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
— — — — — — — — —
Debentures in RMB

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
2,000 — 31,000 — 10,300 6,700 50,000 13.29% 49,622
Average interest rate
4.30% — 3.09% — 4.10% 3.84% — — —
Medium term note in RMB

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
20,000 — 15,000 — 50,000 — 85,000 22.59% 83,894
Average interest rate
3.85% — 3.45% — 3.64% — — — —
Medium term note in United State Dollar

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
3,472 — — — — 3,471 6,943 1.85% 6,815
Average interest rate
2.88% — — — — 3.75% — — —
Total
85,343 34,743 145,746 3,183 78,796 28,414 376,225 100.00% 371,807

December 31, 2018


	Expected Maturity Date																				Percentage to Total Long-Term Borrowings			Fair Value		Expected Maturity Date														Percentage to Total Long-Term Borrowings		Fair Value
	2019			2020			2021			2022			2023			Thereafter			Total		Percentage to Total Long-Term Borrowings			Fair Value		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Thereafter		Total		Percentage to Total Long-Term Borrowings		Fair Value
	(RMB equivalent in millions, except percentages)																									(RMB equivalent in millions, except percentages)
Long term debt
Loans in RMB
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		36,351			10,583			1,310			26,585			2,626			20,114			97,569		28.30	%		94,272		36,351		10,583		1,310		26,585		2,626		20,114		97,569		28.30%		94,272
Average interest rate		4.31	%		3.99	%		4.43	%		3.66	%		4.30	%		4.58	%		—		—			—		4.31%		3.99%		4.43%		3.66%		4.30%		4.58%		—		—		—
Variable Rate Loan Amount		32,508			3,091			28,339			165			266			7,624			71,993		20.88	%		71,993		32,508		3,091		28,339		165		266		7,624		71,993		20.88%		71,993
Average interest rate		3.94	%		4.53	%		4.08	%		4.85	%		4.89	%		4.11	%		—		—			—		3.94%		4.53%		4.08%		4.85%		4.89%		4.11%		—		—		—
Loans in Euro
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		13			—			—			—			—			52			65		0.02	%		166		13		—		—		—		—		52		65		0.02%		166
Average interest rate		2.00	%		—			—			—			—			0.95	%		—		—			—		2.00%		—		—		—		—		0.95%		—		—		—
Variable Rate Loan Amount		—			2,354			—			—			—			—			2,354		0.68	%		2,354		—		2,354		—		—		—		—		2,354		0.68%		2,354
Average interest rate		—			2.35	%		—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		2.35%		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loans in United States Dollar
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		36			36			36			17			9			110			244		0.07	%		206		36		36		36		17		9		110		244		0.07%		206
Average interest rate		1.17	%		1.17	%		1.17	%		0.75	%		0.09	%		0.04	%		—		—			—		1.17%		1.17%		1.17%		0.75%		0.09%		0.04%		—		—		—
Variable Rate Loan Amount		2,483			48,621			12,752			12,890			—			—			76,746		22.26	%		76,746		2,483		48,621		12,752		12,890		—		—		76,746		22.26%		76,746
Average interest rate		2.58	%		4.55	%		4.71	%		4.04	%		—			—			—		—			—		2.58%		4.55%		4.71%		4.04%		—		—		—		—		—
Loans in Japanese Yen
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		8			—			3			3			3			6			23		0.01	%		27		8		—		3		3		3		6		23		0.01%		27
Average interest rate		2.40	%		—			2.30	%		2.30	%		2.30	%		0.36	%		—		—			—		2.40%		—		2.30%		2.30%		2.30%		0.36%		—		—		—
Variable Rate Loan Amount		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loans in Hong Kong Dollar
Variable Rate Loan Amount		664			6			2			1			—			—			673		0.20	%		673		664		6		2		1		—		—		673		0.20%		673
Average interest rate		2.57	%		2.00	%		2.00	%		2.00	%		—			—			—		—			—		2.57%		2.00%		2.00%		2.00%		—		—		—		—		—
Debentures in Canadian Dollar
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Variable Rate Loan Amount		—			—			—			—			—		��	—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Debentures in United States Dollar
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Debentures in RMB
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		3,307			2,000			31,000			2,000			8,300			6,700			53,307		15.46	%		52,287		3,307		2,000		31,000		2,000		8,300		6,700		53,307		15.46%		52,287
Average interest rate		1.63	%		4.30	%		3.09	%		4.90	%		4.24	%		3.96	%		—		—			—		1.63%		4.30%		3.09%		4.90%		4.24%		3.96%		—		—		—
Medium term note in RMB
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		—			—			35,000			—			—			—			35,000		10.15	%		34,458		—		—		35,000		—		—		—		35,000		10.15%		34,458
Average interest rate		—			—			2.20	%		—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		2.20%		—		—		—		—		—		—
Medium term note in United State Dollar
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		—			3,410			—			—			—			3,408			6,818		1.98	%		6,696		—		3,410		—		—		—		3,408		6,818		1.98%		6,696
Average interest rate		—			2.87	%		—			—			—			3.76	%		—		—			—		—		2.87%		—		—		—		3.76%		—		—		—
Total		75,370			70,101			108,442			41,661			11,204			38,014			344,792		100.00	%		339,878		75,370		70,101		108,442		41,661		11,204		38,014		344,792		100.00%		339,878

December 31, 2017

Expected Maturity Date Percentage
to Total
Long-Term
Borrowings Fair
Value
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total
(RMB equivalent in millions, except percentages)
Long term debt

Loans in RMB

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
244 35,999 6,044 13,109 23,083 30,594 109,073 29.37 % 92,939
Average interest rate
3.28 % 4.33 % 4.30 % 3.51 % 3.86 % 4.56 % —   —   —
Variable Rate Loan Amount
33,142 6,750 2,802 66 232 6,650 49,642 13.37 % 49,642
Average interest rate
3.80 % 4.03 % 4.57 % 4.55 % 4.74 % 3.98 % —   —   —
Loans in Euro

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
13 21 8 —   —   49 91 0.02 % 113
Average interest rate
—   —   —   —   —   4.08 % —   —   —
Variable Rate Loan Amount
2,341 —   —   —   2,341 0.63 % 2,341
Average interest rate
—   —   2.35 % —   —   —   —   —   —
Loans in United States Dollar

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
36 36 36 36 18 106 268 0.07 % 240
Average interest rate
1.11 % 1.11 % 1.11 % 1.11 % 0.68 % 0.05 % —   —   —
Variable Rate Loan Amount
12,084 13,140 38,577 218 14,522 115 78,656 21.18 % 78,656
Average interest rate
3.53 % 3.68 % 3.78 % 4.13 % 3.62 % 4.35 % —   —   —
Loans in Japanese Yen

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
17 4 3 3 3 7 37 0.01 % 41
Average interest rate
—   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —
Variable Rate Loan Amount
—   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —
Average interest rate
—   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —
Loans in Hong Kong Dollar

Variable Rate Loan Amount
—   620 —   —   —   —   620 0.17 % 620
Average interest rate
—   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —
Debentures in Canadian Dollar

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
—   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —
Average interest rate
—   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —
Variable Rate Loan Amount
—   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —
Average interest rate
—   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —
Debentures in United States Dollar

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
—   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —
Average interest rate
—   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —
Debentures in RMB

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
16,000 3,230 2,000 31,000 2,000 15,000 69,230 18.64 % 62,631
Average interest rate
4.47 % 1.61 % 4.30 % —   4.90 % 4.12 % —   —   —
Medium term note in RMB

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
20,000 —   20,000 15,000 —   —   55,000 14.81 % 50,333
Average interest rate
4.03 % —   3.85 % 3.45 % —   —   —   —   —
Medium term note in United State Dollar

Fixed Rate Loan Amount
—   —   3,218 —   —   3,218 6,436 1.73 % 6,151
Average interest rate
—   —   2.89 % —   —   3.76 % —   —
Total
81,536 59,800 75,029 59,432 39,858 55,739 371,394 100.00 % 343,707

~~December 31, 2016~~


	Expected Maturity Date																				Percentage to Total Long-Term Borrowings			Fair Value		Expected Maturity Date															Percentage to Total Long-Term Borrowings		Fair Value
	2017			2018			2019			2020			2021			Thereafter			Total		Percentage to Total Long-Term Borrowings			Fair Value		2018		2019		2020		2021			2022		Thereafter		Total		Percentage to Total Long-Term Borrowings		Fair Value
	(RMB equivalent in millions, except percentages)																									(RMB equivalent in millions, except percentages)
Long term debt
Loans in RMB
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		9,796			245			36,317			10,112			3,110			40,143			99,723		22.45	%		97,691		244		35,999		6,044		13,109			23,083		30,594		109,073		29.06%		92,939
Average interest rate		3.83	%		3.27	%		4.35	%		3.96	%		2.09	%		4.61	%		—		—			—		3.28%		4.33%		4.30%		3.51%			3.86%		4.56%		—		—		—
Variable Rate Loan Amount		13,193			33,639			6,634			70			218			31,998			85,752		19.30	%		85,752		37,142		6,750		2,802		66			232		6,650		53,642		14.29%		53,642
Average interest rate		3.94	%		3.81	%		4.05	%		4.86	%		4.89	%		3.93	%		—		—			—		3.44%		4.03%		4.57%		4.55%			4.74%		3.98%		—		—		—
Loans in Euro
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		12			24			24			16			9			6			91		0.02	%		106		13		21		8		—			—		49		91		0.02%		113
Average interest rate		2.03	%		2.67	%		2.67	%		2.96	%		3.72	%		3.56	%		—		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		4.08%		—		—		—
Variable Rate Loan Amount		—			—			—			2,197			—			—			2,197		0.49	%		2,197						2,341		—			—		—		2,341		0.62%		2,341
Average interest rate		—			—			—			2.35	%		—			—			—		—			—		—		—		2.35%		—			—		—		—		—		—
Loans in United States Dollar
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		38			39			38			38			38			130			321		0.07	%		297		36		36		36		36			18		106		268		0.07%		240
Average interest rate		1.12	%		1.09	%		1.12	%		1.12	%		1.12	%		0.14	%		—		—			—		1.11%		1.11%		1.11%		1.11%			0.68%		0.05%		—		—		—
Variable Rate Loan Amount		13,732			20,494			14,684			41,596			779			368			91,653		20.63	%		91,653		12,084		13,140		38,577		218			14,522		115		78,656		20.95%		78,656
Average interest rate		2.33	%		3.13	%		3.27	%		3.22	%		5.66	%		3.99	%		—		—			—		3.53%		3.68%		3.78%		4.13%			3.62%		4.35%		—		—		—
Loans in Japanese Yen
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		14			22			7			4			3			7			57		0.01	%		60		17		4		3		3			3		7		37		0.01%		41
Average interest rate		2.52	%		2.38	%		2.46	%		2.00	%		2.66	%		2.26	%		—		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		—		—
Variable Rate Loan Amount		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		—		—
Loans in Hong Kong Dollar
Variable Rate Loan Amount		—			—			666			—			—			—			666		0.15	%		666		—		620		—		—			—		—		620		0.17%		620
Average interest rate		—			—			2.27	%		—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		—		—
Debentures in Canadian Dollar
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		—		—
Variable Rate Loan Amount		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—	��		—		—		—		—		—
Debentures in United States Dollar
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		—		—
Average interest rate		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		—		—		—
Debentures in RMB
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		16,000			16,000			3,350			—			31,000			17,000			83,350		18.76	%		81,637		16,000		3,230		2,000		31,000			2,000		15,000		69,230		18.44%		62,631
Average interest rate		4.55	%		4.47	%		1.63	%		—			3.09	%		4.21	%		—		—			—		4.47%		1.61%		4.30%		—			4.90%		4.12%		—		—		—
Medium term note in RMB
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		18,630			20,000			—			20,000			15,000			—			73,630		16.57	%		71,999		20,000		—		20,000		15,000			—		—		55,000		14.65%		50,333
Average interest rate		4.21	%		4.03	%		—			3.85	%		3.45	%		—			—		—			—		4.03%		—		3.85%		3.45%			—		—		—		—		—
Medium term note in United State Dollar
Fixed Rate Loan Amount		—			—			—			3,431			—			3,431			6,862		1.55	%		6,747		—		—		3,218		—			—		3,218		6,436		1.71%		6,151
Average interest rate		—			—			—			2.88	%		—			3.75	%		—		—			—		—		—		2.89%		—			—		3.76%		—		—
Total		71,415			90,463			61,720			77,464			50,157			93,083			444,302		100.00	%		438,805		85,536		59,800		75,029		59,432			39,858		55,739		375,394		100.00%		347,707

See “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Pricing and Exchange Rate”.

Commodity Price Risk

We are engaged in a wide range ofpetroleum-related activities and purchase certain quantity of oil from the international market to meet our demands. The prices of crude oil and refined products in the international market are affected by various factors such as changes in global and regional politics and economy, the demand and supply of crude oil and refined products, as well as unexpected events and disputes with international repercussions. The domestic crude oil price is determined with reference to the international price of crude oil whereby the ~~prices of~~ domestic refined ~~products were allowed to~~oil prices adjust ~~more~~with changes in ~~line with the~~crude oil prices in the international market. We

~~international crude oil market. Other than certain subsidiaries~~use derivative instruments such as commodity futures, commodity swaps and commodity options to hedge some commodity price risks. We have strict internal control requirements with respect to the purpose, types, holding volumes of ~~our company, we generally do not use~~ any derivative instruments as against the inventories, and the transaction process of the derivatives. Any derivative instruments we have are entered into solely fornon-trading purposes. We do not expect any material market risks to ~~evade~~the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity exist as a result of entering into such ~~price risks.~~derivatives. See “Item 3 — Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Pricing and Exchange Rate”.

Item 12— DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

Fees paid by our ADS holders

The Bank of New York Mellon, the depositary of our ADS program, collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADSs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The depositary may refuse to deliver ADSs or the deposited shares or provide any distributions until its fees for those services are paid.


Persons Depositing or Withdrawing Shares Must Pay:		For:

$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof)		Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property

		Cancelation of ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates

$~~0.02~~0.5 (or less) per ADS (or portion thereof)		Any cash distribution to ADS holders

$0.05 (or less) per ADS per calendar year		Depositary services

A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs		Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to ADS holders

Registration or transfer fees		Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares

Expenses of the depositary		Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement)

		Converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars

Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADS or share underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes		As necessary

Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities		As necessary

Fees and Payments from the Depositary to Us

In the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, we received from the depositary a reimbursement of US$~~356,417.58,~~285,431.04, net of withholding tax, for our continuing annual stock exchange listing fees and our expenses incurred in connection with investor relationship programs. In addition, the depositary has agreed to reimburse us certain amount per year of the facility, including but not limited to, investor relations expenses or any other American depositary receipts program related expenses. The amount of such reimbursements is subject to certain limits.

PART II

Item 13— DEFAULTS, DIVIDENDS ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

None.

Item 14 — MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS TO SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

Item 15— CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of the Management on Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Chairman, ~~who currently performs the function of Chief Executive Officer,~~president and ~~our~~ Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the United States Exchange Act Rules13a-15(e) and 15d(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, have concluded that, as of such date, our company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that material information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file and furnish under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and regulations and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our company’s management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rules13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our company’s management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, our company evaluated the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in the framework inInternal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our company’s management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.

The effectiveness of our company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 has been audited by KPMG Huazhen LLP, our company’s independent registered public accountants, as stated below.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the ~~Stockholders~~Shareholders and Board of Directors

PetroChina Company Limited:

Opinion on Internal Control ~~over~~Over Financial Reporting

We have audited PetroChina Company Limited and subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, based on criteria established inInternal Control — Integrated

Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, based on criteria established inInternal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated statements of financial position of the Company as of December 31,

~~2018~~ 2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in equity ~~and cash flows~~ for each of the years in the three-year period ended ~~as of~~ December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated April 29, ~~2019~~2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

/s/KPMG Huazhen LLP

Beijing, China

April 29, ~~2019~~2020

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our company’s internal control over financial reporting. ~~On May 14, 2013, the COSO published an updated Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) and related illustrative documents. We adopted the new framework in 2014.~~

Item 16A— AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Our audit committee is composed of twonon-executive independent directors, Mr. Lin Boqiang and Mr. Zhang Biyi, and onenon-executive director, Mr. Liu Yuezhen. See “Item 6 — Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Board Practices — Audit Committee”. Mr. Zhang Biyi, ournon-executive independent director has been confirmed as a “financial expert” as defined in Item 16A ofForm 20-F.

Item 16B— CODE OF ETHICS

We adopted our code of business conduct and ethics for senior management on March 23, 2004 and our code of business conduct and ethics for employees on March 2, 2005 and have disclosed the content of both codes on our website.

These two Codes of Ethics may be accessed as follows:

1. From our main web page, first click on “Investor Relations”.

2. Next, click on “Corporate Governance Structure”.

3. Finally, click on “Code of Ethics for Senior Management” or “Code of Ethics for Employees of PetroChina Company Limited”.

This 20-F also includes both of the codes as exhibit 11.1 and 11.2.

Item 16C— PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

KPMG Huazhen LLP served as our independent accountant for the fiscal years of ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018.~~2019. The office of KPMG Huazhen LLP is located at 8th Floor, KPMG Tower, Oriental Plaza, 1 East Chang An Avenue, ~~Beijing.~~Beijing, China.

The following table presents the aggregate fees paid by us (not including our subsidiaries) for professional audit services, tax and other services rendered by KPMG Huazhen LLP to us for each of the years ended December 31, ~~2017~~2018 and ~~2018,~~2019, respectively.


	December 31,
	2017		2018		December 31,
	RMB		RMB		2018		2019
	(In millions)				RMB in millions
Audit fees		53		53		53		53
Audit-related fees		—		—		—		—
Tax fees		—		—		—		—
All other fees		—		—		—		—

Total		53		53		53		53

The auditors’ remuneration above represented the annual fees paid by us for the years indicated. The remuneration did not include fees of ~~RMB52~~RMB60 million ~~(2017:~~(2018: RMB52 million) paid by our subsidiaries to KPMG Huazhen LLP and its network firms which primarily included audit fees of ~~RMB43~~RMB50 million ~~(2017: RMB40~~(2018: RMB43 million), audit-related fees of ~~RMB6~~RMB7 million ~~(2017: RMB8~~(2018: RMB6 million) and tax fees of RMB2 million ~~(2017: RMB3~~(2018: RMB2 million), and other service fees of RMB1 million ~~(2017:~~(2018: RMB1 million), respectively.

Audit CommitteePre-approved Policies and Procedures

Currently, all audit services to be provided by our independent registered public accountant, KPMG Huazhen LLP, must be ~~approved~~pre-approved by our audit committee.

During the year ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, services relating to all non-audit related fees provided to us by KPMG Huazhen LLP were approved by our audit committee in accordance with the de minimis exception to the pre-approval requirement provided by paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

Item 16D— EXEMPTIONS FROM LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

We rely on an exemption contained in paragraph (b)(1)(iv)(D) of Rule10A-3 under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, from the New York Stock Exchange listing requirement that each member of the audit committee of a listed issuer must be independent. Our singlenon-independent audit committee member, who is a representative of CNPC, ~~has only observer status and~~ is not ~~entitled to take any action at~~a voting member, nor the chairman of the audit committee of our board of directors, which qualifies us for the exemption from the independence requirements available under paragraph (b)(1)(iv)(D) of Rule10A-3. See “Item 6 — Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Board Practice — Audit Committee.” We believe our reliance on this exemption does not have any adverse effect on the ability of our audit committee to act independently.

Item 16E — PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

Not applicable.

Item 16F — CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

Not applicable.

Item 16G — CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

We are incorporated under the laws of the PRC, with A Shares publicly traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, or the SSE, and H Shares publicly traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, or the HKSE, and American Deposit Shares representing H Shares on the NYSE. As a result, our corporate governance framework is subject to the mandatory provisions of the PRC Company Law and the Corporate Governance Rules as well as the securities laws, regulations and the listing rules of Hong Kong and the United States.

The following discussion summarizes the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those that would apply to a U.S. domestic issuer under the NYSE corporate governance rules.

Director Independence

Under the NYSE corporate governance rule 303A.01, a listed company must have a majority of independent directors on its board of directors. A company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, a group or another company, or a controlled company, is not required to comply with this requirement. We are not required under the PRC Company Law and the HKSE Listing Rules to have a majority of independent directors on our board of directors. As of the date of this report, five of our 1011 directors were independentnon-executive directors.

Under the NYSE corporate governance rule 303A.03, thenon-management directors of a listed company must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management. There are no mandatory requirements under the PRC Company Law and the HKSE Listing Rules that a listed company should hold, and we currently do not hold, such executive sessions.

Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee

Under the NYSE corporate governance rule 303A.04, a listed company must have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, with a written charter that covers certain

minimum specified duties, but a controlled company is not required to comply with this requirement. The Corporate Governance Code as amended by the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong provides that issuers shall establish a nominating committee, and a majority of which should be independentnon-executive directors and the chairman shall be served by an independentnon-executive director or the board chairman. We are not required under the PRC Company Law to have a nominating/corporate governance committee. We set up a nominating committee in August 2015, which consists of the chairman of our board of directors and two independent directors.

Compensation Committee

Under the NYSE corporate governance rule 303A.05, a listed company must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors, with a written charter that covers certain minimum specified duties. A controlled company is not required to comply with this requirement. We are not required under the PRC Company Law to have a compensation committee. Under the Corporate Governance Code of the HKSE Listing Rules, a listed company must have a remuneration committee composed of a majority of independentnon-executive directors, with a written term of references that covers certain minimum specified duties.

We currently do not have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors. However, we have an evaluation and remuneration committee including a majority of independentnon-executive directors.

Corporate Governance Guidelines

Under the NYSE corporate governance rule 303A.09, a listed company must adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines that cover certain minimum specified subjects. We are not required under the PRC Company Law and the HKSE Listing Rules to have, and we do not currently have, formal corporate governance guidelines. However, we have the Articles of Association, the Rules and Procedures of Board of Directors and the Trial Implementation Rules for Compensation of Senior Management that address the following subjects:

director qualification standards and responsibilities;

key board committee responsibilities;

director compensation; and

director orientation and continuing education.

In 2009, we formulated the Administrative Measures on Independent Directors, the Administrative Rules on Holding of Company Shares by Directors, Supervisors and Senior Management, the Administrative Measures on Investor’s Relationship and the rules and procedures of the Audit Committee, the Performance Review and Compensation Committee, the Investment and Development Committee, and the Safety and Environmental Protection Committee. All these policies have further enhanced our corporate governance system and can ensure the better performance of duties of directors, supervisors, senior managers and committee members. In 2015, we set up a nominating committee and formulated the Rules of Procedures of the Nominating Committee.

In 2017, we revised our articles of association according to relevant regulatory requirements. We added the cumulative voting provisions, and defined the role of the CPC’s core leadership in the articles of association. Ourby-laws with respect to general meeting, board of directors and supervisory committee were also amended in line with the amendment to the articles. In 2018, we formulated the Corporate Guarantee Management Measures and revised the Measures for Registration of Insiders of Insider Information. In 2019, we formulated the Procedures of Appointment of Directors.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Under the NYSE corporate governance rule 303A.10, a listed company must adopt and disclose its code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code

for directors or executive officers. See “Item 16B — Code of Ethics”. We are not required under the PRC Company Law and the HKSE Listing Rules to have, and we do not currently have, a code of business conduct and ethics for directors. However, pursuant to the HKSE Listing Rules, all of our directors must comply with the Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Companies (the “Model Code”) as set out in the Listing Rules. The Model Code sets forth required standards with which the directors of a listed company must comply in securities transactions of the listed company.

CEO Certification Requirements

Under the NYSE corporate governance rule 303A.12(a), each listed company’s CEO must certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the company of NYSE corporate governance listing standards. ~~Our CEO is not required under the~~The PRC Company Law and the HKSE Listing Rules ~~to submit, and our CEO does~~do not ~~currently submit,~~have such ~~certification. Instead, our~~requirements. Our chairman ~~who~~ performs the ~~duties of~~certification under the ~~CEO, does the certification.~~rule 303A.12(a).

Item 16H — MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 17— FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We have elected to provide the financial statements and related information specified in Item 18 in lieu of Item 17.

Item 18— FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

See pageF-1 to ~~F-70~~F-79 following Item 19.

Item 19— EXHIBITS

(a) See Item 18 for a list of the financial statements as part of this annual report.

(b) Exhibits to this annual report.


Exhibit Number		Description of Exhibits

1.1		Articles of Association (as amended on October 26, 2017) (English translation)⁽³⁾

2.1*		A description of rights of each class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

4.1		Non-competition Agreement between CNPC and PetroChina (English translation)⁽¹⁾

4.2		Trademark Licensing Contract between CNPC and PetroChina (English translation)⁽¹⁾

4.3		Patent andKnow-how Licensing Contract between CNPC and PetroChina (English translation)⁽¹⁾

4.4		Computer Software Licensing Contract between CNPC and PetroChina (English translation)⁽¹⁾

4.5		Contract for Transfer of Rights under Production Sharing Contracts between CNPC and PetroChina (English translation)⁽¹⁾

4.6		Contract for the Supervision of Certain Sales Enterprises between CNPC and PetroChina (English translation)⁽¹⁾


Exhibit Number		Description of Exhibits

4.7		Comprehensive Products and Services Agreement, dated August 24, 2017, between CNPC and PetroChina⁽⁴⁾

4.8		Land Lease Agreement, dated August 24, 2017, between CNPC and PetroChina⁽⁴⁾


~~Exhibit~~ ~~Number~~		~~Description of~~ ~~Exhibits~~

4.9		Building Lease Agreement, dated August 24, 2017, between CNPC and PetroChina⁽⁴⁾

4.10*		~~Annual Crude Oil Mutual Supply Framework Agreement, dated December 26, 2018, between China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation and PetroChina (English translation)~~

8.1*		List of major subsidiaries

11.1		Code of Ethics for Senior Management⁽²⁾

11.2		Code of Ethics for Employees⁽²⁽²⁾⁾

12.1*		Certification of ~~Chief Executive Officer~~Chairman required by Section 302 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

12.2*		Certification of president required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

12.3*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Section 302 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

13.1*		Certification of ~~Chief Executive Officer~~Chairman required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

13.2*		Certification of president required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

13.3*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of theSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

15.1*		Reserves Report for the year ended on December 31, ~~2018~~2019 prepared by DeGolyer and MacNaughton

15.2*		Reserves Audit Report for the year ended on December 31, ~~2018~~2019 prepared by DeGolyer and MacNaughton

15.3*		Reserves Report for the year ended on December 31, ~~2018~~2019 prepared by Ryder Scott

15.4*		Reserves Report for the year ended on December 31, ~~2018~~2019 prepared by GLJ Petroleum Consultants

15.5*		Reserves Report for the year ended on December 31, ~~2018~~2019 prepared by McDaniel & Associates Consultants, Ltd.

15.6*		Consent Letter of Ryder Scott

101.INS*		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*	To be filed as exhibits to this Form20-F.

(1)	Paper filing; incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on FormF-1 (FileNo. 333-11566) filed with the Commission, as declared effective on March 29, 2000.

(2)	Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 (FileNo. 1-15006) filed with the Commission.

(3)	Incorporated by reference to our report on Form6-K (FileNo. 1-15006) filed with the Commission on October 26, 2017.

(4)	Incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (File No. 1-15006) filed with the Commission.

SIGNATURE

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

/s/Wu Enlai

Name: Wu Enlai

Title: Secretary to Board of Directors

Date: April 29, ~~2019~~2020

INDEX OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Page
PetroChina Company Limited and its Subsidiaries
Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		F-2

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017		~~F-3~~F-5

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018		~~F-4~~F-6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017		~~F-5~~F-7

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017		~~F-7~~F-9

Notes to the Financial Statements		~~F-8~~F-10

Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Activities (Unaudited)		~~F-62~~F-71

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the ~~Stockholders~~Shareholders and Board of Directors

PetroChina Company Limited:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of PetroChina Company Limited and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in equity ~~and cash flows~~ for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by ~~the~~ International Accounting Standards Board.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, based on criteria established inInternal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated April 29, ~~2019~~2020 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 3(aa)(i) to the consolidated financial statements, the Group has changed its method of accounting for leases as of January 1, 2019 due to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard 16 “Leases”.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm(continued)


Assessment of impairment of oil and gas properties

The critical audit matter		How the matter was addressed in our audit
As discussed in notes 3(f), 3(g), 5(b) and 15 to the consolidated financial statements, oil and gas properties as included in property, plant and equipment amounted to Renminbi (“RMB”)831,814 million as at December 31, 2019 and the impairment losses recognized for oil and gas properties for the year ended December 31, 2019 were RMB11,562 million. The Company allocates oil and gas properties to separately identifiable cash-generating units (“CGUs”) and reviews these CGUs for possible impairment by considering events or changes in circumstances indicating that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Such events and changes in circumstances include the economic impact on these CGUs resulting from lower oil and gas prices, higher production costs and decline in oil and gas reserve volumes as estimated by the reserves specialists in accordance with recognized industry standards. For those CGUs where an impairment indicator is identified, the Company compares the carrying amount of individual CGU with its recoverable amount, which is estimated by calculating the value in use using a discounted cash flow forecast, to determine the impairment loss to be recognized, if any. We identified assessment of impairment of oil and gas properties as a critical audit matter because the recoverable amounts of these CGUs are sensitive to the changes to future selling prices and production costs for crude oil and natural gas; future production profiles; and discount rates and therefore a higher degree of subjective auditor judgment was required to evaluate the Company’s impairment assessment of oil and gas properties.		The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following: • tested certain internal controls over the processes for impairment assessment of oil and gas properties; • evaluated the Company’s identification of CGUs, allocation of assets to the CGUs and identification of impairment indicators; • assessed the competence, capabilities and objectivity of the Company’s reserves specialists and evaluated the methodology adopted by them in estimating the oil and gas reserves against the recognized industry standards; • evaluated the future selling prices for crude oil and natural gas used in the discounted cash flow forecasts by comparing them with the Company’s business plans and forecasts by external analysts; • evaluated the future production costs and future production profiles used in the discounted cash flow forecasts by comparing them with oil and gas reserves reports issued by the reserves specialists; • involved our internal professionals with skills and knowledge on valuation to assist us in assessing the discount rates applied in the discounted cash flow forecasts against a discount rate range that was independently developed using publicly available market data for comparable companies in the same industry; and • compared the actual results for the current year with the Company’s forecasts prepared in the prior year to assess the historical accuracy of the Company’s forecasting process.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm(continued)


Assessment of impairment of goodwill resulting from the acquisition of PetroChina United Pipelines Company Limited

The critical audit matter		How the matter was addressed in our audit
As discussed in notes 3(h), 5(c) and 20 to the consolidated financial statements, as at December 31, 2019, the carrying amount of the goodwill resulting from the acquisition of PetroChina United Pipelines Company Limited in 2015 (“the Pipeline Goodwill”) was RMB34,285 million. The Company performs impairment assessment of the Pipeline Goodwill and compares the carrying value of the CGU containing the Pipeline Goodwill with its recoverable amount by calculating the value in use using a discounted cash flow forecast to determine if any impairment is required. We identified assessment of impairment of the Pipeline Goodwill as a critical audit matter because the recoverable amount of the CGU containing the Pipeline Goodwill is sensitive to the changes to forecast transportation volume, transportation price and operating costs, and discount rate and therefore a higher degree of subjective auditor judgment was required to evaluate the Company’s impairment assessment of Pipeline Goodwill.		The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following: • tested certain internal controls over the processes for impairment assessment of the Pipeline Goodwill; • evaluated the Company’s identification of CGU to which the Pipeline Goodwill was allocated and the allocation of other assets to that CGU; • evaluated the discounted cash flow forecast prepared by the Company by taking into account our understanding and knowledge of the pipeline industry, including comparing the forecast transportation volume with historical data and transportation capacity, comparing forecast operating costs with historical data and relevant budget and comparing the forecast transportation price with relevant government regulations; • involved our internal valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge to assist us in assessing the discount rate applied in the discounted cash flow forecasts against a discount rate range that was independently developed using publicly available market data for comparable companies in the same industry; • compared the forecast transportation volume, transportation price and operating costs included in the discounted cash flow forecast prepared in the prior year with the current year’s performance to assess historical accuracy of the Company’s forecasting process; and • evaluated the Company’s sensitivity analyses on the key assumptions adopted in the discounted cash flow forecast, including discount rate, operating costs and transportation volume, and the impact of changes in the key assumptions on the Company’s impairment assessment.

/s/KPMG Huazhen LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

Beijing, China

April 29, ~~2019~~2020

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017

(Amounts in millions, except for the per share data)


	Notes		2018			2017^Note			2016^Note			Notes		2019			2018^Note			2017^Note
			RMB			RMB			RMB					RMB			RMB			RMB
REVENUE		6		2,353,588			2,015,890			1,616,903			6		2,516,810			2,374,934			2,032,298

OPERATING EXPENSES
Purchases, services and other				(1,539,010	)		(1,285,716	)		(959,640	)				(1,697,834	)		(1,553,784	)		(1,295,032	)
Employee compensation costs		8		(144,027	)		(125,384	)		(117,662	)		8		(154,318	)		(144,391	)		(125,703	)
Exploration expenses, including exploratory dry holes				(18,726	)		(23,884	)		(18,576	)				(20,775	)		(18,726	)		(23,884	)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization				(231,929	)		(237,375	)		(218,147	)				(225,262	)		(232,276	)		(237,807	)
Selling, general and administrative expenses				(73,986	)		(77,042	)		(74,255	)				(68,596	)		(74,477	)		(77,557	)
Taxes other than income taxes		9		(217,267	)		(198,022	)		(189,608	)		9		(228,436	)		(220,677	)		(200,704	)
Other (expenses)/ income, net				(7,646	)		(745	)		21,620
Other income/(expenses) net															173			(7,661	)		(775	)

TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES				(2,232,591	)		(1,948,168	)		(1,556,268	)				(2,395,048	)		(2,251,992	)		(1,961,462	)

PROFIT FROM OPERATIONS				120,997			67,722			60,635					121,762			122,942			70,836

FINANCE COSTS
Exchange gain				12,475			8,217			12,828					10,017			12,701			8,252
Exchange loss				(11,330	)		(9,311	)		(11,571	)				(10,016	)		(11,581	)		(9,436	)
Interest income				3,769			2,901			2,491					3,631			3,779			2,912
Interest expense		10		(22,352	)		(22,408	)		(23,348	)		10		(30,409	)		(22,718	)		(22,841	)

TOTAL NET FINANCE COSTS				(17,438	)		(20,601	)		(19,600	)				(26,777	)		(17,819	)		(21,113	)

SHARE OF PROFIT OF ASSOCIATES AND JOINT VENTURES				11,647			5,968			4,105					8,229			11,647			5,968

PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE		7		115,206			53,089			45,140			7		103,214			116,770			55,691
INCOME TAX EXPENSE		12		(42,790	)		(16,296	)		(15,768	)		12		(36,199	)		(42,790	)		(16,296	)

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR				72,416			36,793			29,372					67,015			73,980			39,395

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss
Fair value loss from financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income				(201	)		—			—
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Item that will not be reclassified to profit or loss
Fair value changes in equity investment measured at fair value through other comprehensive income															156			(201	)		—
Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Currency translation differences				(2,667	)		(431	)		9,404					8,357			(2,667	)		(431	)
Fair value loss fromavailable-for-sale financial assets, net of tax				—			(608	)		(128	)				—			—			(608	)
Share of the other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method				220			(326	)		313					417			220			(326	)

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, NET OF TAX				(2,648	)		(1,365	)		9,589					8,930			(2,648	)		(1,365	)

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR				69,768			35,428			38,961					75,945			71,332			38,030

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR ATTRIBUTABLE TO:
Owners of the Company				52,591			22,798			7,857					45,682			53,036			23,537
Non-controlling interests				19,825			13,995			21,515					21,333			20,944			15,858

				72,416			36,793			29,372				67,015			73,980			39,395

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ATTRIBUTABLE TO:
Owners of the Company				47,627			23,685			15,814					50,323			48,072			24,424
Non-controlling interests				22,141			11,743			23,147					25,622			23,260			13,606

				69,768			35,428			38,961				75,945			71,332			38,030

BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY(RMB)		13		0.29			0.12			0.04			13		0.25			0.29			0.13

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Note:

The comparative amounts in the financial statements are presented as if Dalian West Pacific Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (“Dalian West Pacific”) had been consolidated from the beginning of the earliest financial year presented (see Note 40). Furthermore, the Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at January 1, 2019 and IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at January 1, 2018. Under the transition ~~methods~~approaches chosen, the comparative information is not restated in this respect (see Note 3(aa)).

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

As of December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018

(Amounts in millions)


	Notes		2018			2017^Note			Notes		2019			2018^Note
			RMB			RMB					RMB			RMB
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Property, plant and equipment		15		1,705,901			1,702,813			15		1,783,224			1,709,388
Investments in associates and joint ventures		16		89,362			81,159			16		102,073			89,362
Available-for-sale financial assets		17		—			1,917
Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income		18		738			—
Equity investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income										17		922			738
Advance operating lease payments		20		78,240			73,896			19		—			78,240
Right-of-use assets										41		254,736			—
Intangible and othernon-current assets		21		98,298			92,941			20		100,663			98,309
Deferred tax assets		32		23,498			26,724			31		24,259			23,498
Time deposits with maturities over one year				3,101			—					120			3,101

TOTALNON-CURRENT ASSETS				1,999,138			1,979,450					2,265,997			2,002,636

CURRENT ASSETS
Inventories		22		174,586			144,669			21		181,921			177,577
Accounts receivable		23		58,507			53,143			22		64,184			59,522
Prepayments and other current assets		24		88,594			72,014			23		103,127			89,345
Notes receivable		25		16,308			19,215			24		7,016			16,308
Time deposits with maturities over three months but within one year				9,535			13,344					24,256			9,535
Cash and cash equivalents		26		85,598			122,777			25		86,409			85,954

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS				433,128			425,162					466,913			438,241

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		27		297,828			343,819			26		328,314			299,848
Contract liabilities		28		68,076			—			27		82,490			68,144
Income taxes payable				5,728			9,533					7,564			5,728
Other taxes payable				77,016			47,898					59,818			77,560
Short-term borrowings		29		137,738			175,417			28		175,840			145,150
Lease liabilities										41		7,393			—

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES				586,386			576,667					661,419			596,430

NET CURRENT LIABILITIES				(153,258	)		(151,505	)				(194,506	)		(158,189	)

TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES				1,845,880			1,827,945					2,071,491			1,844,447

EQUITY
EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY:
Share capital		30		183,021			183,021			29		183,021			183,021
Retained earnings				732,182			712,437					743,124			731,163
Reserves		31		299,083			298,062			30		304,011			299,599

TOTAL EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY				1,214,286			1,193,520					1,230,156			1,213,783
NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS				196,372			187,799					214,149			195,108

TOTAL EQUITY				1,410,658			1,381,319					1,444,305			1,408,891

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long-term borrowings		29		269,422			289,858			28		290,882			269,422
Asset retirement obligations		33		132,780			131,546			32		137,935			132,780
Lease liabilities										41		164,143			—
Deferred tax liabilities		32		17,015			12,660			31		21,411			17,015
Other long-term obligations				16,005			12,562					12,815			16,339

TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES				435,222			446,626					627,186			435,556

TOTAL EQUITY AND NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES				1,845,880			1,827,945					2,071,491			1,844,447

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Note:

The comparative amounts in the financial statements are presented as if the Dalian West Pacific had been consolidated from the beginning of the earliest financial year presented (see Note 40). Furthermore, the Group has initially applied IFRS ~~15 and IFRS 9~~16 at January 1, ~~2018.~~2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Under this approach chosen, the ~~transition methods chosen,~~ comparative information is not restated in this respect (see Note 3(aa)).

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017

(Amounts in millions)


	2018			2017^Note			2016^Note			2019			2018^Note			2017^Note
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Profit for the year		72,416			36,793			29,372			67,015			73,980			39,395
Adjustments for:
Income tax expense		42,790			16,296			15,768			36,199			42,790			16,296
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		231,929			237,375			218,147			225,262			232,276			237,807
Capitalized exploratory costs charged to expense		8,579			9,455			9,689			8,900			8,579			9,455
Safety fund reserve		608			327			1,614			(1,318	)		608			327
Share of profit of associates and joint ventures		(11,647	)		(5,968	)		(4,105	)		(8,229	)		(11,647	)		(5,968	)
Provision for impairment of receivables, net		15			3,254			1,609
(Reversal)/accrual of provision for impairment of receivables, net											(1,367	)		15			3,254
Write down in inventories, net		4,078			1,069			2,634			1,260			4,230			1,069
Impairment ofavailable-for-sale financial assets		—			—			(2	)
Impairment of othernon-current assets		77			3,784			115			22			77			3,784
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment		16,759			4,939			7,972			9,809			16,761			4,963
Gain on disposal of othernon-current assets		(501	)		(108	)		(37	)		(501	)		(501	)		(108	)
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries		(45	)		(613	)		(24,674	)		(49	)		(45	)		(613	)
Dividend income		(52	)		—			(60	)		(22	)		(52	)		—
Interest income		(3,769	)		(2,901	)		(2,491	)		(3,631	)		(3,779	)		(2,912	)
Interest expense		22,352			22,408			23,348			30,409			22,718			22,841
Changes in working capital:
Accounts receivable, prepayments and other current assets		(9,203	)		(2,779	)		5,281			(5,017	)		(9,280	)		(3,876	)
Inventories		(34,110	)		1,141			(22,638	)		(5,624	)		(34,705	)		437
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		49,177			65,229			16,825			27,416			49,127			65,624
Contract liabilities		900			—			—			14,346			892			—

CASH FLOWS GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS		390,353			389,701			278,367			394,880			392,044			391,775
Income taxes paid		(38,788	)		(23,046	)		(13,188	)		(35,270	)		(38,788	)		(23,046	)

NET CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES		351,565			366,655			265,179			359,610			353,256			368,729

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017

(Amounts in millions)


	2018			2017^Note			2016^Note			2019			2018^Note			2017^Note
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures		(267,220	)		(229,239	)		(181,054	)		(319,686	)		(267,310	)		(229,492	)
Acquisition of investments in associates and joint ventures		(2,911	)		(3,901	)		(2,008	)		(4,326	)		(2,911	)		(3,901	)
Acquisition of financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income		(2	)		—			—
Acquisition of equity investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income											—			(2	)		—
Acquisition ofavailable-for-sale financial assets		—			(16	)		(400	)		—			—			(16	)
Prepayments on long-term operating leases		(3,856	)		(3,928	)		(2,586	)
Prepayments on long-term leases											(3,820	)		(3,856	)		(3,928	)
Acquisition of intangible assets and othernon-current assets		(4,668	)		(3,837	)		(5,781	)		(3,256	)		(4,668	)		(3,839	)
Acquisition of subsidiaries											(183	)		—			—
Payments tonon-controlling interests due to acquisition of subsidiaries		(16	)		(1,106	)		—			—			—			(1,106	)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment		1,616			1,146			2,127			1,830			1,616			1,146
Proceeds from disposal of othernon-current assets		224			921			991			507			224			921
Interest received		2,953			2,227			2,079			2,860			2,963			2,238
Dividends received		5,438			7,181			10,505			4,865			5,438			7,181
Decrease / (increase) in time deposits with maturities over three months		710			(12,994	)		240
(Increase)/decrease in time deposits with maturities over three months											(11,739	)		694			(12,994	)

NET CASH FLOWS USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(267,732	)		(243,546	)		(175,887	)		(332,948	)		(267,812	)		(243,790	)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayments of short-term borrowings		(634,987	)		(578,129	)		(458,780	)		(614,525	)		(646,396	)		(585,660	)
Repayments of long-term borrowings		(119,240	)		(195,984	)		(285,519	)		(171,226	)		(123,745	)		(198,984	)
Repayments of lease liabilities											(17,623	)		—			—
Interest paid		(19,026	)		(19,590	)		(19,276	)		(16,830	)		(19,392	)		(20,026	)
Dividends paid tonon-controlling interests		(15,207	)		(12,621	)		(2,401	)		(14,245	)		(15,207	)		(12,621	)
Dividends paid to owners of the Company		(27,369	)		(19,626	)		(8,450	)		(30,684	)		(27,369	)		(19,626	)
Payments tonon-controlling interests due to capital reduction of subsidiaries		(86	)		—			(1	)
Cash paid to acquirenon-controlling interests											(1,059	)		—			—
Capital reduction of subsidiaries											(182	)		(86	)		(17	)
Increase in short-term borrowings		601,689			601,862			460,478			634,896			615,781			610,808
Increase in long-term borrowings		88,500			128,390			247,429			201,562			88,500			128,390
Capital contribution fromnon-controlling interests		2,211			1,470			940
Cash contribution fromnon-controlling interests											2,640			2,211			1,470
Decrease in other long-term obligations		—			(497	)		(1,427	)		—			—			(480	)

NET CASH FLOWS USED FOR FINANCING ACTIVITIES		(123,515	)		(94,725	)		(67,007	)		(27,276	)		(125,703	)		(96,746	)

TRANSLATION OF FOREIGN CURRENCY		2,503			(3,538	)		2,873			1,069			2,513			(3,551	)

(Decrease) / increase in cash and cash equivalents		(37,179	)		24,846			25,158
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents											455			(37,746	)		24,642
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year		122,777			97,931			72,773			85,954			123,700			99,058

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year		85,598			122,777			97,931			86,409			85,954			123,700

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Note:

The comparative amounts in the financial statements are presented as if the Dalian West Pacific had been consolidated from the beginning of the earliest financial year presented (see Note 40). Furthermore, the Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at January 1, 2019 and IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at January 1, 2018. Under the transition ~~methods~~approaches chosen, the comparative information is not restated in this respect (see Note 3(aa)).

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

For the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017

(Amounts in millions)


	Attributable to Owners of the Company											Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity			Attributable to owners of the Company											Non- controlling Interests			Total Equity
	Share Capital		Retained Earnings			Reserves			Subtotal			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity			Share Capital		Retained Earnings			Reserves			Subtotal
	RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Balance at January 1, 2016		183,021		711,755			284,940			1,179,716			164,318			1,344,034
Balance at January 1, 2017, as previously reported																			183,021		711,197			294,806			1,189,024			183,711			1,372,735
Adjusted for the acquisition of Dalian West Pacific (Note 40)																			—		(2,203	)		516			(1,687	)		(4,246	)		(5,933	)

Profit for the year ended December 31, 2016		—		7,857			—			7,857			21,515			29,372
Other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2016		—		—			7,957			7,957			1,632			9,589
Special reserve-safety fund reserve		—		—			1,540			1,540			74			1,614
Dividends		—		(8,450	)		—			(8,450	)		(4,282	)		(12,732	)
Equity transaction withnon-controlling interests in subsidiaries		—		—			224			224			(2,061	)		(1,837	)
Capital contribution fromnon-controlling interests		—		—			—			—			1,087			1,087
Other		—		35			145			180			1,428			1,608

Balance at December 31, 2016		183,021		711,197			294,806			1,189,024			183,711			1,372,735

Balance at January 1, 2017		183,021		711,197			294,806			1,189,024			183,711			1,372,735
Balance at January 1, 2017, as adjusted^Note																			183,021		708,994			295,322			1,187,337			179,465			1,366,802
Profit for the year ended December 31, 2017		—		22,798		��	—			22,798			13,995			36,793			—		23,537			—			23,537			15,858			39,395
Other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2017		—		—			887			887			(2,252	)		(1,365	)		—		—			887			887			(2,252	)		(1,365	)
Special reserve-safety fund reserve		—		—			178			178			149			327			—		—			178			178			149			327
Transfer to reserves		—		(1,929	)		1,929			—			—			—			—		(1,929	)		1,929			—			—			—
Dividends		—		(19,626	)		—			(19,626	)		(10,404	)		(30,030	)		—		(19,626	)		—			(19,626	)		(10,404	)		(30,030	)
Equity transaction withnon-controlling interests in subsidiaries		—		—			289			289			649			938
Transaction withnon-controlling interests in subsidiaries																			—		—			289			289			649			938
Capital contribution fromnon-controlling interests		—		—			—			—			2,584			2,584			—		—			—			—			2,584			2,584
Other		—		(3	)		(27	)		(30	)		(633	)		(663	)		—		(3	)		(27	)		(30	)		(633	)		(663	)

Balance at December 31, 2017		183,021		712,437			298,062			1,193,520			187,799			1,381,319			183,021		710,973			298,578			1,192,572			185,416			1,377,988

Balance at January 1, 2018^Note		183,021		712,437			298,062			1,193,520			187,799			1,381,319
Balance at January 1, 2018																			183,021		710,973			298,578			1,192,572			185,416			1,377,988
Profit for the year ended December 31, 2018		—		52,591			—			52,591			19,825			72,416			—		53,036			—			53,036			20,944			73,980
Other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2018		—		—			(4,964	)		(4,964	)		2,316			(2,648	)		—		—			(4,964	)		(4,964	)		2,316			(2,648	)
Special reserve-safety fund reserve		—		—			465			465			143			608			—		—			465			465			143			608
Transfer to reserves		—		(5,476	)		5,476			—			—			—			—		(5,476	)		5,476			—			—			—
Dividends		—		(27,369	)		—			(27,369	)		(15,423	)		(42,792	)		—		(27,369	)		—			(27,369	)		(15,423	)		(42,792	)
Equity transaction withnon-controlling interests in subsidiaries		—		—			13			13			(24	)		(11	)
Transaction withnon-controlling interests in subsidiaries																			—		—			13			13			(24	)		(11	)
Capital contribution fromnon-controlling interests		—		—			—			—			2,300			2,300			—		—			—			—			2,300			2,300
Disposal of subsidiaries		—		—			—			—			(879	)		(879	)		—		—			—			—			(879	)		(879	)
Other		—		(1	)		31			30			315			345			—		(1	)		31			30			315			345

Balance at December 31, 2018		183,021		732,182			299,083			1,214,286			196,372			1,410,658			183,021		731,163			299,599			1,213,783			195,108			1,408,891

Balance at January 1, 2019																			183,021		731,163			299,599			1,213,783			195,108			1,408,891

Profit for the year ended December 31, 2019																			—		45,682			—			45,682			21,333			67,015
Other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2019																			—		—			4,641			4,641			4,289			8,930
Special reserve-safety fund reserve																			—		—			(1,388	)		(1,388	)		70			(1,318	)
Transfer to reserves																			—		(3,037	)		3,037			—			—			—
Dividends																			—		(30,684	)		—			(30,684	)		(14,279	)		(44,963	)
Transaction withnon-controlling interests in subsidiaries																			—		—			(2,007	)		(2,007	)		938			(1,069	)
Capital contribution fromnon-controlling interests																			—		—			120			120			6,647			6,767
Disposal of subsidiaries																			—		—			—			—			(50	)		(50	)
Other																			—		—			9			9			93			102

Balance at December 31, 2019																			183,021		743,124			304,011			1,230,156			214,149			1,444,305

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Note:

The comparative amounts in the financial statements are presented as if the Dalian West Pacific had been consolidated from the beginning of the earliest financial year presented (see Note 40). Furthermore, the Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at January 1, 2019 and IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 at January 1, 2018. Under the transition ~~methods~~approaches chosen, the comparative information is not restated in this respect (see Note 3(aa)).

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

1	ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

PetroChina Company Limited (the “Company”) was established as a joint stock company with limited liability on November 5, 1999 by中国石油天然气集团公司(China National Petroleum Corporation (“CNPC”)) as the sole proprietor in accordance with the approval Guo Jing Mao Qi Gai [1999] No. 1024 “Reply on the approval of the establishment of PetroChina Company Limited” from the former State Economic and Trade Commission of the People’s Republic of China (“China” or “PRC”). CNPC restructured (“the Restructuring”) and injected its core business and the related assets and liabilities into the Company.中国石油天然气集团公司 was renamed ~~(“CNPC”~~中国石油天然气集团有限公司(CNPC before and after the change of name) on December 19, 2017. CNPC is a wholly state-owned company registered in China. The Company and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Group”.

The Group is principally engaged in (i) the exploration, development and production and marketing of crude oil and natural gas; (ii) the refining of crude oil and petroleum products, production and marketing of primary petrochemical products, derivative petrochemical products and other chemical products; (iii) the marketing of refined products and trading business; and (iv) the transmission of natural gas, crude oil and refined products and the sale of natural gas (Note ~~39)~~38).

2	BASIS OF PREPARATION

The consolidated financial statements and the statement of financial position of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The consolidated financial statements and the statement of financial position of the Company have been prepared under the historical cost convention except as disclosed in the accounting policies below.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRSs requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the statement of financial position and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 5.

3	SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Basis of consolidation

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has right to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity.

A subsidiary is consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and is no longer consolidated from the date that control ceases. The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries except for business combinations under common control. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

~~incurred. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent~~their fair values at the acquisition date. Contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are ~~measured initially at~~recognized in the acquisition accounting if they are present obligations and their fair ~~values at the acquisition date.~~value can be measured reliably. On anacquisition-by-acquisition basis, the Group recognizes anynon-controlling interests in the acquiree either at fair value or at thenon-controlling interests’ proportionate share of the acquiree’s net assets.

The excess of the consideration transferred, the amount of anynon-controlling interests in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the identifiable net assets is recorded as goodwill. If this is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired in the case of a bargain purchase, the difference is recognized directly in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

An acquisition of a business which is a business combination under common control is accounted for in a manner similar to a uniting of interests whereby the assets and liabilities acquired are accounted for at carryover predecessor values to the other party to the business combination with all periods presented as if the operations of the Group and the business acquired have always been combined. The difference between the consideration paid by the Group and the net assets or liabilities of the business acquired is adjusted against equity.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Unrealized losses are ~~also eliminated.~~eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. Where necessary, accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

For purpose of the presentation of the Company’s statement of financial position, investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment. ~~Cost is adjusted to reflect changes in consideration arising from contingent consideration amendments. Cost also includes direct attributable costs of investment.~~

A listing of the Group’s principal subsidiaries is set out in Note ~~19.~~18.

(b) Investments in associates

Associates are entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for by the equity method of accounting in the consolidated financial statements of the Group and are initially recognized at cost.

Under this method of accounting, the Group’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of associates is recognized in profit or loss and its share of post-acquisition movements in other comprehensive income is recognized in other comprehensive income. The cumulative post-acquisition movements are adjusted against the carrying amounts of the investments. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.

Unrealized gains on transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the associates; unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. The Group’s investment in associates includes goodwill identified on acquisition, net of any accumulated impairment loss and is tested for impairment as part of the overall balance. Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the fair value of net identifiable assets of the acquired associate at the date of acquisition. Accounting policies of associates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

A listing of the Group’s principal associates is shown in Note 16.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(c) Investments in joint ventures

Joint ventures are arrangements in which the Group with one or more parties have joint control, whereby the Group has rights to the net assets of the arrangements, rather than rights to their assets and obligations for their liabilities. The Group’s interests in joint ventures are accounted for by the equity method of accounting (Note 3(b)) in the consolidated financial statements.

A listing of the Group’s principal joint ventures is shown in Note 16.

(d) Transactions withnon-controlling interests

Transactions withnon-controlling interests are treated as transactions with owners in their capacity as owners of the Group. Gains and losses resulting from disposals tonon-controlling interests are recorded in equity. The differences between any consideration paid and the relevant share of the carrying value of net assets of the subsidiary acquired resulting from the purchase ofnon-controlling interests, are recorded in equity.

When the Group ceases to have control or significant influence, any retained interest in the entity is remeasured to its fair value, with the change in carrying amount recognized in profit or loss. The fair value is the initial carrying amount for the purposes of subsequently accounting for the retained interest as an associate, joint venture or financial asset. In addition, any amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. ~~This may mean that~~The amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss.

If the ownership interest in an associate is reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate.

(e) Foreign currencies

Items included in the financial statements of each entity in the Group are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”). Most assets and operations of the Group are located in the PRC (Note ~~39)~~38), and the functional currency of the Company and most of the consolidated subsidiaries is the Renminbi (“RMB”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in the presentation currency of RMB.

Foreign currency transactions of the Group are accounted for at the exchange rates prevailing at the respective dates of the transactions; monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at exchange rates at the date of the statement of financial position; gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities are recognized in profit or loss.

For the Group entities that have a functional currency different from the Group’s presentation currency, assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of the statement of financial position. Income and expenses for each statement of comprehensive income presented are translated at the average exchange rates for each period and the resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(f) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment, including oil and gas properties (Note 3(g)), are initially recorded in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost ~~where~~if it is probable that they will generate future economic benefits. Cost represents the purchase price of the asset and other costs incurred to bring the asset into ~~existing~~intended use. Subsequent to their initial recognition, property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization (including any impairment).

Depreciation, to write off the cost of each asset, other than oil and gas properties (Note 3(g)), to their residual values over their estimated useful lives is calculated using the straight-line method.

The Group uses the following estimated useful lives, estimated residual value ratios and annual depreciation rates for depreciation purposes:

Estimated useful lives

Estimated residual
value ratio %

Annual depreciation
rate %

Buildings

8 to 40 years

2.4 to 11.9

Equipment and Machinery

4 to 30 years

3 to 5

3.2 to 24.3

Motor Vehicles

4 to 14 years

6.8 to 23.8

Other

5 to 12 years

7.9 to 19.0

No depreciation is provided on construction in progress until the assets are completed and ready for use.

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

Property, plant and equipment, including oil and gas properties (Note 3(g)) andright-of-use assets (Note 3(k)), are reviewed for possible impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of a ~~cash generating~~cash-generating unit exceeds the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Value in use is the estimated net present value of future cash flows to be derived from the ~~cash generating~~cash-generating unit.

Gains and losses on disposals of property, plant and equipment are determined by reference to their carrying amounts and are recorded in ~~the~~ profit or loss.

Interest and other costs on borrowings to finance the construction of property, plant and equipment, including oil and gas properties (Note 3(g)), are capitalized during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use. Costs for repairs and maintenance activities are expensed as incurred except for costs of components that result in improvements or betterments which are capitalized as part of property, plant and equipment and depreciated over their useful lives.

(g) Oil and gas properties

The successful efforts method of accounting is used for oil and gas exploration and production activities. Under this method, all costs for development wells, support equipment and facilities, and proved mineral interests in oil and gas properties are capitalized. Geological and geophysical costs are expensed when incurred. Costs of exploratory wells are capitalized pending determination of whether the wells find proved oil and gas reserves. Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil and natural gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

~~of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible~~ from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulation before the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether the estimate is a deterministic estimate or probabilistic estimate. Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the12-month period before the ending date of the period covered by the proved oil and gas reserve report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of thefirst-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions. The costs shall be that prevailing at the end of the period.

Exploratory wells in areas not requiring major capital expenditures are evaluated for economic viability within one year of completion of drilling. The related well costs are expensed as dry holes if it is determined that such economic viability is not attained. Otherwise, the related well costs are reclassified to oil and gas properties and are subject to impairment review (Note 3(f)). For exploratory wells that are found to have economically viable reserves in areas where major capital expenditure will be required before production can commence, the related well costs remain capitalized only if additional drilling is underway or firmly planned. Otherwise the related well costs are expensed as dry holes. The Group does not have any significant costs of unproved properties capitalized in oil and gas properties.

The Ministry of Natural Resources in China issues production licenses to applicants on the basis of the reserve reports approved by relevant authorities.

The cost of oil and gas properties is amortized at the field level based on the units of production method. Units of production rates are based on oil and gas reserves estimated to be recoverable from existing facilities based on the current terms of the Group’s production licenses.

(h) Intangible assets and goodwill

Expenditures on acquired patents, trademarks, technicalknow-how and licenses are capitalized at historical cost and amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets are not subsequently revalued. The carrying amount of each intangible asset is reviewed ~~annually~~ and adjusted for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its recoverable amount and is recognized in profit or loss. The recoverable amount is measured as the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. Value in use is the estimated net present value of future cash flows to be derived from the asset.

Goodwill arises on the acquisition of subsidiaries and represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the ~~interest in~~ net fair value of ~~the net~~ identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree and the amount of anynon-controlling interests in the acquiree.

Goodwill impairment reviews are undertaken annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate a potential impairment. ~~The~~An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying ~~value~~amount of the cash-generating unit containing goodwill ~~is compared~~exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the ~~recoverable amount, which is~~cash-generating unit, and then to reduce the ~~higher~~carrying amounts of ~~value~~the other assets in ~~use and~~ the ~~fair value less costs to sell.~~cash-generating unit on a pro rata basis. Any impairment is recognized immediately as an expense and is not subsequently reversed.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(i) Financial instruments

(a) Recognition and initial measurement

Accounts receivable and debt securities issued are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognized when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset (unless it is aan accounts receivable without a significant financing component) or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at Fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. An accounts receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.

(b) Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial assets – Policy applicable from January 1, 2018

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at: amortized cost; Fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”) – debt investment; FVOCI – equity investment; or FVTPL.

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Group changes its business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the first reporting period following the change in the business model.

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cashflows; and

its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Group may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). This election is made on aninvestment-by-investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets.

The Group makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

For the purposes of this assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, ~~‘principal’~~“principal” is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. ~~‘Interest’~~“Interest” is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and costs (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as a profit margin.

In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Group considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition.

Detailed accounting policies for subsequent measurement of financial assets are set out below:


Financial assets at FVTPL		These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.

Financial assets at amortized cost		These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in profit or loss.

Debt investments at FVOCI		These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to profit or loss.

Equity investments at FVOCI		These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognized as income in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI and are never reclassified to profit or loss.

Financial assets – Policy applicable before January 1, 2018

Financial assets are classified into the following categories: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss,held-to-maturity investments, loans and receivables andavailable-for-sale financial assets. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition. The Group has principally loans and receivables andavailable-for-sale financial assets and limited financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

Loans and receivables arenon-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for those with maturities greater than 12 months after the date of the statement of financial position, which are classified asnon-current assets.

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

Available-for-sale financial assets arenon-derivatives that are either designated in this category or not classified in any of the other categories; these are included innon-current assets unless management intends to dispose of the investment within 12 months of the date of the statement of financial position.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial assets held for trading. A financial asset is classified in this category if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short-term. Derivatives are also categorized as held for trading unless they are designated as hedges. Assets in this category are classified as current assets if expected to be settled within 12 months; otherwise, they are classified asnon-current.

Regular purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on the trade-date, the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Investments are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognized at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in profit or loss.

Available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value except where there are no quoted market prices in active markets and the fair values cannot be reliably measured using valuation techniques.Available-for-sale financial assets that do not have quoted market prices in active markets and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured are carried at cost. Changes in the fair value of monetary andnon-monetary securities classified as available for sale are recognized in OCI. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently carried at fair value. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of the “financial assets at fair value through profit or loss” category are presented in the statement of comprehensive income within “other income, net” in the period in which they arise.

(c) Derecognition

Financial assets

The Group derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset.

The Group enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized in its consolidated statement of financial position, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets. In these cases, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

Financial liabilities

The Group derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or ~~canceled,~~cancelled, or expire. The Group also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value.

On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid (including anynon-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognized in profit or loss.

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

(d) Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the consolidated statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(j) Impairment for financial assets

Policy applicable from January 1, 2018

The Group recognizes loss allowances for expected credit losses (“ECLs”) on:

financial assets measured at amortized cost;

debt investments measured at FVOCI; and

contract assets.

The Group measures loss allowances at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs, except for the financial assets for which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default occurring over the expected life of the financial instrument) has not increased significantly since initial recognition, which are measured as12-month ECLs. When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating ECLs, the Group considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort.

Loss allowances for accounts receivable are always measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs. The maximum period considered when estimating ECLs is the maximum contractual period over which the Group is exposed to credit risk.

ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the ~~entity~~Group in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Group expects to receive). ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset.

At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt securities at FVOCI are credit-impaired. A financial asset is ‘credit-impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets. Impairment losses on trade and other receivables are presented under ‘Selling, general and administrative ~~expenses ’,~~expenses’, similar to the presentation under IAS ~~39, and not presented separately in the statement of profit or loss and OCI due to materiality considerations.~~39.

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off when the Group has no reasonable expectations of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. For customers, the Group individually makes an assessment with respect to the timing and amount ofwrite-off based on whether there is a reasonable expectation of recovery. The Group expects no significant recovery from the amount written off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Group’s procedures for recovery of amounts due.

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

Policy applicable before January 1, 2018

The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset is impaired. The amount of the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of theavailable-for-sale financial asset and the present value of the estimated cash flows. For accounts receivable, the provision of impairment is established if there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect amount due according to the original terms of the receivables. The factors the Group considers when assessing whether an accounts receivable is impaired include but are not limited to significant financial

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

difficulties of the customer, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization and default or delinquency in payments. The amount of the provision is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate.

(k) Leases

The Group has applied IFRS 16“Lease” (“IFRS 16”) using the modified retrospective approach and therefore the comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under IAS 17“Lease” (“IAS 17”) and IFRIC 4“Determining Whether an Arrangement Contains a Lease” (“IFRIC 4”). The details of accounting policies under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4 are disclosed separately.

Policy applicable from January 1, 2019

At inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Group uses the definition of a lease in IFRS 16. Payments made to the Ministry of Natural Resources to secure land use rights (excluding mineral properties) are treated as leases.

This policy is applied to contracts entered into, on or after January 1, 2019.

(a) As a lessee

At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone prices.

The Group recognizes aright-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. Theright-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

Theright-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or the cost of theright-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option. In that case theright-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, theright-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

fixed payments, includingin-substance fixed payments;

variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and

the exercise price under a purchase option that the Group is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Group is reasonably certain not to terminate early.

The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Group’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if the Group changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revisedin-substance fixed lease payment.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of theright-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of theright-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

The Group presentright-of-use assets and lease liabilities separately in the statement of financial position.

The Group has elected not to recognizeright-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases oflow-value assets and short-term leases. The Group recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(b) As a lessor

At inception or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of their relative stand-alone prices.

When the Group acts as a lessor, it determines at lease inception whether each lease is a finance lease or an operating lease.

To classify each lease, the Group makes an overall assessment of whether the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset. If this is the case, then the lease is a finance lease; if not, then it is an operating lease. As part of this assessment, the Group considers certain indicators such as whether the lease is for the major part of the economic life of the asset. There are no significant finance lease for the Group.

If an arrangement contains lease andnon-lease components, then the Group applies IFRS 15 to allocate the consideration in the contract.

The Group recognizes lease payments received under operating leases as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term as part of “other revenue”.

Generally, the accounting policies applicable to the Group as a lessor in the comparative period were not different from IFRS 16 except for the classification of thesub-lease entered into during current reporting period that resulted in a finance lease classification.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Policy applicable before January 1, 2019

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Group assumes substantially all the benefits and risks of ownership are classified as finance leases. The Group has no significant finance leases.

Leases of assets under which a significant portion of the risks and benefits of ownership are effectively retained by the lessors are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessors) are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Payments made to the Ministry of Natural Resources to secure land use rights (excluding mineral properties) are treated as operating leases. Land use rights are generally obtained through advancelump-sum payments and the terms of use range up to 50 years.

(l) Inventories

Inventories include oil products, chemical products and materials and supplies which are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is primarily determined by the weighted average cost method. The cost of finished goods comprises raw materials, direct labor, other direct costs and related production overheads, but excludes borrowing costs. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the cost of completion and ~~selling expenses.~~directly attributable marketing and distribution costs.

(m) Contract costs

Contract costs are either the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer or the costs to ~~fulfill~~fulfil a contract with a customer which are not capitalized as inventory (Note 3(l)), property, plant and equipment (Note 3(f)), oil and gas properties (Note 3(g)) or intangible assets (Note 3(h)).

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that the Group incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained. Incremental costs of obtaining a contract are capitalized when incurred if the costs relate to revenue which will be recognized in a future reporting period and the costs are expected to be recovered, unless the expected amortization period is one year or less from the date of initial recognition of the asset, in which case the costs are expensed when incurred. Other costs of obtaining a contract are expensed when incurred.

Costs to ~~fulfill~~fulfil a contract are capitalized if the costs relate directly to an existing contract or to a specifically identifiable anticipated contract; generate or enhance resources that will be used to provide goods or services in the future; and are expected to be recovered.

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

Capitalized contract costs are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses. Impairment losses are recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the contract cost asset exceeds the net of (i) remaining amount of consideration that the Group expects to receive in exchange for the goods or services to which the asset relates, less (ii) any costs that relate directly to providing those goods or services that have not yet been recognized as expenses.

Amortization of capitalized contract costs is charged to profit or loss when the revenue to which the asset relates is recognized.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(n) Contract assets and contract liabilities

A contract asset is recognized when the Group recognizes revenue before being unconditionally entitled to the consideration under the payment terms set out in the contract. Contract assets are assessed for ECLs in accordance with the policy set out in Note 3(j) and are reclassified to receivables when the right to the consideration has become unconditional (Note 3(o)).

A contract liability is recognized when the customer pays consideration before the Group recognizes the related revenue. A contract liability would also be recognized if the Group has an unconditional right to receive consideration before the Group recognizes the related revenue. In such cases, a corresponding receivable would also be recognized (Note 3(o)).

When the contract includes a significant financing component, the contract balance includes interest accrued under the effective interest method (Note 3(t)).

(o) Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are recognized when the Group has an unconditional right to receive consideration. A right to receive consideration is unconditional if only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due (Note 3(n)).

Receivables are stated at amortized cost using the effective interest method less allowance for credit losses (Note 3(j)).

(p) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand, deposits held with banks and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the time of purchase.

(q) Accounts payable

Accounts payable are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost.

(r) Borrowings

Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. In subsequent periods, borrowings are stated at amortized cost using the effective interest method. ~~Interest expense is recognized in accordance with the Group’s accounting policy for borrowing costs.~~

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

General and specific borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.

All other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has unconditional rights to defer settlements of the liabilities for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(s) Share capital

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares are recognized as a deduction from equity. Income tax relating to transaction costs of an equity transaction is accounted for in accordance with IAS 12 “Income Taxes”.

(t) Interest income and interest expense

Interest income or expense is recognized using the effective interest method.

The ~~‘effective~~“effective interest ~~rate’~~rate” is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to:

the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or

the amortized cost of the financial liability.

In calculating interest income and expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortized cost of the liability. However, for financial assets that have become credit-impaired subsequent to initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset. If the asset is no longer credit-impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis.

(u) Taxation

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

The Group has determined that interest and penalties related to income taxes, including uncertain tax treatments, do not meet the definition of income taxes, and therefore accounted for them under IAS 37 “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”.

(a) Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

to income taxes, if any. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax also includes any tax arising from dividends.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.

(b) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, for temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying values in the financial statements. However, deferred tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the date of the statement of financial position and are expected to apply to the period when the related deferred tax asset is realized or deferred tax liability is ~~settled.~~settled, and reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

The principal temporary differences arise from depreciation on oil and gas properties and equipment and provision for impairment of receivables, inventories, investments and property, plant and equipment. Deferred tax assets relating to the carry forward of unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which ~~the unused tax losses~~they can be ~~utilized.~~used.

(c) Taxes other than income tax

The Group also incurs various other taxes and levies that are not income taxes. “Taxes other than income taxes”, which form part of operating expenses, primarily comprise consumption tax (Note 9), resource tax (Note 9), crude oil special gain levy (Note 9), urban construction tax and education surcharges.

(v) Revenue recognition

Income is classified by the Group as revenue when it arises from the sale of goods, the provision of services in the ordinary course of the Group’s business.

Revenue is recognized when control over a product or service is transferred to the customer at the amount of promised consideration to which the Group is expected to be entitled, excluding those amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Revenue excludes value added tax or other sales taxes and is after deduction of any trade discounts.

Where the contract contains a financing component more than 12 months, interest income is accrued or interest expense is accrued separately under the effective interest method. The Group does not adjust the consideration for any effects of a significant financing component if the period of financing is 12 months or less.

(w) Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Group has present legal or constructive obligations as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligations, and reliable estimates of the amounts can be made.

Provision for future decommissioning and restoration is recognized in full on the installation of oil and gas properties. The amount recognized is the present value of the estimated future expenditure determined in accordance with local conditions and requirements. A corresponding addition to the related oil and gas properties

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

of an amount equivalent to the provision is also created. This is subsequently depreciated as part of the costs of the oil and gas properties. Any change in the present value of the estimated expenditure other than due to passage of time which is regarded as interest expense, is reflected as an adjustment to the provision and oil and gas properties.

Provision for onerous contracts is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before a provision is established, the Group recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

(x) Research and development

Research expenditure incurred is recognized as an expense. Costs incurred on development projects are recognized as intangible assets to the extent that such expenditure is expected to generate future economic benefits.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(y) Retirement benefit plans

The Group contributes to various employee retirement benefit plans ~~organized~~organised by PRC municipal and provincial governments under which it is required to make monthly contributions to these plans at prescribed rates for its employees in China. The relevant PRC municipal and provincial governments undertake to assume the retirement benefit obligations of existing and future retired employees of the Group in China. The Group has similar retirement benefit plans for its employees in its overseas operations. Contributions to these PRC and overseas plans (“defined contribution plan”) are charged to expense as incurred. In addition, the Group joined the corporate annuity plan approved by relevant PRC authorities. Contribution to the annuity plan is charged to expense as incurred. The Group currently has no additional material obligations outstanding for the payment of retirement and other post-retirement benefits of employees in the PRC or overseas other than what described above.

(z) Related parties

~~(a)~~

(a) A person, or a close member of that person’s family, is related to the Group if that person:

(i)

has control or joint control over the Group;

(ii)

has significant influence over the Group; or

(iii)

is a member of the key management personnel of the Group or the Group’s parent.

~~(b)~~

(b) An entity is related to the Group if any of the following conditions applies:

(i)

The entity and the Group are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others).

(ii)

One entity is an associate or joint venture of the other entity (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the other entity is a member).

(iii)

Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party.

(iv)

One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity.

(v)

The entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the Group or an entity related to the Group.

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

(vi)

The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a).

(vii)

A person identified in (a) (i) has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).

(viii)

The entity, or any member of a group of which it is a part, provides key management personnel services to the Group or to the Group’s parent.

Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the entity.

(aa) ~~New~~Changes in significant accounting ~~standards developments~~policies

~~(a)~~(i) New and amended standards adopted by the Group in 2019

The Group initially applied IFRS 16 from January 1, 2019. A number of other new standards are also effective from January 1, 2019 but they do not have a material effect on the Group’s financial statements.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

The Group applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, under which the cumulative effect of initial application is recognized in retained earnings at January 1, 2019. Accordingly, the comparative information presented for 2018 is not restated. The details of the changes in accounting policies are disclosed below. Additionally, the disclosure requirements in IFRS 16 have not generally been applied to comparative information.

(a) Definition of a lease

Previously, the Group determined at contract inception whether an arrangement was or contained a lease under IFRIC 4. The Group now assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease based on the definition of a lease, as explained in Note 3(k).

On transition to IFRS 16, the Group elected to apply the practical expedient to grandfather the assessment of which transactions are leases. The Group applied IFRS 16 only to contracts that were previously identified as leases. Contracts that were not identified as leases under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4 were not reassessed for whether there is a lease under IFRS 16. Therefore, the definition of a lease under IFRS 16 was applied only to contracts entered into or changed on or after January 1, 2019.

(b) As a lessee

As a lessee, the Group leases many assets including land, building and equipment. The Group previously classified leases as operating or finance leases based on its assessment of whether the lease transferred significantly all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset to the Group. Under IFRS 16, the Group recognizesright-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most of these leases.

Previously, the Group classified property leases as operating leases under IAS 17. On transition, for these leases, lease liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted at the Group’s incremental borrowing rate as at January 1, 2019.Right-of-use assets are measured at an amount equal to the lease liability, adjusted by the amount of any prepaid or accrued lease payments: the Group applied this approach to all other leases.

The Group used a number of practical expedients when applying IFRS 16 to leases previously classified as operating leases under IAS 17. In particular, the Group:

did not recognizeright-of-use assets and liabilities for leases for which the lease term ends within 12 months of the date of initial application;

applied a single discount rate to leases with similar characteristics when measuring lease liabilities;

excluded initial direct costs from the measurement of theright-of-use asset at the date of initial application;

used hindsight when determining the lease term;

relied on the previous assessment for onerous contract provisions as at December 31, 2018 as an alternative to performing an impairment review; and

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

no retrospective adjustment shall be made to the lease changes generated before the beginning of the year when the IFRS 16 is initially applied, and accounting treatment shall be carried out based on the IFRS 16 according to the final arrangement of the lease changes.

(c) Impact on transition

When measuring lease liabilities, the Group discounted lease payments using its incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019. The weighted-average rate applied by the Group is 4.275%.


	The Group
The total future minimum lease payments of significant operating leases disclosed in the consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2018		227,935
Present value discounted using the Group’s incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019		166,955
Lease liabilities under new leases standard at January 1, 2019		163,196

Difference between the present value and lease liabilities above^Note		3,759

Note:

The difference principally represents the lease payments that will be matured within 12 months after January 1, 2019 orlow-value.

The impact of adoption new leases standard on the consolidated statement of financial position are summarized as follows:

   The Group
   Before
adjustment^Note    Amount of
adjustment Adjusted
amount
Property, plant and equipment
   1,709,388    (527 ) 1,708,861
Right-of-use assets
   —      240,642 240,642
Advance operating lease payments
   78,240    (76,374 ) 1,866
Prepayments and other current assets
   89,345    (903 ) 88,442


Total assets
      162,838


Lease liabilities (include liabilities due within one year)
   —      163,196 163,196
Other long-term obligations
   16,339    (358 ) 15,981


Total liabilities
      162,838


Note:
The Acquisition of Dalian West Pacific Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (“Dalian West Pacific”) was completed in May 2019, and the Company has adjusted the consolidated financial statements as combination of entities under common control (Note 40).
(ii) New and amended standards adopted by the Group in 2018
The Group has initially adopted IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 from January 1, 2018. A number of other new standards are effective from January 1, 2018 but they do not have a material effect on the Group’s financial statements.
Due to the transition methods chosen by the Group in applying these standards, comparative information throughout these financial statements has not been restated to reflect the requirements of the new standards.

~~(i)~~

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(a) IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with customers”

IFRS 15 establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is recognized. It replaced IAS 18 “Revenue” (“IAS 18”), IAS 11 “Construction Contracts” (“IAS 11”) and related interpretations. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of the goods or services. Determing the timing of the transfer of contract – at point time or over time – requires judgment.

The Group has adopted IFRS 15 using the cumulative effect method (without practical expedients), with the effect of initially applying this standard recognized at the date of initial application (i.e. January 1, 2018). Accordingly, the information presented for 2017 has not been restated – i.e. it is presented, as previously reported, under IAS 18, IAS 11 and related interpretations.

The impacts of adopting IFRS 15 on the Group’s statement of financial position as at December 31, 2018 was that the advances from customers for transfer of goods (or rendering of services) is transferred out from “Advances from customers” as previously included in “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities” to “Contract liabilities”. There was no material impact on the Group’s statement of comprehensive income and statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018.

~~(ii)~~(b) IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”

IFRS 9 sets out requirements for recognizing and measuring financial assets, financial liabilities and some contracts to buy or sellnon-financial items. This standard replaces IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement” (“IAS 39”).

~~Expected impacts~~Impacts of the new requirements on the Group’s financial statements are as follow:

Classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities

The classification of financial assets under IFRS 9 is generally based on the business model in which a financial asset is managed and its contractual cash flow characteristics. IFRS 9 eliminates the previous IAS 39

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

categories of held to maturity, loans and receivables and available for sale. IFRS 9 largely retains the existing requirements in IAS 39 for the classification and measurement of financial liabilities.

As for the classification and measurement of financial instruments, financial assets used to be carried at amortized costs and those at FVTPL shall continue to maintain their existing classification and measurement methods after adopting IFRS 9. As for thenon-trading equity instrument investments used to be classified as“Available-for-sale financial assets”, the Group chooses to irrevocably designate them as carried at FVOCI (not to be carried forward into current profit or loss in the future).

Impairment of financial assets

IFRS 9 replaces the ‘incurred loss’ model in IAS 39 with an ‘expected credit loss’ model. The new impairment model applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, debt investments at FVOCI and contract assets.

Subject to the new standards on financial instruments, the Group has made an assessment on the gap between the original carrying amount and the carrying amount at the date of adoption of the new standards. The adoption of the new standard exerts no material impact on the retained earnings and other comprehensive income as at January 1, 2018.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Transition

Changes in accounting policies resulting from the adoption of IFRS 9 have been applied retrospectively, except the Group has used an exemption not to restate comparative information for prior periods with respect to classification and measurement (including impairment) requirements. There is no differences in the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities resulting from the adoption of IFRS 9 are recognized in retained earnings and reserves as at January 1, 2018.

~~(b)~~

~~Standards issued but not yet effective~~

A number of new standards are effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2018 and earlier application is permitted; however, the Group has not early adopted the new or amended standards in preparing these consolidated financial statements.

~~Of those standards that are not yet effective, IFRS 16 is expected to have a material impact on the Group’s financial statements in the period of initial application.~~

~~(i) IFRS 16 “Leases”~~

The Group is required to adopt IFRS 16 Leases from January 1, 2019. The Group has assessed the estimated impact that initial application of IFRS 16 will have on its consolidated financial statements, as described below. The actual impacts of adopting the standard on January 1, 2019 may change because:

~~the Group has not finalized the testing and assessment of controls over its new IT systems; and~~

~~the new accounting policies are subject to change until the Group presents its first financial statements that include the date of initial application.~~

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

~~IFRS 16 introduces a single,on-balance~~ ~~lease sheet accounting model for lessees. A lessee recognizes aright-of-use~~ ~~asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. There are recognition exemptions for short-term leases and leases oflow-value~~ ~~items.~~

~~IFRS 16 replaces existing leases guidance including IAS 17 “Leases”, IFRIC 4 “Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease”,SIC-15~~ ~~“Operating Leases – Incentives” andSIC-27~~ ~~“Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease”.~~

~~Leases in which the Group is a lessee~~

The Group will recognize new assets and liabilities for its operating leases of land, buildings and equipment. The nature of expenses related to those leases will now change because the Group will recognize a depreciation charge for~~right-of-use~~ ~~assets and interest expense on lease liabilities.~~

Previously, the Group recognized operating lease expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, and recognized assets and liabilities only to the extent that there was a timing difference between actual lease payments and the expense recognized.

In addition, the Group will no longer recognize provisions for operating leases that it assesses to be onerous as described in Note 3(w). Instead, the Group will include the payments due under the lease in its lease liability.

~~No significant impact is expected for the Group’s finance leases.~~

~~Based on the information currently available, the Group estimates that it will recognize additional lease liabilities of at least RMB 100,000 as at January 1, 2019.~~

~~Transition~~

The Group plans to apply IFRS 16 initially on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Therefore, the cumulative effect of adopting IFRS 16 will be recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at January 1, 2019, with no restatement of comparative information.

The Group plans to apply the practical expedient to grandfather the definition of a lease on transition. This means that it will apply IFRS 16 to all contracts entered into before January 1, 2019 and identified as leases in accordance with IAS 17 and IFRIC 4.

4	FINANCIAL RISK AND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

4.1 Financial risk factors

The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks, including market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk.

(a) Market risk

Market risk is the possibility that changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and the prices of oil and gas products will adversely affect the value of assets, liabilities and expected future cash flows.

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

(i) Foreign exchange risk

The Group conducts its domestic business primarily in RMB, but maintains a portion of its assets in other currencies to pay for imported crude oil, imported equipment and other materials and to meet foreign currency financial liabilities. The Group is exposed to currency risks arising from fluctuations in various foreign currency exchange rates against the RMB. The RMB is not a freely convertible currency and is regulated by the PRC government. Limitations on foreign exchange transactions imposed by the PRC government could cause future exchange rates to vary significantly from current or historical exchange rates.

Additionally, the Group operates internationally and foreign exchange risk arises from future acquisitions and commercial transactions, recognized assets and liabilities and net investments in foreign operations. Certain entities in the Group might use currency derivatives to manage such foreign exchange risk.

(ii) Interest rate risk

The Group has no significant interest rate risk on interest-bearing assets. The Group’s exposure to interest rate risk arises from its borrowings. The Group’s borrowings at floating rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk and its borrowings at fixed rates expose the Group to fair value interest rate risk. However, the exposure to interest rate risk is not material to the Group. A detailed analysis of the Group’s borrowings, together with their respective interest rates and maturity dates, is included in Note ~~29.~~28.

(iii) Price risk

The Group is engaged in a wide range of oil and gas products-related activities. Prices of oil and gas products are affected by a wide range of global and domestic factors which are beyond the control of the Group. The fluctuations in such prices may have favorable or unfavorable impacts on the Group.

The Group uses derivative financial instruments, including commodity futures, commodity swaps and commodity options, to hedge some price risks efficiently.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(b) Credit risk

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, time deposits with banks and credit exposure to customers with outstanding receivable balances.

A substantial portion of the Group’s cash at bank and time deposits are placed with the major state-owned banks and financial institutions in China and management believes that the credit risk is low.

The Group performs ongoing assessment of the credit quality of its customers and sets appropriate credit limits taking into account the financial position and past history of defaults of customers. The aging analysis of accounts receivable (net of impairment of accounts receivable) is presented in Note ~~23.~~22. The Group measures loss allowance for accounts receivable at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs. The ECLs were calculated based on historical actual credit loss experience. The rates were considered the differences between economic conditions during the period over which the historical data has been collected, current conditions and the Group’s view of economic conditions over the expected lives of the receivables. The Group performed the calculation of ECL rates by the operating segment and geography.

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

The following table provides information about the exposure to credit risk and ECLs for accounts receivable as at December 31, 2019 and 2018.


	Gross carrying amount		Impairment provision on individual basis		Impairment provision on provision matrix basis					Loss allowance		Gross carrying amount		Impairment provision on individual basis		Impairment provision on provision matrix basis					Loss allowance
	Gross carrying amount		Impairment provision on individual basis		Weighted - average loss rate			Impairment provision		Loss allowance		Gross carrying amount		Impairment provision on individual basis		Weighted- average loss rate			Impairment provision		Loss allowance
	RMB		RMB		%			RMB		RMB
December 31, 2019												RMB		RMB		%			RMB		RMB
Current (not past due)		55,957		50		0.1	%		80		130		58,382		3		0.1	%		30		33
Within 1 year past due		2,067		80		0.5	%		9		89		5,534		11		0.4	%		24		35
1 to 2 years past due		496		52		7.4	%		33		85		127		24		10.7	%		11		35
2 to 3 years past due		723		547		35.2	%		62		609		411		48		45.5	%		165		213
Over 3 years past due		3,317		2,830		63.7	%		310		3,140		2,161		1,719		89.6	%		396		2,115

Total		62,560		3,559					494		4,053		66,615		1,805					626		2,431

   Gross
carrying
amount    Impairment
provision on
individual
basis    Impairment provision on
provision matrix basis    Loss
allowance
   Weighted-
average
loss rate Impairment
provision
December 31, 2018
   RMB    RMB    % RMB    RMB
Current (not past due)
   55,957    50    0.1 % 80    130
Within 1 year past due
   3,082    80    0.3 % 9    89
1 to 2 years past due
   496    52    7.4 % 33    85
2 to 3 years past due
   723    547    35.2 % 62    609
Over 3 years past due
   3,317    2,830    63.7 % 310    3,140








Total
   63,575    3,559    494    4,053








The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, time deposits placed with banks, accounts receivable, other receivables and notes receivable included in the consolidated statement of financial position represent the Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk. No other financial assets carry a significant exposure to credit risk.
The Group has no significant concentration of credit risk.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(c) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities.

In managing its liquidity risk, the Group has access to funding at market rates through equity and debt markets, including using undrawn committed borrowing facilities to meet foreseeable borrowing requirements.

Given the low level of gearing and continued access to funding, the Group believes that its liquidity risk is not material.

Analysis of the Group’s borrowings and lease liabilities based on the remaining period at the date of the statement of financial position to the contractual maturity dates is presented in Note ~~29.~~28 and Note 41.

4.2 Capital management

The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern, optimize returns for owners and to minimize its cost of capital. In meeting its objectives of managing capital, the Group may issue new shares, adjust its debt levels or the mix between short-term and long-term borrowings.

The Group monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio which is calculated as interest-bearing borrowings / (interest-bearing borrowings + total equity)., interest-bearing borrowings include short-term and long-term borrowings. The gearing ratio at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 is ~~22.4%~~24.4% (December 31, ~~2017: 25.2%~~2018: 22.7%).

4.3 Fair value estimation

The methods and assumptions applied in determining the fair value of each class of financial assets and financial liabilities of the Group at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018 are disclosed in the respective accounting policies.

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

The carrying amounts of the following financial assets and financial liabilities approximate their fair value as all of them are short-term in nature: cash and cash equivalents, time deposits with maturities over three months but within one year, accounts receivable, other receivables, ~~notes receivable,~~ trade payables, other payables and short-term borrowings. The fair values of fixed rate long-term borrowings are likely to be different from their respective carrying amounts. Analysis of the fair values and carrying amounts of long-term borrowings is presented in Note ~~29.~~28.

The equity investments that are not held for trading and notes receivable are measured at fair value at the end of the reporting period. The fair value of such equity investments are mainly categorized into level 1 of the fair value hierarchy which are based on the unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as inputs used in the valuation techniques. Notes receivable are short-term bills of acceptance issued by banks, their fair values approximate the face values of the bills.

5	CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS

Estimates and judgments are regularly evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

The matters described below are considered to be the most critical in understanding the estimates and judgments that are involved in preparing the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

(a) Estimation of oil and gas reserves

Estimates of oil and natural gas reserves are key elements in the Group’s investment decision-making process. They are also an important element in testing for impairment. Changes in proved oil and gas reserves, particularly proved developed reserves, will affectunit-of-production depreciation, depletion and amortization recorded in the Group’s consolidated financial statements for property, plant and equipment related to oil and gas production activities. A reduction in proved developed reserves will increase depreciation, depletion and amortization charges. Proved oil and gas reserves estimates are subject to revision, either upward or downward, based on new information, such as from development drilling and production activities or from changes in economic factors, including product prices, contract terms, evolution of technology or development plans, etc.

(b) Estimation of impairment of property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment, including oil and gas properties, are reviewed for possible impairments when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Determination as to whether and how much an asset is impaired involves management estimates and judgments such as the future price of crude oil, natural gas, refined and chemical products, the operation costs, the product mix, production volumes, production profile and the oil and gas reserves. ~~However, the~~The impairment reviews and calculations are based on assumptions that are consistent with the Group’s business plans taking into account current economic conditions. Favorable changes to some assumptions, ~~or not updating assumptions previously made,~~ may allow the Group to avoid the need to impair any assets or make it necessary to reverse an impairment loss recognized in prior periods, whereas unfavorable changes may cause the assets to become impaired. For example, when the assumed future selling price, production cost and production ~~volume~~profile of crude oil and natural gas used for the expected future cash flows are different from the actual selling price, production cost and production ~~volume~~profile of crude oil and natural gas respectively experienced in future, the Group may either over or under recognize the impairment losses for certain assets.

(c) Estimation of impairment of goodwill

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~The recoverable amount cash-generating unit containing goodwill is the greater of its value in use and the fair value less costs to sell. It is difficult to precisely estimate selling price of the Group’s long-lived assets because quoted market prices for such assets may not be readily available. In determining the value in use, expected future cash flows generated by the assets are discounted to their present value, which requires significant judgment relating to forecast sales volume, selling price and operating costs, and discount rate. Management uses all readily available information in determining an amount that is a reasonable approximation of recoverable amount, including estimates based on reasonable and supportable assumptions. Changes to key assumptions can significantly affect the result of the impairment assessment of goodwill.

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

~~(c)~~(d) Estimation of asset retirement obligations

Provision is recognized for the future decommissioning and restoration of oil and gas properties. The amount of the provision recognized is the present values of the estimated future expenditures. The estimation of the future expenditures is based on current local conditions and requirements, including legal requirements, technology, price levels, etc. In addition to these factors, the present values of these estimated future expenditures are also impacted by the estimation of the economic lives of oil and gas properties and estimates of discount rates. Changes in any of these estimates will impact the operating results and the financial position of the Group over the remaining economic lives of the oil and gas properties.

~~(d)~~

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(e) Deferred tax assets

According to the requirements of the competent tax authority, the Company paid income taxes of its branches in the ~~eastern~~Eastern and ~~western regions~~Western China Regions in aggregate. The tax losses recorded by the branches in the ~~eastern region~~Eastern China Region has given rise to deferred tax assets, which ~~may~~are expected to be recoverable from future taxable profits generated by the branches in the ~~eastern region.~~Eastern China Region. Any policy adjustments may increase or decrease the amount of income tax expenses of the Company.

REVENUE

Revenue ~~mainly~~ represents revenues from the sale of crude oil, natural gas, refined products and chemical ~~products.~~products and from the transmission of crude oil, refined products and natural gas. The revenue information for the ~~year~~years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 isare as follows:


Type of Category	Exploration and Production			Refining and Chemicals			Marketing			Natural Gas and Pipeline			Head Office and Other			Total
2019 Type of contract																			Exploration and Production			Refining and Chemicals			Marketing			Natural Gas and Pipeline			Head Office and Other			Total
Type of goods and services
Crude oil		477,512			—			440,560			—			—			918,072			476,974			—			605,541			—			—			1,082,515
Natural gas		104,927			—			222,387			256,810			—			584,124			110,837			—			238,999			291,641			—			641,477
Refined products		21,276			702,572			1,315,959			—			—			2,039,807			—			738,116			1,268,889			—			—			2,007,005
Chemical products		—			164,229			—			—			—			164,229			—			157,044			28,348			—			—			185,392
Pipeline transportation business		—			—			—			70,068			—			70,068			—			—			—			70,568			—			70,568
Non-oil sales in gas stations		—			—			22,274			—			—			22,274			—			—			21,146			—			—			21,146
Others		54,768			7,153			1,722			35,545			2,372			101,560			88,284			7,312			2,239			28,341			3,684			129,860
Intersegment elimination		(539,295	)		(692,660	)		(280,639	)		(34,156	)		(606	)		(1,547,356	)		(552,672	)		(712,178	)		(315,157	)		(40,652	)		(1,644	)		(1,622,303	)

Revenue from contracts with customers		119,188			181,294			1,722,263			328,267			1,766			2,352,778			123,423			190,294			1,850,005			349,898			2,040			2,515,660

Other revenue																	810																		1,150

Total																	2,353,588																		2,516,810

Geographical Region
Mainland China		41,791			181,294			963,061			328,267			1,766			1,516,179			41,596			190,294			891,731			349,898			2,040			1,475,559
Others		77,397			—			759,202			—			—			836,599			81,827			—			958,274			—			—			1,040,101

Revenue from contracts with customers		119,188			181,294			1,722,263			328,267			1,766			2,352,778			123,423			190,294			1,850,005			349,898			2,040			2,515,660

Other revenue																	810																		1,150

Total																	2,353,588																		2,516,810

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

2018
Type of contract
   Exploration
and
Production Refining
and
Chemicals Marketing Natural Gas
and Pipeline Head
Office and
Other Total
Type of goods and services

Crude oil
   477,512 —   440,560 —   —   918,072
Natural gas
   104,927 —   222,387 256,810 —   584,124
Refined products
   —   739,532 1,285,065 —   —   2,024,597
Chemical products
   —   164,229 30,894 —   —   195,123
Pipeline transportation business
   —   —   —   70,068 —   70,068
Non-oil sales in gas stations
   —   —   22,274 —   —   22,274
Others
   76,044 7,292 1,722 35,545 2,372 122,975
Intersegment elimination
   (539,295 ) (706,559 ) (280,750 ) (35,899 ) (606 ) (1,563,109 )


Revenue from contracts with customers
   119,188 204,494 1,722,152 326,524 1,766 2,374,124


Other revenue
   810


Total
   2,374,934


Geographical Region

Mainland China
   41,791 204,494 962,950 326,524 1,766 1,537,525
Others
   77,397 —   759,202 —   —   836,599


Revenue from contracts with customers
   119,188 204,494 1,722,152 326,524 1,766 2,374,124


Other revenue
   810


Total
   2,374,934

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

7	PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE


	2018		2017		2016		2019		2018		2017
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Items credited and charged in arriving at the profit before income tax expense include:

Credited
Dividend income from financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income		52		—		—
Dividend income from equity investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income								22		52		—
Dividend income fromavailable-for-sale financial assets		—		42		60		—		—		42
Reversal of provision for impairment of receivables		1,370		37		62		1,630		1,370		37
Reversal of write down in inventories		77		49		75		201		77		49
Government grants⁽ⁱ⁾		11,774		9,102		8,509		12,281		11,775		9,106
Gain on disposal of investment in subsidiaries		45		613		24,674		49		45		613

Charged
Amortization of intangible and other assets		4,894		4,495		4,896		4,992		4,897		4,495
Auditors’ remuneration⁽ⁱⁱ⁾		53		53		53
Depreciation and impairment losses:
Owned property, plant and equipment								205,297		222,195		228,227
Right-of-use assets⁽ⁱⁱ⁾								14,973		—		—
Auditors’ remuneration⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾								53		53		53
Cost of inventories recognized as expense		1,805,656		1,560,361		1,217,131		1,981,628		1,820,838		1,569,916
Provision for impairment of receivables		1,385		3,291		1,671		263		1,385		3,291
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment		16,759		4,939		7,972		9,809		16,761		4,963
Operating lease expenses		20,180		20,073		19,027
Total minimum lease payments for leases previously classified as operating lease under IAS 17⁽ⁱⁱ⁾								—		20,196		20,089
Variable lease payments,low-value and short-term lease payment not included in the measurement of lease liabilities								3,514		—		—
Research and development expenses		14,093		12,323		11,227		15,666		14,093		12,323
Write down in inventories		4,155		1,118		2,709		1,461		4,307		1,118

(i)

Comprises proportionate refund of import value-added tax relating to the import of natural gas (including liquefied natural gas) provided by the PRC government and value-added tax refund upon levy for pipeline transportation service over which portion of value-added tax actual tax burden exceeds 3%. This value-added tax refund is applicable from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020 and available when the import prices of the natural gas and liquefied natural gas imported under any State-sanctioned pipelines are higher than their prescribed selling prices.

(ii)

The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 under the modified retrospective approach and adjusted the opening balances at January 1, 2019 to recognizeright-of-use assets relating to leases which were previously classified as operating leases under IAS 17. The depreciated carrying amount of the finance lease assets which were previously included in property, plant and equipment is also identified as aright-of-use asset. After initial recognition ofright-of-use assets at January 1, 2019, the Group as a lessee is required to recognize the depreciation ofright-of-use assets, instead of recognizing rental expenses incurred under operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term according to the previous policy. Under this approach, the comparative information is not restated.

(iii)

The auditors’ remuneration above represents the annual audit fees paid by the Company. This remuneration does not include fees of RMB 60 (2018: RMB 52, 2017: RMB 52) paid by subsidiaries to the Company’s current auditor and its network firms which primarily relates to audit, tax compliance and other advisory ~~services (2017: RMB 52, 2016: RMB 66).~~services.

8	~~EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION COSTS~~

   2018    2017    2016
   RMB    RMB    RMB
Wages, salaries and allowances
   95,492    82,639    75,461
Social security costs
   48,535    42,745    42,201






   144,027    125,384    117,662






Social security costs mainly represent contributions to plans for staff welfare organized by the PRC municipal and provincial governments and others including contributions to the retirement benefit plans (Note 34).

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

8	EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION COSTS

   2019    2018    2017
   RMB    RMB    RMB
Wages, salaries and allowances
   101,815    95,761    82,835
Social security costs
   52,503    48,630    42,868






   154,318    144,391    125,703






Social security costs mainly represent contributions to plans for staff welfare organized by the PRC municipal and provincial governments and others including contributions to the retirement benefit plans (Note 33).
9
TAXES OTHER THAN INCOME TAXES

   2018    2017    2016    2019    2018    2017
   RMB    RMB    RMB    RMB    RMB    RMB
Consumption tax
   149,455    142,708    140,268    164,973    152,494    144,973
Resource tax
   24,339    18,000    14,472    24,388    24,339    18,000
Crude oil special gain levy
   4,750    —      —      771    4,750    —
Other
   38,723    37,314    34,868    38,304    39,094    37,731












   217,267    198,022    189,608    228,436    220,677    200,704












10
INTEREST EXPENSE

   2018 2017 2016    2019 2018 2017
   RMB RMB RMB    RMB RMB RMB
Interest on

Interest on:

Bank loans
   2,044 1,569 891    3,094 2,134 1,684
Other loans
   16,037 17,394 19,910    15,476 16,313 17,712
Accretion expense (Note 33)
   5,678 5,453 5,126
Lease liabilities
   7,476 —   —
Accretion expense (Note 32)
   5,525 5,678 5,453
Less: Amounts capitalized
   (1,407 ) (2,008 ) (2,579 )    (1,162 ) (1,407 ) (2,008 )




   22,352 22,408 23,348    30,409 22,718 22,841




Amounts capitalized are borrowing costs that are attributable to the construction of a qualifying asset. The average interest rate used to capitalize such general borrowing cost was 4.28% per annum for the year ended December 31, ~~2018 (2017:~~2019 (2018: 4.28% per annum, ~~2016:~~2017: 4.28% per annum).

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

11	11 EMOLUMENTS OF DIRECTORS AND SUPERVISORS

Details of the emoluments of directors and supervisors for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017 are as follows:

2018 2017 2016
Name
Fee for
directors
and
supervisors Salaries,
allowances
and other
benefits Contribution
to retirement
benefit
scheme Total Total Total
RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000
Chairman:

Mr. Wang Yilin
—   —   —   —   —   —
Vice chairmen:

Mr. Zhang Jianhua⁽ⁱ⁾
—   553 80 633 —   —
Mr. Wang Dongjin⁽ⁱⁱ⁾
—   373 36 409 823 774
Executive directors:

Mr. Zhao Zhengzhang⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾
—   —   —   —   159 759
Mr. Hou Qijun⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾
—   740 148 888 648 —
Non-executive directors:

Mr. Yu Baocai^(iv)
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Shen Diancheng^(vi)
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Liu Yuezhen
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Liu Hongbin^(v)
—   —   —   —   —   679
Mr. Duan Liangwei^(vi)
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Qin Weizhong^(vi)
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Chen Zhiwu^(vii)
—   —   —   —   —   234
Mr. Richard H. Matzke^(vii)
—   —   —   —   —   241
Mr. Lin Boqiang
365 —   —   365 250 281
Mr. Zhang Biyi
399 —   —   399 250 278
Ms. Elsie LeungOi-sie^(vii)
334 —   —   334 220 —
Mr. Tokuchi Tatsuhito^(vii)
334 —   —   334 226 —
Mr. Simon Henry^(vii)
340 —   —   340 213 —

1,772 —   —   1,772 1,159 1,713

Supervisors:

Mr. Xu Wenrong^(viii)
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Guo Jinping^(viii)
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Zhang Fengshan
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Li Qingyi^(viii)
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Jia Yimin^(viii)
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Jiang Lifu
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Lu Yaozhong^(viii)
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Wang Liang^(x)
—   —   —   —   —   —
Mr. Yao Wei^(ix)
—   —   —   —   —   469
Mr. Liu Hehe^(ix)
—   —   —   —   —   352
Mr. Yang Hua^(viii)
—   —   —   —   250 862
Mr. Fu Suotang^(viii)
—   877 90 967 571 —
Mr. Li Jiamin
—   778 72 850 810 707
Mr. Liu Xianhua^(ix)
—   675 68 743 733 528
Mr. Li Wendong^(ix)
—   847 113 960 884 670

—   3,177 343 3,520 3,248 3,588

1,772 4,843 607 7,222 6,037 6,834

   2019    2018    2017
Name
   Fee for
directors
and
supervisors    Salaries,
allowances
and other
benefits    Contribution
to retirement
benefit
scheme    Total    Total    Total
   RMB’000    RMB’000    RMB’000    RMB’000    RMB’000    RMB’000
Chairmen:

Mr. Dai Houliang⁽ⁱ⁾
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Wang Yilin⁽ⁱ⁾
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Vice chairmen:

Mr. Zhang Wei⁽ⁱⁱ⁾
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Zhang Jianhua⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾
   —      —      —      —      633    —
Mr. Wang Dongjin^(iv)
   —      —      —      —      409    823
Executive directors:

Mr. Zhao Zhengzhang^(v)
   —      —      —      —      —      159
Mr. Hou Qijun^(vi)
   —      829    154    983    888    648












   —      829    154    983    1,930    1,630












Non-executive directors:

Mr. Yu Baocai^(vii)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Shen Diancheng^(viii)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Liu Yuezhen
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Liu Hongbin^(ix)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Jiao Fangzheng^(x)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Duan Liangwei^(viii)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Qin Weizhong^(xi)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Chen Zhiwu^(xii)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Richard H. Matzke^(xii)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Lin Boqiang
   386    —      —      386    365    250
Mr. Zhang Biyi
   386    —      —      386    399    250
Ms. Elsie LeungOi-sie^(xii)
   319    —      —      319    334    220
Mr. Tokuchi Tatsuhito^(xii)
   351    —      —      351    334    226
Mr. Simon Henry^(xii)
   340    —      —      340    340    213












   1,782    —      —      1,782    1,772    1,159












Supervisors:

Mr. Xu Wenrong^(xiii)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Guo Jinping^(xiii)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Zhang Fengshan
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Li Qingyi^(xiii)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Jia Yimin^(xiii)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Jiang Lifu
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Lu Yaozhong^(xiii)
   —      —      —      —      —      —

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

   2019    2018    2017
Name
   Fee for
directors
and
supervisors    Salaries,
allowances
and other
benefits    Contribution
to retirement
benefit
scheme    Total    Total    Total
   RMB’000    RMB’000    RMB’000    RMB’000    RMB’000    RMB’000
Mr. Wang Liang^(xiv)
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Yao Wei
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Liu Hehe
   —      —      —      —      —      —
Mr. Yang Hua^(xiii)
   —      —      —      —      —      250
Mr. Fu Suotang^(xiii)
   —      1,070    85    1,155    967    571
Mr. Li Jiamin
   —      906    72    978    850    810
Mr. Liu Xianhua
   —      774    71    845    743    733
Mr. Li Wendong
   —      937    130    1,067    960    884












   —      3,687    358    4,045    3,520    3,248












   1,782    4,516    512    6,810    7,222    6,037












(i)
Mr. ~~Zhang Jianhua~~Dai Houliang was elected as the ~~vice~~ chairman ~~and~~from March 25, 2020. Mr. Wang Yilin ceased being the chairman from January 19, 2020.
(ii)
Mr. Zhang Wei was elected as thenon-executive director and vice chairman from ~~October 28, 2016.~~ June 13, 2019 and ceased being thenon-executive director and vice chairman from December 9, 2019.
(iii)
Mr. Zhang Jianhua was ~~elected~~appointed as ~~the president and~~ executive director and president from June 5, ~~2018. Mr. Zhang Jianhua~~2018 and ceased being the ~~president~~executive director and ~~executive director~~president from November 14, 2018.
~~(ii)~~(iv)
Mr. Wang Dongjin ceased being the ~~president~~executive director and ~~executive director~~president from April 2, 2018.
~~(iii)~~(v)
Mr. Zhao Zhengzhang ceased being the executive director from June 8, 2017.
(vi)
Mr. Hou Qijun was elected as the executive director from June 8, ~~2017. Mr. Hou Qijun was~~2017, elected as the president from March 21, 2019 and ceased being the executive director and president from December 9, 2019.
~~(iv)~~(vii)
Mr. Yu Baocai ceased being thenon-executive director from June 7, 2018.
~~(v)~~
~~Mr. Liu Hongbin ceased being the vice chairman and was transferred from the executive director to thenon-executive~~ ~~director from October 28, 2016, besides, received no emoluments from the Company since the next day.~~
~~(vi)~~(viii)
Mr. Shen Diancheng ceased being thenon-executive director from June 8, 2017. Mr. Duan Liangwei ~~and Mr. Qin Weizhong were~~was elected as thenon-executive directors from June 8, 2017.
(ix)
Mr. Liu Hongbin ceased being thenon-executive director from December 3, 2019.
(x)
Mr. Jiao Fangzheng was elected as thenon-executive director from June 13, 2019.
(xi)
Mr. Qin Weizhong was elected as thenon-executive directors from June 8, 2017 and ceased being thenon-executive director from April 15, 2019.
~~(vii)~~(xii)
Mr. Chen Zhiwu and Mr. Richard H. Matzke ceased being the independentnon-executive directors from June 8, 2017. Ms. Elsie LeungOi-sie, Mr. Tokuchi Tatsuhito and Mr. Simon Henry were elected as the independentnon-executive directors from June 8, 2017.
~~(viii)~~(xiii)
Mr. Xu ~~Wenrong was elected as annon-executive~~ ~~director from May 25, 2016. Mr.Xu~~ Wenrong ceased being thenon-executive director from June 8, 2017. Mr.Xu Wenrong was elected as the Chairman of the Supervisory Committee and Mr. Lu Yaozhong was elected as the supervisor from June 8, 2017. Mr. Guo Jinping, Mr. Li Qingyi and Mr. Jia Yimin ceased being the supervisors from June 8, 2017. Mr. Yang Hua ceased being the staff supervisor from June 8, 2017. Mr. Fu Suotang ~~were~~was elected as the staff supervisor from June 8, 2017.
~~(ix)~~
~~Mr. Li Wendong and Mr. Liu Xianhua were elected as the staff supervisors, besides, Mr. Yao Wei and Mr. Liu Hehe ceased being the staff supervisors from May 17, 2016.~~
~~(x)~~(xiv)
Mr. Wang Liang was elected as the supervisor from October 26, 2017.
~~(xi)~~(xv)
The emoluments above are allpre-tax amounts.
(xvi)
The deferred performance emoluments of RMB 0.33 which the Company paid to the directors attribuatble to the year of 2016 to 2018 in accordance with the relevant regulations of the Chinese Government are not reflected in the 2019 annual remuneration shown above. (2018: RMB 0.17, 2017: RMB nil)

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

None of the directors and supervisors has waived their remuneration during the year ended December 31, ~~2018. (2017:~~2019. (2018: None of the directors and supervisors has waived their ~~remuneration during the year ended December 31, 2017. 2016:~~remuneration. 2017: None of the directors and supervisors has waived their ~~remuneration during~~remuneration)

The five highest paid individuals in the Company for the year ended December 31, ~~2016)~~2019 include three supervisors and one director whose emoluments are reflected in the analysis shown above and the note; and one senior management whose allowances and other benefits was RMB 0.940, and whose contribution to retirement benefit scheme was RMB 0.161.

The five highest paid individuals in the Company for the year ended December 31, 2018 include one supervisor whose ~~emolument was~~emoluments are reflected in the analysis shown above and the note; and four senior managements whose allowances and other benefits were RMB 0.912, RMB 0.899, RMB 0.866 and RMB 0.847, respectively, and whose contribution to retirement benefit scheme were RMB 0.148, RMB 0.148, RMB 0.148 and RMB 0.148, respectively.

The five highest paid individuals in the Company for the year ended December 31, 2017 include two supervisors whose emoluments are reflected in the analysis shown above and the note; and three senior managements whose allowances and other benefits were RMB 0.823, RMB 0.823 and RMB 0.732, respectively, and whose contribution to retirement benefit scheme were RMB 0.127, RMB 0.127 and RMB 0.127, respectively.

~~The five highest paid individuals in the Company for the year ended December 31, 2016 include two supervisors whose emoluments are reflected in the analysis shown above~~During 2019, 2018 and ~~the note; and three senior managements whose allowances and other benefits were RMB 0.783, RMB 0.783 and RMB 0.775, respectively,~~

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

~~and whose contribution to retirement benefit scheme were RMB 0.122, RMB 0.122 and RMB 0.108, respectively.~~

~~During 2018,~~ 2017, ~~and 2016,~~ the Company did not incur any severance payment to any director for loss of office or any payment as inducement to any director to join the Company.

12	INCOME TAX EXPENSE


	2018		2017			2016			2019		2018		2017
	RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB		RMB		RMB
Current taxes		34,983		23,835			19,762			32,714		34,983		23,835
Deferred taxes (Note 32)		7,807		(7,539	)		(3,994	)
Deferred taxes (Note 31)										3,485		7,807		(7,539	)

		42,790		16,296			15,768			36,199		42,790		16,296

In accordance with the relevant PRC income tax rules and regulations, the PRC corporate income tax rate applicable to the Group is principally 25%. ~~Operations~~In accordance with the Circular jointly issued by the MOF, the General Administration of Customs of the ~~Group in western regions in China qualified~~PRC and the SAT on Issues Concerning Tax Policies for ~~certain~~In-depth Implementation of Western Development Strategy (Cai Shui [2011] No.58), the corporate income tax ~~incentives~~for the enterprises engaging in the ~~form of~~encouraged industries in the Western China Region is charged at a preferential corporate income tax rate of 15% ~~through~~from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020. Certain branches and subsidiaries of the ~~year 2020.~~Company in the Western China Region obtained the approval for the use of the preferential corporate income tax rate of 15%.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

The tax on the Group’s profit before taxation differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the corporate income tax rate in the PRC applicable to the Group is as follows:


	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Profit before income tax expense		115,206			53,089			45,140			103,214			116,770			55,691

Tax calculated at a tax rate of 25%		28,802			13,272			11,285			25,804			29,193			13,923
Tax returntrue-up		554			1,275			1,887			691			554			1,275
Effect of income taxes from international operations in excess of taxes at the PRC statutory tax rate		4,414			693			1,797
Effect of income taxes from international operations different from taxes at the PRC statutory tax rate											6,112			4,414			693
Effect of preferential tax rate		(3,855	)		(5,058	)		(2,418	)		(5,529	)		(3,855	)		(5,058	)
Tax effect of income not subject to tax		(3,278	)		(3,401	)		(4,935	)		(3,767	)		(3,278	)		(3,401	)
Tax effect of expenses not deductible for tax purposes		8,278			5,018			1,155			4,479			8,278			5,018
Tax effect of temporary differences and losses unrecognized as deferred tax assets		7,875			4,497			6,997			8,409			7,484			3,846

Income tax expense		42,790			16,296			15,768			36,199			42,790			16,296

13	BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017 have been computed by dividing profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company by 183,021 million shares issued and outstanding for the year.

There are no potentially dilutive ordinary shares.

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

DIVIDENDS

   2018    2017    2016
   RMB    RMB    RMB
Interim dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2018 (a)
   16,252    —      —
Proposed final dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2018 (b)
   16,472    —      —
Interim dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2017 (c)
   —      12,676    —
Final dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2017 (d)
   —      11,117    —
Interim dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2016 (e)
   —      —      3,899
Final dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2016 (f)
   —      —      6,957






   32,724    23,793    10,856






   2019    2018    2017
   RMB    RMB    RMB
Interim dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2019^(a)
   14,212    —      —
Proposed final dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2019^(b)
   12,081    —      —
Interim dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2018^(c)
   —      16,252    —
Final dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2018^(d)
   —      16,472    —
Interim dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2017^(e)
   —      —      12,676
Final dividends attributable to owners of the Company for 2017^(f)
   —      —      11,117






   26,293    32,724    23,793






(a)
Interim dividends attributable to owners of the Company in respect of ~~2018~~2019 of RMB ~~0.08880~~0.07765 yuan per share amounting to a total of RMB ~~16,252. The dividends were not paid before June 30, 2018 and were not recognized as liability as of June 30, 2018, as they were declared after the date of the statement of financial position.~~14,212. The dividends were paid on September ~~21, 2018~~24, 2019 (A shares) and November 1, ~~2018~~2019 (H shares).
(b)
At the ~~1st~~3rd meeting of the Board in ~~2019,~~2020, the Board of Directors proposed final dividends attributable to owners of the Company in respect of ~~2018~~2019 of RMB ~~0.09~~0.06601 yuan per share amounting to a total of RMB ~~16,472.~~12,081. These consolidated financial statements do not reflect this dividend payable as the final dividends were proposed after the reporting period and will be accounted for in equity as an appropriation of retained earnings for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 when approved at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(c)	Interim dividends attributable to owners of the Company in respect of 2018 of RMB 0.08880 yuan per share amounting to a total of RMB 16,252. The dividends were paid on September 21, 2018 (A shares) and November 1, 2018 (H shares).

(d)	Final dividends attributable to owners of the Company in respect of 2018 of RMB 0.09 yuan per share amounting to a total of RMB 16,472 and were paid on June 28, 2019 (A shares) and August 2, 2019 (H shares).

(e)

Interim dividends attributable to owners of the Company in respect of 2017 of RMB 0.06926 yuan per share amounting to a total of RMB 12,676. The dividends were ~~not paid before June 30, 2017 and were not recognized as liability as of June 30, 2017, as they were declared after the date of the statement of financial position. The dividends were~~ paid on September 15, 2017 (A shares) and October 27, 2017 (H shares).

~~(d)~~(f)

Final dividends attributable to owners of the Company in respect of 2017 of RMB 0.06074 yuan per share amounting to a total of RMB 11,117 and were paid on June 21, 2018 (A shares) and July 26, 2018 (H shares).

~~(e)~~15

Interim dividends attributable to owners of the Company in respect of 2016 of RMB 0.02131 yuan per share amounting to a total of RMB 3,899. The dividends were not paid before June 30, 2016 and were not recognized as liability as of June 30, 2016, as they were declared after the date of the statement of financial position. The dividends were paid on September 21, 2016 (A shares) and October 28, 2016 (H shares).PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

~~(f)~~

Final dividends attributable to owners of the Company in respect of 2016 of RMB 0.03801 yuan per share amounting to a total of RMB 6,957 were paid on June 22, 2017 (A shares) and July 27, 2017 (H shares).

Year Ended
December 31, 2019
   Buildings Oil
and Gas
Properties Equipment
and
Machinery Motor
Vehicles Other Construction
in Progress Total
   RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB
Cost

At beginning of the year
   237,038 2,113,366 1,102,423 27,911 34,080 226,623 3,741,441
Additions
   1,330 5,990 6,111 1,325 752 283,170 298,678
Transfers
   21,265 174,749 52,449 —   1,234 (249,697 ) —
Disposals or write offs
   (7,605 ) (40,253 ) (7,528 ) (2,096 ) (549 ) (8,900 ) (66,931 )
Currency translation differences
   146 7,351 161 8 638 4,106 12,410


At end of the year
   252,174 2,261,203 1,153,616 27,148 36,155 255,302 3,985,598


Accumulated depreciation and impairment

At beginning of the year
   (100,767 ) (1,312,907 ) (570,120 ) (20,276 ) (21,714 ) (6,269 ) (2,032,053 )
Charge for the year and others
   (11,402 ) (128,859 ) (50,360 ) (1,386 ) (1,365 ) —   (193,372 )
Impairment charge
   (237 ) (11,562 ) (1,159 ) (4 ) (38 ) (419 ) (13,419 )
Disposals or write offs or transfers
   4,532 28,241 5,945 1,724 436 491 41,369
Currency translation differences
   (69 ) (4,302 ) (76 ) (5 ) (411 ) (36 ) (4,899 )


At end of the year
   (107,943 ) (1,429,389 ) (615,770 ) (19,947 ) (23,092 ) (6,233 ) (2,202,374 )


Net book value

At end of the year
   144,231 831,814 537,846 7,201 13,063 249,069 1,783,224

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

15	~~PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT~~

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

Year Ended
December 31, 2018
   Buildings Oil
and Gas
Properties Equipment
and
Machinery Motor
Vehicles Other Construction
in Progress Total
   RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB
Cost

At beginning of the year
   227,008 2,011,329 1,068,598 28,990 32,631 199,873 3,568,429
Additions
   655 10,217 3,586 1,113 649 238,821 255,041
Transfers
   15,880 146,012 42,324 —   1,539 (205,755 ) —
Disposals or write offs
   (6,415 ) (57,281 ) (12,458 ) (2,184 ) (506 ) (8,579 ) (87,423 )
Currency translation differences
   (90 ) 3,089 373 (8 ) (233 ) 2,263 5,394


At end of the year
   237,038 2,113,366 1,102,423 27,911 34,080 226,623 3,741,441


Accumulated depreciation and impairment

At beginning of the year
   (94,160 ) (1,199,741 ) (526,441 ) (20,296 ) (18,230 ) (3,007 ) (1,861,875 )
Charge for the year and others
   (10,021 ) (131,023 ) (49,642 ) (1,629 ) (1,875 ) —   (194,190 )
Impairment charge
   (759 ) (19,856 ) (3,937 ) (37 ) (2,066 ) (3,270 ) (29,925 )
Disposals or write offs or transfers
   4,095 42,218 9,952 1,676 358 55 58,354
Currency translation differences
   78 (4,505 ) (52 ) 10 99 (47 ) (4,417 )


At end of the year
   (100,767 ) (1,312,907 ) (570,120 ) (20,276 ) (21,714 ) (6,269 ) (2,032,053 )


Net book value

At end of the year
   136,271 800,459 532,303 7,635 12,366 220,354 1,709,388


The Group’s exploration and production segment determines whether there are any indications of impairment for the oil blocks according to the Group’s guidance of identification of impairment indications for oil and gas properties, performs the impairment tests on those oil blocks with indications of impairment, and reports the results to the Group’s internal professional team (including operation and finance team) for further overall assessment and evaluation. The final results of the impairment tests have been submitted to the Group’s management for review and approval. The Group recorded impairment losses amounting to RMB 11,562 related to oil and gas properties under the exploration and production segment for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: RMB 19,856 and RMB 2,904 related to oil and gas properties and construction in progress respectively under the exploration and production segment, ~~for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017:~~2017: RMB 3,961 related to oil and gas properties under the exploration and production ~~segment, 2016: RMB 711 and RMB 44 related~~segment) due to the decline of oil and gas ~~properties and construction in progress respectively under the exploration and production segment) due to~~reserves, the higher production costs and significant drop in the economic benefits of certain oil blocks at the late stage of production. The carrying amount of those impaired oil and gas properties was written down to their respective recoverable amounts, which were determined based on the present values of the expected future cash flows of the assets. The Group referred to the weighted average cost of capital of the oil and gas industry when determining discount rate, and made relevant adjustments according to specific risks in different countries or regions. In ~~2018,~~2019, theafter-tax discount rates adopted by most oil blocks of the Group ranged ~~from~~6.4% to 15.4% (2018: 7.3% to 11.5% ~~(2017:~~, 2017: 7.6% to 11.0%~~, 2016: 7.1% to 10.3%~~).
The Group recorded impairment losses amounting to RMB ~~3,937~~1,159 for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (2018: RMB 3,937, 2017: RMB 10,300) mainly related to ~~petrochemical~~assets in refining and ~~refinery production facilities (2017: RMB 10,300 primarily related to certain petrochemical production facilities, 2016: RMB 8,502 primarily related to certain petrochemical~~chemicals segment and ~~liquefied~~ natural gas ~~production facilities). The impairment~~and pipeline segment. Some of ~~these properties is mainly~~the refinery facilities are out of service due to environmental protection

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the ~~higher production cost~~per share data and ~~MTBE~~otherwise stated)

requirements, technical upgrading and ~~etherification plant discontinued~~other reasons, and some of the LNG assets in ~~accordance with~~natural gas and pipeline segment have high operating costs and poor efficiency, which leads to the ~~national regulations~~provision for ~~promoting ethanol for vehicle fuel.~~impairment. The carrying amount of these assets has been reduced to the recoverable amount.

The following table indicates the changes to the Group’s exploratory well costs, which are included in construction in progress, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016.~~2017.


	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
At beginning of the year		22,843			21,421			20,177			26,905			22,843			21,421
Additions to capitalized exploratory well costs pending the determination of proved reserves		28,045			25,165			21,847			35,098			28,045			25,165
Reclassified to wells, facilities, and equipment based on the determination of proved reserves		(15,404	)		(14,288	)		(10,914	)		(17,002	)		(15,404	)		(14,288	)
Capitalized exploratory well costs charged to expense		(8,579	)		(9,455	)		(9,689	)		(8,900	)		(8,579	)		(9,455	)

At end of the year		26,905			22,843			21,421			36,101			26,905			22,843

The following table provides an aging of capitalized exploratory well costs based on the date the drilling was completed.

   December
31, 2018    December
31, 2017
   RMB    RMB
One year or less
   17,542    15,231
Over one year
   9,363    7,612




Balance at December 31
   26,905    22,843

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

   December 31, 2019    December 31, 2018
   RMB    RMB
One year or less
   23,924    17,542
Over one year
   12,177    9,363




Balance at December 31
   36,101    26,905




Capitalized exploratory well costs over one year are principally related to wells that are under further evaluation of drilling results or pending completion of development planning to ascertain economic viability.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

16	INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES AND JOINT VENTURES

The summarized financial information of the Group’s principal associates and joint ventures, including the aggregated amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, profit or loss and the interest held by the Group were as follows:

Name

Country of
Incorporation

Registered
Capital

Principal Activities

Interest Held

Country of
Incorporation

Registered
Capital

Principal Activities

Interest Held

Direct%

Indirect%

Direct %

Indirect %

Dalian West Pacific Petrochemical Co., Ltd.

PRC

USD
258million

Production and

sale of petroleum and petrochemical products

28.44

—

PetroIneos Refining Limited

USD 1,000

Refining

—

49.90

China Petroleum Finance Co., Ltd.

PRC

8,331

Deposits, loans, settlement, lending, bills acceptance discounting, guarantee and other banking business

32.00

—

PRC

8,331

Deposits, loans, settlement, lending, bills acceptance discounting, guarantee and other banking business

32.00

—

CNPC Captive Insurance Co., Ltd.

PRC

5,000

Property loss insurance, liability insurance, credit insurance and deposit insurance; as well as the application of the above insurance reinsurance and insurance capital business

49.00

—

PRC

5,000

Property loss insurance, liability insurance, credit insurance and deposit insurance; as well as the application of the above insurance reinsurance and insurance capital business

49.00

—

China Marine Bunker (PetroChina) Co., Ltd.

PRC

1,000

Oil import and export trade and transportation, sale and storage

—

50.00

PRC

1,000

Oil import and export trade and transportation, sale and storage

—

50.00

Arrow Energy Holdings Pty Ltd.

Australia

AUD 2

Exploration, development and sale of coal seam gas

—

50.00

Mangistau Investment B.V.

Netherlands

EUR 18,000

Engages in investing activities, the principle activities of its main subsidiaries are exploration, exploitation and sale of oil and gas.

—

50.00

Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Co., Ltd.

PRC

5,000

Main contractor, investment holding, investment management, investment consulting, enterprise management advisory, technology development, promotion and technology consulting

—

50.00

PRC

5,000

Main contractor, investment holding, investment management, investment consulting, enterprise management advisory, technology development, promotion and technology consulting

—

50.00

Dividends received or receivable from associates and joint ventures were RMB 4,432 in 2019 (2018: RMB 6,558, ~~in 2018 (2017:~~2017: RMB ~~7,034, 2016: RMB 10,172)~~7,034).

In ~~2018,~~2019, investments in associates and joint ventures of RMB 119 (2018: RMB 207, ~~(2017:~~2017: RMB ~~96, 2016: RMB 101)~~96) were disposed of, resulting in a gain of RMB ~~7 (2017:~~238 (2018: a gain of RMB ~~6, 2016:~~7, 2017: a gain of RMB 6).

In 2019, the share of profit and other comprehensive income in all individually immaterial associates and joint ventures accounted for using equity method in aggregate was profit of RMB 2,207 (2018: profit of RMB 8,996, 2017: profit of RMB 3,235) and RMB 2,098 (2018: profit of RMB 480, 2017: loss of RMB ~~40).~~845), respectively.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

In 2018, the share of profit and other comprehensive income in all individually immaterial associates and joint ventures accounted for using equity method in aggregate was profit of RMB 8,996 (2017: profit of RMB 3,235, 2016: profit of RMB 2,738) and RMB 480 (2017: loss of RMB 845, 2016: loss of RMB 204), respectively.

Interest in Associates

Summarized financial information in respect of the Group’s principal associates and reconciliation to carrying amount is as ~~follows:~~follow:


	Dalian West Pacific Petrochemical Co., Ltd.						China Petroleum Finance Co., Ltd.				CNPC Captive Insurance Co., Ltd.				PetroIneos Refining Limited				China Petroleum Finance Co., Ltd.				CNPC Captive Insurance Co., Ltd.
	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	RMB			RMB			RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Percentage ownership interest (%)		28.44			28.44			32.00		32.00		49.00		49.00		49.90		49.90		32.00		32.00		49.00		49.00
Current assets		4,833			5,326			173,948		169,389		10,493		9,386		1,457		1,373		261,520		173,948		10,823		10,493
Non-current assets		3,880			4,141			285,805		309,481		2,928		2,764		14,364		14,795		228,933		285,805		2,618		2,928
Current liabilities		10,013			12,108			378,472		394,064		7,184		6,097		7,843		7,997		403,052		378,472		6,981		7,184
Non-current liabilities		84			333			16,317		24,977		—		1		1,457		1,430		17,234		16,317		3		—

Net (liabilities) / assets		(1,384	)		(2,974	)		64,964		59,829		6,237		6,052
Net assets																6,521		6,741		70,167		64,964		6,457		6,237

Group’s share of net assets		—			—			20,788		19,145		3,056		2,965		3,254		3,364		22,453		20,788		3,164		3,056
Goodwill		—			—			349		349		—		—		—		—		349		349		—		—

Carrying amount of interest in associates		—			—			21,137		19,494		3,056		2,965		3,254		3,364		22,802		21,137		3,164		3,056

Summarized statement of comprehensive income and dividends received by the Group are as ~~follows:~~follow:


	Dalian West Pacific Petrochemical Co., Ltd.						China Petroleum Finance Co., Ltd.							CNPC Captive Insurance Co., Ltd.						PetroIneos Refining Limited									China Petroleum Finance Co., Ltd.							CNPC Captive Insurance Co., Ltd.
	2018		2017		2016		2018		2017			2016		2018		2017		2016		2019			2018			2017			2019		2018		2017			2019			2018		2017
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB		RMB
Revenue		37,385		27,716		19,029		8,520		8,520			8,555		706		654		563		4,446			4,588			4,472			9,672		8,520		8,520			712			706		654
Profit for the year		1,558		2,602		1,475		7,554		7,286			7,524		315		364		302
(Loss)/profit for the year																					(326	)		(120	)		699			7,810		7,554		7,286			349			315		364
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		651		(1,395	)		655		—		1		2		106			325			(384	)		1,356		651		(1,395	)		(1	)		—		1

Total comprehensive income		1,558		2,602		1,475		8,205		5,891			8,179		315		365		304		(220	)		205			315			9,166		8,205		5,891			348			315		365

Group’s share of total comprehensive income		—		—		—		2,626		1,885			3,628		154		179		149		(110	)		102			157			2,933		2,626		1,885			170			154		179

Dividends received by the Group		—		—		—		983		815			7,203		63		27		—		—			—			—			1,268		983		815			62			63		27

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Interest in Joint Ventures

Summarized statement of financial position as included in their own financial statements, adjusted for fair value adjustments and differences in accounting policies in respect of the Group’s principal joint ventures and reconciliation to carrying amount is as follows:

China Marine Bunker
(PetroChina) Co., Ltd. Arrow Energy Holdings Pty
Ltd. Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline
Co., Ltd.
December 31,
2018 December 31,
2017 December 31,
2018 December 31,
2017 December 31,
2018 December 31,
2017
RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB
Percentage ownership interest (%)
50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Non-current assets
1,893 1,942 24,162 25,429 34,584 31,527
Current assets
7,313 6,449 627 540 3,330 3,957
Including: cash and cash
equivalents
1,368 1,277 95 91 81 3,955
Non-current liabilities
152 232 19,772 21,569 2,100 2,100
Including:Non-current
financial liabilities
excluding trade and other
payables and provisions
20 —   16,604 17,890 2,100 2,100
Current liabilities
6,091 5,309 4,624 583 267 343
Including: Current financial liabilities excluding trade and other payables and provisions
3,796 1,894 4,169 192 —   —

Net assets
2,963 2,850 393 3,817 35,547 33,041

Net assets attributable to owners of the Company
2,702 2,630 393 3,817 35,547 33,041
Group’s share of net assets
1,351 1,315 197 1,909 17,774 16,521
Elimination of transactions
with the Group
—   —   (58 ) (52 ) —   —

Carrying amount of interest
in joint ventures
1,351 1,315 139 1,857 17,774 16,521

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

China Marine Bunker
(PetroChina) Co., Ltd. Mangistau Investment B.V. Trans-Asia Gas
Pipeline Co., Ltd.
December 31,
2019 December 31,
2018 December 31,
2019 December 31,
2018 December 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB
Percentage ownership interest (%)
50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Non-current assets
1,750 1,893 11,980 11,642 43,258 34,584
Current assets
8,666 7,313 1,211 780 2,680 3,330
Including: cash and cash equivalents
1,206 1,368 292 265 73 81
Non-current liabilities
152 152 3,062 2,740 2,355 2,100
Including:Non-current financial liabilities
5 20 907 892 2,100 2,100
Current liabilities
7,349 6,091 567 868 445 267
Including: Current financial liabilities excluding trade and other payables
3,599 3,796 —   —   —   —

Net assets
2,915 2,963 9,562 8,814 43,138 35,547

Net assets attributable to owners of the Company
2,672 2,702 9,562 8,814 43,138 35,547
Group’s share of net assets
1,336 1,351 4,781 4,407 21,569 17,774
Carrying amount of interest in joint ventures
1,336 1,351 4,781 4,407 21,569 17,774
Summarized statement of comprehensive income as included in their own financial statements, adjusted for fair value adjustments and differences in accounting policies and dividends received by the Group is as follows:

China Marine Bunker
(PetroChina) Co., Ltd. Arrow Energy Holdings
Pty Ltd. Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Co., Ltd.
2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 From the closing
date to Dec 31, 2016
RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB
Revenue
43,924 31,770 23,336 1,529 1,449 1,135 14 16 84
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
(90 ) (93 ) (92 ) (825 ) (883 ) (624 ) (4 ) (3 ) (3 )
Interest income
18 12 9 2 2 5 59 65 55
Interest expense
(96 ) (39 ) (45 ) (1,285 ) (1,300 ) (1,307 ) (46 ) (43 ) (32 )
Income tax expense
(37 ) (44 ) (47 ) —   —   — 10 —   (1 )
Net profit / (loss)
126 116 101 (1,897 ) (5,518 ) (3,718 ) 1,931 4,612 (620 )
Total comprehensive income
151 87 171 (3,435 ) (3,445 ) (3,402 ) 2,505 4,502 (514 )
Group’s share of total comprehensive income
76 43 68 (1,718 ) (1,723 ) (1,701 ) 1,253 2,251 (257 )

Dividends received by the Group
8 —   9 —   —   — —   —   —
17
~~AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE~~ ~~FINANCIAL ASSETS~~
~~December 31, 2017~~
~~RMB~~
~~Available-for-sale~~ ~~financial assets~~
~~2,251~~
~~Less: Impairment losses~~
~~(334~~ )
~~1,917~~
~~“Available-for-sale~~ financial assets” were reclassified as “Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income” upon the initial adoption of IFRS 9 at January 1, 2018 (see Note 3(aa)(a)(ii)).
18
~~FINANCIAL ASSETS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME~~
~~December 31, 2018~~
~~RMB~~
~~China Pacific Insurance (Group) Co.,Ltd.~~
~~139~~
~~Chengdu Huaqi Houpu Holding Co.,Ltd.~~
~~114~~
~~Other items~~
~~485~~
~~738~~
~~The above equity investments are planned to be held for a long term by the Group for strategic purpose, the Group designates them as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.“Available-for-sale~~ ~~financial assets” were reclassified as “Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive~~
   China Marine Bunker
(PetroChina) Co., Ltd. Mangistau Investment B.V. Trans-Asia Gas
Pipeline Co., Ltd.
   2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017
   RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB
Revenue
   42,116 43,924 31,770 15,104 16,085 13,192 23 14 16
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
   (81 ) (90 ) (93 ) (883 ) (807 ) (808 ) (37 ) (4 ) (3 )
Interest income
   23 18 12 2 5 3 51 59 65
Interest expense
   (88 ) (96 ) (39 ) (158 ) (154 ) (122 ) (57 ) (46 ) (43 )
Income tax expense
   (92 ) (37 ) (44 ) (925 ) (1,077 ) (27 ) —   10 —
Net profit
   142 126 116 2,818 3,324 1,947 4,070 1,931 4,612
Total comprehensive income
   169 151 87 2,978 3,020 1,852 7,940 2,505 4,502
Group’s share of total comprehensive income
   85 76 43 1,489 1,510 926 3,970 1,253 2,251


Dividends received by the Group
   —   8 —   1,115 1,650 2,141 175 —   —

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

17	EQUITY INVESTMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

~~income” upon~~

   December 31, 2019    December 31, 2018
   RMB    RMB
China Pacific Insurance (Group) Co., Ltd.
   185    139
Chengdu Huaqi Houpu Holding Co., Ltd.
   191    114
Other items
   546    485




   922    738




The above equity investments are planned to be held for a long term by the ~~initial adoption of IFRS 9~~Group for strategic purpose, the Group designates them as equity investments at ~~January 1, 2018 (see Note 3(aa)(a)(ii)).~~ fair value through other comprehensive income.
Dividends amounting to RMB 5222 were received on these investments during the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019 (2018: RMB 52).

1918
SUBSIDIARIES
The principal subsidiaries of the Group are:

Company Name

Country of
Incorporation
   Registered
Capital
Type of
Legal Entity
   Attributable
Equity
Interest %    Voting
Rights%
Principal Activities

Country of
Incorporation

Registered
Capital

Type of
Legal
Entity

Attributable
Equity
Interest %

Voting
Rights
%

Principal Activities
Daqing Oilfield Company Limited
   PRC    47,500    Limited liability company    100.00    100.00    Exploration, production and sale of crude oil and natural gas PRC 47,500 Limited liability company 100.00 100.00 Exploration, production and sale of crude oil and natural gas
CNPC Exploration and Development Company Limited ⁽ⁱ⁾
   PRC    16,100    Limited liability company    50.00    57.14    Exploration, production and sale of crude oil and natural gas outside the PRC PRC 16,100 Limited liability company 50.00 57.14 Exploration, production and sale of crude oil and natural gas outside the PRC
PetroChina Hong Kong Limited
   Hong Kong
HKD
7,592 million
   Limited liability company    100.00    100.00    Investment holding. The principal activities of its subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are the exploration, production and sale of crude oil in and outside the PRC as well as natural gas sale and transmission in the PRC Hong Kong
HKD
7,592 million
Limited liability company 100.00 100.00 Investment holding. The principal activities of its subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are the exploration, production and sale of crude oil in and outside the PRC as well as natural gas sale and transmission in the PRC
PetroChina International Investment Company Limited
   PRC    31,314    Limited liability company    100.00    100.00    Investment holding. The principal activities of its subsidiaries and joint ventures are the exploration, development and production of crude oil, natural gas, oil sands and coalbed methane outside the PRC PRC 31,314 Limited liability company 100.00 100.00 Investment holding. The principal activities of its subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are the exploration, development and production of crude oil, natural gas, oil sands and coalbed methane outside the PRC
PetroChina International Company Limited
   PRC    18,096    Limited liability company    100.00    100.00    Marketing of refined products and trading of crude oil and petrochemical products, storage, investment in refining, chemical engineering, storage facilities, service station, and transportation facilities and related business in and outside the PRC

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Company Name

Country of

Incorporation

Registered
Capital

Type of
Legal Entity

Attributable
Equity
Interest %

Voting
Rights%

Principal Activities

Country of

Incorporation

Registered

Capital

Type of
Legal
Entity

Attributable

Equity
Interest %

Voting
Rights
%

Principal Activities

PetroChina International Company Limited

PRC

18,096

Limited liability company

100.00

Marketing of refined products and trading of crude oil and petrochemical products, storage, investment in refining, chemical engineering, storage facilities, service station, and transportation facilities and related business in and outside the PRC

PetroChina Pipelines Co., Ltd.

PRC

80,000

Limited liability company

72.26

Oil and gas pipeline transportation, investment holding, import and export of goods, agency of import and export, import and export of technology, technology promotion service, professional contractor, main contractor

PRC

80,000

Limited liability company

72.26

Oil and gas pipeline transportation, investment

holding, import and export of goods, agency of import and export, import and export of technology, technology promotion service, professional contractor, main contractor

(i)	The Company consolidated the financial statements of the entity because it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity.

Summarized financial information in respect of the Group’s principal subsidiaries with significantnon-controlling interests is as follows:

   CNPC Exploration and
Development Company Limited    PetroChina Pipelines Co., Ltd.
   December
31, 2018    December
31, 2017    December
31, 2018    December
31, 2017
   RMB    RMB    RMB    RMB
Percentage ownership interest (%)
   50.00    50.00    72.26    72.26
Current assets
   21,463    24,722    4,604    2,882
Non-current assets
   166,155    133,328    224,163    232,842
Current liabilities
   14,525    13,273    7,531    6,059
Non-current liabilities
   25,967    13,211    6,095    8,408








Net assets
   147,126    131,566    215,141    221,257








~~Summarized statement of comprehensive income is as follows:~~

   CNPC Exploration and
Development Company Limited    PetroChina Pipelines Co., Ltd.
   2018    2017 2016    2018    2017    2016
   RMB    RMB RMB    RMB    RMB    RMB
Revenue
   45,618    37,304 28,196    43,062    43,627    41,794
Profit from continuing operations
   15,563    3,696 24,153    19,436    17,891    20,420
Total comprehensive income
   17,528    (1,050 ) 30,391    19,436    17,891    20,420
Profit attributable tonon-controlling interests
   8,844    2,390 12,414    5,392    4,963    5,664
Dividends paid tonon-controlling interests
   2,038    1,420 444    7,174    3,569    —
   CNPC Exploration and
Development Company
Limited    PetroChina Pipelines
Co., Ltd.
   December 31,
2019    December 31,
2018    December 31,
2019    December 31,
2018
   RMB    RMB    RMB    RMB
Percentage ownership interest (%)
   50.00    50.00    72.26    72.26
Current assets
   20,604    21,463    4,306    4,604
Non-current assets
   186,792    166,155    228,623    224,163
Current liabilities
   18,911    14,525    7,631    7,531
Non-current liabilities
   25,326    25,967    9,616    6,095








Net assets
   163,159    147,126    215,682    215,141

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Summarized statement of comprehensive income is as follows:

   CNPC Exploration and Development
Company Limited PetroChina Pipelines Co., Ltd.
   2019    2018    2017 2019    2018    2017
   RMB    RMB    RMB RMB    RMB    RMB
Revenue
   47,096    45,618    37,304 43,463    43,062    43,627
Profit from continuing operations
   14,126    15,563    3,696 18,911    19,436    17,891
Total comprehensive income
   17,879    17,577    (1,050 ) 18,911    19,436    17,891
Profit attributable tonon-controlling interests
   8,274    8,844    2,390 5,246    5,392    4,963
Dividends paid tonon-controlling interests
   1,923    2,038    1,420 4,852    7,174    3,569
Summarized statement of cash flows is as follows:

   CNPC Exploration and
Development Company Limited PetroChina Pipelines Co., Ltd. CNPC Exploration and
Development Company
Limited PetroChina Pipelines
Co., Ltd.
   2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017
   RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB
Net cash inflow from operating activities
   22,467 18,545 9,053 29,701 31,160 30,270 17,780 22,467 18,545 30,058 29,701 31,160
Net cash (outflow) / inflow from investing activities
   (33,466 ) (12,304 ) (18,036 ) (2,701 ) 2,869 14,799 (17,306 ) (33,466 ) (12,304 ) (10,764 ) (2,701 ) 2,869
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from financing activities
   7,865 (4,296 ) (2,248 ) (25,919 ) (36,190 ) (47,624 )
Net cash (outflow) / inflow from financing activities
(1,118 ) 7,865 (4,296 ) (18,910 ) (25,919 ) (36,190 )
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
   (1,350 ) (2,183 ) 748 —   —   —   220 (1,350 ) (2,183 ) —   —   —

Net (decrease) / increase in cash and cash equivalents
   (4,484 ) (238 ) (10,483 ) 1,081 (2,161 ) (2,555 ) (424 ) (4,484 ) (238 ) 384 1,081 (2,161 )
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
   17,982 18,220 28,703 148 2,309 4,864 13,498 17,982 18,220 1,229 148 2,309

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
   13,498 17,982 18,220 1,229 148 2,309 13,074 13,498 17,982 1,613 1,229 148

2019
ADVANCE OPERATING LEASE PAYMENTS

   December 31,
2018    December 31,
2017
   RMB    RMB
Land use rights
   58,858    55,095
Advance lease payments
   19,382    18,801




   78,240    73,896




December 31, 2018
RMB
Land use rights
58,858
Advance lease payments
19,382
78,240
Advance operating lease payments ~~are~~were amortized over the related lease terms using the straight-line method.
21
~~INTANGIBLE AND OTHERNON-CURRENT~~ ~~ASSETS~~

   December 31, 2018    December 31, 2017
   Cost    Accumulated
amortization,
including
impairment losses Net    Cost    Accumulated
amortization,
including
impairment losses Net
   RMB    RMB RMB    RMB    RMB RMB
Patents and technicalknow-how
   7,674    (6,016 ) 1,658    7,476    (5,620 ) 1,856
Computer software
   11,741    (8,636 ) 3,105    10,638    (7,749 ) 2,889
Goodwill⁽ⁱ⁾
   46,020    (3,747 ) 42,273    45,643    (3,709 ) 41,934
Other
   21,526    (8,035 ) 13,491    20,128    (7,207 ) 12,921








Intangible assets
   86,961    (26,434 ) 60,527    83,885    (24,285 ) 59,600








Other assets
      37,771       33,341




      98,298       92,941

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

~~(i)~~

Goodwill primarily relates to the acquisition of Singapore Petroleum Company, Petroineos Trading Limited and PetroChina United Pipelines Co., Ltd., completed in 2009, 2011 and 2015, respectively. The recoverable amount of all cash-generating units has been determined based on~~value-in-use~~ ~~calculations. These calculations usepost-tax~~ ~~cash flow projections based on financial budgets prepared by management. Thepost-tax~~ ~~discount rates range from 8.9% to 11.0% (2017:8.9%-10.5%),~~ and reflect specific risks relating to the cash-generating unit. Based on the estimated recoverable amount, the impairment charge of the Group for the year ended December 31, 2018 amounted to RMB 38 (2017: RMB 3,709 primarily related to goodwill of PetroChina United Pipelines Co., Ltd.).

22	~~INVENTORIES~~

   December 31,
2018    December 31,
2017
   RMB    RMB
Crude oil and other raw materials
   56,548    48,936
Work in progress
   13,773    12,811
Finished goods
   109,067    83,908
Spare parts and consumables
   53    170




   179,441    145,825
Less: Write down in inventories
   (4,855 )    (1,156 )




   174,586    144,669




23
~~ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE~~

   December 31,
2018    December 31,
2017
   RMB    RMB
Accounts receivable
   62,560    57,914
Less: Provision for impairment of receivables
   (4,053 )    (4,771 )




   58,507    53,143




~~The aging analysis~~ “Advance operating lease payments” were reclassified as“Right-of-use assets” upon initial adoption of ~~accounts receivable (net of impairment of accounts receivable) based on the invoice date (or date of revenue recognition, if earlier),~~IFRS 16 at ~~December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:~~

   December 31,
2018    December 31,
2017
   RMB    RMB
Within 1 year
   57,377    51,051
Between 1 and 2 years
   837    1,203
Between 2 and 3 years
   108    379
Over 3 years
   185    510




   58,507    53,143




~~The Group offers its customers credit terms up to 90 days.~~

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

~~Movements in the provision for impairment of accounts receivable are as follows:~~

   2018    2017    2016
   RMB    RMB    RMB
At beginning of the year
   4,771    2,023    523
Provision for impairment of accounts receivable
   561    2,813    1,633
Reversal of provision for impairment of accounts receivable
   (1,178 )    (7 )    (36 )
Receivables written off as uncollectible
   (101 )    (58 )    (97 )






At end of the year
   4,053    4,771    2,023






24
~~PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS~~

   December 31,
2018    December 31,
2017
   RMB    RMB
Other receivables
   18,888    16,535
Advances to suppliers
   17,801    10,384




   36,689    26,919
Less: Provision for impairment
   (3,412 )    (2,824 )




   33,277    24,095
Value-added tax to be deducted
   42,153    39,203
Prepaid expenses
   1,064    951
Prepaid income taxes
   1,261    —
Other current assets
   10,839    7,765




   88,594    72,014




25
~~NOTES RECEIVABLE~~
~~Notes receivable represent mainly bills of acceptance issued by banks for the sale of goods and performance of services. All notes receivable are due within one year.~~
26
~~CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS~~
~~The weighted average effective interest rate on bank deposits was 1.55% per annum for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017: 2.18% per annum, 2016: 1.36% per annum)~~January 1, 2019 (see Note 3 (aa)).

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

2720	INTANGIBLE AND OTHERNON-CURRENT ASSETS

   December 31, 2019    December 31, 2018
   Cost    Accumulated
amortization,
including
impairment
losses Net    Cost    Accumulated
amortization,
including
impairment
losses Net
   RMB    RMB RMB    RMB    RMB RMB
Patents and technicalknow-how
   7,782    (6,370 ) 1,412    7,674    (6,016 ) 1,658
Computer software
   12,356    (9,116 ) 3,240    11,746    (8,637 ) 3,109
Goodwill⁽ⁱ⁾
   46,555    (3,747 ) 42,808    46,020    (3,747 ) 42,273
Other
   23,880    (8,949 ) 14,931    21,526    (8,035 ) 13,491








Intangible assets
   90,573    (28,182 ) 62,391    86,966    (26,435 ) 60,531








Other assets
      38,272       37,778




      100,663       98,309




(i)
Goodwill primarily relates to the acquisition of PetroChina United Pipelines Co., Ltd. (“Pipeline Goodwill”) completed in 2015 with carrying amount of RMB 34,285 as at December 31,2019. The impairment test of the Pipeline Goodwill is performed associated with the cash-generating unit of West-East Gas Pipeline. The recoverable amount is determined according to the higher of the cash-generating unit’s fair value less the net amount of disposal expense and the cash-generating unit’s expected present value of future cash flows. The cash flow projection used in the impairment test is based on management’s estimation and judgment of the parameters such as transportation volume, transportation price and operating costs of the West-East Gas Pipeline, and thepost-tax discount rate of 7.2% (2018: 8.9%, 2017: 8.9%) reflecting the specific risks relating to the cash-generating unit. Based on the result of impairment test, no impairment loss was charged for the Pipeline Goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: nil, 2017: RMB 3,709).
For impairment test of the remaining goodwills, thepost-tax discount rates ranged 6.5% to 10.5% (2018: 9.1% to 11.0%, 2017: 9.2% to 10.5%) were used by management, and no impairment loss was charged for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: RMB 38, 2017: RMB nil).
21
INVENTORIES
   December 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
   RMB RMB
Crude oil and other raw materials
   56,166 58,188
Work in progress
   15,159 14,241
Finished goods
   112,003 110,103
Spare parts and consumables
   88 53


   183,416 182,585
Less: Write down in inventories
   (1,495 ) (5,008 )


   181,921 177,577

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

22	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

   December 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
   RMB RMB
Accounts receivable
   66,615 63,575
Less: Provision for impairment of receivables
   (2,431 ) (4,053 )


   64,184 59,522


The aging analysis of accounts receivable (net of impairment of accounts receivable) based on the invoice date (or date of revenue recognition, if earlier), at December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:
   December 31,
2019    December 31,
2018
   RMB    RMB
Within 1 year
   63,392    58,392
Between 1 and 2 years
   419    837
Between 2 and 3 years
   267    108
Over 3 years
   106    185




   64,184    59,522




The Group offers its customers credit terms up to 180 days.
Movements in the provision for impairment of accounts receivable are as follows:
   2019 2018 2017
   RMB RMB RMB
At beginning of the year
   4,053 4,771 2,023
Provision for impairment of accounts receivable
   226 561 2,813
Reversal of provision for impairment of accounts receivable
   (1,604 ) (1,178 ) (7 )
Receivables written off as uncollectible
   (244 ) (101 ) (58 )


At end of the year
   2,431 4,053 4,771


23
PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
   December 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
   RMB RMB
Other receivables
   23,072 19,206
Advances to suppliers
   17,747 18,253


   40,819 37,459
Less: Provision for impairment
   (3,413 ) (3,439 )


   37,406 34,020
Value-added tax to be deducted
   48,560 42,153
Prepaid expenses
   360 1,068
Prepaid income taxes
   5,649 1,261
Other current assets
   11,152 10,843


   103,127 89,345

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

24	NOTES RECEIVABLE

Notes receivable represent mainly bills of acceptance issued by banks for the sale of goods and performance of services. Notes receivable are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. All notes receivable are due within one year, and their fair values approximate the face values of the bills.

25	CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

The weighted average effective interest rate on bank deposits was 1.69% per annum for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: 1.55% per annum, 2017: 2.18% per annum).

26	ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Trade payables		121,312		103,201		148,335		123,069
Advances from customers⁽ⁱ⁾		—		67,176
Salaries and welfare payable		10,087		6,955		10,169		10,189
Accrued expenses		5		213
Dividends payable by subsidiaries tonon-controlling shareholders		355		139		389		355
Interest payable		2,965		3,910		4,719		2,978
Construction fee and equipment cost payables		123,556		121,313		111,767		123,602
Other⁽ⁱⁱ⁾		39,548		40,912
Other⁽ⁱ⁾						52,935		39,655

		297,828		343,819		328,314		299,848

(i)	~~As a result of the adoption of IFRS 15, gross amount due to customers for advances received are included in contract liabilities and disclosed in Note 28 (see Note 3(aa)(a)(i)).~~

~~(ii)~~

Other consists primarily of notes payables, insurance payable, etc.

The aging analysis of trade payables at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017~~2018 is as follows:


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Within 1 year		111,613		94,996		136,670		113,370
Between 1 and 2 years		5,049		4,241		5,472		5,049
Between 2 and 3 years		2,386		1,894		3,180		2,386
Over 3 years		2,264		2,070		3,013		2,264

		121,312		103,201		148,335		123,069

2827	CONTRACT LIABILITIES

As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, contract liabilities mainly represented advances from customers related to the sales of natural gas, crude oil and refined oil, etc. The majority of related obligations are expected to be performed ~~within one year~~ and the corresponding revenue will be ~~recognized.~~recognized within one year. The primary amount of contract liabilities at the beginning of the year has been recognized as revenue for the year ended December 31, ~~2018.~~2019.

29	~~BORROWINGS~~

   December 31,
2018    December 31,
2017
   RMB    RMB
Short-term borrowings excluding current portion of long-term borrowings
   62,368    93,881
Current portion of long-term borrowings
   75,370    81,536




   137,738    175,417
Long-term borrowings
   269,422    289,858




   407,160    465,275

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

28	BORROWINGS

   December 31,
2019    December 31,
2018
   RMB    RMB
Short-term borrowings excluding current portion of long-term borrowings
   90,497    69,780
Current portion of long-term borrowings
   85,343    75,370




   175,840    145,150
Long-term borrowings
   290,882    269,422




   466,722    414,572




Borrowings of the Group of RMB ~~27,685~~22,313 were guaranteed by CNPC, its fellow subsidiaries and a third party at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (December 31, ~~2017:~~2018: RMB ~~45,463)~~27,685).
The Group’s borrowings include secured liabilities ~~totalling~~totaling RMB ~~2,460~~1,983 at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 (December 31, ~~2017:~~2018: RMB ~~2,829)~~2,460).

   December 31,
2018 December 31,
2017
   RMB RMB
Total borrowings:

— interest free
   129 130
— at fixed rates
   201,607 253,369
— at floating rates
   205,424 211,776


   407,160 465,275


Weighted average effective interest rates:

— bank loans
   3.39 % 2.42 %
— corporate debentures
   3.39 % 3.62 %
— medium-term notes
   3.68 % 3.81 %
— other loans
   4.07 % 3.87 %
   December 31,
2019 December 31,
2018
   RMB RMB
Total borrowings:

– interest free
   124 129
– at fixed rates
   250,297 208,876
– at floating rates
   216,301 205,567


   466,722 414,572


Weighted average effective interest rates:

– bank loans
   3.20 % 3.43 %
– corporate debentures
   3.52 % 3.39 %
– medium-term notes
   3.63 % 3.68 %
– other loans
   3.80 % 4.07 %
The borrowings by major ~~currency~~currencies at December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and December 31, ~~2017~~2018 are as follows:

   December 31,
2018    December 31,
2017    December 31,
2019    December 31,
2018
   RMB    RMB    RMB    RMB
RMB
   291,087    332,383    356,704    297,847
US Dollar
   106,821    124,312    100,374    107,473
Other currency
   9,252    8,580    9,644    9,252








   407,160    465,275    466,722    414,572








The fair values of the Group’s long-term borrowings including the current portion of long-term borrowings are RMB ~~339,878 (December 31, 2017: RMB 343,707)~~371,807 at December 31, ~~2018.~~2019 (December 31, 2018: RMB 339,878). The carrying amounts of short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.
The fair values are based on discounted cash flows using applicable discount rates based upon the prevailing market rates of interest available to the Group for financial instruments with substantially the same terms and characteristics at the dates of the consolidated statement of financial position. Such discount rates ranged from~~-0.18%~~ ~~to 5.43% per annum as of December 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017: -0.24% to 6.04% per annum) depending on the type of the borrowings.~~

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

-0.27% to 4.90% per annum as of December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018:-0.18% to 5.43% per annum) depending on the type of the borrowings.

The following table sets out the borrowings’ remaining contractual maturities at the date of the consolidated statement of financial position, which are based on contractual undiscounted cash flows including principal and interest, and the earliest contractual maturity date:


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Within 1 year		151,049		189,050		188,771		158,782
Between 1 and 2 years		98,939		69,159		30,090		98,939
Between 2 and 5 years		150,837		191,879		253,918		150,837
After 5 years		43,879		70,179		31,576		43,879

		444,704		520,267		504,355		452,437

Reconciliation of movements of borrowings to cash flows arising from financing activities:


	2018			2017			2019			2018
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
At beginning of the year		465,275			516,271			414,572			473,955
Changes from financing cash flows:
Increase in borrowings		690,189			730,252			836,458			704,281
Repayments of borrowings		(754,227	)		(773,940	)		(785,751	)		(770,141	)
Other borrowing costs paid		—			(173	)

Total changes from financing cash flows		(64,038	)		(43,861	)		50,707			(65,860	)

Exchange adjustments		5,923			(7,135	)		1,443			6,477

At end of the year		407,160			465,275			466,722			414,572

3029	SHARE CAPITAL


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Registered, issued and fully paid:
A shares		161,922		161,922		161,922		161,922
H shares		21,099		21,099		21,099		21,099

		183,021		183,021		183,021		183,021

In accordance with the Restructuring Agreement between CNPC and the Company effective as of November 5, 1999, the Company issued 160 billion state-owned shares in exchange for the assets and liabilities transferred to the Company by CNPC. The 160 billion state-owned shares were the initial registered capital of the Company with a par value of RMB 1.00 yuan per share.

On April 7, 2000, the Company issued 17,582,418,000 shares, represented by 13,447,897,000 H shares and 41,345,210 ADSs (each representing 100 H shares) in a global initial public offering (“Global Offering”) and the trading of the H shares and the ADSs on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and the New York Stock Exchange commenced on April 7, 2000 and April 6, 2000, respectively. The H shares and ADSs were issued at ~~prices of HK$ 1.28 per H share and US$ 16.44 per ADS respectively for which the net proceeds to the Company~~

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

prices of HK$ 1.28 per H share and US$ 16.44 per ADS respectively for which the net proceeds to the Company were approximately RMB 20 billion. The shares issued pursuant to the Global Offering rank equally with existing shares.

Pursuant to the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, 1,758,242,000 state-owned shares of the Company owned by CNPC were converted into H shares for sale in the Global Offering.

On September 1, 2005, the Company issued an additional 3,196,801,818 new H shares at HK$ 6.00 per share and net proceeds to the Company amounted to approximately RMB 19,692. CNPC also sold 319,680,182 state-owned shares it held concurrently with PetroChina’s sale of new H shares in September 2005.

On October 31, 2007, the Company issued 4,000,000,000 new A shares at RMB 16.70 yuan per share and net proceeds to the Company amounted to approximately RMB 66,243 and the listing and trading of the A shares on the Shanghai Stock Exchange commenced on November 5, 2007.

Following the issuance of the A shares, all the existing state-owned shares issued before November 5, 2007 held by CNPC have been registered with the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited as A shares.

Shareholders’ rights are governed by the Company Law of the PRC that requires an increase in registered capital to be approved by the shareholders in shareholders’ general meetings and the relevant PRC regulatory authorities.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

3130

RESERVES


	2018			2017			2019			2018
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Capital Reserve
Beginning balance		133,308			133,308			133,308			133,308

Ending balance		133,308			133,308			133,308			133,308

Statutory Common Reserve Fund^(a)
Beginning balance		188,769			186,840			194,245			188,769
Transfer from retained earnings		5,476			1,929			3,037			5,476

Ending balance		194,245			188,769			197,282			194,245

Special Reserve-Safety Fund Reserve
Beginning balance		13,366			13,188			13,831			13,366
Safety fund reserve		465			178			(1,388	)		465

Ending balance		13,831			13,366			12,443			13,831

Currency Translation Differences^(b)
Beginning balance		(28,045	)		(29,294	)		(33,067	)		(28,045	)
Currency translation differences		(5,022	)		1,249			4,128			(5,022	)

Ending balance		(33,067	)		(28,045	)		(28,939	)		(33,067	)

Other Reserves
Beginning balance		(9,336	)		(9,236	)		(8,718	)		(9,336	)
Equity transaction withnon-controlling interests		13			289
Acquisition of subsidiaries		—			(1	)
Fair value loss from financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income		(162	)		—
Fair value loss onavailable-for-sale financial assets		—			(36	)
Adjusted for the acquisition of Dalian West Pacific (Note 40)								—			516
Beginning balance, as adjusted								(8,718	)		(8,820	)

Transaction withnon-controlling interests								(2,007	)		13
Fair value gain/(loss) from equity investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income								96			(162	)
Share of the other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method		220			(326	)		417			220
Other		31			(26	)		129			31

Ending balance		(9,234	)		(9,336	)		(10,083	)		(8,718	)

		299,083			298,062			304,011			299,599

(a)

Pursuant to the PRC regulations and the Company’s Articles of Association, the Company is required to transfer 10% of its net profit, as determined under the PRC accounting regulations, to a Statutory Common Reserve Fund (“Reserve Fund”). Appropriation to the Reserve Fund may cease when the fund aggregates to 50% of the Company’s registered capital. The transfer to this reserve must be made before distribution of dividends to shareholders.

The Reserve Fund shall only be used to make good previous years’ losses, to expand the Company’s production operations, or to increase the capital of the Company. Upon approval of a resolution of shareholders’ in a general meeting, the Company may convert its Reserve Fund into share capital and issue bonus shares to existing shareholders in proportion to their original shareholdings or to increase the nominal value of each share currently held by them, provided that the balance of the Reserve Fund after such issuance is not less than 25% of the Company’s registered capital.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

(b)	The translation reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations.

(c)

According to the relevant PRC regulations, the distributable reserve is the lower of the retained earnings computed under PRC accounting regulations and IFRS. As of December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Company’s distributable reserve amounted to RMB ~~594,169~~590,727 (December 31, ~~2017:~~2018: RMB ~~572,252)~~594,169).

3231	DEFERRED TAXATION

The movements in the deferred taxation account are as follows:


	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
At beginning of the year		14,064			6,720			3,807			6,483			14,064			6,720
Transfer to profit and loss (Note 12)		(7,807	)		7,539			3,994			(3,485	)		(7,807	)		7,539
Credit/ (debit) to other comprehensive income		226			(195	)		(1,081	)
(Debit) / credit to other comprehensive income											(150	)		226			(195	)

At end of the year		6,483			14,064			6,720			2,848			6,483			14,064

Deferred tax balances before offset are attributable to the following items:


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Deferred tax assets:
Receivables and inventories		8,528		10,387		6,841		8,528
Tax losses		26,027		27,911		20,391		26,027
Impairment of long-term assets		7,838		9,712		9,676		7,838
Other		7,187		7,613		8,643		7,187

Total deferred tax assets		49,580		55,623		45,551		49,580

Deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated tax depreciation		27,948		27,539		27,646		27,948
Other		15,149		14,020		15,057		15,149

Total deferred tax liabilities		43,097		41,559		42,703		43,097

Net deferred tax assets		6,483		14,064		2,848		6,483

Tax losses that can be carried forward to future years include deferred tax assets arising from the losses of the branches in the ~~eastern region.~~Eastern China Region. The tax expenses of the Company’s branches in the ~~eastern~~Eastern and ~~western regions~~Western China Regions were paid in aggregate according to the requirements of the competent tax authority.

Deferred tax balances after offset are listed as follows:


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Deferred tax assets		23,498		26,724		24,259		23,498
Deferred tax liabilities		17,015		12,660		21,411		17,015

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

3332	ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS


	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
At beginning of the year		131,546			125,392			117,996			132,780			131,546			125,392
Net liabilities incurred, including reassessment		(2,220	)		2,981			2,942			2,026			(2,220	)		2,981
Liabilities settled		(2,034	)		(2,012	)		(843	)		(2,427	)		(2,034	)		(2,012	)
Accretion expense (Note 10)		5,678			5,453			5,126			5,525			5,678			5,453
Currency translation differences		(190	)		(268	)		171			31			(190	)		(268	)

At end of the year		132,780			131,546			125,392			137,935			132,780			131,546

Asset retirement obligations relate to oil and gas properties (Note 15).

3433

PENSIONS

The Group participates in various employee retirement benefit plans (Note 3(y)). Expenses incurred by the Group in connection with the retirement benefit plans for the year ended December 31, ~~2018~~2019 amounted to RMB ~~19,387 (2017:~~20,196 (2018: RMB ~~16,010, 2016:~~19,432, 2017: RMB ~~16,184)~~16,054).

3534	CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

(a) Bank and other guarantees

At December 31, ~~2018~~2019 and ~~2017,~~2018, the Group did not guarantee related parties or third parties any significant borrowings or others.

(b) Environmental liabilities

China has adopted extensive environmental laws and regulations that affect the operation of the oil and gas industry. Under existing legislation, however, management believes that there are no probable liabilities, except for the amounts which have already been reflected in the consolidated financial statements, which may have a material adverse effect on the financial position of the Group.

(c) Legal contingencies

During the reporting period, the Group has complied with domestic and overseas ~~significant~~ laws and regulatory requirements. Notwithstanding certain insignificant lawsuits as well as other proceedings outstanding, management believes that any resulting liabilities will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position of the Group.

(d) Group insurance

The Group has insurance coverage for vehicles and certain assets that are subject to significant operating risks, third-party liability insurance against claims relating to personal injury, property and environmental damages that result from accidents and also employer liabilities insurance. The potential effect on the financial position of the Group of any liabilities resulting from future uninsured incidents cannot be estimated by the Group at present.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

3635	COMMITMENTS

(a) Operating lease commitments

Operating lease commitments of the Group are mainly for leasing of land, buildings and equipment. Leases range from 1 to 50 years and usually do not contain renewal options. Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2018 ~~and 2017~~ undernon-cancelable operating leases are as follows:

   December 31,
2018    December 31,
2017
   RMB    RMB
No later than 1 year
   12,664    11,519
Later than 1 year and no later than 5 years
   39,222    37,033
Later than 5 years
   176,049    180,833




   227,935    229,385




December 31, 2018
RMB
No later than 1 year
12,664
Later than 1 year and no later than 5 years
39,222
Later than 5 years
176,049
227,935
The Group is the lessee in respective of a number of properties, plant and equipment held under leases which were previously classified as operating leases under IAS 17. The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach. Under this approach, the comparative information is not restated (see Note 3(aa)). From January 1, 2019 onwards future lease payments recognized as lease liabilities in the statement of financial position.
(b) Capital commitments
At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, the Group’s capital commitments contracted but not provided for mainly relating to property, plant and equipment were RMB ~~41,989~~56,856 (December 31, ~~2017:~~2018: RMB ~~70,563)~~41,989).
The operating lease and capital commitments above are transactions mainly with CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries.
(c) Exploration and production licenses
The Company is obligated to make annual payments with respect to its exploration and production licenses to the Ministry of Natural Resources. Payments incurred were RMB ~~650~~535 for the year ended December 31, ~~2018 (2017:~~2019 (2018: RMB ~~609, 2016:~~650, 2017: RMB ~~639)~~609).
According to the current policy, estimated annual payments for the next five years are as follows:

   December 31,
2018    December 31,
2017    December 31, 2019    December 31, 2018
   RMB    RMB    RMB    RMB
Within one year
   800    800    800    800
Between one and two years
   800    800    800    800
Between two and three years
   800    800    800    800
Between three and four years
   800    800    800    800
Between four and five years
   800    800    800    800

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

3736	MAJOR CUSTOMERS

The Group’s major customers are as follows:


	2018				2017				2016				2019				2018				2017
	Revenue		Percentage of Total revenue		Revenue		Percentage of Total revenue		Revenue		Percentage of Total revenue		Revenue		Percentage of Total revenue		Revenue		Percentage of Total revenue		Revenue		Percentage of Total revenue
	RMB		%		RMB		%		RMB		%		RMB		%		RMB		%		RMB		%
China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation		96,990		4		65,767		3		39,481		2		105,855		4		96,990		4		65,767		3
CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries		83,670		4		92,173		5		91,094		6		99,279		4		83,670		4		92,173		5

		180,660		8		157,940		8		130,575		8		205,134		8		180,660		8		157,940		8

3837	RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

CNPC, the controlling shareholder of the Company, is a limited liability company directly controlled by the PRC government.

Related parties include CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries, their associates and joint ventures, other state-owned enterprises and their subsidiaries which the PRC government has control, joint control or significant influence over and enterprises which the Group is able to control, jointly control or exercise significant influence over, key management personnel of the Company and CNPC and their close family members.

(a) Transactions with CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of the Group

The Group has extensive transactions with other companies in CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries. Due to these relationships, it is possible that the terms of the transactions between the Group and other members of CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries are not the same as those that would result from transactions with other related parties or wholly unrelated parties.

The principal related party transactions with CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of the Group which were carried out in the ordinary course of business, are as follows:

On August 25, 2011, based on the terms of the Comprehensive Products and Services Agreement amended in 2008, the Company and CNPC entered into a new Comprehensive Products and Services Agreement (“the Comprehensive Products and Services Agreement”) for a period of three years which took effect on January 1, 2012. The Comprehensive Products and Services Agreement provides for a range of products and services which may be required and requested by either party. The products and services to be provided by CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries to the Group under the Comprehensive Products and Services Agreement include construction and technical services, production services, supply of material services, social services, ancillary services and financial services. The products and services required and requested by either party are provided in accordance with (1) government-prescribed prices; or (2) where there is no government-prescribed price, with reference to relevant market prices; or (3) where neither (1) nor (2) is applicable, the actual cost incurred or the agreed contractual price. On the basis of the existing Comprehensive Products and Services Agreement, the Company and CNPC entered into a new Comprehensive Products and Services Agreement on August 24, 2017 for a period

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

of three years which took effect on January 1, 2018. The new Comprehensive Products and Services Agreement has already incorporated the terms of the current Comprehensive Products and previous Services Agreement.

Sales of goods represent the sale of crude oil, refined products, chemical products and natural gas, etc. The total amount of these transactions amounted to RMB 107,370 for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017: RMB 113,306, 2016: RMB 104,034).

Sales of services principally represent the provision of services in connection with the transportation of crude oil and natural gas, etc. The total amount of these transactions amounted to RMB 7,938 for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017: RMB 6,160, 2016: RMB 5,053).

Purchases of goods and services principally represent construction and technical services, production services, social services, ancillary services and material supply services, etc. The total amount of these transactions amounted to RMB 372,286 for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017: RMB 338,178, 2016: RMB 292,168).

Purchases of assets principally represent the purchases of manufacturing equipment, office equipment and transportation equipment, etc. The total amount of these transactions amounted to RMB 1,195 for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017: RMB 1,643, 2016: RMB 1,058).

~~Amounts due from and to CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of the Group included in the following accounts captions are summarized as follows:~~

   December 31,
2018    December 31,
2017
   RMB    RMB
Accounts receivable
   10,939    10,219
Prepayments and other receivables
   11,458    8,987
Other current assets
   7,852    5,794
Othernon-current assets
   16,511    14,848
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
   64,473    66,001
Contract liabilities
   568    —
Othernon-current liabilities
   2,296    3,053
Interest income represents interests from deposits placed with CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries. The total interest income amounted to RMB 531 for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017: RMB 424, 2016: RMB 224). The balance of deposits at December 31, 2018 was RMB 22,434 (December 31, 2017: RMB 25,903).
Purchases of financial service principally represents interest charged on the loans from CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries, insurance fee, etc. The total amount of these transactions amounted to RMB 11,724 for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017: RMB 11,021, 2016: RMB 12,139).
~~The borrowings from CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries at December 31, 2018 were RMB 191,361 (December 31, 2017: RMB 208,395).~~
Rents and other payments made under financial leasing represent the payable by the Group (including all rents, leasing service fees and prices for exercising purchase options) for the period according to the financial leasing agreements entered into by the Group and CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries. The total rents and other payments made under financial leasing amounted to RMB 829 for the year ended December 31, 2018 (2017: RMB 835, 2016: RMB 819).

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

On August 25, 2011, based on the Land Use Rights Leasing Contract signed in 2000, the Company and CNPC entered into a Supplemental Land Use Rights Leasing Contract which took effect on January 1, 2012. The

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Company and CNPC each issued a confirmation letter to the Land Use Rights Leasing Contract on August 24, 2017, which adjusted the rental payable and the area for the leased land parcels. The Company agreed to rent from CNPC parcels of land with an aggregate area of approximately 1,773 million square meters with annual rental payable (exclusive of tax and government charges) adjusted to no more than RMB 5,783 in accordance with the area of leased land parcels and the current situation of the property market. The Land Use Rights Leasing Contract shall remain unchanged, apart from the rental payable and the leased area. The confirmation letter shall be effective from January 1, 2018.

On August 25, 2011, based on the Buildings Leasing Contract and Supplemental Building Leasing Agreement, the Company and CNPC entered into a Revised Buildings Leasing Contract which took effect thereafter. On August 24, 2017, based on the Buildings Leasing Contract and Supplemental Building Leasing Agreement, the Company and CNPC entered into a Revised Buildings Leasing Contract which took effect on January 1, 2018. Under this contract, buildings covering an aggregate area of 1,152,968 square meters were leased at annual rental payable approximately RMB 730. The Revised Building Leasing Contract will expire at December 31, 2037. The area and total fee payable for the lease of all such property may, every three years, be adjusted with the Company’s operating needs and by reference to market price which the adjusted prices will not exceed.

Sales of goods represent the sale of crude oil, refined products, chemical products and natural gas, etc. The total amount of these transactions amounted to RMB 122,927 for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: RMB 105,434, 2017: RMB 113,306).

Sales of services principally represent the provision of services in connection with the transportation of crude oil and natural gas, etc. The total amount of these transactions amounted to RMB 10,055 for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: RMB 7,938, 2017: RMB 6,160).

Purchases of goods and services principally represent construction and technical services, production services, social services, ancillary services and material supply services, etc. The total amount of these transactions amounted to RMB 388,802 for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: RMB 364,912, 2017: RMB 330,379).

Purchases of assets principally represent the purchases of manufacturing equipment, office equipment and transportation equipment, etc. The total amount of these transactions amounted to RMB 1,701 for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: RMB 1,195, 2017: RMB 1,634).

Interest income represents interests from deposits placed with CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries. The total interest income amounted to RMB 460 for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: RMB 535, 2017: RMB 425). The balance of deposits at December 31, 2019 was RMB 28,304 (December 31, 2018: RMB 22,532).

Purchases of financial service principally represents interest charged on the loans from CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries, insurance fee, etc. The total amount of these transactions amounted to RMB 8,759 for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2018: RMB 11,970, 2017: RMB 11,294).

The borrowings from CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries at December 31, 2019 were RMB 179,699 (December 31, 2018: RMB 196,161).

Rents and other payments paid to CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries represent (1) the rental expense paid by the Group according to Land Use Rights Leasing Contract and Buildings Leasing Contract; (2) the payable by the Group (including all rents, leasing service fees and prices for exercising purchase options) for the period according to the leasing agreements entered into by the Group and CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries. The total rents and other payments amounted to RMB 10,106 for the year ended December 31, 2019. (2018: RMB 7,092, 2017: RMB 7,351).

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Amounts due from and to CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of the Group included in the following accounts captions are summarized as follows:

   December 31,
2019    December 31,
2018^Note
   RMB    RMB
Accounts receivable
   12,784    11,896
Prepayments and other receivables
   11,441    11,467
Other current assets
   11,951    7,852
Othernon-current assets
   16,242    16,511
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
   61,205    64,511
Contract liabilities
   792    568
Lease liabilities
   139,250    —
Othernon-current liabilities
   827    2,296
Note: The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Under this approach, the comparative information is not restated (see Note 3(aa)).
(b) Key management compensation

   Year End December 31,
   2018    2017    2016
   RMB’000    RMB’000    RMB’000
Emoluments and other benefits
   13,385    11,779    12,549
Contribution to retirement benefit scheme
   1,781    1,645    1,712






   15,166    13,424    14,261






~~Note:~~
Emoluments set out above for the year ended December 31, 2018 exclude RMB 0.17 paid to key management of the Company of the deferred merit pay in accordance with relevant requirements by the PRC government (2017: RMB nil, 2016: RMB 1.64).
   Year End December 31,
   2019    2018    2017
   RMB’000    RMB’000    RMB’000
Emoluments and other benefits
   13,042    13,385    11,779
Contribution to retirement benefit scheme
   1,796    1,781    1,645






   14,838    15,166    13,424






(c) Transactions with other state-controlled entities in the PRC
Apart from transactions with CNPC and its fellow subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of the Group, the Group’s transactions with other state-controlled entities include but is not limited to the following:
●
Sales and purchases of goods and services,
●
Purchases of assets,
●
Lease of assets; and
●
Bank deposits and borrowings
These transactions are conducted in the ordinary course of the Group’s business.

~~PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED~~

~~NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)~~

~~(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)~~

3938	SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Group is principally engaged in a broad range of petroleum related products, services and activities. The Group’s operating segments comprise: Exploration and Production, Refining and Chemicals, Marketing, and Natural Gas and Pipeline. On the basis of these operating segments, the management of the Company assesses the segmental operating results and allocates resources. Sales between operating segments are conducted principally at market prices. Additionally, the Group presents geographical information based on entities located in regions with a similar risk profile.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

The Exploration and Production segment is engaged in the exploration, development, production and marketing of crude oil and natural gas.

The Refining and Chemicals segment is engaged in the refining of crude oil and petroleum products, production and marketing of primary petrochemical products, derivative petrochemical products and other chemical products.

The Marketing segment is engaged in the marketing of refined products and the trading business.

The Natural Gas and Pipeline segment is engaged in the transmission of natural gas, crude oil and refined products and the sale of natural gas.

The Head Office and Other segment relates to cash management and financing activities, the corporate center, research and development, and other business services supporting the operating business segments of the Group.

The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in Note 3 —– “Summary of Principal Accounting Policies”.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

The segment information for the operating segments for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017 are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31, 2018																		Year Ended December 31, 2019
	Exploration and Production			Refining and Chemicals			Marketing			Natural Gas and Pipeline			Head Office and Other			Total			Exploration and Production			Refining and Chemicals			Marketing			Natural Gas and Pipeline			Head Office and Other			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Revenue		658,712			874,125			2,003,105			362,626			2,376			3,900,944			676,320			902,679			2,165,391			391,023			3,700			4,139,113
Less: intersegment sales		(539,295	)		(692,660	)		(280,639	)		(34,156	)		(606	)		(1,547,356	)		(552,672	)		(712,178	)		(315,157	)		(40,652	)		(1,644	)		(1,622,303	)

Revenue from external customers		119,417			181,465			1,722,466			328,470			1,770			2,353,588			123,648			190,501			1,850,234			350,371			2,056			2,516,810

Depreciation, depletion and amortization		(169,622	)		(24,971	)		(13,511	)		(21,985	)		(1,840	)		(231,929	)		(158,874	)		(24,995	)		(17,131	)		(22,375	)		(1,887	)		(225,262	)
Including: Impairment losses of property, plant and equipment		(26,002	)		(3,393	)		—			(530	)		—			(29,925	)		(11,562	)		(1,444	)		(1	)		(412	)		—			(13,419	)
Profit / (loss) from operations		73,519			42,756			(6,450	)		25,515			(14,343	)		120,997			96,097			13,764			(565	)		26,108			(13,642	)		121,762
Finance costs:
Exchange gain																	12,475																		10,017
Exchange loss																	(11,330	)																	(10,016	)
Interest income																	3,769																		3,631
Interest expense																	(22,352	)																	(30,409	)

Total net finance costs																	(17,438	)																	(26,777	)

Share of profit of associates and joint ventures		4,224			63			4,214			496			2,650			11,647			3,513			58			1,402			501			2,755			8,229

Profit before income tax expense																	115,206																		103,214
Income tax expense																	(42,790	)																	(36,199	)

Profit for the year																	72,416																		67,015

Segment assets		1,227,613			316,015			429,854			519,553			1,371,525			3,864,560			1,520,697			365,013			524,321			536,298			1,409,368			4,355,697
Other assets																	24,759																		29,908
Investments in associates and joint ventures		39,235			1,010			17,437			7,022			24,658			89,362			45,721			1,022			19,159			9,713			26,458			102,073
Elimination of intersegment balances^(a)																	(1,546,415	)																	(1,754,768	)

Total assets																	2,432,266																		2,732,910

Capital expenditures		196,109			15,287			17,010			26,502			1,066			255,974			230,117			21,279			17,618			27,004			758			296,776
Segment liabilities		466,097			49,292			239,187			158,153			566,129			1,478,858			720,028			132,018			324,822			277,370			594,000			2,048,238
Other liabilities																	99,759																		88,793
Elimination of intersegment balances^(a)																	(557,009	)																	(848,426	)

Total liabilities																	1,021,608																		1,288,605

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)


	Year Ended December 31, 2017																		Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Exploration and Production			Refining and Chemicals			Marketing			Natural Gas and Pipeline			Head Office and Other			Total			Exploration and Production			Refining and Chemicals			Marketing			Natural Gas and Pipeline			Head Office and Other			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Revenue		505,430			707,804			1,660,456			295,786			2,057			3,171,533			658,712			911,224			2,003,105			362,626			2,376			3,938,043
Less: intersegment sales		(409,303	)		(535,515	)		(179,692	)		(30,476	)		(657	)		(1,155,643	)		(539,295	)		(706,559	)		(280,750	)		(35,899	)		(606	)		(1,563,109	)

Revenue from external customers		96,127			172,289			1,480,764			265,310			1,400			2,015,890			119,417			204,665			1,722,355			326,727			1,770			2,374,934

Depreciation, depletion and amortization		(169,484	)		(32,319	)		(12,734	)		(21,146	)		(1,692	)		(237,375	)		(169,622	)		(25,318	)		(13,511	)		(21,985	)		(1,840	)		(232,276	)
Including: Impairment losses of property, plant and equipment		(6,565	)		(10,223	)		(7	)		(1,150	)		(2	)		(17,947	)		(26,002	)		(3,393	)		—			(530	)		—			(29,925	)
Profit / (loss) from operations		15,475			39,961			8,279			15,688			(11,681	)		67,722			73,519			44,701			(6,450	)		25,515			(14,343	)		122,942
Finance costs:
Exchange gain																	8,217																		12,701
Exchange loss																	(9,311	)																	(11,581	)
Interest income																	2,901																		3,779
Interest expense																	(22,408	)																	(22,718	)

Total net finance costs																	(20,601	)																	(17,819	)

Share of profit / (loss) of associates and joint ventures		1,716			(89	)		1,501			279			2,561			5,968
Share of profit of associates and joint ventures																				4,224			63			4,214			496			2,650			11,647

Profit before income tax expense																	53,089																		116,770
Income tax expense																	(16,296	)																	(42,790	)

Profit for the year																	36,793																		73,980

Segment assets		1,211,912			318,299			397,813			519,249			1,357,803			3,805,076			1,227,613			324,639			429,854			519,553			1,371,525			3,873,184
Other assets																	26,724																		24,759
Investments in associates and joint ventures		39,517			1,375			11,938			5,534			22,795			81,159			39,235			1,010			17,437			7,022			24,658			89,362
Elimination of intersegment balances^(a)																	(1,508,347	)																	(1,546,428	)

Total assets																	2,404,612																		2,440,877

Capital expenditures		161,997			17,705			10,982			24,529			1,014			216,227			196,109			15,419			17,010			26,502			1,066			256,106
Segment liabilities		525,085			79,989			199,340			120,244			589,460			1,514,118			466,097			59,139			239,187			158,153			566,129			1,488,705
Other liabilities																	70,091																		100,303
Elimination of intersegment balances^(a)																	(560,916	)																	(557,022	)

Total liabilities																	1,023,293																		1,031,986

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)


	Year Ended December 31, 2016																		Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Exploration and Production			Refining and Chemicals			Marketing			Natural Gas and Pipeline			Head Office and Other			Total			Exploration and Production			Refining and Chemicals			Marketing			Natural Gas and Pipeline			Head Office and Other			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Revenue		412,484			582,510			1,301,616			247,477			2,197			2,546,284			505,430			735,486			1,660,456			295,786			2,057			3,199,215
Less: intersegment sales		(335,716	)		(438,853	)		(126,344	)		(27,784	)		(684	)		(929,381	)		(409,303	)		(546,560	)		(179,846	)		(30,550	)		(658	)		(1,166,917	)

Revenue from external customers		76,768			143,657			1,175,272			219,693			1,513			1,616,903			96,127			188,926			1,480,610			265,236			1,399			2,032,298

Depreciation, depletion and amortization		(155,192	)		(25,475	)		(12,891	)		(22,743	)		(1,846	)		(218,147	)		(169,484	)		(32,751	)		(12,734	)		(21,146	)		(1,692	)		(237,807	)
Including: Impairment losses of property, plant and equipment		(882	)		(3,413	)		(2	)		(4,205	)		—			(8,502	)		(6,565	)		(10,223	)		(7	)		(1,150	)		(2	)		(17,947	)
Profit / (loss) from operations		3,148			39,026			11,048			17,885			(10,472	)		60,635			15,475			43,075			8,279			15,688			(11,681	)		70,836
Finance costs:
Exchange gain																	12,828																		8,252
Exchange loss																	(11,571	)																	(9,436	)
Interest income																	2,491																		2,912
Interest expense																	(23,348	)																	(22,841	)

Total net finance costs																	(19,600	)																	(21,113	)

Share of (loss) / profit of associates and joint ventures		(158	)		13			552			204			3,494			4,105
Share of profit / (loss) of associates and joint ventures																				1,716			(89	)		1,501			279			2,561			5,968

Profit before income tax expense																	45,140																		55,691
Income tax expense																	(15,768	)																	(16,296	)

Profit for the year																	29,372																		39,395

Segment assets		1,260,009			324,357			384,123			546,485			1,434,141			3,949,115			1,211,912			327,186			397,813			519,249			1,357,803			3,813,963
Other assets																	25,766																		26,724
Investments in associates and joint ventures		42,398			1,262			10,455			3,305			21,547			78,967			39,517			1,375			11,938			5,534			22,795			81,159
Elimination of intersegment balances^(a)																	(1,657,197	)																	(1,508,347	)

Total assets																	2,396,651																		2,413,499

Capital expenditures		130,248			12,847			7,983			20,340			968			172,386			161,997			17,859			10,982			24,529			1,014			216,381
Segment liabilities		536,284			124,076			183,159			150,855			668,353			1,662,727			525,085			91,632			199,340			120,244			589,460			1,525,761
Other liabilities																	58,839																		70,666
Elimination of intersegment balances^(a)																	(697,650	)																	(560,916	)

Total liabilities																	1,023,916																		1,035,511

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Geographical information


	Revenue						Non-current assets^(b)				Revenue						Non-current assets^(b)
	2018		2017		2016		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		2019		2018		2017		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018^(c)
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Mainland China		1,516,969		1,294,516		1,101,055		1,779,126		1,711,605		1,476,693		1,538,315		1,302,695		2,027,428		1,782,624
Other		836,619		721,374		515,848		192,675		239,204		1,040,117		836,619		729,603		213,268		192,675

		2,353,588		2,015,890		1,616,903		1,971,801		1,950,809		2,516,810		2,374,934		2,032,298		2,240,696		1,975,299

(a)	Elimination of intersegment balances represents elimination of intersegment accounts and investments.

(b)	Non-current assets mainly includenon-current assets other than financial instruments and deferred tax assets.

(c)	The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. Under this approach, the comparative information is not restated (see Note 3(aa)).

4039	APPROVAL OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on April 29, 2020.

40	BUSINESS COMBINATION INVOLVING ENTITIES UNDER COMMON CONTROL

Business combination involving entities under common control during the period

Name of acquiree
Proportion of
equity
interests
acquired in
business
combination
Basis for business
combination under
common control
Acquisition
Date Basis for
determination
of acquisition
date From the beginning of
the period to the
acquisition date 2018
Revenue Net
profit Net cash
outflow Revenue Net
profit
Dalian West Pacific
56.04 % The Company and Dalian West Pacific are under the ultimate control of CNPC before and after the business combination and the control is not temporary May 31,
2019 Acquisition
of actual
control 10,763 1 (53 ) 37,385 1,564
Dalian West Pacific was established in December 1990. It principally engages in the manufacturing and sale of petroleum and petrochemical products. Before the acquisition date, the Company holds 28.44% equity of Dalian West Pacific. After the completion of the equity acquisition, the Company holds 84.48% equity of Dalian West Pacific in total.
As the Company and Dalian West Pacific are under the ultimate control of CNPC and the control is not temporary. The acquisition of Dalian West Pacific has been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as combination of entities under common control. Consequently, Dalian West Pacific has been included in the scope of consolidation during the historical period. The opening balance of the final consolidated financial statements of 2019 and the comparative statements have been adjusted accordingly.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

The financial position as at December 31, 2018 and results of operation for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 previously reported by the Group have been restated to include the assets and liabilities and the results of operations of Dalian West Pacific on a consolidation basis as set out below:

The Group, as
previously
reported Dalian West
Pacific Consolidation
adjustment The Group,
as restated
RMB RMB RMB RMB
Summarized statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2017:

Revenue
2,015,890 27,715 (11,307 ) 2,032,298
Total operating expenses
(1,948,168 ) (24,601 ) 11,307 (1,961,462 )
Profit from operations
67,722 3,114 —   70,836
Profit for the year
36,793 2,602 —   39,395
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company
22,798 2,602 (1,863 ) 23,537
Profit for the year attributable tonon-controlling interests
13,995 —   1,863 15,858
Basic and diluted earnings per share (RMB Yuan)
0.12 0.13
Summarized statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2018:

Revenue
2,353,588 37,385 (16,039 ) 2,374,934
Total operating expenses
(2,232,591 ) (35,440 ) 16,039 (2,251,992 )
Profit from operations
120,997 1,945 —   122,942
Profit for the year
72,416 1,564 —   73,980
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company
52,591 1,564 (1,119 ) 53,036
Profit for the year attributable tonon-controlling interests
19,825 —   1,119 20,944
Basic and diluted earnings per share (RMB Yuan)
0.29 0.29
Summarized financial position as at December 31, 2018:

Current assets
433,128 5,126 (13 ) 438,241
Non-current assets
1,999,138 3,498 —   2,002,636
Total assets
2,432,266 8,624 (13 ) 2,440,877
Current liabilities
586,386 10,057 (13 ) 596,430
Non-current liabilities
435,222 334 —   435,556
Total liabilities
1,021,608 10,391 (13 ) 1,031,986
Non-controlling interests
196,372 —   (1,264 ) 195,108
Total equity attributable to owner of the Company
1,214,286 (1,767 ) 1,264 1,213,783

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

LEASES

The leases where the Group is a lessee

(a)Right-of-use assets

   January 1,
2019    Addition Reduction December 31,
2019
Cost

Land
   153,178    20,471 (752 ) 172,897
Buildings
   83,552    8,368 —   91,920
Equipment and Machinery
   2,295    639 —   2,934
Other
   1,617    451 —   2,068




Total
   240,642    29,929 (752 ) 269,819




Accumulated depreciation

Land
   —      (6,696 ) 101 (6,595 )
Buildings
   —      (7,369 ) —   (7,369 )
Equipment and Machinery
   —      (718 ) —   (718 )
Other
   —      (401 ) —   (401 )




Total
   —      (15,184 ) 101 (15,083 )




Net book value

Land
   153,178    166,302
Buildings
   83,552    84,551
Equipment and Machinery
   2,295    2,216
Other
   1,617    1,667




Total
   240,642    254,736




The Group’s leasing of land principally represents use rights of land, the remaining lease term is from 2 years to 30 years. The Group’s leasing classified as buildings principally represents gas station, gas and gasoline storage and office buildings. The Group’s leasing classified as equipment and machinery principally represents drilling equipment, manufacturing facilities, and other movable equipment.
(b) Lease liabilities
December 31, 2019
Lease liabilities
171,536
Less: Lease liabilities due within one year
(7,393 )
164,143
Depreciation charged to profit or loss provided onright-of-use assets for the year ended December 31, 2019 was RMB 14,973.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Analysis of the undiscounted cash flow of the lease liability is as follows:


	December 31, 2019
	RMB
Within 1 year		14,304
Between 1 and 2 years		13,569
Between 2 and 5 years		37,531
Over 5 years		210,750

		276,154

42	EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD

(1)

Impact ofCOVID-19

January 2020 witnessed an outbreak of COVID-19, and China is set to take its toll on the Chinese economy. The Group was also significantly affected by the COVID-19, such that the market demand for, and the prices of, the Company’s oil and gas products have declined, and the operation and management of oil and gas industrial chain became more complicated and difficult. The Group actively set up an anti-COVID-19 steering team to arrange in time for various steps to be taken in response, safeguarding the health of its employees in addition to safe and well-ordered production and operation, broadening sources of income and reducing expenditure as well as cutting costs and enhancing efficiency, controlling the capital expenditures and costs, optimizing debt settlement structure, actively promoting price promotion, and accelerating the development of domestic natural gas business, thus trying to minimize the loss arising therefrom and ensure sustainable business development in the long run. As of the issuance date of these financial statements, there is still significant uncertainty about the short-term and long-term adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global and Chinese economy and financial markets, as such, we cannot reasonably estimate the short-term or long-term impact of the COVID-19 on the business operation and financial performance of the Group.

(2)

Short-term readjustment of natural gas price

On February 22, 2020, NDRC issued the Notice on Interim Reduction of Gas Cost forNon-resident Use to Support Resumption of Work and Production (Fa Gai Jia Ge [2020] No. 257) (《關於階段性降低非居民用氣成本支持企業復工複產的通知》（發改價格〔2020〕257號）) (the “Notice”) pursuant to which, to act on the government’s guideline in respect of proper coordination ofanti-COVID-19 efforts as well as economic and social development, the cost ofnon-resident use of gas will be lowered in the short term. Starting from the date thereof to June 30, 2020,off-season price policies shall be implemented in advance for the city gate prices of natural gas fornon-resident use, greater price discounts shall be provided to industries, such as chemical fertilizers, which are deeply affected by theCOVID-19, and theend-user prices of natural gas should reduce timely. The sales revenue and profits of natural gas sales of our Group will be affected to certain extent, however, we will go on optimizing our production and operation and pushing ahead sustainable and high-quality business development.

(3)

The price of international crude oil fell sharply

Since the beginning of March 2020, due to unfavorable outlook of the world economy affected by theCOVID-19 and oversupply of crude oil in the global market, international crude oil prices have fallen sharply. The decline in international crude oil prices has adversely affected the Group’s sales revenue and profits, the Group actively takes measures to deal with the risks of crude oil price fluctuations, and strives to maintain stable and healthy development of production and operations.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

In accordance with the Accounting Standards Update2010-03 Extractive Activities – Oil and Gas (Topic 932): Oil and Gas Reserve Estimation and Disclosures (an update of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 932 Extractive Activities – Oil and Gas or “ASC 932”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and corresponding disclosure requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, this section provides supplemental information on oil and gas exploration and development; and results of operation related to oil and gas producing activities of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) and also the Group’s investments that are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.

The supplemental information presented below covers the Group’s proved oil and gas reserves estimates, historical cost information pertaining to capitalized costs, costs incurred for property acquisitions, exploration and development activities, result of operations for oil and gas producing activities, standardized measure of estimated discounted future net cash flows and changes in estimated discounted future net cash flows.

The “Other” geographic area includes oil and gas producing activities principally in countries such as Kazakhstan, Venezuela and Indonesia. As the Group does not have significant reserves held through its investments accounted for using the equity method, information presented in relation to these equity method investments is presented in the aggregate.

Proved Oil and Gas Reserve Estimates

Proved oil and gas reserves cannot be measured exactly. Reserve estimates are based on many factors related to reservoir performance that require evaluation by the engineers interpreting the available data, as well as price and other economic factors. The reliability of these estimates at any point in time depends on both the quality and quantity of the technical and economic data, and the production performance of the reservoirs as well as engineering judgment. Consequently, reserve estimates are subject to revision as additional data become available during the producing life of a reservoir. When a commercial reservoir is discovered, proved reserves are initially determined based on limited data from the first well or wells. Subsequent data may better define the extent of the reservoir and additional production performance, well tests and engineering studies will likely improve the reliability of the reserve estimate. The evolution of technology may also result in the application of improved recovery techniques such as supplemental or enhanced recovery projects, or both, which have the potential to increase reserves.

Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil and natural gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulation before the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether the estimate is a deterministic estimate or probabilistic estimate.

Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the12-month period before the ending date of the period covered by this report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of thefirst-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions. The costs shall be that prevailing at the end of the period.

Proved developed oil and gas reserves are proved reserves that can be expected to be recovered:

Through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared with the cost of a new well.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

b. Through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well.

Proved undeveloped oil and gas reserves are proved reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

The taxes, fees and royalty in China are domestic tax schemes and are paid in cash to PRC authorities. The proved reserves includes quantities that are ultimately produced and sold to pay these taxes, fees and royalty.

Proved reserve estimates as of December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017 were based on reports prepared by DeGolyer and MacNaughton, Gaffney, Cline & Associates, McDaniel & Associates, Ryder Scott and GLJ independent engineering consultants.

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Estimated quantities of net proved crude oil and condensate and natural gas reserves and of changes in net quantities of proved developed and undeveloped reserves for each of the periods indicated are as follows:


	Crude Oil and Condensate			Natural Gas			Total—All products				Crude Oil and Condensate			Natural Gas			Total – All products
	(million barrels)			(billion cubic feet)			(million barrels of oil equivalent)				(million barrels)			(billion cubic feet)			(million barrels of oil equivalent)
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves
The Group
Reserves at December 31, 2015		8,521			77,525			21,442
Changes resulting from:
Revisions of previous estimates		(747	)		(308	)		(799	)
Improved recovery		93			—			93
Extensions and discoveries		492			4,770			1,287
Production		(921	)		(3,275	)		(1,467	)

Reserves at December 31, 2016		7,438			78,712			20,556				7,438			78,712			20,556
Changes resulting from:
Revisions of previous estimates		486			(1,751	)		195				486			(1,751	)		195
Improved recovery		98			—			98				98			—			98
Extensions and discoveries		346			3,350			905				346			3,350			905
Production		(887	)		(3,423	)		(1,458	)			(887	)		(3,423	)		(1,458	)

Reserves at December 31, 2017		7,481			76,888			20,296				7,481			76,888			20,296
Changes resulting from:
Revisions of previous estimates		526			(1,378	)		297				526			(1,378	)		297
Improved recovery		96			—			96				96			—			96
Extensions and discoveries		428			4,565			1,188				428			4,565			1,188
Production		(890	)		(3,608	)		(1,492	)			(890	)		(3,608	)		(1,492	)

Reserves at December 31, 2018		7,641			76,467			20,385				7,641			76,467			20,385

Changes resulting from:
Revisions of previous estimates										��		(50	)		(766	)		(177	)
Improved recovery												91			—			91
Extensions and discoveries												480			4,443			1,221
Production												(909	)		(3,908	)		(1,561	)

Reserves at December 31, 2019												7,253			76,236			19,959

Proved developed reserves at:
December 31, 2016		5,176			40,664			11,953
December 31, 2017		5,593			39,243			12,133				5,593			39,243			12,133
December 31, 2018		5,843			40,128			12,531				5,843			40,128			12,531
December 31, 2019												5,474			39,870			12,119
Proved undeveloped reserves at:
December 31, 2016		2,262			38,048			8,603
December 31, 2017		1,888			37,645			8,163				1,888			37,645			8,163
December 31, 2018		1,798			36,339			7,854				1,798			36,339			7,854
December 31, 2019												1,779			36,366			7,840
Equity method investments
Share of proved developed and undeveloped reserves of associates and joint ventures
December 31, 2016		504			348			562
December 31, 2017		395			372			457				395			372			457
December 31, 2018		321			429			393				321			429			393
December 31, 2019												287			394			353

At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, total proved developed and undeveloped reserves of the Group and equity method investments is ~~20,778~~20,312 million barrels of oil equivalent (December 31, ~~2017: 20,753~~2018: 20,778 million barrels of oil

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

equivalent, December 31, ~~2016: 21,118~~2017: 20,753 million barrels of oil equivalent), comprising ~~7,962~~7,540 million barrels of crude oil and condensate (December 31, ~~2017:7,876~~2018: 7,962 million barrels, December 31, ~~2016: 7,942~~2017: 7,876 million barrels) and ~~76,896~~76,630 billion cubic feet of natural gas (December 31, ~~2017: 77,260~~2018: 76,896 billion cubic feet, December 31, ~~2016: 79,060~~2017: 77,260 billion cubic feet).

At December 31, ~~2018, 6,830~~2019, 6,500 million barrels (December 31, ~~2017: 6,622~~2018: 6,830 million barrels, December 31, ~~2016: 6,341~~2017: 6,622 million barrels) of crude oil and condensate and ~~74,480~~74,533 billion cubic feet (December 31, ~~2017: 74,702~~2018: 74,480 billion cubic feet, December 31, ~~2016: 76,245~~2017: 74,702 billion cubic feet) of natural gas proved developed and undeveloped reserves of the Group are located within Mainland China, and ~~811~~753 million barrels (December 31, ~~2017: 859~~2018: 811 million barrels, December 31, ~~2016: 1,097~~2017: 859 million barrels) of crude oil and condensate and ~~1,987~~1,703 billion cubic feet (December 31, ~~2017: 2,186~~2018: 1,987 billion cubic feet, December 31, ~~2016: 2,467~~2017: 2,186 billion cubic feet) of natural gas proved developed and undeveloped reserves of the Group are located overseas.

Capitalized Costs


	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
The Group
Property costs and producing assets		1,692,861			1,604,141			1,820,481			1,692,861
Support facilities		420,505			407,188			440,722			420,505
Construction-in-progress		119,501			101,067			149,068			119,501

Total capitalized costs		2,232,867			2,112,396			2,410,271			2,232,867
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization		(1,312,907	)		(1,199,741	)		(1,429,389	)		(1,312,907	)

Net capitalized costs		919,960			912,655			980,882			919,960

Equity method investments
Share of net capitalized costs of associates and joint ventures		25,963			25,837			24,785			25,963

Costs Incurred for Property Acquisitions, Exploration and Development Activities


	2018						2019
	Mainland China		Other		Total		Mainland China		Other		Total
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
The Group
Exploration costs		33,618		1,546		35,164		41,687		1,972		43,659
Development costs		134,634		25,047		159,681		166,321		21,375		187,696

Total		168,252		26,593		194,845		208,008		23,347		231,355

Equity method investments
Share of costs of property acquisition, exploration and development of associates and joint ventures		—		3,114		3,114		—		2,178		2,178

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)


	2017						2018
	Mainland China		Other		Total		Mainland China		Other		Total
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
The Group
Exploration costs		31,585		984		32,569		33,618		1,546		35,164
Development costs		110,104		18,596		128,700		134,634		25,047		159,681

Total		141,689		19,580		161,269		168,252		26,593		194,845

Equity method investments
Share of costs of property acquisition, exploration and development of associates and joint ventures		—		2,503		2,503		—		3,114		3,114


	2016						2017
	Mainland China		Other		Total		Mainland China		Other		Total
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
The Group
Exploration costs		28,413		685		29,098		31,585		984		32,569
Development costs		83,785		13,870		97,655		110,104		18,596		128,700

Total		112,198		14,555		126,753		141,689		19,580		161,269

Equity method investments
Share of costs of property acquisition, exploration and development of associates and joint ventures		—		1,990		1,990		—		2,503		2,503

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities

The results of operations for oil and gas producing activities for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017 are presented below. “Revenue” includes sales to third parties and inter-segment sales (atarm’s-length prices), net of value-added taxes. Resource tax, crude oil special gain levy and other taxes are included in “taxes other than income taxes”. Income taxes are computed using the applicable statutory tax rate, reflecting tax deductions and tax credits for the respective years ended.


	2018									2019
	Mainland China			Other			Total			Mainland China			Other			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
The Group
Revenue
Sales to third parties		46,051			57,975			104,026			44,001			50,611			94,612
Inter-segment sales		381,740			4,542			386,282			379,968			14,956			394,924

											423,969			65,567			489,536
Production costs excluding taxes		(118,979	)		(9,761	)		(128,740	)		(127,900	)		(11,011	)		(138,911	)
Exploration expenses		(17,767	)		(959	)		(18,726	)		(19,821	)		(954	)		(20,775	)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		(120,378	)		(33,008	)		(153,386	)		(115,648	)		(24,792	)		(140,440	)
Taxes other than income taxes		(30,140	)		(6,262	)		(36,402	)		(24,876	)		(5,853	)		(30,729	)
Accretion expense		(5,483	)		(195	)		(5,678	)		(5,294	)		(231	)		(5,525	)
Income taxes		(25,991	)		(10,114	)		(36,105	)		(24,085	)		(11,729	)		(35,814	)

Results of operations from producing activities		109,053			2,218			111,271			106,345			10,997			117,342

Equity method investments
Share of profit for producing activities of associates and joint ventures		—			3,867			3,867			—			3,253			3,253

Total of the Group and equity method investments results of operations for producing activities		109,053			6,085			115,138			106,345			14,250			120,595

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)


	2017									2018
	Mainland China			Other			Total			Mainland China			Other			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
The Group
Revenue
Sales to third parties		39,588			39,330			78,918			46,051			57,975			104,026
Inter-segment sales		305,336			5,082			310,418			381,740			4,542			386,282

		344,924			44,412			389,336			427,791			62,517			490,308
Production costs excluding taxes		(112,182	)		(7,830	)		(120,012	)		(118,979	)		(9,761	)		(128,740	)
Exploration expenses		(16,732	)		(7,152	)		(23,884	)		(17,767	)		(959	)		(18,726	)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		(135,703	)		(18,436	)		(154,139	)		(120,378	)		(33,008	)		(153,386	)
Taxes other than income taxes		(20,624	)		(3,534	)		(24,158	)		(30,140	)		(6,262	)		(36,402	)
Accretion expense		(5,212	)		(241	)		(5,453	)		(5,483	)		(195	)		(5,678	)
Income taxes		(12,098	)		(3,667	)		(15,765	)		(25,991	)		(10,114	)		(36,105	)

Results of operations from producing activities		42,373			3,552			45,925			109,053			2,218			111,271

Equity method investments
Share of profit for producing activities of associates and joint ventures		—			2,050			2,050			—			3,867			3,867

Total of the Group and equity method investments results of operations for producing activities		42,373			5,602			47,975			109,053			6,085			115,138


	2016									2017
	Mainland China			Other			Total			Mainland China			Other			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
The Group
Revenue
Sales to third parties		32,674			33,033			65,707			39,588			39,330			78,918
Inter-segment sales		245,091			2,898			247,989			305,336			5,082			310,418

		277,765			35,931			313,696			344,924			44,412			389,336
Production costs excluding taxes		(110,977	)		(7,233	)		(118,210	)		(112,182	)		(7,830	)		(120,012	)
Exploration expenses		(17,952	)		(624	)		(18,576	)		(16,732	)		(7,152	)		(23,884	)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		(123,268	)		(18,973	)		(142,241	)		(135,703	)		(18,436	)		(154,139	)
Taxes other than income taxes		(16,056	)		(3,133	)		(19,189	)		(20,624	)		(3,534	)		(24,158	)
Accretion expense		(4,930	)		(196	)		(5,126	)		(5,212	)		(241	)		(5,453	)
Income taxes		(2,150	)		(1,161	)		(3,311	)		(12,098	)		(3,667	)		(15,765	)

Results of operations from producing activities		2,432			4,611			7,043			42,373			3,552			45,925

Equity method investments
Share of profit for producing activities of associates and joint ventures		—			649			649			—			2,050			2,050

Total of the Group and equity method investments results of operations for producing activities		2,432			5,260			7,692			42,373			5,602			47,975

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows

The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows related to proved oil and gas reserves at December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017 is based on the prices used in estimating the Group’s proved oil and gas reserves,year-end costs, currently enacted tax rates related to existing proved oil and gas reserves and a 10% annual discount factor. “Future cash inflows” are net of value-added taxes. Corporate income taxes are included in “future income tax expense”. Other taxes are included in “future production costs” as production taxes.

The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows related to proved oil and gas reserves at December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017 is as follows:


	RMB
The Group
At December 31, 2019
Future cash inflows		5,872,624
Future production costs		(1,947,039	)
Future development costs		(640,281	)
Future income tax expense		(746,506	)

Future net cash flows		2,538,798
Discount at 10% for estimated timing of cash flows		(1,213,729	)

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows		1,325,069



	RMB
The Group
At December 31, 2018
Future cash inflows		6,234,378
Future production costs		(2,087,979	)
Future development costs		(556,893	)
Future income tax expense		(809,594	)

Future net cash flows		2,779,912
Discount at 10% for estimated timing of cash flows		(1,397,846	)

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows		1,382,066


	RMB
The Group
At December 31, 2017
Future cash inflows		5,287,272
Future production costs		(1,909,890	)
Future development costs		(571,125	)
Future income tax expense		(594,085	)

Future net cash flows		2,212,172
Discount at 10% for estimated timing of cash flows		(1,187,646	)

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows		1,024,526


	~~RMB~~
~~The Group~~
~~At December 31, 2016~~
~~Future cash inflows~~		~~4,585,822~~
~~Future production costs~~		~~(1,896,044~~	)
~~Future development costs~~		~~(553,558~~	)
~~Future income tax expense~~		~~(447,997~~	)

~~Future net cash flows~~		~~1,688,223~~
~~Discount at 10% for estimated timing of cash flows~~		~~(931,412~~	)

~~Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows~~		~~756,811~~

PETROCHINA COMPANY LIMITED

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION

AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) — (Continued)

(All amounts in millions, except for the per share data and otherwise stated)

At December 31, ~~2018,~~2019, RMB 1,278,180 (December 31, 2018: RMB 1,320,478, ~~(December~~December 31, 2017: RMB ~~979,330, December 31, 2016: RMB 731,206)~~979,330) of standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows related to proved oil and gas reserves located within mainland China and RMB 46,889 (December 31, 2018: RMB 61,588, ~~(December~~December 31, 2017: RMB ~~45,196, December 31, 2016: RMB 25,605)~~45,196) of standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows related to proved oil and gas reserves located overseas.

Share of standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows of associates and joint ventures:


December 31, 2019			20,356
December 31, 2018			24,805
December 31, 2017			17,345
~~December 31, 2016~~			~~13,550~~

Changes in Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows

Changes in the standardized measure of discounted net cash flows for the Group for each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 ~~2017~~ and ~~2016~~2017 are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,									Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016			2019			2018			2017
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
The Group
Beginning of the year		1,024,526			756,811			1,061,375			1,382,066			1,024,526			756,811
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production costs		(308,217	)		(232,387	)		(167,108	)		(303,222	)		(308,217	)		(232,387	)
Net changes in prices and production costs and other		510,325			367,132			(370,257	)		(87,046	)		510,325			367,132
Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery		129,824			77,249			81,248			134,631			129,824			77,249
Development costs incurred		39,725			38,613			32,918			53,450			39,725			38,613
Revisions of previous quantity estimates		10,018			14,555			(61,816	)		(17,380	)		10,018			14,555
Accretion of discount		103,225			76,860			113,324			149,693			103,225			76,860
Net change in income taxes		(127,360	)		(74,307	)		67,127			12,877			(127,360	)		(74,307	)

End of the year		1,382,066			1,024,526			756,811			1,325,069			1,382,066			1,024,526

~~F-70~~F-79


	Crude Oil Average Realized Prices (RMB/ton)		Natural Gas⁽¹⁾ Average Realized Prices (RMB/Kilostere)		Average Lifting Cost (US$/BOE)
2016
Overall		1,865		1,099		11.67
—China		1,831		1,146		13.00
2017
Overall		2,526		1,235		11.53
—China		2,494		1,225		12.71
2018
Overall		3,338		1,367		12.31
—China		3,350		1,338		13.55


	The Group
	Before adjustment^Note		Amount of adjustment			Adjusted amount
Property, plant and equipment		1,709,388		(527	)		1,708,861
Right-of-use assets		—		240,642			240,642
Advance operating lease payments		78,240		(76,374	)		1,866
Prepayments and other current assets		89,345		(903	)		88,442

Total assets				162,838

Lease liabilities (include liabilities due within one year)		—		163,196			163,196
Other long-term obligations		16,339		(358	)		15,981

Total liabilities				162,838


2018 Type of contract	Exploration and Production			Refining and Chemicals			Marketing			Natural Gas and Pipeline			Head Office and Other			Total
Type of goods and services
Crude oil		477,512			—			440,560			—			—			918,072
Natural gas		104,927			—			222,387			256,810			—			584,124
Refined products		—			739,532			1,285,065			—			—			2,024,597
Chemical products		—			164,229			30,894			—			—			195,123
Pipeline transportation business		—			—			—			70,068			—			70,068
Non-oil sales in gas stations		—			—			22,274			—			—			22,274
Others		76,044			7,292			1,722			35,545			2,372			122,975
Intersegment elimination		(539,295	)		(706,559	)		(280,750	)		(35,899	)		(606	)		(1,563,109	)

Revenue from contracts with customers		119,188			204,494			1,722,152			326,524			1,766			2,374,124

Other revenue																	810

Total																	2,374,934

Geographical Region
Mainland China		41,791			204,494			962,950			326,524			1,766			1,537,525
Others		77,397			—			759,202			—			—			836,599

Revenue from contracts with customers		119,188			204,494			1,722,152			326,524			1,766			2,374,124

Other revenue																	810

Total																	2,374,934


Year Ended December 31, 2019	Buildings			Oil and Gas Properties			Equipment and Machinery			Motor Vehicles			Other			Construction in Progress			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Cost
At beginning of the year		237,038			2,113,366			1,102,423			27,911			34,080			226,623			3,741,441
Additions		1,330			5,990			6,111			1,325			752			283,170			298,678
Transfers		21,265			174,749			52,449			—			1,234			(249,697	)		—
Disposals or write offs		(7,605	)		(40,253	)		(7,528	)		(2,096	)		(549	)		(8,900	)		(66,931	)
Currency translation differences		146			7,351			161			8			638			4,106			12,410

At end of the year		252,174			2,261,203			1,153,616			27,148			36,155			255,302			3,985,598

Accumulated depreciation and impairment
At beginning of the year		(100,767	)		(1,312,907	)		(570,120	)		(20,276	)		(21,714	)		(6,269	)		(2,032,053	)
Charge for the year and others		(11,402	)		(128,859	)		(50,360	)		(1,386	)		(1,365	)		—			(193,372	)
Impairment charge		(237	)		(11,562	)		(1,159	)		(4	)		(38	)		(419	)		(13,419	)
Disposals or write offs or transfers		4,532			28,241			5,945			1,724			436			491			41,369
Currency translation differences		(69	)		(4,302	)		(76	)		(5	)		(411	)		(36	)		(4,899	)

At end of the year		(107,943	)		(1,429,389	)		(615,770	)		(19,947	)		(23,092	)		(6,233	)		(2,202,374	)

Net book value
At end of the year		144,231			831,814			537,846			7,201			13,063			249,069			1,783,224


Year Ended December 31, 2018	Buildings			Oil and Gas Properties			Equipment and Machinery			Motor Vehicles			Other			Construction in Progress			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Cost
At beginning of the year		226,107			2,011,329			1,058,011			28,990			32,631			199,873			3,556,941
Additions		650			10,217			3,584			1,113			649			238,691			254,904
Transfers		15,880			146,012			42,223			—			1,539			(205,654	)		—
Disposals or write offs		(6,415	)		(57,281	)		(12,425	)		(2,184	)		(506	)		(8,579	)		(87,390	)
Currency translation differences		(90	)		3,089			373			(8	)		(233	)		2,263			5,394

At end of the year		236,132			2,113,366			1,091,766			27,911			34,080			226,594			3,729,849

Accumulated depreciation and impairment
At beginning of the year		(93,765	)		(1,199,741	)		(519,089	)		(20,296	)		(18,230	)		(3,007	)		(1,854,128	)
Charge for the year and others		(9,995	)		(131,023	)		(49,281	)		(1,629	)		(1,875	)		—			(193,803	)
Impairment charge		(759	)		(19,856	)		(3,937	)		(37	)		(2,066	)		(3,270	)		(29,925	)
Disposals or write offs or transfers		4,095			42,218			9,923			1,676			358			55			58,325
Currency translation differences		78			(4,505	)		(52	)		10			99			(47	)		(4,417	)

At end of the year		(100,346	)		(1,312,907	)		(562,436	)		(20,276	)		(21,714	)		(6,269	)		(2,023,948	)

Net book value
At end of the year		135,786			800,459			529,330			7,635			12,366			220,325			1,705,901


Year Ended December 31, 2017	Buildings			Oil and Gas Properties			Equipment and Machinery			Motor Vehicles			Other			Construction in Progress			Total
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Cost
At beginning of the year		214,710			1,909,213			990,832			29,227			22,268			229,371			3,395,621
Additions		1,042			9,193			3,995			824			528			204,159			219,741
Transfers		13,913			124,257			75,284			—			10,506			(223,960	)		—
Disposals or write offs		(3,280	)		(21,746	)		(11,061	)		(1,032	)		(441	)		(9,455	)		(47,015	)
Currency translation differences		(278	)		(9,588	)		(1,039	)		(29	)		(230	)		(242	)		(11,406	)

At end of the year		226,107			2,011,329			1,058,011			28,990			32,631			199,873			3,556,941

Accumulated depreciation and impairment
At beginning of the year		(85,323	)		(1,063,500	)		(469,475	)		(19,467	)		(11,971	)		(6,340	)		(1,656,076	)
Charge for the year and others		(9,968	)		(150,178	)		(49,509	)		(1,754	)		(1,857	)		—			(213,266	)
Impairment charge		(659	)		(3,961	)		(10,300	)		(3	)		(2,715	)		(309	)		(17,947	)
Disposals or write offs or transfers		2,075			11,426			9,663			921			(1,699	)		3,664			26,050
Currency translation differences		110			6,472			532			7			12			(22	)		7,111

At end of the year		(93,765	)		(1,199,741	)		(519,089	)		(20,296	)		(18,230	)		(3,007	)		(1,854,128	)

Net book value
At end of the year		132,342			811,588			538,922			8,694			14,401			196,866			1,702,813


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
	RMB		RMB
One year or less		17,542		15,231
Over one year		9,363		7,612

Balance at December 31		26,905		22,843


	China Marine Bunker (PetroChina) Co., Ltd.				Arrow Energy Holdings Pty Ltd.						Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Co., Ltd.
	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
	RMB		RMB		RMB			RMB			RMB		RMB
Percentage ownership interest (%)		50.00		50.00		50.00			50.00			50.00		50.00
Non-current assets		1,893		1,942		24,162			25,429			34,584		31,527
Current assets		7,313		6,449		627			540			3,330		3,957
Including: cash and cash equivalents		1,368		1,277		95			91			81		3,955
Non-current liabilities		152		232		19,772			21,569			2,100		2,100
Including:Non-current financial liabilities excluding trade and other payables and provisions		20		—		16,604			17,890			2,100		2,100
Current liabilities		6,091		5,309		4,624			583			267		343
Including: Current financial liabilities excluding trade and other payables and provisions		3,796		1,894		4,169			192			—		—

Net assets		2,963		2,850		393			3,817			35,547		33,041

Net assets attributable to owners of the Company		2,702		2,630		393			3,817			35,547		33,041
Group’s share of net assets		1,351		1,315		197			1,909			17,774		16,521
Elimination of transactions with the Group		—		—		(58	)		(52	)		—		—

Carrying amount of interest in joint ventures		1,351		1,315		139			1,857			17,774		16,521


	China Marine Bunker (PetroChina) Co., Ltd.				Mangistau Investment B.V.				Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Co., Ltd.
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Percentage ownership interest (%)		50.00		50.00		50.00		50.00		50.00		50.00
Non-current assets		1,750		1,893		11,980		11,642		43,258		34,584
Current assets		8,666		7,313		1,211		780		2,680		3,330
Including: cash and cash equivalents		1,206		1,368		292		265		73		81
Non-current liabilities		152		152		3,062		2,740		2,355		2,100
Including:Non-current financial liabilities		5		20		907		892		2,100		2,100
Current liabilities		7,349		6,091		567		868		445		267
Including: Current financial liabilities excluding trade and other payables		3,599		3,796		—		—		—		—

Net assets		2,915		2,963		9,562		8,814		43,138		35,547

Net assets attributable to owners of the Company		2,672		2,702		9,562		8,814		43,138		35,547
Group’s share of net assets		1,336		1,351		4,781		4,407		21,569		17,774
Carrying amount of interest in joint ventures		1,336		1,351		4,781		4,407		21,569		17,774


	China Marine Bunker (PetroChina) Co., Ltd.									Arrow Energy Holdings Pty Ltd.									Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Co., Ltd.
	2018			2017			2016			2018			2017			2016			2018			2017			From the closing date to Dec 31, 2016
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Revenue		43,924			31,770			23,336			1,529			1,449			1,135			14			16			84
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		(90	)		(93	)		(92	)		(825	)		(883	)		(624	)		(4	)		(3	)		(3	)
Interest income		18			12			9			2			2			5			59			65			55
Interest expense		(96	)		(39	)		(45	)		(1,285	)		(1,300	)		(1,307	)		(46	)		(43	)		(32	)
Income tax expense		(37	)		(44	)		(47	)		—			—			—			10			—			(1	)
Net profit / (loss)		126			116			101			(1,897	)		(5,518	)		(3,718	)		1,931			4,612			(620	)
Total comprehensive income		151			87			171			(3,435	)		(3,445	)		(3,402	)		2,505			4,502			(514	)
Group’s share of total comprehensive income		76			43			68			(1,718	)		(1,723	)		(1,701	)		1,253			2,251			(257	)

Dividends received by the Group		8			—			9			—			—			—			—			—			—


	~~December 31, 2017~~
	~~RMB~~
~~Available-for-sale~~ ~~financial assets~~		~~2,251~~
~~Less: Impairment losses~~		~~(334~~	)

		~~1,917~~


	~~December 31, 2018~~
	~~RMB~~
~~China Pacific Insurance (Group) Co.,Ltd.~~		~~139~~
~~Chengdu Huaqi Houpu Holding Co.,Ltd.~~		~~114~~
~~Other items~~		~~485~~

		~~738~~


	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	RMB		RMB
China Pacific Insurance (Group) Co., Ltd.		185		139
Chengdu Huaqi Houpu Holding Co., Ltd.		191		114
Other items		546		485

		922		738


	CNPC Exploration and Development Company Limited				PetroChina Pipelines Co., Ltd.
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	RMB		RMB		RMB		RMB
Percentage ownership interest (%)		50.00		50.00		72.26		72.26
Current assets		20,604		21,463		4,306		4,604
Non-current assets		186,792		166,155		228,623		224,163
Current liabilities		18,911		14,525		7,631		7,531
Non-current liabilities		25,326		25,967		9,616		6,095

Net assets		163,159		147,126		215,682		215,141


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
	RMB		RMB
Land use rights		58,858		55,095
Advance lease payments		19,382		18,801

		78,240		73,896


	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
	RMB			RMB
Crude oil and other raw materials		56,548			48,936
Work in progress		13,773			12,811
Finished goods		109,067			83,908
Spare parts and consumables		53			170

		179,441			145,825
Less: Write down in inventories		(4,855	)		(1,156	)

		174,586			144,669


	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
	RMB			RMB
Other receivables		18,888			16,535
Advances to suppliers		17,801			10,384

		36,689			26,919
Less: Provision for impairment		(3,412	)		(2,824	)

		33,277			24,095
Value-added tax to be deducted		42,153			39,203
Prepaid expenses		1,064			951
Prepaid income taxes		1,261			—
Other current assets		10,839			7,765

		88,594			72,014


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
	RMB		RMB
Short-term borrowings excluding current portion of long-term borrowings		62,368		93,881
Current portion of long-term borrowings		75,370		81,536

		137,738		175,417
Long-term borrowings		269,422		289,858

		407,160		465,275


	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
	RMB			RMB
Total borrowings:
— interest free		129			130
— at fixed rates		201,607			253,369
— at floating rates		205,424			211,776

		407,160			465,275

Weighted average effective interest rates:
— bank loans		3.39	%		2.42	%
— corporate debentures		3.39	%		3.62	%
— medium-term notes		3.68	%		3.81	%
— other loans		4.07	%		3.87	%


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
	RMB		RMB
No later than 1 year		12,664		11,519
Later than 1 year and no later than 5 years		39,222		37,033
Later than 5 years		176,049		180,833

		227,935		229,385


	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
	RMB		RMB
Accounts receivable		10,939		10,219
Prepayments and other receivables		11,458		8,987
Other current assets		7,852		5,794
Othernon-current assets		16,511		14,848
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		64,473		66,001
Contract liabilities		568		—
Othernon-current liabilities		2,296		3,053


	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018^Note
	RMB		RMB
Accounts receivable		12,784		11,896
Prepayments and other receivables		11,441		11,467
Other current assets		11,951		7,852
Othernon-current assets		16,242		16,511
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		61,205		64,511
Contract liabilities		792		568
Lease liabilities		139,250		—
Othernon-current liabilities		827		2,296


	Year End December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	RMB’000		RMB’000		RMB’000
Emoluments and other benefits		13,385		11,779		12,549
Contribution to retirement benefit scheme		1,781		1,645		1,712

		15,166		13,424		14,261


	The Group, as previously reported			Dalian West Pacific			Consolidation adjustment			The Group, as restated
	RMB			RMB			RMB			RMB
Summarized statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2017:
Revenue		2,015,890			27,715			(11,307	)		2,032,298
Total operating expenses		(1,948,168	)		(24,601	)		11,307			(1,961,462	)
Profit from operations		67,722			3,114			—			70,836
Profit for the year		36,793			2,602			—			39,395
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company		22,798			2,602			(1,863	)		23,537
Profit for the year attributable tonon-controlling interests		13,995			—			1,863			15,858
Basic and diluted earnings per share (RMB Yuan)		0.12									0.13

Summarized statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2018:
Revenue		2,353,588			37,385			(16,039	)		2,374,934
Total operating expenses		(2,232,591	)		(35,440	)		16,039			(2,251,992	)
Profit from operations		120,997			1,945			—			122,942
Profit for the year		72,416			1,564			—			73,980
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company		52,591			1,564			(1,119	)		53,036
Profit for the year attributable tonon-controlling interests		19,825			—			1,119			20,944
Basic and diluted earnings per share (RMB Yuan)		0.29									0.29

Summarized financial position as at December 31, 2018:
Current assets		433,128			5,126			(13	)		438,241
Non-current assets		1,999,138			3,498			—			2,002,636
Total assets		2,432,266			8,624			(13	)		2,440,877
Current liabilities		586,386			10,057			(13	)		596,430
Non-current liabilities		435,222			334			—			435,556
Total liabilities		1,021,608			10,391			(13	)		1,031,986
Non-controlling interests		196,372			—			(1,264	)		195,108
Total equity attributable to owner of the Company		1,214,286			(1,767	)		1,264			1,213,783


	January 1, 2019		Addition			Reduction			December 31, 2019
Cost
Land		153,178		20,471			(752	)		172,897
Buildings		83,552		8,368			—			91,920
Equipment and Machinery		2,295		639			—			2,934
Other		1,617		451			—			2,068

Total		240,642		29,929			(752	)		269,819


Accumulated depreciation
Land		—		(6,696	)		101			(6,595	)
Buildings		—		(7,369	)		—			(7,369	)
Equipment and Machinery		—		(718	)		—			(718	)
Other		—		(401	)		—			(401	)

Total		—		(15,184	)		101			(15,083	)


Net book value
Land		153,178								166,302
Buildings		83,552								84,551
Equipment and Machinery		2,295								2,216
Other		1,617								1,667

Total		240,642								254,736


	December 31, 2019
Lease liabilities		171,536
Less: Lease liabilities due within one year		(7,393	)

		164,143