UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM20-F

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182020

Commission File Number0-99

PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Mexican Petroleum United Mexican States

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

 (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Avenida Marina Nacional No. 329

Colonia Verónica Anzures

11300 Ciudad de México, México

(Address of principal executive offices)

Vanessa Julia Ramírez InchesLucero Angélica Medina González

(5255) 9126-2940

ri@pemex.com

Avenida Marina Nacional No. 329

Torre Ejecutiva, Piso 38 Colonia Verónica Anzures

11300 Ciudad de México, México

(Name, telephone,e-mail and/or facsimile number

and address of company contact person)

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act. None

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act. None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

Title of Each Class

 

8.00% Guaranteed5.50% Notes due 2019

3.500% Notes due 2020

6.000% Notes due 2020

2021
 6.375% Notes due 2021

5.50%5.375% Notes due 2021

2022
 4.875% Notes due 2022

5.375% Notes8.625% Bonds due 2022

 Floating Rate Notes due 2022

8.625% Bonds4.625% Notes due 2022

2023
 3.500% Notes due 2023

4.625%4.875% Notes due 2023

2024
 8.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2023

4.875%4.500% Notes due 2024

2026
 4.250% Notes due 2025
6.490% Notes due 2027

4.500%6.875% Notes due 2026

6.875% Notes due 2026

9.50% Guaranteed Bonds due 2027

9.50% Global Guaranteed Bonds due 2027

6.500% Notes due 2027

 5.350% Notes due 2028

6.500% Notes due 2027

6.840% Notes due 2030
6.500% Notes due 2029

 6.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2035

6.625% Guaranteed Bonds5.950% Notes due 2038

2031
 6.500% Bonds due 2041

5.50%6.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2044

2038
 6.375% Bonds due 2045
5.50% Bonds due 2044

5.625% Bonds due 2046

6.750% Bonds due 2047

6.350% Bonds due 2048

7.690% Bonds due 2050

6.950% Bonds due 2060
 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is awell-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

YesNo

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

YesNo

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

YesNo

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

YesNo

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, anon-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer    Accelerated filer    Non-accelerated filer    Emerging growth company

Large accelerated filerAccelerated filerNon-accelerated filerEmerging growth company

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

†The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.    

Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP            IFRS as issued by the IASB            Other

U.S. GAAP  IFRS as issued by the IASBOther  

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

YesNo

 

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Item 1.

 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers   5 

Item 2.

 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable   5 

Item 3.

 Key Information   5 

Item 4.

 Information on the Company   1617 

Item 4A.

 Unresolved Staff Comments   10797 

Item 5.

 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects   10797 

Item 6.

 Directors, Senior Management and Employees   139122 

Item 7.

 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions   156135 

Item 8.

 Financial Information Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information   158136 

Item 9.

 The Offer and Listing   163139 

Item 10.

 Additional Information   163139 

Item 11.

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk   170146 

Item 12.

 Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities   181156 

Item 13.

 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies   182156 

Item 14.

 Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds   182156 

Item 15.

 Controls and Procedures   182157 

Item 16A.

 Audit Committee Financial Expert   185158 

Item 16B.

 Code of Ethics   185158 

Item 16C.

 Principal Accountant Fees and Services   186159 

Item 16D.

 Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees   187160 

Item 16E.

 Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers   187160 

Item 16F.

 Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant   187160 

Item 16G.

 Corporate Governance   188160 

Item 16H.

 Mine Safety Disclosure   188160 

Item 17.

 Financial Statements   189160 

Item 18.

 Financial Statements   189160 

Item 19.

 Exhibits   189160 

i


EXPLANATORY NOTE

In the process of the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, we identified errors in certain costs and expenses used for the determination of the value in use of some cash generating units of Pemex Exploration and Production for the assessment of the impairment of long-term assets as of December 31, 2019. This resulted in a different value in use in some cash generating units and thus, an increase in the value of wells, pipelines, plants and platforms as of December 31, 2019 in the amount of Ps. 65.8 billion and a favorable impact on our results of operation for 2019, for the same amount. Accordingly, we adjusted our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 to correct this error. See Note 4-B to our consolidated financial statements included herein.


Petróleos Mexicanos and its sixthree subsidiary entities, which we refer to as the subsidiary entities,Pemex ExploracióExploración y ProduccióProducción (Pemex Exploration and Production),Pemex TransformacióTransformación Industrial (Pemex Industrial Transformation), and Pemex PerforaciLogística (Pemex Logistics), comprise the state oil and gas company of the United Mexican States, which we refer to as Mexico. Petróleos Mexicanos is a productive state-owned company of the Federal Government of Mexico, which we refer to as the Mexican Government, and each of the subsidiary entities is a productive state-owned subsidiary of Mexico. Each of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities is a legal entity empowered to own property and carry on business in its own name. In addition, a number of subsidiary companies that are defined in Note 3-a and listed in Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements incorporated in Item 18, which we refer to as our subsidiary companies, are incorporated into the consolidated financial statements; these subsidiary companies are also identified with their corresponding ownership percentages in “––Consolidated Structure of PEMEX” on page 8. Petróleos Mexicanos, the subsidiary entities and the subsidiary companies are collectively referred to as “PEMEX” or “we.” See “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development—Corporate Structure” for more details.

References herein to “U.S. $,” “$,” “U.S. dollars” or “dollars” are to United States dollars. References herein to “pesos” or “Ps.” are to the legal currency of Mexico. References herein to “euros” or “€” are to the legal currency of the European Economic and Monetary Union. References herein to “pounds sterling” or “£” are to the legal currency of the United Kingdom. References herein to “Swiss francs” are to the legal currency of the Swiss Confederation. References herein to “Japanese yen” or “¥” are to the legal currency of Japan. References herein to “Australian dollars” are to the legal currency of Australia. The term “billion” as used herein means one thousand million.

Our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. We refer in this report to “International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board” as IFRS. In addition, these financial statements were audited in accordance with the International Standards on Auditing, as required by the óLey del Mercado de Valores (Securities Market Law) and the Disposiciones de carácter general aplicables a las emisoras de valores y a otros participantes del mercado de valores (General Provisions applicable to issuers of securities and other participants in the securities market) in each case, of Mexico, for purposes of filing with the ComisiónNacional Bancaria y de Valores (National Banking and Securities Commission, or the CNBV) and the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, S.A.B. de C.V. (Mexican Stock Exchange), and in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or PCAOB, for purposes of filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.

The regulations of the SEC do not require foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS to reconcile such financial statements to United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, which we refer to as U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, while we have in the past reconciled our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Normas de Información Financiera Mexicanas (Mexican Financial Reporting Standards) to U.S. GAAP, those reconciliations are no longer presented in our filings with the SEC. We do, however, continue to provide the disclosure required under the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 932 “Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas” (which we refer to as ASC Topic 932), as this is required regardless of the basis of accounting on which we prepare our financial statements.

We maintain our consolidated financial statements and accounting records in pesos. Unless otherwise indicated, we have translated all peso amounts to U.S. dollars in this Form 20-F, including all convenience translations of our consolidated financial statements included herein, at an exchange rate of Ps. 19.9487 = U.S. $1.00, which is the exchange rate that the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (Ministry of Finance and Public Credit) instructed us to use on December 31, 2020. You should not construe these translations from pesos into dollars as actually representing such U.S. dollar amounts or meaning that you could convert such amounts into U.S. dollars at the rates indicated. Mexico has a free market for foreign exchange, and the Mexican Government allows the peso to float freely against the U.S. dollar. There can be no assurance that the Mexican Government will maintain its current policies with regard to the peso or that the peso will not depreciate or appreciate significantly in the future. Due to the volatility of the peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate, the exchange rate on any date subsequent to the date hereof could be materially different from the rate indicated above.

PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION CONCERNING RESERVES

The proved hydrocarbon reserves included in this report for the year ended December 31, 2020 are those that we have the right to extract and sell based on assignments granted to us by the Mexican Government.

The estimates of our proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas for the five years ended December 31, 2020 included in this report have been calculated according to the technical definitions required by the SEC. DeGolyer and MacNaughton, Netherland, Sewell International, S. de R.L. de C.V. (which we refer to as Netherland Sewell), GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd. (which we refer to as GLJ) and Sproule International Limited and Sproule México, S.A. de C.V. (which we refer to as Sproule) conducted reserves audits of our estimates of our proved hydrocarbon reserves as of December 31, 2020 or January 1, 2021, as applicable. All reserves estimates involve some degree of uncertainty. For a description of the risks relating to reserves and reserves estimates, see “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government— Information on Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves is based on estimates, which are uncertain and subject to revisions,” “—We must make significant capital expenditures to maintain our current production levels, and to maintain, as well as increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government. Reductions in our income, adjustments to our capital expenditures budget and our inability to obtain financing may limit our potential to make capital investments” and “—The Mexican nation, not us, owns the hydrocarbon reserves located in Mexico and our right to continue to extract these reserves is subject to the approval of the Secretaría de Energía (Ministry of Energy or SENER).”

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 20-F contains words, such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate” and similar expressions that identify forward-looking statements, which reflect our views about future events and financial performance. We have made forward-looking statements that address, among other things, our:

exploration and production activities, including drilling;

activities relating to import, export, refining, transportation, storage and distribution of petrochemicals, petroleum, natural gas and oil products;

activities relating to our lines of business;

projected and targeted capital expenditures and other costs;

trends in international and Mexican crude oil and natural gas prices;

liquidity and sources of funding, including our ability to continue operating as a going concern;

farm-outs, joint ventures and strategic alliances with other companies; and

the monetization of certain of our assets.

Actual results could differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors that may be beyond our control. These factors include, but are not limited to:

general economic and business conditions, including changes in international and Mexican crude oil and natural gas prices, refining margins and prevailing exchange rates;

credit ratings and limitations on our access to sources of financing on competitive terms;

our ability to find, acquire or gain access to additional reserves and to develop, either on our own or with our strategic partners, the reserves that we obtain successfully;

the level of financial and other support we receive from the Mexican Government;

global or national health concerns, including the outbreak of pandemic or contagious disease, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;

effects on us from competition, including on our ability to hire and retain skilled personnel;

uncertainties inherent in making estimates of oil and gas reserves, including recently discovered oil and gas reserves;

technical difficulties;

significant developments in the global economy;

significant economic or political developments in Mexico and the United States;

developments affecting the energy sector;

changes in, or failure to comply with, our legal regime or regulatory environment, including with respect to tax, environmental regulations, fraudulent activity, corruption and bribery;

receipt of governmental approvals, permits and licenses;

natural disasters, accidents, blockades and acts of sabotage or terrorism;

the cost and availability of adequate insurance coverage; and

the effectiveness of our risk management policies and procedures.

Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. In any event, these statements speak only as of their dates, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of them, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

For a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement, see “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors.”

CONSOLIDATED STRUCTURE OF PEMEX

The following chart presents the consolidated structure of PEMEX as of December 31, 2020.

LOGO

PART I

Item 1.

Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

Not applicable.

Item 2.

Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

Item 3.

Key Information

A.      Selected Financial Data

Not applicable.

B.      Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C.      Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D.     Risk Factors

Risk Factors Related to Our Operations

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness and other liabilities and are exposed to liquidity constraints, which could make it difficult for us to obtain financing on favorable terms and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and ability to repay our debt.

We have a substantial amount of debt, which we have incurred primarily to finance the capital expenditures needed to carry out our capital investment projects and to fund our operating expenses. Due to our heavy tax burden, our cash flow from operations in recent years has not been sufficient to fund our capital expenditures and other expenses and, accordingly, our debt has significantly increased and our working capital has deteriorated. In recent years, our level of indebtedness relative to our oil reserves has increased substantially. Relatively low oil prices since 2014 and the further decline in 2020, as well as declining production, have also had a negative impact on our ability to generate positive cash flows, which, together with our continued heavy tax burden and increased competition from the private sector, has further strained our ability to fund our capital expenditures and other expenses from cash flow from operations. Therefore, in order to develop our hydrocarbon reserves, service our indebtedness and amortize scheduled debt maturities, we will need to obtain funds from a broad range of sources, in addition to successfully implementing efficiency and cost-cutting initiatives. There can be no assurance that we will continue to have access to capital on favorable terms or any terms at all.

As of December 31, 2020, our total indebtedness, including accrued interest, was Ps. 2,258.7 billion (U.S. $113.2 billion), in nominal terms, which represented a 13.9% increase in peso terms compared to our total indebtedness, including accrued interest, of Ps. 1,983.2 billion (U.S. $105.2 billion) as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2020, 28.3% of our existing debt, or Ps. 640.2 billion (U.S. $32.1 billion), including accrued interest, is scheduled to mature in the next three years. Our working capital deteriorated from a negative working capital of Ps. 209.2 billion (U.S. $11.1 billion) as of December 31, 2019 to a negative working capital of Ps. 442.6 billion (U.S. $22.2 billion) as of December 31, 2020. Our level of debt may increase further in the short or medium term as a result of new financing activities or future depreciation of the peso as compared to the U.S. dollar, and may have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity position. To service our debt, we have relied and may continue to rely on a combination of cash flows from our operations, drawdowns under our available credit facilities and incurrence of additional indebtedness (including refinancing of existing indebtedness). See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Overview.”

If we were unable to obtain financing, this could hamper our ability to invest in projects and meet our principal and interest payment obligations with our creditors. As a result, we may be exposed to liquidity constraints and may not be able to pay our suppliers, service our debt or make the capital expenditures required to maintain our current production levels and to maintain, and increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. See “—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—We must make significant capital expenditures to maintain our current production levels, and to maintain, as well as increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government. Reductions in our income, adjustments to our capital expenditures budget and our inability to obtain financing may limit our potential to make capital investments” below.

If such constraints occur at a time when our cash flow from operations is less than the resources necessary to meet our debt service obligations, in order to provide additional liquidity to our operations, we could be forced to further reduce our planned capital expenditures and implement further austerity measures. A reduction in our capital expenditure program could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, such measures may not be sufficient to permit us to meet our obligations.

Our financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that we will continue as a going concern.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern. However, there is material uncertainty that raises significant doubt about our ability to continue operating as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of that uncertainty. If the actions we are taking to improve our financial condition, which are described in detail under “Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects —Liquidity and Capital Resources — Overview,” are not successful, we may not be able to continue operating as a going concern.

Downgrades in our credit ratings could negatively impact our access to the financial markets and cost of financing.

We rely on access to the financial markets to fund our operations and finance the capital expenditures needed to carry out our capital investment projects. Accordingly, credit ratings are important to our business and financial condition, as credit ratings affect the cost and other terms upon which we are able to obtain funding. In light of our high leverage, the downturn in the oil and gas industry, as well as the ongoing economic and public health crises posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, certain ratings agencies have expressed concern that we lack flexibility to navigate the downturn and to finance our capital investment needs in the face of low cash flow generation and adverse financing conditions. Partially as a result of these external pressures, various rating agencies have downgraded our ratings during March and April of 2020. See “Item 5—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Overview” below for some of the concerns expressed by certain ratings agencies.

Ratings address our creditworthiness and the likelihood of timely payment of our long-term debt securities. Ratings are not a recommendation to purchase, hold or sell securities and may be changed, suspended or withdrawn at any time. Our current ratings and the rating outlooks depend, in part, on economic conditions and other factors that affect credit risk and are outside our control, as well as assessments of the creditworthiness of Mexico. Certain ratings agencies have recently downgraded Mexico’s credit ratings and their assessment of Mexico’s creditworthiness has and may further affect our credit ratings.

We currently have a “split rating,” with a non-investment grade credit rating from two rating agencies but investment grade credit ratings from other rating agencies. For information regarding our current credit ratings, please see “Item 5—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Overview.” While these downgrades do not constitute a default or event of default under our debt instruments, they have increased our cost of financing. Any further lowering of our credit ratings may have material adverse consequences on our ability to access the financial markets and the terms on which we may obtain financing, including our cost of financing. In turn, this could significantly harm our ability to meet our existing obligations, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, in connection with the entry into new financings or amendments to existing financing arrangements, our financial and operational flexibility may be reduced as a result of more restrictive covenants, requirements for security and other terms that may be imposed on split rated entities. Our split rating and any further credit rating downgrades could also negatively impact the prices of our debt securities and reduce our potential pool of investors and funding sources, among other consequences. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain or improve our current credit ratings or outlook.

Crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products prices are volatile and low crude oil and natural gas prices adversely affect our income and cash flows and the amount of hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell.

International crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products prices are subject to global supply and demand and fluctuate due to many factors beyond our control. These factors include competition within the oil and natural gas industry, the prices and availability of alternative sources of energy, international economic trends, exchange rate fluctuations, expectations of inflation, domestic and foreign laws and government regulations, political and other events in major oil and natural gas producing and consuming nations and actions taken by Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) members and other oil exporting countries, trading activity in oil and natural gas and transactions in derivative financial instruments (which we refer to as DFIs) related to oil and gas.

When international crude oil, petroleum product and/or natural gas prices are low, we generally earn less revenue and, therefore, generate lower cash flows and earn less income before taxes and duties because our costs remain roughly constant. Conversely, when crude oil, petroleum product and natural gas prices are high, we earn more revenue and our income before taxes and duties increases. Crude oil export prices, which had generally traded above U.S. $75.00 per barrel since October 2009 and traded above U.S. $100.00 per barrel as of July 30, 2014, began to fall in August 2014. The weighted average Mexican crude oil export price fell further in subsequent years, reaching U.S. $18.90 per barrel on January 20, 2016. In subsequent years, while prices have remained significantly below 2014 levels, average crude oil export prices stabilized, with the Mexican crude oil export price averaging U.S. $62.29 per barrel in 2018 and U.S. $55.53 per barrel in 2019.

During 2020, the weighted average Mexican crude oil price was U.S. $35.82 per barrel, a decrease of U.S. $19.71 per barrel as compared to the 2019 weighted average Mexican crude oil export price. While prices have begun to stabilize, they still remain significantly lower than 2014 levels. Any future decline in international crude oil and natural gas prices will have a similar negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition. These fluctuations may also affect estimates of the amount of Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell, which could affect our future production levels. See “—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—Information on Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves is based on estimates, which are uncertain and subject to revisions” and “Item 11—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Changes in Exposure to Main Risks—Market Risk—Hydrocarbon Price Risk” below.

However, beginning in early March of 2020, the market experienced a precipitous decline in oil prices. This decline occurred in response to a substantial decline in demand for oil due to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused an oversupply and in turn insufficient global storage capacity. The Mexican crude oil export price averaged U.S. $40.91 per barrel for the three month period ended March 31, 2020 and reached an unprecedented low of negative U.S. $7.33 per barrel on April 28, 2020. Prices continue to display significant volatility both in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken by other oil producing countries.

On April 12, 2020, OPEC and other non-OPEC oil exporting countries, including, among others, Mexico and Russia, reached an agreement to reduce world crude oil supply. Pursuant to this agreement, these countries, which are known as OPEC+, agreed to reduce their overall crude oil production by 9.7 million barrels per day from May 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020, by 7.7 million barrels per day from July 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020 and by 5.8 million barrels per day from January 1, 2021 through April 30, 2022. In particular, Mexico agreed to reduce its crude oil production by 100,000 barrels per day for a period of two months beginning on May 1, 2020. During May, June, July, August, September, October and November 2020, we decreased our crude oil production to 1,676.6, 1,654.7, 1,647.3, 1,687.9, 1,697.8, 1,680.2 and 1,688.8 thousand barrels per day, respectively. In December 2020, we increased our crude oil production to 1,711.5 thousand barrels per day. Furthermore, as a result of the reduction in the demand and prices of oil and fuel caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we revised our production target for 2021 from approximately 2.03 million barrels per day to 1.88 million barrels per day.

Any further or future production cuts or declines in international crude oil and natural gas prices will likely have a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, significant fluctuations may affect estimates of the amount of Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell, which could affect our future production levels. See “—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—Information on Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves is based on estimates, which are uncertain and subject to revisions” below and “Item 11—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Changes in Exposure to Main Risks—Market Risk—Hydrocarbon Price Risk.”

The outbreak of COVID-19 has had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Since December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (referred to as COVID-19) has spread throughout the world. On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was categorized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous deaths and the imposition of local, municipal and national governmental “shelter-in-place” and other quarantine measures, border closures and other travel restrictions, causing unprecedented commercial disruption in a number of jurisdictions, including Mexico. Many countries around the world, including Mexico, are suffering significant economic and social crises as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken to contain or mitigate it, which have had dramatic adverse consequences on demand, operations, supply chains and financial markets, as well as contributed to significant oil price volatility. While the nature and scope of the consequences to date are difficult to evaluate precisely, and their future course is impossible to predict with confidence, these events may continue for a sustained period of time.

The Mexican Government has adopted certain measures intended to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in Mexico, including the introduction of a color-coded system that ranges from red to green and clarifies what level of activities are permitted depending on the percentage of local hospitalizations and the trend in positive COVID-19 cases. In the case of a red color, only essential activities are permitted. We cannot predict the range of future policies that may be enacted by the Mexican Government, or any other government, or the impact these policies will have on our business and operations. Our business operation is generally considered a strategic area as defined in Articles 27 and 28 of the Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (Political Constitution of the United Mexican States or the Mexican Constitution). Certain of our operations have remained active during the pandemic – however, in accordance with our business continuity plan, we have limited our workforce’s access to our facilities, implemented alternating shifts and allowed a portion of our workforce to work remotely. In addition, we have implemented sanitizing measures to disinfect our facilities and the use of thermal cameras and other special equipment to monitor infection risks. Despite these precautions, a significant portion of our workforce has contracted COVID-19 and regrettably some of our employees have died. The COVID-19 pandemic, or any future pandemic or epidemic, has and may further impact the places where we operate or our workforce. In turn, this could significantly disrupt our operations and cause health restrictions to our workforce and, therefore, impact the operation of our facilities, including our platforms, refineries and terminals, among others. These conditions may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition to the operational impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, international oil prices, oil products and natural gas are volatile and strongly influenced by conditions and expectations of world supply and demand. The COVID-19 pandemic has and will likely continue to cause a significant decrease in worldwide oil demand in 2021. The decrease in oil demand has led to significantly lower oil prices and, consequently, has significantly adversely affected our business, results of operations and financial condition. See “—Risk Factors Related to Our Operations—Crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products prices are volatile and low crude oil and natural gas prices adversely affect our income and cash flows and the amount of hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell” above, “Item 5—Overview” for further information about the impact on us of COVID-19 pandemic.

Given that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will likely continue for an extended period of time, it could adversely affect our ability to operate our business in the manner and on the timelines previously planned. Further, it has had, and could continue to have accounting consequences, such as decreases in our revenues and the value of our inventories, foreign exchange losses, impairments of fixed assets, and affect our ability to operate effective internal control over financial reporting.

The extent to which COVID-19 or other health pandemics or epidemics may continue to impact Mexico, the Mexican economy and the global economy and, in turn, our business, results of operations and financial condition is highly uncertain and will depend on numerous evolving factors that we cannot predict, including, but not limited to:

the duration, scope, and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic;

ongoing reduced oil demand and oil price volatility;

the impact of travel bans, work-from-home policies, or shelter-in-place orders;

staffing shortages;

interest rate and inflation rate volatility;

general economic, financial, and industry conditions, particularly conditions relating to liquidity, financial performance, which may be amplified by the effects of COVID-19; and

the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the national and global economy, including on consumer confidence and spending, financial markets and the availability of credit for us, our suppliers and our customers.

We are an integrated oil and gas company and are exposed to production, equipment and transportation risks, criminal acts, blockades to our facilities, cyber-attacks, failure in our information technology system and deliberate acts of terror that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to several risks that are common among oil and gas companies. These risks include production risks (fluctuations in production due to operational hazards, natural disasters or weather, accidents, etc.), equipment risks (relating to the adequacy and condition of our facilities and equipment) and transportation risks (relating to the condition and vulnerability of pipelines and other modes of transportation). More specifically, our business is subject to the risks of explosions in pipelines, refineries, plants, drilling wells and other facilities, oil spills, hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and other natural or geological disasters and accidents, fires and mechanical failures.

Our operations are also subject to the risk of criminal acts to divert our crude oil, natural gas or refined products from our pipeline network, including the theft, and tampering with the quality, of our products.

In 2020, we discovered 11,022 illegal pipeline taps, as compared to 13,137 in 2019. In 2020, we estimate fuel theft averaged about 4,800 barrels per day. We are also subject to the risk that some of our employees may, or may be perceived to, be participating in the illicit market in fuels. In addition, our facilities are subject to the risk of sabotage, terrorism and blockades. The occurrence of incidents such as these related to the production, processing and transportation of oil and gas products could result in personal injuries, loss of life, environmental damage from the subsequent containment, clean-up and repair expenses, equipment damage and damage to our facilities, which in turn could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our operations are supported by our information technology systems and therefore, cybersecurity plays a key role in protecting our operations. Cyber-threats and cyber-attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, coordinated and costly, and could be targeted at our operations or information systems. Consequently, we have established information security policies, in order to help us prevent, detect and correct vulnerabilities, contain and mitigate threats, reduce the possibilities of attacks and where appropriate, mitigate their impacts. On November 10, 2019, we detected a ransomware cyber-attack that targeted certain computer software applications. The cyber-attack did not affect the operational continuity of our business. Following the cyber-attack and in accordance with our protocols, we implemented remedial measures intended to contain the extent of the attack and preserve the integrity of our proprietary information. Additionally, we made complaints to the competent authority to investigate the causes and nature of the cyber-attack.

Although we have established an information security program, if the integrity of our information technology systems were to be compromised due to another cyber-attack, or due to the negligence or misconduct of our employees, our business operations could be disrupted or even paralyzed and our proprietary information could be lost or stolen. As a result of these risks, we could face, among other things, regulatory action, legal liability, damage to our reputation, a significant reduction in revenues, an increase in costs, a shutdown of operations, or loss of our investments in areas affected by such cyber-attacks, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations and financial condition.

We purchase comprehensive insurance policies covering most of these risks; however, these policies may not cover all liabilities, and insurance may not be available in the market for some of the consequential risks. There can be no assurance that significant incidents will not occur in the future, that insurance will adequately cover the entire scope or extent of our losses or that we will not be held responsible for such incidents. The occurrence of a significant incident or unforeseen liability for us for which we are not fully insured or for which insurance recovery is significantly delayed could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—PEMEX Corporate Matters—Insurance.”

A continued decline in our proved hydrocarbon reserves and production could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Some of our existing oil and gas producing fields are mature and, as a result, our reserves and production may decline as reserves are depleted. In years prior to 2019, the replacement rate for our proved hydrocarbon reserves has been insufficient to prevent a decline in our proved reserves. However, during 2020, our total proved reserves increased by 201.9 million barrels of crude oil equivalent, or 2.8%, after accounting for discoveries, extensions, revisions, and delimitations, from 7,182.0 million barrels of crude oil equivalent as of December 31, 2019 to 7,383.9 million barrels of crude oil equivalent as of December 31, 2020. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview–– Exploration and Production––Reserves” for more information about the factors leading to this increase. Our reserve replacement ratio, or RRR, in 2020 was 119.7%, a small decrease from our RRR of 120.1% in 2019. However, while in 2019, our crude oil production decreased by 7.6%, in 2020, our crude oil production increased by 0.1%, primarily as a result of the increase in the new offshore fields Cahua, Cheek, Chejekbal, Hok, Mulach, Manik NW, Octli, Tlacame and in the onshore fields Teotleco, Sini, Tokal, Quesqui, Cibix and Ixachi. There can be no assurance however, that we will be able to stop or reverse the decline in our proved reserves and production, which at any moment could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Developments in the oil and gas industry and other factors may result in substantial write-downs of the carrying amount of certain of our assets, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We evaluate on an annual basis, or more frequently where the circumstances require, the carrying amount of our assets for possible impairment. Our impairment tests are performed by a comparison of the carrying amount of an individual asset or a cash-generating unit with its recoverable amount. Whenever the recoverable amount of an individual asset or cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce the carrying amount to the recoverable amount.

Changes in the economic, regulatory, business or political environment in Mexico or other markets where we operate, such as the liberalization of fuel prices or a significant decline in international crude oil and gas prices, among other factors, may result in the recognition of impairment charges in certain of our assets. Due to the decline in oil prices, we have performed impairment tests of our non-financial assets (other than inventories and deferred taxes) at the end of each quarter. As of December 31, 2018 and 2019, we recognized a net reversal of impairment of Ps. (21,419.0) million and an impairment of Ps. 31,283 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we recognized an impairment in the amount of Ps. 36,354 million. See Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements for further information about the impairment of certain of our assets. Future developments in the economic environment, in the oil and gas industry and other factors could result in further substantial impairment charges, adversely affecting our operating results and financial condition.

Increased competition in the energy sector could adversely affect our business and financial performance.

TheMexican Constitution and the Ley de Hidrocarburos (Hydrocarbons Law) allow other oil and gas companies, in addition to us, to carry out certain activities related to the energy sector in Mexico, including exploration and production activities, and the import and sale of gasoline. As a result, we face competition for the right to explore and develop new oil and gas reserves in Mexico. We also face competition in connection with certain refining, transportation and processing activities. Increased competition could make it difficult for us to hire and retain skilled personnel. While we have not yet experienced significant adverse effects from increased competition, there can be no assurances that we will not experience such adverse effects in the future. If we are unable to compete successfully with other oil and gas companies in the energy sector in Mexico, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We participate in strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements. These arrangements may not perform as expected, which could harm our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have entered into and may in the future enter into strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements. These arrangements are intended to reduce risks in exploration and production, refining, transportation and processing activities. Our partners in such arrangements may, as a result of financial or other difficulties, be unable or unwilling to fulfill their financial or other obligations under our agreements, threatening the viability of the relevant project. In addition, our partners may have inconsistent or opposing economic or business interests and take action contrary to our policies or objectives, which could be to our overall detriment. If our strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements do not perform as expected, our reputation may be harmed and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We are subject to Mexican and international anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws. Our failure to comply with these laws could result in penalties, which could harm our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to Mexican and international anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—General Regulatory Framework.” Although we maintain policies and processes intended to comply with these laws, including the review of our internal control over financial reporting, we are subject to the risk that our management, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us may engage in fraudulent activity, corruption or bribery, circumvent or override our internal controls and procedures or misappropriate or manipulate our assets for their personal benefit or of third parties to our detriment. This risk is heightened by the fact that we have a large number of complex, valuable contracts with local and foreign third parties. Although we have systems in place for identifying, monitoring and mitigating these risks, our systems may not be effective and we cannot ensure that these compliance policies and processes will prevent intentional, reckless or negligent acts committed by our management, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us. Any failure—real or perceived—by our management, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us to comply with applicable governance or regulatory obligations could harm our reputation, limit our ability to obtain financing and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to comply with any applicable anti-corruption, anti-bribery or anti-money laundering laws, we and our management, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us may be subject to criminal, administrative or civil penalties and other measures, which could have material adverse effects on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. Any investigation of potential violations of anti-corruption, anti-bribery or anti-money laundering laws by governmental authorities in Mexico or other jurisdictions could result in an inability to prepare our consolidated financial statements in a timely manner and could adversely impact our reputation, ability to access financial markets and ability to obtain contracts, assignments, permits and other government authorizations necessary to participate in our industry, which, in turn, could have adverse effects on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our management has identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting for each of the last five years and has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective at December 31, 2020, which may have a material adverse result on our results of operation and financial condition.

Our management identified one material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in 2020. For further information on the material weakness identified by our management in 2020, see “Item 15—Controls and Procedures—Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” In light of the identified material weakness, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective at December 31, 2020. Although we are developing and implementing several measures to remedy these material weaknesses, we cannot be certain that there will be no other material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future.

In addition, our management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements as of and for each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. In light of the identified material weaknesses, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective at December 31 of each of those years. We disclosed the circumstances giving rise to these material weaknesses—which were generally different from one year to the next—in our annual reports on Form 20-F corresponding to each of those years. As of the date of this annual report, we believe that each of these material weaknesses has been remediated, except for those in 2019 and 2020 for which we are in the process of implementing the corresponding remediation actions. For more information, see “Item 15––Controls and Procedures––Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”.

If our efforts to remediate the material weaknesses identified in 2020 are unsuccessful, we may be unable to report our results of operations for future periods accurately and in a timely manner and make our required filings with government authorities, including the SEC. We cannot be certain that additional material weaknesses will not develop or be discovered in the future. There is also a risk that there could be accounting errors in our financial reporting, and we cannot be certain that in the future additional material weaknesses will not exist or otherwise be discovered. Any of these occurrences could adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition.

Our compliance with environmental regulations in Mexico, including in connection with efforts to address climate change, could result in material adverse effects on our results of operations.

A wide range of general and industry-specific Mexican federal and state environmental laws and regulations apply to our operations; these laws and regulations are often difficult and costly to comply with and carry substantial penalties for non-compliance. This regulatory burden increases our costs because it requires us to make significant capital expenditures and limits our ability to extract hydrocarbons, resulting in lower revenues. For an estimate of our accrued environmental liabilities, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Environmental Regulation—Environmental Liabilities.” Growing international concern over greenhouse gas emissions and climate change could result in new laws and regulations that could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. International agreements, including the Paris Agreement approved by the Mexican Government, contemplate coordinated efforts to combat climate change. We may become subject to market changes, including carbon taxes, efficiency standards, cap-and-trade and emission allowances and credits. These measures could increase our operating and maintenance costs, increase the price of our hydrocarbon products and possibly shift consumer demand to lower-carbon sources. See “Item 4—Environmental Regulation—Climate Change” for more information on the Mexican Government’s current legal and regulatory framework for combatting climate change.

Discontinuation, reform or replacement of the London Interbank Offered Rate (or LIBOR) or other benchmark interest rates, or uncertainty related to the potential for any of the foregoing, may impact our business.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2020, we had Ps. 151.6 billion (U.S. $8.0 billion) and Ps. 158.8 billion (U.S. $7.9 billion), respectively of variable rate indebtedness linked to LIBOR or other benchmark rates. In July 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced its intention to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2023. In addition, other regulators have suggested reforming or replacing other benchmark rates. As there is not yet definitive information regarding the phase-out of LIBOR, we cannot currently predict the effect of the discontinuation, reform or replacement of LIBOR. However, the phase out of LIBOR and the discontinuation, reform or replacement of other benchmark rates may have an unpredictable impact on, or cause disruption to, the broader financial markets or borrowing costs to borrowers. These developments may in turn increase the cost of our variable rate indebtedness or otherwise have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Risk Factors Related to Mexico

Economic conditions and government policies in Mexico and elsewhere may have a material impact on our operations.

A deterioration in Mexico’s economic condition, social instability, political unrest or other adverse social developments in Mexico could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Those events could also lead to increased volatility in the foreign exchange and financial markets, thereby affecting our ability to obtain new financing and service our debt. Additionally, the Mexican Government in November 2015, February 2016 and September 2016 announced budget cuts in response to declines in international crude oil prices. Although the Mexican Government did not reduce our budget in 2017 and announced a budget increase in each of December of 2018 and 2019, given the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and the global economy, on July 14, 2020, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos authorized the amendment of the 2020 budget for Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities. This amendment decreased our budget revenue of Ps. 4.5 billion, which was offset by a net decrease in expenses by Ps. 21.0 billion, consisting of (1) a decrease in investment expenditure by Ps. 28.0 billion (including non-capitalizable maintenance), (2) an increase in operating expense of Ps. 7.0 billion and (3) an increase in financing cost of Ps. 16.5 billion. Further, the Mexican Government may reduce our budget in the future. Any new budget cuts could adversely affect the Mexican economy and, consequently, our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. See “—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—The Mexican Government controls us and it could limit our ability to satisfy our external debt obligations or could reorganize or transfer us or our assets” below.

In addition, many countries around the world, including Mexico, are suffering significant economic and social crises as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as well as oil price volatility, and these events may continue for a sustained period of time. In addition to these economic effects, the COVID-19 pandemic has, and continues to adversely impact the places in which we operate and our workforce, and could significantly disrupt our operations. Given that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will likely continue for an extended period of time, it could adversely affect our ability to operate our business in the manner and on the timelines previously planned. The extent to which COVID-19 or other health pandemics or epidemics may impact Mexico and the Mexican economy and, in turn, our results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

In the past, Mexico has experienced several periods of slow or negative economic growth, high inflation, high interest rates, currency devaluation and other economic problems. These problems may worsen or reemerge, as applicable, in the future and could adversely affect our business and ability to service our debt. A deterioration in international financial or economic conditions, such as a slowdown in growth or recessionary conditions in Mexico’s trading partners, including the United States, or the emergence of a new financial crisis, could have adverse effects on the Mexican economy, our financial condition and our ability to service our debt.

Changes in Mexico’s exchange control laws may hamper our ability to service our foreign currency debt.

The Mexican Government does not currently restrict the ability of Mexican companies or individuals to convert pesos into other currencies. However, we cannot provide assurances that the Mexican Government will maintain its current policies with regard to the peso. In the future, the Mexican Government could impose a restrictive exchange control policy, as it has done in the past. Mexican Government policies preventing us from exchanging pesos into U.S. dollars could hamper our ability to service our foreign currency obligations, including our debt, the majority of which is denominated in currencies other than pesos.

Mexico has experienced a period of increasing criminal activity, which could affect our operations.

In recent years, Mexico has experienced a period of increasing criminal activity, primarily due to the activities of drug cartels and related criminal organizations. In addition, the development of the illicit market in fuels in Mexico has led to increases in theft and illegal trade in the fuels that we produce. In response, the Mexican Government has implemented various security measures and has strengthened its military and police forces, and we have also established various strategic measures aimed at decreasing incidents of theft and other criminal activity directed at our facilities and products. See “Item 8—Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Actions Against the Illicit Market in Fuels.” Despite these efforts, criminal activity continues to exist in Mexico, some of which may target our facilities and products. These activities, their possible escalation and the violence associated with them, in an extreme case, may have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Economic and political developments in Mexico and the United States may adversely affect Mexican economic policy and, in turn, PEMEX’s operations.

Political events in Mexico may significantly affect Mexican economic policy and, consequently, our operations. Presidential and federal congressional elections in Mexico were held on July 1, 2018. Mr. Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a member of the Movimiento Regeneración Nacional (National Regeneration Movement, or MORENA), was elected President of Mexico and took office on December 1, 2018, replacing Mr. Enrique Peña Nieto, a member of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI). The current President’s term will expire on September 30, 2024. As of the date of this annual report, the MORENA party holds an absolute majority in the Cámara de Diputados (Chamber of Deputies). On June 6, 2021, intermediate elections will be held in Mexico to elect 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies. The newly elected members of the Chamber of Deputies will take office on September 1, 2021.

The current administration and the Mexican Congress have the power to revise the legal framework that governs us, and the current administration and the Mexican Congress are discussing a number of reforms that could affect economic conditions or the oil and gas industry in Mexico. Until any reform has been adopted and implemented, we cannot predict how these policies could impact our results of operation and financial position. We cannot provide any assurances that political developments in Mexico will not have an adverse effect on the Mexican economy or oil and gas industry and, in turn, our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our ability to repay our debt.

Economic conditions in Mexico are highly correlated with economic conditions in the United States due to the physical proximity and the high degree of economic activity between the two countries generally, including the trade facilitated by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or the USMCA, which was signed by the presidents of Mexico, the United States and Canada on November 30, 2018 and subsequently ratified by the legislatures of the three countries. As a result, political developments in the United States, including changes in the administration and governmental policies, can also have an impact on the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Mexican peso, economic conditions in Mexico and the global capital markets.

During 2020, our export sales to the United States amounted to Ps. 303.8 billion, representing 31.9% of total sales and 68.2% of export sales for the year. While the USMCA provides that exports of petrochemical products from Mexico to the United States will continue to enjoy a zero-tariff rate, any shift in the trade relationships between Mexico and the United States and Canada as a result of the implementation of the USMCA could require us to renegotiate our contracts or lose business, resulting in a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

In addition, because the Mexican economy is heavily influenced by the U.S. economy, policies that may be adopted by the U.S. government may adversely affect economic conditions in Mexico. These developments could in turn have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to repay our debt.

Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government

The Mexican Government controls us and it could limit our ability to satisfy our external debt obligations or could reorganize or transfer us or our assets.

We are controlled by the Mexican Government and our annual budget may be adjusted by the Mexican Government in certain respects. Pursuant to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, Petróleos Mexicanos was transformed from a decentralized public entity to a productive state-owned company on October 7, 2014. The Petróleos Mexicanos Law establishes a special regime governing, among other things, our budget, debt levels, administrative liabilities, acquisitions, leases, services and public works. This special regime provides Petróleos Mexicanos with additional technical and managerial autonomy and, subject to certain restrictions, with additional autonomy with respect to our budget. Notwithstanding this increased autonomy, the Mexican Government still controls us and has the power to adjust our financial balance goal, which represents our targeted net cash flow for the fiscal year based on our projected revenues and expenses, and our annual wage and salary expenditures, subject to the approval of the Chamber of Deputies.

The adjustments to our annual budget mentioned above may compromise our ability to develop the reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government and to successfully compete with other oil and gas companies that may enter the Mexican energy sector. See “Item 4—General Regulatory Framework” for more information about the Mexican Government’s authority with respect to our budget. In addition, the Mexican Government’s control over us could adversely affect our ability to make payments under any securities issued by Petróleos Mexicanos. Although we are wholly owned by the Mexican Government, our financing obligations do not constitute obligations of and are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government. See “—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—Our financing obligations are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government” below.

The Mexican Government’s agreements with international creditors may affect our external debt obligations. In certain past debt restructurings of the Mexican Government, Petróleos Mexicanos’ external indebtedness was treated on the same terms as the debt of the Mexican Government and other public-sector entities, and it may be treated on similar terms in any future debt restructuring. In addition, Mexico has entered into agreements with official bilateral creditors to reschedule public-sector external debt. Mexico has not requested restructuring of bonds or debt owed to multilateral agencies.

The Mexican Government has the power, if the Mexican Constitution and federal law were amended, to reorganize our corporate structure, including a transfer of all or a portion of our assets to an entity not controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Mexican Government. See “—Risk Factors Related to Mexico” above.

Our financing obligations are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government.

Although Petróleos Mexicanos is wholly owned by the Mexican Government, our financing obligations do not constitute obligations of and are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government. As a result, the Mexican Government would have no legal obligation to make principal or interest payments on our debt if we were unable to satisfy our financial obligations.

We pay significant taxes and duties to the Mexican Government, and, if certain conditions are met, we may be required to pay a state dividend, which may limit our capacity to expand our investment program or negatively impact our financial condition generally.

We are required to make significant payments to the Mexican Government, including in the form of taxes and duties, which may limit our ability to make capital investments. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our total taxes and duties were Ps. 185.6 billion, or 19.5% of our sales revenues in the form of taxes and duties, which constituted a substantial portion of the Mexican Government’s revenues. On April 21, 2020, the Mexican Government, through a presidential decree, granted us a reduction in our tax burden equal to Ps. 65.0 billion for 2020 via a tax credit applicable to the Derecho por laUtilidad Compartida (Profit-sharing Duty or “DUC”). During 2020, we applied this tax credit in the amount of Ps. 65.0 billion. On February 19, 2021, the Mexican Government, through a presidential decree, granted us a reduction in our tax burden equal to Ps. 73.3 billion for 2021 via a tax credit applicable to the Profit-sharing Duty.

In addition, we are generally required, subject to the conditions set forth in the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, to pay a state dividend to the Mexican Government. We were not required to pay a state dividend in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, and we will not be required to pay a state dividend in 2021. See “Item 8—Financial Information—Dividends” for more information. Although the Mexican Government has on occasion indicated a willingness to reduce its reliance on payments made by us and recent changes to the fiscal regime applicable to us are designed in part to reduce such reliance by the Mexican Government, we cannot provide assurances that we will not be required to continue to pay a large proportion of our sales revenue to the Mexican Government. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime.” In addition, the Mexican Government may change the applicable rules in the future.

The Mexican Government has entered into agreements with other nations to limit production.

Although Mexico is not a member of OPEC, from time to time it enters into agreements with OPEC and non-OPEC countries to reduce global crude oil supply. On April 12, 2020, Mexico entered into an agreement with OPEC+ whereby it agreed to reduce its crude oil production by 100,000 barrels per day for a period of two months beginning on May 1, 2020. During 2020, the average crude oil production (including condensates and not including production from partners) for January through April 2020 reached 1,736 thousand barrels per day. Crude oil production from May through December 2020 averaged 1,662 thousand barrels per day. We do not control the Mexican Government’s international affairs and the Mexican Government could enter into further agreements with OPEC, OPEC+ or other countries to reduce our crude oil production or exports in the future. A reduction in our oil production or exports may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For more information, see “Item 4—Trade Regulation, Export Agreements and Production Agreements.”

The Mexican nation, not us, owns the hydrocarbon reserves located in Mexico and our right to continue to extract these reserves is subject to the approval of the Secretaría de Energía (Ministry of Energy or SENER).

The Mexican Constitution provides that the Mexican nation, not us, owns all petroleum and other hydrocarbon reserves located in the subsoil in Mexico. Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution provides that the Mexican Government will carry out exploration and production activities through agreements with third parties and through assignments to and agreements with us. We and other oil and gas companies are allowed to explore and extract the petroleum and other hydrocarbon reserves located in Mexico, subject to assignment of rights by the SENER and entry into agreements pursuant to a competitive bidding process.

Access to crude oil and natural gas reserves is essential to an oil and gas company’s sustained production and generation of income, and our ability to generate income would be materially and adversely affected if the Mexican Government were to restrict or prevent us from exploring or extracting any of the crude oil and natural gas reserves that it has assigned to us or if we are unable to compete effectively with other oil and gas companies in future bidding rounds for additional exploration and production rights in Mexico. For more information, see “—We must make significant capital expenditures to maintain our current production levels, and to maintain, as well as increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government. Reductions in our income, adjustments to our capital expenditures budget and our inability to obtain financing may limit our potential to make capital investments” below.

Information on Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves is based on estimates, which are uncertain and subject to revisions.

The information on oil, gas and other reserves set forth in this annual report is based on estimates. Reserves valuation is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of crude oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner; the accuracy of any reserves estimate depends on the quality and reliability of available data, engineering and geological interpretation and subjective judgment. Additionally, estimates may be revised based on subsequent results of drilling, testing and production. These estimates are also subject to certain adjustments based on changes in variables, including crude oil prices. Therefore, proved reserves estimates may differ materially from the ultimately recoverable quantities of crude oil and natural gas. Downward revisions in our reserve estimates could lead to lower future production, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. See “—Risk Factors Related to Our Operations—Crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products prices are volatile and low crude oil and natural gas prices adversely affect our income and cash flows and the amount of hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell” above. We revise annually our estimates of hydrocarbon reserves that we are entitled to extract and sell, which may result in material revisions to these estimates. Our ability to maintain our long-term growth objectives for oil production depends on our ability to successfully develop our reserves, and failure to do so could prevent us from achieving our long-term goals for growth in production.

The Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (National Hydrocarbon Commission, or “CNH”) has the authority to review and approve our estimated hydrocarbon reserves estimates and may require us to adjust these estimates. A request to adjust these reserves estimates could result in our inability to prepare our consolidated financial statements in a timely manner. This could adversely impact our ability to access financial markets, obtain contracts, assignments, permits and other government authorizations necessary to participate in the crude oil and natural gas industry, which, in turn, could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We must make significant capital expenditures to maintain our current production levels, and to maintain, as well as increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government. Reductions in our income, adjustments to our capital expenditures budget and our inability to obtain financing may limit our potential to make capital investments.

Because our ability to maintain, as well as increase, our oil production levels is highly dependent upon our ability to successfully develop existing hydrocarbon reserves and, in the long term, upon our ability to obtain the right to develop additional reserves, we continually invest capital to enhance our hydrocarbon recovery ratio and improve the reliability and productivity of our infrastructure.

The development of the reserves that were assigned to us by the Mexican Government will demand significant capital investments and will pose significant operational challenges. Our right to develop the reserves assigned to us is conditioned on our ability to develop such reserves in accordance with our development plans, which were based on our technical, financial and operational capabilities at the time. We cannot provide assurances that we will have or will be able to obtain, in the time frame that we expect, sufficient resources or the technical capacity necessary to explore and extract the reserves that the Mexican Government assigned to us, or that it may grant to us in the future. In the past, we have reduced our capital expenditures in response to declining oil prices, and unless we are able to increase our capital expenditures, we may not be able to develop the reserves assigned to us in accordance with our development plans. We would lose the right to continue to extract these reserves if we fail to develop them in accordance with our development plans, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. In addition, increased competition in the oil and gas sector in Mexico may increase the costs of obtaining additional acreage in potential future bidding rounds for the rights to new reserves.

Our ability to make capital expenditures is limited by the substantial taxes and duties that we pay to the Mexican Government, the ability of the Mexican Government to adjust certain aspects of our annual budget, cyclical decreases in our revenues primarily related to lower oil prices and any constraints on our liquidity. The availability of financing may limit our ability to make capital investments that are necessary to maintain current production levels and decrease the proved hydrocarbon reserves that we are entitled to extract. For more information on the liquidity constraints we are exposed to, see “—We have a substantial amount of indebtedness and other liabilities and are exposed to liquidity constraints, which could make it difficult for us to obtain financing on favorable terms and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and ability to repay our debt and, ultimately, our ability to operate as a going concern” above.

In addition, we have entered into and continue to enter into, strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements with third parties in order to develop our reserves. If we were unable to find partners for such joint arrangements, or if our partners were to significantly default on their obligations to us, we may be unable to maintain production levels or extract from our reserves. Moreover, we cannot assure you that these strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements will be successful or reduce our capital commitments. For more information, see “—Risk Factors Related to Pemex’s Operations—We participate in strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements. These types of arrangements may not perform as expected, which could harm our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition” above and “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development—Capital Expenditures.”

The Mexican Government has historically imposed price controls in the domestic market on our products.

The Mexican Government has from time to time imposed price controls on the sales of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel, gas oil intended for domestic use, fuel oil and other products. As a result of these price controls, we have not been able to pass on all of the increases in the prices of our product purchases to our customers in the domestic market when the peso depreciates in relation to the U.S. dollar. A depreciation of the peso increases our cost of oil and gas products, without a corresponding increase in our revenues unless we are able to increase the price at which we sell products in Mexico.

In accordance with the Ley de Ingresos de la Federación para el Ejercicio Fiscal de 2017 (2017 Federal Revenue Law), during 2017 the Mexican Government gradually removed price controls on gasoline and diesel as part of the liberalization of fuel prices in Mexico. As of the date of this annual report, sales prices of gasoline and diesel have been fully liberalized and are determined by the free market. For more information, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Industrial Transformation.” However, we do not control the Mexican Government’s domestic policies and the Mexican Government could impose additional price controls on the domestic market in the future. The imposition of such price controls would adversely affect our results of operations. For more information, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Refining—Pricing Decrees” and “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Gas and Aromatics—Pricing Decrees.”

We may claim some immunities under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and Mexican law, and your ability to sue or recover may be limited.

We are public-sector entities of the Mexican Government. Accordingly, you may not be able to obtain a judgment in a U.S. court against us unless the U.S. court determines that we are not entitled to sovereign immunity with respect to that action. Under certain circumstances, Mexican law may limit your ability to enforce judgments against us in the courts of Mexico. We also do not know whether Mexican courts would enforce judgments of U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. Therefore, even if you were able to obtain a U.S. judgment against us, you might not be able to obtain a judgment in Mexico that is based on that U.S. judgment. Moreover, you may not be able to enforce a judgment against our property in the United States except under the limited circumstances specified in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976, as amended. Finally, if you were to bring an action in Mexico seeking to enforce our obligations under any securities issued by Petróleos Mexicanos, satisfaction of those obligations may be made in pesos, pursuant to the laws of Mexico.

Our directors and officers, as well as some of the experts named in this annual report, reside outside the United States. Substantially all of our assets and those of most of our directors, officers and experts are located outside the United States. As a result, investors may not be able to effect service of process on our directors or officers or those experts within the United States.

Item 4.

Information on the Company

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

We are the largest company in Mexico according to the July 2020 edition of Expansión magazine, and according to the November 13, 2020 issue of Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, we were the eleventhlargest crude oil producer and the twentieth largestoil and gas company in the world based on data from the year 2019.

Our executive offices are located at Avenida Marina Nacional No. 329, Colonia Verónica Anzures, 11300, Alcandía Miguel Hildalgo, Ciudad de México, México. Our telephone number is (52-55) 9126-8700.

In March 1938, President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río nationalized the foreign-owned oil companies that were then operating in Mexico, and the Mexican Congress established Petróleos Mexicanos through the Decreto que crea la Institución Petróleos Mexicanos (Decree that creates the entity Petróleos Mexicanos), which was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and took effect on July 20, 1938.

Legal Regime

On December 21, 2013, amendments to Articles 25, 27 and 28 of the Mexican Constitution took effect, including transitional articles setting forth the general framework and timeline for implementing legislation relating to the energy sector.

On August 11, 2014, this implementing legislation was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. The implementing legislation includes nine new laws, of which the following are most relevant to our operations:

The Petróleos Mexicanos Law, which took effect, with the exception of certain provisions, on October 7, 2014;

Hydrocarbons Law, which took effect on August 12, 2014; and

Ley de Ingresos sobre Hidrocarburos (Hydrocarbons Revenue Law).

Together, the Hydrocarbons Law and the Hydrocarbons Revenue Law establish the legal framework for the exploration and production of oil and gas through assignments and contracts, as well as the fiscal regime through which the Mexican Government collects revenues from participants in the Mexican oil and gas industry. The Hydrocarbons Law empowers the SENER to determine the appropriate contract model for each area that is subject to a competitive bidding process, while the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit is responsible for determining the economic and fiscal terms of each contract. See “—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime” below in this Item 4. The following arrangements comprise the contractual regime established by the current legal framework for upstream activities:

licenses, pursuant to which a license holder is entitled to the oil and gas that are extracted from the subsoil;

production-sharing contracts, pursuant to which a contractor is entitled to receive a percentage of production;

profit-sharing contracts, pursuant to which a contractor is entitled to receive a percentage of the profit from the sale of the extracted oil and gas;

service contracts, pursuant to which a contractor would receive cash payments for services performed; and

service contracts, together with licenses, production-sharing contracts and profit-sharing contracts are known as the contracts for the exploration and production of oil and gas, collectively referred to as contracts for exploration and production.

For midstream and downstream activities, including oil refining and natural gas processing, the Hydrocarbons Law establishes a permit regime that is granted by the SENER and the Comisión Reguladora de Energía (Energy Regulatory Commission, or CRE), as applicable. The Hydrocarbons Law also sets forth the process by which entities may apply for these permits. The CRE has issued permits for the retail sale of gasoline and diesel fuel since 2016.

Under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, Petróleos Mexicanos is a productive state-owned company, wholly owned by the Mexican Government, and has the corporate purpose of generating economic value and increasing the income of the Mexican nation while adhering to principles of equity, as well as social and environmental responsibility.

On December 2, 2014, the special regime provided for in the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, which governs Petróleos Mexicanos’ activities relating to productive state-owned subsidiaries, affiliates, compensation, assets, administrative liabilities, budget, debt levels and the state dividend, took effect. On June 10, 2015, the Disposiciones Generales de Contratación para Petróleos Mexicanos y Sus Empresas Productivas Subsidiarias (General Provisions for Contracting for Petróleos Mexicanos and its Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries) were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation, and on June 11, 2015, the special regime for acquisitions, leases, services and public works became effective.

Corporate Structure

As of December 31, 2020, the principal lines of business of the subsidiary entities are as follows:

Pemex Exploration and Production, formed on June 1, 2015 as a successor to Pemex-Exploración y Producción(Pemex-Exploration and Production), explores for, extracts, transports, stores and markets crude oil and natural gas, as well as performs drilling and well repair services.

Pemex Fertilizers, formed on August 1, 2015, produces, distributes and commercializes ammonia, fertilizers and its derivatives, as well as provides related services;

Pemex Logistics, formed on October 1, 2015, provides transportation, storage and related services for crude oil, petroleum products and petrochemicals to us and other companies, through pipelines and maritime and terrestrial means, and provides guard and management services;

Pemex Industrial Transformation, formed on November 1, 2015 as a successor of Pemex-Refinación(Pemex-Refining),Pemex-Gas y Petroquímica Básica(Pemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals) and Pemex-Petroquímica(Pemex-Petrochemicals), refines petroleum products and derivatives; processes natural gas, natural gas liquids, artificial gas and derivatives; engages in industrial petrochemical processes; generates, supplies and trades electric and thermal energy; and commercializes, distributes and trades in methane, ethane and propylene.

Each of these subsidiary entities is a legal entity empowered to own property and carry on business in its own name and has technical and operational autonomy, subject to the central coordination and strategic direction of Petróleos Mexicanos.

Prior to July 27, 2018, Pemex Cogeneración y Servicios (Pemex Cogeneration and Services) operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. On July 13, 2018, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos issued the Declaratoria de Liquidación y Extinción de Pemex Cogeneración y Servicios (Declaration of Liquidation and Extinction of Pemex Cogeneration and Services), which was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and became effective on July 27, 2018. As of July 27, 2018, all of the assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of Pemex Cogeneration and Services were automatically assumed by, and transferred to, Pemex Industrial Transformation, and Pemex Industrial Transformation became, as a matter of Mexican law, the successor to Pemex Cogeneration and Services. Pemex Cogeneration and Services was in turn dissolved effective as of July 27, 2018.

Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Perforación y Servicios (Pemex Drilling and Services),Pemex Logística (Pemex Logistics),Pemex Fertilizantes (Pemex Fertilizers) andPemex EtilenoLey de Hidrocarburos (Pemex Ethylene), comprise the state(Hydrocarbons Law) allow other oil and gas companycompanies, in addition to us, to carry out certain activities related to the energy sector in Mexico, including exploration and production activities, and the import and sale of gasoline. As a result, we face competition for the right to explore and develop new oil and gas reserves in Mexico. We also face competition in connection with certain refining, transportation and processing activities. Increased competition could make it difficult for us to hire and retain skilled personnel. While we have not yet experienced significant adverse effects from increased competition, there can be no assurances that we will not experience such adverse effects in the future. If we are unable to compete successfully with other oil and gas companies in the energy sector in Mexico, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We participate in strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements. These arrangements may not perform as expected, which could harm our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have entered into and may in the future enter into strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements. These arrangements are intended to reduce risks in exploration and production, refining, transportation and processing activities. Our partners in such arrangements may, as a result of financial or other difficulties, be unable or unwilling to fulfill their financial or other obligations under our agreements, threatening the viability of the Unitedrelevant project. In addition, our partners may have inconsistent or opposing economic or business interests and take action contrary to our policies or objectives, which could be to our overall detriment. If our strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements do not perform as expected, our reputation may be harmed and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We are subject to Mexican States,and international anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws. Our failure to comply with these laws could result in penalties, which could harm our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to Mexican and international anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—General Regulatory Framework.” Although we maintain policies and processes intended to comply with these laws, including the review of our internal control over financial reporting, we are subject to the risk that our management, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us may engage in fraudulent activity, corruption or bribery, circumvent or override our internal controls and procedures or misappropriate or manipulate our assets for their personal benefit or of third parties to our detriment. This risk is heightened by the fact that we have a large number of complex, valuable contracts with local and foreign third parties. Although we have systems in place for identifying, monitoring and mitigating these risks, our systems may not be effective and we cannot ensure that these compliance policies and processes will prevent intentional, reckless or negligent acts committed by our management, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us. Any failure—real or perceived—by our management, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us to comply with applicable governance or regulatory obligations could harm our reputation, limit our ability to obtain financing and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to comply with any applicable anti-corruption, anti-bribery or anti-money laundering laws, we and our management, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us may be subject to criminal, administrative or civil penalties and other measures, which could have material adverse effects on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. Any investigation of potential violations of anti-corruption, anti-bribery or anti-money laundering laws by governmental authorities in Mexico or other jurisdictions could result in an inability to prepare our consolidated financial statements in a timely manner and could adversely impact our reputation, ability to access financial markets and ability to obtain contracts, assignments, permits and other government authorizations necessary to participate in our industry, which, in turn, could have adverse effects on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our management has identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting for each of the last five years and has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective at December 31, 2020, which may have a material adverse result on our results of operation and financial condition.

Our management identified one material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in 2020. For further information on the material weakness identified by our management in 2020, see “Item 15—Controls and Procedures—Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” In light of the identified material weakness, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective at December 31, 2020. Although we are developing and implementing several measures to remedy these material weaknesses, we cannot be certain that there will be no other material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future.

In addition, our management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements as of and for each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. In light of the identified material weaknesses, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective at December 31 of each of those years. We disclosed the circumstances giving rise to these material weaknesses—which were generally different from one year to the next—in our annual reports on Form 20-F corresponding to each of those years. As of the date of this annual report, we believe that each of these material weaknesses has been remediated, except for those in 2019 and 2020 for which we referare in the process of implementing the corresponding remediation actions. For more information, see “Item 15––Controls and Procedures––Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”.

If our efforts to as Mexico. Petróleos Mexicanosremediate the material weaknesses identified in 2020 are unsuccessful, we may be unable to report our results of operations for future periods accurately and in a timely manner and make our required filings with government authorities, including the SEC. We cannot be certain that additional material weaknesses will not develop or be discovered in the future. There is also a productiverisk that there could be accounting errors in our financial reporting, and we cannot be certain that in the future additional material weaknesses will not exist or otherwise be discovered. Any of these occurrences could adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition.

Our compliance with environmental regulations in Mexico, including in connection with efforts to address climate change, could result in material adverse effects on our results of operations.

A wide range of general and state-ownedindustry-specific companyMexican federal and state environmental laws and regulations apply to our operations; these laws and regulations are often difficult and costly to comply with and carry substantial penalties for non-compliance. This regulatory burden increases our costs because it requires us to make significant capital expenditures and limits our ability to extract hydrocarbons, resulting in lower revenues. For an estimate of our accrued environmental liabilities, see “Item 4—Information on the Federal GovernmentCompany—Environmental Regulation—Environmental Liabilities.” Growing international concern over greenhouse gas emissions and climate change could result in new laws and regulations that could adversely affect our results of Mexico, which we refer to asoperations and financial condition. International agreements, including the Paris Agreement approved by the Mexican Government, contemplate coordinated efforts to combat climate change. We may become subject to market changes, including carbon taxes, efficiency standards, cap-and-tradeand emission allowances and credits. These measures could increase our operating and maintenance costs, increase the price of our hydrocarbon products and possibly shift consumer demand to lower-carbon sources. See “Item 4—Environmental Regulation—Climate Change” for more information on the Mexican Government’s current legal and regulatory framework for combatting climate change.

Discontinuation, reform or replacement of the London Interbank Offered Rate (or LIBOR) or other benchmark interest rates, or uncertainty related to the potential for any of the foregoing, may impact our business.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2020, we had Ps. 151.6 billion (U.S. $8.0 billion) and Ps. 158.8 billion (U.S. $7.9 billion), respectively of variable rate indebtedness linked to LIBOR or other benchmark rates. In July 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced its intention to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2023. In addition, other regulators have suggested reforming or replacing other benchmark rates. As there is not yet definitive information regarding the phase-out of LIBOR, we cannot currently predict the effect of the discontinuation, reform or replacement of LIBOR. However, the phase out of LIBOR and the discontinuation, reform or replacement of other benchmark rates may have an unpredictable impact on, or cause disruption to, the broader financial markets or borrowing costs to borrowers. These developments may in turn increase the cost of our variable rate indebtedness or otherwise have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Risk Factors Related to Mexico

Economic conditions and government policies in Mexico and elsewhere may have a material impact on our operations.

A deterioration in Mexico’s economic condition, social instability, political unrest or other adverse social developments in Mexico could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Those events could also lead to increased volatility in the foreign exchange and financial markets, thereby affecting our ability to obtain new financing and service our debt. Additionally, the Mexican Government in November 2015, February 2016 and September 2016 announced budget cuts in response to declines in international crude oil prices. Although the Mexican Government did not reduce our budget in 2017 and announced a budget increase in each of December of 2018 and 2019, given the subsidiary entities is a productiveongoing impact of the state-ownedCOVID-19 subsidiarypandemic on our business and the global economy, on July 14, 2020, the Board of Mexico. EachDirectors of Petróleos Mexicanos authorized the amendment of the 2020 budget for Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities isentities. This amendment decreased our budget revenue of Ps. 4.5 billion, which was offset by a legal entity empowerednet decrease in expenses by Ps. 21.0 billion, consisting of (1) a decrease in investment expenditure by Ps. 28.0 billion (including non-capitalizable maintenance), (2) an increase in operating expense of Ps. 7.0 billion and (3) an increase in financing cost of Ps. 16.5 billion. Further, the Mexican Government may reduce our budget in the future. Any new budget cuts could adversely affect the Mexican economy and, consequently, our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. See “—Risk Factors Related to own propertyour Relationship with the Mexican Government—The Mexican Government controls us and carry onit could limit our ability to satisfy our external debt obligations or could reorganize or transfer us or our assets” below.

In addition, many countries around the world, including Mexico, are suffering significant economic and social crises as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as well as oil price volatility, and these events may continue for a sustained period of time. In addition to these economic effects, the COVID-19 pandemic has, and continues to adversely impact the places in which we operate and our workforce, and could significantly disrupt our operations. Given that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will likely continue for an extended period of time, it could adversely affect our ability to operate our business in its own name. In addition, a number of subsidiary companies that are defined in Note 1the manner and listed in Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements incorporated in Item 18, which we refer to as our subsidiary companies, are incorporated into the consolidated financial statements; these subsidiary companies are also identified with their corresponding ownership percentages in “—Consolidated Structure of PEMEX” on page 4. Petróleos Mexicanos, the subsidiary entities and the subsidiary companies are collectively referred to as “PEMEX” or “we.” See “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development—Corporate Structure” for more details.

References hereintimelines previously planned. The extent to “U.S. $,” “$,” “U.S. dollars”which COVID-19 or “dollars” are to United States dollars. References herein to “pesos”other health pandemics or “Ps.” are to the legal currency of Mexico. References herein to “euros” or “€” are to the legal currency of the European Economic and Monetary Union. References herein to “pounds” or “£” are to the legal currency of the United Kingdom. References herein to “Swiss francs” are to the legal currency of the Swiss Confederation. References herein to “Japanese yen” or “¥” are to the legal currency of Japan. References herein to “Australian dollars” are to the legal currency of Australia. The term “billion” as used herein means one thousand million.

Our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. We refer in this report to “International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board” as IFRS. In addition, these financial statements were audited in accordance with the International Standards on Auditing, as required by theLey del Mercado de Valores (Securities Market Law) and theDisposiciones de carácter general aplicables a las emisoras de valores y a otros participantes del mercado de valores(General Provisions applicable to issuers of securities and other participants in the securities market) in each case, ofepidemics may impact Mexico for purposes of filing with theComisiónNacional Bancaria y de Valores (National Banking and Securities Commission, or the CNBV) and theBolsa Mexicana de Valores, S.A.B. de C.V.(Mexican Stock Exchange), and in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or PCAOB, for purposes of filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.

The regulations of the SEC do not require foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS to reconcile such financial statements to United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, which we refer to as U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, while we have in the past reconciled our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance withNormas de Información Financiera Mexicanas(Mexican Financial Reporting Standards) to U.S. GAAP, those reconciliations are no longer presented in our filings with the SEC. We do, however, continue to provide the disclosure required under the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 932 “Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas” (which we refer to as ASC Topic 932), as this is required regardless of the basis of accounting on which we prepare our financial statements.

We maintain our consolidated financial statements and accounting records in pesos. Unless otherwise indicated, we have translated all peso amounts to U.S. dollars in this Form20-F, including all convenience translations of our consolidated financial statements included herein, at an exchange rate of Ps. 19.6829 = U.S. $1.00, which is the exchange rate that the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (Ministry of Finance and Public Credit) instructed us to use on December 31, 2018. You should not construe these translations from pesos into dollars as actually representing such U.S. dollar amounts or meaning that you could convert such amounts into U.S. dollars at the rates indicated. Mexico has a free market for foreign exchange, and the Mexican economy and, in turn, our results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

In the past, Mexico has experienced several periods of slow or negative economic growth, high inflation, high interest rates, currency devaluation and other economic problems. These problems may worsen or reemerge, as applicable, in the future and could adversely affect our business and ability to service our debt. A deterioration in international financial or economic conditions, such as a slowdown in growth or recessionary conditions in Mexico’s trading partners, including the United States, or the emergence of a new financial crisis, could have adverse effects on the Mexican economy, our financial condition and our ability to service our debt.

Changes in Mexico’s exchange control laws may hamper our ability to service our foreign currency debt.

The Mexican Government allowsdoes not currently restrict the pesoability of Mexican companies or individuals to float freely against the U.S. dollar. There can be no assuranceconvert pesos into other currencies. However, we cannot provide assurances that the Mexican Government will maintain its current policies with regard to the pesopeso. In the future, the Mexican Government could impose a restrictive exchange control policy, as it has done in the past. Mexican Government policies preventing us from exchanging pesos into U.S. dollars could hamper our ability to service our foreign currency obligations, including our debt, the majority of which is denominated in currencies other than pesos.

Mexico has experienced a period of increasing criminal activity, which could affect our operations.

In recent years, Mexico has experienced a period of increasing criminal activity, primarily due to the activities of drug cartels and related criminal organizations. In addition, the development of the illicit market in fuels in Mexico has led to increases in theft and illegal trade in the fuels that we produce. In response, the Mexican Government has implemented various security measures and has strengthened its military and police forces, and we have also established various strategic measures aimed at decreasing incidents of theft and other criminal activity directed at our facilities and products. See “Item 8—Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Actions Against the Illicit Market in Fuels.” Despite these efforts, criminal activity continues to exist in Mexico, some of which may target our facilities and products. These activities, their possible escalation and the violence associated with them, in an extreme case, may have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Economic and political developments in Mexico and the United States may adversely affect Mexican economic policy and, in turn, PEMEX’s operations.

Political events in Mexico may significantly affect Mexican economic policy and, consequently, our operations. Presidential and federal congressional elections in Mexico were held on July 1, 2018. Mr. Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a member of the Movimiento Regeneración Nacional (National Regeneration Movement, or MORENA), was elected President of Mexico and took office on December 1, 2018, replacing Mr. Enrique Peña Nieto, a member of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI). The current President’s term will expire on September 30, 2024. As of the date of this annual report, the MORENA party holds an absolute majority in the Cámara de Diputados (Chamber of Deputies). On June 6, 2021, intermediate elections will be held in Mexico to elect 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies. The newly elected members of the Chamber of Deputies will take office on September 1, 2021.

The current administration and the Mexican Congress have the power to revise the legal framework that governs us, and the pesocurrent administration and the Mexican Congress are discussing a number of reforms that could affect economic conditions or the oil and gas industry in Mexico. Until any reform has been adopted and implemented, we cannot predict how these policies could impact our results of operation and financial position. We cannot provide any assurances that political developments in Mexico will not depreciatehave an adverse effect on the Mexican economy or appreciate significantlyoil and gas industry and, in turn, our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our ability to repay our debt.

Economic conditions in Mexico are highly correlated with economic conditions in the future. DueUnited States due to the volatilityphysical proximity and the high degree of economic activity between the two countries generally, including the trade facilitated by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or the USMCA, which was signed by the presidents of Mexico, the United States and Canada on November 30, 2018 and subsequently ratified by the legislatures of the peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate,three countries. As a result, political developments in the United States, including changes in the administration and governmental policies, can also have an impact on the exchange rate on any date subsequentbetween the U.S. dollar and the Mexican peso, economic conditions in Mexico and the global capital markets.

During 2020, our export sales to the date hereofUnited States amounted to Ps. 303.8 billion, representing 31.9% of total sales and 68.2% of export sales for the year. While the USMCA provides that exports of petrochemical products from Mexico to the United States will continue to enjoy a zero-tariff rate, any shift in the trade relationships between Mexico and the United States and Canada as a result of the implementation of the USMCA could require us to renegotiate our contracts or lose business, resulting in a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

In addition, because the Mexican economy is heavily influenced by the U.S. economy, policies that may be materially different fromadopted by the rate indicated above.U.S. government may adversely affect economic conditions in Mexico. These developments could in turn have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to repay our debt.


PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION CONCERNING RESERVESRisk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government

The Mexican Government controls us and it could limit our ability to satisfy our external debt obligations or could reorganize or transfer us or our assets.

We are controlled by the Mexican Government and our annual budget may be adjusted by the Mexican Government in certain respects. Pursuant to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, Petróleos Mexicanos was transformed from a decentralized public entity to a productive state-owned company on October 7, 2014. The Petróleos Mexicanos Law establishes a special regime governing, among other things, our budget, debt levels, administrative liabilities, acquisitions, leases, services and public works. This special regime provides Petróleos Mexicanos with additional technical and managerial autonomy and, subject to certain restrictions, with additional autonomy with respect to our budget. Notwithstanding this increased autonomy, the Mexican Government still controls us and has the power to adjust our financial balance goal, which represents our targeted net cash flow for the fiscal year based on our projected revenues and expenses, and our annual wage and salary expenditures, subject to the approval of the Chamber of Deputies.

The proved hydrocarbonadjustments to our annual budget mentioned above may compromise our ability to develop the reserves included in this report for the year ended December 31, 2018 are those that we have the right to extract and sell based on assignments grantedassigned to us by the Mexican Government.

The estimates of our proved reserves of crudeGovernment and to successfully compete with other oil and natural gas companies that may enter the Mexican energy sector. See “Item 4—General Regulatory Framework” for more information about the five years ended December 31, 2018 included in this report have been calculated accordingMexican Government’s authority with respect to our budget. In addition, the technical definitions requiredMexican Government’s control over us could adversely affect our ability to make payments under any securities issued by Petróleos Mexicanos. Although we are wholly owned by the SEC. DeGolyerMexican Government, our financing obligations do not constitute obligations of and MacNaughton, Netherland, Sewell International, S. de R.L. de C.V. (which we refer to as Netherland Sewell) and GLJ Petroleum Consultants LTD. (which we refer to as GLJ) conducted reserves audits of our estimates of our proved hydrocarbon reserves as of December 31, 2018 or January 1, 2019, as applicable. All reserves estimates involve some degree of uncertainty. For a description ofare not guaranteed by the risks relating to reserves and reserves estimates, see “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Mexican Government. See “—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—Our financing obligations are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government” below.

The Mexican Government’s agreements with international creditors may affect our external debt obligations. In certain past debt restructurings of the Mexican Government, Petróleos Mexicanos’ external indebtedness was treated on the same terms as the debt of the Mexican Government and other public-sector entities, and it may be treated on similar terms in any future debt restructuring. In addition, Mexico has entered into agreements with official bilateral creditors to reschedule public-sector external debt. Mexico has not requested restructuring of bonds or debt owed to multilateral agencies.

The Mexican Government has the power, if the Mexican Constitution and federal law were amended, to reorganize our corporate structure, including a transfer of all or a portion of our assets to an entity not controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Mexican Government. See “—Risk Factors Related to Mexico” above.

Our financing obligations are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government.

Although Petróleos Mexicanos is wholly owned by the Mexican Government, our financing obligations do not constitute obligations of and are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government. As a result, the Mexican Government would have no legal obligation to make principal or interest payments on our debt if we were unable to satisfy our financial obligations.

We pay significant taxes and duties to the Mexican Government, and, if certain conditions are met, we may be required to pay a state dividend, which may limit our capacity to expand our investment program or negatively impact our financial condition generally.

We are required to make significant payments to the Mexican Government, including in the form of taxes and duties, which may limit our ability to make capital investments. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our total taxes and duties were Ps. 185.6 billion, or 19.5% of our sales revenues in the form of taxes and duties, which constituted a substantial portion of the Mexican Government’s revenues. On April 21, 2020, the Mexican Government, through a presidential decree, granted us a reduction in our tax burden equal to Ps. 65.0 billion for 2020 via a tax credit applicable to the Derecho por laUtilidad Compartida (Profit-sharing Duty or “DUC”). During 2020, we applied this tax credit in the amount of Ps. 65.0 billion. On February 19, 2021, the Mexican Government, through a presidential decree, granted us a reduction in our tax burden equal to Ps. 73.3 billion for 2021 via a tax credit applicable to the Profit-sharing Duty.

In addition, we are generally required, subject to the conditions set forth in the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, to pay a state dividend to the Mexican Government. We were not required to pay a state dividend in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, and we will not be required to pay a state dividend in 2021. See “Item 8—Financial Information—Dividends” for more information. Although the Mexican Government has on occasion indicated a willingness to reduce its reliance on payments made by us and recent changes to the fiscal regime applicable to us are designed in part to reduce such reliance by the Mexican Government, we cannot provide assurances that we will not be required to continue to pay a large proportion of our sales revenue to the Mexican Government. See “Item 4—Information on Mexico’sthe Company—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime.” In addition, the Mexican Government may change the applicable rules in the future.

The Mexican Government has entered into agreements with other nations to limit production.

Although Mexico is not a member of OPEC, from time to time it enters into agreements with OPEC and non-OPEC countries to reduce global crude oil supply. On April 12, 2020, Mexico entered into an agreement with OPEC+ whereby it agreed to reduce its crude oil production by 100,000 barrels per day for a period of two months beginning on May 1, 2020. During 2020, the average crude oil production (including condensates and not including production from partners) for January through April 2020 reached 1,736 thousand barrels per day. Crude oil production from May through December 2020 averaged 1,662 thousand barrels per day. We do not control the Mexican Government’s international affairs and the Mexican Government could enter into further agreements with OPEC, OPEC+ or other countries to reduce our crude oil production or exports in the future. A reduction in our oil production or exports may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For more information, see “Item 4—Trade Regulation, Export Agreements and Production Agreements.”

The Mexican nation, not us, owns the hydrocarbon reserves located in Mexico and our right to continue to extract these reserves is based on estimates, which are uncertain and subject to revisions,”the approval of the Secretaría de Energía (Ministry of Energy or SENER).

The Mexican Constitution provides that the Mexican nation, not us, owns all petroleum and other hydrocarbon reserves located in the subsoil in Mexico. Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution provides that the Mexican Government will carry out exploration and production activities through agreements with third parties and through assignments to and agreements with us. We and other oil and gas companies are allowed to explore and extract the petroleum and other hydrocarbon reserves located in Mexico, subject to assignment of rights by the SENER and entry into agreements pursuant to a competitive bidding process.

Access to crude oil and natural gas reserves is essential to an oil and gas company’s sustained production and generation of income, and our ability to generate income would be materially and adversely affected if the Mexican Government were to restrict or prevent us from exploring or extracting any of the crude oil and natural gas reserves that it has assigned to us or if we are unable to compete effectively with other oil and gas companies in future bidding rounds for additional exploration and production rights in Mexico. For more information, see “—We must make significant capital expenditures to maintain our current production levels, and to maintain, as well as increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government. Reductions in our income, adjustments to our capital expenditures budget and our inability to obtain financing may limit our abilitypotential to make capital investments” and “—The Mexican nation, not us, owns thebelow.

Information on Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves locatedis based on estimates, which are uncertain and subject to revisions.

The information on oil, gas and other reserves set forth in this annual report is based on estimates. Reserves valuation is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of crude oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner; the accuracy of any reserves estimate depends on the quality and reliability of available data, engineering and geological interpretation and subjective judgment. Additionally, estimates may be revised based on subsequent results of drilling, testing and production. These estimates are also subject to certain adjustments based on changes in variables, including crude oil prices. Therefore, proved reserves estimates may differ materially from the ultimately recoverable quantities of crude oil and natural gas. Downward revisions in our reserve estimates could lead to lower future production, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. See “—Risk Factors Related to Our Operations—Crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products prices are volatile and low crude oil and natural gas prices adversely affect our income and cash flows and the amount of hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell” above. We revise annually our estimates of hydrocarbon reserves that we are entitled to extract and sell, which may result in material revisions to these estimates. Our ability to maintain our long-term growth objectives for oil production depends on our ability to successfully develop our reserves, and failure to do so could prevent us from achieving our long-term goals for growth in production.

The Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (National Hydrocarbon Commission, or “CNH”) has the authority to review and approve our estimated hydrocarbon reserves estimates and may require us to adjust these estimates. A request to adjust these reserves estimates could result in our inability to prepare our consolidated financial statements in a timely manner. This could adversely impact our ability to access financial markets, obtain contracts, assignments, permits and other government authorizations necessary to participate in the subsoilcrude oil and natural gas industry, which, in Mexicoturn, could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We must make significant capital expenditures to maintain our current production levels, and to maintain, as well as increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government. Reductions in our income, adjustments to our capital expenditures budget and our inability to obtain financing may limit our potential to make capital investments.

Because our ability to maintain, as well as increase, our oil production levels is highly dependent upon our ability to successfully develop existing hydrocarbon reserves and, in the long term, upon our ability to obtain the right to develop additional reserves, we continually invest capital to enhance our hydrocarbon recovery ratio and improve the reliability and productivity of our infrastructure.

The development of the reserves that were assigned to us by the Mexican Government will demand significant capital investments and will pose significant operational challenges. Our right to develop the reserves assigned to us is conditioned on our ability to develop such reserves in accordance with our development plans, which were based on our technical, financial and operational capabilities at the time. We cannot provide assurances that we will have or will be able to obtain, in the time frame that we expect, sufficient resources or the technical capacity necessary to explore and extract the reserves that the Mexican Government assigned to us, or that it may grant to us in the future. In the past, we have reduced our capital expenditures in response to declining oil prices, and unless we are able to increase our capital expenditures, we may not be able to develop the reserves assigned to us in accordance with our development plans. We would lose the right to continue to extract these reserves if we fail to develop them in accordance with our development plans, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. In addition, increased competition in the oil and gas sector in Mexico may increase the costs of obtaining additional acreage in potential future bidding rounds for the rights to new reserves.

Our ability to make capital expenditures is subjectlimited by the substantial taxes and duties that we pay to the approvalMexican Government, the ability of the MinistryMexican Government to adjust certain aspects of Energy.”

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form20-F contains words, such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate”our annual budget, cyclical decreases in our revenues primarily related to lower oil prices and similar expressions that identifyforward-looking statements, which reflectany constraints on our views about future events and financial performance. We have madeforward-looking statements that address, among other things, our:

exploration and production activities, including drilling;

activities relating to import, export, refining, transportation, storage and distributionliquidity. The availability of petrochemicals, petroleum, natural gas and oil products;

activities relating to our lines of business;

projected and targeted capital expenditures and other costs;

trends in international and Mexican crude oil and natural gas prices;

liquidity and sources of funding, includingfinancing may limit our ability to continue operating as a going concern;

farm-outs, joint venturesmake capital investments that are necessary to maintain current production levels and strategic alliances with other companies; and

decrease the monetization of certain of our assets.

Actual results could differ materially from those projected in suchforward-looking statements as a result of various factors that may be beyond our control. These factors include, but are not limited to:

general economic and business conditions, including changes in international and Mexican crude oil and natural gas prices, refining margins and prevailing exchange rates;

credit ratings and limitations on our access to sources of financing on competitive terms;

our ability to find, acquire or gain access to additional reserves and to develop, either on our own or with our strategic partners, theproved hydrocarbon reserves that we obtain successfully;

the level of financial and other support we receive from the Mexican Government;

effects on us from competition, including on our abilityare entitled to hire and retain skilled personnel;

uncertainties inherent in making estimates of oil and gas reserves, including recently discovered oil and gas reserves;

technical difficulties;

significant developments in the global economy;

significant economic or political developments in Mexico and the United States;

developments affecting the energy sector;

changes in, or failure to comply with, our legal regime or regulatory environment, including with respect to tax, environmental regulations, fraudulent activity, corruption and bribery;

receipt of governmental approvals, permits and licenses;

natural disasters, accidents, blockades and acts of sabotage or terrorism;

the cost and availability of adequate insurance coverage; and

the effectiveness of our risk management policies and procedures.

Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on theseforward-looking statements. In any event, these statements speak only as of their dates, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of them, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

For a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in anyforward-looking statement, see “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors.”

LOGO

PART I

Item 1.       Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

Not applicable.

Item 2.       Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

Item 3.       Key Information

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The selected statement of comprehensive income (loss), statement of financial position and cash flows data set forth below as of and for the five years ended December 31, 2018 have been derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, which are included in Item 18 of this report. Our consolidated financial statements for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 were audited by Castillo Miranda y Compañía, S.C. (which we refer to as BDO Mexico), an independent registered public accounting firm. Our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 were audited by KPMG Cárdenas Dosal, S.C. (which we refer to as KPMG Mexico), an independent registered public accounting firm. Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 have been reclassified to conform the presentation of the amounts in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018. These reclassifications are not significant to the consolidated financial statements and had no impact on our consolidated net income (loss).

As detailed below, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we recognized a net loss of Ps. 191.1 billion, Ps. 280.9 billion and Ps. 180.4 billion, respectively. In addition, we had negative equity as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 of Ps. 1,502.4 billion and Ps. 1,459.4 billion, respectively, which resulted in a negative working capital of Ps. 25.6 billion and Ps. 54.7 billion, respectively; and cash flows from operating activities of Ps. 141.8 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018. This has led us to state in our consolidated financial statements that there exists substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. However, we have concluded that we continue to operate as a going concern. Accordingly, we have prepared our consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis, which assumes that we can meet our payment obligations.extract. For more information on the actions thatliquidity constraints we are takingexposed to, face these negative trends, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Overview” and “Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects —Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Selected Financial Data of PEMEX

   Year ended December 31,(1) 
   2014  2015  2016  2017  2018  2018(2) 
   (in millions of pesos, except ratios)  (in millions of
U.S. dollars)
 
Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Data
                   

Net sales

   Ps.1,586,728   Ps. 1,161,760   Ps. 1,074,093   Ps.1,397,030   Ps. 1,681,119   U.S.$ 85,410 

Operating income

   615,480   (154,387  424,350   104,725   367,400   18,666 

Financing income

   3,014   14,991   13,749   16,166   31,557   1,603 

Financing cost

   (51,559  (67,774  (98,844  (117,645  (120,727  (6,134

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income—Net

   (9,439  (21,450  (14,000  25,338   (22,259  (1,131

Exchange (loss) gain—Net

   (76,999  (154,766  (254,012  23,184   23,659   1,202 

Net (loss) income for the period

   (265,543  (712,567  (191,144  (280,851  (180,420  (9,166

Statement of Financial Position Data (end of period)

       

Cash and cash equivalents

   117,989   109,369   163,532   97,852   81,912   4,162 

Total assets

   2,128,368   1,775,654   2,329,886   2,132,002   2,075,197   105,431 

Long-term debt

   997,384   1,300,873   1,807,004   1,880,666   1,890,490   96,047 

Totallong-term liabilities

   2,561,930   2,663,922   3,136,704   3,245,227   3,086,826   156,828 

Total equity (deficit)

   (767,721  (1,331,676  (1,233,008  (1,502,352  (1,459,405  (74,146

Statement of Cash Flows

       

Depreciation and amortization

   143,075   167,951   150,439   156,705   153,382   7,793 

Acquisition of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and
equipment(3)

   230,679   253,514   151,408   91,859   (94,004  (4,776

(1)

Includes Petróleos Mexicanos, the subsidiary entities and the subsidiary companies listed in Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(2)

Translations into U.S. dollars of amounts in pesos have been made at the exchange rate established by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit for accounting purposes of Ps. 19.6829 = U.S. $1.00 at December 31, 2018. Such translations should not be construed as a representation that the peso amounts have been or could be converted into U.S. dollar amounts at the foregoing or any other rate.

(3)

Includes capitalized financing cost. See Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements included herein and “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Source:

PEMEX’s consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS, as it relates to the selected statements of comprehensive income, statement of financial position and statement of cash flows data; and Petróleos Mexicanos, as it relates to other financial data.

RISK FACTORS

Risk Factors Related to Our Operations

“—We have a substantial amount of indebtedness and other liabilities and are exposed to liquidity constraints, which could make it difficult for us to obtain financing on favorable terms and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and ability to repay our debt and, ultimately, our ability to operate as a going concern.concern” above.

WeIn addition, we have a substantial amount of debt. Dueentered into and continue to our heavy tax burden, our cash flow from operations in recent years has not been sufficient to fund our capital expendituresenter into, strategic alliances, joint ventures and other expenses and, accordingly, our debt has significantly increased and our working capital has deteriorated. Relatively low oil prices and declining production have also had a negative impact on our ability to generate positive cash flows, which, togetherjoint arrangements with our heavy tax burden, has further exacerbated our ability to fund our capital expenditures and other expenses. Therefore,third parties in order to develop our hydrocarbon reserves and amortize scheduled debt maturities, we will need to obtain funds from a broad range of sources, in addition to implementing the efficiency andcost-cutting initiatives described in this annual report.

As of December 31, 2018, our total indebtedness, including accrued interest, was Ps. 2,082.3 billion (U.S. $105.8 billion), which represented a 2.2% increase compared to our total indebtedness, including accrued interest, of Ps. 2,037.9 billion (U.S. $103.5 billion) as of December 31, 2017. 27.2% of our existing debt as of December 31, 2018, or Ps. 566.1 billion (U.S. $28.8 billion), is scheduled to mature in the next three years, including Ps. 191.8 billion (U.S. $9.7 billion) scheduled to mature in 2019. As of December 31, 2018, we had a negative working capital of Ps. 54.7 billion (U.S. $2.8 billion). Our level of debt may increase further in the short or medium term as a result of new financing activities or depreciation of the peso as compared to the U.S. dollar, and may have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity position. To service our debt, we have relied and may continue to rely on a combination of cash flows provided by our operations, drawdowns under our available credit facilities and the incurrence of additional indebtedness. See “Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects —Liquidity and Capital Resources — Overview—Changes to Our Business Plan.”

reserves. If we were unable to obtain financingfind partners for such joint arrangements, or if our partners were to significantly default on favorable terms, this could hamper our abilitytheir obligations to obtain further financing, invest in projects financed through debt and meet our principal and interest payment obligations with our creditors. As a result,us, we may be exposed to liquidity constraints and may not be able to service our debt or make the capital expenditures requiredunable to maintain our current production levels or extract from our reserves. Moreover, we cannot assure you that these strategic alliances, joint ventures and to maintain, and increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government, which may adversely affectother joint arrangements will be successful or reduce our financial condition and results of operations. Seecapital commitments. For more information, see “—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—Pemex’s Operations—We must make significant capital expenditures to maintain our current production levels,participate in strategic alliances, joint ventures and to maintain, as well as increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government. Reductions in our income, adjustments to our capital expenditures budget and our inability to obtain financing may limit our ability to make capital investments” below.

If such constraints occur at a time when our cash flow from operations is less than the resources necessary to meet our debt service obligations, in order to provide additional liquidity to our operations, we could be forced to further reduce our planned capital expenditures, implement further austerity measures and/or sell additionalnon-strategic assets in order to raise funds. A reduction in our capital expenditure program could adversely affect our financial condition and resultsother joint arrangements. These types of operations. Additionally, such measuresarrangements may not be sufficient to permit us to meet our obligations.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that we will continueperform as a going concern. However, there exists substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of that uncertainty. If the actions we are taking to improve our financial condition,expected, which are described in detail under “Item 5 — Operating and Financial Review and Prospects —Liquidity and Capital Resources — Overview—Changes to Our Business Plan,” are not successful, we may not be able to continue operating as a going concern.

Downgrades in our credit ratings could negatively impact our access to the financial markets and cost of financing.

We rely on access to the financial markets to finance the capital expenditures needed to carry out our capital investment projects. Accordingly, maintaining investment grade credit ratings is important to our business and financial condition, as credit ratings affect the cost and other terms upon which we are able to obtain funding. Certain rating agencies have expressed concerns regarding: (1) our heavy tax burden; (2) the total amount of our debt and the ratio of our debt to our proven reserves; (3) the significant increase in our indebtedness over the last several years; (4) our negative free cash flow; (5) the natural decline of certain of our oil fields and lower quality of crude oil; (6) our substantial unfunded reserve for retirement pensions and seniority premiums, which was equal to Ps. 1,080.5 billion (U.S. $54.9 billion) as of December 31, 2018; (7) the persistence of our operating expenses notwithstanding declines in oil prices; (8) the possibility that our budget for capital expenditures will be insufficient to maintain and exploit reserves; and (9) the involvement of the Mexican Government in our strategy, financing and management.

On April 12, 2018, Moody’s Investors Service announced the revision of its outlook for our credit ratings from negative to stable and affirmed our global foreign currency rating as Baa3 and our global local currency credit rating as Aa3. On January 29, 2019, Fitch Ratings lowered our credit rating from BBB+ toBBB- in both global local and global foreign currency and affirmed the outlook for our credit ratings as negative. On March 4, 2019, Standard and Poor’s announced the revision of the outlook for our credit ratings from stable to negative and affirmed our global foreign currency credit rating as BBB+ and our global local currency rating asA-.

Any further lowering of our credit ratings, particularly below investment grade, may have material adverse consequences on our ability to access the financial markets and/or our cost of financing. In turn, this could significantly harm our ability to meet our existing obligations, financial conditionreputation and results of operations. Credit rating downgrades could also negatively impact the prices of our debt securities. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our current credit ratings or outlooks.

Crude oil and natural gas prices are volatile and low crude oil and natural gas prices adversely affect our income and cash flows and the amount of hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell.

International crude oil and natural gas prices are subject to global supply and demand and fluctuate due to many factors beyond our control. These factors include competition within the oil and natural gas industry, the prices and availability of alternative sources of energy, international economic trends, exchange rate fluctuations, expectations of inflation, domestic and foreign laws and government regulations, political and other events in major oil and natural gas producing and consuming nations and actions taken by oil exporting countries, trading activity in oil and natural gas and transactions in derivative financial instruments (which we refer to as DFIs) related to oil and gas.

When international crude oil, petroleum product and/or natural gas prices are low, we generally earn less revenue and, therefore, generate lower cash flows and earn less income before taxes and duties because our costs remain roughly constant. Conversely, when crude oil, petroleum product and natural gas prices are high, we earn more revenue and our income before taxes and duties increases. Crude oil export prices, which had generally traded above U.S. $75.00 per barrel since October 2009 and traded above U.S. $100.00 per barrel as of July 30, 2014, began to fall in August 2014. The weighted average Mexican crude oil export price fell further in subsequent years, reaching U.S. $18.90 per barrel on January 20, 2016. Crude oil export prices have since stabilized, with the Mexican crude oil export price averaging of U.S. $62.29 per barrel in 2018. However, prices remain significantly below 2014 levels and fluctuated greatly in 2018.

Any future decline in international crude oil and natural gas prices will likely have a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, significant fluctuations may affect estimates of the amount of Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell, which could affect our future production levels. See “—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—Information on Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves is based on estimates, which are uncertain and subject to revisions” below and “Item 11—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Changes in Exposure to Main Risks—Market Risk—Hydrocarbon Price Risk.”

We are an integrated oil and gas company and are exposed to production, equipment and transportation risks, criminal acts, blockades to our facilities,cyber-attacks, failure in our information technology system and deliberate acts of terror that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to several risks that are common among oil and gas companies. These risks include production risks (fluctuations in production due to operational hazards, natural disasters or weather, accidents, etc.), equipment risks (relating to the adequacy and condition of our facilities and equipment) and transportation risks (relating to the condition and vulnerability of pipelines and other modes of transportation). More specifically, our business is subject to the risks of explosions in pipelines, refineries, plants, drilling wells and other facilities, oil spills, hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and other natural or geological disasters and accidents, fires and mechanical failures.

Our operations are also subject to the risk of criminal acts to divert our crude oil, natural gas or refined products from our pipeline network, including the theft, and tampering with the quality, of our products. We have experienced an increase in the illegal trade in the fuels that we produce and in the illegal “tapping” of our pipelines, which has resulted in explosions, property and environmental damage, injuries and loss of life, as well as loss of revenue from the stolen product.

In 2018, we discovered 14,910 illegal pipeline taps. We are also subject to the risk that some of our employees may, or may be perceived to, be participating in the illicit market in fuels. In addition, our facilities are subject to the risk of sabotage, terrorism and blockades. For example, in early 2017 we experienced widespread demonstrations, including blockades, as a result of the Mexican Government’s increase in fuel prices during 2017, which prevented us from accessing certain of our supply terminals and caused gasoline shortages at several retail service stations in Mexico. The occurrence of incidents such as these related to the production, processing and transportation of oil and gas products could result in personal injuries, loss of life, environmental damage from the subsequent containment,clean-up and repair expenses, equipment damage and damage to our facilities, which in turn could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our operations depend on our information technology systems and therefore cybersecurity plays a key role in protecting our operations.Cyber-threats andcyber-attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, coordinated and costly, and could be targeted at our operations. Although we have established an information security program that helps us to prevent, detect and correct vulnerabilities, and we have not yet suffered a significantcyber-attack, if the integrity of our information technology system were to be compromised due to acyber-attack, or due to the negligence or misconduct of our employees, our business operations could be disrupted or even paralyzed and our proprietary information could be lost or stolen. As a result of these risks, we could face, among other things, regulatory action, legal liability, damage to our reputation, a significant reduction in revenues, an increase in costs, a shutdown of operations, or loss of our investments in areas affected by suchcyber-attacks, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations and financial condition.

We purchase comprehensive insurance policies covering most of these risks; however, these policies may not cover all liabilities, and insurance may not be available for some of the consequential risks. There can be no assurance that significant incidents will not occur in the future, that insurance will adequately cover the entire scope or extent of our losses or that we will not be held responsible for such incidents. The occurrence of a significant incident or unforeseen liability for which we are not fully insured or for which insurance recovery is significantly delayed could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—PEMEX Corporate Matters—Insurance.”

A continued decline in our proved hydrocarbon reserves and production could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Some of our existing oil and gas producing fields are mature and, as a result, our reserves and production may decline as reserves are depleted. In recent years the replacement rate for our proved hydrocarbon reserves has been insufficient to prevent a decline in our proved reserves. During 2018, our total proved reserves decreased by 683.7 million barrels of crude oil equivalent, or 8.9%, after accounting for discoveries, extensions, revisions, and delimitations, from 7,694.7 million barrels of crude oil equivalent as of December 31, 2017 to 7,010.3 million barrels of crude oil equivalent as of December 31, 2018. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview––Exploration and Production––Reserves” for more information about the factors leading to this decline. Ourreserve-replacement ratio, or RRR, in 2018 was 34.7%, as compared to our RRR of 17.5% in 2017. In addition, our crude oil production decreased by 5.0% in 2016, by 9.5% in 2017 and by 6.4% in 2018, primarily as a result of the decline of the Cantarell,Yaxché-Xanab, Crudo Ligero Marino, ElGolpe-Puerto Ceiba,Bellota-Chinchorro, Antonio J. Bermúdez,Cactus-Sitio Grande,Ixtal-Manik, Chuc, Costero Terreste andTsimín-Xux projects. There can be no assurance that we will be able to stop or reverse the decline in our proved reserves and production, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.condition” above and “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development—Capital Expenditures.”

DevelopmentsThe Mexican Government has historically imposed price controls in the domestic market on our products.

The Mexican Government has from time to time imposed price controls on the sales of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel, gas oil intended for domestic use, fuel oil and other products. As a result of these price controls, we have not been able to pass on all of the increases in the prices of our product purchases to our customers in the domestic market when the peso depreciates in relation to the U.S. dollar. A depreciation of the peso increases our cost of oil and gas industryproducts, without a corresponding increase in our revenues unless we are able to increase the price at which we sell products in Mexico.

In accordance with the Ley de Ingresos de la Federación para el Ejercicio Fiscal de 2017 (2017 Federal Revenue Law), during 2017 the Mexican Government gradually removed price controls on gasoline and other factors may result in substantialwrite-downsdiesel as part of the carrying amount of certain of our assets, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We evaluate on an annual basis, or more frequently where the circumstances require, the carrying amount of our assets for possible impairment. Our impairment tests are performed by a comparison of the carrying amount of an individual asset or acash-generating unit with its recoverable amount. Whenever the recoverable amount of an individual asset orcash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce the carrying amount to the recoverable amount.

Changes in the economic, regulatory, business or political environment in Mexico or other markets where we operate, such as the liberalization of fuel prices or a significant decline in international crude oilMexico. As of the date of this annual report, sales prices of gasoline and gas prices, among other factors, may resultdiesel have been fully liberalized and are determined by the free market. For more information, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Industrial Transformation.” However, we do not control the Mexican Government’s domestic policies and the Mexican Government could impose additional price controls on the domestic market in the recognitionfuture. The imposition of impairment charges in certainsuch price controls would adversely affect our results of our assets. Due tooperations. For more information, see “Item 4—Information on the decline in oil prices, we have performed impairment tests of ournon-financial assets (other than inventoriesCompany—Business Overview—Refining—Pricing Decrees” and deferred taxes) at“Item 4—Information on the end of each quarter. As of December 31, 2016Company—Business Overview—Gas and 2017, we recognized a net reversal of impairment of Ps. 331,314 million and an impairment charge of Ps. 151,444 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, we recognized a net reversal of impairment in the amount of Ps. 21,419 million. See Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements for further information about the impairment of certain of our assets. Future developments in the economic environment, in the oil and gas industry and other factors could result in further substantial impairment charges, adversely affecting our operating results and financial condition.Aromatics—Pricing Decrees.”

Increased competitionWe may claim some immunities under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and Mexican law, and your ability to sue or recover may be limited.

We are public-sector entities of the Mexican Government. Accordingly, you may not be able to obtain a judgment in a U.S. court against us unless the U.S. court determines that we are not entitled to sovereign immunity with respect to that action. Under certain circumstances, Mexican law may limit your ability to enforce judgments against us in the energy sector could adversely affect our business and financial performance.

The Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos(Political Constitutioncourts of Mexico. We also do not know whether Mexican courts would enforce judgments of U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. Therefore, even if you were able to obtain a U.S. judgment against us, you might not be able to obtain a judgment in Mexico that is based on that U.S. judgment. Moreover, you may not be able to enforce a judgment against our property in the United Mexican States except under the limited circumstances specified in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976, as amended. Finally, if you were to bring an action in Mexico seeking to enforce our obligations under any securities issued by Petróleos Mexicanos, satisfaction of those obligations may be made in pesos, pursuant to the laws of Mexico.

Our directors and officers, as well as some of the experts named in this annual report, reside outside the United States. Substantially all of our assets and those of most of our directors, officers and experts are located outside the United States. As a result, investors may not be able to effect service of process on our directors or officers or those experts within the “Mexican Constitution”) was amendedUnited States.

Item 4.

Information on the Company

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

We are the largest company in 2013Mexico according to the July 2020 edition of Expansión magazine, and according to the November 13, 2020 issue of Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, we were the eleventhlargest crude oil producer and the twentieth largestoil and gas company in the world based on data from the year 2019.

Our executive offices are located at Avenida Marina Nacional No. 329, Colonia Verónica Anzures, 11300, Alcandía Miguel Hildalgo, Ciudad de México, México. Our telephone number is (52-55) 9126-8700.

In March 1938, President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río nationalized the foreign-owned oil companies that were then operating in Mexico, and the Mexican Congress established Petróleos Mexicanos through the Decreto que crea la Institución Petróleos Mexicanos (Decree that creates the entity Petróleos Mexicanos), which was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and took effect on July 20, 1938.

Legal Regime

On December 21, 2013, amendments to Articles 25, 27 and 28 of the Mexican Constitution took effect, including transitional articles setting forth the general framework and timeline for implementing legislation relating to the energy sector.

On August 11, 2014, this implementing legislation was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. The implementing legislation includes nine new laws, of which the following are most relevant to our operations:

The Petróleos Mexicanos Law, which took effect, with the exception of certain provisions, on October 7, 2014;

Hydrocarbons Law, which took effect on August 12, 2014; and

Ley de Ingresos sobre Hidrocarburos (Hydrocarbons Revenue Law).

Together, the Hydrocarbons Law and the Hydrocarbons Revenue Law establish the legal framework for the exploration and production of oil and gas through assignments and contracts, as well as the fiscal regime through which the Mexican Government collects revenues from participants in the Mexican oil and gas industry. The Hydrocarbons Law empowers the SENER to determine the appropriate contract model for each area that is subject to a competitive bidding process, while the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit is responsible for determining the economic and fiscal terms of each contract. See “—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime” below in this Item 4. The following arrangements comprise the contractual regime established by the current legal framework for upstream activities:

licenses, pursuant to which a license holder is entitled to the oil and gas that are extracted from the subsoil;

production-sharing contracts, pursuant to which a contractor is entitled to receive a percentage of production;

profit-sharing contracts, pursuant to which a contractor is entitled to receive a percentage of the profit from the sale of the extracted oil and gas;

service contracts, pursuant to which a contractor would receive cash payments for services performed; and

service contracts, together with licenses, production-sharing contracts and profit-sharing contracts are known as the contracts for the exploration and production of oil and gas, collectively referred to as contracts for exploration and production.

For midstream and downstream activities, including oil refining and natural gas processing, the Hydrocarbons Law establishes a permit regime that is granted by the SENER and the Comisión Reguladora de Energía (Energy Regulatory Commission, or CRE), as applicable. The Hydrocarbons Law also sets forth the process by which entities may apply for these permits. The CRE has issued permits for the retail sale of gasoline and diesel fuel since 2016.

Under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, Petróleos Mexicanos is a productive state-owned company, wholly owned by the Mexican Government, and has the corporate purpose of generating economic value and increasing the income of the Mexican nation while adhering to principles of equity, as well as social and environmental responsibility.

On December 2, 2014, the special regime provided for in the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, which governs Petróleos Mexicanos’ activities relating to productive state-owned subsidiaries, affiliates, compensation, assets, administrative liabilities, budget, debt levels and the state dividend, took effect. On June 10, 2015, the Disposiciones Generales de Contratación para Petróleos Mexicanos y Sus Empresas Productivas Subsidiarias (General Provisions for Contracting for Petróleos Mexicanos and its Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries) were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation, and on June 11, 2015, the special regime for acquisitions, leases, services and public works became effective.

Corporate Structure

As of December 31, 2020, the principal lines of business of the subsidiary entities are as follows:

Pemex Exploration and Production, formed on June 1, 2015 as a successor to Pemex-Exploración y Producción(Pemex-Exploration and Production), explores for, extracts, transports, stores and markets crude oil and natural gas, as well as performs drilling and well repair services.

Pemex Fertilizers, formed on August 1, 2015, produces, distributes and commercializes ammonia, fertilizers and its derivatives, as well as provides related services;

Pemex Logistics, formed on October 1, 2015, provides transportation, storage and related services for crude oil, petroleum products and petrochemicals to us and other companies, through pipelines and maritime and terrestrial means, and provides guard and management services;

Pemex Industrial Transformation, formed on November 1, 2015 as a successor of Pemex-Refinación(Pemex-Refining),Pemex-Gas y Petroquímica Básica(Pemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals) and Pemex-Petroquímica(Pemex-Petrochemicals), refines petroleum products and derivatives; processes natural gas, natural gas liquids, artificial gas and derivatives; engages in industrial petrochemical processes; generates, supplies and trades electric and thermal energy; and commercializes, distributes and trades in methane, ethane and propylene.

Each of these subsidiary entities is a legal entity empowered to own property and carry on business in its own name and has technical and operational autonomy, subject to the central coordination and strategic direction of Petróleos Mexicanos.

Prior to July 27, 2018, Pemex Cogeneración y Servicios (Pemex Cogeneration and Services) operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. On July 13, 2018, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos issued the Declaratoria de Liquidación y Extinción de Pemex Cogeneración y Servicios (Declaration of Liquidation and Extinction of Pemex Cogeneration and Services), which was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and became effective on July 27, 2018. As of July 27, 2018, all of the assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of Pemex Cogeneration and Services were automatically assumed by, and transferred to, Pemex Industrial Transformation, and Pemex Industrial Transformation became, as a matter of Mexican law, the successor to Pemex Cogeneration and Services. Pemex Cogeneration and Services was in turn dissolved effective as of July 27, 2018.

Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Perforación y Servicios (Pemex Drilling and Services) and Ley de Hidrocarburos (Hydrocarbons Law) was enacted in 2014 in order to allow other oil and gas companies, in addition to us, to carry out certain activities related to the energy sector in Mexico, including exploration and production activities, and the import and sale of gasoline. As a result, we face competition for the right to explore and develop new oil and gas reserves in Mexico. We also face competition in connection with certain refining, transportation and processing activities. Increased competition could make it difficult for us to hire and retain skilled personnel. While we have not yet experienced significant adverse effects from increased competition, there can be no assurances that we will not experience such adverse effects in the future. If we are unable to compete successfully with other oil and gas companies in the energy sector in Mexico, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We participate in strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements. These arrangements may not perform as expected, which could harm our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have entered into and may in the future enter into strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements. These arrangements are intended to reduce risks in exploration and production, refining, transportation and processing activities. Our partners in such arrangements may, as a result of financial or other difficulties, be unable or unwilling to fulfill their financial or other obligations under our agreements, threatening the viability of the relevant project. In addition, our partners may have inconsistent or opposing economic or business interests and take action contrary to our policies or objectives, which could be to our overall detriment. If our strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements do not perform as expected, our reputation may be harmed and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We are subject to Mexican and internationalanti-corruption,anti-bribery andanti-money laundering laws. Our failure to comply with these laws could result in penalties, which could harm our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to Mexican and internationalanti-corruption,anti-bribery andanti-money laundering laws. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—General Regulatory Framework.” Although we maintain policies and processes intended to comply with these laws, including the review of our internal control over financial reporting, we are subject to the risk that our management, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us may engage in fraudulent activity, corruption or bribery, circumvent or override our internal controls and procedures or misappropriate or manipulate our assets for their personal benefit or business advantageof third parties to our detriment. WeThis risk is heightened by the fact that we have in place a large number of complex, valuable contracts with local and foreign third parties. Although we have systems in place for identifying, monitoring and mitigating these risks, but our systems may not be effective and we cannot ensure that these compliance policies and processes will prevent intentional, reckless or negligent acts committed by our officersmanagement, employees, contractors or employees.any person doing business with us. Any failure—real or perceived—by our officersmanagement, employees, contractors or employeesany person doing business with us to comply with applicable governance or regulatory obligations could harm our reputation, limit our ability to obtain financing and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to comply with any applicableanti-corruption,anti-bribery oranti-money laundering laws, we and our officers andmanagement, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us may be subject to criminal, administrative or civil penalties and other measures, which could have material adverse effects on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. Any investigation of potential violations ofanti-corruption,anti-bribery oranti-money laundering laws by governmental authorities in Mexico or other jurisdictions could result in an inability to prepare our consolidated financial statements in a timely manner and could adversely impact our reputation, ability to access financial markets and ability to obtain contracts, assignments, permits and other government authorizations necessary to participate in our industry, which, in turn, could have adverse effects on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our management has identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting for each of the last fourfive years and has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective at December 31, 2018,2020, which may have a material adverse result on our results of operation and financial condition.

Our management identified twoone material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in 2018.2020. For further information on the material weaknessesweakness identified by our management in 2018,2020, see “Item 15—Controls and Procedures—Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” In light of the identified material weaknesses,weakness, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective at December 31, 2018.2020. Although we have developedare developing and implementedimplementing several measures to remedy these material weaknesses, we cannot be certain that there will be no other material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future.

In addition, our management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements as of and for each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2017.2020. In light of the identified material weaknesses, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective at December 31 of each of those years. We disclosed the circumstances giving rise to these material weaknesses—which were generally different from one year to the next—in our annual reports on Form20-F for the years 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively.corresponding to each of those years. As of the date of this annual report, we believe that each of these material weaknesses has been remediated.remediated, except for those in 2019 and 2020 for which we are in the process of implementing the corresponding remediation actions. For more information, see “Item 15––Controls and Procedures––Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”.

If our efforts to remediate the material weaknesses identified in 20182020 are not successful,unsuccessful, we may be unable to report our results of operations for future periods accurately and in a timely manner and make our required filings with government authorities, including the SEC. We cannot be certain that additional material weaknesses will not develop or be discovered in the future. There is also a risk that there could be accounting errors in our financial reporting, and we cannot be certain that in the future additional material weaknesses will not exist or otherwise be discovered. Any of these occurrences could adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition.

Our compliance with environmental regulations in Mexico, including in connection with efforts to address climate change, could result in material adverse effects on our results of operations.

A wide range of general andindustry-specific Mexican federal and state environmental laws and regulations apply to our operations; these laws and regulations are often difficult and costly to comply with and carry substantial penalties fornon-compliance. This regulatory burden increases our costs because it requires us to make significant capital expenditures and limits our ability to extract hydrocarbons, resulting in lower revenues. For an estimate of our accrued environmental liabilities, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Environmental Regulation—Environmental Liabilities.” Growing international concern over greenhouse gas emissions and climate change could result in new laws and regulations that could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. International agreements, including the Paris Agreement approved by the Mexican Government, contemplate coordinated efforts to combat climate change. We may become subject to market changes, including carbon taxes, efficiency standards,cap-and-trade and emission allowances and credits. These measures could increase our operating and maintenance costs, increase the price of our hydrocarbon products and possibly shift consumer demand tolower-carbon sources. See “Item 4 — 4—Environmental Regulation —ClimateRegulation—Climate Change” for more information on the Mexican Government’s current legal and regulatory framework for combatting climate change.

Discontinuation, reform or replacement of the London Interbank Offered Rate (or LIBOR) or other benchmark interest rates, or uncertainty related to the potential for any of the foregoing, may impact our business.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2020, we had Ps. 151.6 billion (U.S. $8.0 billion) and Ps. 158.8 billion (U.S. $7.9 billion), respectively of variable rate indebtedness linked to LIBOR or other benchmark rates. In July 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced its intention to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2023. In addition, other regulators have suggested reforming or replacing other benchmark rates. As there is not yet definitive information regarding the phase-out of LIBOR, we cannot currently predict the effect of the discontinuation, reform or replacement of LIBOR. However, the phase out of LIBOR and the discontinuation, reform or replacement of other benchmark rates may have an unpredictable impact on, or cause disruption to, the broader financial markets or borrowing costs to borrowers. These developments may in turn increase the cost of our variable rate indebtedness or otherwise have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Risk Factors Related to Mexico

Economic conditions and government policies in Mexico and elsewhere may have a material impact on our operations.

A deterioration in Mexico’s economic condition, social instability, political unrest or other adverse social developments in Mexico could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Those events could also lead to increased volatility in the foreign exchange and financial markets, thereby affecting our ability to obtain new financing and service our debt. Additionally, the Mexican Government in the past hasNovember 2015, February 2016 and September 2016 announced budget cuts in response to declines in international crude oil prices, and, whileprices. Although the Mexican Government did not reduce our budget in 2017 and announced a budget increase in each of December of 2018 itand 2019, given the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and the global economy, on July 14, 2020, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos authorized the amendment of the 2020 budget for Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities. This amendment decreased our budget revenue of Ps. 4.5 billion, which was offset by a net decrease in expenses by Ps. 21.0 billion, consisting of (1) a decrease in investment expenditure by Ps. 28.0 billion (including non-capitalizable maintenance), (2) an increase in operating expense of Ps. 7.0 billion and (3) an increase in financing cost of Ps. 16.5 billion. Further, the Mexican Government may reduce our budget in the future. Any new budget cuts could adversely affect the Mexican economy and, consequently, our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. See “—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—The Mexican Government controls us and it could limit our ability to satisfy our external debt obligations or could reorganize or transfer us or our assets” below. Any new budget cuts

In addition, many countries around the world, including Mexico, are suffering significant economic and social crises as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as well as oil price volatility, and these events may continue for a sustained period of time. In addition to these economic effects, the COVID-19 pandemic has, and continues to adversely impact the places in which we operate and our workforce, and could significantly disrupt our operations. Given that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will likely continue for an extended period of time, it could adversely affect our ability to operate our business in the manner and on the timelines previously planned. The extent to which COVID-19 or other health pandemics or epidemics may impact Mexico and the Mexican economy and, consequently,in turn, our business, financial condition, operating results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and prospects.cannot be predicted.

In the past, Mexico has experienced several periods of slow or negative economic growth, high inflation, high interest rates, currency devaluation and other economic problems. These problems may worsen or reemerge, as applicable, in the future and could adversely affect our business and ability to service our debt. A deterioration in international financial or economic conditions, such as a slowdown in growth or recessionary conditions in Mexico’s trading partners, including the United States, or the emergence of a new financial crisis, could have adverse effects on the Mexican economy, our financial condition and our ability to service our debt.

Changes in Mexico’s exchange control laws may hamper our ability to service our foreign currency debt.

The Mexican Government does not currently restrict the ability of Mexican companies or individuals to convert pesos into other currencies. However, we cannot provide assurances that the Mexican Government will maintain its current policies with regard to the peso. In the future, the Mexican Government could impose a restrictive exchange control policy, as it has done in the past. Mexican Government policies preventing us from exchanging pesos into U.S. dollars could hamper our ability to service our foreign currency obligations, including our debt, the majority of which is denominated in currencies other than pesos.

Mexico has experienced a period of increasing criminal activity, which could affect our operations.

In recent years, Mexico has experienced a period of increasing criminal activity, primarily due to the activities of drug cartels and related criminal organizations. In addition, the development of the illicit market in fuels in Mexico has led to increases in theft and illegal trade in the fuels that we produce. In response, the Mexican Government has implemented various security measures and has strengthened its military and police forces, and we have also established various strategic measures aimed at decreasing incidents of theft and other criminal activity directed at our facilities and products. See “Item 8—Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Actions Against the Illicit Market in Fuels.” Despite these efforts, criminal activity continues to exist in Mexico, some of which may target our facilities and products. These activities, their possible escalation and the violence associated with them, in an extreme case, may have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Economic and political developments in Mexico and the United States may adversely affect Mexican economic policy and, in turn, PEMEX’s operations.

Political events in Mexico may significantly affect Mexican economic policy and, consequently, our operations. Presidential and federal congressional elections in Mexico were held on July 1, 2018. Mr. Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a member of theMovimiento RegeneracióRegeneración Nacional (National Regeneration Movement, or Morena)MORENA), was elected President of Mexico and took office on December 1, 2018, replacing Mr. Enrique Peña Nieto, a member of thePartido Revolucionario Institucional(Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI). The newcurrent President’s term will expire on September 30, 2024. Thenewly-elected members of the Mexican Congress took office on September 1, 2018. As of the date of this annual report, the National Regeneration MovementMORENA party holds an absolute majority in the Cámara de Diputados (Chamber of Deputies). On June 6, 2021, intermediate elections will be held in Mexico to elect 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies. The newly elected members of the Chamber of Deputies will take office on September 1, 2021.

The newcurrent administration and the Mexican Congress have the power to revise the legal framework that governs us, and the current administration and the Mexican Congress are discussing a number of reforms that could affect economic conditions or the oil and gas industry in Mexico. Until any reform has been adopted and implemented, we cannot predict how these policies could impact our results of operation and financial position. We cannot provide any assurances that political developments in Mexico will not have an adverse effect on the Mexican economy or oil and gas industry and, in turn, our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our ability to repay our debt.

Economic conditions in Mexico are highly correlated with economic conditions in the United States due to the physical proximity and the high degree of economic activity between the two countries generally, including the trade facilitated by the North American Free TradeUnited States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or NAFTA.the USMCA, which was signed by the presidents of Mexico, the United States and Canada on November 30, 2018 and subsequently ratified by the legislatures of the three countries. As a result, political developments in the United States, including changes in the administration and governmental policies, can also have an impact on the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Mexican peso, economic conditions in Mexico and the global capital markets.

Since 2003,During 2020, our export sales to the United States amounted to Ps. 303.8 billion, representing 31.9% of total sales and 68.2% of export sales for the year. While the USMCA provides that exports of petrochemical products from Mexico to the United States have enjoyedwill continue to enjoy azero-tariff rate, under NAFTAany shift in the trade relationships between Mexico and subject to limited exceptions, exports of crude oil and petroleum products have also been free or exempt from tariffs. During 2018, our export sales to the United States amounted to Ps. 434.8 billion, representing 25.9% of total sales and 62.8% of export sales for the year. On November 30, 2018, the presidents of Mexico, the United States and Canada signed the UnitedStates-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or the USMCA, which, if ratified by the legislaturesas a result of the three countries, would replace NAFTA. As of the date of this annual report, there is uncertainty about whether the USMCA will be ratified, as well as the timing thereof, and the potential for furtherre-negotiation, or even termination, of NAFTA. Any increase of import tariffs resulting from the implementation of the USMCA or there-negotiation or termination of NAFTA could make it economically unsustainable for U.S. companies to import our petrochemical, crude oil and petroleum products if they are unable to transfer those additional costs onto consumers, which would increase our expenses and decrease our revenues, even if domestic and international prices for our products remain constant. Higher tariffs on products that we export to the United States could also require us to renegotiate our contracts or lose business, resulting in a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

In addition, because the Mexican economy is heavily influenced by the U.S. economy, policies that may be adopted by the U.S. government may adversely affect economic conditions in Mexico. These developments could in turn have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to repay our debt.

Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government

The Mexican Government controls us and it could limit our ability to satisfy our external debt obligations or could reorganize or transfer us or our assets.

We are controlled by the Mexican Government and our annual budget may be adjusted by the Mexican Government in certain respects. Pursuant to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, Petróleos Mexicanos was transformed from a decentralized public entity to a productivestate-owned company on October 7, 2014. The Petróleos Mexicanos Law establishes a special regime governing, among other things, our budget, debt levels, administrative liabilities, acquisitions, leases, services and public works. This special regime provides Petróleos Mexicanos with additional technical and managerial autonomy and, subject to certain restrictions, with additional autonomy with respect to our budget. Notwithstanding this increased autonomy, the Mexican Government still controls us and has the power to adjust our financial balance goal, which represents our targeted net cash flow for the fiscal year based on our projected revenues and expenses, and our annual wage and salary expenditures, subject to the approval of theCámara de Diputados (Chamber Chamber of Deputies).Deputies.

The adjustments to our annual budget mentioned above may compromise our ability to develop the reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government and to successfully compete with other oil and gas companies that may enter the Mexican energy sector. See “Item 4—General Regulatory Framework” for more information about the Mexican Government’s authority with respect to our budget. In addition, the Mexican Government’s control over us could adversely affect our ability to make payments under any securities issued by Petróleos Mexicanos. Although we are wholly owned by the Mexican Government, our financing obligations do not constitute obligations of and are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government. See “—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—Our financing obligations are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government” below.

The Mexican Government’s agreements with international creditors may affect our external debt obligations. In certain past debt restructurings of the Mexican Government, Petróleos Mexicanos’ external indebtedness was treated on the same terms as the debt of the Mexican Government and otherpublic-sector entities, and it may be treated on similar terms in any future debt restructuring. In addition, Mexico has entered into agreements with official bilateral creditors to reschedulepublic-sector external debt. Mexico has not requested restructuring of bonds or debt owed to multilateral agencies.

The Mexican Government has the power, if the Mexican Constitution and federal law were amended, to reorganize our corporate structure, including a transfer of all or a portion of our assets to an entity not controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Mexican Government. See “—Risk Factors Related to Mexico” above.

Our financing obligations are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government.

Although Petróleos Mexicanos is wholly owned by the Mexican Government, our financing obligations do not constitute obligations of and are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government. As a result, the Mexican Government would have no legal obligation to make principal or interest payments on our debt if we were unable to satisfy our financial obligations.

We pay significant taxes and duties to the Mexican Government, and, if certain conditions are met, we may be required to pay a state dividend, which may limit our capacity to expand our investment program or negatively impact our financial condition generally.

We are required to make significant payments to the Mexican Government, including in the form of taxes and duties, which may limit our ability to make capital investments. In 2018, we paidFor the year ended December 31, 2020, our total taxes and duties were Ps. 570.3185.6 billion, to the Mexican Governmentor 19.5% of our sales revenues in the form of taxes and duties, which constituted a substantial portion of the Mexican Government’s revenues. On April 21, 2020, the Mexican Government, through a presidential decree, granted us a reduction in our tax burden equal to Ps. 65.0 billion for 2020 via a tax credit applicable to the Derecho por laUtilidad Compartida (Profit-sharing Duty or “DUC”). During 2020, we applied this tax credit in the amount of Ps. 65.0 billion. On February 19, 2021, the Mexican Government, through a presidential decree, granted us a reduction in our tax burden equal to Ps. 73.3 billion for 2021 via a tax credit applicable to the Profit-sharing Duty.

In addition, we are generally required, subject to the conditions set forth in the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, to pay a state dividend to the Mexican Government. We were not required to pay a state dividend in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 20182020, and we will not be required to pay a state dividend in 2019.2021. See “Item 8—Financial Information—Dividends” for more information. Although the Mexican Government has on occasion indicated a willingwillingness to reduce its reliance on payments made by us and recent changes to the fiscal regime applicable to us are designed in part to reduce such reliance by the Mexican Government, we cannot provide assurances that we will not be required to continue to pay a large proportion of our sales revenue to the Mexican Government. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime.” In addition, the Mexican Government may change the applicable rules in the future.

The Mexican Government has entered into agreements with other nations to limit production.

Although Mexico is not a member of OPEC, from time to time it enters into agreements with OPEC and non-OPEC countries to reduce global crude oil supply. On April 12, 2020, Mexico entered into an agreement with OPEC+ whereby it agreed to reduce its crude oil production by 100,000 barrels per day for a period of two months beginning on May 1, 2020. During 2020, the average crude oil production (including condensates and not including production from partners) for January through April 2020 reached 1,736 thousand barrels per day. Crude oil production from May through December 2020 averaged 1,662 thousand barrels per day. We do not control the Mexican Government’s international affairs and the Mexican Government could enter into further agreements with OPEC, OPEC+ or other countries to reduce our crude oil production or exports in the future. A reduction in our oil production or exports may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For more information, see “Item 4—Trade Regulation, Export Agreements and Production Agreements.”

The Mexican nation, not us, owns the hydrocarbon reserves located in the subsoil in Mexico and our right to continue to extract these reserves is subject to the approval of the MinistrySecretaría de Energía (Ministry of Energy.Energy or SENER).

The Mexican Constitution provides that the Mexican nation, not us, owns all petroleum and other hydrocarbon reserves located in the subsoil in Mexico. Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution provides that the Mexican Government will carry out exploration and production activities through agreements with third parties and through assignments to and agreements with us. The Secondary Legislation allows usWe and other oil and gas companies are allowed to explore and extract the petroleum and other hydrocarbon reserves located in Mexico, subject to assignment of rights by the Ministry of EnergySENER and entry into agreements pursuant to a competitive bidding process.

Access to crude oil and natural gas reserves is essential to an oil and gas company’s sustained production and generation of income, and our ability to generate income would be materially and adversely affected if the Mexican Government were to restrict or prevent us from exploring or extracting any of the crude oil and natural gas reserves that it has assigned to us or if we are unable to compete effectively with other oil and gas companies in potential future bidding rounds for additional exploration and production rights in Mexico. For more information, see “—We must make significant capital expenditures to maintain our current production levels, and to maintain, as well as increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government. Reductions in our income, adjustments to our capital expenditures budget and our inability to obtain financing may limit our abilitypotential to make capital investments” below.

Information on Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves is based on estimates, which are uncertain and subject to revisions.

The information on oil, gas and other reserves set forth in this annual report is based on estimates. Reserves valuation is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of crude oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner; the accuracy of any reserves estimate depends on the quality and reliability of available data, engineering and geological interpretation and subjective judgment. Additionally, estimates may be revised based on subsequent results of drilling, testing and production. These estimates are also subject to certain adjustments based on changes in variables, including crude oil prices. Therefore, proved reserves estimates may differ materially from the ultimately recoverable quantities of crude oil and natural gas. Downward revisions in our reserve estimates could lead to lower future production, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. See “—Risk Factors Related to Our Operations—Crude oil, and natural gas and petroleum products prices are volatile and low crude oil and natural gas prices adversely affect our income and cash flows and the amount of hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell” above. We revise annually our estimates of hydrocarbon reserves that we are entitled to extract and sell, which may result in material revisions to these estimates. Our ability to maintain ourlong-term growth objectives for oil production depends on our ability to successfully develop our reserves, and failure to do so could prevent us from achieving ourlong-term goals for growth in production.

TheComisióComisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (National Hydrocarbon Commission, or CNH)“CNH”) has the authority to review and approve our estimated hydrocarbon reserves estimates and may require us to make adjustments toadjust these estimates. A request to adjust these reserves estimates could result in our inability to prepare our consolidated financial statements in a timely manner. This could adversely impact our ability to access financial markets, obtain contracts, assignments, permits and other government authorizations necessary to participate in the crude oil and natural gas industry, which, in turn, could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We must make significant capital expenditures to maintain our current production levels, and to maintain, as well as increase, the proved hydrocarbon reserves assigned to us by the Mexican Government. Reductions in our income, adjustments to our capital expenditures budget and our inability to obtain financing may limit our abilitypotential to make capital investments.

Because our ability to maintain, as well as increase, our oil production levels is highly dependent upon our ability to successfully develop existing hydrocarbon reserves and, in the long term, upon our ability to obtain the right to develop additional reserves, we continually invest capital to enhance our hydrocarbon recovery ratio and improve the reliability and productivity of our infrastructure.

The development of the reserves that were assigned to us by the Mexican Government will demand significant capital investments and will pose significant operational challenges. Our right to develop the reserves assigned to us is conditioned on our ability to develop such reserves in accordance with our development plans, which were based on our technical, financial and operational capabilities at the time. We cannot provide assurances that we will have or will be able to obtain, in the time frame that we expect, sufficient resources or the technical capacity necessary to explore and extract the reserves that the Mexican Government assigned to us, or that it may grant to us in the future. In the past, we have reduced our capital expenditures in response to declining oil prices, and unless we are able to increase our capital expenditures, we may not be able to develop the reserves assigned to us in accordance with our development plans. We would lose the right to continue to extract these reserves if we fail to develop them in accordance with our development plans, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. In addition, increased competition in the oil and gas sector in Mexico may increase the costs of obtaining additional acreage in potential future bidding rounds for the rights to new reserves.

Our ability to make capital expenditures is limited by the substantial taxes and duties that we pay to the Mexican Government, the ability of the Mexican Government to adjust certain aspects of our annual budget, cyclical decreases in our revenues primarily related to lower oil prices and any constraints on our liquidity. The availability of financing may limit our ability to make capital investments that are necessary to maintain current production levels and decrease the proved hydrocarbon reserves that we are entitled to extract. For more information on the liquidity constraints we are exposed to, see “—We have a substantial amount of indebtedness and other liabilities and are exposed to liquidity constraints, which could make it difficult for us to obtain financing on favorable terms and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and ability to repay our debt and, ultimately, our ability to operate as a going concern” above.

In addition, we have entered into and continue to enter into, strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements with third parties in order to develop our reserves. If we were unable to find partners for such joint arrangements, or if our partners were to significantly default on their obligations to us, we may be unable to maintain production levels or extract from our reserves. Moreover, we cannot assure you that these strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements will be successful or reduce our capital commitments. For more information, see “—Risk Factors Related to Pemex’s Operations—We participate in strategic alliances, joint ventures and other joint arrangements. These types of arrangements may not perform as expected, which could harm our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition” above and “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development—Capital Expenditures.”

The Mexican Government has historically imposed price controls in the domestic market on our products.

The Mexican Government has from time to time imposed price controls on the sales of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel, gas oil intended for domestic use, fuel oil and other products. As a result of these price controls, we have not been able to pass on all of the increases in the prices of our product purchases to our customers in the domestic market when the peso depreciates in relation to the U.S. dollar. A depreciation of the peso increases our cost of imported oil and gas products, without a corresponding increase in our revenues unless we are able to increase the price at which we sell products in Mexico.

In accordance with theLey de Ingresos de la FederacióFederación para el Ejercicio Fiscal de 2017 (2017 Federal Revenue Law), during 2017 the Mexican Government gradually removed price controls on gasoline and diesel as part of the liberalization of fuel prices in Mexico. As of the date of this annual report, sales prices of gasoline and diesel have been fully liberalized and are determined by the free market. For more information, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Industrial Transformation.” However, we do not control the Mexican Government’s domestic policies and the Mexican Government could impose additional price controls on the domestic market in the future. The imposition of such price controls would adversely affect our results of operations. For more information, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Refining—Pricing Decrees” and “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Gas and Aromatics—Pricing Decrees.”

We may claim some immunities under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and Mexican law, and your ability to sue or recover may be limited.

We arepublic-sector entities of the Mexican Government. Accordingly, you may not be able to obtain a judgment in a U.S. court against us unless the U.S. court determines that we are not entitled to sovereign immunity with respect to that action. Under certain circumstances, Mexican law may limit your ability to enforce judgments against us in the courts of Mexico. We also do not know whether Mexican courts would enforce judgments of U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. Therefore, even if you were able to obtain a U.S. judgment against us, you might not be able to obtain a judgment in Mexico that is based on that U.S. judgment. Moreover, you may not be able to enforce a judgment against our property in the United States except under the limited circumstances specified in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976, as amended. Finally, if you were to bring an action in Mexico seeking to enforce our obligations under any securities issued by Petróleos Mexicanos, satisfaction of those obligations may be made in pesos, pursuant to the laws of Mexico.

Our directors and officers, as well as some of the experts named in this annual report, reside outside the United States. Substantially all of our assets and those of most of our directors, officers and experts are located outside the United States. As a result, investors may not be able to effect service of process on our directors or officers or those experts within the United States.

Item 4.

Information on the Company

Item 4.       Information on the Company

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

We are the largest company in Mexico according to the July 20182020 edition ofExpansiónmagazine, and according to the November 19, 201813, 2020 issue ofPetroleum Intelligence Weekly,we were the tenthlargesteleventhlargest crude oil producer and the nineteenth largestoiltwentieth largestoil and gas company in the world based on data from the year 2017.2019.

Our executive offices are located at Avenida Marina Nacional No. 329, Colonia Verónica Anzures, 11300, Alcandía Miguel Hildalgo, Ciudad de México, México. Our telephone number is(52-55) 9126-8700.

In March 1938, President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río nationalized theforeign-owned oil companies that were then operating in Mexico, and the Mexican Congress established Petróleos Mexicanos through theDecreto que crea la Institución Petróleos Mexicanos (Decree that creates the entity Petróleos Mexicanos), which was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and took effect on July 20, 1938.

Legal Regime

On December 21, 2013, amendments to Articles 25, 27 and 28 of the Mexican Constitution took effect, including transitional articles setting forth the general framework and timeline for implementing legislation relating to the energy sector.

On August 11, 2014, this implementing legislation was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. The implementing legislation includes nine new laws, of which the following are most relevant to our operations:

 

The Petróleos Mexicanos Law, which took effect, with the exception of certain provisions, on October 7, 2014;

 

Hydrocarbons Law, which took effect on August 12, 2014; and

 

  

Ley de Ingresos sobre Hidrocarburos (Hydrocarbons Revenue Law).

Together, the Hydrocarbons Law and the Hydrocarbons Revenue Law establish the legal framework for the exploration and production of oil and gas through assignments and contracts, as well as the fiscal regime through which the Mexican Government collects revenues from participants in the Mexican oil and gas industry. The Hydrocarbons Law empowers the Ministry of EnergySENER to determine the appropriate contract model for each area that is subject to a competitive bidding process, while the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit is responsible for determining the economic and fiscal terms of each contract. See “—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime” below in this Item 4. The following arrangements comprise the contractual regime established by the current legal framework for upstream activities:

 

licenses, pursuant to which a license holder is entitled to the oil and gas that are extracted from the subsoil;

 

production-sharing contracts, pursuant to which a contractor is entitled to receive a percentage of production;

 

profit-sharing contracts, pursuant to which a contractor is entitled to receive a percentage of the profit from the sale of the extracted oil and gas;

 

service contracts, pursuant to which a contractor would receive cash payments for services performed; and

 

service contracts, together with licenses,production-sharing contracts andprofit-sharing contracts are known as the contracts for the exploration and production of oil and gas, collectively referred to as contracts for exploration and production.

For midstream and downstream activities, including oil refining and natural gas processing, the Hydrocarbons Law establishes a permit regime that is granted by the Ministry of EnergySENER and theComisióComisión Reguladora de EnergíEnergía (Energy Regulatory Commission, or CRE), as applicable. The Hydrocarbons Law also sets forth the process by which entities may apply for these permits. The CRE has issued permits for the retail sale of gasoline and diesel fuel since 2016.

Under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, Petróleos Mexicanos is a productivestate-owned company, wholly owned by the Mexican Government, and has the corporate purpose of generating economic value and increasing the income of the Mexican nation while adhering to principles of equity, as well as social and environmental responsibility.

On December 2, 2014, the special regime provided for in the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, which governs Petróleos Mexicanos’ activities relating to productivestate-owned subsidiaries, affiliates, compensation, assets, administrative liabilities, budget, debt levels and the state dividend, took effect. On June 10, 2015, theDisposiciones Generales de ContratacióContratación para PetróPetróleos Mexicanos y Sus Empresas Productivas Subsidiarias (General Provisions for Contracting for Petróleos Mexicanos and its ProductiveState-Owned Subsidiaries) were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation, and on June 11, 2015, the special regime for acquisitions, leases, services and public works became effective.

Corporate Structure

TheAs of December 31, 2020, the principal lines of business of the productivestate-owned subsidiariessubsidiary entities are as follows:

 

  

Pemex Exploration and Production, formed on June 1, 2015 as a successor toPemex-Exploraci-Exploraciónón y ProduccióProducción(Pemex-Exploration and Production), explores for, extracts, transports, stores and markets crude oil and natural gas;gas, as well as performs drilling and well repair services.

Pemex Drilling and Services, formed on August 1, 2015, performs drilling and well repair services;

 

Pemex Fertilizers, formed on August 1, 2015, integrates the ammonia production chain up to the point of sale of fertilizers;

Pemex Ethylene, formed on August 1, 2015, separates the ethylene business from our petrochemicals segment in order to take advantage of the integration of the ethylene production chain andproduces, distributes and trades other gases, including methanecommercializes ammonia, fertilizers and propylene;its derivatives, as well as provides related services;

 

Pemex Logistics, formed on October 1, 2015, provides land, maritime and pipeline transportation, storage and distributionrelated services for crude oil, petroleum products and petrochemicals to us and third parties;other companies, through pipelines and maritime and terrestrial means, and provides guard and management services;

 

  

Pemex Industrial Transformation, formed on November 1, 2015 as a successor ofPemex-Refinaci-Refinaciónón(Pemex-Refining),Pemex-Gasy PetroquíPetroquímica Básica(Pemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals) andPemex-Petroqu-Petroquímicaímica(Pemex-Petrochemicals), refines petroleum products and derivatives; processes natural gas, natural gas liquids, artificial gas and derivatives; engages in industrial petrochemical processes andprocesses; generates, supplies and trades electric and thermal energy.energy; and commercializes, distributes and trades in methane, ethane and propylene.

Each of these productivestate-owned subsidiariessubsidiary entities is a legal entity empowered to own property and carry on business in its own name and has technical and operational autonomy, subject to the central coordination and strategic direction of Petróleos Mexicanos.

Prior to July 27, 2018,PemexCogeneració Cogeneración y Servicios(Pemex (Pemex Cogeneration and Services) operated as an additional productivestate-owned subsidiary. On July 13, 2018, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos issued theDeclaratoria de LiquidacióLiquidación y ExtincióExtinción de Pemex CogeneracióCogeneración y Servicios(Declaration (Declaration of Liquidation and Extinction of Pemex Cogeneration and Services), which was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and became effective on July 27, 2018. As of July 27, 2018, all of the assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of Pemex Cogeneration and Services were automatically assumed by, and transferred to, Pemex Industrial Transformation, and Pemex Industrial Transformation became, as a matter of Mexican law, the successor to Pemex Cogeneration and Services. Pemex Cogeneration and Services was in turn dissolved effective as of July 27, 2018.

Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Perforación y Servicios (Pemex Drilling and Services) and Pemex Etileno (Pemex Ethylene) operated as additional productive state-owned subsidiaries. On March 26,July 25, 2019, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos requested that our management bring forth proposals forissued the merger Declaratoria de Extinción de Pemex Perforación y Servicios (Declaration of Extinction of Pemex Ethlyene intoDrilling and Services) and the Declaratoria de Extinción de Pemex Industrial TransformationEtileno (Declaration of Extinction of Pemex Ethylene), both of which were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on July 30, 2019 and became effective on July 1, 2019. As of July 1, 2019, all of the assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of Pemex Drilling and Services intowere assumed by, and transferred to, Pemex Exploration and Production.Production, and Pemex Exploration and Production became, as a matter of Mexican law, the successor to Pemex Drilling and Services. As of July 1, 2019, all of the dateassets, liabilities, rights and obligations of this annual report,Pemex Ethylene were assumed by, and transferred to, Pemex Industrial Transformation, and Pemex Industrial Transformation became, as a matter of Mexican law, the successor to Pemex Ethylene. Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Ethylene were in turn dissolved effective as of July 1, 2019.

Prior to January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizantes (Pemex Fertilizers) operated as additional productive state-owned subsidiary. On January 12, 2021, the Board of Directors has not yet approved resolutionsof Petróleos Mexicanos issued the Declaratoria de Extinción de Pemex Fertilizantes (Declaration of Extinction of Pemex Fertilizers), which was published in respectthe Official Gazette of the proposed mergers.Federation on January 27, 2021 and became effective on January 1, 2021. As of January 1, 2021, all of the assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of Pemex Fertilizers were assumed by, and transferred to, Pemex Industrial Transformation, and Pemex Industrial Transformation became, as a matter of Mexican law, the successor to Pemex Fertilizers. Pemex Fertilizers was in turn dissolved effective as of January 1, 2021.

Capital Expenditures

The following table shows our capital expenditures, excludingnon-capitalizable maintenance, for each of the three years ended December 31, 2018,2020, as well as the budget for these expenditures for 2019.2021. Capital expenditure amounts are derived from our budgetary records, which are prepared on a cash basis. Accordingly, these capital expenditure amounts do not correspond to capital expenditure amounts included in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS. The following table presents our capital expenditures made or expected to be made by each productivestate-owned subsidiary.

Capital Expenditures and Budget by Subsidiary

 

  Year ended December 31,     Budget 
  2016     2017     2018     2019(1) 
  Year ended December 31,   Budget 
  (in millions of pesos)(2)   2018   2019   2020   2021(1) 
  (in millions of pesos)(2) 

Pemex Exploration and Production

   Ps. 137,242      Ps. 85,491      Ps. 71,107      Ps. 98,226   Ps. 71,107   Ps.  98,763   Ps. 107,149   Ps. 179,275 

Pemex Industrial Transformation

   33,947      18,576      17,026      57,500 

Pemex Industrial Transformation(3)

   17,026    8,953    11,991    11,652 

Pemex Logistics

   7,015      4,917      5,042      1,200    5,042    2,118    2,955    3,193 

Pemex Drilling and Services

   2,688      1,550      1,388      1,295 

Pemex Ethylene

   746      618      975      300 

Pemex Fertilizers

   379      264      331      500 

Pemex Drilling and Services(4)

   1,388    738    n.a.    n.a. 

Pemex Ethylene(5)

   975    164    n.a.    n.a. 

Pemex Fertilizers(6)

   331    203    175    n.a. 

Petróleos Mexicanos

   1,004      1,609      893      107    893    189    205    375 
  

 

     

 

     

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total capital expenditures

   Ps. 183,021      Ps. 113,025      Ps. 96,762      Ps. 159,128   Ps. 96,762   Ps. 111,127   Ps. 122,476   Ps. 194,495 
  

 

     

 

     

 

     

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

n.a.: Not applicable.

 

Note:(1)

Numbers may not total dueAn adjustment to rounding.

n.a.

Not available.

(1)

Originalthe original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.November 30, 2020.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source:(3)

Figures reflect a decrease caused by a budget adjustment authorized by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos in accordance with resolution CA-050/2019 in special meeting 942. This budget adjustment reclassified the capital expenditures of the new Dos Bocas refinery from investment in property, plant and equipment to financial investment corresponding to Ps. 4,560 million in 2019 and Ps. 34,941 million in 2020 and a budget of Ps. 45,050 million in 2021.

(4)

Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services was merged into Pemex Exploration and Production.

(5)

Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Ethylene operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of July 1, 2019, Pemex Ethylene was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation.

(6)

Prior to January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation.

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos.

The following table shows our capital expenditures, excludingnon-capitalizable maintenance, by segment for the years ended December 31, 20172019 and 20182020 and the budget for these expenditures in 2019.2021.

Capital Expenditures by Segment

 

    Year ended December 31,     Budget        Year ended December 31,   Budget 
    2017     2018     2019(1)   2019   2020   2021(1) 
    (millions of pesos)   (millions of pesos)(2) 

Exploration and Production

     Ps. 85,491      Ps. 71,107      Ps. 98,226   Ps. 98,763   Ps. 107,149   Ps. 179,275 

Industrial Transformation

                  

Refining

     15,988      14,119      57,500 

Refining(3)

   8,409    10,878    7,000 

Gas and Aromatics

     2,587      2,907          489    976    2,072 

Ethylene (4)

   55    137    2,380 

Fertilizers (5)

   n.a.    n.a.    200 
    

 

     

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

     18,576      17,026      57,500    8,953    11,991    11,652 

Logistics

     4,917      5,042      1,200    2,118    2,955    3,193 

Drilling and Services

     1,550      1,388      1,295 

Ethylene

     618      975      300 

Fertilizers

     264      331      500 

Drilling and Services (6)

   738    n.a.    n.a. 

Ethylene (4)

   164    n.a.    n.a. 

Fertilizers (5)

   203    175    n.a. 

Corporate and other Subsidiaries

     1,609      893      107         189    205    375 
    

 

     

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total Capital Expenditures

     Ps. 113,025      Ps. 96,762      Ps. 159,128   Ps. 111,127   Ps. 122,476   Ps. 194,495 
    

 

     

 

     

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

n.a.: Not applicable.

 

Note:(1)

Numbers may not total dueAn adjustment to rounding.

(1)

Originalthe original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.November 30, 2020.

Source:(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

(3)

Figures reflect a decrease caused by a budget adjustment authorized by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos in accordance with resolution CA-050/2019 in special meeting 942. This budget adjustment reclassified the capital expenditures of the new Dos Bocas refinery from investment in property, plant and equipment to financial investment corresponding Ps. 4,560 million in 2019 and Ps. 34,941 million in 2020 and a budget of Ps. 45,050 million in 2021.

(4)

Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Ethylene operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of July 1, 2019, Pemex Ethylene was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation.

(5)

Prior to January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation.

(6)

Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services was merged into Pemex Exploration and Production.

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos.

Capital Expenditures Budget

Capital expenditures and budget by project are described under each segment below in this Item 4.

Sincemid-2014, the international reference prices of crude oil have fluctuated significantly and prices remain significantly below 2014 levels. The weighted average Mexican crude oil export price for 20182020 was U.S. $56.19$35.82 per barrel. Based on its estimate that the weighted average Mexican crude oil export price would be U.S. $55.00$42.10 per barrel, the Mexican Congress approved a 20192021 budget of Ps. 464.6544.6 billion, including operational expenses, andwhich would represent a financial balance goal (which we define as sales after deducting costs and expenses, capital expenditures, taxes and duties, and cost of debt)budget shortfall of Ps. 65.4 billion. With92.7 billion for the year of 2021. Despite this budget shortfall, our management expects that we will be able to maintain ourmedium- andlong-term growth plans without

the need to incur more indebtedness thanbeyond the amount included in our approved financing program for 20192021 of Ps. 112.8 billion.44.9 billion because our financial balance projections consider additional actions, such as implementation of optimization measures and further investment in new projects that we expect will contribute to the generation of increased revenues. The budget was based on the guiding principles of: stabilizing our crude oil and gas production levels in the medium and long-term; maintaining the industrial safety and reliability of our facilities; taking advantage of our ongoing contracts with third parties; and meeting our labor and financial obligations.

Our budget for 20192021 includes a total of Ps. 273.1352.7 billion for capital expenditures, including Ps. 110.6 billion for non-capitalizable maintenance.maintenance and Ps. 47.6 billion for financial investment. The financial investment budget includes Ps. 45.1 billion in capital contributions to our subsidiary company PTI Infraestructura de Desarrollo, S.A. de C.V. for the construction of our new refinery in Dos Bocas, Paraíso, Tabasco and Ps. 2.5 billion in capital contributions to the subsidiaries of our fertilizers business line. Our net capital expenditures budget net ofnon-capitalizable maintenance is Ps. 159.1194.5 billion. We expect to direct Ps. 98.2179.3 billion (or 61.7% of our total capital expenditures net ofnon-capitalizable maintenance)92.2 %) to exploration and production programs in 2019.2021. This investment in exploration and production activities reflects our focus on maximizing the potential of our hydrocarbon reserves and our most productive projects. In addition, in 20192021 we expect to direct Ps. 57.511.7 billion (or 36.1% of our total capital expenditures net ofnon-capitalizable maintenance)6.0%) to our industrial transformation segment, in particular to the construction of our new Dos Bocas refinery.segment. We continuously review our capital expenditures portfolio in accordance with our current and future business plans.

Our main objectives for upstream investment are to maximize ourlong-term economic value, and to increase and improve the quality of the oil and gas reserves assigned to us, enhance Pemex Exploration and Production’s reserves recovery ratio, improve the reliability of its production and transportation infrastructure for crude oil and natural gas operations and continue to emphasize industrial safety and compliance with environmental regulations. Our 20192021 budget objectives include maintaining crude oil production at levels sufficient to satisfy domestic demand and have a surplus available for export and maintaining natural gas production levels.

Our downstream investment program seeks to increase our refining capacity, to improve the quality of our product selection and the reliability of our logistics and distribution services, to achieve a level of efficiency similarcomparable to that of our international competitors and to continue to emphasize industrial safety and environmental compliance.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Overview by Business Segment

Exploration and Production

Our exploration and production segment operates through the productivestate-owned subsidiary Pemex Exploration and Production and explores for and produces crude oil and natural gas, primarily in the northeastern and southeastern regions of Mexico and offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. In nominal peso terms, our capital expenditures in exploration and production activities decreasedincreased by 16.8%8.5% in 2018.2020. As a result of ourthese investments, in previous years, our total hydrocarbon production reached a level of approximately 929.6883.8 million barrels of oil equivalent in 2018. Despite these investments,2020. Further, our crude oil production decreasedincrease by 6.4%0.1% from 20172019 to 2018,2020, averaging 1,8231,686.3 thousand barrels per day in 2018,2020, primarily as a result of the decline of the Cantarell,Yaxché-Xanab, Crudo Ligero Marino, ElGolpe-Puerto Ceiba,Bellota-Chinchorro, Antonio J. Bermúdez,Cactus-Sitio Grande,Ixtal-Manik, Chuc, Costero Terrestre,Tsimin-Xux projects, which was partially offset by development of our new offshore fields Cahua, Cheek, Chejekbal, Hok, Mulach, Manik NW, Octli and Tlacame, the Integral Tekel project’s Ayatsil fielddevelopment of our onshore fields Teotleco, Sini, Tokal, Quesqui, Cibix and by repairs,Ixachi and workovers, improvements and diversification of artificial systems at our other onshore fields that helped maintain production levels.

Our natural gas production (excluding natural gas liquids) decreased by 5.2%1.1% from 20172019 to 2018,2020, averaging 4,8034,761.6 million cubic feet per day in 2018.2020. This decrease in natural gas production resulted primarily from the decreased volumes in the Burgos, Crudo Ligero Marino,Ixtal-Manik, Integral Veracruz Basin,Cactus-Sitio Grande, Integral Macuspana Basin andOgarrio-Sánchez Magallanes projects. Exploration drilling activity decreased by 20.8%26.1% from 20172019 to 2018,2020, from 2423 exploratory wells completed in 20172019 to 1917 exploratory wells completed in 2018.2020. Development drilling activity nearly tripleddecreased by 16.2% from 20172019 to 2018,2020, from 55198 development wells completed in 20172019 to 143166 development wells completed in 2018.2020. In 2018,2020, we completed the drilling of 162183 wells in total. OurIn 2020, our exploration drilling activity in 2018was focused on the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico and onshore regions and the development drilling activity was focused on increasing the production of crude oil and associated gas at new offshore fields (including Cahua, Cheek, Chejekbal, Hok, Mulach, Manik NW, Octli and Tlacame) and at onshore fields (including Teotleco, Sini, Tokal, Quesqui, Cibix and Ixachi).

In advance of 2020, we planned to invest in four new developments, all of them in shallow water, and continue with theAyatsil-Tekel, Chuc, Crudo Ligero Marino, ElGolpe-Puerto Ceiba,Ku-Maloob-Zaap, Antonio J. Bermúdez, Aceite Terciario del Golfo development of the other 22 fields we have been developing since 2019. During 2020, we incorporated the Teca, Tlamatini, Itta, andOgarrio-Sánchez Magallanes projects. Xolotl shallow water fields into our development plan, bringing our total investment in new developments to 26 fields, 22 in shallow water and four onshore fields. As of December 31, 2020, we had begun production in 13 of these 26 fields. These 13 fields had an average production of 77.8 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 200.7 million cubic feet per day of naturalgas in 2020.

Our primary objectives in 2019for 2021 include: (i) maximizing profitability to ensure thestrengthening our financial condition; (ii) ensuring our sustainability of the company; (ii) stopping, or even reversing, the decline in our proved reserves and production; (iii)by accelerating the developmentincorporation of discovered fields;hydrocarbon reserves; and (iv) improving(iii) adapting and modernizing our performance in industrial safety and environmental protection.production infrastructure. We aim to meet these objectives through the following strategies: (1) accelerating the incorporation of hydrocarbon reserves by prioritizing our exploration activities onshore, in conventional shallow waters and in blocks adjacent blocks; (2) accelerating secondary and enhanced recovery processes to increase the recovery factor for hydrocarbon reserves in our mature fields; (3) expediting the development of newly discovered fields; (4) prioritizing and developing activities that improve the reclassification of possible and probable reserves into proved reserves; (5) increasing our production fields; (2) increasingof non-associated gas and (6) enhancing our recovery factor by focusing on areas where we have greater experienceoperations efficiency and a higher historical success rate, such as secondary and tertiary recovery system; (3) reducingoptimizing our exploration and production costs by improving operational efficiency and cost control; (4) focusing on maintenance to improve the safety and reliability of our operations; and (5) increasing our gas production and reducing gas flaring and venting.costs.

OurEntering 2021, our production goals for 2019 include producing crude oil at a level of approximately 1,7731,876.7 thousand barrels per day and maintaining natural gas production above 4,6545,335.1 million cubic feet per day. We aim to meet these production goals through exploration and development activities, increasing inventory reserves through new discoveries and reclassifications and managing the decline in field production by focusing our exploration and production activities in areas where we have greater experience and higher historical success rates, such as secondary and tertiary recovery systems. In addition, we intend tore-allocate reallocate resources away fromdeep-water projects, which tend to be expensive andlong-term activities, and towardsshallow-water shallow water and onshore projects, which have the potential fornear-term results. We plan to develop 20continue the development of 26 new fields in 2019, 162021. 22 of which will beare in shallow waters, and four18 of which will be onshore.are the original fields we began to develop in 2019 and 4 were added in 2020. Four of these fields are onshore and have been in development since 2019. We expect that these 20 new26 fields will be able to produce an aggregate of up to 73320.9 thousand barrels per day of crude oil per day during 2019.2021.

Industrial Transformation

Our industrial transformation segment is comprised of twofour principal activities: (i) refining, and (ii) gas and aromatics:aromatics, (iii) ethylene and derivatives and (iv) fertilizers, since January 1, 2021:

Refining

Pemex Industrial Transformation converts crude oil into gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, fuel oil, asphalts and lubricants. We also distribute and market most of these products throughout Mexico. During 2018,2020, atmospheric distillation refining capacity increased toremained stable at 1,640.0 thousand barrels per day, which represents an increaseday.

In 2020, crude oil processing by the National Refining System registered a slight of 0.8% as compared to 1,627.0decrease 0.2%, from 592.0 thousand barrels per day during 2017. In 2018, we produced 628.5in 2019 to 590.6 thousand barrels per day of refined products as compared to 786.2in 2020. Pemex Industrial Transformation produced 596.4 thousand barrels per day of refined products in 2017. This2020, a 4.7% decrease in refined products production was mainly dueas compared to operational problems relating to the performance and reliability of our refineries. As a result of these operational problems, processing of crude oil by the National Refining System decreased 20.2%, from 767.0625.6 thousand barrels per day in 20172019. These decreases were mainly due to 611.9 thousand barrels per daythe fact that we carried out repairs beyond those originally scheduled under the National Refining System rehabilitation program, together with operational and reliability in 2018.our units.

Our primary goalgoals for 2019 is2021 include: (i) continuing maintenance and repair activities pursuant to improvethe National Refining System rehabilitation program, (ii) restoring the reliability of our assets, (iii) improving the efficiency and performance by focusing onstabilization of crude oil process and (iv) increasing the repair and maintenanceproduction of our six existing refineries in order to stabilize operations and increase our capacity. In addition, we intend to begin development of a new refinery located in Dos Bocas, Tabasco, in order to further expand our production capacity.high-value fuels.

Gas and Aromatics

Our gas and aromatics businessPemex Industrial Transformation processes wet natural gas to produce dry natural gas, ethane, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and other natural gas liquids, along with aromatic derivatives chain products such as toluene, benzene and xylene. In 2018,2020, our total sour natural gas processing capacity remained at 2017 levels of 4,523.0 cubic feet per day. We

In 2020, as a result of reduced availability of wet gas from Pemex Exploration and Production, we processed 2,952.02,765.4 million cubic feet of wet natural gas per day, in 2018, an 8.8%a 2.2 % decrease from the 3,237.0as compared to 2,826.3 million cubic feet per day of wet natural gas processed in 2017. We2019. In 2020, we produced 240.0207.4 thousand barrels per day of natural gas liquids, in 2018, a 14.3%6.3% decrease from the 280.0as compared to 221.3 thousand barrels per day of natural gas liquids produced in 2017. We2019. In 2020, we also produced 2,422.02,245.2 million cubic feet per day of dry gas (which is natural gas with a methane content of more than 90.0%), a 2.6% decrease as compared 2,305.0 million cubic feet per day in 2018, 9.2% less than the 2,667.0 million cubic feet of dry gas per day2019. In 2020, we produced in 2017. We produced 570.0336.4 thousand tons of aromatics and derivatives, a 8.4%63.4% decrease as compared to 919.6 thousand tons in 2019. This decrease in aromatics and derivatives production was mainly due to the shutdown of our Ciclo de Reformado Catalítico (Catalytic Reforming Cycle) plant, due to operational difficulties in the delivery of steam and electricity to the plant.

Our primary goal for 2021 is to improve the utilization of our complex gas processors.

Ethylene and Derivatives

Pemex Industrial Transformation produces, distributes and markets ethane and propylene derivatives. In 2020, we produced a total of 1,146.8 thousand tons of petrochemical products, a 28.8% decrease from the 622.01,610.8 thousand tons of aromatics and derivatives wepetrochemical products produced in 2017. The decreases in our gas and liquid gas production were2019. This decrease was mainly due to limited operating capacity at our units because of problems with auxiliary services, operational failures and an unscheduled reduction in the commercialization of monoethylene glycol caused by a decrease in the supplyprices of wet gas and condensates from Pemex Exploration and Production. Additionally,monoethylene glycol as the decreasesresult of an oversupply in our gas and aromatics production were caused mainly because our naptha reforming plant (CCR) operated only intermittentlythe international market, due to equipment failure,which we elected to reduce production.

Our ethylene segment leverages the integration of the ethane production chain to manufacture several petrochemical products, including:

ethane derivatives, such as ethylene, polyethylene, ethylene oxide and we experienced shortagesglycols;

propylene and derivatives; and

other products, including, but not limited to, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and butadiene.

The primary goals for our ethylene and derivatives segment in auxiliary services2021 are to increase the usage of our installed capacity of ethylene and derivatives units through rehabilitation and technological improvements and to increase the supplyavailability of raw materials from our Minatitlán refinery.

In 2019, we intend to continue processing wet gas with the goal of achieving improved operating performance and efficiency in the recovery of liquids. We also expect to have a lower supply of natural gas from our fields in 2019, which would require us to import higher volumes of natural gas to satisfy domestic demand.material.

Fertilizers

OurPrior to January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation. Therefore, our fertilizers segment operated through the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Fertilizers until December 31, 2020, and operates through the productivestate-owned subsidiary Pemex Fertilizers andIndustrial Transformation as of January 1, 2021 as a line of business.

Our fertilizers business integrates the ammonia production chain up to the point of sale of fertilizers, including agricultural and industrial nitrates, phosphate fertilizers and acids, (producedwhich are produced by Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. (Fertinal)). We also expect that ourOur subsidiaryPro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V. (orbegan to intermittently produce urea beginning in April 2020. Pro-Agroindustria)Pro-Agroindustria, will be able to begin producing urea at our Pajaritos petrochemical complexS.A. de C.V. ceased operations in the second half of 2019.

In 2019, we intendDecember 2020 due to focus our strategy on: (1) increasing the national production of fertilizers at competitive prices; (2) increasing the economic value of our segment by generating diverse investment opportunitiesinterruption in the agricultural sector in Mexico; (3) ensuring a reliable supply of natural gas for the operation of our plants; and 4) continuing to make capital expenditure investments to improve the operational reliability of our four ammonia plants.

Ethylene

Our ethylene segment operates through the productivestate-owned subsidiary Pemex Ethylene and takes advantage of the integration of the ethylene production chain. In 2018, we produced a total of 1,830.3 thousand tons of petrochemical products, a 2.9% decrease from the 1,884.0 thousand tons of petrochemical products produced in 2017.

The primary goals for our ethylene segment in 2019 are to streamline our operations, improve our operational reliability and secure a steady and reliable supply of raw materials, which will allow us to improve margins and achieve profitability.

Drilling and Servicesmaterials.

Our drillingprimary goal for 2021 is to leverage the synergies created by our merger into Pemex Industrial Transformation to reduce costs and services segment operatesreactivate our ammonia production. In particular, we aim to maintain reliable fertilizer production and strengthen our fertilizer business through the productivestate-owned subsidiary Pemex Drillingmaintenance to our ammonia VI plant, our storage units and Services and provides drilling, completion,work-over and other services for wells in offshore and onshore fields. In 2018, this segment mainly provided completion,work-over and other drilling servicesour distribution terminals, as well as to Pemex Exploration and Production, but also provided servicesaddress certain critical risks related to external clients such asComisión Nacional del Agua (the National Water Commission or CONAGUA), Marinsa de México S.A. de C.V. (Marinsa),Gobierno de la Ciudad de México (Government of Mexico City), Weatherford de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., Fieldwood Energy LLC (Fieldwood) and Key Energy Services (Key Energy).

Our well drilling activities during 2018 led to onshore and offshore discoveries. Our main discoveries were of crude oil reserves located in the Southeastern and Veracruz basins, specifically in the Northern and Southern regions. Exploration activity in the Northern region also led to the discovery of additionalnon-associated gas reserves in the Burgos basin. We are currently working on development plans for these new reserves.our operations.

Logistics

Our logistics segment operates through the productivestate-owned subsidiary Pemex Logistics and provides land, maritime and pipeline transportation, storage and distribution services to some of our subsidiary entitiessubsidiaries and other companies, including theComisión FederalTesoro México Supply & Marketing, S. de Electricidad (Federal Electricity Commission or CFE),Aeropuertos y Servicios AuxiliaresR.L. de C.V. (a subsidiary of Marathon Petroleum Corporation), CENAGAS,which we refer to as Tesoro, local gas stations and distributors.

During 2018,2020, we injected approximately 1,581.51,140.6 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and petroleum products into our pipelines, representing a 16.2%12.2% decrease as compared to 20172019 when we injected approximately 1,8871,299.4 thousand barrels per day, mainly due to a reductioncontrolled operations aimed at reducing fuel theft in crude oil processedour pipeline transportation systems in the National Refining Systemaccordance with our strategy to combat fuel theft and the illicit marketdecrease in fuels that caused temporary closuressales as a result of certain pipelines. Of the total amount of crude oil and petroleum products thatCOVID-19 pandemic.

During 2020, we injected in 2018, 74.5% was transported by pipeline, 7.5% by tanker and the remaining 18.0% by land transport.

During 2018, we injected 139.1134.2 thousand barrels per day of LPG, representing a 0.7%1.1% increase as compared to the 138.1132.7 thousand barrels per day of LPG injected in 2017. In addition,2019, due to an increase in the transportation of liquid gas by pipelines. Additionally, we injected 2.43.8 thousand barrels per day of petrochemicals an increasein 2020, a decrease of 4.3%11.6% as compared to the 2.34.3 thousand barrels per day we injected in 2017. These increases were2019. This decrease was mainly due to an increase in imports ofdecreased requirements for isobutane by Pemex Industrial Transformation.at the Minatitlán and Salina Cruz refineries.

As of 2016, natural gas transportation is carried out by CENAGAS, with the support of Pemex Logistics through an operation and maintenance contract. During 2018,In 2020, we transported approximately 5,070.9 million cubic feeta total of 1,804.3 thousand barrels per day of natural gas, a 2.4% decrease compared to the 5,195.1 million cubic feetpetroleum products: 1,278.7 thousand barrels per day we(70.9%) were injected by pipeline systems, 361.4 thousand barrels per day (20.0%) were transported in 2017, mainly due to a decrease in natural gasby land transport and the remaining 164.2 thousand barrels per day (9.1%) were transported to CFE and Pemex Industrial Transformation.by tankers.

International Trading

The international trading segment provides us with international trading, distribution, risk management, insurance and transportation services. This segment operates through P.M.I. Comercio Internacional, S.A. de C.V. (which we refer to as PMI), P.M.I. Trading Designated Activity Company (formerly P.M.I. Trading, Ltd., which we refer to as P.M.I. Trading)Trading DAC), P.M.I. Norteamérica, S.A. de C.V., (which we refer to asPMI-NASA, and, together with PMI and P.M.I. Trading DAC, we collectively refer to as the PMI Subsidiaries) and Mex Gas International, S.L. (which, together with the PMI Subsidiaries, we collectively refer to as the Trading Companies). Certain of the Trading Companies sell, buy and transport crude oil, refined products and petrochemicals in world markets, and provide related risk management, insurance, transportation and storage services. The Trading Companies have offices in Mexico City, Houston Amsterdam, Singapore and Madrid.Singapore. Export sales are made through PMI to approximately 30 major customers in various foreign markets.

In 2018,2020, our crude oil exports increased in volume by 0.9%1.5%, from 1,173.91,103.3 thousand barrels per day in 20172019 to 1,184.11,119.9 thousand barrels per day in 2018.2020. Natural gas imports decreased by 25.5%11.7% in 2018,2020, from 1,766.0965.9 million cubic feet per day in 20172019 to 1,316.5853.1 million cubic feet per day in 2018.2020. In 2018,2020, our exports of petrochemical products decreased by 4.5%44.1%, from 60.571.9 thousand metric tons in 20172019 to 57.840.2 thousand metric tons in 2018, while2020, and our imports of petrochemical products increased 150.0%decreased by 56.0%, from 332.8877.3 thousand metric tons in 20172019 to 831.8386.0 thousand metric tons in 2018.2020. In 2018,2020, our exports of other petroleum products decreased 16.0%and liquefied petroleum gas increased by 54.4%, from 158.082.3 thousand barrels per day in 20172019 to 132.8127.1 thousand barrels per day in 2018, while2020, and our imports of other petroleum products and liquefied petroleum gas increased 4.3%decreased by 34.7%, from 936.2302.5 thousand barrels per day in 20172019 to 976.7197.4 thousand barrels per day in 2018.2020. As a major supplier of crude oil to the United States, our international trading segment’s crude oil exports to the United States totaled Ps. 434.8U.S.$8.7 billion in 2018, an increase2020, a decrease of Ps. 131.7U.S. $3.9 billion from 2017. In 2018, we also imported 3.8 thousand barrels per day of light crude oil for processing in the National Refining System, which represented the first time we imported crude oil.with respect to 2019.

Infrastructure of PEMEX

 

LOGOLOGO

Exploration and Production

Following our 2015 corporate reorganization, certain business units and assets that were operated by our exploration and production segment were transferred to our drilling and services segment upon the formation of Pemex Drilling and Services on August 1, 2015. For the year ended December 31, 2015, we have not presented separately the operating results of our drilling and services segment in this Item 4 and, accordingly, the results of our exploration and production segment include the results of that segment for this period. Operating results for both the exploration and production and drilling and services segments are presented separately for periods beginning January 1, 2016. For a detailed description of the financial results of each segment, see our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Exploration and Drilling

We seek to identify new oil reservoirs through our exploration program in order to increase the future replacement rate of proved reserves. From 1990 to 2018,2020, we completed 13,39113,795 exploration and development wells. During 2018,2020, our average success rate for exploratory wells was 38.9%35.3%, a 37.8%16.9% decrease as compared to 20172019 and our average success rate for development wells was 95.8%95.2%, a 3.1%1.3% increase as compared to 2017.2019. From 20142016 to 2018,2020, we discovered 1220 new crude oil fields. We discovered three of these new crude oil fields and four new natural gas fields,during 2020, bringing the total number of our crude oil and natural gas producing fields to 356313 at the end of 2018.2020.

Our 20182020 exploration program was comprised of exploration in both onshore regions and offshore regions includingin the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. These exploratory activities yielded 287130.6 million barrels of oil equivalent of proved reserves resulting from the discovery of four crudethree oil producing fields and three reservoirs in existing fields, as well as from the drilling of twothree appraisal wells in two existing fields. We continued our main seismic data acquisition activities, in particular, those related tothree-dimensional seismic data. In 2018,addition, we acquired 1,085 square kilometersdiscovered a new reservoir at one ofthree-dimensional seismic data in deep and shallow waters. the fields.

The following table summarizes our drilling activity for the five years ended December 31, 2018,2020, all of which occurred in Mexican territory.

 

    Year ended December 31,   Year ended December 31, 
        2014             2015             2016           2017           2018       2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 

Wells initiated(1)

     474      274      93    70    149    93   70   166   182   157 

Exploratory wells initiated(1)

     20      22      23    22    28    23   22   28   32   28 

Development wells initiated(1)

     454      252      70    48    121    70   48   138   150   129 

Wells drilled(2)

     535      312      149    79    162    149   79   162   221   183 

Exploratory wells

     24      26      21    24    19    21   24   19   23   17 

Productive exploratory wells(3)

     8      13      6    10    5    6   10   5   12   6 

Dry exploratory wells

     16      13      15    14    14    15   14   14   11   11 

Success rate %

     33      50      29    42    26    29   42   26   52   35 

Development wells

     510      286      128    54    143    128   54   143   198   166 

Productive development wells

     484      266      110    50    137    110   50   137   186   158 

Dry development wells

     26      20      18    4    6    18   4   6   12   8 

Success rate %(4)

     95      93      86    93    96    86   93   96   94   95 

Producing wells (annual averages)

     9,558      9,363      8,749    6,699    6,771    8,749   6,699   7,671   7,400   6,326 

Marine region

     581      544      539    443    519    539   443   519   520   517 

Southern region

     1,420      1,403      1,244    931    129    1,244   931   1,029   1,012   855 

Northern region

     7,557      7,416      6,966    5,325    6,123    6,966   5,325   6,123   5,868   4,954 

Producing wells (at year end)(5)

     9,077      8,826      8,073    8,194    6,946    8,073   8,194   6,946   6,945   6,303 

Crude oil

     5,598      5,374      4,912    4,956    4,321    4,912   4,956   4,321   4,323   3,949 

Natural gas

     3,479      3,452      3,161    3,238    2,625    3,161   3,238   2,625   2,622   2,354 

Producing fields

     428      434      405    398    356    405   398   356   319   313 

Marine region

     45      41      43    43    43    43   43   43   43   49 

Southern region

     97      97      88    91    83    88   91   83   76   76 

Northern region

     286      296      274    264    230    274   264   230   200   188 

Drilling rigs

     136      113      110    83    84    110   83   84   84   84 

Kilometers drilled

     1,413      815      330    280    455    330   280   455   646   638 

Average depth by well (meters)

     2,738      3,038      3,655    3,639    2,808    3,655   3,639   2,808   2,870   3,486 

Discovered fields(6)

     2      6      1    3    4    1   3   4   3   2 

Crude oil

           6      1    1    4    1   1   4   —     2 

Natural gas

     2                2        —     2   —     —     —   

Crude oil and natural gas output by well (barrels of oil equivalent per day)

     370      349      348    291    329 

Total developed acreage (km2)(7)

     8,339      8,654      7,017(8)    6,886(8)    6,923(8) 

Gas and condensate

   —     —     —     3   —   

Average crude oil and natural gas output by well (barrels of oil equivalent per day)

   348   291   329   327   382 

Total developed acreage (km2)(7)

   7,017(8)   6,886(8)   6,923(8)   7,077(8)  7,419(8) 
    

 

     

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total undeveloped acreage (km2)(7)

     1,278      1,000      712(8)    620(8)    607(8) 

Total undeveloped acreage (km2)(7)

   712(8)   620(8)   607(8)   603(8)  616(8) 
    

 

     

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

“Wells initiated” refers to the number of wells the drilling of which commenced in a given year, regardless of when the well was or will be completed.

(2)

“Wells drilled” refers to the number of wells the drilling of which was completed in a given year, regardless of when the drilling of the well commenced.

(3)

Excludesnon-commercial productive wells. wells abandoned due to mechanical failure.

(4)

Excludes injector wells.

(5)

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, all productive wells, and all other wells referred to in this table, are “net,” because we did not grant others any fractional working interests in any wells that we owned no acquired any fractional working interest in wells owned by others. Figures for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 include fractional interests obtained pursuant to joint ventures and associations.

(6)(6)

Includes onlyIncludes: (i) new fields with proved reserves.reserves (Paki and Xolotl); (ii) one new field without proved reserves (Camatl); and (iii) three new reservoirs discovered in the existing fields (Cibix, Terra and Pokche).

(7)

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, all acreage is net because we neither granted others fractional interests nor entered into other types of production sharing arrangements. Figures for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 include fractional interests obtained pursuant to joint ventures and associations.

(8)

These values relate only to our current assignments.

Source:

  Pemex Exploration and Production.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

Extensions and Discoveries

During 2018,2020, our exploratory activity in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico and onshore regions resulted in the discovery of four fields:three new fields (Camatl, Paki and Xolotl). Additionally, three new reservoirs were discovered in the twoonshore Chocolexisting fields Cibix, Terra and Cibix crude oil fields, the offshore Mulach crude oil field and the offshore Manik NW crude oil field.Pokche. In addition, extension activities in our DoctusPokche, Ixachi and IxachiQuesqui fields led to the incorporation of additional reserves. Together, these extensions and discoveries led to the incorporation of approximately 287130.6 million barrels of oil equivalent.

Reserves

Under the Mexican Constitution, all oil and other hydrocarbon reserves located in the subsoil of Mexico are owned by the Mexican nation and not by us. Pemex Exploration and Production has the right to extract, but not own, the reserves granted to us by the Mexican Government and to sell the resulting production. As of the date of this report, the exploration and development activities of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities are limited to reserves located in Mexico.

Proved oil and natural gas reserves are those estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations.

Proved reserves estimates as of December 31, 20182020 were prepared by our exploration and production segment and were reviewed by the Independent Engineering Firms (as defined below), which audit its estimates of our oil and gas reserves. In addition, pursuant to theReglamentoLineamientos que Regulan los Procedimientos de Cuantificación y Certificación de Reservas de la Ley de HidrocarburosNación (Regulations under(Guidelines for Regulating the Hydrocarbons Law)Nation’s Reserves Quantification and Certification Procedures), the CNH reviewed the proved reserves reports estimates as of December 31, 20182020 and approved them on April 12, 2019.20, 2021. However, as of the date of this report, the CNH has not published the resolution. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—Information on Mexico’s hydrocarbon reserves is based on estimates, which are uncertain and subject to revisions.”

We estimate reserves based on generally accepted petroleum engineering and evaluation methods and procedures, which are based primarily on applicable SEC regulations and, as necessary, the Society of Petroleum Engineers’ (which we refer to as the SPE) publication entitled Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information, dated February 19, 2007June 25, 2019 and other SPE publications, as amended, including the SPE’s publication entitled Petroleum Resources Management System, as well as other technical sources, including Estimation and Classification of Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Condensate, by Chapman Cronquist, and Determination of Oil and Gas Reserves, Petroleum Society Monograph Number 1, published by the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy & Petroleum. The choice of method or combination of methods employed in the analysis of each reservoir is determined by:

 

experience in the area;

 

stage of development;

 

quality and completeness of basic data; and

 

production and pressure histories.

Reserves data set forth herein represent only estimates. Reserves valuation is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of crude oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner. The accuracy of any reserves estimate depends on the quality of available data, engineering and geological interpretation and professional judgment. As a result, estimates of different engineers may vary. In addition, the results of drilling, testing and producing subsequent to the date of an estimate may lead to the revision of an estimate. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors”

During 2018,2020, we did not record any material increase in our proved oil and gas reserves as a result of the use of new technologies.

In order to ensure the reliability of our reserves estimation efforts, we have undertaken the internal certification of our estimates of reserves since 1996. We have established certain internal controls in connection with the preparation of our proved reserves estimates. Initially, teams of geoscientists from our exploration and production business units (with each of these units covering several projects) prepare the reserves estimates, using distinct estimation processes for valuations relating to new discoveries and developed fields, respectively. Subsequently, the regional reserves offices collect these reserves estimates from the units and request that the Gerencia de Recursos y Certificación de Reservas de Hidrocarburos(Office of Resources and Certification of Hydrocarbon Reserves), the central hydrocarbon reserves management body of Pemex Exploration and Production, review and certify such valuations and the booking of the related reserves. This internal certification process is undertaken in accordance with internal guidelines for estimating and classifying proved reserves, which are based on the SEC’s rules and definitions. The Office of Resources and Certification of Hydrocarbon Reserves, which additionally oversees and conducts an internal audit of the process described above, consists entirely of professionals with geological, geophysical, petrophysical and reservoir engineering backgrounds. Additionally, the engineers who participate in our reserves estimation process are experienced in: reservoir numerical simulation; well drilling and completion; pressure, volume and temperature (PVT) and analytical tools used in forecasting the performance of the various elements comprising the production system; and design strategies in petroleum field development. Furthermore, all of our personnel have been certified by the Secretaría de Educación Pública (Ministry of Public Education), most have earned master’s degrees in areas of study such as petroleum engineering, geology and geophysical engineering and they possess an average of over fifteen years of professional experience.

In addition to this internal review process, our exploration and production segment’s final reserves estimates are audited by independent engineering firms. ThreeFour independent engineering firms audited our estimates of proved reserves as of December 31, 2018:2020 or January 1, 2021, as applicable. Netherland Sewell, DeGolyer and MacNaughton, GLJ and GLJSproule (we refer to these firms together as the Independent Engineering Firms). The reserves estimates reviewed by the Independent Engineering Firms totaled 98.0%97.8 % of our estimated proved reserves. The remaining 2.0%2.2% of our estimated proved reserves consisted mainly of reserves located in certain areas that have been shared with third parties. Netherland Sewell audited the reserves in the Cantarell,Ku-Maloob-Zaap, Cinco Presidentes andMacuspana-Muspac business units, DeGolyerandDeGolyer and MacNaughton audited the reserves in the Aceite Terciario de Golfo, PozaRica-Altamira,Abkatún-Pol-Chuc and Litoral de Tabasco business units, and GLJ audited the reserves in the Burgos, Veracruz,Bellota-Jujo andSamaria-Luna business units.units and Sproule audited the reserves of fields recently added to our inventory registry. The audits conducted by the Independent Engineering Firms consisted primarily of: (1) analysis of historical static and dynamic reservoir data that we have provided; (2) construction or updating of the Independent Engineering Firms’ own static and dynamic reservoir characterization models of some of our fields; (3) economic analysis of fields; and (4) review of our production forecasts and reserves estimates.

Since reserves estimates are, by definition, only estimates, they cannot be reviewed for the purpose of verifying exactness. Instead, the Independent Engineering Firms conducted a detailed review of our reserves estimates so that they could express an opinion as to whether, in the aggregate, the reserves estimates we furnished were reasonable and had been estimated and presented in conformity with generally accepted petroleum engineering and evaluation methods and procedures.

All questions, including any suggested modifications to proved reserves estimates, that arose during the Independent Engineering Firms’ review process were resolved by our exploration and production segment to the satisfaction of the Independent Engineering Firms. The Independent Engineering Firms have concluded that our estimated total proved oil and natural gas reserve volumes set forth in this report are, in the aggregate, reasonable and have been prepared in accordance with Rule4-10(a) of RegulationS-X of the SEC, as amended (which we refer to as Rule4-10(a)), are consistent with international reserves reporting practice and are in accordance with the revised oil and gas reserves disclosure provisions of ASC Topic 932.

Our total proved developed and undeveloped reserves of crude oil, condensates and liquefiable hydrocarbons recoverable from field processing plants decreasedincreased by 10.0%1.3% in 2018,2020, from 6,4275,960.6 million barrels at December 31, 2017in 2019 to 5,7876,041.0 million barrels at December 31, 2018.in 2020. This increase was due to discoveries, developments, delineations and revisions of our proved reserves, in particular the addition of the Kayab and Pit assignments to our inventory of reserves, as well as variations in the Akal and Suuk fields and the discovery of the Camatl, Paki and Xolotl oil fields. Our proved developed reserves of crude oil, condensates and liquefiable hydrocarbons recoverable from processing plants decreasedincreased by 13.9%0.5% in 2018,2020, from 4,1663,585.0 million barrels at December 31, 2017in 2019 to 3,5883,603.4 million barrels at December 31, 2018. These decreases were principally due to a decrease in oil production in 2018, a decrease in field development, the natural decline of fields and, following bidding rounds conducted by the Mexican Government, the transfer to third parties of rights to certain fields included in our 2017 reserves.2020. The amount of our proved reserves of crude oil, condensate and liquefiable hydrocarbon reserves added in 20182020 was insufficientsufficient to offset the level of production in 2018,2020, which amounted to 743694.8 million barrels of crude oil, condensates and liquefiable hydrocarbons.

Our total proved developed and undeveloped dry gas reserves decreasedincreased by 3.4%10.0% in 2018,2020, from 6,5936,351.7 billion cubic feet at December 31, 20172019 to 6,3706,984.2 billion cubic feet at December 31, 2018.2020. Our proved developed dry gas reserves decreasedincreased by 16.0%8.7% in 2018,2020, from 4,0263,608.5 billion cubic feet at December 31, 20172019 to 3,3803,922.3 billion cubic feet at December 31, 2018. These decreases were2020. This increase was principally due to a decreasean increase in oil production in 2018, a decrease in field development,proved developed dry gas reserves of the natural decline of fieldsPoza Rica, Burgos and following bidding rounds conducted by the Mexican Government, the transfer to third parties of rights to certain fields included in our 2017 reserves.Abkatún-Pol-Chuc fields. The amount of dry gas reserves added in 20182020 was insufficientsufficient to offset the level of production in 2018,2020, which amounted to 887818.7 billion cubic feet of dry gas. Our proved undeveloped dry gas reserves increased by 16.5%11.6% in 2018,2020, from 2,5672,743.1 billion cubic feet at December 31, 20172019 to 2,9903,061.9 billion cubic feet at December 31, 2018.2020. This increase was primarilyprincipally due to new discoveries.an increase in proved undeveloped dry gas reserves of the Poza Rica, Burgos and Abkatún-Pol-Chuc fields.

During 2018,2020, our exploratory activity in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico and onshore regions resulted in the discovery of fourthree new fields: the twoonshore ChocolCamatl, Paki and CibixXolotl crude oil fields,the offshore Mulach crude oil field,fields. Three new reservoirs were also discovered in our existing fields: Cibix, Terra and the offshore Malik NW crude oil field.Pokche. In addition, extension activities in our DoctusPokche, Ixachi and IxachiQuesqui fields led to the incorporation of additional proved reserves. Together, these extensions and discoveries led to the incorporation of approximately 287130.6 million barrels of oil equivalent.

In 2018,2020, our proved reserves increased by 3171,019.9 million barrels of oil equivalent due to reclassifications, development, revisions and discoveries.

The following three tables of crude oil and dry gas reserves set forth our estimates of our proved reserves determined in accordance withRule 4-10(a).

Summary of Oil and Gas(1) Proved Reserves as of December 31, 20182020

Based on Average Fiscal Year Prices

 

    Crude Oil and Condensates(2)Dry Gas(3)
(in millions of barrels)    (in billions of cubic feet)    
 Crude Oil and Condensates(2) Dry Gas(3) 
 (in millions of barrels) (in billions of cubic feet) 

Proved developed and undeveloped reserves

     

Proved developed reserves

   3,588  3,380   3,603.4   3,922.3 

Proved undeveloped reserves

   2,198  2,990   2,437.6   3,061.9 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total proved reserves

   5,786   6,370   6,041.0   6,984.2 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding

(1)

We do not currently produce synthetic oil or synthetic gas, or other natural resources from which synthetic oil or synthetic gas can be produced.

(2)

Crude oil and condensate reserves include the fraction of liquefiable hydrocarbons recoverable in natural gas processing plants located at fields.

(3)

Reserve volumes reported in this table are volumes of dry gas, although natural gas production reported in other tables refers to sour wet gas. There is a shrinkage in volume when natural gas liquids and impurities are extracted to obtain dry gas. Therefore, reported natural gas volumes are greater than dry gas volumes.

Source:

Pemex Exploration and Production.

Crude Oil and Condensate Reserves

(including natural gas liquids)(1)

 

  2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 
      2014         2015         2016         2017         2018       (in millions of barrels) 
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves  (in millions of barrels)       

At January 1

   11,079  10,292  7,977  7,219  6,427    7,977   7,219   6,427   5,786   5,961 

Revisions(2)

   95  (1,491 189  (95 22    189   (95  22   784   651 

Extensions and discoveries

   119  111  (55 147  140    (55  147   140   78   97 

Production

   (1,001 (935 (891 (805 (743   (891  (805  (743  (688  (695

Farm-outs and transfer of fields due to CNH bidding process

           (38 (59

Farm-outs and transfer of E&P contracts and fields due to CNH bidding process

   —     (38  (59  —     27 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

At December 31

   10,292  7,977  7,220  6,428  5,786    7,220   6,428   5,786   5,961   6,041 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Proved developed reserves at December 31

   7,141   5,725   4,886   4,166   3,588    4,886   4,166   3,588   3,585   3,603 

Proved undeveloped reserves at December 31

   3,151   2,252   2,333   2,261   2,198    2,333   2,261   2,198   2,376   2,438 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Crude oil and condensate reserves include the fraction of liquefiable hydrocarbons recoverable in natural gas processing plants located at fields.

(2)

Revisions include positive and negative changes due to new data from well drilling, revisions made when actual reservoir performance differs from expected performance and the effect of changes in hydrocarbon prices.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

Dry Gas Reserves

   2016  2017  2018  2019  2020 
   (in billions of cubic feet) 

Proved developed and undeveloped reserves

      

At January 1

   8,610   6,984   6,593   6,370   6,352 

Revisions(1)

   (183  169   3   656   1,240 

Extensions and discoveries

   (308  468   809   196   176 

Production(2)

   (1,134  (999  (887  (870  (819

Farm-outs and transfer of E&P contracts and fields due to CNH bidding process

   —     (29  (148  —     35 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

At December 31

   6,984   6,593   6,370   6,352   6,984 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Proved developed reserves at December 31

   4,513   4,026   3,380   3,609   3,922 

Proved undeveloped reserves at December 31

   2,471   2,567   2,990   2,743   3,062 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Revisions include positive and negative changes due to new data from well drilling, revisions made when actual reservoir performance differs from expected performance and the effect of changes in hydrocarbon prices.

Source:

  Pemex Exploration and Production.

Dry Gas Reserves

       2014          2015          2016          2017          2018     
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves  (in billions of cubic feet) 

At January 1

   12,273   10,859   8,610   6,984   6,593 

Revisions(1)

   4   (955  (183  169   3 

Extensions and discoveries

   93   47   (308  468   809 

Production(2)

   (1,511  (1,341  (1,134  (999  (887
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Farm-outs and transfer of fields due to CNH bidding process

            (29  (148
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

At December 31

   10,859   8,610   6,984   6,593   6,370 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Proved developed reserves at December 31

   6,740   6,012   4,513   4,026   3,380 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Proved undeveloped reserves at December 31

   4,119   2,598   2,471   2,567   2,990 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Revisions include positive and negative changes due to new data from well drilling, revisions made when actual reservoir performance differs from expected performance and the effect of changes in hydrocarbon prices.

(2)

Production refers here to dry gas, although natural gas production reported in other tables refers to sour wet gas. There is a shrinkage in volume when natural gas liquids and impurities are extracted to obtain dry gas. Therefore, reported natural gas volumes are greater than dry gas volumes.

Source:

Pemex Exploration and Production.

The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2018,2020, the volumes of proved developed and undeveloped reserves, the number of producing wells and the number of proved undeveloped locations for the fields that contained 95.3%95.0% of our proved reserves.

 

   Reserves      

Field

      Proved(1)          Developed(1)          Undeveloped(1)          Number of    
Producing
Wells
  Number of
    Undeveloped    
Locations(2)
   (in millions of barrels of oil equivalent)      

Ku-Maloob-Zaap

  1,858.0  1,515.7  342.2  178  33

Akal

  669.0  669.0    83  26

Ayatsil

  604.7  202.0  402.7  11  27

Aceite Terciario del Golfo(3)

  579.1  109.4  469.6  1,943  3,403

Ixachi

  364.6  32.3  332.2  1  26

Jujo-Tecominoacán

  172.7  83.9  88.8  31  18

Antonio J. Bermudez(4)

  157.3  96.0  61.4  236  38

Xikin

  143.9    143.9    5

Balam

  133.5  112.4  21.1  10  2

Onel

  119.3  88.3  31.0  9  4

Ek

  76.5  12.1  64.3  12  7

Santuario

  66.7  19.1  47.6  30  

Lakach

  63.5    63.5    3

Tekel

  59.7    59.7    8

Pokche

  56.9    56.9    6

Xux

  56.7  35.4  21.3  13  3

Tamaulipas Constituciones

  51.8  22.9  29.0  251  126

Teotleco

  46.3  27.3  19.0  10  2

Sihil

  42.9  26.5  16.4  16  

Utsil

  42.0    42.0    8

Arenque

  41.6  34.5  7.0  14  2

Poza Rica

  41.0  30.7  10.3  187  32

Ayín

  39.0    39.0    3

Homol

  38.9  27.7  11.2  10  

Tsimín

  35.1  35.1    13  

Suuk

  35.1    35.1    3

Puerto Ceiba

  34.6  23.4  11.1  14  5

Gasífero

  33.3  29.5  3.9  24  7

Giraldas

  32.5  24.1  8.3  9  1

Ixtal

  32.4  32.4    10  

Kambesah

  31.0  31.0    4  

Cuitláhuac

  27.4  16.7  10.7  178  52

Costero

  27.4  18.3  9.2  10  

Tizón

  26.0  22.0  4.0  10  1

Terra

  25.2  25.2    12  

Rabasa

  24.7  24.7    34  

Etkal

  23.1  8.7  14.4  1  2

Kax

  22.3  22.3    2  

Bellota

  22.0  16.0  6.0  6  2

Cárdenas-Mora

  21.8  15.0  6.8  12  

Tupilco

  21.5  13.9  7.6  24  5

Ogarrio

  20.4  6.0  14.4  72  10

Caparroso-Pijije-Escuintle

  20.3  14.1  6.2  16  1

Valeriana

  20.2  10.1  10.2    1

Lum

  19.6  16.2  3.4  4  3

May

  19.5  19.5    10  

Sen

  18.9  11.6  7.3  12  1
   Reserves   Number of Producing
Wells
   Number of
Undeveloped
Locations(2)
 

Field

  Proved(1)   Developed(1)   Undeveloped(1) 
   (in millions of barrels of oil equivalent)         

Ku-Maloob-Zaap

   1,256.8    999.6    257.2    173    31 

Ayatsil

   1,028.3    521.4    506.9    26    21 

Akal

   659.3    659.3    0.0    67    0 

Ixachi

   633.9    210.8    423.1    8    18 

Aceite Terciario del Golfo (3)

   630.8    108.8    522.0    1,328    3,160 

Balam (5)

   185.5    153.7    31.8    16    5 

Kayab

   178.7    0.0    178.7    0    26 

Pit

   152.3    0.0    152.3    0    13 

Quesqui

   151.9    29.8    122.1    2    11 

Antonio J. Bermudez (4)

   123.8    79.0    44.8    179    24 

Onel

   107.6    107.6    0.0    19    0 

Ek (5)

   94.5    43.7    50.8    15    6 

Pokche

   78.6    8.2    70.4    0    8 

Suuk

   70.7    0.0    70.7    0    6 

Santuario-El Golpe

   67.5    24.4    43.1    30    n.a. 

Tekel

   60.9    0.0    60.9    0    8 

Lakach

   60.3    0.0    60.3    0    3 

Teotleco

   57.4    51.6    5.8    11    1 

Tamaulipas Constituciones

   54.1    33.6    20.5    256    87 

Jujo-Tecominoacán

   53.8    46.4    7.4    19    5 

Xanab

   51.0    51.0    0.0    3    0 

Tizón

   48.7    48.7    0.0    9    0 

Yaxché

   47.7    34.4    13.3    0    4 

Arenque

   42.7    34.2    8.5    15    2 

Utsil

   41.9    0.0    41.9    0    8 

Ébano

   38.5    13.3    25.2    103    n.a. 

Etkal

   37.6    19.1    18.6    2    2 

Nejo

   36.8    25.7    11.1    30    61 

Xux

   35.7    35.7    0.0    10    0 

Sihil

   29.1    29.1    0.0    16    0 

  Reserves      Reserves   Number of Producing
Wells
   Number of
Undeveloped
Locations(2)
 

Field

      Proved(1)         Developed(1)         Undeveloped(1)         Number of    
Producing
Wells
  Number of
    Undeveloped    
Locations(2)
  Proved(1)   Developed(1)   Undeveloped(1) 
  (in millions of barrels of oil equivalent)         

Ayín

   28.5    0.0    28.5    0    4 

Sini

   25.4    25.4    0.0    7    0 

Giraldas

   25.2    25.2    0.0    8    0 

Poza Rica

   25.1    17.3    7.7    192    23 

Eltreinta

   25.1    21.6    3.5    16    3 

Madrefil

   25.1    19.7    5.4    7    2 

Tlacame

   24.1    22.7    1.4    3    2 

Caparroso-Pijije-Escuintle

   23.3    17.9    5.5    14    1 

Gasífero

   23.2    22.0    1.2    28    2 

Cárdenas-Mora

   21.8    16.6    5.1    12    n.a. 

Kambesah

   21.4    21.4    0.0    5    0 

Costero

   20.4    20.4    0.0    11    0 

Terra

   19.9    19.9    0.0    10    0 

Homol

   19.6    19.6    0.0    7    0 

Mulach

   19.6    13.7    5.9    5    2 

May

   19.4    19.4    0.0    9    0 

Jaatsul

   18.9    0.0    18.9    0    3 

Puerto Ceiba

   18.8    15.8    3.0    17    1 

Rabasa

   18.7    11.8    6.9    37    12 

Ixtal

   18.6    18.6    0.0    13    0 

Bellota

   18.6    13.6    5.0    6    2 

Valeriana

   17.6    0.7    16.8    1    0 

Cuitláhuac

   17.4    16.3    1.2    191    43 

Takín

   17.4    17.4    0.0    3    0 

Ixtoc

   17.3    17.3    0.0    9    0 

Esah

   17.2    0.0    17.2    0    2 

Tsimín

   16.9    16.9    0.0    7    0 

Cibix

   16.9    6.7    10.1    3    4 

Lum

   16.2    12.9    3.3    3    3 

Koban

   16.0    0.0    16.0    0    4 

Edén-Jolote

   16.0    14.2    1.8    5    1 

Bedel

   15.6    11.3    4.3    13    6 

Xikin

   15.5    15.5    0.0    2    0 

Paredón

   15.3    15.3    0.0    3    0 

Chinchorro

  18.8 16.1 2.7 4  1   14.7    12.0    2.7    4    1 

Jaatsul

  18.7  18.7   3

Cinco Presidentes

   13.5    11.5    2.0    37    2 

Ogarrio

   13.4    1.8    11.6    71    n.a. 

Tupilco

   13.2    13.2    0.0    13    0 

Abkatún

  18.6 18.6  12     13.2    13.2    0.0    13    0 

Yaxché

  18.4 7.1 11.2 7  4

Madrefil

  17.9 17.9  6  

Eltreinta

  17.7 13.6 4.1 13  5

Bedel

  17.2 10.7 6.5 7  5

Cuervito

  16.8 5.3 11.5 86  48   13.1    3.6    9.5    91    45 

Kuil

  16.5 5.4 11.1 8  1

Nejo

  15.8 15.7 0.1 169  1

Ébano Chapacao

  15.5 11.6 3.9 162  38

Paredón

  15.3 15.3  2  

Cinco Presidentes

  15.2 14.6 0.6 34  4

Takín

  15.2 15.2  4  

Bolontikú

   13.0    13.0    0.0    3    0 

Sunuapa

  15.0 11.7 3.4 11  2   12.2    9.6    2.6    8    2 

Ixtoc

  14.7 14.7  10  

Sen

   10.7    10.7    0.0    12    0 

Och

   10.7    10.7    0.0    5    0 

Misión

   10.4    7.4    3.0    9    n.a. 

Blasillo

   10.3    6.0    4.4    11    6 

Uech

   10.1    10.1    0.0    2    0 

Chac

   10.0    10.0    0.0    6    0 

Culebra

   9.6    8.9    0.7    296    2 

Pánuco

   9.3    1.9    7.4    38    121 

Chuc

  14.0 14.0  10     9.3    9.3    0.0    9    0 

Esah

  13.9  13.9   1

Bolontikú

  13.2 13.2  4  1

Uchbal

  13.3  13.3   4

Los Soldados

  13.0 11.8 1.2 21  3

Mulach

  12.9  12.9   2

Edén-Jolote

  12.8 8.7 4.1 6  2

Sini

  12.7 8.4 4.3 6  1

Kab

  12.5 10.9 1.6 6  2

Cacalilao

  12.2 4.8 7.4 90  99   9.2    1.8    7.4    47    97 

Manik

  12.0 9.4 2.6 3  1

Jacinto

  11.2 11.2  3  

Blasillo

  11.2 6.8 4.5 21  6

San Ramón

  10.3 9.2 1.2 41  4

Pánuco

  10.2 2.9 7.3 57  121

Xanab

  9.7 9.7  9  

Och

  9.3 9.3  5  

Nohoch

  9.2 9.2  7     9.1    9.1    0.0    7    0 

Ayocote

  9.0 8.6 0.4 11  1

Rodador

  8.7 8.7  22  

Tetl

  8.6  8.6   4

Tintal

  7.8 7.8  6     9.0    9.0    0.0    9    0 

Batsil

  7.3  7.3   

Kanaab

  7.1 7.1  3  

Pareto

  7.1 7.1  2  

Cheek

  7.0  7.0   

Magallanes-Tucán-Pajonal

  6.9 5.6 1.3 35  3

Bacab

  6.6 6.6  6  

Cauchy

  6.4 6.4  15  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

Total

  6,683.3 3,971.9 2,711.4 4,446  4,243   7,016.4    4,049.0    2,967.4    3,675    3,906 
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Our proved reserves

  7,010.3 4,236.9 2,773.4      7,383.9    4,357.6    3,026.3     

Percentage

  95.3% 93.7% 97.7%      95.0    92.9    98.1     

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

n.a.: No data available as undeveloped reserves are located in areas shared with third-parties.

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Proved reserves, developed reserves and undeveloped reserves are expressed in millions of barrels of oil equivalent. To convert dry gas to barrels of oil equivalent, a factor of 5.201 thousand cubic feet of dry gas per barrel of oil equivalent is used.

(2)

Undeveloped Locations refers to the number of geographic sites or locations where a well will be drilled to produce undeveloped proved reserves.

(3)

Includes extraction assignments and temporary assignments.

(4)

Includes the Cunduacán, Iride, Oxiacaque, Platanal and Samaria fields.

Source:(5)

These fields are part of Pemex Exploration and Production’s first exploitation contract without partner, Ek-Balam.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

Ourreserve-replacement ratio, or RRR, for a given period is calculated by dividing the sum of proved reserves additions due to discoveries, developments, delineations and revisions by that period’s total production. During 2018,2020, we obtained 3171,019.9 million barrels of oil equivalent of proved reserves, which represents an RRR of 34.7%119.7%, as compared to our RRR of 17.5%120.1% in 2017.2019. We expect continued improvements in ourto continue to obtain an RRR in subsequentexcess of 100%, as in the last two years.

Our reserves production ratio, which is presented in terms of years, is calculated by dividing the estimated remaining reserves at the end of the relevant year by the total production of hydrocarbons for that year. As of December 31, 2018,2020, this ratio stayed constant with 2017 levels and was equal to 7.78.7 years for proved reserves. For more information, see Note 3332 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Sales Prices and Production Costs

The following table sets forth our average sales price per unit of oil and gas produced and our average production cost per unit of production, in the aggregate and for each field containing 10% or more of our proved reserves.

Unit Sales Prices and Production Costs(1)

 

   Ku-Maloob-Zaap  Akal  Other
Fields
  All Fields
   (in U.S. dollars)

Year ended December 31, 2018

            

Average sales prices

            

Crude oil, per barrel

   U.S.$ 58.71    U.S.$ 61.41    U.S.$ 66.34    U.S.$ 66.13

Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet

    4.37    1.62    4.21    4.21

Average production costs, per barrel of oil equivalent

    10.03    38.94    14.78    13.73

Year ended December 31, 2017

            

Average sales prices

            

Crude oil, per barrel

    41.70    48.75    52.90    48.71

Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet

    5.07    4.25    4.12    4.32

Average production costs, per barrel of oil equivalent

    7.53    23.25    11.53    10.90

Year ended December 31, 2016

            

Average sales prices

            

Crude oil, per barrel

    30.11    36.67    40.21    36.55

Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet

    3.40    2.86    3.16    3.01

Average production costs, per barrel of oil equivalent

    5.34    16.53    8.08    7.78

   Ku-Maloob-Zaap   Akal(2)   Other Fields   All Fields 
   (in U.S. dollars) 

Year ended December 31, 2020

        

Average sales prices

        

Crude oil, per barrel

  U.S. $31.37   U.S. $40.16   U.S. $40.08   U.S. $35.47 

Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet

   2.91    1.21    2.52    2.54 

Average production costs, per barrel of oil equivalent

   9.05    16.79    11.98    11.15 

Year ended December 31, 2019

        

Average sales prices

        

Crude oil, per barrel

   53.34    59.68    61.73    57.13 

Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet

   3.63    1.57    3.54    3.55 

Average production costs, per barrel of oil equivalent

   10.37    17.27    16.32    14.06 

Year ended December 31, 2018

        

Average sales prices

        

Crude oil, per barrel

   58.71    61.41    66.34    66.13 

Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet

   4.37    1.62    4.21    4.21 

Average production costs, per barrel of oil equivalent

   10.03    38.94    14.78    13.73 

 

(1)

Average of sales prices as of the last day of each month of the year.

Source:(2)

As of December 2020, the Akal field represented less than 10% of Pemex Exploration and Production.Production’s total proved reserves

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

In 2018,2020, our average production cost was U.S. $13.73$11.15 per barrel of oil equivalent, which represented an increasea decrease of 26.0%20.7%, as compared to our average production cost of U.S. $10.90$14.06 per barrel of oil equivalent in 2017.2019. This increasedecrease resulted primarily from an increasea reduction in expenses for the maintenanceestimated price per barrel of wells, equipmentcrude oil, resulting in decreased royalty payments, and production facilities and paymentsthe implementation ofnon-income related taxes and duties. cost reduction strategies consistent with our 2019-2023 Business Plan.

We calculate and disclose our production costs pursuant to international practices, which are based on U.S. GAAP under ASC Topic 932. In accordance with ASC Topic 932, the production cost per barrel of oil equivalent is calculated by dividing total production expenses (in U.S. dollars) by total production of oil and gas (in barrels of oil equivalent) for the relevant period.

Our total production cost consists of all direct and indirect costs incurred to produce crude oil and gas, including costs associated with the operation and maintenance of wells and related equipment and facilities. In addition, it includes costs of labor to operate the wells and facilities, the costs of materials, supplies and fuel consumed, including gas used for gas lifting, nitrogen and other chemicals, repair andnon-capitalized maintenance costs, and other costs, such as fees for general services, a labor fund for active personnel, corporate services, indirect overhead and applicable taxes and duties. However, it excludesnon-cash expenses such as amortization of capitalized well expenses, the depreciation of fixed assets, expenses associated with the distribution and handling of oil and gas and other expenses that are related to exploration, development and drilling activities.

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production

In 2018,2020, we produced an average of 1,822.51,686.3 thousand barrels per day of crude oil, 6.5% less thanan increase of 0.1% as compared to our average production in 2017 of 1,948.31,683.8 thousand barrels per day of crude oil.oil in 2019. The decreaseincrease in 20182020 resulted primarily from the decrease of productionnew fields in the Cantarell,Yaxché-Xanab, Crudo Ligero Marino, ElGolpe-Puerto Ceiba,Bellota-Chinchorro, Complejo Antonio J. Bermúdez,Cactus-Sitio Grande,Ixtal-Manik, Chuc, Costero Terrestreoffshore region (Cahua, Cheek, Chejekbal, Hok, Mulach, Manik NW, Octli andTsimin-Xux projects. Notwithstanding this overall decrease, our Tlacame) and in the onshore regions (Teotleco, Sini, Tokal, Quesqui, Cibix and Ixachi). Our average production of heavy crude oil increased by 22.2remained the same, at 1,074.5 thousand barrels per day, or 2.1% more than the average daily production in 2017, primarily due to an increase in our drilling and maintenance activities and a deceleration in the decline in field production primally inat our fields, primarily at theKu-Maloob-Zaap andAyatsil-Tekel projects. Ayatsil field. In 2018,2020, the average production of light crude oil decreasedincrease by 147.82.5 thousand barrels per day, or 16.4%0.4%, as compared to 2017. This decrease occurred2019. The increase in light crude oil production was mainly due to a natural declinebecause of an increase in production at new offshore fields (Cahua, Cheek, Chejekbal, Hok, Mulach, Manik NW, Octli, and Tlacame) and in the Chuhuk, Caan,Teotleco, Sini, Tokal, Quesqui, Cibix and Ixtal fields of theAbkatún-Pol-Chuc business unit; the Xanab, Tsimín, Sinán, Bolontikú and Yaxché fields of the Litoral de Tabasco business unit; the Costero, Sitio Grande, Teotleco fields of theMacuspana-Muspac business unit; and the Samaria, Íride, Cunduacán and Sini fields of theSamaria-Luna business unit.Ixachi onshore regions.

Crude oil can be classified by its sulfur content. “Sour” or heavy crude oil contains 3.4% or greater sulfur content by weight and “sweet” or light crude oil contains less than 1.0% sulfur content by weight. Most of our production is classified as sour or heavy crude oil.

Our exploration and production segment primarily produces four types of crude oil:

 

Altamira, a heavy crude oil;

 

Maya, a heavy crude oil;

 

Isthmus, a light crude oil; and

 

Olmeca, anextra-light crude oil.

Most of our production consists of Isthmus and Maya crude oil. In 2018, 58.8%2020, 63.7% of our total production of crude oil consisted of heavy crude oil and 41.2%36.3% consisted of light andextra-light crude oil. The Marine regions yield mostly heavy crude oil (65.9%(71.1% of these regions’ production in 2018)2020), although significant volumes of light and extra light crude oil are also produced there (34.1%(28.9% of these regions’ production in 2018)2020). The Southern region yields mainly light andextra-light crude oil (together, 88.2%85.6% of this region’s production in 2018)2020), as well as lesser amounts of heavy crude oil (14.4% of this region’s production in 2020) and the Northern region yields both light andextra-light crude oil (46.6%(23.2% of this region’s production in 2018)2020) and heavy crude oil (53.4%(76.8% of this region’s production in 2018)2020).

The most productive crude oil and natural gas fields in the Gulf of Mexico are located in theKu-MaloobZaap,Ku-Maloob-Zaap, Litoral de Tabasco,Abkatún-Pol-Chuc and Cantarell business units in the Marine regions and the SarmariaSamaria Luna andBellota-Jujo business units in the Southern region. In particular, theKu-Maloob-Zaap business unit was theour most important crude oil producer in 2018,2020, producing an average of 874.7784.3 thousand barrels per day of crude oil per day in 2018,2020, or 48.0%46.5% of our total crude oil production for the year, and 693.5871.4 million cubic feet per day of natural gas, or 14.4%18.3% of our total natural gas production for the year. Our second most important crude oil producer was Litoral de Tabasco which produced an average of 291.1258.2 thousand barrels per day of crude oil per day in 2018,2020, or 16.0%15.3% of our total crude oil production for the year, and an average of 798.0626.4 million cubic feet per day of natural gas, or 16.6 %13.2% of our total natural gas production for the year.

The following table sets forth our annual crude oil production rates by type of oil for the five years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Crude Oil Production

 

  Year ended December 31,   2018 
          2014                   2015                   2016                   2017                   2018                   vs. 2017           Year ended December 31,     
  (in thousands of barrels per day)   (%)   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
  (in thousands of barrels per day)   (%) 

Marine regions

                        

Heavy crude oil

   1,160.1    1,054.9    1,018.3    978.0    996.1    1.9    1,018.3    978.0    996.1    982.7    976.1    (0.7

Light crude oil(1)

   682.7    605.6    514.8    402.2    397.1    (1.3

Total

   1,700.9    1,583.6    1,510.9    1,384.8    1,373.2    (0.8

Southern region

            

Heavy crude oil

   22.3    16.9    25.8    36.2    32.8    (9.4

Light crude oil(1)

   691.3    705.4    682.7    605.6    514.8    (15.0   321.8    249.8    193.6    172.2    194.9    13.2 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   344.1    266.7    219.4    208.4    227.8    9.3 

Northern region

            

Heavy crude oil

   62.0    54.2    49.3    55.6    65.5    17.8 

Light crude oil(1)

   46.5    43.8    43.0    34.9    19.8    (43.3
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   1,851.4    1,760.3    1,700.9    1,583.6    1,510.9    (4.6   108.5    97.9    92.3    90.6    85.3    (5.8

Southern region

            

Heavy crude oil

   35.0    31.7    22.3    16.9    25.8    52.7 

Light crude oil(1)

   417.4    362.1    321.8    249.8    193.6    (22.5
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   452.4    393.8    344.1    266.7    219.4    (17.7

Northern region

            

Heavy crude oil

   70.4    65.7    62.0    54.2    49.3    (9.0

Light crude oil(1)

   54.6    47.0    46.5    43.8    43.0    (1.8
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   125.0    112.7    108.5    97.9    92.3    (5.7
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total heavy crude oil

   1,265.5    1,152.3    1,102.6    1,049.1    1,071.2    2.1    1,102.6    1,049.1    1,071.2    1,074.5    1,074.5    0.0 

Total light crude oil(1)

   1,163.3    1,114.5    1,051.0    899.2    751.4    (16.4   1,051.0    899.2    751.4    609.3    611.8    0.4 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total crude oil

   2,428.8    2,266.8    2,153.6    1,948.3    1,822.5    (6.5   2,153.6    1,948.3    1,822.5    1,683.8    1,686.3    0.1 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Includesextra-light crude oil.

Source:

  Pemex Exploration and Production.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

The following table sets forth our annual crude oil production by region and business unit for the five years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Crude Oil Production

 

  Year ended December 31,   2018 
          2014                   2015                   2016                   2017                   2018                   vs. 2017         
  Year ended December 31,     
  (in thousands of barrels per day)   (%)   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
  (in thousands of barrels per day)   (%) 

Marine regions

                        

Ku-Maloob-Zaap

   856.7    853.1    866.6    858.0    874.7    1.9    866.6    858.0    874.7    842.7    784.3    (6.9

Litoral de Tabasco

   359.9    345.8    291.1    198.8    258.2    29.9 

Abkatún-Pol-Chuc

   258.7    203.2    183.8    184.0    169.4    (7.9

Cantarell

   374.9    273.4    215.8    176.0    161.2    (8.4   215.8    176.0    161.2    159.3    161.2    1.2 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Litoral de Tabasco

   320.4    347.2    359.9    345.8    291.1    (15.8

Abkatún-Pol-Chuc

   299.3    286.7    258.7    203.2    183.8    (9.5
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   1,700.9    1,583.6    1,510.9    1,384.8    1,373.2    (0.8

Southern region

            

Samaria-Luna

   127.0    99.9    86.5    82.1    86.3    5.1 

Bellota-Jujo

   90.3    72.4    58.6    58.2    71.8    23.4 

Cinco Presidentes

   80.0    63.1    50.7    41.5    36.5    (12.0

Macuspana-Muspac

   46.8    31.3    23.6    26.4    33.2    25.8 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   1,851.4    1,760.4    1,700.9    1,583.6    1,510.9    (4.6   344.1    266.7    219.4    208.3    227.8    9.4 

Southern region

            

Samaria-Luna

   161.4    145.4    127.0    99.9    86.5    (13.4

Bellota-Jujo

   124.8    101.7    90.3    72.4    58.6    (19.1

Cinco Presidentes

   89.1    87.6    80.0    63.1    50.7    (19.7

Macuspana-Muspac

   77.0    59.0    46.8    31.3    23.6    (24.6
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   452.4    393.7    344.1    266.7    219.4    (17.7

Northern region

            

Aceite Terciario del Golfo

   48.8    42.0    39.8    34.4    28.4    (17.4

PozaRica-Altamira

   59.8    58.7    53.9    48.2    43.7    (9.3

Burgos

   5.0    —      —      —      2.6    100.0 

Veracruz

   11.4    12.1    14.8    15.3    17.6    15.0 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   125.0    112.7    108.5    97.9    92.3    (5.7
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total crude oil

   2,428.8    2,266.9    2,153.6    1,948.3    1,822.5    (6.5
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

   Year ended December 31,     
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
   (in thousands of barrels per day)   (%) 

Northern region

            

Poza Rica-Altamira

   53.9    48.2    43.7    41.0    55.5    (15.0

Aceite Terciario del Golfo(1)

   39.8    34.4    28.4    24.3    n.a.    n.a. 

Veracruz

   14.8    15.3    17.6    22.3    28.4    27.4 

Burgos

   —      —      2.6    3.0    1.6    (46.7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   108.5    97.9    92.3    90.6    85.4    (5.7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total crude oil

   2,153.6    1,948.3    1,822.5    1,683.8    1,686.3    0.1 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Source:n.a.

No data available due to the merger of the Aceite Terciario del Golfo business unit with the Poza Rica-Altamira business unit in 2019.

(1)

Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Exploration and Production, as a result of organizational changes, merged the Aceite Terciario del Golfo business unit into the Poza Rica-Altamira business unit.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

The Marine regions, which are comprised of the Northeastern Marine region and the Southwestern Marine region, are located on the continental shelf and its slope in the Gulf of Mexico. They cover a surface area of approximately 550,000 square kilometers, located entirely within Mexican territorial waters, along the coast of the states of Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, Quintana Roo and the southern coast of the state of Veracruz. In 2018,2020, the average crude oil production from the 4349 fields located in these regions was 1,510.81,373.2 thousand barrels per day.

The Southern region covers an area of approximately 392,000 square kilometers, including the states of Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco, Yucatán, Quintana Roo, Campeche and Veracruz. In 2018,2020, the average crude oil production from the 8676 fields located in this region was 219.4227.8 thousand barrels per day.

The Northern region, including its offshore area, is located on the continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico along the coast of the state of Tamaulipas and the northern coast of the state of Veracruz. It covers an area of approximately 1.8 million square kilometers. Our production area in the onshore portion of this region is located in, among others, the states of Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila, San Luis Potosí and Puebla; we also produce offshore on the continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico. In 2018,2020, the average crude oil and natural gas production in the Northern region totaled 92.385.4 thousand barrels per day of crude oil, per day and 1,003.7 million cubic feet of natural gas per day, respectively, from the 263188 oil and gas fields in this region.

The following table sets forth our annual natural gas production by region and business unit for the five years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Natural Gas Production

 

  Year ended December 31,   2018 
          2014                   2015                   2016                   2017                   2018                   vs. 2017         
  Year ended December 31,     
  (in millions of cubic feet per day)   (%)   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
  (in millions of cubic feet per day)   (%) 

Marine regions

                        

Cantarell

   1,120.9    1,277.1    1,184.9    1,133.4    1,151.1    1.6    1,184.9    1,133.4    1,151.1    1,245.7    1,163.6    (6.6

Ku-Maloob-Zaap

   589.3    552.3    693.5    785.8    871.4    10.9 

Litoral de Tabasco

   842.6    993.5    950.0    882.3    798.0    (9.6   950.0    882.3    798.0    713.1    626.4    (12.2

Abkatún-Pol-Chuc

   553.4    455.9    390.5    319.5    288.2    (9.8   390.5    319.5    288.2    300.5    362.3    20.6 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Ku-Maloob-Zaap

   571.0    556.5    589.3    552.3    693.5    25.6 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   3,087.9    3,283.0    3,114.6    2,887.6    2,930.8    1.5    3,114.6    2,887.6    2,930.8    3,045.2    3,023.7    (0.7

Southern region

                        

Samaria-Luna

   583.1    500.3    498.7    426.9    381.0    (10.8   498.7    426.9    381.0    371.7    331.6    (10.8

Macuspana-Muspac

   490.5    455.3    382.2    291.6    249.2    (14.5   382.2    291.6    249.2    269.3    309.6    15.0 

Bellota-Jujo

   288.9    264.5    231.5    183.3    147.4    (19.6   231.5    183.3    147.4    128.1    162.9    27.2 

Cinco Presidentes

   152.8    160.1    137.7    109.1    90.9    (16.7   137.7    109.1    90.9    74.3    59.6    (19.8
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   1,515.4    1,380.1    1,250.0    1,011.0    868.5    (14.1

Northern region

            

Burgos

   1,221.0    1,099.0    864.6    699.2    603.9    (13.6

Veracruz

   455.3    392.2    322.8    263.5    217.3    (17.5

Aceite Terciario del

            

Golfo

   149.5    145.2    142.5    118.5    92.2    (22.2

PozaRica-Altamira

   102.8    101.5    97.9    88.2    90.3    2.4 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   1,928.6    1,737.9    1,427.8    1,169.4    1,003.7    (14.2
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total natural gas

   6,531.8    6,401.1    5,792.5    5,068.0    4,803.0    (5.2
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

   Year ended December 31,     
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
   (in millions of cubic feet per day)   (%) 

Total

   1,250.0    1,011.0    868.5    843.4    863.7    2.4 

Northern region

            

Burgos

   864.6    699.2    603.9    567.6    522.2    (8.0

Veracruz

   322.8    263.5    217.3    208.1    224.4    7.8 

Aceite Terciario del Golfo (1)

   142.5    118.5    92.2    69.4    n.a.    n.a. 

Poza Rica-Altamira

   97.9    88.2    90.3    82.5    127.6    (16.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   1,427.8    1,169.4    1,003.7    927.6    874.1    (5.8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total natural gas

   5,792.5    5,068.0    4,803.0    4,816.2    4,761.6    (1.1

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Source:n.a.

No data available due to the merger of the Aceite Terciario del Golfo business unit with the Poza Rica-Altamira business unit in 2019.

(1)

Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Exploration and Production.Production, as a result of organizational changes, merged the Aceite Terciario del Golfo business unit into the Poza Rica-Altamira business unit.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

In 2018,2020, the Marine regions produced 2,930.83,023.7 million cubic feet per day of natural gas, or 61.0%63.5% of our total natural gas production, an increasea decrease of 1.5%0.7% as compared to the regions’ 20172019 production of 2,887.63,045.2 million cubic feet per day. In 2018,2020, the Southern region produced 868.5863.7 million cubic feet per day of natural gas, or 18.1% of our total natural gas production, a decreasean increase of 14.1%2.4% as compared to the region’s 20172019 production of 1,010.9843.4 million cubic feet per day. In 2018,2020, the Northern region produced 1,003.7874.1 million cubic feet per day of natural gas, or 20.9%18.4% of our total natural gas production, a decrease of 14.1%5.8% as compared to the region’s 20172019 production of 1,169.4927.6 million cubic feet per day.

Our average natural gas production decreased by 5.2%1.1% in 2018,2020, from 5,067.84,816.2 million cubic feet per day in 20172019 to 4,803.04,761.6 million cubic feet per day in 2018.2020. Natural gas production associated with crude oil production accounted for 78.9%79.5% of total natural gas production in 2018,2020, with the remainder of natural gas production consisting of extraction from fields holding natural gas reserves. As of December 31, 2018, 1392020, 127 of our 394313 gas producing fields, or 35.3%40.6%, producednon-associated gas. Thesenon-associated gas fields accounted for 19.5%20.5% of all of our natural gas production in 2018.2020.

Investments in Exploration and Production

In nominal peso terms, our capital expenditures for exploration and production were Ps. 71,107107,149 million in 2018,2020, as compared to Ps. 85,49198,763 million in 2017,2019, representing a decreasean increase of 16.8% in nominal terms.8.5%. Of our total capital expenditures, Ps. 10,879(i) Ps.18,541 million was directed to theKu-Maloob-Zaap fields, (ii) Ps. 1,0658,045 million was directed to theTsimin-XuxEk-Balam, project,(iii) Ps. 13,1786,239 million was directed to the Integral Yaxché, (iv) Ps. 5,833 million was directed to the Chuc, project,(v) Ps. 2,2283,112 million was directed to the Cuenca de Veracruz, (vi) Ps. 2,637 million was directed to the Cantarell, fields,(vii) Ps. 3,5352,600 million was directed to the Crudo Ligero Marino project,Tamaulipas-Constituciones, (viii) Ps. 1,227 million was directed to theOgarrio-Sánchez Magallanes project, Ps. 879 million was directed to the Delta del Gijalva fields, Ps. 1,4482,434 million was directed to the Antonio J. Bermúdez, fields,(ix) Ps. 162 million was used for development of the Burgos natural gas fields and Ps. 5111,661 million was directed to the ATG project.El Golpe-Puerto Ceiba, (x) Ps. 1,605 million was directed to the Cactus-Sitio Grande. During 2018,2020, expenditures for these ten projects amounted to 49.0%represented 49.2% of all our capital expenditures forin exploration and production. The remaining 51.0%50.8% amounted to Ps. 36,29554,443 million in nominal terms, which was directed to the 1614 remaining projects, as well as to other exploratory projects, other19 new development projects and administrativedrilling and technical support.services projects.

2019 Exploration and Production Capital Expenditures and Budget

For 2019,2021, our total capital expenditures budget is Ps. 98,226179,275 million, as compared to Ps. 71,107107,149 million of capital expenditures made in 2018,2020, representing an increase of 38.1%67.3%, largely with a view of reaching our objectives of stopping and reversing the decline in our reserves and production, and accelerating the development of discovered fields. The 20192021 budget includes Ps. 71,221 for all of the 2625 ongoing strategic exploration and production projects, and an additional Ps. 21,15439,767 million to be allocated to other exploratory projects.projects, Ps. 77,05466,924 million to be allocated to other development projects and Ps. 1,363 million for other drilling and services activities. Of our 2021 capital expenditures budget, Ps. 134,719 million, or 78.4% of our 2019 capital expenditures budget75.1%, is to be allocated to projects relating to field development and pipelines.pipelines and Ps. 21,17244,556 million, or 21.6%24.9%, of the total budget, will be allocated to exploration activities.

The 20192021 exploration and production budget includes (i) Ps. 17,16224,523 million for investments in theKu-Maloob-Zaap project, (ii) Ps. 5,1509,146 million for the Integral Yaxché project, (iii) Ps. 12,1947,659 million for the Ek-Balam project, (iv) Ps. 5,912 million for the Chuc project, (v) Ps. 1,1125,170 million for theTsimin-Xux Cuenca de Veracruz project, (vi) Ps. 1,4433,050 million for the Cantarell project, (vii) Ps. 1,5692,828 million for the Delta del GrijalvaOgarrio-Sánchez Magallanes project, (viii) Ps. 5,3051,784 million for Cactus-Sitio Grande project, (ix) Ps. 1,774 million for the Crudo Ligero Marino project, Ps. 2,130Golpe-Puerto Ceiba proyect, (x) Ps.1,309 million for the Antonio J. Bermúdez project Ps. 1,406 million for theOgarrio-Sánchez Magallanes project, Ps. 480 million for the Burgos project, Ps. 1,051 million for the Bellota Chinchorro project, and Ps. 49,224116,120 million for the remaining projects, as well as for other exploratory and development projects and administrative and technical support.drilling activities.

Exploration and Production Investment Trends

In 2018,2020, we invested Ps. 23,89222,298 million in nominal terms, or 33.6%20.8% of the total capital expenditures of our exploration and production segment, in exploration activities, which representsactivities. This represented a 16.9% decrease1.4% increase from the Ps. 28,75321,992 million invested in exploration activities in 2017.2019. In 2018,2020, we invested Ps. 47,21484,851 million in nominal terms, or 66.4%79.2% of our total capital expenditures in development activities, which representsactivities. This represented a 16.8% decrease10.5% increase from the Ps. 56,74176,771 million invested in development activities in 2017.2019.

In 2019,2021, we have budgeted Ps. 21,17244,556 million, or 21.6%24.9% of our total capital expenditures budget for the exploration activities of our exploration and production segment, whichsegment. This represents an 11.4% decreasea 99.8% increase in nominal terms from the amount invested in exploration activities in 2018.2020. This increase is mainly due to our strategy to increase the incorporation of reserves, as well as our commitment to pay accrued amounts in 2020.    For development activities in 2019,2021, we have budgeted Ps. 77,054134,719 million, or 78.4%75.1% of our total capital expenditures, whichexpenditures. This represents a 63.2%58.8 % increase in nominal terms fromas compared to the amount that we invested in development activities in 2018.2020.

Our projected exploration and development capital expenditures correspond to the areas assigned to us through bidding rounds, which represent the areas in which we are exploring, operating or have an interest in developing based on our operational capabilities. The Ministry of EnergySENER granted us the right to explore and develop these areas with the aim of maintaining our production levels in the short term, while providing us with sufficient exploration opportunities to increase our production in the future. Given that a significant number of exploration areas are reserved by the Mexican Government for potential future competitive bidding rounds, we intend to carry out our strategy of increasing production and improving our RRR over time by entering into strategic joint ventures with other oil and gas companies. Through these joint ventures, we hopecompanies, including pursuant to gain access

to new technologylong-term service contracts for oil production (contratos de servicios integrales de exploración y extracción, or CSIEEs). For more information regarding CSIEEs, see “Item 4 – Exploration and international best practices, while sharing the costs associated with security, occupational healthProduction – Crude Oil Distribution – Farm-outs and environmental protection and miniming our operational risks.CSIEEs.” Over time, the allocation of our capital expenditures budget may change due to a number ofseveral factors, including the results of potential subsequent bidding rounds in which we participate.

The capital expenditures of our exploration and production segment have constituted 73.5% or more of our total capital expenditures in each of the last three years. In 2019,2021, the budgeted capital expenditures offor our exploration and production segment constitute 61.7%92.2% of our total capital expenditures.

The following tables sets forth our capital expenditures, excludingnon-capitalizable maintenance, related to exploration and development for each of the three years ended December 31, 2018,2020, and the budget for 2019.2021. Capital expenditure amounts are derived from our budgetary records, which are prepared on a cash basis. Accordingly, these capital expenditure amounts do not correspond to capital expenditure amounts included in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Exploration and Development Capital Expenditures

 

  Year ended December 31,(1)               Budget             
            2019(2)            
 
              2016                           2017                           2018             
  Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget 
   (in millions of nominal pesos)     2018   2019(2)   2020(2)   2021(2)(3) 
  (in millions of pesos) (4) 

Exploration

   Ps. 32,441    Ps. 28,753    Ps. 23,892    Ps. 21,172   Ps.23,892   Ps.21,992   Ps.22,298   Ps.  44,556 

Development

   104,801    56,738    47,214    77,054    47,214    76,771    84,851    134,719 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   Ps. 137,242    Ps. 85,491    Ps. 71,107    Ps. 98,226   Ps. 71,107   Ps. 98,763   Ps. 107,149   Ps. 179,275 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.

(2)

OriginalFigures include our drilling and services line of business beginning July 1, 2019. Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services was merged into Pemex Exploration and Production.

(3)

An adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.November 30, 2020.

Source:(4)

  Pemex Exploration and ProductionFigures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production

Investments and Production by Project

We conduct exploration, production and development activities in fields throughout Mexico. Our ten main projects areKu-Maloob-Zaap, Integral Yaxché, Tsimin-Xux,Ek-Balam, ATG,Chuc, Cuenca de Veracruz, Cantarell, Crudo Ligero Marino, Burgos, Chuc, Antonio J. Bermúdez,Ogarrio-Sánchez Magallanes, Cactus-Sitio Grande, El Golpe-Puerto Ceiba and Delta del Grijalva.Antonio J. Bermúdez. These projects are described below.

Exploration and Production’s Capital Expenditures

 

  Year ended December 31,(1)               Budget             
            2019(2)            
 
              2016                           2017                           2018             
  Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget 
  (in millions of pesos)(3)   2018   2019   2020   2021(2) 
  (in millions of pesos)(3) 

Exploration and Production

              

Ku-Maloob-Zaap

   Ps. 10,879    Ps. 17,560    Ps. 18,541    Ps. 24,523 

Ek-Balam

   2,918    8,888    8,045    7,659 

Integral Yaxché

   3,686    5,592    6,239    9,146 

Chuc

   Ps. 10,024    Ps. 8,761    Ps. 13,178    Ps. 12,194    13,178    10,711    5,833    5,912 

Ku-Maloob-Zaap

   25,468    20,454    10,879    17,162 

Integral Yaxché

   10,116    7,984    3,686    5,150 

Cuenca de Veracruz

   2,018    2,110    3,112    5,170 

Cantarell

   2,228    2,342    2,637    3,050 

Tamaulipas-Constituciones

   339    1,232    2,600    584 

Antonio J. Bermúdez

   1,148    3,166    2,434    1,309 

El Golpe-Puerto Ceiba

   365    902    1,661    1,774 

Cactus-Sitio Grande

   412    1,377    1,605    1,784 

Tsimin-Xux

   1,065    803    1,352    557 

Ogarrio-Sánchez Magallanes

   1,227    1,092    1,235    2,828 

Delta del Grijalva

   879    958    1,235    1,022 

Crudo Ligero Marino

   4,931    1,026    3,535    5,305    3,535    3,715    1,002    433 

CEEk-Balam

           2,820    9,920 

Cantarell

   8,179    3,119    2,228    1,443 

Veracruz Basin

   884    671    2,018    660 

Ogarrio-Sánchez Magallanes

   3,543    1,063    1,227    1,406 

Bellota-Chinchorro

   1,978    400    1,187    1,051    1,187    1,646    918    780 

Antonio J. Bermúdez

   2,562    1,306    1,148    2,130 

Ixtal-Manik

   807    1,922    730    776 

Aceite Terciario del Golfo

   511    758    681    921 

Burgos

   162    243    535    614 

Integral Poza Rica

   324    491    437    884 

Jujo-Tecominoacán

   492    405    241    1,118 

Cuenca de Macuspana

   96    125    93    51 

Costero Terrestre

   114    83    57    19 

Lakach

   5,683    1,058    1,083    1,078    1,083    56    51    304 

Tsimin-Xux

   13,802    4,961    1,065    1,112 

Delta del Grijalva

   2,859    1,705    879    1,569 

Ixtal-Manik

   1,740    368    807    594 

Aceite Terciario del Golfo

   1,487    604    511    352 

Jujo-Tecominoacán

   997    565    492    823 

Cactus-Sitio Grande

   1,555    463    412    1,337 

El Golpe-Puerto Ceiba

   1,375    286    365    832 

Tamaulipas-Constituciones

   501    101    339    771 

Integral Poza Rica

   521    173    324    618 

Burgos

   2,032    606    162    480 

Costero Terrestre

   380    120    114    9 

Ek-Balam

   2,687    737    98     

Arenque

   61    40    2    1 

Ayín-Alux

   443    1            —      —      —      1 

Cuenca de Macuspana

   368    117    96    331 

Lankahuasa

   22    11         

Arenque

   16    6    61     

Other Exploratory Projects

   32,410    26,235    22,388    21,154    22,388    20,550    19,779    39,767 

Other Development Projects

   172    2,341        10,745 

Other Development Projects:

   —      11,324    24,827    66,924 

Cahua

   —      66    3,447    874 

Mulach

   —      64    2,952    2,403 

Xikin

   —      6,210    2,857    1,214 

Tlacame

   —      30    2,736    2,181 

Cheek

   —      44    2,182    2,216 

Octli

   —      505    1,763    2,660 

Ixachi

   —      436    1,592    14,020 

Hok

   —      40    1,563    2,673 

Koban

   —      174    1,208    2,130 

Tetl

   —      728    1,206    2,340 

Manik NW

   —      149    932    1,805 

Suuk

   —      637    808    1,327 

Esah

   —      1,675    591    2,999 

Tlamatini

   —      —      260    2,905 

Teekit Profundo

   —      566    245    1,766 

Quesqui

   —      —      229    14,277 

Itta

   —      —      127    3,139 

Uchbal

   —      —      90    1,555 

Cibix

   —      —      38    1,457 

Teca

   —      —      —      2,982 

Administrative and Technical Support

   507    249    5        5    —      —      —   

Drilling and Services(4)

   —      672    1,270    1,363 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   Ps. 137,242    Ps. 85,491    Ps. 71,107    Ps. 98,226    Ps.71,107    Ps.98,763    Ps.107,149    Ps.179,275 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

Notes:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.

(2)

OriginalAn adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.November 30, 2020.

(3)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source:(4)

Petróleos Mexicanos.Figures include our drilling and services line of business beginning July 1, 2019. Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services was merged into Pemex Exploration and Production.

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos.

Ku-Maloob-Zaap Project.Project. TheKu-Maloob-Zaap project was our most important producer of heavy crude oil and plays an important part in the production of the Maya crude oil mix. It is the most important project in Mexico in terms of total proved hydrocarbon reserves and crude oil production. It is composed of the Ayatsil, Bacab, Lum, Ku Maloob, Tekel, Utsil and Zaap fields, and extends over an area of 305.7 square kilometers. As of December 31, 2018,2020, there waswere a total of 278302 wells completed, 192207 of which were producing. The project produced an average of 874.7784.3 thousand barrels per day of crude oil, per day, 48.0%46.5% of our total production, and 693.5871.4 million cubic feet per day of natural gas per day in 2018.2020. As of December 31, 2018,2020, cumulative production was 5.76.3 billion barrels of crude oil and 2.93.5 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,2020, proved hydrocarbon reserves totaled 2.42.3 billion barrels of crude oil and 0.960.642 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Total proved reserves were 2.62.4 billion barrels of oil equivalent, of which 1.71.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent were proved developed reserves.

In nominal peso terms, our exploration and production segment’s capital expenditures for this project were Ps. 25,46817,560 million in 2016,2019 and Ps. 20,45418,541 million in 2017 and Ps. 10,879 million in 2018. For 2019, we anticipate that our capital expenditures will be Ps. 17,162 million and that2020. Our total accumulated capital expenditures for thisthe Ku-Maloob-Zaap project will reachwere approximately U.S. $25.8 billion.$27.6 billion as of December 31, 2020. In 2018,2020, we paid approximately U.S. $38.3$38.5 million to acquire approximately 104.6105.6 billion cubic feet of nitrogen for the pressure maintenance project in the fifth module of the Cantarell nitrogen cryogenic plant. In 2019,For 2021, we expect to spendanticipate that our capital expenditures will be Ps. 24,523 million, including approximately U.S. $39.1$39.4 million to acquire approximately 103.9104.6 billion cubic feet of nitrogen for injection into theKu-Maloob-Zaap fields.

TsiminTsimín-Xux Project. This project consists of the TsiminTsimín and Xux fields, which include volatile oil and gas condensate reservoirs in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The TsiminTsimín field is located 62 kilometers from the Dos Bocas Marine Terminal in Paraíso, Tabasco, while the Xux field is located on the continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico, approximately ten kilometers off the coast of Tabasco. During 2018,2020, no new wells were completed at the Xux or TsiminTsimín fields. During 2018,2020, average daily production at theTsimin-XuxTsimín-Xux project totaled 89.254.1 thousand barrels of crude oil and 458.6346.2 million cubic feet of natural gas. During 2018,2020, the sales prices of the light andextra-light crude oil produced at these fields averaged approximately U.S. $71.58$43.32 per barrel, making this one of our most important projects in terms of revenue generation.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, cumulative production totaled 0.1 billion barrels of crude oil and 0.91.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Proved oil and gas reserves totaled 45.6 million barrels of crude oil and 228.8 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Total proved reserves were 91.952.6 million barrels of oil equivalent, of which 70.5 million barrels of oil equivalentall were proved developed reserves.

In nominal peso terms, our exploration and production segment’s capital expenditures for theTsimin-XuxTsimín-Xux project were Ps. 4,961803 million in 20172019 and Ps. 1,0651,352 million in 2018.2020. Our total accumulated capital expenditures for the Tsimín-Xux project were approximately U.S. $289.6 million as of December 31, 2020. In 2019,2021, we expect capital expenditures for this project to total Ps. 1,112 million and that by the end of 2019 our total accumulated capital expenditures for this project will reach approximately U.S. $185.0557 million.

Chuc Project.Project. The Chuc project is the second largest producer of light crude oil in the Southwestern Marine region, and includes the operation and maintenance of thePol-A facility and water injection complexes. This project covers an area of 213 square kilometers. The fields of this project are located on the continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of the states of Tabasco and Campeche, at a depth of between the20- and100-meter isobaths, approximately 132 kilometers from the Dos Bocas Marine Terminal in Paraíso, Tabasco, and 79 kilometers northeast of Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. The fields in the project include Abkatún, Batab, Caan, Ché, Chuc, Chuhuk, Etkal, Homol, Kanaab, Kuil, Onel, Pol, Taratunich and Tumut. As of December 31, 2018, 1202020, 130 wells had been completed, of which 7375 were producing. During 2018,2020, average production totaled 174.7142.8 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 254.0326.9 million cubic feet per day of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,2020, cumulative production totaled 5.96.0 billion barrels of crude oil and 6.87.0 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,2020, proved hydrocarbon reserves totaled 175.3117.9 million barrels of oil and 363.2492.2 billion cubic feet of natural gas, or 257.9218.2 million barrels of oil equivalent. As of December 31, 2018,2020, total proved developed reserves were 190.2199.7 million barrels of oil equivalent.

In nominal peso terms, our exploration and production segment’s capital expenditures for the Chuc project were Ps. 10,02410,711 million in 2016,2019 and Ps. 8,7615,833 million in 2017 and Ps. 13,178 million in 2018.2020. Our total accumulated capital expenditures for the Chuc project were approximately U.S. $8.0 billion as of December 31, 2020. In 2019,2021, we expect our capital expenditures to be Ps. 12,194 million and anticipate that our total accumulated capital expenditures for this project will reach approximately U.S. $7.2 billion.5,912 million.

Cantarell Project. The Cantarell project is located on the continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico. It consists of the Akal, Chac, Ixtoc, Kambesah, Kutz, Nohoch, Sihil and Takin fields, which extend over an area of 294.4 square kilometers. As of December 31, 2018,2020, there was a total of 564569 wells drilled in the Cantarell project, 131114 of which were producing. During 2018,2020, the Cantarell business unit, of which the Cantarell project, is part, was the fourth most important producer of crude oil in Mexico, averaging 161.297.3 thousand barrels per day of crude oil. This was 8.4%13.9% less than 20172019 production, which was 176.6 thousand barrels per day, as a result of the decline of crude oil reserves remaining in these fields. Natural gas production from the Cantarell business unitproject during 20182020 averaged 1,151.11,148.2 million cubic feet per day. This was 1.6% more7.0% less than the 20172019 average natural gas production, which was 1,133.4 million cubic feet per day.production.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, cumulative production of the Cantarell project was 14.314.4 billion barrels of crude oil and 10.111.0 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,2020, proved oil and gas reserves of the Cantarell project totaled 646.1635.5 million barrels of crude oil and 792.2742.4 billion cubic feet of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,2020, total proved reserves were 789.4768.0 million barrels of oil equivalent, of which 773.0768.0 million barrels were proved developed reserves.

The Akal field, which is the most important field in the Cantarell project, averaged 49.841.0 thousand barrels per day of crude oil production during 2018.2020. This was 9.5%4.3% less than the average production in 2017,2019, which was 55.042.8 thousand barrels per day.

In nominal peso terms, our exploration and production segment’s capital expenditures for the Cantarell project totaled Ps. 8,1792,342 million in 2016,2019 and Ps. 3,1192,637 million in 2017 and Ps. 2,228 million in 2018.2020. Our total accumulated capital expenditures for the Cantarell project were approximately U.S. $41.7 billion as of December 31, 2020. For 2019,2021, we budgeted Ps. 1,4433,050 million for capital expenditures for the Cantarell project. By the end of 2019, we expect our total accumulated capital expenditures to be approximately U.S. $41.5 billion for this project.

On October 10, 1997, we awarded abuild-own-operate contract for a nitrogen cryogenic plant at the Cantarell project to a consortium formed by BOC Holdings, Linde, Marubeni, West Coast Energy and ICA Fluor Daniel. Under this contract, the consortium is responsible for the financing, design, construction and operation of the plant. The plant began operations in 2000 and cost Ps. 10,131 million. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Pemex Exploration and Production has the right to acquire the nitrogen plant in the case of a default by the consortium. Pemex Exploration and Production has the obligation to acquire the nitrogen plant if it defaults under the contract. Under the terms of the contract, Pemex Exploration and Production committed to purchasing 1.2 billion cubic feet per day of nitrogen from the consortium and to continue to supply service through June 2027.

During 2018,2020, we paid U.S. $194.5195.5 million under this contract for an approximate total volume of 410.7414.4 billion cubic feet of nitrogen, which was injected into the Cantarell fields. In 2019,2021, our exploration and production segment expects to pay U.S. $201.8$196.0 million under this contract for an approximate total volume of 417.6411.2 billion cubic feet of nitrogen to be injected into the fields.

Crudo Ligero Marino Project. In 2013, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit approved the designation of theThe Crudo Ligero Marino project as astand-alone project, thereby separating itProject is located on the continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico, across the coasts of the states of Tabasco and Campeche, about 75 kilometers from the Strategic Gas Program of which it formed partDos Bocas Marine Terminal in Paraíso and 89 kilometers northwest from 2001 through 2012. In 2013, theOch-Uech-Kax project was integrated into this project.Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. The main objectives for the Crudo Ligero Marino project during the years 2019 to 2035 are to continue constructing one marine structure, in addition to the marine structure completed during 2014, drill additional wells, implement secondary recovery, as well as intervention, optimization and maintenance techniques to its facilities, particularly in the Sinan, Kab and Kax fields. As of December 31, 2018,2020, a total of 101102 wells had been completed at this project, of which 3730 were producing. During 2018,2020, average daily production totaled 65.547.2 thousand barrels of crude oil and 244.5156.3 million cubic feet of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,2020, cumulative production was 898.1941.0 million barrels of crude oil and 2,577.82,719.4 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Proved oil and gas reserves totaled 47.236.9 million barrels of crude oil and 168.7140.4 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Total proved reserves were 88.666.0 million barrels of oil equivalent, of which 87.066.0 million barrels were proved developed reserves.

In nominal peso terms, our exploration and production segment’s capital expenditures for the Crudo Ligero Marino project totaled Ps. 3,5353,715 million in 2018.2019 and Ps. 1,002 million in 2020. Our total accumulated capital expenditures for the Crudo Ligero Marino project were approximately U.S. $702.6 million as of December 31, 2020. For 2019,2021, we anticipate our capital expenditures to total Ps. 5,305433 million.

Integral Yaxché Project. The Integral Yaxché project is located in shallow waters over the continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coasts of the states of Tabasco and Campeche. The project is at a depth of between the 10- and 50-meter isobaths, approximately 14 km from the Dos Bocas Maritime Terminal in Paraíso, Tabasco and 154 km to the southwest of Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. During 2020, average daily production at the Integral Yaxché project totaled 111.5 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 82.6 million cubic feet per day of natural gas. We expect this project to experience an increase in certificated reserves for 2020 due to the maintenance of proper well pressure and thatimproved production results.

As of December 31, 2020, cumulative production totaled 452.9 billion barrels of crude oil and 306.7 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Proved oil and gas reserves totaled 90.6 million barrels of crude oil and 50.4 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Total proved reserves were 98.7 million barrels of oil equivalent, of which 85.4 million barrels of oil equivalent were proved developed reserves.

In nominal peso terms, our capital expenditures for the Integral Yaxché project were Ps. 5,592 million in 2019 and Ps. 6,239 million in 2020. Our total accumulated capital expenditures for the Integral Yaxché project were approximately U.S. $5.0 billion as of December 31, 2020. For 2021, we expect capital expenditures for this project will reach approximately U.S. $463.1total Ps. 9,146 million.

Ogarrio-Sánchez Magallanes ProjectProject.. TheOgarrio-Sánchez Magallanes project is composed of 2116 crude oil and natural gas producing fields and forms part of the Cinco Presidentes business unit. This project is located between the state borders of Veracruz and Tabasco and covers an area of 10,820 square kilometers. From a geological standpoint, this project pertains to the Isthmus Saline basin, specifically the southeastern basins at the Tertiary level. TheOgarrio-Sánchez Magallanes project is geographically bounded by the Gulf of Mexico to the north, the geological folds of the Sierra Madre of Chiapas to the south, the Tertiary basin of Veracruz to the west and the Comalcalco Tertiary basin to the east. The primary objective of this project is to increase production levels through the drilling of development wells and infill wells, which are drilled between producing wells to more efficiently recover oil and gas reserves, the execution of workovers of wells and the implementation of secondary and enhanced oil recovery processes. In addition, we aim to optimize the infrastructure of this project in order to counteract the decreases in production levels that result from the natural depletion of its reservoirs.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, theOgarrio-Sánchez Magallanes project had 533251 producing wells. Ninewells, 15 new wells were completed during 2018.2020. Average daily production totaled 52.733.3 thousand barrels of crude oil and 97.550.0 million cubic feet of natural gas during 2018.2020. As of December 31, 2018,2020, cumulative production was 1.3 billion barrels of crude oil and 1.9 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Proved hydrocarbon reserves totaled 105.674.6 million barrels of crude oil and 206.2157.1 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Total proved reserves were 139.396.6 million barrels of oil equivalent, of which 112.662.8 million barrels were proved developed reserves.

In nominal peso terms, our capital expenditures for theOgarrio-Sánchez Magallanes project were Ps. 1,227 million in 2018. For 2019, we anticipate that our capital expenditures will total Ps. 1,406 million and that by the end of 2019 total accumulated capital expenditures for this project will reach approximately U.S. $144.8 million.

Delta del Grijalva Project. The Delta del Grijalva project is the most important project in the Southern region in terms of both oil and gas production. The project covers an area of 1,343 square kilometers. As of December 31, 2018, there was a total of 199 wells drilled, of which 60 were producing. During 2018, the project produced an average of 52.6 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 211.5 million cubic feet per day of natural gas.

As of December 31, 2018, cumulative production in the Delta del Grijalva project was 0.8 billion barrels of crude oil and 3.1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Proved oil and gas reserves as of December 31, 2018 totaled 61.5 million barrels of crude oil and 273.9 billion cubic feet of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018, total proved reserves were 125.2 million barrels of oil equivalent, 93.3 million of which were proved developed reserves.

In nominal peso terms, our exploration and production segment’s capital expenditures for the Delta del GrijalvaOgarrio-Sánchez Magallanes project were Ps. 2,8591,092 million in 2016,2019 and Ps. 1,7051,235 million in 2017 and Ps. 879 million in 2018. In 2019, we expect our capital expenditures to be Ps. 1,569 million, bringing our2020. Our total accumulated capital expenditures for the Ogarrio-Sánchez Magallanes project towere approximately U.S. $4.0 billion.$259.0 million as of December 31, 2020. For 2021, we anticipate that our capital expenditures will total Ps. 2,828 million.

Antonio J. BermúBermúdez Project. The Antonio J. Bermúdez project is designed to accelerate reserves recovery, as well as increase the recovery factor, by drilling additional wells and implementing a system of pressure maintenance through nitrogen injection. It consists of the Samaria, Cunduacán, Oxiacaque, Iride and Platanal fields, and covers an area of 163 square kilometers. As of December 31, 2018,2020, a total of 852882 wells had been completed, of which 236179 were producing. During 2018,2020, the project produced an average of 33.930.3 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 169.5111.7 million cubic feet per day of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,2020, cumulative production was 3.0 billion barrels of crude oil and 4.84.9 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,2020, proved hydrocarbon reserves in these fields totaled 113.395.6 million barrels of crude oil and 185.2118.2 billion cubic feet of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,2020, total proved reserves were 157.3122.9 million barrels of oil equivalent, of which 96.078.1 million were proved developed reserves.

In nominal peso terms, our exploration and production segment’s capital expenditures for the Antonio J. Bermúdez project were Ps. 2,5623,166 million in 2016,2019 and Ps. 1,3062,434 million in 2017 and Ps. 1,148 million in 2018.2020. Our total accumulated capital expenditures for the Antonio J. Bermúdez project were approximately U.S. $9.6 billion as of December 31, 2020. For 2019,2021, we anticipate that our capital expenditures for this project will be Ps. 2,130 million and that our total accumulated investments in the project will reach approximately U.S. $9.3 billion.1,309 million.

Burgos Project. The Burgos project is the largest producer ofnon-associated gas in Mexico. The purpose of the Burgos project is to enable us to meet increasing domestic demand for natural gas. The fields in Burgos accounted for 12.6%9.8% of our total natural gas production in 2018.2020. The project is located in northeastern Mexico.

During 2018,2020, the Burgos project produced an average of 603.9 billion466.5 million cubic feet per day of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,In 2020, we did not drill additional wells at the drilling of 7,988Burgos project, bringing our total completed wells had been completed, 2,502drilled to 8,004, 2,113 of which were producing. The most important fields are the Nejo,Arcabuz-Culebra, Cuitláhuac, Cuervito, Velero and Santa Anita fields, which together produced 52.7 %48.5% of the total production of the Burgos project in 2018.2020.

Main Fields of the Burgos Project(1)

(as of December 31, 2018)2020)

 

        Nejo        Arcabuz-
      Culebra      
        Cuitláhuac              Velero              Cuervito        Santa
      Anita      
  Nejo   Arcabuz-
Culebra
   Cuitláhuac   Velero   Cuervito   Santa
Anita
 

Wells completed

  428  970  445  221  138  81   436    974    448    221    138    81 

Producing wells

  191  437  167  142  85  50   30    457    191    132    91    60 

2018 production of natural gas (million cubic feet per day)

  107.5  81.9  50.7  32.7  18.8  26.9

2020 production of natural gas (million cubic feet per day)

   73.1    60.6    48.4    21.7    18.7    3.9 

Cumulative production of natural gas (billion cubic feet)

  577.5  2,103.9  825.9  361.0  213.5  273.7   648.1    2,155.6    859.4    379.3    226.0    287.4 

Proved reserves of natural gas (billion cubic feet)

  156.8  89.3  86.6  59.6  41.2  36.0   216.2    73.0    93.8    29.0    77.8    5.0 

Proved developed reserves

  95.6  88.5  27.2  46.8  41.2  30.9   160.6    69.2    87.5    29.0    21.4    4.0 

Proved undeveloped reserves

  61.2  0.8  59.4  12.8  —    5.1   55.6    3.8    6.2    0.0    56.4    1.0 

 

Source:(1)

This table considers natural gas production and reserves corresponding exclusively to Pemex Exploration and Production.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

During 2018,2020, proved reserves decreased by 12.44.0 million barrels of oil equivalent, from 182.6175.6 million barrels of oil equivalent in 20172019 to 170.2171.6 million barrels of oil equivalent in 2018,2020, primarily due to the natural declinedescrease in production of certain fields in the Burgos project.

In nominal peso terms, our exploration and production segment’s capital expenditures (including capital expenditures made pursuant to Financed Public Works Contracts, or FPWCs) for the Burgos project were Ps. 2,032243 million in 2016,2019 and Ps. 606535 million in 2017 and Ps. 162 million in 2018.2020. Our total accumulated capital expenditures for the Burgos project were approximately U.S. $20.5 billion as of December 31, 2020. For 2019,2021, we anticipate that our capital expenditures for this project will amount to Ps. 480 million and that our total accumulated capital expenditures will reach approximately U.S. $20.5 billion.614 million.

Aceite Terciario del Golfo Project (formerly(ATG Project, formerly Paleocanal de Chicontepec). The ATG project, is located in the Northern region and covers an area of 4,243 square kilometers. This project comprises 29 fields, which are divided among eight sectors. As of December 31, 2018,2020, there was a total of 4,6464,688 wells completed, of which 1,6561,328 were producing. The project produced an average of 28.420.6 thousand barrels per day of crude oil per day in 20182020 as compared to 34.424.3 thousand barrels per day of crude oil per day in 2017,2019, which represents a 17.4%15.4 decrease, and 92.256.6 million cubic feet per day of natural gas in 2020 as compared to 69.4 million cubic feet of natural gas per day in 2018 as compared to 118.5 million cubic feet of natural gas per day in 2017,2019, which represents a 22.2%18.4% decrease. The decrease in crude oil and natural gas production was primarily due to the decline in pressure in certain reservoirs. As of December 31, 2018,2020, cumulative production was 324.8341.2 million barrels of crude oil and 701.9747.9 billion cubic feet of natural gas. As of December 31, 2018,2020, proved reserves totaled 446.6493.5 million barrels of crude oil and 880.8880.9 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Total proved hydrocarbon reserves were 579.1630.8 million barrels of oil equivalent, of which 109.4108.8 million barrels of oil equivalent were proved developed reserves.

During 2018,2020, field development activities at the project included the drilling of 5629 new wells and the completion of 6529 wells, 62all 29 of which were classified as producing, reflecting a 95.4%100% success rate. As of December 31, 2018, 82.0%2020, 90.8% of the total producing wells were operating with artificial systems such as mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic and electric pumping, while the remaining 18.0%9.2% were “flowing wells” that are classified accordingly because they did not require any means of artificial lift.

In nominal peso terms, our exploration and production segment’s capital expenditures for the ATG project were Ps. 1,487758 million in 2016,2019 and Ps. 604681 million in 2017 and Ps. 511 million in 2018.2020. Our total accumulated capital expenditures for the ATG project were approximately U.S. $13.3 billion as of December 31, 2020. For 2019,2021, we anticipate that our capital expenditures for this project will be Ps. 352 million and that total accumulated investments in this project will be approximately U.S. $13.2 billion.921 million.

Crude Oil Sales

During 2018,2020, domestic consumption of crude oil amounted to approximately 606.4601.7 thousand barrels per day, which represented 33.3%35.7% of our total crude oil production. Through PMI’s activities, we sold the remainder of our crude oil production abroad. Maya crude oil accounted for 92.1%81.2% of exported crude oil volume sold by PMI in 2018.2020. See “—Business Overview—International Trading” in this Item 4.

The following table sets forth crude oil distribution for the past five years.

Crude Oil Distribution

 

  At December 31,   2018
        vs. 2017        
 
          2014                   2015                   2016                   2017                   2018         
  At December 31,   
  (in thousands of barrels per day)   (%)   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020 2020 vs.
2019
 
  (in thousands of barrels per day) (%) 

Production

   2,428.8    2,266.8    2,153.5    1,948.3    1,822.5    (6.5   2,153.5    1,948.3    1,822.5    1,683.8    1,686.3   0.1 

Distribution

                       

Refineries

   1,161.1    1,064.0    935.0    769.0    606.4    (21.1   935.0    769.0    606.4    576.8    601.7   4.3 

Export terminals

   1,148.6    1,177.7    1,198.7    1,167.8    1,186.9    1.6    1,198.7    1,167.8    1,186.9    1,102.5    1,124.4   2.0 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Total

   2,309.7    2,241.7    2,133.7    1,936.7    1,793.3    (7.4   2,133.7    1,936.7    1,793.3    1,679.3    1,726.1   2.8 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

 

Statistical differences in stock measurements(1)

   119.1    25.2    19.8    11.6    29.2    274.4    19.8    11.6    29.2    4.5    (39.8  (984.4

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Includes measurement inconsistencies, shrinkage and leakage, naphthas and condensates added to crude oil.

Source:

Pemex Exploration and Production.

Differences between the volume of crude oil measured at the wellhead and the volume distributed reflect customary adjustments due to, among other things, shifting inventories,the conditioning process and decreases due to evaporation shrinkage and product segregation.dehydration. In the past, we identified increases in the difference between theoil production and volumes of crude oil production and distribution. BasedTherefore, based on an analysis conductedcarried out in coordination with the CNH, we implemented variousseveral corrective measuresactions to improve our measurement methodology, balance sheets and management system, including continuouslycontinuous well monitoring, our wells, calibrating ourcalibration of measurement equipmentsystems and installinginstallation of additional crude oil dehydration systems. To this end, sediment tanks have also been installed at marine terminals in order to accelerate water evaporation and crude oil stabilization in accordance with industry standards. In addition,Additionally, crude oil barrels undergo a stabilization process in preparation for export, which involves certification by us, the buyer and a third party to verify that the contents meet international standards, andassuring that barrels do not contain no more than 0.5% water.

Gas Flaring

The flaring of produced gas, which consists of the burning off of surplus combustible vapors from a well, usually occurs as a result of operational adjustments to carry out maintenance atof production facilities, and in some cases is due to limitations in the abilitylimited capacity to handle, process or transport natural gas. In addition, the flaring of produced gas is alsousually used as a safety measure to relieve well pressure. Gashigh gas pressure, as a result of the interruption of processing due to separation, handling and transportation. The flaring of gas is considered to be one of the most significant sources of air emissions from offshore oil and gas installations. In 2018,2020, the flaring of natural gas flaring represented 3.7 %10.8% of total natural gas production, as compared to 4.3%4.8% of total natural gas production in 2017.2019. The decreasedincrease in gas flaring in 20182020 was primarily due to improvementan event which occured at Akal-C6, causing damage to the compression equipment and a decrease in the usetransportation and handling capacity of natural gas. Aditionally, we experienced failures in respect of the separation, handling and transportation of natural gas equipment at our offshore and onshore facilities. Currently, the Akal-C6 high and low compression equipment on offshore platforms.is being rehabilitated. We continue to implement programs to reduceexpect our natural gas flaring and improve gas extraction efficiency, including strategies to optimize the exploitation of wells with high associated gas contentreach optimal levels once operations at the Cantarell project. In addition, in March 2017, we agreed to certain programs with the CNH, including five projects for U.S. $3.0 billion, which may allow us to improve our gas utilization rate to up to 98.0% at ourKu-Maloob-Zaap business unit by 2020. We began to take action steps under this program in 2017 and are continuing to work towards increasing our gas utilization rate.these facilities restart.

Pipelines

The crude oil and natural gas pipeline network owned by our exploration and production segment connects crude oil and natural gas producing centers with refineries and petrochemical plants. At the end of 2018,2020, this pipeline network consisted of approximately 37,50136,272 kilometers of pipelines, of which 2,060 kilometers were located in the Northeast Marine region, 1,1441,403 kilometers were located in the Southeast Marine region, 9,6568,271 kilometers were located in the Southern region, 24,64124,538 kilometers were located in the Northern region. For a description of products transported by the pipeline network, see “—Business Overview—Logistics” in this Item 4.

Integrated Exploration and Production Contracts, and Financed Public Works Contracts (FPWCs) and CSIEEs

Our FPWC program, previously known as the Multiple Services Contracts program, was first announced in December 2001. The objective of the program was to provide a contractual framework that promotes efficient execution of public works in order to increase Mexico’s oil and gas production. The FPWC were public works contracts based on unit prices that aggregate a number of different services into a single contract. Under the FPWC framework, Pemex Exploration and Production retains the rights and title to all oil and gas produced andas well as works performed under each FPWC.

Our Integrated E&P Contracts program was established as part of reforms to the Mexican energy sector enacted in 2008. The objective of these Integrated E&P Contracts was to increase our execution and production capabilities. The oil and gas reserves located in and extracted from the areas to which we have a legal right, continue to be owned exclusively by the Mexican Government. Under this program, payments to the contractors were made on aper-barrel basis, plus recovery costs, provided that the payments did not exceed our cash flow from the particular block.

We may amend our Integrated E&P Contracts and FPWCs in order to align these contracts with the contractual framework established under the Hydrocarbons Law andLaw. As part of this reform, existing Integrated E&P Contracts or FPWCs may be migrated into a contract for exploration and productionextraction upon agreement by the contract parties to the technical guidelines established by the Ministry of EnergySENER (after seeking our favorable opinion) and the financial terms determined by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit. Upon approval by the contract parties, the existing Integrated E&P Contract or FPWC will terminate and be replaced by the new contract for exploration and productionextraction without the need for a bidding process. If the contract parties do not agree to the proposed technical guidelines and contractual and financial terms, the original Integrated E&P Contract or FPWC remainremains in effect.

As of the date of this annual report, we have migrated three Integrated E&P Contracts to contracts for exploration and production:extraction:

 

On December 18, 2017, the Integrated E&P Contract governing the Santuario and El Golpe blocks was migrated;

 

On August 3, 2018, the Integrated E&P Contract governing the Ebano block was migrated; and

 

On November 21, 2018, the Integrated E&P Contract governing the Miquetla Blockblock was migrated.

In addition, we migrated the FPWCs governing the Misión block and the Olmos block on March 2, 2018 and February 22, 2018, respectively, to different contractual frameworks permitted under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law. We have also requested migration of the FPWCs governing the Pánuco, Altamira, Pitepec, Miahuapan and Magallanes blocks, which requests are being evaluated by the Ministry of Energy. For more information on the migration of these Integrated E&P Contracts and FPWCs, see “—Other Exploration and Production Contracts” below.

AmongAs of the FPWC works during 2018, maintenancedate of this annual report, we are pursuing integration of the technical and economic components of our Integrated E&P Contracts and FPWCs in order to execute extraction activities were carried out in the Burgos project under the FPWC program.CSIEEs. The work carried outimplementation of CSIEEs was part of our 2019-2023 Business Plan, see “Item 5—Overview—Business Plan,” which was replaced on March 22, 2021, when our Board of Directors approved the business plan of Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Productive Companies for 2021-2025. The bidding process began in 2018 representedlate 2019 and is expected to continue through to 2022. All of these contracts are relatively low risk for proven and probable reserves, and some also have an investmentexploration component.

Additionally, we are negotiating with third-party contractors the potential migration from our current contracts to contracts conforming to CSIEE-type terms, or otherwise preferable for us and for the third-party contractors. Examples of U.S. $110.2 million. these negotiations include the FPWCs that govern the Nejo, Soledad, San Andres, Arenque and Magallanes blocks, all of which were previously evaluated to be migrated to contracts for exploration and extraction under the Hydrocarbons Law.

The goal of these contract migration strategies is to increase our hydrocarbon production and to meet our reserve replacement objectives at competitive costs. As of the date of this annual report, we have not migrated any existing FPWCs or Integrated E&P Contracts to CSIEEs or similar contracts.

In 2018,2020, natural gas production in the existingcurrent FPWC blocks reached 140.074.4 million cubic feet per day and condensate production reached 3.01.6 thousand barrels per day.day, for a total of 16.4 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day

During 2018,2020, contractors expended U.S $336.6U.S. $105.8 million in connection with Integrated E&P Contracts. In 2018,2020, production in the existing Integrated E&P blocks reached 23.413.4 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 34.442.7 million cubic feet per day of natural gas, for a total of 30.321.9 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day.

Farm-OutsFarm-outs and CSIEEs

Over the last several years, we have pursuedThrough farm-outs, and other partnerships in order to diversify and strengthen our exploration and production portfolio and to focus on the most profitable projects. Throughfarm-outs, we sell a partial interest in fields that have been granted to us and enter into agreements for the joint operation of such fields. This requires third parties to make financial contributions to the partnership and to provide field services, allowing us to recoup some of our previous investments in the fields and to share some of the risk associated with the further development of the fields, while maintaining an interest in the future profits.

TheOn December 11, 2018, the Mexican Government has announced its intention to suspendthe suspension of bidding rounds for newfarm-outsexploration and extraction of hydrocarbons contracts for a three year period in order to evaluate the results and progress of three yearsthe existing contracts. On June 13, 2019, the Mexican Government announced the suspension of bidding rounds for new farm-outs to provide an opportunity to evaluate the performance of existingfarm-outs. The existing farm-outs will continue to operate in accordance with the terms and conditions of their respective contracts. We understand the Mexican Government will use the results of such evaluation to determine whether to pursuefarm-outs in the future.

During 2019, in accordance with our 2019-2023 Business Plan, we evaluated the use of CSIEEs as a replacement for farm-outs to encourage the participation of the private sector in our operations. The CSIEE model seeks to increase production by providing for incentive based remuneration dependent on the production received and sharing the operating risks according to the terms of each contract. Each CSIEE contract has a term between 15 and 25 years. It is expected that CSIEEs will replace farm-outs as a vehicle for private sector participation, although existing farm-out arrangements will be maintained for the duration of their respective terms. However, as of December 31, 2020, we have not signed any CSIEEs.

TriónFarm-OutFarm-out

On July 28, 2016, the CNH published the tender offer and bidding package to select a partner for Pemex Exploration and Production to carry out exploration and production activities in the Trión block, field assignmentswhich is located in the Perdido Fold Belt in the Gulf of Mexico. Since theConsidering that Trión block has a depth greater than 2,500 meters, it requires a high level of technical expertise and financial investment to develop.develop the block.

On December 5, 2016, the CNH announced that BHP Billiton Petróleo Operaciones de México, S. de R.L. de C.V., or BHP Billiton Mexico, an affiliate of BHP BillitonGroup Limited and BHP BillitonGroup Plc, had been selected as the partner for Pemex Exploration and Production in the Trión blockfarm-out. Pursuant to the terms of its bid, BHP Billiton Mexico made a U.S. $789.6 million contribution to the partnership in exchange for a 60% participating interest in the Trión Block. BHP Billiton Mexico will beis the actual operator of the Trión block, and must invest U.S. $1.9 billion in the Triónfarm-out before we are required to invest in the project, which will likely be in at least five years.not occur until 2023. The corresponding exploration and productionextraction contract, joint operating agreement and other relevant agreements were executed on March 3, 2017. This2017, and the CNH approved both the exploration and evaluation plans in February 2018. As of December 31, 2020, this farm-out is currently in the first stage of exploration following approval of the exploration plan by the CNH in February 2018.and evaluation stages.

Ogarrio,Cárdenas-Mora andAyin-BatsilFarm-OutsAyin-Batsil Farm-outs

In addition to the Triónfarm-out, on October 4, 2017, the CNH held a bidding round forfarm-outs of the Ogarrio,Cárdenas-Mora andAyin-Batsil blocks. No bids were received for theAyin-Batsil block, which is located in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico. However,

multiple bids were received for the Ogarrio block, which currently produces approximately 4,900 barrels of crude oil per day and 16 million cubic feet of natural gas per day, and theCárdenas-Mora block, which currently produces approximately 5,500 barrels of crude oil per day and 15.9 million cubic feet of natural gas per day.block. The Ogarrio andCárdenas-Mora blocks, both onshore fields located in the state of Tabasco, were ultimately awarded to the German company Deutsche Erdoel AG (DEA), which later formally changed its name to Wintershall DEA, S. de R.L. de C.V. (WSDM), and the Egyptian company Cheiron Holdings Limited (Cheiron), respectively. DEA’s bid consisted of an initial cash payment of U.S. $190.0 million, a royalty rate of 13% and an additional cash payment of U.S. $213.9 million, which is the highestsign-up bonus submitted in a CNH bidding round as of the date of this annual report. Cheiron’s bid consisted of an initial cash payment of U.S. $ 125.0$125.0 million, a royalty rate of 13% and an additional cash payment of U.S. $41.5 million. The corresponding contracts were signed on March 6, 2018 and have a term of 25 years. We retainretained a 50% interest in both blocks. The Ogarrio and Cárdenas-Mora fields are currently in operation pendingthe development stage following the approval of the development plan by the CNH in March of 2019. In 2020, the respective development plans.Ogarrio field produced approximately 6.4 thousand barrels of crude oil per day and 19.4 million cubic feet per day of natural gas. In 2020, the Cárdenas-Mora block produced approximately 5.9 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 13.8 million cubic feet per day of natural gas.

Other Exploration and ProductionExtraction Contracts

In addition to thefarm-outs described above, we have also pursued other types of partnerships for the exploration and production of fields that were not already granted to us.

On December 5, 2016, we participated in the bidding process referred to as Round 1.4, through which we, as part of a consortium consisting of Pemex Exploration and Production, Chevron Energía de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., or Chevron Energía, a subsidiary of Chevron Corporation, and INPEX Corporation, were awarded an exploration contract for a fieldblock 3 located in the Perdido Fold Belt in the Gulf of Mexico. The fieldblock covers an area of approximately 1,686.9 square kilometers and is located approximately 117 kilometers off the coast of Mexico in water depths ranging between 500 meters and 1,700 meters. Chevron Energía will beis the operator and holds a 33.3334%33.334% interest in the consortium, while Pemex Exploration and Production and INPEX Corporation each hold a 33.3333%33.333% interest. The corresponding exploration and productionextraction contract, joint operating agreement and other relevant agreements were executed on February 28, 2017. This project is currently in the exploration phase following approval of thephase. The exploration plan was approved by the CNH in FebruaryMarch of 2018.

On May 2, 2017, Pemex Exploration and Production entered into a contract for crude oil extraction with the CNH to upgrade the assignments under the shared shallow water production concession structure for the Ek and Balam project area located in Campeche Sound. UnderBasin. Within the framework of the contract, which has a term of 22 years with two possiblefive-year extensions, the Mexican Government will retain 70.5% of the operating profits and will pay Pemex Exploration and Production will retain 29.5% of the remaining 29.5%.operating profits, as long as there is a cost recovery carry forward. Pemex Exploration and Production has provided a guarantee of U.S. $5.0 billion. During 2018,2020, we produced an average of 34.163.9 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 6.815.4 million cubic feet per day of natural gas pursuant to this contract.

On June 19, 2017, we participated in another bidding round conducted by the CNH, referred to as Round 2.1. As a result of this bidding process, we won two blocks. We were awarded Block 2, which covers an area of 549 square kilometers and is located on the continental shelf of theTampico-Misantla basin, to the west of the Gulf of Mexico, in partnership with DEA.WSDM (f/k/a). We are the operating partner in this block and own a 70% interest. Additionally, we were awarded Block 8, which is located in the Southeastern Basins and covers an area of 586 square kilometers, in partnership with Colombia’s Ecopetrol. In Block 8, we are also the operating partner and own a 50% interest. The corresponding contracts for the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons with DEA and Ecopetrol were signed on September 25, 2017. Both blocks are in the exploration phase following approval of the exploration plans by the CNH in November and October of 2018, respectively.

On December 18, 2017, we executed contracts for anin association with Petrofac México, S.A. de C.V., or Petrofac, under which we assigned to Petrofac the rights to certain fields that were part of the ElGolpe-Puerto Ceiba project, including the onshore fields of Santuario and El Golpe and Caracolillo, located in the state of Tabasco. We have a 64% share in this project. During 2018,2020 we had an average production of 7.214.7 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 5.713.4 million cubic feet per day of gas. These fields are currently in the development stage following approval of the explorationdevelopment plan by the CNH in December of 2018.

On March 2, 2018, we completed the first migration of an FPWC. The FPWC governing the Misión block was migrated to a shared production contract with Servicios Múltiples de Burgos, S.A. de C.V. and the CNH. The Misión block is located in the states of Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. We have a 51% interest in the contractual area and the average production under this contract in 20182020 amounted to 59.8117.8 million cubic feet per day of natural gas. The FPWC governing the Misión block allows exploration and extraction activities. The CNH approved the development plan in January 2019 and the exploration plan in April 2019. The Misión block is currently in both the development stage following approval of the development plan by the CNH in January of 2019.exploration and extraction phases.

On March 27, 2018, we successfully participated in the first call of bidding Round 3 of the CNH, and were awarded seven contractual areas in shallow waters, six of them as part of a consortium and one on an individual basis. Pemex Exploration and Production won four blocks in the Southeast Basins: two in consortium with Total S.A., one with Shell Oil Company and one individually, as well as three blocks corresponding to the province ofTampico-Misantla-Veracruz: two in partnership with Compañía Española de Petróleos and one in partnership with DEA.WSDM (f/k/a DEA).

We participated in another bidding round conducted by the CNH, referred to as Round 2.4, obtaining four exploration blocks. On May 7, 2018, we signed four hydrocarbon exploration and extraction contracts covering severaldeep-water blocks in the Gulf of Mexico, the rights to which were auctioned off pursuant to the bidding round referred to as Round 2.4:process:

 

Exploration and production contract for blockBlock 2 with Shell Exploración y Extracción de México, S.A. de C.V., as operator. We have a 50% interest in the contractual area, which spans 2,146 square kilometers and is located in the Plegado Perdido Belt.

 

ExplorationBlock 5. We are the operator of and production contract for blockhave a 100% interest in the contractual area, which spans 2,733 square kilometers and is in the Plegado Perdido Belt.

Block 18. We are the operator of and have a 100% interest in the contractual area, which spans 2,917 square kilometers and is in the Cordilleras Mexicanas region.

Block 22 with Chevron Energía de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., as operator, and Inpex E&P México, S.A. de C.V. We have a 27.5% interest in the contractual area, which spans 2,879 square kilometers and is located in the Cuenca Salina region.

The CNH approved the exploration plans for Blocks 5 and 22 in June and May 2019, respectively. Exploration plans were also approved by CNH for Block 2 in June 2019 and Block 18 in August 2019. These blocks are currently in the exploration phase.

On June 27, 2018, we signed seven exploration and extraction contracts covering shallow water blocks in the Gulf of Mexico, the rights to which were auctioned off pursuant to the bidding round referred to as Round 3.1:

 

ExplorationBlock 16 with WSDM (f/k/a DEA) as operator, and production contract forCepsa E.P. Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. We have a 40% interest in the contractual area, which spans 785 square kilometers and is in the Tampico-Misantla-Veracruz area.

Block 17 with WSDM (f/k/a DEA) as operator, and Cepsa E.P. Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. We have a 40% interest in the contractual area, which spans 842 square kilometers and is in the Tampico-Misantla-Veracruz area.

Block 18 with Cepsa E.P. Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. We operate the block 5.with an 80% interest in the contractual area, which spans 813 square kilometers and is in the Tampico-Misantla-Veracruz area.

Block 29. We are the operator of and have a 100% interest in the contractual area, which spans 2,733471 square kilometers and is located in the Plegado Perdido Belt.Cuencas del Sureste area.

 

Exploration and production contract forBlock 32 with Total E&P México, S. A. de C.V. We operate the block 18. We are the operator of and havewith a 100%50% interest in the contractual area, which spans 2,9171,027 square kilometers and is located in Cordilleras Mexicanas basin.the Cuencas del Sureste area.

Block 33 with Total E&P Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. as operator. We have a 50% interest in the contractual area, which spans 581 square kilometers and is in the Cuencas del Sureste area.

Block 35 with Shell Exploración y Extracción de México, S.A. de C.V. as operator. We have a 50% interest in the contractual area, which spans 798 square kilometers and is in the Cuencas del Sureste area.

The CNH approved the exploration plans for Block 18 in August 2019, for Blocks 16 and 17 in September 2019 and for Blocks 29, 32, 33, 35 in October 2019. These blocks are currently in the exploration phase.

On August 3, 2018, we migrated the Integrated E&P Contract for the EbanoÉbano block to a shared production contract with DS Servicios Petroleros, S.A. de C.V. (DIAVAZ), as operator, and D&S Petroleum, S.A. de C.V. The EbanoÉbano block spans an area of 1,569.1 square kilometers and is located in the states of Veracruz, San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas. As of December 31, 2018,In 2020, average production under this contract was 7.25.0 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 3.81.6 million cubic feet per day of gas. We and DIAVAZ contributed to a corporate guarantee delivered to the Mexican Government in accordance with our respective interests in the partnership. The corporate guarantee totaled U.S. $500 million, 55% of which was contributed by us and 45% of which was contributed by DIAVAZ.

Our shared production contract for the Ébano block allows for exploration and extraction activities. The CNH approved the development plan in May 2019 and the exploration plan in October 2019. This block is currently in both the exploration and extraction phases.

On September 20,18, 2018, we signed apre-utilizationpre-unitization agreement related to certain tracts of the Yaxché fields and the shared production contract for Block 7 with a consortium of Talos Energy Inc., as operator, Sierra Oil and& Gas and Premier Oil.Oil plc. Both areas are located in the offshore regions of Mexico’s Southeast basin. This was the firstpre-utilization agreement signed in Mexico. Such agreements are permissible under recent changes to the legal and regulatory framework under which we operate. Thispre-utilizationpre-unitization agreement is a two yeartwo-year contract that enables information sharing relating to the Zama discovery, which is located inspans Block 7 and potential expansion of the Zama discovery into a neighboring block assigned to us. The

On December 9, 2019, the pre-utilizationTalos-led agreement also contemplates the signing of a unit agreement and unit operating agreement in the event thatconsortium submitted to SENER a shared reservoir is confirmed. As a resultnotice for the Zama field. On March 5, 2020, SENER resolved to continue with the unitization process.

On May 21, 2020, based on the technical opinion of thepre-utilization agreement, we will form CNH, the Ministry of Energy determined that Zama is a working groupshared field. Therefore, in accordance with current legislation, in July 2020, the Ministry of Energy instructed us and the “Block 7 Consortium” (Talos Energy Offshore Mexico 7, S. de R.L. de C.V., Sierra O&G Exploración y Producción, S. de R.L. de C.V. (now a WSDM company) and Premier Oil Exploration and Production Mexico, S.A. de C.V.) to carry out the unification of the Zama field, with the consortium with the objectivesaim of maximizing operational and informational efficiencies, optimizing the collectionexploitation of datathis field for the areabenefit of Mexico. In response to said instruction, we and reducing potential hazards.the Block 7 Consortium continued with our discussions in order to jointly submit a proposed unification agreement to SENER. In September 2020, we and the Block 7 Consortium decided to activate the expert’s procedure outlined in the preliminary unification agreement. On April 22, 2021, we and the Block 7 Consortium received the final expert report that defined the initial tract participation in the zama reservoir for each contract. The working group will be comprised of legal and technical representativesfinal expert report determined that we own 50.43% of the member companies.Zama reservoir whereas the Block 7 Consortium own the other 49.57%.

We and the Block 7 Consortium were unable to reach an agreement with respect to the unification of the Zama field and the unification agreement to be submitted to SENER by March 26, 2021. In accordance with current legislation, SENER will now determine the terms and conditions of the unification agreement within the following year.

On November 21, 2018, we migrated the Integrated E&P Contract for the Miquetla block to a license contract with Operadora de Campos DWF, S.A. de C.V., as operator. The Miquetla block spans 139.7 square kilometers and is located in the states of Puebla and Veracruz. As of December 31, 2018,In 2020, average production under this contract was 135.61.1 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 255.63.8 million cubic feet per day of natural gas. We have a 49% interest in the contractual area and the contract has a term of 30 years. Our license contract for the Miquetla block allows for exploration and extraction activities. The CNH approved the development and exploration plans in November 2019. This block is currently in both the exploration and extraction phases.

Expediting the development of newly discovered fields

In 2020, worked to develop 26 new fields, 22 in shallow water and four onshore. We had previously begun work on 22 of these fields in 2019. We designed a strategy for these developments, considering both the manner of contracting and in the formation of integrated services.

To improve the contracting process, we established the following four strategies:

regulatory, contractual and constructive simplification;

establishment of reference detail type engineering;

homologation of technical bases for design; and

encouragement of the formation of consortiums of companies to develop more efficiently the infrastructure necessary for the production and transportation of hydrocarbons, such as platforms, pipelines and interconnections, among others.

Further, we established two policies for the execution of our new developments:

leverage already installed infrastructure and equipment to interconnect to new facilities and handle new field production; and

adopt an early production philosophy with respect to exploration and infrastructure teams, and work to produce exploratory wells for a double purpose: obtaining cash flow as soon as possible and obtaining data from the well and reservoir.

In 2020, we contracted two infrastructure development packages, which together entailed the development of eight platforms and 11 pipelines. During 2020, the construction of marine infrastructure progressed 76.5% and the construction of marine infrastructure contracted in 2019 was concluded, pending the installation of only one platform. The construction of land infrastructure (land platforms, pipelines, process) progressed 57.7%.

In 2020, we also contracted three integrated drilling packages, besides the five already in progress since 2019, including the drilling of 140 wells in 26 fields. As of December 31, 2020, we had begun production in 13 of these 26 fields. These fields had an average production of 77.8 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and 200.7 million cubic feet per day of natural gas in 2020.

Drilling Activities

In 2020, our drilling and services line of business provided drilling, completion, workover and well services in onshore and offshore fields.

In 2020, we drilled 17 exploratory wells, six of which were productive and 11 of which were dry. In addition, we drilled 166 development wells, 158 of which were productive and eight of which were dry.

Collaboration and Other Agreements

Pemex Exploration and Production, or its predecessorPemex-Exploration and Production, have entered intonon-commercial scientific and technology agreements with the following parties, which, except as noted, remain in effect as of the date of this annual report:

Pan American Oil, Plc (PAO), during 2015;

 

Hokchi Energy, S.A. de C.V., during 2016;

 

Kinder Morgan Texas LLC, during 2016;

ENI México, S. de R.L. de C.V., during 2016;

 

Ministerio de Energía y Minas de Nicaragua, Pan American Oil PLC and the Empresa Nicaragüense del Petróleo (Petronic), during 2017;

 

3M México, S.A. DE C.V., during 2017; and

 

Sun God Energía de México, S.A. de C.V., during 2018.

On March 6, 2019, we signed a memorandum of understanding with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation with a view to pursue strategic opportunities in the energy sector. We believe this collaboration strengthens our relationship with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation and may provide us with further access to financing opportunities.

Through these agreements, we have sought to increase our technical and scientific knowledge in areas including deepwaterdeep-water subsalt exploration and drilling; enhanced oil recovery processes, such as air injection; and reservoir characterization of complex structures. These broad agreements of technological and scientific collaboration are strictlynon-commercial,i.e., there is no transfer of resources and they do not establish a binding relationship among the parties.

Industrial Transformation

Our industrial transformation segment is comprised of twofour principal activities: (i) refining, and (ii) gas and aromatics.aromatics (iii) ethylene and derivatives and (iv) fertilizers, since January 1, 2021:

Refining

Refining Processes and Capacity

Our refining production processes include the following:

 

  

Atmospheric distillation. This process heats crude oil in a tube furnace at atmospheric pressure to distill refined products. The primary products produced are gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, atmospheric gas oil and atmospheric residual crude oil.

 

  

Vacuum distillation. This process heats crude oil or other feedstock in a vacuum distillation column, which is operated at low pressures. The objective of this process is to maximize production of heavy vacuum gas oil, which is produced by boiling crude oil.

 

  

Cracking. This process uses either heat and pressure or a catalytic agent to increase gasoline yields from crude oil.

 

  

Visbreaking. This is a thermal cracking process, which uses ahorizontal-tube heater firedbrought to a high temperature. Visbreaking reduces flasher bottom viscosity and produces some heavy gas oil.

 

  

Reforming processes. These processes use heat and catalysts to transform smaller or unstable hydrocarbon molecules into larger, more useful refining or blending products. For example, we use reforming processes to convert low octane gasoline into higher octane stocks that are suitable for blending into finished gasoline and to convert naphthas into more volatile, higher octane products.

  

Hydrotreatment or residual hydrocracking. This process uses a catalyst and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure to remove sulfur, nitrogen and some aromatic compounds. Hydrotreatment also processes some lighter liquid productoff-take.

 

  

Alkylation and isomerization. This polymerization process unites olefins and isoparaffins. Butylenes and isobutanes are combined with sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid to rearrangestraight-chain hydrocarbon molecules intobranched-chain products. Pentanes and hexanes, which are difficult to reform, are isomerized through the use of aluminum chloride and otherprecious-metal catalysts. Normal butane may be isomerized to provide a portion of the isobutaneisobutene feed needed for the alkylation process. The process produces a high octane, low sensitivity blending agent for gasoline.

 

  

Coking. This process is a severe method of thermal cracking used to upgrade heavy residuals into lighter products or distillates. Coking producesstraight-run gasoline (coker naphtha) and variousmiddle-distillate fractions used as catalytic feedstock, thus generating a concentrated solid material.

These production processes together constitute our production capacity as set forth in the table below.

Refining Capacity by Production Process

 

  At December 31,   At December 31, 
          2014                   2015                   2016                   2017                   2018           2016   2017   2018   2019   2020 
  (in thousands of barrels per day)   (in thousands of barrels per day) 

Production Process

                    

Atmospheric distillation

   1,602.0    1,640.0    1,602.0    1,627.0    1,640.0    1,602.0    1,627.0    1,640.0    1,640.0    1,640.0 

Vacuum distillation

   767.5    772.4    767.5    772.2    772.2    767.5    772.2    772.2    772.2    772.2 

Cracking

   422.5    422.5    422.5    422.5    422.5    422.5    422.5    422.5    422.5    422.5 

Visbreaking

   91.0    91.0    91.0    91.0    91.0    91.0    91.0    91.0    91.0    91.0 

Reforming

   279.3    279.3    279.3    279.3    279.3    279.3    279.3    279.3    279.3    279.3 

Hydrotreatment

   1,067.5    1,099.9    1,230.0    1,230.0    1,230.0    1,230.0    1,230.0    1,230.0    1,230.0    1,230.0 

Alkylation and isomerization

   154.3    154.8    154.3    154.3    154.3    154.3    154.3    154.3    154.3    154.3 

Coking

   155.8    155.8    155.8    155.8    155.8    155.8    155.8    155.8    155.8    155.8 

 

Source:

Base de Datos Institucional (Pemex Institutional Database, or Pemex BDI).

As of December 31, 2018,2020, we owned and operated six refineries: Cadereyta, Madero, Minatitlán, Salamanca, Salina Cruz and Tula. Our refineries consist of atmospheric and vacuum distillation units, where the bulk of crude oil input is processed. Secondary processing facilities include desulfurization units and facilities for catalytic cracking, reforming and hydrotreating.

During 2018,2020, our refineries processed 611.9590.6 thousand barrels per day of crude oil (118.0(102.7 thousand barrels per day at Cadereyta, 19.289.8 thousand barrels per day at Madero, 26.278.5 thousand barrels per day at Minatitlán, 140.596.5 thousand barrels per day at Salamanca, 165.2125.4 thousand barrels per day at Salina Cruz and 142.897.7 thousand barrels per day at Tula), which in total consisted of 395.8300.8 thousand barrels per day of Olmeca and Isthmus crude oil and 216.1289.9 thousand barrels per day of Maya crude oil.

During 2018, we were affected by operational reliability problems in main equipments at our refineries. To addressIn the operational difficulties and improve reliability infirst quarter of 2020, processing of crude oil continued to be limited due to the execution of the National Refining System we intendrehabilitation program, which was implemented at the end of 2019. In the second quarter of 2020, processing of crude oil reached 631.4 thousand barrels per day. This represented an increase of 89.6 thousand barrels per day compared to allocate additional resources for the maintenanceprevious quarter, and was mainly due to the improved operating performance of our six existing refineries, with the goalrefineries. By December 2020, we reached a processing level of 652.7 thousand barrels per day.

The National Refining System rehabilitation program emphasizes addressing critical risks to our facilities, restoring assets reliability, improving efficiency and increasing production. This increasestabilizing our crude oil processing. To this end, in efficiency2020, major and production, in turn, would help meetminor repairs were carried out at various facilities of the national demand for refined productsNational Refining System. The majority of repairs were made to our crude oil distilling units, combines, viscosity reducers, cokers, catalytic reformers, solvent desalphalting units, catalytic reformers, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) units, alkylation units, isomerization units, hydrotreaters and maintain pricessulfur recovery units, as well as facilities at competitive levels. We have prepared evaluations of each plant as to determine the specific maintenance requirementsmain service area and the allocation of budgetary resources among our six existing refineries. In addition, in 2019 we intend to begin development of a new refinery located in Dos Bocas, Tabasco, in order to expand our production capacity.storage tanks. The National Refining System rehabilitation program will continue throughout 2021.

Since 1993, through our subsidiary company,PMI-NASA, we have participated in a limited partnership with Shell Oil Company in a refinery located in Deer Park, Texas, which has the capacity to process 340 thousand barrels per day of crude oil. Under the Deer Park Limited Partnership agreement,PMI-NASA and the Shell Oil Company, as operator, is responsible for determining feedstock requirements. The Shell Oil Company and PMI-NASA each provide 50% of the refinery’s crude oil input and own 50% of the refinery’s output. This agreement is limited to the specific purpose of operating the Deer Park refinery.

Production

We produce a wide range of products derived from crude oil and natural gas, including LPG, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, fuel oil, asphalts, lubricants and other refined products. In 2018,2020, we produced 628.5596.4 thousand barrels per day of refined products (including dry gasby-products of the refining process), a decrease of 4.7% as compared to 786.2625.6 thousand barrels per day in 2017, representing2019. However, by December 2020, we reached a decreaseproduction level of 20.1%. This decrease in refined products production was mainly due to a decrease in crude oil production as a result of operational difficulties related to the reliability of our refineries. Our Tula refinery operated only intermittently from January through September due to a shortage of light crude oil, breakdowns of plant equipment and excessive inventories of fuel oil. Our Madero refinery also experienced lower processing levels and production of petroleum products as a result of decreased operational performance in the atmospheric distillation plant. At the Minatitlán refinery, operations were affected by a fire at the combined Mayan atmospheric distillation plant in October of 2018.

This decrease was partially offset by an increase in crude oil processing at our Salina Cruz refinery of 28.3669.6 thousand barrels per day in 2018, as compared with 2017. This improved performance was mainly a result of the stabilization of our operations as of March 2018, following the emergency shutdowns in 2017 caused by natural disasters, such as the tropical storm “Calvin” and an earthquake.day.

The following table sets forth, by category, our production of petroleum products for the five years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Refining Production

 

  Year ended December 31,               2018             
        vs. 2017        
 
          2014                   2015                   2016                   2017                   2018         
  Year ended December 31,     
  (in thousands of barrels per day)   (%)   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
  (in thousands of barrels per day)     

Refinery Crude Oil Runs

   1,155.1    1,064.5    933.1    767.0    611.9    (20.2   933.1    767.0    611.9    592.0    590.6    (0.2

Refined Products

                        

Liquefied petroleum gas

   26.4    21.4    17.2    15.8    10.1    (36.1   17.2    15.8    10.1    7.2    5.5    (23.6

Gasoline

                        

Pemex Magna

   290.9    272.5    150.6    11.0    8.8    (20.0   150.6    11.0    8.8    13.9    5.0    (64.0

Ultra-Low Sulfur Magna

   99.1    88.4    165.5    238.7    196.4    (17.7   165.5    238.7    196.4    187.1    177.2    (5.3

Pemex Premium(1)

   30.8    16.8    7.7    5.6    1.9    (66.1   7.7    5.6    1.9    1.7    2.7    58.8 

Base

   0.8    3.6    1.6    1.8        (100.0   1.6    1.8    —      0.8    0.6    (25.0
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   325.3    257.0    207.1    203.5    185.5    (8.8

Kerosene (Jet fuel)

   42.8    40.5    34.7    29.0    17.5    (39.7

Diesel

            

Pemex Diesel(2)

   130.1    87.4    67.8    54.8    55.6    1.5 

Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel

   85.1    63.8    48.9    74.1    57.2    (22.8

Others

   1.0    2.4    0.1    1.3    0.8    (38.5
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   421.6    381.4    325.3    257.0    207.1    (19.4   216.2    153.6    116.8    130.3    113.6    (12.8

Kerosene (Jet fuel)

   53.4    47.8    42.8    40.5    34.7    (14.3

Diesel

            

Pemex Diesel(2)

   186.9    191.5    130.1    87.4    67.8    (22.4

Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel

   97.8    83.0    85.1    63.8    48.9    (23.4

Others

   1.9    0.2    1.0    2.4    0.1    (95.8
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Fuel oil(3)

   228.1    217.3    185.1    149.8    176.0    17.5 

Other refined products

            

Asphalts

   16.9    16.5    13.8    10.0    8.9    (11.0

Lubricants

   3.0    1.9    1.9    0.9    0.2    (77.8

Paraffins

   0.6    0.4    0.5    0.2    0.0    (100.0

Still gas

   61.9    47.9    34.8    45.4    41.9    (7.7

Other refined products(4)

   65.3    35.5    23.7    49.3    47.1    (4.5
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   286.6    274.7    216.2    153.6    116.8    (24.0   147.6    102.1    74.7    105.8    98.2    (7.2

Total refined products

   977.2    786.2    628.5    625.6    596.4    (4.7
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Fuel oil(3)

   259.2    237.4    228.1    217.3    185.1    (14.8

Other refined products

            

Asphalts

   23.9    17.7    16.9    16.5    13.8    (16.4

Lubricants

   3.7    2.3    3.0    1.9    1.9     

Paraffins

   0.6    0.5    0.6    0.4    0.5    25.0 

Still gas

   63.9    62.2    61.9    47.9    34.8    (27.3

Other refined products(4)

   66.7    68.9    65.3    35.5    23.7    (33.2
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   158.8    151.6    147.6    102.1    74.7    (26.8
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total Refined Products

   1,206.1    1,114.3    977.2    786.2    628.5    (20.1
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Pemex Premium is anultra-low sulfur gasoline with 0.003% sulfur content.

(2)

Pemex Diesel is sold in the northern border market with 0.003% sulfur content.

(3)

Includes heavy fuel oil and intermediate 15.

(4)

Includes mainly coke, along with other products such as aeroflex, furfural extract, and light cyclic oil and gas oil.

Source:

  Pemex BDI.

Source: Pemex BDI.

Our refining production mostly consists of gasoline, diesel and fuel oil. In 2018,2020, gasoline represented 33.0%31.1%, fuel oil represented 29.5% and, diesel fuel represented 18.6%19.0%, jet fuel represented 2.9% and LPG represented 0.9% of total petroleum products production. Jet fuel represented 5.5% and LPG represented 1.6% of total production of petroleum products in 2018. The remainder, 11.8%,16.5% of our production, consisted of a variety of other refined products.

Variable Refining Margin

During 2018,2020, the National Refining System recorded a variable refining margin of U.S. $0.96$0.76 per barrel, a decrease of U.S. $4.47$0.04 per barrel as compared to U.S. $5.43$0.80 in 2017,2019. This decrease was partially due to deteriorating oil prices during the first half of the year. In December 2020, gasoline prices reached their highest levels in nine months, mainly due to low marginsthe recovery in the last quarter of the year as a result of flattening prices of refined products and crude oil, which were caused by decreased demand for gasoline and an increase in the market supply of crude oil.refined products.

The following table sets forth the variable refining margin for the five years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Variable Refining Margin

 

   Year ended December 31,               2018             
            vs. 2017            
 
               2014                           2015                           2016                           2017                           2018             
   (U.S dollars per barrel)   (%) 

Variable margin

   1.76    3.35    4.48    5.43    0.96    (82.3
   Year ended December 31,     
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
   (U.S. dollars per barrel)     

Variable margin

   4.48    5.43    0.96    0.80    0.76    (5.0

Domestic Sales

We market a full range of refined products, including gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, fuel oil and petrochemicals. We are one of a few major producers of crude oil worldwide that experiences significant domestic demand for our refined products.

For the five years ended December 31, 2018,2020, the value of our domestic sales of refined products and petrochemicals was as follows.

Value of Refining’s Domestic Sales(1)

 

  Year ended December 31,     
  Year ended December 31,       2018    
    vs. 2017    
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
          2014                   2015                   2016                   2017                   2018           (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%) 

Refined Products

   (in millions of pesos)(2)    (%)             

Gasoline

                        

Pemex Magna

   Ps. 347,952.4    Ps. 274,006.9    Ps. 248,595.2    Ps.361,021.7    Ps. 428,838.0    18.8   Ps.248,595.2   Ps.361,021.7   Ps.428,838.0   Ps.374,020.2   Ps.212,256.8    (43.2

Pemex Premium

   80,058.9    81,813.5    87,422.8    82,028.7    83,837.1    2.2    87,422.8    82,028.7    83,837.1    75,538.0    72,658.1    (3.8

Aviation fuels (Others)

   387.5    339.8    342.4    371.1    433.1    16.7    342.4    371.1    433.1    404.7    312.9    (22.7
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   Ps. 428,398.8    Ps. 356,160.2    Ps. 336,360.4    Ps. 443,421.5    Ps. 513,108.2    15.7   Ps.336,360.4   Ps.443,421.5   Ps.513,108.2   Ps.449,962.8   Ps.285,227.7    (36.6

Kerosene (Jet fuel)

   36,449.3    27,077.2    28,945.2    39,024.5    56,793.9    45.5    28,945.2    39,024.5    56,793.9    55,716.4    20,156.5    (63.8

Diesel

                        

Pemex Diesel

   194,545.6    139,796.2    117,556.3    181,854.4    207,499.4    14.1    117,556.3    181,854.4    207,499.4    171,405.9    98,160.8    (42.7

Others

   31,156.7    22,930.4    19,236.4    28,195.1    26,669.3    (5.4   19,236.4    28,195.1    26,669.3    23,659.7    12,455.1    (47.4
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   Ps. 225,702.4    Ps. 162,726.7    Ps. 136,792.7    Ps. 210,049.5    Ps. 234,168.6    11.5   Ps.136,792.7   Ps.210,049.5   Ps.234,168.6   Ps.195,065.6   Ps.110,615.9    (43.3

Fuel oil

                        
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   46,838.3    25,906.0    16,436.3    35,622.9    43,779.1    22.9    16,436.3    35,622.9    43,779.1    28,789.8    9,139.5    (68.3

Other refined products

                        

Asphalts

   10,788.0    7,575.5    5,468.7    5,895.8    7,062.0    19.8    5,468.7    5,895.8    7,062.0    6,058.3    4,569.9    (24.6

Lubricants

   2,618.9    1,297.5    1,473.0    1,061.4    1,277.4    20.4    1,473.0    1,061.4    1,277.4    673.3    186.8    (72.3

Paraffins

   319.2    257.9    267.0    230.9    291.4    26.2    267.0    230.9    291.4    135.8    —      (100.0

Coke

   763.3    669.5    501.9    421.1    200.5    (52.4   501.9    421.1    200.5    666.0    440.4    (33.9

Citroline

   0.4    0.9    4.6    3.6    —      (100.0   4.6    3.6    —      —      —      —   

Gas oil for domestic use

   432.2    587.4    424.2    —      —      —      424.2    —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   Ps. 14,921.9    Ps. 10,388.8    Ps. 8,139.4    Ps. 7,612.8    8,831.2    16.0   Ps.8,139.4   Ps.7,612.8   Ps.8,831.2   Ps.7,533.5   Ps.5,197.2    (31.0
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total Refined Products

   Ps. 752,310.8    Ps 582,258.9    Ps. 526,673.9    Ps. 735,731.2    Ps. 856,681.0    16.4   Ps.526,673.9   Ps.735,731.2   Ps.856,681.0   Ps.737,068.1   Ps.430,336.8    (41.6
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Petrochemicals(3)

   Ps. 7,582.2    Ps. 3,930.9    Ps. 3,118.0    Ps. 3,905.6    Ps. 3,795.6    (2.8  Ps.3,118.0   Ps.3,905.6   Ps.3,795.9   Ps.2,422.4   Ps.1,432.2    (40.9
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes IEPS tax and value added tax. See “—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government” in this Item 4.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos. See “Item 3—Key Information—Selected Financial Data.”

(3)

Petrochemical products produced at refineries operated by our industrial transformation segment (carbon black feedstocks and propylene).

Source:

Pemex BDI.

Source: Pemex BDI.

In 2018,2020, our domestic sales of refined products increaseddecreased by Ps. 120,949.8306,731.3 million, or 16.4%41.6% in value as compared to 20172019 levels (excluding IEPS tax and value added tax). This was primarily due to a 15.7% increase36.6% decrease in the value of our gasolines sales, an increasea decrease of 11.5%43.3% in the value of our diesel sales and a 22.9% increasedecrease of 68.3% in the value of our fuel oil sales, in each case, primarily as a result of higherdecreased average prices.

The volume of our domestic sales of refined products for thefive-year period ended December 31, 20182020 was distributed as follows.

Volume of Refining’s Domestic Sales

 

 Year ended December 31,           2018        
         vs. 2017        
   Year ended December 31,     
         2014                   2015                   2016                   2017                   2018           2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
 

    (in thousands of barrels per day, except where otherwise indicated)     

           (%)           (in thousands of barrels per day, except where
otherwise indicated)
   (%) 

Refined Products

                       

Gasoline

                       

Pemex Magna

 639.1    638.0    637.5    660.5    646.2    (2.2   637.5    660.5    646.2    607.5    435.0    (28.4

Pemex Premium

 137.1    154.8    185.1    136.6    117.5    (14.0   185.1    136.6    117.5    112.7    136.2    20.9 

Aviation fuels (Others)

 0.5    0.5    0.5    0.5    0.5    —      0.5    0.5    0.5    0.5    0.4    (20.0
 

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

 776.7    793.3    823.1    797.5    764.2    (4.2   823.1    797.5    764.2    720.6    571.6    (20.7

Kerosenes (jet fuel)

 66.5    70.8    76.2    81.7    85.6    4.8    76.2    81.7    85.6    83.3    39.4    (52.7

Diesel

                       

Pemex Diesel

 336.4    330.6    335.5    317.6    292.8    (7.8   335.5    317.6    292.8    256.9    192.7    (25.0

Others

 53.0    54.2    51.8    47.9    38.5    (19.6   51.8    47.9    38.5    36.3    24.8    (31.7
 

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

 389.4    384.7    387.2    365.5    331.3    (9.4   387.2    365.5    331.3    293.2    217.5    (25.8
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Fuel oil

                       

Total

 121.7    111.7    102.6    124.7    105.1    (15.7   102.6    124.7    105.1    76.5    55.2    (27.8

Other refined products

                       

Asphalts

 21.7    15.9    15.9    15.4    12.9    (16.2   15.9    15.4    12.9    9.5    8.5    (10.5

Lubricants

 4.0    2.6    3.1    2.0    2.0    —      3.1    2.0    2.0    1.0    0.3    (70.0

Paraffins

 0.6    0.6    0.6    0.4    0.5    25.0    0.6    0.4    0.5    0.2    0.0    (100.0

Coke

 46.0    45.9    36.3    21.3    13.2    (38.0   36.3    21.3    13.2    27.4    26.2    (4.4

Citroline

  —      —      0.01    0.01    —      (100.0   0.01    0.01    —      —      —      —   

Gas oil for domestic use

 0.9    1.2    0.9    —      —      —      0.9    —      —      —      —      —   
 

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

 73.3    66.2    56.9    39.1    28.5    (27.1   56.9    39.1    28.5    38.1    35.0    (8.1
 

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total refined products

  1,427.6    1,426.7    1,446.0    1,408.4    1,314.8    (6.6   1,446.0    1,408.4    1,314.8    1,211.7    918.6    (24.2
 

 

 �� 

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Petrochemicals(1)(2)

  703.8    620.9    543.5    464.5    411.1    (11.5

Petrochemicals(1)

   543.5    464.5    411.1    363.2    302.4    (16.7

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

In thousands of metric tons.

(2)

Petrochemical These are petrochemical products produced atin our refineries operated by our refining business (black feedstocks(raw material for black carbon and propylene).

Source:

Source: Pemex BDI.

The volume of our domestic gasoline sales decreased by 4.2%20.7% in 2018,2020, from 797.5720.6 thousand barrels per day in 20172019 to 764.2571.6 thousand barrels per day in 2018.2020. The volume of our diesel sales decreased by 9.4%25.8%, from 365.5293.2 thousand barrels per day in 20172019 to 331.3217.5 thousand barrels per day in 2018.2020. The decrease in the volume of our domestic gasoline and diesel sales iswas mainly explained bydue to increased competition in the supply of products in the open market. Additionally, the reduction in economic activity caused by measures taken to combat the spread of COVID-19, which peaked in April 2020, contributed to the decrease in sales volume. As of May 2020, there was an increase in domestic sales of these products, due to the gradual recovery of economic activity. The volume of our domestic sales of fuel oil decreased by 15.7%,27.8 %, from 124.776.5 thousand barrels per day in 20172019 to 105.155.2 thousand barrels per day in 2018,2020, primarily due to a decrease in CFE’s demand for fuel oil.

SalesIn 2020, sales of Pemex Premium gasoline decreased 14.0%increased by 20.9% as compared to 2019, from 112.7 thousand barrels per day in 2018, while those2019 to 136.2 thousand barrels per day in 2020. Sales of Pemex Magna in 2020 decreased 2.2%by 28.4% as compared to 2019, from the previous year.607.5 thousand barrels per day in 2019 to 435.0 thousand barrels per day in 2020. This change in consumption patterns isdecrease was mainly due to decreased economic activity as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect of which was greatest during March and April of 2020, and increased price differential betweencompetition from private companies in the two kinds of gasoline.

We have also made concerted efforts to build and enhance our brands. Pursuant to these efforts, on June 5, 2016, Pemex Industrial Transformation announced the establishment of a joint branding program between us and various entities that own and operate retail service stations in Mexico. The joint branding program allowed our franchisees to rename their retail service stations while continuing to sell our products under our brand. In addition, we continued to provide technical and operational assistance to such franchisees. We believe that this program has strengthened our relationship with entities that own and operate retail service stations in Mexico, and we intend to continue our commercial branding strategy.domestic gasoline market.

On November 15, 2017, we relaunched the “Pemex Franchise” image program with a new business model that includes new products and a variety of association structures. The goal of this program, which consists of nearly 10,000 service stations throughout Mexico, is to provide better service to end users and to strengthen the PEMEX brand.

On October 11, 2018, we launched the seventh generation of ourhigh-end performance additive, Pemex Aditec, that blends with our Pemex Magna and Pemex Premium gasolines. This additive will be promoted as Pemex Aditec. We believe Pemex Aditec could beis a competitive advantagemultifunctional additive and is formulated to help obtain optimum performance, cleanliness and protection of the engine.

During the last quarter of 2019, we began the development of the eighth generation of the performance additive for ourPemex gasolines in conjunction with the Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (Mexican Petroleum Institute or IMP). The development of this additive includes innovations such as a molecular tracer, new high-spectrum detergent molecules and corrosion and oxidation inhibition.

To reinforce the value of the Pemex brand and the Pemex Franchise, program.during the second half of 2020, we launched two new formats of service stations: nano stations and low consumption stations. Nano stations have innovative and differentiated designs, capable of adapting to reduced land surfaces in urban areas with high traffic concentration. Low consumption stations leverage low-cost technologies and quick installation to meet the demands of rural populations.

As part of our commercial strategy, we operate wholesale and retail service stations, some of which are PEMEX-branded and others of which are unbranded. The unbranded stations buy products through marketing contracts and, when appropriate, have access to discounts and credit. In the case of our PEMEX-branded stations, both Pemex marketers and associate distributors can sell products with the Pemex Franchise program, we operate three association structures: (i) PEMEX Franchise, (ii)brand. Retailers to the public may only buy products through marketing contracts, just as they may only sell Pemex brand products through a franchise agreement or a brand sublicensing of branded products, and (iii) the sale of generic, unbranded products. We also have two options for wholesale distribution: (i) independent retailers of unbranded products, and (ii) associate distributors ofPEMEX-branded gasoline and diesel. In order to strengthen the PEMEX brand, we have introduced an optional redesign for service stations.agreement. As of December 31, 2018, 522020, 1,765 redesigned service stations were operating and 91 additional services stations have been redesigned and more than 112 are in the process of being redesigned.requested redesigns.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, there were 9,9307,468 Pemex retail service stations associated with Pemex in Mexico, of which 9,8847,423 were privately owned and operated as franchises, while the remaining 4645 were owned by Pemex Industrial Transformation. This total number of retail service stations represents a decrease of 14.3%13.1% from the 11,5868,593 service stations as of December 31, 2017.2019. This decrease was caused bymainly due to increased competition in the open market. As of December 31, 2018, Pemex Industrial Transformation2020, we had 2,333 marketing contracts, a decrease of 4,099 marketing contracts as compared to 6,432 marketing contracts as of December 31, 2019. The decrease in the number of marketing contracts was partymainly due to 934medium-long-termthe higher concentration of customer volume in each contract as a result of new commercial contract models. These 2,333 contracts with our franchisees, representing approximately 5,560include 143 of the Pemex Franchise service stations. Thesemedium-long-term contracts include the 20 most importantlargest volume trading and distribution customers in volume nationwide. In addition, Pemex Industrial Transformation supplies oil products to 2,0063,995 service stations outside the Pemex Franchise program. Of these service stations, 386883 operate under a sublicense of PEMEX brands and 1,6203,112 usethird-party brands.

In order to gain market presence, competitors often transfer well-established Pemex gas stations to third-party brands. As a result, we are working to counteract this by opening new gas stations under our franchise model and strengthening the Pemex brand among our existing gas stations.

Despite the aggressive competitive environment and our relatively limited marketing investment, we maintained approximately 64% of market share with our franchised and sub-licensed Pemex gas stations by the end of December 2020.

Pricing Decrees

As of December 31, 2017, fuel prices in Mexico are fully liberalized. However, the CRE reserves the right to intervene. Therefore, our sales prices continue to be subject to potential future regulations by the CRE, until theComisióComisión Federal de Competencia EconóEconómica (Federal Economic Competition Commission) determines that there is effective competition in the wholesale market.

Through agreements A/030/2018 and A/022/2019, the CRE abrogated the asymmetric regulation of Pemex Industrial Transformation with respect to the commercialization of natural gas.

Both the first-hand sale price and the full market price are determined by the full marketing price.

LPG retail prices are determined by the free market. As of January 1, 2017, we sell LPG according to the methodology approved by the CRE for first-hand sales at the point of delivery.

Gasoline and Diesel

As of December 31,November 30, 2017, sale prices of gasoline and diesel have been fully liberalized and are determined by the free market. For more information, see “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—IEPS Tax, Hydrocarbon Duties and Other Taxes.”

On January 1, 2018,2020, in accordance with reports issued by the CRE, average national magnaregular retail gasoline prices increaseddecreased by Ps. 0.541.53 per liter, as compared to December 31, 2017.2019. Similarly, average national retail diesel prices increaseddecreased by Ps. 0.542.06 per liter on January 1, 2018,2020, as compared to December 31, 2017.2019.

Discount

Since the early 1980s, the Mexican Government has also established a discount of 30% on the price at which we sell gas oil intended for domestic use to the state of Chihuahua during the months of January, February and December of each year. On January 1, 2014, pursuant to the IEPS Tax on Fossil Fuels, such gas oil became subject to aone-time price increase of 10.857 Mexican cents per liter. Gas oil became subject to aone-time price increase of 11.307 Mexican cents per liter in 2015, 11.558 Mexican cents per liter as of January 1, 2016, 11.94 Mexican cents per liter as of January 1, 2017, 12.73 Mexican cents per liter as of January 1, 2018 and 13.33 Mexican cents per liter as of January 1, 2019. Notably, the discount on the price of gas oil in the state of Chihuahua was suspended in December 2016. As of the date of this annual report, this discount remains suspended.

Fuel Oil

Since December 2008, the price at which we sell fuel oil to CFE has been linked to international market prices in accordance with a pricing methodology established by the Mexican Government. This methodology is based on the price of fuel oil in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico coastal region, and is then adjusted for quality as well as expenses related to distribution.

As of January 1, 2017, the IEPS Tax on Fossil Fuels was 14.78 Mexican cents per liter, as of January 1, 2018, the IEPS Tax on Fossil Fuels was 15.76 Mexican cents per liter, and as of January 1, 2019, the IEPS Tax on Fossil Fuels was 16.50 Mexican cents per liter.

As ofOn November 3, 2017, the CRE authorized new formulas to determine the price forof fuel oil. As of December 31, 2017,Currently, there arefirst-hand sale prices for sales at refineries and market prices for sales at storage and distribution terminals. These prices are calculated weekly and apply to all customers, including the CFE.

The Mexican Government could modify these price controls or impose additional price controls in the future. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—The Mexican Government has historically imposed price controls in the domestic market on our products.”

We withhold IEPS Tax.tax. While it is included in the price to our customers, we pay this tax to the authorities upon collection of the sale of our products and it is not included in our revenues. For more information, see “Item 4—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime for PEMEX.”

As of January 1, 2019, the IEPSa los Combustibles Fósiles (IEPS Tax on Fossil Fuels) was 16.50 Mexican cents per liter, as of January 1, 2020, the IEPS Tax on Fossil Fuels was 16.99 Mexican cents per liter and as of January 1, 2021, the IEPS Tax on Fossil Fuels was is 17.56 Mexican cents per liter.

Natural Gas

As of July 1, 2017, the CRE permits third-party participants to enter the gasoline and diesel market and has authorized the permanent regime of first-hand sales of natural gas. This permanent regime allows us to sell natural gas under two separate pricing mechanisms: (1) the first hand sale price, wherein we may sell natural gas directly to customers without additional transportation or services and (2) the full marketing price, wherein we may charge a higher price that includes transportation and services costs associated with the commercialization of natural gas.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Since 2003, price control mechanisms for LPG have been implemented through governmental decrees. Since January 1, 2017, we have sold LPG in accordance with the methodology authorized by CRE for determining the first-hand sales price at the point of delivery, and all end user prices are freely determined by the market.

Since December 16, 2019, we have determined market list prices according to the pricing mechanisms approved by the Comité de Precios y Aspectos Económicos de la Política Comercial de Petróleos Mexicanos y Empresas Productivas Subsidiarias (Committee on Prices and Economic Aspects of the Commercial Policy of Petróleos Mexicanos and its Productive Subsidiary Entities). This change is in compliance with Resolution 1008/2019 of the CRE, which considers our participation in first-hand sales and the marketing of LPG within a free market. Additionally, on December 16, 2019, the CRE issued Resolution 1755/2019, in which it approved the commercialization contract agreement model.

As of January 1, 2019 the IEPS Tax on Fossil Fuels was 15 Mexican cents per kilogram. As of January 1, 2020, this tax was 15 Mexican cents per kilogram, and, as of January 1, 2021, this tax was 16 Mexican cents per kilogram. We withhold IEPS tax. For more information, see “Item 4—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime for PEMEX.”

The Mexican Government could modify these price controls or impose additional price controls in the future. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—The Mexican Government has historically imposed price controls in the domestic market on our products.”

Refining’s Capital Expenditures and Budget

Investments

Over the past several years, we have focused our investment program on enhancing the quality of the gasoline and diesel we produce to meet Mexico’s environmental standards. In 2019, we are shiftingshifted our focus to the maintenance of our existing refineries and the expansion of the National Refining System in order to increase our refinery system. Ourhydrocarbon production. We continue to aim continues to be tostabilize and improve our ability to process heavy crude oil in order to optimize the crude oil blend in our refineriesrefinery production and to increase our production of unleaded gasoline and dieselother hydrocarbons in order to supply the growing demand at a lower cost.national demand.

Our refining business invested Ps. 14,11910,878 million in capital expenditures in 20182020 and has budgeted Ps. 57,5007,000 million in capital expenditures for 2019.2021.

This increase inA focus of our refining capital expenditures budgetprogram is principally related to the Ps. 50,000 million we intend to allocate to the constructionrehabilitation of the new Dos Bocas refinery in 2019. We expect this new refinery will allow us to increase our production capacity, and we are currently in the process of conducting and evaluating the studies required to carry out this project. Construction of the Dos Bocas refinery is expected to commence towards the end of 2019. In addition, this project was announced by the Mexican Government together with our refineries rehabilitation program on December 9, 2018.National Refining System. Pursuant to thisthe rehabilitation program, we have evaluated each of our six existing refineries and have identified the specific maintenance requirements for each plant. For 2019, Ps. 7,500 million in capital expenditures is budgetedunit. Our rehabilitation program focuses on addressing critical risks to carry out this rehabilitation plan.the facilities such as mechanical integrity and safety and improving the efficiency and the stabilization of our crude oil processing.

The following table sets forth our refining business’ capital expenditures, excludingnon-capitalizable maintenance, for each of the three years ended December 31, 2018,2020, and the budget for 2019.2021. Capital expenditure amounts are derived from our budgetary records, which are prepared on a cash basis. Accordingly, these capital expenditure amounts do not correspond to the capital expenditure amounts included in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Refining’s Capital Expenditures

 

   Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget 
   2016   2017   2018   2019(2) 
   (in millions of pesos)(3) 

Refining

        

Fuel Quality Investments(4)

   Ps. 10,702    Ps. 5,196    Ps. 2,636    Ps. — 

Tuxpan Pipeline and Storage and Distribution Terminals

   15    67    342     

Residual Use at the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery in
Tula (formerly Reconfiguration of Miguel Hidalgo Refinery in Tula)

   8,610    1,912    306     

Residual Conversion from Salamanca Refinery

   749    773    101     

Project Refinery in Tula(5)

   1,849        18     

Minatitlán Refinery Energy Train

   1,100             

Cadereyta Refinery Energy Train

   872             

Rehabilitation of National Refining System

               7,500 

Dos Bocas Refinery Project

               50,000 

Others

   6,604    8,039    10,716     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps. 30,501    Ps. 15,988    Ps. 14,119    Ps. 57,500 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget 
   2018   2019(2)   2020   2021(3) 
   (in millions of pesos)(4) 

Refining

        

National Refining System Rehabilitation Program

  Ps.—     Ps.1,196   Ps.10,638   Ps.7,000 

Fuel Quality Investments(5)

   2,639    1,374    66    —   

Residual Use at the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery in Tula (Formerly Reconfiguration of Miguel Hidalgo Refinery in Tula)

   306    948    48    —   

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Minatitlán Refinery 2013-2017

   1,884    519    42    —   

Installation of a 250 T/hr. Steam Boiler in the Minatitlan Refinery

   —      115    34    —   

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Salina Cruz Refinery 2013-2017

   2,429    296    25    —   

Cadereyta Refinery Energy Train

   —      15    14    —   

Residual Conversion of the Salamanca Refinery

   101    17    7    —   

Supervision and Administration Work for the use of Waste in the Salina Cruz Refinery

   16    8    3    —   

Rehabilitation of Electrical Substations Miguel Hidalgo Refinery

   1,281    843    1    —   

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Madero Refinery 2014-2017

   1,933    1,717    —      —   

Maintaining the Production Capacity of the Cadereyta Refinery 2013-2015

   1,139    1,140    —      —   

Adequacy of the Burner System and Installation of an Elevated Burner at the Francisco I. Madero Refinery

   163    62    —      —   

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Salamanca Refinery 2014-2018

   406    33    —      —   

Integral Maintenance Program and Process Compressor Technology Update at the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery

   1    25    —      —   

Acquisition of Capitalizable Catalysts for the Hydrotreatment Process in the Tula Refinery

   112    12    —      —   

Tuxpan Pipeline and Storage and Distribution Terminals

   342    3    —      —   

Project Refinery in Tula (6)

   18    —      —      —   

Others

   1,351    87    —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps. 14,119   Ps.8,409   Ps.10,878   Ps.7,000 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Notes:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.

(2)

Original2019 figures reflect the decrease caused by budget adjustment authorized by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos in accordance with resolution CA-050/2019 in special meeting 942. This budget adjustment reclassified the capital expenditures of the new Dos Bocas refinery from investment in property, plant and equipment to financial investment.

(3)

An adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.November 30, 2020.

(3)(4)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

(4)(5)

Includes clean fuels investments for gasoline and diesel in our six refineries.

(5)(6)

Includespre-investments studies,on-site preparation and other expenses related to this project. This project concluded in 2018.

Source:

Petróleos Mexicanos.

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos.

In 2018,2020, we imported approximately 599.9387.9 thousand barrels per day of gasoline, which represented approximately 78.5%56.4% of total domestic demand for gasoline in thatfor the year. OurIn 2021, our priority in 2019 is to increase ourthe production of our oil products by focusing on the maintenance of our existing refineries and the development of the new Dos Bocas refinery in order to increase our production capacity.

refinery.

Additionally,In addition, we intend to seek private sector financing for some of ourare exploring alternative investment projects, such asincluding the fuel quality project, the reconfiguration of the Miguel Hidalgo Refineryrefinery in Tula and the residual conversion ofat the Salamanca Refinery.

Ourrefinery. We are considering funding alternatives for these projects because they are described in further detail below.currently suspended due to budgetary restrictions.

Fuel Quality Project, Gasolines Phase (ULSG)

This project consistedconsists of the installation of ULSGpost-treatment units in ourthe six refineries, in order to improve the quality of our gasoline.gasoline produced. As of the date of this annual report,December 31, 2020, all gasoline produced in Mexico meetsmet international environmental standards and westandards. Operations at the units have been paused, pending the completion of various complementary works, which are winding down this project.currently suspended due to budgetary restrictions.

Fuel Quality Project, Diesel Phase (ULSD)

This project consists of the construction of five ULSD plants with services facilities, including: five hydrogen plants, four sulfur recovery units, five sour water treatment plants and the reconfiguration of 17 existing units to produce ULSD. However, asAs of December 31, 2020, the date of this annual report, this project has been suspended and our capital expenditures budget is focused on other areas of priority.remained suspended. We intend to continue to evaluate alternative sources of funding foralternatives in order to complete this project.project, which would aid our compliance with environmental regulations. The CRE approved extending the deadline to comply with Mexican Official Standard NOM-016-2016 to December 2024. Mexican Official Standard NOM-016-2016 governs sulfur content in commercial diesel.

Residual Use at the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery in Tula (formerly(Formerly Reconfiguration of the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery in Tula)

The Miguel Hidalgo refinery in Tula has been undergoing renovations since 2014. This project consists of the construction of nine plants. The main project we have yet to complete isunits, with the new coking plant which has been under construction for several years.as the priority. The new coking plantproject is intended to modernize the refinery and to increase the production of various types of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, which we estimate would allow usexpected to increase production of refined oil products from 315 thousand barrels per day to 340 thousand barrels per day.day, as well as to improve the production of gasoline and distillates. As of December 31, 2018,2020, construction of the coking plant which was 62% complete, has been63% complete. Construction is currently suspended due to budgetary constraints. We are currently evaluatingconsidering funding alternatives including through the use of private sector financing, in order to complete construction.the project.

Residual Conversion of the Salamanca Refinery

The reconfiguration of the “IngenieroIng. Antonio M. Amor”Amor refinery in Salamanca, Guanajuato, hasis focused on the conversion oflow-value residuals intohigh-steamhigh-valuehigh-value distillates (without a need for increased crude oil processing), as well asdistillates. Likewise, it includes the modernization of the lubricants train to produce lubricants of greater value and quality. As of December 31, 2018, however, this2020, the project was approximately 12.8 % complete completed and has been13% complete. The project is currently suspended due to budgetary constraints. We are currently evaluatingconsidering funding alternatives in order to resume thisthe reconfiguration.

Tuxpan Maritime Terminal

The Tuxpan Maritime TerminalThis project is intended to help meet the increasingincrease in demand for refined products in the metropolitan area of the Mexico Valley. The total cost of the project is Ps. 5,637.9 million, which includes the construction of a pipeline measuring18-inches in diameter and 109 kilometers in lengthlong, from Cima de Togo to Venta de Carpio,Carpio. It also includes five storage tanks located at the Tuxpan Maritime Terminal with a capacity of 100,000 barrels each, a research study to determine the best option for the discharge of refined products from tankers and pipelines into these storage tanks and auxiliary services and integration services.integration.

As of April 2018, two of the three key phases of this project were complete:completed, thepre-investment studies and construction of theTuxpan-Mexico pipeline. The pipeline, which is currently operating. The third phase, the storage system, is 96.8% complete, down from 98.4% in 2017 due to adjustments in the cost and scope of the project.97.2% complete. We have arranged an extension with the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit to allow for additional time inpostpone the date by which this final phase may be completed. Four of theThe five storage tanks have been delivered to the Tuxpan Maritime Terminalstorage and port services terminal and are in operation. The fifthAdditionally, the booster pumps, firefighting system (including a 55,000-barrel water storage tank and remaining tank is 99.9% complete. The Tuxpan Maritime Terminal project is expected to be fully completed by the end of 2019, contingent on budget availability.

Maintenance atelectrical substation 3), the Francisco I. Madero Refinery

On August 23, 2017, we commenced a scheduled gradual shutdown of our Francisco I. Madero refinery, located in Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas, in order to implement a comprehensive general maintenance programheating, ventilation, and air conditioning system for the plants at this refinery. Operations atvariator room and the plantsmeasuring skids have been delivered. The integrations, anilines, telecommunication equipment, perimeter wall and control room adjustments were restarted in February 2018, but we experiencedstart-up and stabilization difficulties which caused our Madero refinery to be out of operation during the second half of 2018. In January 2019, we were able to restart our Mayan plant andU-901 reformer after performing maintenance at these plants, and we expect to allocate additional resources to the maintenance of our other plants at this refinery in 2019 through the plan for rehabilitation of the National Refining System. We expect that this program will lead to improved safety and reliability of our operating processes and, in turn, improved performance of this refinery.

Hydrogen Supply for Refineries

In order to permit us to specialize, maximize value, and focus on the processing of crude oil, in the past we have partnered with third parties for projects related to auxiliary services, such as the supply of hydrogen to our refineries.

On September 1, 2017, we entered intolong-term agreements with Air Liquide for the supply of hydrogen to the Miguel Hidalgo refinery in Tula. Air Liquide will operate the existing hydrogen plant at the Miguel Hidalgo refinery. In February 2018, we executed the plant’s performance and stabilization tests, which was an important milestone under the contract with Air Liquide. In addition, in April 2018 we entered into a long-term agreement with Linde AG for the supply of hydrogen to our Madero refinery. In July 2018, we signed several agreements related to the supply of hydrogen to our Cadereyta refinery. However, some of the conditions precedent required by these agreements were not met, and these agreements were subsequently terminated. In 2018, we continued to experience shortages in the supply of hydrogen to our refineries, which has contributed to our operational difficulties. We intend to address the operational difficulties in our refineries through our plan for the rehabilitation of the National Refining System.partially delivered.

Rehabilitation of the National Refining System

As part of our efforts to stabilize the operations of our refineries, we are adoptinginitiated a plan for the rehabilitation ofprogram to rehabilitate the National Refining System. PursuantThis program aims to this plan, we will allocate additional resources forcontribute to the stabilization of our operations and to repair and maintenance ofmaintain our six existing refineries. The goalrehabilitation program seeks to achieve its objective by addressing critical risks to the facilities, restoring the reliability of this plan is to repairthe assets and maintain our refinery infrastructure so as to improveimproving the efficiency and stabilize ourstabilization of the crude oil processing. Our budget for this rehabilitationprocess. These activities began in September 2019 and accelerated in the last quarter of 2020. We have completed 39 major repairs and 110 minor repairs to our process plants since the launch of the National Refining System rehabilitation program through January 15, 2021. We made six major repairs and 47 minor repairs to main services, such as the facilities that provide water, steam, air or energy used in the operation of the refinery process units. We made 16 major repairs and 30 minor repairs to storage tanks.

The budget for 2019the National Refining System rehabilitation program for 2021 is Ps. 7,5007,000 million. We are currently evaluating the optimal allocation of resources based on evaluations of our existing refineries,intend to use this budget to complete repairs that started in 2020 and as of the date of this annual report, we have not allocated definitive amountsbegin repairs to specific projects.process plants, main services and storage tanks, subject to budget allocation.

New Dos Bocas Refinery

In 2019, we announced our plans forOn December 7, 2018, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, in accordance with resolution CA-161/2018, authorized the construction of a new refinery in Dos Bocas in the stateParaiso, Tabasco, as part of Tabasco. Our 2019 budget includes Ps. 50,000 million for the construction of the Dos Bocas refinery, of which Ps. 1,800 million has been allocated to conductpre-investment studies. The Dos Bocas refinery is intended to increase our production of gasoline and diesel by processing additional volumes of heavy crude oil. As of the date of this annual report, we are preparing the business case for construction of the Dos Bocas refinery, which will be presented toinstitutional strategy plan.

On July 2, 2020, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, once complete.in accordance with resolution CA-053/2020, authorized the revised business strategy, including FEL II (Front-End Loading II) phase of this project. The FEL methodology is applied to investment project management by using the following three stages: FEL I (visualization), FEL II (conceptualization) and FEL III (definition). As of July 2, 2020, the Class IV (+30% to -25%) cost estimate for the project is U.S. $8,918.5 million. Class IV estimates correspond to the FEL method and include all projected costs excluding external works, cost escalation, contingency costs and administrative expenses, versus Class V (+50% to -35%) cost estimates.

Pemex Industrial Transformation is developing the deliverables for the definition phase of the project (FEL III), in order to obtain the necessary corporate approvals from the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and other relevant bodies. During August and September 2020, twelve deliverables were submitted, two of which have been approved.

The project has progressed with respect to site preparation, soil improvement, detailed engineering (Phase I) and long lead procurement. Studies and basic engineering services for the 17 process plants have been completed. The fabrication of vertical and spherical tanks has begun in order to satisfy the storage needs of the project.

Gas and Aromatics

Natural Gas and Condensates

All wet natural gas production is directed to our gas processing facilities. At the endAs of 2018,December 31, 2020, we owned nine facilities.

The following facilities are located in the Southern region:

 

  

Nuevo Pemex.Pemex. This facility contains 13 plantsunits that together in 20182020 produced 643.0742.6 million cubic feet per day of dry gas, 28.330.7 thousand barrels per day of ethane, 32.638.0 thousand barrels per day of liquefied gas, 13.515.7 thousand barrels per day of naphtha and 51.49.8 thousand tons of sulfur.

 

  

Cactus.Cactus. This facility contains 22 plantsunits that together in 20182020 produced 522.0308.5 million cubic feet per day of dry gas, 24.119.8 thousand barrels per day of ethane, 29.921.5 thousand barrels per day of liquefied gas, 10.59.4 thousand barrels per day of naphtha and 139.015.9 thousand tons of sulfur.

  

Ciudad Pemex.Pemex. This facility contains eight plantsunits that together in 20182020 produced 600.4633.8 million cubic feet per day of dry gas and 183.9180.3 thousand tons of sulfur.

 

  

La Venta.Venta. This facility contains one plantunit that in 20182020 produced 138.868.6 million cubic feet per day of dry gas per day.gas.

  

Matapionche.Matapionche. This facility contains five plantsunits that together in 20182020 produced 12.59.8 million cubic feet per day of dry gas, 0.60.4 thousand barrels per day of liquefied gas, 0.2 thousand barrels per day of naphtha and 2.92.2 thousand tons of sulfur.

 

The Morelos, Cangrejera and Pajaritos facilities form the Coatzacoalcos area gas processing complex (which we refer to as a GPC):

 

 o

Morelos.Morelos. This facility contains one plantunit that in 20182020 produced 16.49.7 thousand barrels per day of ethane, 18.311.6 thousand barrels per day of liquefied gas and 4.93.1 thousand barrels per day of naphtha.

 

 o

Cangrejera.Cangrejera. This facility contains two plantsunits that together in 20182020 produced 16.010.6 thousand barrels per day of ethane, 18.314.2 thousand barrels per day of liquefied gas and 5.03.9 thousand barrels per day of naphtha.

 

 o

Pajaritos.Pajaritos. This facility contains one plant,unit, which wasnon-operational in 2018 due to a lack of auxiliary services, and it remainsnon-operational as of the date of this annual report.

The following facilities are located in the Northern region:

 

  

Burgos.Burgos. This facility contains nine plantsunits that together in 20182020 produced 377.7376.1 million cubic feet per day of dry gas, 8.28.1 thousand barrels per day of liquefied gas and 8.37.6 thousand barrels per day of naphtha.

 

  

Poza Rica.Rica. This facility contains five plantsunits that together in 20182020 produced 104.973.3 million cubic feet per day of dry gas, 2.31.2 thousand barrels per day of liquefied gas 0.9and 0.5 thousand barrels per day of naphtha and 2.2 thousand tons of sulfur.naphtha.

 

  

Arenque.Arenque. This facility contains three plantsunits that together in 20182020 produced 18.924.0 million cubic feet per day of dry gas and 1.40.1 thousand tons of sulfur.sulphur.

Petrochemical Complexes

In addition to our gas processing facilities, we also own the following two petrochemical complexes:

 

  

Independencia. The Independencia petrochemical complex consists of three plantstwo units and is located in the Central region. In 2018,2020, this complex produced 148.4138.1 thousand tons of methanol in its first unit and 3.028.9 thousand tons of petrochemical specialties.specialties in its second unit.

 

  

Cangrejera. The Cangrejera petrochemical complex consists of five plantsunits and an aromatics line and is located in the Southern region. In 2018,2020, this complex produced 569.5336.4 thousand tons of aromatics and derivatives and 265.7205.0 thousand tons of other petrochemical products(butanes, (butanes, hexane, hydrogen, pentanes, BTX liquids, petroleum products, naphtha gas, octane-based gasoline and heavy naphtha).

The following tables set forth our processing capacity, as well as our total natural gas processing and production, for the five years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Gas and Aromatics’ Processing and Production Capacity(1)

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2014   2015   2016   2017   2018 
   

(in millions of cubic feet per day,

except where otherwise indicated)

 

Sweetening plants

          

Sour condensates(1)

   144    144    144    144    144 

Sour natural gas(2)

   4,523    4,523    4,523    4,523    4,523 

Natural gas liquids recovery plants

          

Cryogenics

   5,912    5,912    5,912    5,912    5,912 

Natural gas liquids fractionating(2)(3)

   569    569    569    569    569 

Processing of hydrosulfuric acid

   219    219    219    229    229 

Aromatic compounds and derivates(Cangrejera and Independencia)(4)(5)(6)

       1,694    1,694    1,734    1,734 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2016   2017(4)   2018   2019   2020 
   (in millions of cubic feet per day, except
where otherwise indicated)
 

Sweetening plants

          

Sour condensates(2)

   144    144    144    144    144 

Sour natural gas

   4,523    4,523    4,523    4,523    4,523 

Natural gas liquids recovery plants

          

Cryogenics

   5,912    5,912    5,912    5,912    5,912 

Natural gas liquids fractionating(2)

   569    569    569    569    569 

Processing of hydrosulfuric acid

   219    229    229    229    229 

Aromatic compounds and derivatives
(Cangrejera and Independencia)(3)

   1,694    1,734    1,734    1,734    1,734 

 

(1)

Production capacity refers to aromatic compounds and derivatives.

(2)

In thousands of barrels per day.

(3)

The figure for 2016 has been restated.

(4)

ThousandIn thousands of metric tons per year.

(5)(4)

Since November 2015, the operation of the Methanol I and II plants, the CPQ Independencia petrochemical specialties plant and the CPQ Cangrejera aromatic compounds plants have been assigned to Pemex Industrial Transformation.

(6)

The increase in the production capacity for aromatic compounds and derivatives beginning in 2017 was the result of updates to design values of 100% capacityValues of our CCR reforming plants.plant were updated in 2017.

Source:

Pemex BDI.

Source: Pemex BDI.

Natural Gas, Condensates and Aromatics’ Processing and Production(1)

 

  Year ended December 31,   2018   Year ended December 31,     
  2014   2015   2016   2017   2018   vs. 2019   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
  (in millions of cubic feet per day, except where otherwise indicated)   (%)   (in millions of cubic feet per day, except where
otherwise indicated)
   (%) 

Processing

                        

Wet gas

   4,343    4,073    3,672    3,237    2,952    (8.8   3,671.5    3,237.3    2,951.9    2,826.3    2,765.4    (2.2

Sour gas

   3,356    3,225    2,997    2,688    2,492    (7.3   2,996.9    2,687.7    2,492.5    2,395.6    2,327.6    (2.8

Sweet gas(2)

   986    847    675    550    459    (16.5   674.6    549.6    459.5    430.7    437.8    1.6 

Condensates(6)(4)

   49    45    41    32    27    (15.6   41.1    32.4    27.4    22.4    22.6    0.9 

Gas to natural gas liquids extraction

   4,303    3,904    3,450    3,199    2,782    (13.0   3,449.8    3,199.5    2,781.7    2,651.2    2,497.4    (5.8

Wet gas

   4,172    3,745    3,394    3,086    2,782    (9.9   3,394.1    3,086.3    2,781.7    2,651.2    2,497.4    (5.8

Reprocessing streams(4)(5)

   131    159    56    113        (100.0   55.7    113.2    —      —      —      —   

Production

                        

Dry gas(5)(6)

   3,699    3,454    3,074    2,667    2,422    (9.2   3,074.2    2,666.7    2,421.7    2,305.0    2,245.2    (2.6

Natural gas liquids(6)(7)

   364    327    308    280    240    (14.3

Liquefied petroleum gas(6)(8)

   205    174    159    144    122    (15.3

Natural gas liquids(4)(7)

   307.7    280.3    240.1    221.3    207.4    (6.3

Liquefied petroleum gas(4)(8)

   159.2    144.3    122.2    107.6    100.5    (6.6

Ethane(6)(4)

   110    107    106    101    85    (15.8   106.4    101.3    84.8    76.8    70.8    (7.8

Naphtha(6)(4)

   77    69    62    52    43    (17.3   61.9    51.8    43.3    42.9    40.5    (5.6

Sulfur(9)(11)

   962    858    673    551    443    (19.6

Sulfur(9)(10)

   673.3    551.3    442.6    376.6    265.1    (29.6

Methanol(9)

   168    161    145    116    148    27.6    145.1    115.8    148.4    141.5    138.1    (2.4

Aromatic compounds and derivatives(9)(10)

   1,017    1,022    940    622    570    (8.4

Aromatic compounds and derivatives(9)(11)

   940.2    622.0    569.5    919.6    336.4    (63.4

Others(9)(12)

   899    535    507    302    269    (10.9   410.6    225.5    216.5    496.5    233.5    (53.0

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

GPC=

GPC= Gas Processing Complex

(1)

Excludes operations of our exploration and production segment, which produced 4,8034,761.6 million cubic feet per day in 2018.2020.

(2)

Includes sweet vapor from condensates.

(3)

Includes internal streams.

(4)

In thousands of barrels per day.

(5)

Reprocessing of pipeline dry gas at the Pajaritos cryogenic plant.plant

(5)(6)

Includes ethane reinjected into the natural gas stream.

(6)

In thousands of barrels per day.

(7)

Includes stabilized condensates, reprocessing streams from the Cangrejera petrochemical complex and other streams for fractionating.

(8)

Includes production from GPC, refineries and transfers from Pemex Exploration and Production.

(9)

In thousands of metric tons.

(10)

Production of gas processing GPCs and refineries. In 2019, our Poza Rica and Arenque facilities ceased producing sulfur due to operational difficulties with the condenser units.

(11)

Includes aromine 100, benzene, styrene, ethylbenzene, fluxoil, high octane hydrocarbon, toluene and xylenes.

(11)

Production of gas processing GPCs and refineries.xylene.

(12)

Includes butanes, petrochemical specialties, pentanes, hexane, hydrogen, BTX liquids, isopentanes and petroleum products, naphtha gas, petrol octane base and heavy naphtha.

Source:

Source: Pemex BDI.

We process sour and sweet condensates from our exploration and production segment in order to obtain stabilized natural gas liquids and also to recover liquid hydrocarbons obtained from the processing of sweet natural gas. In addition, we obtain natural gas liquids from internal streams and liquid hydrocarbons condensed in sour wet gas pipelines. Our production of natural gas liquids, including stabilized condensates, reprocessing and other fractionating streams, decreased by 14.3%6.3% from 280221.3 thousand barrels per day in 20172019 to 240207.4 thousand barrels per day in 2018.2020.

We process sour condensates, which have a higher sulfur content, to produce stabilized sweet condensates. The volume of sour condensates we processed from our exploration and production segment and internal streams of our gas and aromatic compoundsub-segment totaled 27.022.6 thousand barrels per day in 2018,2020, a 15.6% decrease0.9% increase from the 32.022.4 thousand barrels per day processed in 2017.2019. We also process sweet condensates at our Burgos facilities to produce light and heavy natural gasoline.

The production of sulfur totaled 265.1 thousand tons in 2020, a 29.6% decrease from 376.6 thousand tons in 2019. This decrease was partially due to lower production at our Cactus and Nuevo Pemex gas processing complexes, due to the shutdown of their sulfur recovery plants for maintenance.

The production of aromatic compounds and derivatives decreased 8.4%, from 622.0totaled 336.4 thousand tons in 2017 to 570.02020, a 63.4% decrease from 919.6 thousand tons in 2018,2019. This decrease was mainly because our naptha reforming plant (CCR) operated only intermittently due to equipment failure,problems with the main services at the Cangrejera petrochemical complex, including operational difficulties in the delivery of steam and we experienced shortages in auxiliary serviceselectricity to the plant. These issues occurred between April and the supply of raw materials from our Minatitlán refinery.December 2020.

Over the five years ended December 31, 2018,2020, the value of our domestic sales was distributed as follows:

Value of Gas and Aromatics’ Domestic Sales(1)

 

  Year ended December 31,   2018   Year ended December 31,     
  2014   2015   2016   2017   2018   vs. 2017   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
  (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%)   (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%) 

Natural gas

   Ps. 78,666.4    Ps. 53,037.3    Ps. 67,536.5    Ps. 74,287.7    Ps. 62,355.4    (16.1  Ps.67,536.5   Ps.74,287.7   Ps.62,355.4   Ps.41,735.5   Ps.31,815.2    (23.8

Liquefied petroleum gas

   78,258.9    78,194.0    50,179.8    49,137.3    52,053.6    5.9    50,179.8    49,137.3    52,053.6    32,161.8    30,819.9    (4.2

Ethane(3)

   283.6    310.7    1,284.7    2,989.7    3,203.4    7.1 

Ethane(3)

   1,284.7    2,989.7    3,203.4    2,365.0    1,854.6    (21.6

Heptane

   39.1    1.0        0.9    9.5    955.6    —      0.9    9.5    26.8    2.4    (91.0

Propane

   92.4    57.6    73.8    111.6    148.2    32.8    73.8    111.6    148.2    91.7    81.0    (11.7

Light naphtha

   2.8    39.7    84.5    158.8    221.4    39.4    84.5    158.8    221.4    212.7    117.0    (45.0

Heavy naphtha

   15.7    191.0    404.8    429.3    708.6    65.1    404.8    429.3    708.6    833.2    666.7    (20.0

Sulfur

   795.9    926.1    585.7    540.2    766.0    41.8    585.7    540.2    766.0    534.3    334.7    (37.4

Methanol

   775.5    748.4    625.1    806.9    1.089.9    35.1    625.1    806.9    1,089.9    818.7    797.6    (2.6

Aromatic compounds and derivatives(4)

   4,427.5    3,479.4    2,122.1    1,673.1    1,759.8    5.2    2,122.1    1,673.1    1,759.8    1,802.0    1,156.2    (35.8

Others(5)

   619.8    399.1    261.4    308.5    296.1    (4.0   261.4    308.5    296.1    258.9    303.0    17.0 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   Ps.163,977.6    Ps.137,384.3    Ps.123,158.4    Ps. 130,444.0    Ps. 122,611.9    (6.0  Ps.123,158.4   Ps.130,444.0   Ps.122,611.9   Ps.80,840.6   Ps.67,948.3    (15.9
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes value added tax.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

(3)

In January 2016, we began the supply of ethane to Braskem IDESA.

(4)

Includes aromine 100, benzene, styrene, toluene and xylene.

(5)

Includes petrochemical specialties, hydrogen, isopropane,isopropanol, hexane, pentane and naphtha gas.

Source:

Source: Pemex BDI.

The volume of our domestic sales of gas and aromatics for thefive-year period ended December 31, 20182020 was distributed as follows:

Volume of Gas and Aromatics’ Domestic Sales

 

  Year ended December 31,   2018   Year ended December 31,     
  2014   2015   2016   2017   2018   vs. 2017   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs
2019
 
  (in thousands of barrels per day, except where otherwise indicated)   (%)   (in thousands of barrels per day, except where
otherwise indicated)
   (%) 

Natural gas(1)

   3,451.2    3,246.6    3,347.3    2,623.0    2,064.3    (21.3   3,347.3    2,623.0    2,064.3    1,604.4    1,313.6    (18.1

Liquefied petroleum gas(2)

   282.1    278.8    202.1    171.3    165.1    (3.6   200.7    169.8    163.6    149.5    143.9    (3.7

Ethane

   5.8    8.8    30.5    57.7    48.9    (15.3   36.6    59.9    51.0    51.5    45.6    (11.5

Heptane

   3.0    0.1    —      0.1    0.5    400.0    —      0.1    0.5    1.9    0.2    (89.5

Propane

   9.7    10.1    11.3    11.3    11.8    4.4    11.3    11.3    11.8    11.5    11.2    (2.6

Heavy naphtha(3)(2)

   1.5    29.9    64.3    56.2    69.5    23.7    64.3    56.2    69.5    95.2    97.2    2.1 

Light naphtha(3)(2)

   0.3    6.2    13.3    19.9    21.3    7.0    13.3    19.9    21.3    27.4    20.0    (27.0

Sulfur(3)(2)

   655.3    572.7    580.5    529.9    450.5    (15.0   580.5    529.9    450.5    382.5    270.3    (29.3

Methanol(3)(2)

   110.9    112.0    111.3    100.8    106.0    5.2    111.3    100.8    106.0    107.1    120.5    12.5 

Aromatic compounds and derivatives(4)(3)

   246.8    240.0    155.1    111.3    101.6    (8.7   155.1    111.3    101.6    120.0    94.3    (21.4

Others(5)(4)

   48.3    40.5    29.6    28.2    22.8    (19.1   29.6    28.2    22.8    26.7    29.1    9.0 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

In millions of cubic feet per day.

(2)

In thousands of barrels per day.metric tons.

(3)

In thousands of tons per year.

(4)

Includes aromine 100, benzene, styrene, toluene ethylbenzene, fluxoil and xylene.

(5)(4)

Includes petrochemical specialties, hydrogen, isopropane,isopropanol, hexane, pentane and naphtha gas.

Source

Source: Pemex BDI.:

Pemex BDI.

In 2018,2020, the value of our domestic sales in gas and aromatics decreased by 6.0%15.9% as compared to 2017,2019, reaching Ps.122,611.9Ps. 67,948.3 million. This decrease was mainly a result ofdue to a reduction in the domestic sales volume of natural gas.gas and liquefied petroleum gas as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and increased competition from private companies in the domestic market.

Domestic sales of natural gas decreased by 21.3%18.1%, as compared to 2017,2019, from 2,623.01,604.4 million cubic feet per day in 20172019 to 2,064.31,313.6 million cubic feet per day in 2018,2020. This decrease was mainly due to competition fromthird-party suppliers in the national market.

Domestic sales of LPG decreased by 3.6%, as compared to 2017, from 171.3 thousand per barrels per day in 2017 to 165.1 thousand barrels per day in 2018. This decrease was primarily due toincreased competition from private companies importing foreign LPG.natural gas and to the reduction in economic activity during 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2020, domestic sales of liquefied petroleum gas decreased by 3.7% compared to 2019, from 149.5 thousand barrels per day in 2019 to 143.9 thousand barrels per day in 2020. Beginning in September 2020, we implemented a strategy to improve prices for our highest consuming customers. The strategy aimed to increase product displacement.

Internal sales of sulfur decreased by 29.3%, as compared to 2019, from 382.5 thousand tons in 2019 to 270.3 thousand tons in 2020. This decrease was mainly due to a lower supply of sulfur from our gas processing facilities.

Internal sales of aromatics decreased by 21.4%, compared to 2019, from 120.0 thousand tons in 2019 to 94.3 thousand tons in 2020. The decrease in sales of aromatics and derivatives was due to a reduction in toluene and xylene sales.

Subsidiaries of Pemex Industrial Transformation

Pemex Industrial Transformation conducts certain management, real estate and distribution activities through its subsidiaries and through certain joint ventures. The following table lists its subsidiaries, their principal operating activities and Pemex Industrial Transformation’s ownership interest as of December 31, 2018.2020.

Subsidiaries of Pemex Industrial Transformation(1)

 

Subsidiary

  

Principal Activity

  

Ownership
Interest

(%)

Mex Gas Internacional, S.L.(2)

  Holding company  100.00

Terrenos para Industrias, S.A.

  Real estate holding company  100.00

PTI Infraestructura de Desarrollo, S.A. de C.V.

Dos Bocas refinery project development company99.99

PPQ Cadena Productiva, S.L.(3)

No staff, no operations100.00

 

(1)

As of December 31, 2018.2020.

(2)

Mex Gas Internacional, S.L. is the only subsidiary of Pemex Industrial Transformation that is a consolidated subsidiary company. See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Source:(3)

Pemex Industrial TransformationFormed in order to reorganize Pemex’s subsidiaries.

Source: Pemex Industrial Transformation Divestitures

On October 5, 2017,July 14, 2018, the Board of Directors of Petróleos MéxicanosMexicanos authorized the divestiture of our 5% indirect participation in TAG Norte Holding,Pipelines Sur, S. ofde R. L. de C. V. (TAG Norte Holding) for the Ramones II Norte project. The divestiture was subsequently carried out on August 31, 2018 for a total amount of U.S. $43.0 million.

Pricing Decrees

As of December 31, 2017, fuel prices2020, this operation was still in Mexico are fully liberalized. However,progress. The subsidiary holding company continues to evaluate fiscal, financial and corporate matters relevant to the CRE reserves the right to intervene. Therefore, until theComisión Federal de Competencia Económica (Federal Economic Competition Commission) determines that there is effective competition in the wholesale market, our sales prices continuedivestment. The divestment has yet to be subject to potential future regulations by the CRE.

As of July 1, 2017, the CRE permitsthird-party participants to enter the gasoline and diesel market and has authorized the permanent regime offirst-hand sales of natural gas. This permanent regime allows us to sell natural gas under two separate pricing mechanisms: (1) the first hand sale price, wherein we may sell natural gas directly to customers without additional transportation or services and (2) the full marketing price, wherein we may charge a higher price that includes transportation and services costs associated with the commercialization of natural gas.

Since 2003, price control mechanisms for LPG have been implemented through governmental decrees.

Since January 1, 2017, we have sold natural gas in accordance with the methodology authorized by CRE for determining thefirst-hand sales price at the point of delivery, and all end user prices are freely determined by the market.

We withhold IEPS tax. For more information, see “Item 4—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime for PEMEX.”

The Mexican Government could modify these price controls or impose additional price controls in the future. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—The Mexican Government has historically imposed price controls in the domestic market on our products.”completed.

Natural Gas Hedging Operations

We offer, as avalue-added service, various hedging contracts to our domestic customers to protect them against fluctuations in the prices of natural gas. For information on hedging contracts offered to our domestic natural gas domestic customers, see “Item 11—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

Gas and Aromatics Capital Expenditures and Budget

Our gas and aromatics business invested Ps. 2,907976 million in capital expenditures in 2018. Our budget for 2019 does not contain any2020 and has budgeted Ps. 2,072 million in capital expenditures for this segment. However, we contemplate that we mayre-allocate certain resources during 2019 in order to meet potential capital expenditure requirements for this segment.2021.

The following table sets forth our gas and aromatics business’ capital expenditures, excludingnon-capitalizable maintenance, for each of the three years ended December 31, 2018,2020, and the budget for 2019.2021. Capital expenditure amounts are derived from our budgetary records, which are prepared on a cash basis. Accordingly, these capital expenditure amounts do not correspond to capital expenditure amounts included in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Gas and Aromatics’ Capital Expenditures

 

  Year ended December 31,(1)     
  2016   2017   2018   Budget
2019(2)
 
  Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget 
  (in millions of pesos)(3)   2018   2019   2020   2021(2) 
  (in millions of pesos)(3) 
Gas and Aromatics            

Modernization of Transportation Areas of GPCs

   Ps. 482    Ps. 239    Ps. 644    Ps. — 

Maintenance of the New Pemex GPC 2018-2022

  Ps. —     Ps. —     Ps. 418   Ps. 547 

Maintenance of the Gas and Petrochemical Process Center Coatzacoalcos 2018-2022

   —      —      146    220 

Maintenance to the Cactus GPC 2018-2022

   —      —      124    293 

Adaptation of Fractionation Plants and Conversion of the Liquids Sweetener at Nuevo Pemex GPC

   136    61    5    —   

Maintenance of the Fractionation Plant I of the GPC Nuevo Pemex

   9    14    3    65 

Maintenance of the Ciudad Pemex GPC 2019-2023

   —      —      3    81 

Modernization of Equipment of Cryogenic Plant 1 of the Ciudad Pemex GPC

   28    76    —      77 

Cryogenic Maintenance III Nuevo Pemex

   92    26    —      18 

Conservation of the Main Services of the GPC Cactus

   49    22    —      35 

Modernization of Systems and Processing Equipment of GPC La Venta

   18    18    —      —   

Maintenance of Plants and Auxiliary Services of GPC Burgos

   31    7    —      40 

Modernization of the Product Movement Areas of the GPCs

   644    —      —      —   

Modernization and Rehabilitation of Facilities of the Supply and Water Treatment System at Nuevo Pemex GPC

   255    216    241        241    —      —      —   

Adaptation of Fractionation Plants and Conversion of the Liquids Sweetener at Nuevo Pemex GPC

   174    271    136     

Conditioning of the Venting Systems at Cactus GPC

   75    147    131        131    —      —      —   

Integral Maintenance of Gas Sweetening Plants 1, 2, 3 and 12 at Cactus GPC

   116    64    53        53    —      —      —   

Security Requirements for Improvement of Operational Reliability of the GPCs

   41    —      —      —   

Conservation and Modernization of the Storage Area at Coatzacoalcos Area GPC

   88    32    53        22    —      —      —   

Security Requirements for Improvement of Operational Reliability of the GPCs

   87    31    41     

Modernization of Measuring, Control and Security Systems of GPCs

   481             

Refurbishment and Modernization of Natural Gas Turbocompressors of the Cryogenic Plants at Nuevo Pemex GPC

   257    41         

Integral Project of Electric Reliability at GPCs

   177    22         

Refurbishment of Refrigerating and Ethane Turbocompressors of Fractionating Plants at Nuevo Pemex GPC

   119             

Conservation of Processing Capacity at Nuevo Pemex GPC

   70             

Conservation of Operational Reliability at Ciudad Pemex GPC

   31    6         

Conditioning of Facilities for Ethane Supply at Cactus GPC

   21    5         

Integral Facilities Maintenance at Cactus GPC

   21             

Rehabilitation of Cooling Towers of GPC Cactus

   12    —      —      —   

Acquisition of Equipment and Rehabilitation of Process Plants and Main Services of La Venta GPC

   —      —      —      101 

Revamps and Annual Maintenance to Turbochargers and Turbogenerators of Burgos GPC

   —      —      —      82 

Modernization of Measurement Systems, Control and Security Systems of GPC´s

   —      —      —      79 

Integral Maintenance for Analyzers of the GPC

   —      —      —      77 

Others

   992    1,514    1,609        1,400    265    278    356 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   Ps. 3,446    Ps. 2,587    Ps. 2,907    Ps. —   Ps. 2,907   Ps. 489   Ps. 976   Ps. 2,072 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Notes:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

              GPC

GPC = Gas Processing Complex.

              PC

= Petrochemical Complex.

(1)

Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.

(2)

OriginalAn adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.November 30, 2020.

(3)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source:

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos.

Ethane Supply Contract

On February 19, 2010, we entered into a contract to supply 66,000 barrels per day of ethane to the Etileno XXI project, a petrochemical complex in Nanchital, Veracruz that produces ethylene and polyethylene. The Etileno XXI project commenced operations on March 18, 2016. The Etileno XXI project is owned and operated byBraskem-IDESA, Braskem IDESA, S.A.P.I. (Braskem IDESA). We have entered into aBrazilian-Mexican consortium. In order to meet the obligations memorandum of this contract, we made adjustments to the infrastructure of our gas processing plants in the Ciudad Pemex, Nuevo Pemex and Cactus. Additional ethane is transported from the gas processing plants located in Tabasco, in southeastern Mexico, to Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz. This contractunderstanding with Braskem IDESA that provides guidelines for “take or pay—delivery or pay” obligations for the parties, and thus, in case of breach of our supply obligation, we are subject to the payment of liquidated damages. In the event of termination as a consequence of our material default under the ethane supply contract, we may be obligated to pay to the other parties involved in the project an amount equal to the termination value of this project (the value of which is determined pursuant to the contract and takes into consideration, among other factors, the outstanding debt of the project and the amount invested in the project at such time). As of December 31, 2016, construction of the pipeline to transport ethane from the gas processing plants located in Tabasco to Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, was complete. further negotiations.

During 2018,2020, we supplied 804.5711.9 million cubic meters of ethane for a total of Ps. 3,203.41,854.6 million under this contract.

FertilizersEthylene and Derivatives

Our ethylene and derivatives line of business’ main objectives include the production, distribution and marketing of ethane and propylene derivatives. In 2020, we produced a total of 1,146.8 thousand tons of petrochemical products, a 28.8% decrease from the 1,610.8 thousand tons of petrochemical products produced in 2019. This decrease was mainly due to the fact that derivatives plants operated at low capacity due to problems in auxiliary services, operational failures and a reduction in the commercialization of monoethylene glycol as the result of an oversupply in the international market.

Our ethylene line of business manufactures several petrochemical products, including:

ethane derivatives, such as ethylene, polyethylene, ethylene oxide and glycols;

propylene and derivatives; and

others such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and butadiene, among other products.

Capacity

Cangrejera Petrochemical Complex: This complex is located in the Southern region of the country and has five units and a line of aromatics.

Morelos Petrochemical Complex: This complex is located in the Southern region of the country and has six units and auxiliary services.

Pajaritos Petrochemical Complex: This complex is located in the Southern region of the country, has an ethylene plant and has not operated since 2016.

In 2020, the Cangrejera and Morelos complexes together produced 718.1 thousand tons of ethane derivatives, 7.9 thousand tons of propylene and derivatives, and 420.8 thousand tons of other products.

Pajaritos Refrigerated Ethylene Shipping Terminal: We imported ethane through this terminal until mid-November 2020. In 2020, we imported 94.2 thousand tons of ethane through this terminal.

Total production capacity of our operating plants for the five years ended December 31, 2020 was distributed among our facilities as set forth below.

Ethylene and Derivatives’ Production Capacity

   Year ended December 31, 
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020 
   (in thousands of tons) 

Petrochemical Facility

          

Cangrejera(1)

   1,321.3    1,321.3    1,321.3    1,321.3    1,321.3 

Morelos

   2,277.2    2,277.2    2,277.2    2,277.2    2,277.2 

Pajaritos(2)

   —      —      207.0    207.0    207.0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   3,598.5    3,598.5    3,805.5    3,805.5    3,805.5 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Our ethylene and derivatives line of business’ capacity in Cangrejera does not include the production capacity of aromatics and derivatives.

(2)

At the end of 2018, the assets of the Pajaritos petrochemical complex were transferred to Pemex because the alliance with Petroquímica Mexicana de Vinilo (PMV) was dissolved.

Source: Pemex Ethylene.

Production

The following table sets forth our ethylene production for the five years ended December 31, 2020.

Ethylene’s Production(1)

   Year ended December 31,     
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
   (in thousands of tons)     

Ethane derivatives

   1,690.7    1,274.1    1,304.8    1,104.9    718.1    (35.0

Propylene and derivatives

   42.8    12.9    16.5    11.8    7.9    (33.1

Others

   795.2    597.0    509.0    494.2    420.8    (14.9
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total(1)

   2,528.7    1,884.0    1,830.3    1,610.8    1,146.8    (28.8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Figures include petrochemical products used as raw material to produce other petrochemicals.

Source: Pemex BDI.

In 2020, the total production of our ethylene business decreased by 28.8%, as compared to 2019, from 1,610.8 thousand tons in 2019 to 1,146.8 thousand tons in 2020. This decrease was primarily due to our derivatives plants operating at low capacity because of problems with auxiliary services, operational failures and a reduction in the commercialization of monoethylene glycol as the result of an oversupply and lowered prices in the international market.

From January 2018 until November 19, 2020, we imported ethane for use as a raw material in our operations. At the end of 2019, we installed a new vaporization system at our Pajaritos petrochemical complex. This new vaporization system allowed us to increase the vaporization of imported liquid ethane and supplied our Cangrejera and Morelos complexes until approximately mid-November 2020.

On November 17, 2020, we announced we will prioritize the shipment of national ethane to ethylene and derivatives processing plants. As of November 19, 2020, Pemex has only used national ethane and has terminated all consumption of imported ethane.

Domestic Sales

The following table sets forth our ethylene domestic sales for the five years ended December 31, 2020.

Value of Ethylene’s Domestic Sales(1)

   Year ended December 31,     
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
   (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%) 

Ethane derivatives

   Ps.14,539.4    Ps.12,252.7    Ps.12,472.8    Ps.8,951.4    Ps.6,042.6    (32.5

Propylene and derivatives

   788.3    340.7    314.4    114.8    32.9    (71.3

Others

   64.8    28.3    45.9    56.5    30.4    (46.2
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps.15,392.5    Ps.12,621.7    Ps.12,833.2    Ps.9,122.7    Ps.6,105.9    (33.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes value added tax.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source: Pemex BDI.

In 2020, the value of our domestic sales decreased by 33.1% as compared to 2019, from Ps. 9,122.7 million in 2019 to Ps. 6,105.9 million in 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in revenues from the sale of glycols and polyethylene resins due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sales to other Subsidiary Entities

The following table sets forth the intercompany sales of petrochemical products for the five years ended December 31, 2020.

Ethylene’s Intercompany Sales(1)

   Year ended December 31,     
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
   (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%) 

Ethane and derivatives

  Ps.2.9   Ps. 1.1   Ps.2.5   Ps.3.8   Ps.0.5    (86.8

Others(3)(4)

   480.6    284.2    62.0    —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.483.5   Ps.285.3   Ps.64.5   Ps.3.8   Ps.0.5    (86.8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes value added tax.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

(3)

Includes diethylene glycol, ethylene, hydrogen, ethylene pyrolysis liquids, monoethylene glycol, nitrogen and anhydrous ammonia.

(4)

Figures do not consider sales to Pemex Industrial Transformation as of July 1, 2019.

Source: Pemex BDI.

In 2020, our intercompany sales decreased by 86.8% as compared to 2019, from Ps. 3.8 million in 2019 to Ps. 0.5 million in 2020. This decrease was mainly due to a reduction in the sales volume of triethylene glycol to Pemex Exploration and Production.

Ethylene Capital Expenditures and Budget

Our ethylene business invested Ps.137 million in capital expenditures in 2020 and has budgeted Ps.2,380 million for capital expenditures in 2021.

The following table sets forth our ethylene business’ capital expenditures, excluding non-capitalizable maintenance, for each of the three years ended December 31,2020, and the budget for 2021. Capital expenditure amounts are derived from our budgetary records, which are prepared on a cash basis. Accordingly, these capital expenditure amounts do not correspond to capital expenditure amounts included in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Ethylene’s Capital Expenditures

   Year ended December 31(1)   Budget
2021(2)
 
   2018   2019   2020 
   (in millions of pesos)(3) 

Ethylene(4)

        

Maintenance Program of the Capacity of the Low Density Polyethylene Plant at Cangrejera PC

  Ps.48   Ps.63   Ps.47   Ps.259 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Auxiliary Services at Morelos PC

   18    —      47    115 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ethylene Oxide Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   69    62    12    —   

Maintenance to the PC Independencia 2019-2023

   —      —      5    26 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of the Swing Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   78    22    4    —   

Maintenance Program of the Ethylene Plant at Cangrejera PC

   48    4    3    78 

Modernization of Fire Protection Network at Cangrejera PC

   171    16    2    —   

Sustainability of the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Plant at Morelos PC

   75    26    —      —   

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Asahi Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   26    14    —      —   

Maintaining the Production Capacity of the Mitsui Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   8    8    —      —   

Maintenance Program for the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Oxide Plant at Cangrejera PC

   20    2    —      270 

Modernization and Expansion of Production Capacity of Ethane Derivatives Chain I at Morelos PC

   168    —      —      —   

Acquisition of Catalysts for Pemex Ethylene Plants

   72    —      —      —   

Rehabilitation of Maintenance Areas to Support Production at Cangrejera PC

   47    —      —      9 

Modernization and Optimization of Infrastructure and Auxiliary Services I at Cangrejera PC

   43    —      —      —   

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Oxide Plant at Cangrejera PC

   3    —      —      —   

Maintenance for the Sustaining of the Operational Capacity of the Process Plants of the PC Morelos 2020

   —      —      —      1,385 

Maintenance for the Sustaining of the Operational Capacity of the Auxiliary Services Plants of the PC Cangrejera

   —      —      —      141 

Others

   81    1    17    97 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps. 975   Ps. 219   Ps.137   Ps.2,380 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

PC = Petrochemical Complex.

(1)

Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.

(2)

An adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on November 30, 2020.

(3)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

(4)

Capital expenditures were made for certain projects in years following the original term indicated in the project title.

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos.

Fertilizers

Prior to January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation. Therefore, our fertilizers segment operated through the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Fertilizers until December 31, 2020, and operates through the productivestate-owned subsidiary Pemex Fertilizers andIndustrial Transformation as of January 1, 2021 as a line of business.    

Our fertilizers business integrates the ammonia production chain up to the point of sale of fertilizers, including agricultural and industrial nitrates, phosphate fertilizers and acids, (producedwhich are produced by Fertinal). We also expect that ourGrupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. Our subsidiaryPro-Agroindustria, will be ableS.A. de C.V. began to begin producingintermittently produce urea at our Pajaritos petrochemical complexbeginning in April 2020. Pro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V. ceased operations in the second half of 2019.

Our strategy focuses on: (1) increasing the national fertilizers production at competitive prices; (2) increasing the economic value of our segment by generating diverse investment opportunitiesDecember 2020 due to interruption in the agricultural sector in Mexico; (3) ensuring a reliable supply of natural gas for the operation of our plants; and (4) continuing to make capital expenditure investments to strengthen the operational reliability of our four ammonia plants.raw materials.

We expect to have two ammonia plants in operating condition during the second half of 2019. Taking into account the product mix of fertilizers we are currently producing, our Fertinal segment is operating near full capacity, but we intend to improve our profit margins by increasing our sales in the domestic market.

In addition, asAs part of our strategythe merger between Pemex Fertilizers and Pemex Industrial Transformation, we intend to integrate our Fertinal segment into the production chain offrom natural gas to ammonia to fertilizers.fertilizers through the integration of our Cosoleacaque petrochemical complex. We expect thatbelieve this integration will helpallow us to offer a wide range of fertilizers, nitrogen and phosphates at competitive prices. In addition, weWe expect that establishingthe development of new commercialdistribution channels will allow us to bring the supply of ammonia and fertilizers closer to industrial and agricultural producers throughout the country. In order to satisfy small agricultural producers demand for urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP), distribution is realized in coordination with the Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, or SADER) under the framework of the Mexican Government’s Fertilizantes para el Bienestar (Fertilizers for Welfare) program.

Capacity

As of December 31, 2018,2020, we owned four petrochemicalammonia plants, one of which wasresumed operations in operation, for the production of ammonia.December 2019 after undergoing major maintenance. Two of ourother plants are scheduled to undergo a major maintenance from 2022 to 2025. Additionally, our remaining plant likewise requires further rehabilitation. The scheduling of this rehabilitation in March and September of 2019, respectively, and another plant will also require rehabilitation, which will be scheduled baseddepends on the availability of budgetary resources. We had a total production capacity of 1,440 thousand tons of ammonia per year in 2018.

The total ammonia production capacity of our operating plants for the last three years ended December 31, 2020 was distributed among our facilities as set forth below:

Fertilizers Segment’sFertilizers’ Total Capacity

 

  Year ended December 31,   Year ended December 31, 
Petrochemical Complexes  2016   2017   2018   2018   2019   2020 
  (thousands of tons)   (thousands of tons) 

Cosoleacaque (ammonia)

   1,440    1,440    1,440    1,440    1,440    1,440 

 

Source:

Source: Pemex Fertilizers.

Production

The following table summarizes the annual production of our fertilizers segment for the three years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Fertilizers Segment’sFertilizers’ Production

 

  Year ended December 31,     
              2018 
  2016   2017   2018   vs. 2017 
  Year ended December 31,     
      (thousands of tons)   (%)   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
  (thousands of tons)   (%) 

Methane Derivatives

                

Ammonia

   533    500    151    (69.8   151    –      136    100.0 

Carbon dioxide

   786    844    372    (55.9   372    7    283    3,942.9 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   1,319    1,343    523    (61.1   523    7    419    5,885.7 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Source:

Source: Pemex BDI.

Total annual production of methane derivatives in 2018 decreased 61.1%2020 increased by more than 100%, from 1,3437 thousand tons in 20172019 to 523419 thousand tons in 2018.2020. This decreaseincrease was mainly due to shortages in the supplyrenewed production of raw material that has kept our Cosoleacaque plant outammonia and carbon dioxide as of operation sincemid-August of 2018 and unscheduled stoppages during the first half of 2018February 2020, due to equipment failure.

In 2018 we produced 151 thousand tonsa natural gas supply agreement signed with CFEnergía S.A. de C.V., an affiliate of ammonia, which represents a decrease of 69.8% as compared to 500 thousand tons producedCFE, in 2017. In 2018, we produced 372 thousand tons of carbon dioxide, aby-product of the production process, which represents a 55.9% decrease as compared to 2017.December 2019.

Sales of Fertilizersto other Subsidiary Entities

The following table sets forth the valueintercompany sales of our domestic salespetrochemical products for the threefive years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Value of Fertilizers Segment’s DomesticEthylene’s Intercompany Sales(1)

 

   Year ended December 31,     
               2018 
   2016   2017   2018   vs. 2017 
   (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%) 

Methane Derivatives

        

Ammonia

   Ps. 4,593.1    Ps. 4,676.5    Ps. 5,544.3    18.6 

Carbon dioxide

   90.2    109.1    56.8    (47.9

Urea (resale)

   6.9    —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps. 4,690.1    Ps. 4,785.7    Ps. 5,601.1    17.0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Year ended December 31,     
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
   (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%) 

Ethane and derivatives

  Ps.2.9   Ps. 1.1   Ps.2.5   Ps.3.8   Ps.0.5    (86.8

Others(3)(4)

   480.6    284.2    62.0    —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.483.5   Ps.285.3   Ps.64.5   Ps.3.8   Ps.0.5    (86.8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes value added tax.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source:(3)

Includes diethylene glycol, ethylene, hydrogen, ethylene pyrolysis liquids, monoethylene glycol, nitrogen and anhydrous ammonia.

(4)

Figures do not consider sales to Pemex BDI.Industrial Transformation as of July 1, 2019.

Source: Pemex BDI.

In 2018 the value of domestic2020, our intercompany sales in our fertilizers segment increaseddecreased by 17.0%,86.8% as compared to 2019, from Ps. 4,785.73.8 million in 20172019 to Ps. 5,601.10.5 million in 2018, primarily2020. This decrease was mainly due to an increasea reduction in the sales price of ammonia, and to a lesser extent due to the increase in sales volume of ammonia, as presentedtriethylene glycol to Pemex Exploration and Production.

Ethylene Capital Expenditures and Budget

Our ethylene business invested Ps.137 million in more detail below.

Volume of salescapital expenditures in 2020 and has budgeted Ps.2,380 million for capital expenditures in 2021.

The following table sets forth the value of our domestic sales for the three years ended December 31, 2018.

Volume of Fertilizers Segment’s Domestic Sales

   Year ended December 31,     
               2018 
   2016   2017   2018   vs. 2017 
   (thousands of tons)   (%) 

Methane Derivatives

        

Ammonia

   752.8    760.4    771.7    1.5 

Carbon dioxide

   179.7    207.6    151.3    (27.1

Urea (resale)

   1.7    —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   934.3    968.0    923.0    (4.6
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Source:

Pemex BDI.

Fertilizers Capital Expenditures

Our fertilizers segment invested Ps. 331 million inethylene business’ capital expenditures, in 2018 and has budgeted Ps. 500 million in capital expenditures for 2019. The following table sets forth our fertilizers segment’s capital expenditures, excludingnon-capitalizable maintenance, for each of the three years ended December 31, 2018,31,2020, and the budget for 2019.2021. Capital expenditure amounts are derived from our budgetary records, which are prepared on a cash basis. Accordingly, these capital expenditure amounts do not correspond to capital expenditure amounts included in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Fertilizers’Ethylene’s Capital Expenditures

 

   Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget
2019(2)
 
   2016   2017   2018 
   (in millions of pesos)(3) 

Fertilizers

        

Rehabilitation of Primary Reformers and Auxiliary Ammonia Plant VI and VII of Cosoleacaque PC

   Ps. —    Ps. 75    Ps. 138    Ps. 170 

Efficiency in Storage and Distribution

   45    38    72     

Rehabilitation of the ammonia plant No. V, at Cosoleacaque PC

           38    11 

Maintenance of refrigeration and ammonia storage plant No. 2 of the Pajaritos Refrigerated Terminal

           30    50 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ammonia Plant VII and its Auxiliary Services at Cosoleacaque PC

   18    5    22     

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ammonia Plant VI at Cosoleacaque PC

   16        18     

Rehabilitation of Ammonia Plant IV and Integration and Auxiliary Services for Cosoleacaque PC

   295    102    11     

Safety and Environmental Protection, Derived from Observations and Regulations II in Cosoleacaque PC

   5             

Maintenance of the Ammonia Refrigeration and Storage Plant No. 1 of the Pajaritos Refrigerated Terminal

               157 

Maintenance for transportation, storage and handling of Ammonia

               112 

Others

       45    2     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps. 379    Ps. 264    Ps. 331    Ps. 500 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Year ended December 31(1)   Budget
2021(2)
 
   2018   2019   2020 
   (in millions of pesos)(3) 

Ethylene(4)

        

Maintenance Program of the Capacity of the Low Density Polyethylene Plant at Cangrejera PC

  Ps.48   Ps.63   Ps.47   Ps.259 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Auxiliary Services at Morelos PC

   18    —      47    115 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ethylene Oxide Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   69    62    12    —   

Maintenance to the PC Independencia 2019-2023

   —      —      5    26 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of the Swing Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   78    22    4    —   

Maintenance Program of the Ethylene Plant at Cangrejera PC

   48    4    3    78 

Modernization of Fire Protection Network at Cangrejera PC

   171    16    2    —   

Sustainability of the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Plant at Morelos PC

   75    26    —      —   

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Asahi Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   26    14    —      —   

Maintaining the Production Capacity of the Mitsui Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   8    8    —      —   

Maintenance Program for the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Oxide Plant at Cangrejera PC

   20    2    —      270 

Modernization and Expansion of Production Capacity of Ethane Derivatives Chain I at Morelos PC

   168    —      —      —   

Acquisition of Catalysts for Pemex Ethylene Plants

   72    —      —      —   

Rehabilitation of Maintenance Areas to Support Production at Cangrejera PC

   47    —      —      9 

Modernization and Optimization of Infrastructure and Auxiliary Services I at Cangrejera PC

   43    —      —      —   

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Oxide Plant at Cangrejera PC

   3    —      —      —   

Maintenance for the Sustaining of the Operational Capacity of the Process Plants of the PC Morelos 2020

   —      —      —      1,385 

Maintenance for the Sustaining of the Operational Capacity of the Auxiliary Services Plants of the PC Cangrejera

   —      —      —      141 

Others

   81    1    17    97 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps. 975   Ps. 219   Ps.137   Ps.2,380 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Notes:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

PC = Petrochemical Complex.

PC = Petrochemical Complex.

(1)

Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.

(2)

OriginalAn adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.November 30, 2020.

(3)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source:(4)

Petróleos Mexicanos.Capital expenditures were made for certain projects in years following the original term indicated in the project title.

Pajaritos Petrochemical ComplexSource: Petróleos Mexicanos.

In 2014, we acquired

Fertilizers

Prior to January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation. Therefore, our fertilizers segment operated through the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Fertilizers until December 31, 2020, and operates through the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Industrial Transformation as of January 1, 2021 as anon-operating nitrogen fertilizer line of business.    

Our fertilizers business integrates the ammonia production facility located in Pajaritos, Veracruz. The rehabilitation of the facility involved the restoration of our rotating, static and mechanical equipment, the construction of a carbon dioxide compression station, as well as other auxiliary projects. The rehabilitation was completed in the second quarter of 2018. While tests were started at that time, production could not be stabilized duechain up to the discontinuous operationpoint of our Cosoleacaque petrochemical complex,sale of fertilizers, including agricultural and industrial nitrates, phosphate fertilizers and acids, which ledare produced by Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. Our subsidiary Pro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V. began to an insufficient supply of ammonia. We expect that we will be able to startintermittently produce urea beginning in April 2020. Pro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V. ceased operations at this facility in the second half of 2019,December 2020 due to interruption in the supply of raw materials.

As part of the merger between Pemex Fertilizers and oncePemex Industrial Transformation, we intend to integrate the production stabilizes, we expectchain from natural gas to have a production capacity of 90 thousand tons of urea per month.

Fertinal

Fertinal producesammonia to fertilizers primarily phosphates, as well as acids and other agricultural and industrial nitrates, and operates an industrial complex located in Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán. Fertinal’s total production capacity for the three years ended December 31, 2018 is as set forth below.

Fertinal Segment’s Total Capacity

     Year ended December 31, 
         2016                     2017                     2018     
     (thousands of tons) 

Nitrate and phosphates(1)

     1,299      1,420      1,225 

(1)

During 2018, we produced Triple Superphosphate, which limits the production capacity for Diamonic Phosphate / Monoammonium phosphate, which, in turn, reduced our total production capacity.

Source:

Fertinal Group

Fertinal’s total production for the three years ended December 31, 2018 is set forth below.

Fertinal Segment’s Production

     Year ended December 31,       
             2016                     2017                     2018                     2018 vs. 2017         
     (thousands of tons)     % 

Phosphates

     682.0      763.9      880.7      15.3 

Nitrate

     187.3      220.8      225.1      1.9 

Others

     5.7      3.5      23.3      565.7 
    

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total

     875.0      988.2      1,129.1      14.3 
    

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Source:

Fertinal Group

The following table sets forth the value of Fertinal’s domestic sales for the three years ended December 31, 2018.

Value of Fertinal’s Domestic Sales(1)

   Year ended December 31,     
   2016   2017   2018   2018 vs. 2017 
   (in millions in pesos)(2)   % 

Phosphates

   Ps. 1,430.9    Ps. 1,717.5    Ps. 1,576.1    (8.2

Nitrates

   1,154.3    1,099.1    1,316.9    19.8 

Ammonia

   33.5    108.6    1,168.2    975.7 

Sulfur

   —      11.1    158.7    1,329.7 

Sulfuric Acid

   7.5    4.5    2.5    (44.4

Others

   20.4    24.7    32.6    32.0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps. 2,646.6    Ps. 2,965.5    Ps. 4,255.0    43.5 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes value added tax.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source:

Fertinal Group.

The increase in our sales in 2018 was mainly due to an increase in the production available for sale, better prices obtained in the market as compared to 2017 prices (an average price increase of approximately U.S. $45.00 per ton), and an increase in sales of other products such as ammonia, sulfur and industrial use acids.

In 2018, we implemented a strategic plan to consolidate optimal production levels, continue to manageshort-term cash flows and strengthen our financial position. As a result, in 2018 we operated at 90.3% of our total production capacity and produced 1,106.0 thousand tons of final product, which represents an increase of 12.3% as compared to 2017.

Ethylene

Our ethylene segment operates through the productivestate-owned subsidiary Pemex Ethylene and takes advantage of the integration of our Cosoleacaque petrochemical complex. We believe this integration will allow us to offer a wide range of fertilizers, nitrogen and phosphates at competitive prices. We expect the ethylene production chain by manufacturing various petrochemical products. Our ethylene segment manufactures various petrochemical products, including:

ethane derivatives, such as ethylene, polyethylenes, ethylene oxidedevelopment of new distribution channels to bring the supply of ammonia and glycols;

propylenefertilizers closer to industrial and derivatives;agricultural producers throughout the country. In order to satisfy small agricultural producers demand for urea and

others such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen diammonium phosphate (DAP), distribution is realized in coordination with the Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (Ministry of Agriculture and butadiene, among other products.Rural Development, or SADER) under the framework of the Mexican Government’s Fertilizantes para el Bienestar (Fertilizers for Welfare) program.

Capacity

TotalAs of December 31, 2020, we owned four ammonia plants, one of which resumed operations in December 2019 after undergoing major maintenance. Two other plants are scheduled to undergo major maintenance from 2022 to 2025. Additionally, our remaining plant likewise requires further rehabilitation. The scheduling of this rehabilitation depends on the availability of budgetary resources.

The total ammonia production capacity of our operating plants for the three years ended December 31, 20182020 was distributed among our facilities as set forth below.below:

Ethylene Segment’s ProductionFertilizers’ Total Capacity

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2016   2017   2018 
   (in thousands of tons) 

Petrochemical Facility

  

Cangrejera(1)

   1,321.3    1,321.3    1,321.3 

Morelos

   2,277.2    2,277.2    2,277.2 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   3,598.5    3,598.5    3,598.5 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Year ended December 31, 
Petrochemical Complexes  2018   2019   2020 
   (thousands of tons) 

Cosoleacaque (ammonia)

   1,440    1,440    1,440 

 

Notes:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Our ethylene segment’s capacity in Cangrejera does not include products from the aromatics and derivatives chain. These products belong to Pemex Industrial Transformation.

Source:

Pemex Ethylene.Source: Pemex Fertilizers.

Production

The following table sets forthsummarizes the annual production of our ethylene segment’s productionfertilizers segment for the three years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Ethylene Segment’sFertilizers’ Production(1)

 

   Year ended December 31,     
               2018 
   2016   2017   2018   vs. 2017 
   (in thousands of tons)   (%) 

Ethane derivatives

   1,690.7    1,274.1    1,304.8    2.4 

Propylene and derivatives

   42.8    12.9    16.5    27.9 

Others

   795.2    597.0    509.0    (14.7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total(1)

   2,528.7    1,884.0    1,830.3    (2.9
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Year ended December 31,     
   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
   (thousands of tons)   (%) 

Methane Derivatives

        

Ammonia

   151    –      136    100.0 

Carbon dioxide

   372    7    283    3,942.9 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   523    7    419    5,885.7 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Figures include petrochemical products used as raw material to produce other petrochemicals.

Source:

Pemex BDI.

In 2018, our total due to rounding.

Source: Pemex BDI.

Total annual production of methane derivatives in the ethylene segment decreased 2.9%2020 increased by more than 100%, from 1,884.07 thousand tons in 20172019 to 1,830.3419 thousand tons in 2018, primarily2020. This increase was mainly due to the renewed production of ammonia and carbon dioxide as of February 2020, due to a decreasenatural gas supply agreement signed with CFEnergía S.A. de C.V., an affiliate of CFE, in the national supply of ethane, which impacts the production of ethylene and its derivatives, in particular linearlow-density polyethylene.

During 2018, Pemex Ethylene reengineered its refrigerated terminal to provide ethane refrigeration rather than ethylene refrigeration, which allows us to import ethane, a raw material necessarily for our operations of which we have had a domestic shortage in recent years. We began to import ethane in January 2018. Our Cangrejera Low Density Polyethylene Plant experienced growth in production, with 2018 production volume increasing 30.0% as compared to 2017, which was primarily due to increased operative reliability and an increased supply of raw materials due to our new capacity to import ethane.

Domestic Sales

The following table sets forth our ethylene segment’s domestic sales for the three years ended December 31, 2018.

Value of Ethylene Segment’s Domestic Sales(1)

   Year ended December 31,     
               2018 vs. 
   2016   2017   2018   2017 
   (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%) 

Ethane derivatives

   Ps. 14,539.4    Ps. 12,252,7   Ps. 12,472.8    1.8 

Propylene and derivatives

   788.3    340.7    314.4    (7.7

Others

   64.8    28.3    45.9    62.2 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps. 15,392.5    Ps. 12,621.7    Ps. 12,833.2    1.7 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes value added tax.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source:

Pemex BDI.

In 2018, the value of our domestic sales increased by 1.7% from Ps. 12,621.7 million in 2017 to Ps. 12,833.2 million in 2018. This increase was primarily due to an increase in income from sales of glycols andlow-density polyethylene. In 2018, the volume of our domestic sales decreased by 1.5% as compared to 2017 figures.

On June 27 2018, Pemex Ethylene successfully concluded its second auction to allocate the supply of ethylene oxide, which is a derivative of ethane. Eleven customers, including domestic ethoxylation companies and import brokers, participated in the auction, which resulted in 98.0 % of the available volume being placed at a fair market price.2019.

Sales to other Subsidiary Entities

The following table sets forth the intercompany sales of petrochemical products for the threefive years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Ethylene Segment’sEthylene’s Intercompany Sales(1)

 

  Year ended December 31,     
                      2018 vs.        
         2017        
   Year ended December 31,     
          2016                   2017                   2018           2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
  

(in millions of pesos)(2)

   (%)   (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%) 

Ethane and derivatives

   Ps. 109.8    Ps.     1.1    Ps.   2.5    127.3   Ps.2.9   Ps. 1.1   Ps.2.5   Ps.3.8   Ps.0.5    (86.8

Others

   457.8    284.2    62.5    (78.2) 

Others(3)(4)

   480.6    284.2    62.0    —      —      —   
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   Ps. 567.6    Ps. 285.3    Ps. 64.5    (77.4)   Ps.483.5   Ps.285.3   Ps.64.5   Ps.3.8   Ps.0.5    (86.8
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes value added tax.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

(3)

Includes diethylene glycol, ethylene, hydrogen, ethylene pyrolysis liquids, monoethylene glycol, nitrogen and anhydrous ammonia.

(4)

Figures do not consider sales to Pemex Industrial Transformation as of July 1, 2019.

Source:Source: Pemex Ethylene.BDI.

In 2018,2020, our intercompany sales decreased by 77.4%,86.8% as compared to 2019, from Ps. 285.33.8 million in 20172019 to Ps. 64.50.5 million in 2018.2020. This decrease was primarilymainly due to a reduction in the sales volume of intercompany sales of nitrogen, hydrogentriethylene glycol to Pemex Exploration and pyrolysis gasoline in 2018, as compared to 2017, mainly because Pemex Industrial Transformation did not purchase any pyrolysis gasoline in 2018. We addressed this change in intercompany demand by exporting our products.Production.

Ethylene Capital Expenditures and Budget

Our ethylene segmentbusiness invested Ps. 975Ps.137 million in capital expenditures in 2018,2020 and has budgeted Ps. 300Ps.2,380 million for capital expenditures in 2019.2021.

The following table sets forth our ethylene segment’sbusiness’ capital expenditures, excludingnon-capitalizable maintenance, for each of the three years ended December 31, 2018,31,2020, and the budget for 2019.2021. Capital expenditure amounts are derived from our budgetary records, which are prepared on a cash basis. Accordingly, these capital expenditure amounts do not correspond to capital expenditure amounts included in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Ethylene’s Capital Expenditures

 

   Year ended December 31,(1)     
       2016           2017           2018           Budget    
    2019(2)     
 
   (in millions of pesos)(3) 

Ethylene(4)

        

Modernization of Fire Protection Network at Cangrejera PC

   Ps. 71    Ps. 68    Ps. 171    Ps. — 

Modernization and Expansion of Production Capacity of Ethane Derivatives Chain I at Morelos PC

   3        168     

Maintaining the Production Capacity of the Swing Plant2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   6    16    78     

Sustainability of the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Plant at Morelos PC

   3    43    75    62 

Acquisition of Catalysts for Pemex Ethylene Plants

           72    56 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ethylene Oxide Plant2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   23    49    69    23 

Maintenance program of the Capacity of the Low Density Polyethylene plant at Cangrejera PC

       64    48     

Maintenance Program of the Ethylene Plant at Cangrejera PC

       39    48     

Rehabilitation of Maintenance Areas to Support Production at Cangrejera PC

   20    82    47     

Modernization and Optimization of Infrastructure and Auxiliary Services I at Cangrejera PC

   105    74    43     

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Asahi Plant2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   4    13    26    14 

Maintenance program for the production capacity of the Ethylene Oxide plant at Cangrejera PC

       2    20    49 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Auxiliary Services at Morelos PC

   17    4    18     

Maintaining the Production Capacity of the Mitsui plant2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   8    14    8    23 

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Oxide Plant at Cangrejera PC

   103    38    3     

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ethylene Plant2013-2015 at Morelos PC

   122             

Safety and Environmental Protection Based on Observations and Regulations IV at Morelos PC

   43    1         

Maintaining Production Capacity of the Low Density Polyethylene Plant

   40    67         

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ethane Derivatives Chain II at Morelos PC

   38    1         

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Auxiliary Services II

   27    16         

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Auxiliary Services III

   17    8         

Maintaining the Production Capacity of the Ethane Derivatives Chain III at Morelos PC

   8    1         

Others

   88    18    81    73 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

       Ps. 746        Ps. 618        Ps. 975        Ps. 300
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Year ended December 31(1)   Budget
2021(2)
 
   2018   2019   2020 
   (in millions of pesos)(3) 

Ethylene(4)

        

Maintenance Program of the Capacity of the Low Density Polyethylene Plant at Cangrejera PC

  Ps.48   Ps.63   Ps.47   Ps.259 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Auxiliary Services at Morelos PC

   18    —      47    115 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ethylene Oxide Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   69    62    12    —   

Maintenance to the PC Independencia 2019-2023

   —      —      5    26 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of the Swing Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   78    22    4    —   

Maintenance Program of the Ethylene Plant at Cangrejera PC

   48    4    3    78 

Modernization of Fire Protection Network at Cangrejera PC

   171    16    2    —   

Sustainability of the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Plant at Morelos PC

   75    26    —      —   

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Asahi Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   26    14    —      —   

Maintaining the Production Capacity of the Mitsui Plant 2015-2017 at Morelos PC

   8    8    —      —   

Maintenance Program for the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Oxide Plant at Cangrejera PC

   20    2    —      270 

Modernization and Expansion of Production Capacity of Ethane Derivatives Chain I at Morelos PC

   168    —      —      —   

Acquisition of Catalysts for Pemex Ethylene Plants

   72    —      —      —   

Rehabilitation of Maintenance Areas to Support Production at Cangrejera PC

   47    —      —      9 

Modernization and Optimization of Infrastructure and Auxiliary Services I at Cangrejera PC

   43    —      —      —   

Maintenance of the Production Capacity of the Ethylene Oxide Plant at Cangrejera PC

   3    —      —      —   

Maintenance for the Sustaining of the Operational Capacity of the Process Plants of the PC Morelos 2020

   —      —      —      1,385 

Maintenance for the Sustaining of the Operational Capacity of the Auxiliary Services Plants of the PC Cangrejera

   —      —      —      141 

Others

   81    1    17    97 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps. 975   Ps. 219   Ps.137   Ps.2,380 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Notes:

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

PC = Petrochemical Complex.

PC = Petrochemical Complex.

(1)

Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.

(2)

OriginalAn adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.November 30, 2020.

(3)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

(4)

Capital expenditures were made for certain projects in years following the original term indicated in the project title.

Source:

 Petróleos Mexicanos.

Joint Venture with MexichemSource: Petróleos Mexicanos.

Petroquímica Mexicana de Vinilo S.A.

Fertilizers

Prior to January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of C.V. (PMV)January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers was a joint venture ofmerged into Pemex Industrial Transformation. Therefore, our fertilizers segment operated through the Vinyl Business Group of Mexichem, S.A.B. de C.V. (Mexichem)productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Fertilizers until December 31, 2020, and PPQ Cadena Productiva S.L. (PPQ), a subsidiary of Pemex Ethylene. On December 20, 2017, Mexichem announced that the Board of Directors of PMV decided not to rebuild its Vinyl Monochloride (VCM) production capacity, as the plant was damaged in a 2016 explosion. Therefore, the joint venture’s VCM production, and the assets and liabilities associated with ethylene production and auxiliary services associated with VCM and ethylene were classified as discontinued operations.

On November 30, 2018, we concluded the sale of our total 44.09% interest in PMV and total 44.09% interest in PMV Minera, S.A. de C.V. (PMV Minera) to Mexichem. These sales were recorded as investments in joint ventures and associates. The sale price for PMV was Ps. 3,198.6 million and the sale price for PMV Minera was Ps. 53.7 million. We recognized a gain of Ps. 689.3 million and Ps. 1.6 million, respectively.

Drilling and Services

Our drilling and services segment operates through the productivestate-owned subsidiary Pemex DrillingIndustrial Transformation as of January 1, 2021 as a line of business.    

Our fertilizers business integrates the ammonia production chain up to the point of sale of fertilizers, including agricultural and Servicesindustrial nitrates, phosphate fertilizers and provides drilling, completion,acids, which are produced by Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. Our subsidiary work-overPro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V. began to intermittently produce urea beginning in April 2020. Pro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V. ceased operations in the second half of December 2020 due to interruption in the supply of raw materials.

As part of the merger between Pemex Fertilizers and Pemex Industrial Transformation, we intend to integrate the production chain from natural gas to ammonia to fertilizers through the integration of our Cosoleacaque petrochemical complex. We believe this integration will allow us to offer a wide range of fertilizers, nitrogen and phosphates at competitive prices. We expect the development of new distribution channels to bring the supply of ammonia and fertilizers closer to industrial and agricultural producers throughout the country. In order to satisfy small agricultural producers demand for urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP), distribution is realized in coordination with the Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, or SADER) under the framework of the Mexican Government’s Fertilizantes para el Bienestar (Fertilizers for Welfare) program.

Capacity

As of December 31, 2020, we owned four ammonia plants, one of which resumed operations in December 2019 after undergoing major maintenance. Two other servicesplants are scheduled to undergo major maintenance from 2022 to 2025. Additionally, our remaining plant likewise requires further rehabilitation. The scheduling of this rehabilitation depends on the availability of budgetary resources.

The total ammonia production capacity of our operating plants for wellsthe years ended December 31, 2020 was distributed among our facilities as set forth below:

Fertilizers’ Total Capacity

   Year ended December 31, 
Petrochemical Complexes  2018   2019   2020 
   (thousands of tons) 

Cosoleacaque (ammonia)

   1,440    1,440    1,440 

Source: Pemex Fertilizers.

Production

The following table summarizes the annual production of our fertilizers segment for the three years ended December 31, 2020.

Fertilizers’ Production

   Year ended December 31,     
   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
   (thousands of tons)   (%) 

Methane Derivatives

        

Ammonia

   151    –      136    100.0 

Carbon dioxide

   372    7    283    3,942.9 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   523    7    419    5,885.7 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Source: Pemex BDI.

Total annual production of methane derivatives in offshore2020 increased by more than 100%, from 7 thousand tons in 2019 to 419 thousand tons in 2020. This increase was mainly due to the renewed production of ammonia and onshore fields. During 2018, this segment mainly provided drilling servicescarbon dioxide as of February 2020, due to Pemex Exploration and Production, but also provided services tothird-party clients.

During 2018, we drilled 115 wells, 75 onshore and 40 offshore; completed 91 wells, 55 onshore and 36 offshore; and made542 work-overs, 446 onshore and 96 offshore. Of the wells completed, one was for CONAGUA. Those services were performeda natural gas supply agreement signed with CFEnergía S.A. de C.V., an averageaffiliate of 78 drilling andwork-over rigs, 46 terrestrial and 32 marine, including both owned and leased equipment. Moreover, we conducted 20,312 well servicesCFE, in 2018,December 2019.

Sales of which 50.2% were wireline operations, 29.0% were cementing jobs, 16.5% were logging operations and perforations and 4.4% were coiled tubing operations. Fertilizers

The following table sets forth the value of our domestic sales of our fertilizers segment for the three years ended December 31, 2020.

Value of Fertilizers’ Domestic Sales(1)

   Year ended December 31,     
   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
   (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%) 

Methane Derivatives

        

Ammonia

   Ps.5,544.3    Ps.3,642.8    Ps.1,890.3    (48.1

Carbon dioxide

   56.8    —      29.4    100.0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps. 5,601.1    Ps. 3,642.8    Ps. 1,919.8    (47.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes value added tax.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source: Pemex BDI.

In addition, we provided drilling and services2020 the value of domestic sales in our fertilizers segment decreased by 47.3%, from Ps. 3,642.8 million in 2019 to external customers such as CONAGUA, Marinsa, Latina, Fieldwood and Key Energy.

Given the slight recoveryPs. 1,919.8 million in 2020. This decrease was mainly due to reduced demand for ammonia because of the oil and gas industry,COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on industrial activities, as well as market losses due to production shortages of ammonia, which lasted for more than 17 months.

Volume of sales

The following table sets forth the demandvalue of our domestic sales for well drilling and services increased in 2018 by approximately 23.6% as comparedthe three years ended December 31, 2020.

Volume of Fertilizers’ Domestic Sales

   Year ended December 31,     
   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
   (thousands of tons)   (%) 

Methane Derivatives

        

Ammonia

   771.7    581.9    284.3    (51.1

Carbon dioxide

   151.3    0.1    150.3    150,200.0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   923.0    582.0    434.6    (25.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to 2017. In 2019, we expect well interventions to increase by approximately 61.8% compared to 2018, and we expect to operate an average of 119 rigs—73 land and 46 marine—including both owned and leased equipment, which represents a 52.6% increase as compared to 2018. Of these, we expect that 48 land and 9 marine will be rigs we own, which is a 21.3% increase as compared to 2018.

In 2018, in accordance with ourPrograma de Modernización de la Infraestructura de Perforación (Drilling Infrastructure Modernization Program), we carried out the modernization of two drilling land rigs of 2,000 horsepower for an amount of Ps. $803.6 million.rounding.

Drilling and ServicesSource: Pemex BDI.

Fertilizers Capital Expenditures

Our drilling and servicesfertilizers segment invested Ps. 1,388175 million onin capital expenditures in 2018 and has budgeted Ps. 1,295 million2020. The fertilizers budget for capital expenditures2021 is included in 2019.the budget of Pemex Industrial Transformation due to the merger of Pemex Fertilizers into Pemex Industrial Transformation, which took place on January 1, 2021.

The following table sets forth our drilling and servicesfertilizers segment’s capital expenditures, excludingnon-capitalizable maintenance, for each of the three years ended December 31, 2018, and the budget for 2019.2020. Capital expenditure amounts are derived from our budgetary records, which are prepared on a cash basis. Accordingly, these capital expenditure amounts do not correspond to capital expenditure amounts included in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Drilling and Services’

Fertilizers’ Capital Expenditures

 

   Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget 
   2016   2017   2018   2019(2) 
   (in millions of pesos)(3) 

Drilling and Services

        

Acquisition of TwoJack-Up Platforms

   Ps.    772    Ps.    794    Ps.    804    Ps.        834 

Acquisition of NineLand-Based Drilling Rigs

   340    352    353    386 

Drilling Rig Equipment and Well Service Equipment Maintenance Program

   74    96    83    49 

Acquisition of Two Modular Drilling Rigs

       3    2     

Acquisition of Modernization Equipment for Drilling and Repair of Wells

               25 

Others

   1,501    307    146     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     Ps.    2,688      Ps.    1,550      Ps.    1,388              Ps.  1,295 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget
2021(2)(3)
 
   2018   2019   2020 
   (in millions of pesos)(4) 

Fertilizers

        

Maintenance to Transportation, Handling and Storage Areas at Cosoleacaque PC

  Ps.—     Ps.111   Ps.100    n.a. 

Maintenance to Receipt, Storage and Distribution Areas at Salina Cruz Refrigerated Ammonia Terminal

   —      54    20    n.a. 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ammonia Plant VII and its Auxiliary Services at Cosoleacaque PC

   22    5    17    n.a. 

Maintenance of Refrigeration and Ammonia Storage Plant No. 2 of the Pajaritos Refrigerated Terminal

   30    4    12    n.a. 

Rehabilitation of Ammonia Plant IV and Integration and Auxiliary Services for Cosoleacaque PC

   11    0    11    n.a. 

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ammonia Plant VI at Cosoleacaque PC

   18    0    8    n.a. 

Maintenance to Cryogenic Ammonia Storage Plant No. 1 at Pajaritos Refrigerated Terminal

   —      1    5    n.a. 

Maintenance to Storage and Distribution Areas at Cosoleacaque PC

   72    —      2    n.a. 

Rehabilitation of Ammonia Plant No. V, at Cosoleacaque PC

   38    5    —      n.a. 

Rehabilitation of Primary Reformers and Auxiliary Ammonia Plant VI and VII at Cosoleacaque PC

   138    23    —      n.a. 

Others

   2    —      —      n.a. 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.331   Ps.203   Ps.175    n.a. 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)        Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.PC = Petrochemical Complex.

(2)        Original budget published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.n.a. = Not applicable.

(3)        

(1)

Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.

(2)

An adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on November 30, 2020.

(3)

As a result the merger of Pemex Fertilizers into Pemex Industrial Transformation on January 1, 2021, our fertilizers segment ceased to operate as a separate segment, but rather was consolidated as a line of business within our industrial transformation segment. 2020 budget figures for our fertilizers line of business are included within our capital expenditures for our industrial transformation segment. See “Item 4—History and Development—Capital Expenditures.”

(4)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos.

Fertilizers Budget

Our fertilizers line of business budgeted Ps. 200 million in capital expenditures for 2021.

As of January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation. As a result, the capital expenditures for our fertilizers business are presented as a separate segment for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 (See “Item 4—Fertilizers—Fertilizers Capital Expenditures”) and as a line of business within our industrial transformation segment for 2021.

Fertilizers’ Budget

Year Ended December 31,(1)
2021(2)
(in millions of pesos)(3)

Fertilizers

Maintenance to Transportation, Handling and Storage Areas at Cosoleacaque PC

Ps.97

Maintaining the Production Capacity of Ammonia Plant VII and its Auxiliary Services at Cosoleacaque PC

25

Maintenance to Storage and Distribution Areas at Cosoleacaque PC

23

Maintenance of Refrigeration and Ammonia Storage plant No. 2 of the Pajaritos Refrigerated Terminal

21

Rehabilitation of Ammonia Plant No. V, at Cosoleacaque PC

18

Maintenance to Cryogenic Ammonia Storage Plant No. 1 at Pajaritos Refrigerated Terminal

16

Others

—  

Total

Ps.200

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

PC = Petrochemical Complex.

(1)

Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.

(2)

An adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on November 30, 2020.

(3)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos.

Pro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V. Complex

In 2014, we acquired a non-operating nitrogen fertilizer production facility located in Pajaritos, Veracruz. After the acquisition, we initiated a major rehabilitation project that involved the restoration of our rotating, static and mechanical equipment and the rehabilitation of a carbon dioxide compression station and a pipeline. The Pro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V. complex rehabilitation was completed in the second quarter of 2018. While tests were started at that time, production could not be stabilized because of the discontinuous operation of our Cosoleacaque petrochemical complex due to a shortage of natural gas for use as raw material, which led to an insufficient supply of ammonia and carbon dioxide. The Pro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V. complex began to intermittently produce urea beginning in April 2020. The complex ceased operations in the second half of December 2020 due to interruption in the supply of raw materials. We resumed operations at the Urea I plant in April 2021.

Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V.

Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. produces fertilizers, primarily phosphates, as well as acids and other agricultural and industrial nitrates, and operates an industrial complex located in Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán. Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V.’s total production capacity for the three years ended December 31, 2020 is as set forth below.

Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V.’s Total Capacity

   Year ended December 31, 
   2018   2019   2020 
   (thousands of tons) 

Nitrate and phosphates

   1,225    1,178    1,109 

Source: Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. Group

Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V.’s total production for the three years ended December 31, 2020 is set forth below.

Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V.’s Production

   Year ended December 31,     
   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
   (thousands of tons)   (%) 

Phosphates

   880.7    783.9    730.4    (6.8

Nitrate

   225.1    200.7    164.9    (17.8

Others

   23.3    1.4    11.7    735.7 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   1,129.1    986.0    907.0    (8.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Source: Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. Group

The following table sets forth the value of Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V.’s domestic sales for the three years ended December 31, 2020.

Value of Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V.’s Domestic Sales(1)

   Year ended December 31,     
   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs. 2019 
   (in millions of pesos)(2)   (%) 

Phosphates

   Ps.1,576.1    Ps.2,177.2    Ps.2,437.0    11.9 

Nitrates

   1,316.9    1,076.7    2,013.7    87.0 

Ammonia

   1,168.2    1,002.5    783.7    (21.8

Sulfur

   158.7    124.1    72.2    (41.8

Sulfuric Acid

   2.5    2.1    10.1    381.0 

Others

   32.6    27.8    37.4    34.5 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps.4,255.0    Ps.4,410.4    Ps.5,354.1    21.4 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes value added tax.

(2)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source: Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. Group.

The increase in our sales in 2020 was mainly due to higher volume in domestic phosphates sales and higher margins due to the appreciation of fertilizer prices in the global market beginning in the last quarter of 2020. Nevertheless, the average reference price for DAP in 2020 was 6.5% lower than the reference price in 2019.

In 2020, our average operating capacity was 81.8% of our total production capacity. Due to cash flow restrictions, we were not able to make the capital expenditures required to fulfill the operational needs of our facilities located in Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán and our mining unit located in San Juan de la Costa, Baja California Sur.

Since 2019, together with SADER, Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. has been a direct participant in the Mexican Government’s Fertilizers for Welfareprogram, providing fertilizers to small agriculture producers. The pilot program launched in 2019 and was implemented in the state of Guerrero. The program represents a change in Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V.’s distribution and commercialization paradigm in the Mexican fertilizers market. We expanded the program in 2020, reaching not only the state of Guerrero, but Morelos, Puebla and Tlaxcala, as well. In total, we distributed 178,736 metric tons of fertilizer to these communities.

Collaboration and Other Agreements

On March 24, 2020, we entered into a collaboration agreement with SADER to carry out activities to support the acquisition, supply and distribution of fertilizers and the provision of technical, legal and human resources within the Fertilizers for Welfare program until September 30, 2024. This broad agreement of technological and scientific collaboration is strictly non-commercial, i.e., there is no transfer of resources among the parties.

Logistics

Our logistics segment operates through the productivestate-owned subsidiary Pemex Logistics and provides land, maritime and pipeline transportation, storage and distribution services to some of our subsidiary entitiessubsidiaries and to other companies, including CFE,Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares, CENAGAS,Tesoro, local gas stations and distributors.

Transportation of Crude Oil and Refined Products

During 2018,2020, we injected approximately 1,581.51,140.6 thousand barrels per day of crude oil and petroleum products into our pipelines, representing a 16.2%12.2% decrease as compared to 20172019 when we injected 1,887approximately 1,299.4 thousand barrels per day, mainly due to controlled operations aimed at reducing fuel theft in our pipeline transportation systems in accordance with our strategy to combat fuel theft, in addition to the decrease in sales as a reduction inresult of the volume of crude oil processed in the National Refining System and the illicit market in fuels that caused temporary closures of certain pipelines. Of the total amount of crude oil and petroleum products thatCOVID-19 pandemic.

During 2020, we injected in 2018, 74.5% was transported by pipeline, 7.5% by tanker and the remaining 18.0% by land transport.

During 2018, we injected 139.1134.2 thousand barrels per day of LPG, representing a 0.7%1.1% increase as compared to the 138.1132.7 thousand barrels per day of LPG injected in 2019, due to the increase in transportation of liquefied gas by pipeline. In addition, we injected 3.8 thousand barrels per day of petrochemicals in 2020, a decrease of 11.6% as compared to the 4.3 thousand barrels per day we injected in 2018. 2019. This decrease was mainly due to the decreased demand for isobutane at the Minatitlán and Salina Cruz refineries.

In addition,2020, we injected 2.4transported a total of 1,804.3 thousand barrels per day of petrochemicals, an increase of 4.3% as compared to the 2.3petroleum products: 1,278.7 thousand barrels per day we injected in 2017. These increases(70.9%) were mainly due to an increase in imports of isobutanetransported by Pemex Industrial Transformation.

As of 2016, natural gas transportation is carried out by CENAGAS, with the support of Pemex Logistics through an operation and maintenance contract. During 2018, we transported approximately 5,070.9 million cubic feetpipeline systems, 361.4 thousand barrels per day of natural gas, a 2.4% decrease compared to(20%) were transported by land and the 5,195.1 million cubic feetremaining 164.2 thousand barrels per day we(9.1%) were transported in 2017, mainly due to a decrease in the volume of natural gas transported to the CFE and Pemex Industrial Transformation.by tankers

Treatment and Primary Logistic

WeIn 2020, we received an average of 1,315.21,233.0 thousand barrels per day of crude oil for treatment, which consists of dehydration and desalination, in 2018,representing a decrease of 5.8% as compared to 1,421.21,309.2 thousand barrels per day in 2017, which represents a2019.This decrease of 7.5%, mainlywas due to lowerreduced crude oil production by Pemex Exploration and Production. During 2018,2020, we delivered an average of 804.5593.5 thousand barrels of crude oil per day were delivered to the National Refining System and 554.71,088.4 thousand barrels of crude oil per day were delivered to the export terminals.

During 2018,2020, we transported an average of 3,096.93,250.0 million cubic feet per day of natural gas through the Altamira, Misión, Santuario and Gas Marino Mesozoico transportation systems, as compared to the 3,415.83,388.3 million cubic feet per day in 2017, which represents2019, representing a 9.3%4.1% decrease, partially due to a decrease in natural gas production by Pemex Exploration and Production and Pemex Industrial Transformation having to reject a certain volume of wet sour gas due to its nitrogen content.Production. In addition, we transported an average of 23.919.8 thousand barrels per day of condensate by the Misión and Condensado Terrestre Sur transportation systems compared to 27.919.8 thousand barrels per day in 2017,2019, which represents a 14.3% decrease, partially due to a decrease in natural gas production by Pemex Exploration and Production.did not represent any variation.

During 2018,2020, we had six14 leak and spill events, none of which were significant.

Open Season

During 2017, under the guidelines issued by the CRE, Pemex Logistics began participating in “Open Season” auctions, which are intended to be transparent and competitive auctions for access to our pipelines and storage infrastructure, wherein any participant can compete to offer its services.

On May 2, 2017, followingAs a result of the first Open Season auction, Andeavor (formerlystages 1.1 and 3.1 assigned in 2017 and 2018 respectively, Pemex Logistics provides services to Tesoro, Corporation), a U.S. company, was awarded athree-year contract at the assigned capacity at rates above the minimums set by us. On July 18, 2017, we signed the contracts with Andeavor, allowing it to use theusing our pipeline transport systems and storage system owned by usterminals in the states of Sonora, Sinaloa and Baja California. These contracts include access to theRosarito-Mexicali,Rosarito-Ensenada,Guaymas-Hermosillo andGuaymas-Ciudad Obregón pipelines, as well aspolyducts, and the Rosarito, Mexicali, La Paz and Ensenada storage terminals in Baja California andCalifornia; the Guaymas, Ciudad Obregón, Hermosillo, Magdalena, Nogales and Navojoa storage terminals in Sonora.Sonora; and the Mazatlán, Topolobampo and Guamúchil storage terminals in Sinaloa.

Also,On July 10, 2019, the CRE granted Pemex Logistics an extension to present the Open Season proposal regarding the available capacity of the remaining storage and pipeline transportation systems.

On September 26, 2019, Pemex Logistics presented to the CRE the Open Season proposal for all storage and transportation systems of petroleum products whose capacity has not been offered and, therefore, is not reserved under a capacity contract, or reserved by Pemex Logistics for its own use. This available capacity was grouped in continuationfive systems: the Veracruz, Centro, Salamanca, Madero and Progreso zones.

As a result of the Open Season, auctions,Pemex Logistics provides services to Tesoro through services allocated in Stage 1.1 and 3.1, in 2017 and 2018, respectively:

In Stage 1.1, Pemex Logistics entered into nine storage contracts and two oil pipeline contracts (gasoline and diesel) with Tesoro México in 2017. The contracts were for a period of three years and have all expired at this time.

The contracts for the provision of three storage terminals (Rosarito, Mexicali and Ensenada) and a system of polyducts from the Rosarito area expired on November 4, 2020. The remaining contracts for six storage terminals (Guaymas-Hermosillo, Cd. Obregón, Magdalena, Nogales and Navojoa) and the Guaymas area polyduct system expired on December 18, 2017,14, 2020.

We ented into a storage service contract with the CRE approvedTesoro México in the auction proceduresRosarito due to the presence of surplus inventories at the completion of operations in the Rosarito area. The contract allowed for Tesoro México to access the North Border Zone, Pacific Topolobampo Zone and North Zone Madero.

In Marchsurplus inventories until the end of 2018, we held anNovember 2020.

The Open Season auction for the North Border Zone system, which consists of three terminalsstage 3.1 storage and two pipeline sectionsdispatch terminal contracts are in the states of Coahuila and Tamaulipas. However, since no outside bids were received, the capacity for this sytem was assigned to Pemex Industrial Information.On July 24, 2018, following an Open Season auction for the Pacific Topolobampo Zone, Tesoro Mexico Supply & Marketing, S. de R.L. de C.V. (an affiliate of Andeavor) was awarded athree-year contract for the use of our storage terminals in Topolobampo, Culiacán, La Paz and Mazatlán.force until January 2022.

In July 2018, we commenced an Open Season auction for the Pacific-Gulf zone, which consists of the Lázaro Cárdenas, Uruapan, Acapulco, Iguala, Oaxaca, Tapachula II, Tuxtla Gutiérrez and Villahermosa storage terminals. The period to submit bids for this Open Season auction ended on August 27, 2018. However, since no outside bids were received, the capacity for this system was assigned toAgreements with Pemex Industrial Transformation.

Agreements were signed to extend the duration of Open season stage 1.1 for three more years in the three storage terminals (Rosarito, Mexicali and Ensenada) and a system of polyducts of the Rosarito area, which are now expected to be completed on October 5, 2023. The remaining contracts for six storage terminals (Guaymas-Hermosillo, Cd. Obregón, Magdalena, Nogales and Navojoa, and a system of polyducts from the Guaymas area, are all expected to be completed on November 14, 2023.

Transport and distributionDistribution

Our pipelines connect crude oil and natural gas production centers with refineries and petrochemical plants, and our storage terminals with Mexico’s major cities. At the end of 2018,2020, the pipeline network measured approximately 15,909.1 kilometers in length, of which 14,458.011,423.1 kilometers

are currently in operation, and 1,451.12,946.0 kilometers are temporarily out of operation and 1,540.0 kilometers are permanently out of operation. These pipelines may be temporarily out of operation because of a declinedecrease in the production of a field where the pipeline is located or because the transportation service is irregular, which makes its operation unprofitable. Once such circumstances are more favorable, the pipelines may become operational again. As of the date of this annual report, we are analyzing the 1,451.12,946.0 kilometers of pipelines that are temporarily out of operation to determine ifwhether and how they may be used in the future.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, the pipeline network of Pemex Logistics was distributed as follows:

 

Transported Product

  Length (km) 

Petroleum products

   8,427.9 

Crude Oil

   5,216.5 

LP Gas

   1,394.6 

Chemicals

   392.2 

Petrochemicals

   246.0 

Fuel Oil

   142.6 

Jet Fuel

   81.2 

Water

   8.1 
  

 

 

 

Total

   15,909.1 
  

 

 

 

We have implemented a pipeline integrity management plan, which requires us to keepmaintain detailed documentation on the condition of our pipelines in order to optimize our maintenance investments. The pipeline integrity management plan is based onNOM-027, as well as API RP 1160 for liquid hydrocarbons and ASME B31.8S standards for gas, and includes the following stages:

 

collection of detailed recordslogs and the development of a pipeline database;

 

categorization and identification of threats that could affect pipeline integrity, safety and operation;operation of pipelines;

 

identification of critical points in the pipeline;

 

risk assessment of pipelinethe reliability and integrity;integrity of pipelines;

 

planning and scheduling of maintenance and risk mitigation planning and programming;mitigation; and

 

ongoingcontinuous monitoring throughout all stages.

We have made considerable progress towards satisfying the requirements ofmeeting NOM-027 requirements on risk assessment and pipeline integrity. Specifically, asAs of December 31, 2018,2020, we have analyzed 100% of our overallnetwork of logistics pipeline network.pipelines. In addition, we have implemented several measures related to our pipeline integrity management plan, including by collecting information in order to create pipeline databases.

The results of our risk evaluation are as follows:

 

•  High Risk:

0.0 kilometers

•  Medium Risk:

3,453.0 kilometers

•  Low Risk:

12,456.1 kilometers

High Risk:           0 kilometers

Medium Risk:     4,230.3 kilometers

Low Risk:           12,895.0 kilometers

NotwithstandingDespite the implementation of our pipeline integrity management plan, we experienced 1727 leaks and spills in 2018.2020. The total number of incidents in 20182020 represented a decreasean increase of 10.5%8.0%, as compared to the 1925 incidents we experienced in 2017.2019. Of the 1727 incidents in our transportation pipelines, seven27 were due to a failure in the mechanical integrity of the pipelines, sevenone due to lack of an attachment and 26 were due tothird-party incidents and three were due to other factors. corrosion.

The transportation of crude oil, natural gas and other products through the pipeline network is subject to severalvarious risks, including risk of leakage and spills, explosions and the illicit market in fuels.fuel theft. In 2018,2020, we spent a total of Ps. 1,075.1192.1 million in expenditures for the rehabilitation and maintenance

of our pipeline network and we have budgeted Ps. 403.7301.5 million for these expenditures in 2019.2021. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Operations—We are an integrated oil and gas company and are exposed to production, equipment and transportation risks, blockades to our facilities and criminal acts and deliberate acts of terror” above.

Fleet Developments

In July of 2013, as part of a plan to modernize the fleet, we signed an agreement with the Secretaría de Marina - Marina—Armada de México (Mexican Navy)Navy, or SEMAR), valued at Ps. 3,212.1 million (U.S.$250.0 $250.0 million), for the construction of 22 marine vessels for our refining segment.business. This agreement initially included construction of 16 tugboats, three multipurpose vessels and three barges, but was modifiedamended in 2016 to remove the construction of the three barges and to extend the final delivery date to December 31, 2018.January 2022. This transaction is now valued at Ps. 4,705.05,061.4 million. As of December 31, 2018,2020, the Mexican Navy has delivered 11 tugboats. The remaining eight tugboats. Wevessels are currently in the process of further extending the contract for delivery of the remaining 11 vessels, subjectexpected to budget availability.be available January 2022.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, we owned 16 refined product tankers and leased one.tankers. We also own 19have 17 tugboats, 1,485 tankthree suppliers, 1,444 tanker trucks and 511 train tanktanker cars, as well as 7674 storage and distribution terminals, ten10 liquefied gas terminals, five maritime terminals and ten10 dock operation and maintenance facilities. These facilities, together with our pipeline network, constitute the hydrocarbons transportation and distribution infrastructure.

Our current fleet of refined product tankers includes 1716 vessels, six of which we own 16are owned by Pemex Logistics and lease one, and altogether we haveten of which are leased under financial leases, with a total transportation capacity of 5,071.35,035.5 thousand barrels. 68%62.5% of our vesselsships are located on the Pacific coast and 32%the other 37.5% are in the Gulf of Mexico. Of the capacity of the vesselsships located on the Pacific coast, 75%80.0% is used to transport distillates and 25%20.0% is used to transport fuel oil and heavy diesel. Of the capacity of the vesselsships located in the Gulf of Mexico, 88%83.3% is used for distillates and 12%16.7% is used for fuel oil and heavy diesel.

Logistics Capital Expenditures and Budget

Our logistics segment invested Ps. 5,0422,955 million in capital expenditures in 20182020 and has budgeted Ps. 1,2003,193 million in capital expenditures for 2019.2021.

The following table sets forth our logistics segment’s capital expenditures, excludingnon-capitalizable maintenance, for each of the three years ended December 31, 2018,2020, and the budget for 2019.2021. Capital expenditure amounts are derived from our budgetary records, which are prepared on a cash basis. Accordingly, these capital expenditure amounts do not correspond to capital expenditure amounts included in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Logistics’ Capital Expenditures

 

  Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget 
  2016   2017   2018   2019(2) 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

                                                                         
  Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget
2021(2)
 
  (in millions of pesos)(3)   2018   2019   2020 
  (in millions of pesos)(3) 

Logistics

                

Maintenance of TM Dos Bocas

   Ps. 917    Ps. 442    Ps. 553    Ps. 29 

Acquisition of 5 Tankers Vessel by Cash and/or by Leasing

   435    437    478    322 

Replacement of Vessel Tanks Nuevo Pemex I, II, III and IV by Acquisition and/or Leasing

   334    336    370    219 

Integrity Diagnostics and Adequacy of the Instrumented Safety Systems and the Basic Control of the Southeast Pumping Stations

   364    147    348    83 

Renewal of Tugs, Chalanes and Multipurpose Vessels of the Smaller Fleet

   68    46    253    0 

Acquisition of 1 Tanker in Cash and/or by Financial Lease

   83    87    97    43 

Altamira Integral System Maintenance Case

   85    43    92    124 

T M Dos Bocas – CCC Palomas Corridor

   276    76    91    355 

Maintenance of Pipeline Transportation Systems Permission 7 Oleos

   95    93    90    257 

Operational Reliability in the Assets of the Pipeline Sub-Directorate

   85    87    77    15 

Gas Marino-Mesozoico Transportation Systems

   64    6    76    285 

Maintenance of Pipeline Monitoring, Control Systems and Flow Measurement Systems of the National Distribution Network of Pemex Refineries

   185    54    66    20 

Maintenance of Pipelines Transportation Systems Permission 5 South, Gulf, Central and West Zones

   48    43    65    75 

Restoration, Standardization and Adaptation of the Docks of the TOMP Salina Cruz

   50    —      64    107 

Maintenance of Safety, Measurement, Control and Automation Systems in Storage and Distribution Terminals

   91    10    57    —   

Maintenance of the Mission System

   55    61    31    68 

Major Rehabilitations for the Sustaining of the Vessels of the Major Fleet Assigned to Pemex Logistics

   —      —      30    94 

Restoration, Standardization and Adaptation of the Docks of the TOMP Pajaritos

   —      —      9    88 

Evaluation and Rehabilitation of the Mechanical Integrity of the Poza Rica-Salamanca and Nuevo Teapa- Tula-Salamanca Pipelines

   6    —      5    —   

Rehabilitations of Support Vessels for the Nautical Operation Assigned to Pemex Logistics

   —      —      2    21 

Implementation of the SCADA System in 47 Pipeline Transportation Systems

   45    13    —      —   

Evaluation and Rehabilitation of the Mechanical Integrity of the Pipelines in Northern and Pacific Zones

   105    2    —      —   

Evaluation and Rehabilitation of the Mechanical Integrity of the Turbosine, Diesel, Gasoline and Fuel Oil Pipelines and Gas Pipelines in the Central Zone

   204    1    —      —   

Larger Fleet Modernization

   Ps. 583    Ps. 645    Ps. 604    Ps. —    604    —      —      —   

Acquisition of 5 Tankers Vessel by Cash and/or by leasing

   427    431    435     

Replacement of Vessel Tanks Nuevo Pemex I, II, III and IV by Acquisition and/or Leasing

   326    332    334     

Evaluation and Rehabilitation of the Mechanical Integrity of the Turbosine, Diesel, Gasoline and Fuel Oil Pipelines and Gas Pipelines in the Central Zone

   109    80    204     

Evaluation and Rehabilitation of the Mechanical Integrity of the Pipelines in Northern and Pacific Zones

   251    316    105    20 

Maintenance of Safety, Measurement, Control andAuto-mation Systems in Storage and Distribution Terminals

   452    235    91    87 

Renewal of Tugs, Chalanes and Multipurpose Vessels of the Smaller Fleet

   495    258    68     

Evaluation and Rehabilitation of the Mechanical Integrity of the Pipelines NuevoTeapa-Madero-Cadereyta

   193    88    65     

Implementation of the SCADA System in 47 Pipeline Transportation Systems

   270    78    45    72 

Evaluation and Rehabilitation of the Mechanical Integrity of the Nuevo Teapa-Madero-Cadereyta Pipelines

   65    —      —      —   

Refurbishment, Modification and Modernization of Pumping and Compression Stations Nationwide

   476    95    7        7    —      —      —   

Modernization of the Instrumented Security and Basic Control Systems of the Pumping Stations and Product Receipt Northern Zone

   110    6    7        7    —      —      —   

Evaluation and Rehabilitation of the Mechanical Integrity of the Pipeline’s PozaRica-Salamanca and NuevoTeapa-Tula-Salamanca

   347    6    6     

Integral Maintenance of Pipeline Systems for Natural Gas and LPG, Stage II

   172    205         

Capitalized Maintenance for the Pajaritos Storage and Port Services Terminal and Pajaritos Storage and Dispatch Terminal

   —      —      —      495 

Natural Gas Transportation from Jáltipan to Salina Cruz Refinery

   31    12            —      —      —      177 

Maintenance of Marine Facilities

   28    11         

Others

   2,745    2,120    3,072    1,021 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   Ps. 7,015    Ps. 4,917    Ps. 5,042    Ps. 1,200 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
Maintenance of 7 Storage Terminals under Pacific Regional Logistics Management: TAD Obregón, Guaymas, Hermosillo, La Paz, Magdalena, Navojoa and Nogales and 2 Storage and Port Services Terminals (TASP) Guaymas and La Paz   —      —      —      86 

   Year ended December 31,(1)   Budget
2021(2)
 
   2018   2019   2020 
   (in millions of pesos)(3) 
Maintenance of 5 Terminals: TAD Poza Rica, Tierra Blanca, Jalapa, Perote and Veracruz   —      —      —      82 
Capitalized Maintenance to 7 Storage Terminals under North Regional Logistics Management: TAD Santa Catarina, Chihuahua, Cd. Juárez, Parral, Saltillo, Gómez Palacio Durango   —      —      —      66 
Capitalized Maintenance to 7 Storage Terminals under Pacific Regional Logistics Management: TAD Rosarito, Ensenada, Mexicali, Topolobampo, Mazatlán, Culiacán and Guamúchil   —      —      —      38 

Others

   764    134    101    44 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.5,042   Ps.2,118   Ps.2,955   Ps.3,193 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Notes:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

TM = Terminal Marítima (Marine Terminal).

TOMP = Terminal de Operación Marítima y Portuaria (Maritime and Port Operation Terminal).

TAD = Terminal de Almacenamiento y Distribución (Storage and Distribution Terminal).

(1)

Amounts based on cash basis method of accounting.

(2)

OriginalAn adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.November 30, 2020.

(3)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source:

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos.

CENAGAS

Pursuant to the Hydrocarbons Law, on August 11, 2014, CENAGAS was created as a decentralized public entity of the Mexican Government to act as the independent administrator of the Integrated Natural Gas System. This system interconnects the infrastructure for the storage and transportation of natural gas across the nation, with the aim of expanding coverage, strengthening security measures and improving the continuity, quality and efficiency in transportation service. As an integrated system of transportation systems owned by CENAGAS or other participating companies, the Integrated Natural Gas System functions as a primary transportation service supplier in Mexico with standardized fares. Within this system, theSistema Nacional de Gasoductos (National Gas Pipelines System) acts as the commercial administrator for the total available capacity of the Integrated Natural Gas System. In order for a transportation system to become part of the Integrated Natural Gas System, its transport capacity must enhance the Integrated Natural Gas System’s flow capacity and improve the overall transportation service provided to users.

On October 29, 2015, we signed a transfer agreement with CENAGAS for the transfer to CENAGAS of assets associated with the Integrated Natural Gas System and the distribution contract for theNaco-Hermosillo pipeline system. The National Gas Pipeline System has 87 pipelines with a total length of almost 9,000 kilometers and a transport capacity over 5,000 million cubic feet per day, while theNaco-Hermosillo system is a 300 kilometers long pipeline with a transport capacity of 90 million cubic feet per day. The approximate aggregate book value of these assets, which were transferred to CENAGAS on January 1, 2016, was Ps. 7,450 million as of December 31, 2018.

On December 29, 2016, we entered into two agreements with CENAGAS pursuant to which we continued toWe provide operation and maintenance services and commercial operation services to CENAGAS during 2018. Both agreements, which, as of December 31, 2018, have a total value of Ps. 3,045.0 million and Ps. 116.3 million, respectively, initially had a term of one year and are automatically renewed for one year unless either party gives advance notice to the contrary. The agreements for nine of the 21 pipeline subsystems have been terminated as a result of a new services bidding strategy implemented by CENAGAS. However, Pemex Logistics subsequently won bids for three of these nine pipeline subsystems with an estimated contract value of Ps. 78.8 million and, as a result, continues to provide services to CENAGAS for 15 of theits 21 pipeline subsystems.

During 20182020 we obtained Ps. 3,577.62,682.4 million from our services provided to CENAGAS.

International Trading

PMI and the PMI subsidiariesSubsidiaries conduct international commercial activities for our crude oil, refined and petrochemical products, with the exception of natural gas, which is marketed directly by our industrial transformation segment.Pemex Industrial Transformation. The PMI subsidiaries’Subsidiaries’ main objectives are to assist in maximizing our profitability and optimizing our operations through international trade, facilitatingtrade. The PMI Subsidiaries facilitate our link with the international markets and pursuingpursue new business opportunities by marketing our products internationally. PMI and the PMI subsidiariesSubsidiaries manage the international sales of our crude oil and petroleum products and acquire in the international markets crude oil and thosethe petroleum products that we importrequired to satisfy domestic demand. Sales of our crude oil are carried out through PMI. Sales and purchasesTrading of crude oil and petroleum products in the international markets areis carried out through P.M.I. Trading DAC, which also performsthird-party trading, transportation and risk management activities.activities in alternative markets (customers and suppliers other than us).

Exports and Imports

PMI purchases crude oil from our explorationPemex Exploration and production segmentProduction and then sells it to PMI’s customers. PMI sold an average of 1,184.11,119.9 thousand barrels of crude oil per day in 2018,2020, which represented 64.9%65.6% of our total crude oil production.production, inclusive of condensed crude oil production and exclusive of amounts produced in conjunction with other partners.

The following tables set forth the composition and average prices of our crude oil exports for the periods indicated.

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2014   2015   2016   2017   2018 
   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%) 

Crude Oil Exports (by Volume)

                    

Olmeca(1) (API gravity of38°-39°)

   91.2    8.0    124.2    10.6    108.0    9.0    18.9    1.6         

Isthmus (API gravity of32°-33°)

   133.7    11.7    194.0    16.5    152.7    12.8    85.8    7.3    30.7    2.6 

Maya (API gravity of21°-22°)

   887.1    77.7    743.4    63.4    864.9    72.4    1,053.9    89.8    1,090.1    92.1 

Altamira (API gravity of15.0°-16.5°)

   27.2    2.4    27.7    2.4    23.6    2.0    15.3    1.3    19.9    1.7 

Talam (API gravity of-15.8º)

   3.0    0.3    83.1    7.1    45.2    3.8            43.5    3.7 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   1,142.2    100.0    1,172.4    100.0    1,194.3    100.0    1,173.9    100.0    1,184.1    100.0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Year ended December 31, 
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020 
   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%) 

Crude Oil Exports (by Volume)

                    

Olmeca(1) (API gravity of 38°-39°)

   108.0    9.0    18.9    1.6    —      —      —      —      —      —   

Isthmus (API gravity of 32°-33°)

   152.7    12.8    85.8    7.3    30.7    2.6    4.1    0.4    139.6    12.5 

Maya (API gravity of 21°-22°)

   864.9    72.4    1,053.9    89.8    1,090.0    92.1    985.0    89.3    908.7    81.1 

Altamira (API gravity of 15.0°-16.5°)

   23.6    2.0    15.3    1.3    19.9    1.7    20.7    1.9    18.4    1.6 
                    

Talam (API gravity of -15.8º)

   45.2    3.8    —      —      43.5    3.7    93.5    8.5    53.2    4.7 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   1,194.3    100.0    1,173.9    100.0    1,184.0    100.0    1,103.3    100.0    1,119.9    100.0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Notes:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

tbpd = thousand barrels per day.

API gravity refers to the specific gravity or density of liquid petroleum products, measured in degrees on the American Petroleum Institute (API) scale. On the API scale, oil with the lowest specific gravity has the highest API gravity. In addition, holding all other factors constant, the higher the API gravity, the greater the value of the crude oil.

tbpd = thousand barrels per day.

API gravity refers to the specific gravity or density of liquid petroleum products, measured in degrees on the American Petroleum Institute (API) scale. On the API scale, oil with the lowest specific gravity has the highest API gravity. In addition, holding all other factors constant, the higher the API gravity, the greater the value of the crude oil.

(1)

During 2018, 2019 and 2020 we used Olmeca crude oil for processing in our refineries and did not export Olmeca crude oil. However, it was used for processing in our refineries.

Source:

PMI operating statistics as of January 16, 2019.

  Year ended December 31, 
  2014  2015  2016  2017  2018 
  (U.S. dollars per barrel) 

Crude Oil Prices

     

Olmeca

  U.S. $93.54   U.S. $51.46   U.S. $39.71   U.S. $51.79   U.S $— 

Isthmus

  93.39   49.28   37.72   50.75   64.54 

Maya

  83.75   41.12   35.30   46.48   61.41 

Altamira

  81.31   36.19   30.35   39.45   57.81 

Talam

  36.74   36.40   28.44      58.91 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Weighted average realized price

      U.S. $85.48       U.S. $43.12       U.S. $35.65       U.S. $46.79   U.S. $61.34 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Source: PMI operating statistics as of January 16, 2019.7, 2021.

   Year ended December 31, 
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020 
   (U.S. dollars per barrel) 

Crude Oil Prices

          

Olmeca

  U.S. $39.71   U.S. $51.79   U.S. $—     U.S. $—     U.S. $—   

Isthmus

   37.72    50.75    64.54    57.12    37.37 

Maya

   35.30    46.48    61.47    55.75    36.14 

Altamira

   30.35    39.45    57.81    53.69    32.05 

Talam

   28.44    —      59.47    53.50    27.60 

Weighted average realized price

  U.S. $  35.65   U.S. $  46.79   U.S. $  61.41   U.S. $  55.53   U.S. $  35.82 

Source: PMI operating statistics as of January 7, 2021.

Geographic Distribution of Export Sales

As of December 31, 2018,2020, PMI had 3019 customers in 11five countries. In 2018, 56.6%2020, 58.9 % of our crude oil export sales were to customers in the United States and Canada, which represents a 17.6% decrease3.7% increase as compared to 2014.2019. Since 2014, primarily as a result of increased availability of light crude oil in the United States and other developing trends in international demand for imported crude oil, we have expanded the scope of our geographic distribution and adapted our strategy to diversify and strengthen the position of Mexican crude oil in the international market. As part of PMI’s strategy, in January 2014, we began to export Olmeca crude oil to several European and Asian countries. PMI has not exported Olmeca crude oil since 2018. However, exports of Isthmus crude oil resumed at the end of 2019.

The following table sets forth the geographic distribution of PMI’s sales of crude oil exports for the five years ended December 31, 2018.2020. The table also presents the distribution of exports among PMI’s crude oil types for those years.

Composition and Geographic Distribution of Crude Oil Export Sales

 

 Year ended December 31,   Year ended December 31, 
 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020 
 (tbpd) (%) (tbpd) (%) (tbpd) (%) (tbpd) (%) (tbpd) (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%) 

PMI Crude Oil Export Sales to:

                              

United States and Canada

 812.8  71.2  689.6  58.8  570.3  47.7  617.2  52.6  669.8  56.6    570.3    47.8    617.2    52.6    669.8    56.6    609.2    55.2    659.6    58.9 

Europe

 214.6  18.8  248.3  21.2  272.2  22.8  219.1  18.7  199.1  16.8    272.2    22.8    219.1    18.7    199.1    16.8    181.8    16.5    162.8    14.5 

Asia

 100.1  8.8  219.2  18.7  318.3  26.6  317.2  27.0  311.4  26.3    318.3    26.7    317.2    27.0    311.4    26.3    312.3    28.3    297.5    26.6 

Central and South America

 14.7  1.3  15.4  1.3  33.6  2.8  20.4  1.7  3.8  0.3    33.6    2.8    20.4    1.7    3.8    0.3    —      —      —      —   
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

 1,142.2  100  1,172.4  100  1,194.3  100  1,173.9  100  1,184  100    1,194.3    100    1,173.9    100    1,184.0    100    1,103.3    100    1,119.9    100 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Olmeca (API gravity of38°-39°)

          

Olmeca (API gravity of 38°-39°)(1)

                    

United States and Canada

 35.0  3.1  39.8  3.4  4.1  0.3                4.1    0.3    —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —   

Others

 56.2  4.9  84.4  7.2  103.9  8.7  18.9  1.6       
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

 91.2  8.0  124.2  10.6  108.0  9.0  18.9  1.6       
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Isthmus (API gravity of32°-33°)

          

United States and Canada

 88.8  7.8  78.1  6.7  3.2  0.3  4.7  0.4       

Others

 44.9  3.9  115.9  9.9  149.5  12.5  81.1  6.9  30.7  2.6 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

 133.7  11.7  194.0  16.5  152. 7  12.8  85.8  7.3  30.7  2.6 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Maya (API gravity of21°-22°)

          

United States and Canada

 662.3  58.0  513.2  43.8  539.9  45.2  597.2  50.9  624.1  52.7 

Others

 224.8  19.7  230.2  19.6  325.0  27.2  456.7  38.9  466.1  39.4 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

 887.1  77.7  743.4  63.4  864.9  72.4  1,053.9  89.8  1,090.1  92.1 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Altamira (API gravity of15.0°-16.5°)

          

United States and Canada

 26.8  2.3  27.7  2.4  21.9  1.8  15.3  1.3  19.9  1.7 

Others

 0.4  0.04        1.8  0.1             
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

 27.2  2.4  27.7  2.4  23.62  1.8  15.3  1.3  19.9  1.7 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Talam (API gravity of 15.8°)

          

United States and Canada

       30.7  2.6  1.3  0.1        25.8  2.2 

Others

 3.0  0.3  52.4  4.5  43.9  3.7        17.6  1.5 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total

 3.0  0.3  83.1  7.1  45.17  3.8        43.5  3.7 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

                                                                                                              
   Year ended December 31, 
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020 
   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%) 

Others

   103.9    8.7    18.9    1.6    —      —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   108.0    9.0    18.9    1.6    —      —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Isthmus (API gravity of 32°-33°)

                    

United States and Canada

   3.2    0.3    4.7    0.4    —      —      2.7    0.2    124.6    11.1 

Others

   149.9    12.5    81.1    6.9    30.7    2.6    1.4    0.1    15.0    1.3 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   152.7    12.8    85.8    7.3    30.7    2.6    4.1    0.4    139.6    12.5 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Maya (API gravity of 21°-22°)

                    

United States and Canada

   539.9    45.2    597.2    50.9    623.9    52.7    506.1    45.9    474.8    42.4 

Others

   325.0    27.2    456.7    38.9    466.1    39.4    478.9    43.4    433.8    38.7 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   864.9    72.4    1,053.9    89.8    1,090.0    93.1    985.0    89.3    908.7    81.1 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Altamira (API gravity of 15.0°-16.5°)

                    

United States and Canada

   21.9    1.8    15.3    1.3    19.9    1.7    20.7    1.9    18.4    1.6 

Others

   1.8    0.2    —      —      —      —      —      —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   23.6    2.0    15.3    1.3    19.9    1.7    20.7    1.9    18.4    1.6 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Talam (API gravity of 15.8°)

                    

United States and Canada

   1.3    0.1    —      —      25.8    2.2    79.7    7.2    41.7    3.7 

Others

   43.9    3.7    —      —      17.6    1.5    13.8    1.3    11.4    1.0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   45.2    3.8    —      —      43.5    3.7    93.5    8.5    53.2    4.7 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

tbpd = thousand barrels per day.

API gravity refers to the specific gravity or density of liquid petroleum products, measured in degrees on the API scale. On the API scale, oil with the lowest specific gravity has the highest API gravity. In addition, holding all other factors constant, the higher the API gravity, the greater the value of the crude oil.

(1)

During 2020, we used Olmeca crude oil for processing in our refineries and did not export Olmeca crude oil.

Source: PMI operating statistics as of January 16, 2019.7, 2021.

In total, we exported 1,184.11,119.9 thousand barrels of crude oil per day in 2018,2020 and in 2019 we expect to export approximately 993.01,110.0 thousand barrels of crude oil per day.day in 2021. We sell the crude oil produced by Pemex Exploration and Production under a variety of contractual arrangements. Of the 993.0 thousand barrels of crude oil per day we expect to export in 2019, we are contractually committed to deliver approximately 900.0 thousand barrels per day pursuant to existing supply commitments. We believe that our proved developed and proved undeveloped reserves will be sufficient to allow us to fulfill our supply commitments.

The following table sets forth the average volume of our exports and imports of crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products for the five years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Volume of Exports and Imports

 

  Year ended December 31,   2018   Year ended December 31,     
  2014   2015   2016   2017   2018   vs. 2017   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
   (in thousands of barrels per day, except as noted)    (%)   (in thousands of barrels per day, except as noted)   (%) 

Exports

        

Crude Oil:

                        

Olmeca

   91.2    124.2    108.0    18.9        (100.0)    108.0    18.9    —      —      —      —   

Isthmus

   133.7    194.0    152.7    85.8    30.7    (64.2)    152.7    85.8    30.7    4.1    139.6    3,304.9 

Maya

   887.1    743.4    864.9    1,053.9    1,090.1    (3.4)    864.9    1,053.9    1,090.0    985.0    908.7    (7.7

Altamira

   27.2    27.7    23.6    15.3    19.9    30.1    23.6    15.3    19.9    20.7    18.4    (11.1

Talam

   3.0    83.1    45.2        43.5    100.0    45.2    —      43.5    93.5    53.2    (43.1
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total crude oil

   1,142.2    1,172.4    1,194.3    1,173.9    1,184.1    0.9    1,194.3    1,173.9    1,184.0    1,103.3    1,119.9    1.5 

Natural gas(1)

   4.1    2.7    2.2    1.7    1.4    (17.6)    2.2    1.7    1.4    1.3    1.0    (23.1

Gasoline

   66.0    62.9    52.7    45.0    37.7    (16.2)    52.7    45.0    37.7    33.6    12.2    (63.7

Other petroleum products

   133.3    130.8    132.9    113.1    95.1    (15.9) 

Petrochemical products(2)(3)

   406.1    333.8    124.7    60.5    57.8    (4.5) 

Imports

            

Natural gas(1)

   1,357.8    1,415.8    1,933.9    1,766.0    1,316.5    (25.5) 

Gasoline

   389.7    440.1    510.8    582.5    599.9    3.0 

Other petroleum products and LPG(1)(5)

   248.7    299.7    289.6    353.6    376.7    6.5 

Petrochemical products(2)(4)

   85.3    107.3    278.2    332.8    831.8    149.9 

                                                                  
   Year ended December 31,     
   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020
vs.
2019
 
   (in thousands of barrels per day, except as noted)   (%) 

Other petroleum products

   132.9    113.1    95.1    82.3    127.1    54.4 

Petrochemical products(2)

   124.7    60.5    57.8    71.9    40.2    (44.1

Imports

            

Natural gas(1)

   1,933.9    1,766.0    1,316.5    965.9    853.1    (11.7

Gasoline

   510.9    583.7    607.0    544.6    396.0    (27.3

Other petroleum products and LPG(1)

   289.6    354.1    378.7    302.5    197.4    (34.7

Petrochemical products(2)

   278.2    332.8    831.8    877.3    386.0    (56.0

 

Note: Numbers subject to adjustment because crude oil exports may be adjusted to reflect the percentage of water in each shipment.

Note:

Numbers subject to adjustment because crude oil exports may be adjusted to reflect the percentage of water in each shipment.

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Numbers expressed in millions of cubic feet per day.

(2)

ThousandsIn thousands of metric tons.

(3)

Includes propylene.

(4)

Includes isobutane, butane andN-butane.

(5)

Includes liquefied natural gas imported through the Manzanillo terminal.

Source:

PMI operating statistics as of January 16, 2019,

Source: PMI operating statistics as of January 7, 2021, and Pemex Industrial Transformation.

Crude oil exports increased by 0.9%1.5% in 2018,2020, from 1,173.91,103.3 thousand barrels per day in 20172019 to 1,184.11,119.9 thousand barrels per day in 2018,2020, mainly due to an increase of exports of 7.9% of heavy crude oil (Maya, Talam and Altamira crudes), which was partially offset by a 64.2% decrease in exports of Isthmus light crude oil and a decrease of 100% in Olmeca crude oiloil. We did not export during 2018. We exported no Olmeca crude oil in 20182019 and 2020 due to a lack of availability of Olmeca crude oil for export.

In 2018, we imported 3.8 thousand barrels per day of light crude oil equivalent to U.S. $93.8 million, for processing in the National Refining System, which represented the first time we imported crude oil.

We import dry gas, a variety of natural gas, to satisfy shortfalls in our production and to meet demand in areas of northern Mexico that, due to their distance from the fields, can be supplied more efficiently by importing natural gas from the United States. Domestic sales of dry gas decreased by 21.3%18.1%, as compared to 2017,2019, from 2,623.01,604.4 million cubic feet per day in 20172019 to 2,064.31,313.6 million cubic feet per day in 2018,2020, mainly due to competition from third-party supplyprivate companies importing natural gas directly to satisfy their requirements and because of the reduction in economic activity during 2020 due to the national market.COVID-19 pandemic, including public health measures taken to combat it. Natural gas imports decreased by 25.5%11.7 % in 2018,2020, from 1,766.0965.9 million cubic feet per day in 20172019 to 1,316.5853.1 million cubic feet per day in 2018. The total amount of natural gas imported per day in 2018 includes 17.4 million cubic feet per day of liquefied natural gas imported through the Manzanillo terminal.2020. This decrease in natural gas imports was primarily due to decreased demand in the domestic market due toas a result of competition from third party suppliers.

P.M.I. Trading DAC sells refined and petrochemical products on anFOB,Delivered Ex-ship andCost and Freight basis and buys refined and petrochemical products and crude oil on ana FOBFree on Board,Cost and Freight andDelivered Ex-ship,Cost and Freight,Delivery at FrontierandDelivered at Place basis.

The following table sets forth the value of exports and imports of crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products for the five years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Value of Exports and Imports(1)

 

 Year ended December 31,     Year ended December 31,     
 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2018 vs. 2017   2016   2017   2018   2019   2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
  (in millions of U.S. dollars)   (%)   (in millions of U.S. dollars)   (%) 

Exports

            

Olmeca

 U.S. $3,114.7  U.S. $2,333.1  U.S. $1,569.3  U.S. $358.1  U.S.$ —  (100.0)   U.S. $1,569.3   U.S. $358.1   U.S. $—     U.S. $—     U.S. $—      —   

Isthmus

 4,557.1  3,489.0  2,107.6  1,588.7  722.2  (54.5)    2,107.6    1,588.7    722.2    85.2    1,910.1    2,141.9 

Altamira

 806.7  366.6  262.4  219.8  419.6  90.9    262.4    219.8    419.5    405.5    216.1    (46.7

Maya

 27,119.4  11,158.9  11,172.6  17,880.6  24,435.7  36.7    11,172.6    17,880.6    24,455.6    20,043.9    12,020.0    (40.0

Talam

 40.4  1,103.6  470.1     934.6  100.0    470.1    —      943.4    1,826.6    537.4    (70.6
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

    

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total crude oil(2)

 U.S. $35,638.3  U.S. $18,451.2  U.S. $15,582.0  U.S$20,047.2  U.S. $26,512.1  32.2 

Total crude oil(2)

  U.S. $  15,582.0   U.S $20,047.2   U.S. $26,540.7   U.S. $22,361.2   U.S. $14,683.6    (34.3
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Natural gas

 4.8  1.6  1.1  1.3  1.0  (23.1)    1.1    1.3    1.0    0.8    0.4    (50.0

Gasoline

 1,985.9  1,007.4  733.2  746.9  813.9  9.0    733.2    746.9    813.9    626.6    154.9    (75.3

Other petroleum products

 3,425.7  1,580.2  1,161.9  1,655.6  1,938.1  17.1    1,161.9    1,655.6    1,938.1    1,429.7    1,308.5    (8.5

Petrochemical products

 132.4  63.5  20.5  37.8  39.7  5.0    20.5    37.8    39.2    39.6    12.7    (67.9
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total natural gas, petroleum and petrochemical products

 U.S. $5,548.8  U.S. $2,652.7  U.S. $ 1,916.7  U.S. $2,441.5  U.S. $ 2,792.8  14.4   U.S. $1,916.7   U.S. $2,441.5   U.S. $2,792.3   U.S. $2,096.7   U.S. $1,476.6    (29.6
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total exports

 U.S. $41,187.1  U.S. $21,103.9  U.S. $17,498.7  U.S. $22,488.8  U.S. $ 29,304.8  30.3   U.S. $17,498.7   U.S. $  22,488.8   U.S. $  29,333.0   U.S  $  24,457.9   U.S. $  16,160.2    34.0 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Imports

                  

Natural gas

 U.S. $2,819.3  U.S. $1,673.7  U.S. $2,097.9  U.S. $2,484.1  U.S. $ 2,043.2  (17.7)   U.S. $2,097.9   U.S. $2,484.1   U.S. $2,043.2   U.S. $1,072.5   U.S. $774.1    (27.8

Gasoline

 16,691.2  12,805.2  11,994.8  15,380.1  18,867.5  22.7    12,005.4    15,418.2    18,957.9    15,354.2    8,110.1    (47.2

Other petroleum products and LPG

 8,738.7  6,178.6  5,699.9  8,446.3  11,103.3  31.5 

Petrochemical products

 168.1  196.3  85.5  122.5  588.8  380.7 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total imports

 U.S. $28,417.3  U.S. $20,853.8  U.S. $19,878.1  U.S. $26,433.0  U.S. $ 32,602.8  23.3 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net exports (imports)

  U.S. $12,769.8   U.S. $250.1   U.S. $(2,379.4)   U.S. $(3,944.2)   U.S. $(3,297.9)   (16.4) 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

                                                                        
   Year ended December 31,     
   2016  2017  2018  2019  2020   2020 vs.
2019
 
   (in millions of U.S. dollars)   (%) 

Other petroleum products and LPG

   5,697.4   8,463.2   11,159.1   7,991.1   3,617.3    (54.7

Petrochemical products

   85.5   122.5   588.8   657.2   633.0    (3.7
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total imports

  U.S.$19,886.1  U.S.$26,488.1  U.S.$32,749.0  U.S.$25,075.0  U.S.$13,134.4    (47.6
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net exports (imports)

  U.S.$(2,387.4 U.S.$(3,999.3 U.S.$(3,416.0 U.S.$(617.1 U.S.$3,025.8    (590.3
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Does not include operations with third parties carried out by P.M.I. Trading DAC and PMI-NASA of crude oil, refined products, petrochemicals and petrochemicals purchased by P.M.I. Trading, orPMI-NASA from third partiesliquefied petroleum gas outside of Mexico and resold in the international markets. The figuresFigures expressed in this table differ from the amounts contained underin the line itemAudited Consolidated Financial Statements under “Net Sales” in our financial statements because ofdue to differences in the methodology associated withrelated to the calculation of the exchange rates and other minor adjustments.

(2)

Crude oil exports are subject to adjustment to reflect the percentage of water in each shipment.

Source:

PMI operating statistics as of January 16, 2019,

Source: PMI operating statistics as of January 7, 2021, which are based on information in bills of lading, and Pemex Industrial Transformation.

In 2018,2020, imports of natural gas decreased in value by 17.7%27.8% as compared to 2017,2019, primarily as a result of a decrease in the volume of natural gas imports. Imports of gasoline increaseddecreased in value by 22.7% over the same period47.2%, due to an increase in thea lower volume of gasoline imports, resulting from lower domestic productionas well as the significant growth in imports by private companies and the reduction in economic activity mainly in April and May of gasoline and a higher average price2020 due to the impact of gasoline as compared to 2017.the COVID-19 pandemic.

The following table describes the composition of our exports and imports of selected refined products for the three years ended December 31, 2018.2020.

Exports and Imports of Selected Petroleum Products

 

  Year ended December 31,   Year ended December 31, 
  2016   2017   2018   2018   2019   2020 
  (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%)   (tbpd)   (%) 

Exports

                        

Liquefied petroleum gas(1)

   4.5    2.4    5.7    3.6    1.2    0.9             

Fuel oil

   113.3    61.0    103.5    65.5    89.8    67.6    1.2    0.9    0.7    0.6    0.8    0.6 

Gasoline

   52.7    28.4    45.0    28.4    37.7    28.4    89.8    67.7    69.3    59.7    109.6    78.7 

Others

   15.1    8.2    3.9    2.5    4.0    3.0    37.7    28.4    33.6    29.0    12.2    8.7 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   185.5    100.0    158.0    100.0    132.8    100    4.0    3.0    12.4    10.7    16.7    12.0 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Imports

               132.7    100.0    116.0    100.0    139.3    100.0 

Gasoline(3)(2)

   510.8    63.8    582.5    62.2    599.9    61.4             

Fuel oil

   10.7    1.3    24.4    2.6    16.5    1.7    607.0    61.6    544.6    64.3    396.0    66.7 

Liquefied petroleum gas(2)(1)

   50.6    6.3    42.6    4.5    61.8    6.3    16.5    1.7    11.8    1.4    4.3    0.7 

Diesel

   187.8    23.5    237.5    25.4    238.8    24.5    61.8    6.3    53.9    6.4    53.1    8.9 

Others

   40.4    5.1    49.1    5.2    59.6    6.1    240.6    24.4    178.2    21.0    114.3    19.3 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

   800.4    100.0    936.2    100.0    976.7    100    59.8    6.1    58.6    6.9    25.8    4.3 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  985.7   100.0   847.1   100.0   593.4   100.0 

 

Notes:

Notes: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

tbpd = thousand barrels per day.

(1)

Includes butanes and propane.

(2)

Includes methyltert-butyl ether (MTBE).

(3)

Includes premium gasoline, regular gasoline, premium components and naphtasnaphthas

Source: Pemex BDI.

In 2018,2020, exports of petroleum products decreasedincreased by 15.9%20.1%, from 158.0116.0 thousand barrels per day in 20172019 to 132.8139.3 thousand barrels per day in 2018,2020, mainly due to decreasesan increase in the export volumes of fuel oil and natural gas of 13.2% and 16.2%, respectively.58.2%. Imports of petroleum products increaseddecreased by 4.3%30.0% in 2018,2020, from 936.2847.1 thousand barrels per day in 20172019 to 976.7593.4 thousand barrels per day in 2018, primarily2020, mainly due to a decreasereduced gasoline imports because of the increase in domestic production of petroleum products.volume imported by private companies.

Exports of petroleum products increaseddecreased in value by 14.6%29.6 % in 2018,2020, primarily due to a 34.3% increasedecrease in the average price of fuel oil and increasesdecreases in the average prices of other petroleum products. In 2018,2020, imports of petroleum products increaseddecreased in value, by 25.8%,47.6 %, primarily due to a 4.4% increase47.2 % decrease in volume of imports caused by lower domestic gasoline production and an increasea decrease in the average price of gasoline as compared to the previous year. Our net importsexports of petroleum products for 20182020 totaled U.S. $3,297.93,025.8 million, which represents a 16.4% decrease590.3% increase from our net imports of petroleum products of U.S.$3,944.2 $617.1 million in 2017.2019.

The Secretary of Energy has entered into certain agreements to reduce or increase crude oil exports.exports and production. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Trade Regulation, Export Agreement and ExportProduction Agreements” below in this Item 4.below.

Hedging Operations

P.M.I. Trading DAC engages in hedging operations to cover its price exposure in the trading of petroleum products. The internal policies and procedures of P.M.I. Trading DAC establish: (1) that DFIsderivative financial instruments (DFIs) are used exclusively to mitigate the volatility of oil and gas prices; (2) limits on the maximum amount of capital at risk and on the daily and accumulated annual losses for each business unit; and (3) the segregation ofrisk-taking and risk measurement. Capital at risk is calculated on a daily basis in order to compare the actual figures with the aforementioned limit. P.M.I. Trading has a risk management subcommittee that supervises risk and hedging operations.limits. See “Item 11—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk—Changes in Exposure to Main Risks—Hydrocarbon Price Risk.”

Gas Stations in the United States

Between late 2015 and early 2016, we opened fiveIn 2020, additional PEMEX brand gas stations opened in Houston,the United States, for a combined total of 15 locations in areas with different demographic characteristics (nine in Texas that are owned and operated by franchisees. In 2018, we opened four additionalsix in California) as of December 31, 2020. The fuel supply at these gas stations three of which are located in California and one of which is located in Texas. This is part of our strategy to expand our operations to the United States. Further, it has allowed us to measure the impact of our brand against others and identify business opportunities abroad and to generate institutional knowledge about operating in a competitive environment in the retail business. The gas stations’ fuel supply is derived from the United States wholesale market and the selling prices are subject to local market conditions. AsWe believe that the information provided by the operating PEMEX branded gas stations will allow us to assess the market response to the PEMEX brand, establish a brand experience in accordance with the demand of December 31, 2018,the subset market segments and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our service stations, generally. Additionally, we have a presenceexpect that the information gathered from our gas stations in the Texas and California markets with a combined number of nine locations. In 2018, we saw an increase in fuel consumption of 42% in our United States locations as comparedwill help to 2017.develop a market penetration strategy to maximize the value of the PEMEX brand through major U.S. fuel marketers.

PEMEX Corporate Matters

In addition to theour operating activities that we undertake through the activities of our subsidiary entities and subsidiary companies, we have certain centralized corporate operations that coordinate general labor, safety, insurance and legal matters.

Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

Our Corporate Office of Planning, Coordination and Performance is responsible for planning, conducting and coordinating programs to:

 

foster a company culture of safety, environmental protection and environmental protection;efficient and rational use of energy;

 

improve the safety of our workers and facilities;

 

reduce risks to residents of the areas surrounding our facilities;

reduce greenhouse gas emissions and identify the risks associated with climate change in Mexico in order to develop strategies to minimize the impact of climate change on our operations; and

 

strengthen efforts inreduce the environmental impacts generated by our operations with partners, contractors, subcontractors, suppliers and service providers.greenhouse gas emissions.

We intend to further develop industrial safety and environmental programs for each subsidiary entity. The environmental and safety division of each subsidiary entity coordinates closely with the Corporate Office of Planning, Coordination and Performance in order to strenghten our sustained andpromote sustainable performance focused on continuous improvement.

Insurance

We maintain a comprehensive property and general liability insurance program for onshore and offshore properties and liabilities. All onshore properties, such as refineries, processing plants, pipelines and storage facilities are covered, as are all of our offshore assets, such as drilling platforms, rigs, gas gathering systems, maritime terminals and production facilities.

Our insurance covers risks of sudden and accidental physical damage to or destruction of our properties, as well as risk of sudden and accidental physical loss, including as a consequence of purposeful terrorist acts. This insurance also provides coverage for the contents of pipelines and storage facilities, and any of our liabilities arising from such acts. Our insurance also covers extraordinary costs related to the operation of offshore wells, such as control andre-drilling costs, evacuation expenses and liability costs associated with spills. We also maintain protection and indemnity insurance for our full marine fleet, in addition to life insurance, aircraft, automobile and heavy equipment insurance, cargo and marine hull insurance, as well as insurance for deep water drilling activities and onshore and offshore minor construction projects on operating facilities.

In accordance with Mexican law, we have entered into all of our insurance contracts with Mexican insurance carriers. These policies have limits of U.S. $1.8 billion for onshore property, U.S. $1.9 billion for offshore property, U.S. $0.3 billion for extraordinary costs related to the operation of offshore wells, U.S. $1.0 billion formarine-related marine related liabilities, U.S. $1.1 billion for onshore and offshore liabilities, U.S. $0.5 billion for offshore terrorist acts and U.S. $0.5 billion for onshore terrorist acts.Limitsacts. Limits of insurance policies purchased for each category of risk are determined using professional risk management assessment surveys conducted by international companies on an annual basis and the market capacity available per risk and must be in compliance with local regulations enacted following the energy reform. In addition, in compliance with the regulations enacted in June of 2016 by the NationalAgencia Nacional de Seguridad Industrial y de Protección al Medio Ambiente del Sector Hidrocarburos (National Agency for Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection of the Hydrocarbons Sector, (ASEA)or ASEA), we maintain insurance coverage with respect to third party liability, liability for environmental damage and control of well,wells, works or drilling activities, and extraction of hydrocarbons, the treatment and refining of crude oil and the processing of natural gas. We have also ensured that we maintain insurance coverage in connection with our strategic alliances and other joint arrangements.

Since June 2003, we have not maintained business interruption insurance, which in the past compensated us for loss of revenues resulting from damages to our facilities. Instead, we purchasead-hoc hoc business interruption mitigation insurance coverage, which compensates us for the additional expenses necessary to recover our production capabilities in the shortest time possible.

During 2018 we continued to engage in deep water exploratory and drilling activities that were covered by our existing insurance program.In August 2012, we purchased a policy to increase the coverage available for potential property damage,third-party liability and control of well risks related to these activities. Under this policy, we maintain coverage for each deep water well drilled, and the limits are determined based on the risk profile of the corresponding well. This policy has a limit of U.S. $3.3 billion, including U.S. $1.3 billion for control of well risks, U.S. $1.1 billion for casualty and U.S. $0.9 billion for property damage. This policy also contemplates additional coverage for environmental liabilities and remediation activities relating to deep water exploration and drilling.

All of our insurance policies are in turn reinsured through Kot Insurance Company, AG (which we refer to as Kot AG). Kot AG is a wholly owned subsidiary company that was originally formed in 1993 under the laws of Bermuda as Kot Insurance Company, Ltd. and was subsequently organized under the laws of Switzerland in 2004. Kot AG is used as a risk management tool to structure and distribute risks across the international reinsurance markets. The purpose of Kot AG is to reinsurereinsures policies held through our local insurance carriers and to maintainmaintains control over the cost and quality of the insurance covering our risks. Kot AG reinsures over 80% of its reinsurance policies with unaffiliatedthird-party third party reinsurers. Kot AG carefully monitors the financial performance of its reinsurers and actively manages counterparty credit risk across its reinsurance portfolio to ensure its own financial stability and maintain its creditworthiness. Kot AG maintains solid capitalization and solvency margins consistent with guidelines provided by Swiss insurance authorities and regulations. As of December 31, 2018,2020, Kot AG’s net risk retention is circa U.S. $257$550 million spread across different reinsurance coverages to mitigate potential aggregation factors.

Compliance at Pemex

Our current corporate compliance program Pemex Cumple (Pemex Complies) was authorized by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos in November 2019. This program amended and supplemented our previous compliance program, which was approved by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos in July 2017. See “Item 4 – General Regulatory Framework” for more information regarding Pemex Complies.

As part of this new program, we implemented a compliance hub with different lines of attention: ethics and integrity, anticorruption and due diligence, legal compliance, and data protection and transparency. The program is aimed at strengthening our compliance culture as well as preventing financial and legal risks, with respect to the national anticorruption strategy, international laws, international treaties, specific regulations for the oil and gas sector, economic competition and internal policies. The General Counsel of Petróleos Mexicanos provides quarterly progress reports to the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos with respect to the implementation of Pemex Complies.

Ethics Committee

Our Ethics Committee consists of members from our management team, with the headGeneral Counsel of the Institutional Internal Control Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos serving as its chairman.chairperson.

Our Ethics Committee is primarily responsible for:

 

promoting awareness and use of our code of ethics and code of conduct, including through online training available for our employees, in order to improve our culture of ethics;

 

establishing procedures that implement the principles found in our code of ethics in order to increase compliance and to detect behavior that adversely affects our activities;

 

analyzing and giving instructionscounsel to the appropriate areas on possible violations to our code of ethics and code of conduct that are reported through the Ethics Line;ethics tip line; and

 

working with the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos and our Internal Auditing Area to exchangeprovide information regarding violations of our code of ethics and our code of conduct.

See “Item 16B—Code of Ethics” for more information regarding our code of ethics.

Collaboration and Other Agreements

On October 27, 2014, Petróleos Mexicanos and theSecretaria de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA) signed a collaboration agreement to provide community and environmental support to communities within the zones of influence of the oil industries. This collaboration agreement expired in November 2018.

On February 5, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and theInstituto Politécnico Nacional (National Polytechnic Institute) of Mexico entered into a collaboration agreement for the development of human resources, technology and research, with the aim of promoting and supporting joint research programs and the development of knowledge related to the hydrocarbons industry.

On February 18, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and the Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development (OECD) signed a memorandum of understanding with the aim of benefiting from the OECD’s knowledge of and experiences with international best practices relating to the procurement of goods and services.

On February 19, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos signed a memorandum of understanding with the Infraestructura Energética Nova, S.A.B. de C.V. and Sempra LNG units of the U.S. energy company Sempra Energy for the potential joint development of a natural gas liquefaction project at the site of the Energía Costa Azul facility located in Ensenada, Mexico.

On April 7, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and First Reserve signed a memorandum of understanding and cooperation to explore new opportunities for joint energy projects, which would provide access to financing, as well as the exchange of technical and operational experience. This agreement contemplates up to U.S. $1.0 billion of investments in potential projects relating to infrastructure, maritime transport and power cogeneration, among others.

On May 12, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and Global Water Development Partners, a company founded by private equity funds operated by Blackstone, signed a memorandum of understanding with the aim of creating a partnership to invest in water and wastewater infrastructure for Petróleos Mexicanos’ upstream and downstream facilities. This partnership is intended to finance and carry out environmentally sustainable projects for water treatment in Petróleos Mexicanos’ operations.

On June 1, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and the U.S. based global asset manager BlackRock Inc. signed a memorandum of understanding with the aim of accelerating the development and financing ofenergy-related infrastructure projects that are of strategic importance to Petróleos Mexicanos.

On July 20, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos, through its Corporate Office of Procurement and Supply, signed an agreement with the OECD with the aim of adopting and promoting best practices in procurement and fostering efficient management strategies and transparency in Petróleos Mexicanos’ processes. The agreement also contemplates the training of our personnel by the OECD on issues of transparency and ethics, the design of procurement procedures and mitigating risks of collusion.

On July 22, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and theSecretaría de Desarrollo Agrario, Territorial y Urbano (Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Urban Development) signed a collaboration agreement with the aim of establishing consulting and training mechanisms for the development of hydrocarbon exploration, extraction and distribution projects in strict observance of the applicable legal framework and with full respect for agricultural landowners.

On July 23, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, A.C. signed a collaboration agreement with the purpose of (1) fostering competitive development within the Mexican oil and gas industry; (2) carrying out specialized research and consulting services, including lectures, seminars, conferences and other events of common interest to the institutions; and (3) providing postgraduate studies for our employees and internships for college students at Petróleos Mexicanos.

On July 28, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and Banco Santander, S.A. (Santander) signed a collaboration agreement with the purpose of providing our franchisees with access to Santander banking services such as bank card sales, deposits ande-banking services, payroll management and the transportation of money.

On September 9, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and General Electric signed a memorandum of understanding with the aim of creating a partnership to invest in new technology and financing initiatives for gas compression, power generation and the production of hydrocarbons, both onshore and offshore, including in deepwater fields.

On October 10, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos andwe reaffirmed our commitment with the United Nations Development Programme in Mexico reaffirmed their commitment to use best practices in terms of inclusion, equality andnon-discrimination in the workplace.

On November 30, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and Global Water Development Partners agreed to create a joint venture intended to invest U.S. $800 million in water and wastewater treatment infrastructure for upstream and downstream facilities in Mexico. This partnership aims to (1) provide access to advanced technology to meet the supply and treatment requirements of wastewater at our facilities, in both onshore and offshore production areas, as well as in refineries and petrochemical plants; and (2) in the future, to potentially implement and finance environmentally sustainable solutions for water management.

On January 19, 2016, Petróleos Mexicanos and Mubadala Petroleumwe signed a memorandum of understatingunderstanding with Mubadala Petroleum agreeing to joint projects to explore the Mexican energy sector, including its upstream activities, primary midstream activities and infrastructure projects for a total investment of U.S. $4.0 billion. Among these projects is a commercial logistic infrastructure system in the Salina Cruz, Oaxaca area, for an approximate investment in excess of U.S. $3.0 billion.

On January 19, 2016, Petróleos Mexicanos andwe signed a memorandum of understanding with the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company signed a memorandum of understanding with the aim to share each company’s best practices with respect to different upstream activities, including exploration, development and production in oil fields; improved recovery, handling and processing of liquefied natural gas; as well as human resources training, sustainability, internal controls, transparency, process development andcyber-security.

On January 19, 2016, Petróleos Mexicanos and Saudi Aramcowe signed a memorandum of understanding with Saudi Aramco renewing and strengthening the relationship between both companies and establishing an exchange of ideas surrounding operational excellence, sustainability and energy efficiency and innovation and technological development.

On April 1, 2018, we subscribed to a memorandum of understanding and collaboration with the SENER, the CNH and Natural Resources Canada in order for Mexico and Canada to share demonstrations of technology and practices for the conservation of hydrocarbons and the measurement and reduction of emissions.

On March 6, 2019, we signed a memorandum of understanding with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation with the purpose of exchanging experiences and promoting development in the energy sector.

On November 15, 2019, we signed a memorandum of understanding with China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation (Sinosure) with the purpose of strengthening our cooperative relationship.

On April 3, 2020, we signed a general coordination agreement for the exchange of services with the Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social (IMSS), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) and the Secretaría de Salud (Mexican Ministry of Health) with the aim of joining the federal universal healthcare system. The agreement establishes general guidelines and operational, administrative, financing and legal criteria for the provision of universal healthcare and for the exchange or unilateral provision of health care services between our medical providers and those of the other signatories, as well Mexican government health service providers, national health institutes, specialty regional hospitals, federal hospitals and other institutions of the national health system, once we join the universal healthcare program.

On April 24, 2020, we signed a Convenio Marco para el Intercambio y Atención de Pacientes Graves con COVID-19(Framework Agreement for the Exchange and Care of Serious Patients with COVID-19) with the Mexican Ministry of Health, the Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional (Ministry of National Defense), the Mexican Navy, IMSS, ISSSTE and the Instituto de Salud para el Bienestar(Institute of Health for Welfare). The agreement establishes the guidelines for the care of critically ill COVID-19 patients at the medical facilities of each of the parties. The agreement aims to control the health emergency through the coordination of the parties’ respective medical personnel and medical infrastructure, in accordance with the applicable legal provisions. The agreement is in force and will remain in force until the Consejo de Salubridad General (General Health Council) declares the end of the health emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Through these agreements and health services, we seek to increase our technical and scientific knowledge in areas that include exploration and drilling. These broad agreements of technological and scientific collaboration are strictlynon-commercial,i.e., there is no transfer of resources among the parties.

Property, Plants and Equipment

General

Substantially all of our property, consisting of refineries, storage, production, manufacturing and transportation facilities and certain retail outlets, is located in Mexico, including Mexican waters in the Gulf of Mexico. The location, character, utilization and productive capacity of our exploration, drilling, refining, petrochemical production, transportation and storage facilities are described above. See “—Exploration and Production,” “—Drilling and Services,” “Industrial Transformation,” “—Ethylene,”, “—Fertilizers” and “—Logistics.”Logistics”. The insurance program covering all of our properties is also described above. See “—Insurance.”

Reserves

Under Mexican law, all crude oil and other oil and gas reserves located in the subsoil of Mexico are owned by the Mexican nationMexico and not by us. The Mexican Government has granted us the right to exploit the petroleum and other oil and gas reserves assigned to us in connection with the process that occurred in August 2014 and is commonly referred to as Round Zero,round zero, as well as the right to explore for and exploit petroleum and other oil and gas reserves in areas that have been granted to us in Round 1.4.various subsequent rounds. Productivestate-owned companies and other companies participating in the Mexican oil and gas industry may report assignments or contracts and the corresponding expected benefits for accounting and financial purposes. See “Information on the Company—History and Development—Legal Regime” above in this Item 4. Our estimates of hydrocarbons reserves are described under “—Exploration and Production—Reserves” above.

GENERAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Petróleos Mexicanos is regulated by the Mexican Constitution, the Petróleos Mexicanos Law and the Hydrocarbons Law, among other regulations. The purpose of the Petróleos Mexicanos Law is to regulate the organization, management, operation, monitoring, evaluation and accountability of Petróleos Mexicanos as aproductive-state owned company of the Mexican Government. On October 31, 2014, the Regulations to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. These regulations were modified on February 9, 2015. The purpose of these regulations is to regulate, among other things, the appointment and removal of the members of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, potential conflicts of interest for Board members, and the evaluation of Petróleos Mexicanos.

The Mexican Government and its ministries regulate our operations in the oil and gas sector. The Ministry of EnergySENER monitors our operations, and the Secretary of Energy acts as the chairperson of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos. In addition, theLey de losÓrganos Órganos Reguladores Coordinados en Materia EnergéEnergética (Coordinated Energy Regulatory Bodies related to the Energy Matters Law), which took effect on August 12, 2014, establishes mechanisms for the coordination of these entities with the Ministry of EnergySENER and other ministries of the Mexican Government. The CNH has the authority to award and execute contracts for exploration and production in connection with competitive bidding rounds. The CRE has the authority to grant permits for the storage, transportation and distribution of oil, gas, petroleum products and petrochemicals in Mexico, and to regulate thefirst-hand sale of these products. The regulatory powers of the CNH and the CRE extend to all oil and gas companies operating in Mexico, including Petróleos Mexicanos and our subsidiary entities.

On December 2, 2014, the Ministry of EnergySENER published in the Official Gazette of the Federation a statement declaring that the new Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos was performing its duties and the mechanisms for our oversight, transparency and accountability had been implemented in accordance with the Petróleos Mexicanos Law. As a result, the special regime that governs Petróleos Mexicanos’ activities relating to productivestate-owned subsidiaries, affiliates, compensation, assets, administrative liabilities, budget, debt levels and the state dividend took effect. On June 10, 2015 the General Provisions for Contracting with Petróleos Mexicanos and its ProductiveState-Owned Subsidiaries were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation, and on June 11, 2015, the special regime for acquisitions, leases, services and public became effective. On May 18, 2018, new General Provisions for Contracting with Petróleos Mexicanos and its Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation, repealing the previous general provisions published in June 2015 and their subsequent amendments. These General Provisions regulate the legal process for acquisitions, leases, works and services needed for our projects and require that our suppliers, contractors and other participants with whom we have or intend to have a commercial relationship recognize and adopt our Compliance Program (as defined below)compliance program, Pemex Complies, and establish prevention and compliance systems in accordance with applicable law. New amendments to these General Provisions were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on August 1, 2018.2018 and August 19, 2019.

In accordance with the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, each year the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit provides us with estimated macroeconomic indicators for the following fiscal year, which we are to use to prepare the consolidated annual budget for Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities, including our financing program. Upon approval by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, our consolidated budget and financing program is then submitted to the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit, which has the authority to adjust our financial balance goal and the ceiling on our wage and salary expenditures for the fiscal year. The consolidated annual budget and financing program of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities, including any adjustments made by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit, is then incorporated into the federal budget for approval by the Chamber of Deputies. The Mexican Government is not, however, liable for the financial obligations that we incur. In approving the federal budget, the Chamber of Deputies authorizes our financial balance goal and the ceiling on our wage and salary expenditures for the fiscal year, which it may subsequently adjust at any time by modifying the applicable law.

We are also subject to various domestic and international laws and regulations related toanti-corruption,anti-bribery andanti-money laundering, such as theCódigo Penal Federal (Federal Criminal Code), which criminalizes certain corrupt practices, including bribery, embezzlement and abuse of authority; theLeyGeneral del Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción (General Law of the National Anti-Corruption System); theLey de Fiscalización y Rendición de Cuentas de laFederación (Federal Audit and Accountability Law) and theLey General de Responsabilidades Administrativas (General Law of Administrative Liabilities), among others. These laws establish a national anti-corruption system designed to coordinate efforts among the Mexican Government, federal entities, states and municipalities to prevent, investigate and punish corrupt activities and oversee public resources, as well as determine administrative liabilities of public officials and the applicable penalties.

We also employ internal control procedures and guidelines designed to monitor the activities of our employees, including senior management, and to ensure compliance with applicableanti-corruption,anti-bribery andanti-money laundering laws and regulations. TheLineamientos que regulan el sistema de control interno en Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y empresas filiales (Guidelines(Guidelines governing the internal control system of Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and affiliates) set forth the principles underlying our internal controls system and the procedures necessary for its implementation and monitoring. In addition, theLineamientos para regular a los Testigos Sociales en Petróleos Mexicanos y sus empresas productivas subsidiarias (Guidelines to regulate public witnesses in Petróleos Mexicanos and its productive subsidiary entities), delineates the ways in which public witnesses may act asthird-party observers in connection with our procurement procedures. These internal controls and guidelines are applicable to Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities. For a description of the risks relating toanti-corruption,anti-bribery andanti-money laundering laws and regulations, see “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Operations—We are subject to Mexican and internationalanti-corruption,anti-bribery andanti-money laundering laws. Our failure to comply with these laws could result in penalties, which could harm our reputation, prevent us from obtaining governmental authorizations needed to carry out our operations and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.”

On July 14, 2017,Our previous compliance program was superseded by our current corporate compliance program, Pemex Complies, which was authorized by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos approvedin November 2019. As part of this new program, we implemented a compliance hub with different lines of attention: ethics and integrity, anticorruption and due diligence, legal compliance, and data protection and transparency.

The program is aimed at strengthening our “Compliance Program”, a series of procedures aimedcompliance culture as well as preventing financial and legal risks. with respect to comply with legal, accounting,national anticorruption strategy and financial provisions to prevent corruptionnational and to promote ethical values. These procedures include a focus oninternational laws, international treaties, specific regulations for the oil and gas sector, economic competition and internal controls, risk management, ethical principles and corporate integrity, policies promoting transparency and accountability.policies.

On August 28, 2017, a newNovember 11, 2019, the Código de Conducta de Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y, en su caso, empresas filiales (Code of Conduct of Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and, where applicable, affiliated companies, or the Code of Conduct), was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation, replacing the code of conduct issued in February 2015.on August 28, 2017. This Code of Conduct delineates behaviors expected of and banned for our executives and employees, in accordance with the values established in our Code of Ethics, and includes data protection and transparency related matters. See “Item 16B—Code of Ethics” for more information regarding our code of ethics.

Our new Código de Ética para Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y empresas filiales (Code of Ethics for Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and affiliates, or the Code of Ethics, whichEthics) was also published on that same day in the Official Gazette of the Federation on December 24, 2019. This new Code of Ethics was approved by the Board of the Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos inon November 2016, such as:26, 2019. Our new Code of Ethics includes the following principles and values: respect,non-discrimination, honesty, loyalty, responsibility, legality, impartiality and integrity, among others.integrity. See “Item 16B—Code of Ethics” for more information regarding our code of ethics.

On September 11, 2017, thePolíticas y Lineamientos AnticorrupcióAnticorrupcioÌn para Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y, en su caso, Empresas Filiales (Anti-corruption Policies and Guidelines for Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and, where applicable, affiliated companies) and thePolíticas y Lineamientos para el desarrollo de la Debida Diligencia en Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y, en su caso, Empresas Filiales, en Materia de Ética e Integridad Corporativa (Policies and Guidelines to carry out Due Diligence in Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and, where applicable, affiliated companies, in Ethics and Corporate Integrity matters)Matters) became effective. The due diligence policy was revised in November 2018. The purpose of these regulations is to set up actions againstto prevent acts of corruption, as well as provide means for executives and employees to confrontidentify, manage, mitigate and fight them and mitigateconfront our own risks as well asthird-partyas-third party risks that may affect the activitiesattainment of PEMEX for acts ofour objectives with respect to corruption, lack of ethics or corporate integrity or our involvement in illicit acts of any kind.

On June 15, 2020 and January 1, 2021, the Políticas y Lineamientos para la Protección de Datos Personales en Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y, en su caso, Empresas Filiales (Data Privacy Protection Policies and Guidelines for Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and, where applicable, affiliated companies) and the Políticas y Lineamientos para el Cumplimiento de Obligaciones de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Públicaen Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y, en su caso, Empresas Filiales (Policies and Guidelines to comply Transparency and Public Access Information duties in Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and, where applicable, affiliated companies) became effective, respectively. These regulations aim to create a framework for data privacy protection and promote transparency and public access in respect of our operations. In addition, the regultions seek to provide a means by which our executives and employees may identify, manage, mitigate and confront risks related to corruption, corporate integrity, transparency or our involvement in illicit acts of any kind.

As an issuer of debt securities that are registered under the Securities Act and in connection with certain representations and covenants included in our financing agreements, we must comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA. The FCPA generally prohibits companies and anyone acting on their behalf from offering or making improper payments or providing benefits to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business. In addition, we are subject to other international laws and regulations related toanti-corruption,anti-bribery andanti-money laundering, including the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, which prohibits the solicitation of, the agreement to receive and the acceptance of bribes.

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION

Legal Framework

We are subject to the environmental laws and regulations issued by the state governments where our facilities are located, including those associated with atmospheric emissions, water usage and wastewater discharge, as well as thewaste management of hazardous andnon-hazardous waste. care for affected sites. In particular, we are subject to the provisions of theLey General del Equilibrio EcolóEcológico y la ProteccióProtección al Ambiente (General Law on Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection, which we refer to as the Environmental Law) and related regulations, theLey General para la PrevencióPrevención y GestióGestión Integral de los Residuos (General Law on Waste Prevention and Integral Management), theLey General de Cambio ClimáClimático (General Law on Climate Change) and other technical environmental standards issued by theSecretaríSecretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales(Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources, or SEMARNAT), the Comisión Nacional del Agua (National Water Commission, or CONAGUA), the SEMAR, the CNH and the ASEAAgencia de Seguridad, Energ.ía y Ambiente (National Agency for Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection of the Hydrocarbons Sector, or ASEA).

In April 1997, the SEMARNAT issued regulations governing the procedures for obtaining an environmental license, under which new industrial facilities can comply with all applicable environmental requirements through a single administrative procedure. Each environmental license integrates all of the different permits, licenses and authorizations related to environmental matters for a particular facility. Since these regulations went into effect, we have been required to obtain an environmental license for any new facility.

Before we carry out any activity that may have an adverse impact on the environment, we are required to obtain certain authorizations from the ASEA, the SEMARNAT, the Ministry of Energy,SEMAR, the National Water CommissionSENER and the Mexican Navy,CONAGUA, as applicable. In particular, specific environmental regulations apply to petrochemical,petrochemicals, crude oil refining and extraction activities, as well as to the construction of crude oil and natural gas pipelines. Before authorizing a new project, the ASEA requires the submission of an environmental impact and risk analysis.

ASEA is an administrative body of the SEMARNAT that operates with technical and administrative autonomy and has the authority to regulate and supervise companies participating in the hydrocarbon sector through its issuance of rules establishing safety standards limits on greenhouse gas emissions and guidelines for the dismantling and abandonment of facilities, among other things. TheLey de la Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Industrial y de Protección al Medio Ambiente del Sector Hidrocarburos(Law of the Hydrocarbons Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection Agency of the Hydrocarbon Sector) provides that until the general administrative provisions and Official Mexican Standards proposed by the Hydrocarbons Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection AgencyASEA are in effect, obligations will continue under the guidelines, technical and administrative arrangements, agreements and Official Mexican Standards promulgated by the SEMARNAT, the CNH and the CRE.

We are also subject to theNOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996 issued by CONAGUASEMARNAT in conjunction with the Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente (PROFEPA), which sets forth the maximum permissible levels of pollutants in wastewater that can be discharged into national bodies of water. In addition, we are subject to theNOM-052-SEMARNAT-2006 and the NOM-001-ASEA-2019,which regulatesregulate hazardous waste theNOM-161-SEMARNAT-2011, which regulatesand its special waste management procedures,handling, respectively, as well as theNOM-138-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2012, which establishes the maximum permissible levels of hydrocarbons in the soil and sets forth guidelines with respect to soil testing and the treatment of sites affected by hydrocarbon production.production, among other forms of contamination. We are also subject to the NOM-006-ASEA-2017, which provides technical guidelines and criteria for industrial safety, operational safety and environmental protection for each of the phases of the design, construction, pre-start, operation, maintenance, closing and, finally, the dismantling of land installations for the storage of petroleum and petroleum products, except liquefied petroleum gas.

Federal and state authorities are authorized to inspect any facility to determine its compliance with the Environmental Law, state environmental laws, regulations and technical environmental regulations. Violations ornon-compliance with environmental standards and regulations may result in substantial fines, temporary or permanent shutdown of a facility, required capital expenditures to minimize the effect of our operations on the environment, cleanup of contaminated soil and water, cancellation of a concession or revocation of an authorization to carry out certain activities and, in certain cases, criminal proceedings. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to Our Operations—Our compliance with environmental regulations in Mexico could result in material adverse effects on our results of operations.”

Mexico participates in multilateral negotiations on climate change to promote a sustainable and low-carbon economy. In September 2016, the Mexican Government ratified the Paris Agreement and endorsed its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) by unconditionally committing Mexico to the reduction of 22% of its greenhouse gas emissions and 51% of its black carbon emissions by 2030. This commitment adopts 2013 metrics as a baseline. This commitment may also be increased by an additional reduction of up to 36% of Mexico’s greenhouse gas emissions and 70% of its black carbon emissions, on a conditional basis and subject to the adoption of a global market agreement, which would promote international carbon pricing, as well as financial and technical cooperation.

Mexico’s NDC commitment envisions the participation of all social and economic segments of the country, especially the energy and industrial sectors. As a result, in July 2018, the second transitory article of the General Law on Climate Change was amended to include the commitments made by the government. Pursuant to the General Law on Climate Change, greenhouse gas emissions from the oil and gas sector are required to decrease by 14% by the year 2030, as compared to the sector’s baseline.

Additionally, Article 94 of the General Law on Climate Change was supplemented to indicate that the SEMARNAT must gradually and progressively establish a national emissions trading system, designed to promote the reduction of emissions at the lowest possible cost. Pursuant to this law, the reduction of emissions must be measurable, reportable and verifiable. In order to ease the transition for system participants, the Programa de Prueba del Sistema de Comercio de Emisiones (Pilot Program for the Emissions Trading System) will operate from 2020 to 2022. During this time period, we are required to actively participate in the program by evaluating or increasing initiatives and projects that may reduce our emissions, taking into consideration the additional cost that such initiatives will have once emissions caps are defined for each participant.

Mexico generally reviews and updates its environmental regulatory framework every five years, and we work with the Mexican Government to develop new environmental regulations of activities related to the oil and gashydrocarbon industry.

During 2018, ASEA issued regulations that establish comprehensive guidelines for the prevention and control of methane emissions, as well as for special waste management.

In addition, ASEA published environmental standardNOM-006-ASEA-2017, which provides technical guidelines and criteria for industrial safety, operational safety and environmental protection for each of the phases of the design, construction,pre-start, operation, maintenance, closing and, finally, the dismantling of land installations for the storage of petroleum and petroleum products, except liquefied petroleum gas.

Climate Change

The General Law on Climate Change was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on June 6, 2012, and was subsequently amended on July 13, 2018. The purpose of the General Law on Climate Change is to (i) regulate emissions of greenhouse gases and compounds, (ii) reduce vulnerability to the effects of climate change, (iii) regulate the mitigation and adaptation efforts with respect to climate change and (iv) establish the framework for Mexico’s compliance with the Paris Agreement.

The Mexican Government participates in international discussions and negotiationsWe are working to develop and promote agreementsprojects and initiatives that mitigate the effects of climate change.related to our emissions goals for our main productive activities. In September 2016, the Mexican Government ratified the international agreement on climate change referred to as the Paris Agreement. Pursuant to the Paris Agreement, the Mexican Government agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 22% and black carbon emissions by 51% by the year 2030, using 2013 emission levels as a baseline. In July 2018, the General Law on Climate Change was amended to include emission targets for specific industries in Mexico in order to achieve these targets. Pursuant to these amendments, the oil and gas industry in which we operate is required to reduce emissions by 14% by the year 2030. In addition, ASEA issued a new regulation to prevent and control methane emissions, which is applicable to us. See “—Legal Framework” above.

The Mexican Government has indicated its commitment to adhere to its “nationally determined contribution” targets, including the targets that 35% of all energy2020, our operations generated by 2024 must be generated from renewable sources and 43% by 2030. The Mexican Government has also indicated a commitment to replace heavy fuels with natural gas, biomass and other forms of clean energy, and to reduce the leakage, venting and controlled burning of methane.

In accordance with the actions carried out by the Mexican Government to mitigate global climate change, we have established a goal of reducing our greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by the year 2021, as compared to 2016 levels. During 2018, we recorded greenhouse gas emissions of 36.554.0 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, which representsrepresented a 5.5% decrease12.5% increase, as compared to 2017. This decreaseour total carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in 2019. The increase was mainlyprimarily due to (i) exploration and production activities, (ii) maintenance and unscheduled shutdowns, resulting in an increase in gas flaring, (iii) the inability to use gas recovered in the production process due to failures in our compression systems and (iv) the need for maintenance to our productive refining equipment.

In 2020, in support of our efforts to mitigate climate change, we carried out the following actions and investments:

The operation and maintenance continuity of installed gas infrastructure used by Pemex Exploration and Production.

The acquisition, repair and overhaul of compressors to increase Pemex Exploration and Production’s gas handling and utilization.

The improvement of operational flexibility through the interconnection of projects associated with the gas transportation system.

The refurbishment of failing compressors in our gas processing complexes (GPCs) in order to achieve a higher productive usage of natural gas.

The monitoring of our actions every quarter in order to ensure the fulfillment of objectives related to the use of associated gas in the extraction of hydrocarbons, our shallow water projects, as well as a decrease inmethane emission reduction program for vents and other escapeways and the amountupdate of methane sent to burners in our refineries as a resultemissions inventory and vulnerability map regarding the effects of reduced crude oil processing. Emissions were estimated considering a global warming potential (the amount of energy the emission of one ton of a gas will absorb over a given period of time, relative to the emissions of one ton of carbon dioxide) for methane of 28 and flare efficiency of 84%, consistent with the national emissions inventory.

We also work with national and international entities to develop, promote and implement initiatives that mitigate our impact on climate change. For instance, we participate in the United Nations Environmental Programme’s Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC). Through participation in the CCAC, we aim to identify emission sources in our key facilities and substantially reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants. In 2018, with the support of the Global Methane Initiative, we developed a workshop on the key sources of methan emissions and the inspection of our facilities. In addition, as a member of the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI), we joined the collective commitment to reduce the methane intensity of aggregate upstream oil and gas operations by 0.25% by the year 2025, using 2017 as a basline.

Furthermore, we continue to analyze the implementation of carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS) techniques. In 2014, the “CCUS Technology Roadmap for Mexico” was developed in conjunction with theSecretaría de Energía(the Ministry of Energy or SENER), SEMARNAT and CFE. This led to the execution of integrated carbon dioxide capture projects at Petróleos Mexicanos and CFE facilities and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) initiatives. Between 2016 and 2018, several studies and tools were developed to evaluate the firstCCUS-EOR project in Mexico, as well as the necessary environmental and social safeguards for the pilot projects. In 2018, the CCUS Technology Roadmap for Mexico was updated by the relevant stakeholders, and we signed a collaboration framework agreement with SENER, SEMARNAT and CFE, pursuant to which the Mexican CCUS Center was created. The Mexican CCUS Center seeks to channel all of our CCUS pilot projects going forward.

Additionally, we continue the implementation of the 2016-2019 strategic gas exploitation plan of Pemex Exploration and Production, in order to increase the use of associated gas and reduce gas flaring and greenhouse gas emissions. In 2018, we began the second phase of theThe verification of greenhouse gas emission levels for allat sites that recorded emissions between 100,000 and 1,000,000 tCO2eq (the volume of greenhouse gas emissions equivalent tomore than one tonmillion tons of carbon dioxide)dioxide equivalent per year.

Biodiversity

In 2018, we continuedThe development of the necessary infrastructure to support several biodiversity conservationparticipate in the Pilot Program for the Emissions Trading System and indirect climate change mitigation projects. These projects are designed to increase carbon dioxide and water capture and to preserve the ecosystems in which we operate. These projects include:trained key personnel.

 

  

The definition of key metrics for the ProyectoProgramas de ConservacióPrevención Manejo y RestauraciControl de Emisiones de Metano (Methane Emission Prevention and Control Programs) in Pemex Exploration and Production, as well as in Pemex Logistics. We continue to identify the main sources of methane emissions and establish our baseline emissions levels. We plan to implement theó Programas de Detección y Reparación de los Ecosistemas Naturales de la Cuenca Media delRío UsumacintaFugas (Conservation, Management(Leak Detection and Restoration Project of the Natural Ecosystems of the Rio Usumacinta Basin) in Chiapas;Repair Programs) to reduce our methane emissions.

Biodiversity

Educación Ambiental y Operación de la Casa del Agua(Environmental Education and Operation of the House of Water), in the Pantanos de Centla; and

Operación y manejo del corredor ecológicoJATUSA (Operation and Management of the JATUSA Ecological Corridor) in the Jaguaroundi and Tuzandépetl ecologic parks and the Santa Alejandrina swamp.

During 2020, we continued operating the Jaguaroundi Ecological Park, located in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz. This park is certified as an Área Destinada Voluntariamente a la Conservación (Voluntary Area for Conversation). This park is the first Voluntary Area for Conservation and has an extension of 960 hectares of rain forest, natural grassland, tropical oak and 57 hectares of water bodies that are registered with the Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (National Commission for Protected Natural Areas). The park is open to the public and environmental education activities are carried out for nearby communities, schools and industries. In 2018,2020, we provided financial supportorganized virtual workshops, talks and tours through the park’s social networks.

We also maintain the Tuzandépetl Ecological Park, located in the Municipality of Ixhuatlán del Sureste, Veracruz. With an area of 1,104 hectares, the Tuzandépetl Ecological Park is also certified as a Voluntary Area for these projects,Conservation. Interesting and rich extensions of mangrove, popal and tular are found here. This wetland of about 600 hectares is important for its role as a flood regulator in the area and as a receiver of migratory birds in the winter. The property also has important groves of corozo palms, yucatecan palms and evergreen rainforest. Troops of howler monkeys and spider monkeys live in the park, which we consider to be important initiatives to support biodiversity. The “House of Water” center, for example, is, at this time,are the only wetland education centertwo Mexican primates considered as fauna in protected status under the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2018. The conservation value of its classTuzandépetl Ecological Park lies in Mexico and is dedicated to environmental education and training for the conservation and restoration of wetlands. The centerfact that is located in the Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve in the state of Tabasco, which is one of the most important locationsstates with the greatest change in land use that preserves only 3% of its native vegetation. By keeping these wet land and rain forest remnants in a good state of conservation, it allows the community and Pemex to enjoy the environmental services that nature provides, such as a favorable habitat for birdspollinators or the capture of water and aquatic plant diversity in Mesoamerica. Similarly, our Jaguaroundi Ecological Park, which saw improvements to its museum and the conditions for captive organisms exhibited therein, continued providing environmental education services to the surrounding communities and industry. We also continued to manage the JATUSA Ecological Corridor. The JATUSA Ecological Corridor is an important conservation initiative designed to unite natural or modified spaces, ecosystems and habitats to facilitate the conservation of biodiversity.carbon dioxide.

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

We believe that we are in substantial compliance with current federal and state environmental laws and that we maintain an organizational structure designed to identify and solve environmental risks. In addition, our subsidiary entities have specialized departments that implement their own internal environmental programs, audits and facilities inspections. When these internal audits reveal problems or deficiencies, the subsidiary entities take the necessary measures to eliminate them.

Since 1993, we have participated in the National Environmental Audit Program (NEAP), a voluntary alternative to the traditional system of inspections and penalties, with PROFEPA and now with ASEA.penalties. This program was created by PROFEPA in 1992 as a regulatory incentive for companies to voluntarily correct any environmental irregularities in their operations.operations and is now carried out instead by ASEA for the hydrocarbons sector.

In general terms, voluntary environmental auditing consists of three stages: (i) an audit and compliance diagnosis; (ii) the development of an action plan to correct irregularities; and (iii) the implementation of the action plan. If a company satisfactorily completes these three stages, ASEA or PROFEPA grants the audited company a clean industry certificate, which means that it compliesindicating the company’s compliance with the applicable environmental legislation of theirfor its industry.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, we have registered 22116 of our facilities with NEAP with the objective of obtaining a “clean industry” certificate for each facility. During 2018, 692020, six of our facilities werere-certified and an additional 32 facilitesfour of our facilities were certified for the first time. The audits of the remaining 120Six more facilities are still under review. We will continue including new facilities under this program, as we expand our activitiescurrently in the areasprocess of exploration, exploitation, refining and distribution of hydrocarbons.obtaining certification.

During 2018, we did not experience any major incident that had significant environmental consequences. We did, however, experience the following five material blasts or hazardous events at our facilities, none of which had significant environmental consequences:

On February 6, 2018, an employee lost his life when struck by a heavy truck on a lubrication ramp at a Poza Rica garage.

On March 5, 2018, a subcontractor lost his life due to a fall while working on repairs at the Nejo 2D oil well.

On March 14, 2018, a contractor lost his life due to an accident at our Madero refinery, as he was applyingcorrosion-resistant coating at a lifting platform.

On June 26, 2018, a contractor lost his life due to an accident while inspecting a production pipe at the Arenque C platform.

On July 5, 2018, a tank truck from the Saltillo storage terminal overturned and caught fire. As a result of this accident, the driver of the tank truck lost his life and two passengers from another vehicle were injured.

As part of our accident prevention strategy, we conduct root cause investigations of all incidents that occur during our operations. These investigations allow us to identify the causes of accidents and establish corrective measures to avoid the recurrence of similar incidents.

During 2020, we did not register any major incident that had significant environmental consequences. We did, however, experience the following 8 hazardous events at our facilities.

On January 1, 2020, an employee lost his life due to inhaling hydrogen sulfide while taking measurements in the MJA-T-91 Primary Gasoline Tank at the Madero Refinery.

On February 10, 2020, a contractor los his life due to inhaling gases while checking the level of a tank at the well head in the Constituciones 1294 well of the Macropera Constituciones 313.

On March 7, 2020, three contractors lost their lives due to the collapse of a wall during manual excavation work carried out in response to a leak at the Cadereyta-Satellite pipeline.

On May 7, 2020, a contractor lost his life due to electrocution when the crane he was operating made contact with power cables at the Tintal 51D well.

On July 17, 2020, two employees lost their lives and one employee was injured when the PEMEX-365 boat sank in the vicinity of pier no. 7 of the Pajaritos storage and port services terminal.

On September 11, 2020, an employee lost her life due to inhaling fumes without respiratory protection equipment while taking oxidation samples at the Cactus GPC.

On October 14, 2020, an employee lost his life due to a fall when he leaned backwards to a railing without realizing that there was an inspection opening in the railing at such typepoint at walkway one of incident.the control tower of the Cadereyta storage and dispatch terminal.

On December 31, 2020, an employee lost his life due to an accident where he was struck by a reversing tank truck at the automotive workshop.

In 2018,2020, our lost time injury rate decreased 26.5% from 0.34remained the same, registering 0.24 accidents per million man-hours worked with exposure to risk, both in 2017 to 0.25 in 2018. The segment that contributed most to this decrease was our logistics segment.2019 and 2020. Pemex Exploration and Production and Pemex Corporate had the highest lost time injury rates during the year. Our lost days indicator due to injuries decreased 28.6%23.5%, from 2117 to 1513 lost days per millionman-hours worked with risk exposure from 20172019 to 2018.2020. Lost days are those missed as a result of incapacitating injuries suffered at work or those onfor which compensation is paid for partial, total or permanent incapacity or death. From 20172019 to 2018,2020, our contractors’ lost time injury rate increased 55.6%14.3%, from 0.090.14 to 0.140.16 injuries per millionman-hours worked with risk exposure.exposure, respectively.

In 2018,2020, our primary initiatives in industrial safety, health and environmental protection (or, EH(EH&S) included the following:

 

Monitored our Programa de Atención a los Riesgos Críticos A1 (A1 Critical Risks Attention Program). 98% of the authorized risks occurred at facilities which are not part of the National Refining System, as compared to 77.2% in 2019. In 2020, 81 out of 240 authorized risks were addressed. We are currently performing the critical risk assessment for 2021.

Our Verification Unit accredited 198 vessels subject to pressure in accordance with NOM-020 of the Secretaría de Trabajo y Previsión Social (Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare).

Weekly visitsImplemented safety priorities for facilities and personnel, including the verification of compliance by each of our subsidiaries.

Issued seven security alerts to and technical support for our productive subsidiary entities’ facilitiescoordinate security personnel at similar facilities.

Implemented institutional programs to supervise the alignment ofreinforce EH&S functionspractices, such as: layers of protection, planning, scheduling and execution of thePEMEX-SSPA system. The PEMEX-SSPA system is the system we developed, based on international best practices, to ensure compliancejobs with our EH&S policies, principlesrisk, prevention of falls, contractors safety and objectives,order and which we continue to evolve and improve;

Execution of the campaigns “Layers of Protection,” “Order and Cleaning” and “Planning and Safe Work Execution;”

Improved acccountability for EH&S leadership teams in our productive subsidiary entities;cleaning.

 

  

ApplicationImplemented the Revisión de Seguridad de Pre-Arranque(Pre-Start Safety Review) at Akal C6 (Pajaritos) to verify the safe operation of the PEMEX-SSPA effective execution program with theSindicato de Trabajadores Petroleros de la República Mexicana(the Petroleum Workers’ Union of the Mexican Republic, or the Petroleum Workers’ Union);strategic facilities.

 

ImplementationReinforced and communicated sanitary measures to avoid the spread of work cycles for critical procedures,COVID-19 in our facilities.

We plan to continue to carry out such as the opening of pipelines, electrical safety and special protection equipment for personnel;

Establishment of several task forcestrainings in critical facilities of the productive subsidiary entities to reverse causes of serious accidents;

Application of culture and leadership evaluations to command line personnel under our newPEMEX-SSPA system2021 in order to establish actions required to address critical elements;

Technical support to implement EH&S standards inreduce the new operating scenarios permitted under the Energy Reform;

Training of the EH&S professionals in four roles: auditing, establishing norms, traininglost time injury rate and technical support;

Supervision on compliance with theSistema de Seguridad Industrial, Seguridad Operativa y Protección Ambiental (The Industrial Safety, Operational Safety and Environmental Protection System, or SASISOPA) resolutions issued by ASEA, which establish certain requirements relating to industrial safety, operational safety and environmental protection, and which apply to Pemex Exploration and Production and Pemex Industrial Transformation;

Evolve the PEMEX-SSPA system to ensure disciplined execution and prioritization of leadership, risk management and the human factor;

Review of compliance with the twelve “zero tolerance” guidelines in thePEMEX-SSPA system;

Verification and advice in the application of nine critical safety procedures; and

Supervision of the execution of theBinomio project by EH&S professionals of the productive subsidiary entities. TheBinomioproject is an audit program with corresponding technical support for the effective execution of thePEMEX-SSPA system and the immediate verification and mitigation of risks.

Additionally, in 2018, as part ofmeet our continuous improvement of thePEMEX-SSPA system, we developed the Policies and Guidelines and the Operational Technical Guidesgoal established for the improvedPEMEX-SSPA system. In developing the foregoing, we consulted and incorporated international best practices and we adhered to the General Administrative Provisions of ASEA and the international standard ISO- 45001, which we believe strengthens ourPEMEX-SSPA system.year.

Environmental Liabilities

As of December 31, 2018,2020, our estimated and accrued environmental liabilities totaled Ps. 11,219.39,178.6 million. Of this total, Ps. 1,671.73,612.3 million belongpertained to Pemex Exploration and Production, Ps. 3,152.43,426.8 million to Pemex Industrial Transformation and Ps. 6,395.22,139.5 million to Pemex Logistics.

The following tables detail our environmental liabilities by productive subsidiary entity and operating region at December 31, 2018.2020.

Pemex Exploration and Production  Estimated Affected Area   Estimated Liability 
   (in hectares)   (in millions of pesos) 

Northern region

   437.5   Ps.         1,651.8 

Southern region

   523.0    1,757.8 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   960.5   Ps.         3,409.6 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

   Holding Ponds Drainage 
   Number of Holding Ponds
Reported as Liabilities
   Estimated Liability 
       (in millions of pesos) 

Southern region

   9   Ps.77.7 

Northern region

   44    125.0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   53   Ps.202.7 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total estimated environmental liabilities of Pemex Exploration and Production

     Ps     3,612.3 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

Pemex Industrial Transformation  Estimated Affected
Area
   Estimated Liability 
   (in hectares)   (in millions of pesos) 

Refineries

   285.5   Ps.3,316.0 

Complex gas processors

   6.1    110.8 

Total estimated environmental liabilities of Pemex Industrial Transformation

   291.6   Ps.3,426.8 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding

Source: Pemex Industrial Transformation.

Pemex Logistics  Estimated Affected
Area
   Estimated Liability 
   (in hectares)   (in millions of pesos) 

Storage and Distribution Terminals

   61.0   Ps.990.7 

Pipelines

   61.4    1,124.1 

Treatment and Logistics

   1.3    24.6 

Total estimated environmental liabilities of Pemex Logistics

   123.7   Ps.2,139.5 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pemex Exploration and Production

       Estimated Affected Area           Estimated Liability     
   (in hectares)   (in millions of pesos) 

Northern region

   417.4   Ps.  1,135.2 

Southern region

   228.3    366.7 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total(1)

   645.7   Ps.  1,501.9 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

During 2018, environmental remediation was completed on 60.81 hectares. There were 376.28 hectares of additional affected areas in 2018, as a result of spills from pipelines mainly.

Source:  PEMEX.

   Holding Ponds Drainage 
     Number of Holding Ponds  
Reported as Liabilities(1)
       Estimated Liability     
       (in millions of pesos) 

Southern region

   11   Ps.  20.8 

Northern region

   69    149.0 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   80    Ps. 169.8 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total estimated environmental liabilities of Pemex

Exploration and Production

    Ps.  1,671.7 
    

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

In 2018, no new ponds were added, and no holding ponds were restored. As a result, as of December 31, 2018, 80 ponds remain to be reported.

Source:

 Pemex Exploration and Production.

Pemex Industrial Transformation(1)

       Estimated Affected Area           Estimated Liability     
   (in hectares)   (in millions of pesos) 

Refineries

   285.5   Ps.  3,152.4 

Total estimated environmental liabilities of Pemex Industrial

Transformation

   285.5   Ps.  3,152.4 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding

(1)

In 2017, Pemex Industrial Transformation reported a total of 297.01 hectares of contaminated sites. Nevertheless, in 2018, the environmental liability of the Reynosa Gas Complex Processor (11.52 hectares) was transferred to the government of Tamaulipas, so the total environmental liabilities of Pemex Industrial Transformation at the end of 2018 is 285.5 hectares

Source:

 Pemex Industrial Transformation.

Pemex Logistics

       Estimated Affected Area           Estimated Liability     
   (in hectares)   (in millions of pesos) 

Storage and Distribution Terminals

   67.8   Ps.  1,178.7 

Pipelines

   600.4    5,216.5 

Total estimated environmental liabilities of Pemex Logistics

   668.2   Ps.   6,395.2 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Source:

Pemex Logistics.

Our estimates of environmental liabilities include cost estimates forsite-specific evaluation studies, which are based on previous evaluations for sites with comparablethe characteristics of the claim and the corresponding remediation. The remediation sites consist of facilities identified in the audit process described above, as well as those previously identified sites in more mature petroleum operating areas that were not cleaned up in the past. Our environmental liabilities also include the elimination of holding ponds created by abandoned petroleum wells. Additionally, our environmental liabilities include an accrual based on information received periodically from field managers regarding probable environmental liabilities identified in their respective areas of responsibility. We accrue environmental liabilities, when sufficient basic knowledge is available to form a preliminary estimation as to remediation cost. Although the full potential scope of the remediation cost may not be known with certainty, these accruals are made when the liability is probable and the amount may be reasonably estimated, in accordance with IAS 37 “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent

Assets” for IFRS purposes. These estimatedEstimated liabilities include assumptions resulting from an initial evaluation of damage, including land acreage to be remediated, depth and type of contamination. While the initial evaluation is extensive, thereThere is a possibility that the actual scope of remediation could vary depending upon information gathered during the initial evaluation and the remediation process. For a further discussion of our environmental liabilities, see Note3-K3-J and Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Unasserted or additional claims are not reflected in our identified liabilities. At the endAs of 2018,December 31, 2020, we were not aware of uncertainties with respect to joint and several liabilities that could affect our assessment of environmental contingencies or otherwise result in a major environmental liability. As a result, we believe we are positioned to know immediately of any claims and are therefore directly accountable for any claims that may be brought against us.

Pemex Exploration and Production remains responsible for handling existing environmental liabilities—these responsibilities are not part of the Integrated E&P Contracts. Nevertheless, the Integrated E&P Contracts include environmental clauses related to the contractors’ and Pemex Exploration and Production’s responsibility to ensure an adequate environmental performance, and also establish the terms for compensation and repair of any new environmental impacts.

The timinginitial evaluation and remediation of remediation or cleanup of theenvironmental liability sites to which these environmental liabilities relate isare dependent upon the annual budget approved by the Mexican Congress.

On August 1, 2017, we were granted a favorable judgment by the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, which determined that we are not liable for material and environmental damages caused by hydrocarbons spills related to illegal tapping of pipelines, since the environmental damage was caused by third party criminal behavior. As of the date of this annual report, there has been no definitive resolution with respect to our liability for such damages.

Environmental Projects and Expenditures

In 2018,2020, we spent Ps. 3,219.1468.7 million on environmental projects and related expenditures, as compared to Ps. 5,7601,846.4 million in 2017.2019. For 2019,2021, we have budgeted Ps. 832.3Ps 1,344.5 million for environmental projects and expenditures, including modernizationmodernizing of installations, implementation ofimplementing systems and mechanisms to monitor and control atmospheric pollution, acquisition ofacquiring equipment to address contingencies related to oil and gas spills, the expansion ofexpanding water effluent systems, restorationrestorating, and reforestation ofreforesting affected areas, studies forengaging in environmental investigationinvestigations and environmental audits. In addition, we continue to conduct research and development efforts to increase our capacity to produce gasoline, diesel and fuel oil with lower sulfur content at our refineries in Mexico.

We do not believe that the cost of complying with environmental laws or environmental requirements related to the NAFTAUSMCA among the governments of Mexico, the United States and Canada, the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, the Agreement on Environmental Cooperation between the Governments of Mexico and Canada or Mexico’s membership in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, has caused or will cause a significant increase in our environmental expenditures.

Social Responsibility

During 2018,2020, we implemented and continued various corporate social responsibility initiatives primarily with respect to the protection and preservation of the environment, relations within communities where we operate, ethical work practices, respect for labor rights and the general promotion of quality of life for communities and employees.engage in substantial operations.

Our corporate and social responsibility goals are carried out through the following mechanisms:

 

cash donations;

product donations of fuels and asphalt;

 

donations of movable properties;

mutually beneficial public works or mutual benefit projects, which are projects we carry out in collaboration with local authorities and communities to improve infrastructure that is beneficial both to us and to the community;

 

thePrograma de apoyo a la comunidad y medio ambiente (Program to support communities and the environment, which we refer to as PACMA), which supports and implements social programs, actions and public works designed to promote the economic and social development of the communities in which we operate and to protect their environment; and

the PACMA, which supports and implements social programs, designed to improve the social conditions of the communities in which we operate; and

 

other instruments that provide a positive impact on communities includingsuch as Integrated E&P Contracts, and the sustainable development annexes and clauses to our contracts (which we refer to as SD Annexes), inthrough which we and our contractors commit to improving the quality of life in communities where we operate, directly or indirectly.

In 2018,2020, the total value of our social responsibility donations and contributions amounted to Ps. 2,103.81,764.8 million. Our cashasphalt and fuel donations amounted to Ps. 22.0 million and our asphalt, fuel and movable property donations959.6 million. PACMA contributions amounted to Ps. 1,300.5 million. Contributions727.2 million, contributions made through provisions of our Integrated E&P Contracts amounted to Ps. 120.547.0 million SD Annexes amounted to Ps. 20.2 million and PACMA and mutual benefit project contributions amounted to Ps. 592.6 million and Ps. 48.0 million, respectively.31.0 million.

Approximately 90.1%97.7% of our donations and contributions were assigned to twelveeleven states with greater activity in the oil and gas industry (Campeche, Chiapas, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas and Veracruz)); and the remaining 9.9%2.3% to the remaining states.

Notably, we took the following specific actions in 2018:

2020:

contributed Ps. 1,320.9959.6 million in cashasphalt andin-kind fuel donations. Of our 2018 cash2020 asphalt andin-kind fuel donations, 66.7%76.4% was concentrated in the states of Tabasco, Campeche, Veracruz and Tamaulipas. Cash donations made during 2018 were used for conservation of natural areas and scholarship programs;

contributed a total of fourteen movable properties, which were delivered to the following states: Tabasco (three), Veracruz (two), Sinaloa (two), Campeche (one), Oaxaca (one), Hidalgo (one), Puebla (one), Chiapas (one), Tlaxcala (one) and Coahuila (one);

contributed, via our SD Annexes, Ps. 16.4 million in Veracruz, which was used for community health, education, sports and environmental protection, and Ps. 3.8 million in Puebla, which was directed towards community health and education;Tamaulipas;

 

contributed a total of Ps. 48.031.0 million via our mutual benefit projects, Ps. 47.429.0 million of which was directed towards the state of Tabasco. We also contributedTabasco and Ps. 0.62.0 million to mutual benefit projects intowards the state of Veracruz. These projects were mainly in infrastructure projects, such as the pavementpaving of roads, and for the construction of community use domes and the rehabilitation of schools;roads; and

 

carried out 6635 projects related to Integrated E&P Contracts in the states of Veracruz, Tamaulipas and TamaulipasPuebla for a total amount of Ps. 120.547.0 million. InWe contributed Ps. 34.0 million in Veracruz we contributed Ps.109.8and Ps. 13.0 million and in Tamaulipas we contributed Ps.10.7 million.Tamaulipas. These projects were mainly in the areas ofinfrastructure projects, education projects and sports infrastructure, environmental protection and community health.projects.

In addition, in 20182020 we made several donations under our PACMA program, approximately 38.8%program. Approximately 41.5% of whichdonations were allocated to Tabasco, approximately 28.0%23.1% to Veracruz and approximately 14.0%10.5% to Campeche. The remainder, or approximately 19.2%24.9%, was allocated to Tamaulipas, Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Puebla, Chiapas, Nuevo León San Luis Potosí, Chiapas, Tlaxcala and Yucatán. Specifically, in 2018 we contributed Ps. 220.9 million under this program to public safety and civil protection, mainly for security equipment and lighting systems. We also contributed Ps. 192.4 million under this program for infrastructure, mainly for the construction of community use domes and the pavement and rehabilitation of roads. Finally, we contributed an additional amount of Ps. 110.5 million under this program, Ps. 68.8 million of which is allocated to ambulances and health center equipment.Coahuila, among others.

In sum, we contributed Ps. 732.8 million to infrastructure, Ps. 1,105.4766.4 million to public safety and civil protection, Ps. 85.4591.6 million to infrastructure, Ps. 246.8 million to community health, Ps. 88.8 million to productive projects, Ps. 30.945.8 million to education and sports, Ps. 48.543.9 million to productive projects, Ps. 32.3 million to environmental protection and Ps. 12.038.0 million to community equity.equity projects.

TRADE REGULATION, EXPORT AGREEMENTS AND EXPORTPRODUCTION AGREEMENTS

Though Mexico is not a member of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (which we refer to as OPEC),OPEC, it has periodically announced increases and decreases in our crude oil exports reflecting production revisions made by other oil producing countries and entered into agreements with OPEC and non-OPEC members to reduce its oil exports, in order to contribute to crude oil prices stabilization. However, we have not changed

On April 12, 2020, Mexico entered into an agreement with OPEC and non-OPEC countries to reduce world crude oil production. Pursuant to this agreement, the OPEC+ countries agreed to reduce their overall crude oil production by 9.7 million barrels per day from May 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020, by 7.7 million barrels per day from July 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020 and by 5.8 million barrels per day from January 1, 2021 through April 30, 2022. In particular, Mexico agreed to reduce its, and in turn our, export goals becausecrude oil production by 100,000 barrels per day for a period of announcements made by OPEC since 2004,two months beginning on May 1, 2020. This agreement was intended to help mitigate the decrease in oil prices and we believedemand that has taken place as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mexico has no current plansnot agreed to change our current level of crude oil exports.additional production cuts since the April 12, 2020 agreement.

NAFTA

On July 1, 2020, the USMCA entered into force, replacing NAFTA. The USMCA has not affected Mexico’s rights, through usPEMEX or other companies, to explore and exploit crude oil and natural gas in Mexico, to refine and process crude oil and natural gas and to produce petrochemicals in Mexico. Since 2003,The USMCA continues the zero-tariff rate on the export of petrochemical products have enjoyed a zero tariff under NAFTA and, subject to limited exceptions, exports of crude oil and petroleum products from Mexico to the United States and Canada have been free or exempt from tariffs. Similarly, since 2003, Mexico’s imports of petroleum products from the United States and Canada have also been exempt from tariffs. In addition,that existed under NAFTA. However, any change in 2004, NAFTA approved lower tariffs on certain materials and equipment imported by Mexico. The zero tariff on Mexico’s imports of petrochemicals from the United States and Canada could have increased competition in the petrochemicals industry in Mexico. To the extent that domestic and international prices for our products remain constant, lower tariffs on products, materials and equipment that we import from and export to the United States and Canada, reduce our expenses and increase our revenue.

On November 30, 2018, the presidents oftrade relations between Mexico, the United States and Canada signedas a result of the UnitedStates-Mexico-Canada Agreement, orimplementation of the USMCA which, if ratified bycould require us to renegotiate our contracts, limit our ability to explore and exploit crude oil or natural gas in Mexico, increase the legislatures of the three countries, would replace NAFTA. As of the date of this annual report, there is uncertainty about whether the USMCA will be ratified, as well as the timing thereof,tariff rate and/or lose business, resulting in an adverse impact on our business and the potential for furtherre-negotiation, or even termination,results of NAFTA.our operations. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to Mexico—Economic and political developments in Mexico and the United States may adversely affect Mexican economic policy and, in turn, PEMEX’s operations.”

TAXES, DUTIES AND OTHER PAYMENTS TO THE MEXICAN GOVERNMENT

General

Taxes and duties applicable to us are a significant source of revenues to the Mexican Government. We contributed approximately 11.3%7.7% of the Mexican Government’s revenues in 20172019 and 11.0%3.7 in 2018.2020. In 2018,2020, we paid a number of special oil and gas taxes and duties, in addition to the other taxes and duties paid by some of the subsidiary companies, as described below under “—Other Taxes.” The fiscal regime in effect for Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities for 20182020 (which we refer to as the fiscal regime) became effective in 2015 and can be subsequently modified from time to time. The implementing legislation published in August 2014 set forth a fiscal regime applicable to the new contractual arrangements that governs exploration and production activities conducted in Mexico beginning on January 1, 2015, as well as a state dividend to be paid by Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities beginning on January 1, 2016. See “—Fiscal Regime” and “—Other Payments to the Mexican Government” below.

Fiscal Regime for PEMEX

Fiscal Regime

The Hydrocarbons Revenue Law sets forth, among other things, the following duties applicable to us in connection with our assignments granted by the Mexican Government:

 

  

Derecho por la Utilidad Compartida(Profit-Sharing Duty): As of January 1, 2015, this duty was equivalent to 70%70.0% of the value of oil and gas produced in the relevant area, less certain permitted deductions. Pursuant to the Hydrocarbons Revenue Law, this duty decreases on an annual basis. As of January 1, 2019, the rate of this duty was set at 65%. During 2018,2020, we accrued expenses of Ps. 443,294218,913 million in connection with this duty, an 18.8% increase froma 36.22% decrease as compared to the Ps. 372,903343,242 million paidaccrued in 2017,2019, primarily resulting from an increasea reduction in oil and gas prices. On August 18, 2017,prices and a decrease in the rate of the duty to 58%. In addition, the application of the decree was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation that increasedon April 21, 2020 decreased the duty by Ps. 65,000 million. As a result, the final amount we can deduct for investments, costs and expenses made pursuant todue by Pemex under this duty and resulted in a benefit ofwas Ps. 11,170 million.153,913 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

 

  

Derecho de Extracción de Hidrocarburos(Hydrocarbons (Hydrocarbons Extraction Duty): This duty is to be determined based on a rate linked to the type of hydrocarbons (e.g.hydrocarbon (e.g., crude oil, associated natural gas,non-associated natural gas or condensates), the volume of production and the relevant market price.price of such hydrocarbon. During 2018,2020, we paid Ps. 83,02737,674 million under this duty, a 41.9% increase from38.61% decrease as compared to the Ps. 58,52361,371 million paid in 2017,2019, mainly due to an increasea reduction in oil and gas prices.

 

  

Derecho de Exploración de Hidrocarburos( (Hydrocarbons Exploration Hydrocarbons Duty): TheFor the year ended December 31 2021, the Mexican Government is entitled to collect a monthly payment of Ps. 1,294.711,396.09 per square kilometer ofnon-producing areas. After 60 months, this duty increases to Ps. 3,096.043,338.46 per square kilometer for each additional month that the area is not producing. These amounts will be updated on an annual basis in accordance with the national consumer price index (NCPI). During 2018,2020, we paid Ps. 1,0271,069 million under this duty, a 4.7%1.81% increase fromas compared to the Ps. 9811,050 million paid in 2017.2019.

 

  

In 2018,2020, Mexican companies paid a corporate income tax at a rate of 30.0% applied to revenues, less certain deductions. Beginning in 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities became subject to theLey del Impuesto sobre la Renta, or Mexican Income Tax Law. During, 20182019 and 2017,2020, we did not pay any tax under this law, as compared to the Ps. 1,333 million we paid in 2016.law.

Under the 20182020 fiscal regime, some of our products are subject to the following IEPS Taxes,taxes, which we withhold from our customers and pay to the tax authorities. The IEPS tax is not included in our sales or expenses.

 

  

IEPS sobreSobre la ventaVenta de los combustibles automotricesCombustibles Automotrices (IEPS Tax on the Sale of Automotive Fuels): This tax is a fee on domestic sales of automotive fuels, gasoline and diesel, thatdiesel. Pemex Industrial Transformation collects the tax on behalf of the Mexican Government. The applicable fees for this tax are Ps. 4.594.95 per liter of Magna gasoline;gasoline, Ps. 3.884.18 per liter of Premium gasoline and Ps. 5.045.44 per liter of diesel. The amount of the fee will dependdepends on the class of fuel, andfuel. It is fixed yearly and adjusted on a weekly basis by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit. The fees apply to sales in Mexico and imports.

  

IEPS beneficioBeneficio de entidades federativas, municipiosEntidades Federativas, Municipios y demarcaciones territorialesDemarcaciones Territoriales (IEPS Tax in Favor of States, Municipalities and Territories): This tax is a fee on domestic sales of automotive fuels, gasoline and diesel, thatdiesel. Pemex Industrial Transformation collects the tax on behalf of the Mexican Government. The applicable fees for this tax are 40.5243.69 cents per liter of Magna gasoline 49.44with an octane level less than 91, 53.31 cents per liter of Premium gasoline with an octane level of 91 or greater and 33.6336.26 cents per liter of diesel. This fee changes yearly in accordance with inflation. Funds gathered bycollected from this feetax are allocated to Mexican states and municipalities as provided for in theLey de Coordinación Fiscal (Tax Coordination Law). The fees only apply to sales in Mexico and are not subject to VAT.

 

  

IEPSa los combustibles fóCombustibles Fósiles(IEPS (IEPS Tax on Fossil Fuels): This tax is a fee on domestic sales of fossil fuels thatfuels. Pemex Industrial Transformation collects the tax on behalf of the Mexican Government. The applicable fees for this tax are 6.937.48 cents per liter forof propane, 8.989.68 cents per liter forof butane, 12.1713.12 cents per liter forof gasoline and aviation gasoline, 14.5415.67 cents per liter forof jet fuel and other kerosene, 14.7615.92 cents per liter forof diesel, 15.7616.99 cents per liter forof fuel oil, Ps. 18.2919.72 per ton forof petroleum coke, Ps. 42.8846.23 per ton forof coal coke, Ps. 32.2934.81 per ton forof mineral carbon and Ps. 46.6750.32 per ton forof carbon from other fossil fuels. This fee changesThese fees change yearly in accordance with inflation and appliesapply to imports to Mexico.

The Hydrocarbons Revenue Law also establishes the fiscal terms to be applied to the contracts for exploration and production granted by the Mexican Government to us or to other companies in connection with potential future competitive bidding rounds. Specifically, these fiscal terms contemplate the following taxes, duties, royalties and other payments to the Mexican Government (in addition to any taxes owedpayable pursuant to theLey de Ingresos de la Federación (Federal Revenue Law) for the applicable year and other applicable tax laws):

 

  

Cuota Contractual para la Fase Exploratoria(Exploration (Exploration Phase Contractual Fee): During the exploration phase of a project governed by a license,production-sharing contract orprofit-sharing contract, the Mexican Government is entitled to collect a monthly payment of Ps. 1,294.71 per square kilometer ofnon-producing areas. After 60 months, this fee increases to Ps. 3,096.043,338.46 per square kilometer for each additional month that the area is not producing. The fee amount will be updated on an annual basis in accordance with the NCPI.

 

  

Regalías (Royalties): Royalty payments to the Mexican Government are determined based on the “contractual value” of the relevant hydrocarbons, whichhydrocarbons. The contractual value is determined based on a variety of factors, including the typetypes of underlying hydrocarbons (e.g.(e.g., crude oil, associated natural gas,non-associated natural gas or condensates), the volume of production and the market price. Royalties are payable in connection with licenses,production-sharing contracts andprofit-sharing contracts.

 

  

Pago del Valor Contractual (Contractual Value Payment): Licenses require a payment calculated as a percentage of the “contractual value” of the hydrocarbons produced, as determined by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit on acontract-by-contract basis.

 

  

Porcentaje a la Utilidad Operativa(Operating (Operating Profit Payment):Production-sharing contracts andprofit-sharing contracts require a payment equivalent to a specified percentage of operating profits. In the case ofproduction-sharing contracts, this payment is to be madein-kind through delivery of the hydrocarbons produced. In the case ofprofit-sharing contracts, this payment is to be made in cash.

 

  

Bono a la Firma(Signing (Signing Bonus): Upon execution of a license or migration of an assignment, a signing bonus is to be paid to the Mexican Government in an amount specified by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit.

 

  

Impuesto por la actividad de Exploración y Extracción de Hidrocarburos (Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Activities Tax): Contracts for exploration and extraction and assignments granted by the Mexican Government will include a specified tax on the exploration and extraction activities carried out in the relevant area. A monthly tax of Ps. 1,688.741,820.97 per square kilometer is payable during the exploration phase until the extraction phase begins. During the extraction phase of a project, a monthly tax of Ps. 6,754.997,283.92 per square kilometer is payable until the relevant contract for exploration and extraction or assignment is terminated.

Under the Hydrocarbons Revenue Law, exploration and production activities associated with contracts for exploration and production are not subject to a value added tax.

Fluctuating crude oil price levels directly affect the level of certain taxes and duties that we pay. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—We pay significant taxes and duties to the Mexican Government, and, if certain conditions are met, to pay a state dividend, which may limit our capacity to expand our investment program or negatively impact our financial condition generally.”

Other Payments to the Mexican Government

Pursuant to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, as of January 1, 2016, Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities are required to pay a state dividend to the Mexican Government on an annual basis. In July of each year, Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities are required to provide the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit a report disclosing their financial results for the previous fiscal year and their investment and financing plans for the following five years, together with an analysis of the profitability of these investments and the relevant projections of their financial positions. The Ministry of Finance and Public Credit will rely on this report and a favorable opinion issued by a technical committee of the Mexican Petroleum Fund for Stabilization and Development to determine the amount of the state dividend to be paid by Petróleos Mexicanos and each of the subsidiary entities. The Petróleos Mexicanos Law provides that the aggregate amount of the state dividend to be paid in 2016 was to be equal to, at minimum, 30%30.0% of the total revenues of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities, after taxes, from the previous fiscal year. It further provides that that percentage will decrease in subsequent years, until reaching 15% in 2021 and 0% in 2026. In accordance with the Federal Revenue Law for 2016, the Federal Revenue Law for 2017, the Federal Revenue Law for 2018, 2019 and the Federal Revenue Law for 2019,2020, Petróleos Mexicanos was not required to pay a state dividend in 2016, 20172018, 2019 and 20182020 and will not be required to pay a state dividend in 2019.2021.

The following table sets forth the taxes and duties that we recorded for each of the past three years.

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2016  2017  2018 
   (in millions of pesos)(1) 

Hydrocarbon extraction duties and others

   Ps.            277,162   Ps.            338,044   Ps.            469,934 

Income tax

   (12,640  (5,064  (8,355
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

   Ps.             264,522   Ps.            332,980   Ps.            461,579 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   Year ended December 31, 
   2018   2019   2020 
   (in millions of pesos)(1) 

Hydrocarbon extraction duties

  Ps.469,934   Ps.372,813   Ps. 154,609 

Income tax (benefit) expense

   (8,355   (28,989   30,963 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.  461,579   Ps.  343,824   Ps.  185,572 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Note:

For a description of these taxes and duties, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government.” Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source:

Source: PEMEX’s audited financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Other Taxes

Since 1994, our interest payments on our external debt have been subject to Mexican Government withholding taxes. Nevertheless, withholding taxes do not represent a substantial portion of our total tax liability.

We are subject to municipal and state taxes, such as real property and payroll taxes. However, because most of our facilities are located on federal property, which is not subject to municipal taxation, real property taxes are not a significant part of our overall taxes. Similarly, payroll taxes do not represent a substantial portion of our total tax liability.

In addition, we have a number ofnon-Mexican subsidiary companies that may be subject to taxation in the jurisdiction of their incorporation or operations. The aggregate taxes paid by the subsidiary companies were Ps. 7,200.9 millionin 2016, Ps. 2,536.3 million in 2017 and Ps. 1,616.7 million in 2018.2018, Ps. 3,090.2 million in 2019 and Ps. 2,298.8 million in 2020.

No assurance can be given that our tax regime will not change in the future. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—We pay significant taxes and duties to the Mexican Government, and, if certain conditions are met, to pay a state dividend, which may limit our capacity to expand our investment program or negatively impact our financial condition generally.”

UNITED MEXICAN STATES

The information in this section with regard to Mexico has been derived from publicly available information published by, or on the websites of, the Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (National Banking and Securities Commission), Banco de México (the Mexican central bank), the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit and the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI).

Form of Government

The President of Mexico (or the President) is the chief of the executive branch of the Mexican Government. The President is elected by the popular vote of Mexican citizens who are eighteen years of age or older. The Mexican Constitution limits the President to onesix-year term; the President may not run for reelection. General elections were held in Mexico on July 1, 2018. Mr. Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the candidate from the National Regeneration Movement, was elected president. Mr. Andrés Manuel López Obrador took office on December 1, 2018, replacing President Enrique Peña Nieto, a member of thePartido Revolucionario Institucional(Institutional Revolutionary Party, or PRI). President López Obrador will serve for five years and ten months due to a change of the inauguration date effective starting in 2024.

From 1929 to 1994, the PRI won all presidential elections, and, from 1929 until July 1997, the PRI held a majority of the seats in both chambers of the Mexican Congress. From 1929 until 1989, the PRI also won all of the state gubernatorial elections. In July 2000, the candidate from theAlianza por el Cambio (Alliance for Change), a coalition of thePartido Acción Nacional (National Action Party, or PAN), the oldest opposition party in the country, and thePartido Verde Ecologista de México (Ecological Green Party), won the presidential election.

Each of Mexico’s 31 states is headed by a state governor. Mexico’s Federal District, Mexico City, is headed by an elected mayor.

Legislative authority is vested in the Mexican Congress, which is composed of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Members of the Mexican Congress are elected either directly or through a system of proportional representation by the popular vote of Mexican citizens who are 18 years of age or older. The Senate is composed of 128 members, 96 of whom are elected directly, while the other 32 are elected through a system of proportional representation. The Chamber of Deputies is composed of 500 members, 300 of whom are elected directly by national electoral districts, while the other 200 are elected through a system of proportional representation. Under this proportional representation system, seats are allocated to political party representatives based on the proportion of the votes cast for those parties that receive at least 3.0% of the national vote, among other requirements.

The Mexican Constitution provides that the President may veto bills and that the Mexican Congress may override such vetoes with atwo-thirds majority vote of each chamber.

Senators serve asix-year term and deputies serve a three-year term. Federal deputies are eligible for immediate reelection for up to four term periods and senators are eligible for immediate reelection for up to two term periods. Congressional elections for all 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies were last held on July 1, 2018. The new Congress took office on September 1, 2018. The following table provides the distribution as of March 29, 2019 of Congressional seats, reflecting certainpost-election changes in the party affiliations of certain senators and deputies.

Party Representation in the Mexican Congress(1) 
   Senate   Chamber of Deputies 
           Seats                   % of Total                       Seats                       % of Total         

National Regeneration Movement

   59    46.1%    259    51.8% 

National Action Party

   24    18.8%      78    15.6% 

Institutional Revolutionary Party

   14    10.9%      47    9.4% 

Citizen Movement Party

   8    6.3%      28    5.6% 

Labor Party

   6    4.7%      28    5.6% 

Ecological Green Party of Mexico

   6    4.7%      11    2.2% 

Social Encounter Party

   5    3.9%      29    5.8% 

Democratic Revolution Party

   5    3.9%      11    2.2% 

Unaffiliated

   1    0.8%        9    1.8% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   128    100.0%        500    100.0% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)    As of March 29, 2019. Individual members of Congress may change party affiliations.

Source: Senate and Chamber of Deputies.

The Economy

General

According to World Bank data, the Mexican economy, as measured by 2016 gross domestic product (GDP) (at current prices in U.S. dollars), is the 15th largest in the world. The Mexican economy had a real GDP of Ps. 18,157.0 billion in 2017.

Gross Domestic Product

The following table sets forth the percentage change in Mexico’s real GDP by economic sector in percentage terms for the periods indicated.

Real GDP Growth by Sector

(% change against prior years)(1)

         2013          2014          2015          2016           2017(2)           2018(2)     

GDP

    1.4%  2.8%  3.3%   2.9   2.1   2.0

Primary activities:

              

Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting and
livestock(3)

    2.3  3.8  2.1   3.8    3.2   2.4

Secondary Activities:

              

Mining

    (0.6)  (1.9)  (4.4)   (4.1   (8.2)%    (5.5)% 

Utilities

    0.6  8.1  1.7   0.1    (0.4)%    2.1

Construction

    (1.6)  2.7  2.4   2.0    (0.9)%    0.6

Manufacturing

    0.5  4.0  2.7   1.5    2.8   1.7

Tertiary Activities:

              

Wholesale and retail trade

    1.7  3.8  4.4   2.8    3.4   3.1

Transportation and warehousing

    2.5  3.5  4.3   3.1    4.2   3.1

Information

    4.3  4.5  716.9      19.1    8.5   6.0

Finance and insurance

    16.0  8.6  14.8   12.2    5.8   6.3

Real estate, rental and leasing

    0.9  1.8  2.5   2.0    1.6   1.9

Professional, scientific and technical services

    (1.2)  1.7  4.2   7.5    0.4   1.3

Management of companies and enterprises

    (1.7)  7.2  4.3   (0.2   1.5   (0.4)% 

Administrative support, waste management and remediation services

    4.4  (0.3)  (1.3)   4.3    5.9   5.1

Education services

    0.5  0.5  (0.1)   1.0    1.2   0.2

Health care and social assistance

    1.1  (0.3)  (1.8)   2.7    1.3   2.5

Arts, entertainment and recreation

    7.0  (4.2)  4.1   4.5    2.0   0.2

Accommodation and food services

    1.1  2.7  7.5   3.2    4.1   1.0

Other services (except public administration)

    1.8  1.4  2.4   2.6    (0.2)%    (1.1)% 

Public administration

    (1.4)  2.0  2.4   0.3    0.2   1.8

 

Note:Item 4A.

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Based on GDP calculated in constant pesos with purchasing power as of December 31, 2013.

(2)

Preliminary figures.

(3)

GDP figures relating to agricultural production set forth in this table and elsewhere herein are based on figures for “agricultural years,” with the definition of the relevant “agricultural year” varying from crop to crop based on the season during which it is grown. Calendar year figures are used for the other components of GDP.Unresolved Staff Comments

Source: INEGI.Not applicable.

According to preliminary figures, Mexico’s GDP increased by 2.0% in real terms during 2018. This reflects slower growth as compared to an increase of 2.1% in 2017, mainly due to low industrial activity throughout the year and a negative trend in investment. In particular, investment was affected by a drop in construction and production of machinery, global economic slowdown and a greater level of uncertainty regarding policies to be implemented by the administration. The decreases in industrial activity and investment were partially offset by an increase in internal demand, which was boosted by increasing consumption of goods and services.

Employment and Labor

According to preliminaryTasa de Desocupación Abierta (open unemployment rate) figures, Mexico’s unemployment rate was 3.4% as of December 31, 2018, a 0.3 percentage point increase from the rate registered on December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2018, the economically active population was 56.0 million individuals.

On December 20, 2018, President López Obrador, along with authorities of theSecretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social (Ministry of Labor) and theComisión Nacional de los Salarios Mínimos (National Minimum Wage Commission), announced a new policy for determining the minimum wage. Under the new policy, Mexico will have two minimum wages: one rate applicable to municipalities located on the border with the United States, which were included in a newly created Northern Border Free Trade Zone, and a different rate applicable to the rest of Mexico.

Along with the new policy, the National Minimum Wage Commission announced the following new minimum wages, which have been in effect since January 1, 2019: Ps. 176.72 per day for municipalities in the Northern Border Free Trade Zone, a 100% increase from the minimum wage of Ps. 88.36 per day in effect prior to January 1, 2019, and Ps. 102.68 per day for the rest of Mexico, a 16.2% increase from the prior minimum wage.

Principal Sectors of the Economy

Manufacturing

The following table sets forth the change in industrial manufacturing output by sector for the periods indicated.

Industrial Manufacturing Output Differential by Sector(1)

           2013                 2014               2015(2)             2016(2)             2017(2)             2018(2)     

Food

       0.9%      0.2%      2.2%      2.7%      1.8%      1.8% 

Beverage and tobacco products

     0.7         3.3         5.3         7.6         1.9      5.6 

Textile mills

     (2.4)        (1.9)        5.0         (0.7)        (0.8)      2.0 

Textile product mills

     0.4         5.9         6.9         3.9         (10.8)      6.6 

Apparel

     3.5         (0.2)        4.1         (1.7)        0.5      0.8 

Leather and allied products

     (0.8)        (0.7)        1.9         (0.7)   ��    (1.3)      (1.9) 

Wood products

     (2.5)        1.4         3.8         (4.7)        4.8      (2.1) 

Paper

     2.3         2.7         3.5         3.5         2.1      1.2 

Printing and related support activities

     (7.8)        (0.2)        2.0         0.4         (1.7)      7.4 

Petroleum and coal products

     4.1         (4.8)        (7.1)        (13.1)        (18.4)      (16.9) 

Chemicals

     1.2         (1.3)        (3.6)        (2.8)        (1.7)      (0.5) 

Plastics and rubber products

     (5.4)        2.5         5.8         (0.9)        3.4      1.3 

Nonmetallic mineral products

     (2.5)        2.8         6.6         2.3         2.4      0.8 

Primary metals

     (0.1)        8.1         (5.6)        1.9         1.5      (1.8) 

Fabricated metal products

     (9.2)        5.4         3.4         0.8         0.7      1.3 

Machinery

     (11.9)        9.0         0.9         1.6         8.3      1.4 

Computers and electronic products

     5.1         12.7         7.5         6.1         6.8      3.7 

Electrical equipment, appliances and components

     (1.9)        6.8         5.8         4.5         1.0      1.9 

Transportation equipment

     5.9         9.6         6.8         1.2         8.3      3.8 

Furniture and related products

     (5.8)        (3.4)        7.2         (3.4)        (4.2)      6.5 

Miscellaneous

     0.3         3.2         3.3         3.9         6.1      (2.9) 
    

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total expansion/contraction

     0.5         4.0         2.7         1.5         2.8      1.7 
    

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 

(1)    Percent change against prior years. Percent change reflects differential in constant 2013 pesos.

(2)    Preliminary figures.

Source: INEGI.

Financial System

Monetary Policy, Inflation and Interest Rates

Banco de México’s M1 monetary aggregate consists of bills and coins held by the public,plus: (1) checking accounts denominated in local currency and foreign currency; (2) interest-bearing deposits denominated in pesos and operated by debit cards; and (3) savings and loan deposits. M2 consists of M1,plus: (1) bank deposits; (2) Mexican Government-issued securities; (3) securities issued by firms andnon-bank financial intermediaries; and (4) Mexican Government and INFONAVIT liabilities related to the Retirement Savings System. M3 consists of M2,plus financial assets issued in Mexico and held bynon-residents. M4 consists of M3,plus deposits abroad at foreign branches and agencies of Mexican banks.

The following table shows Mexico’s M1 and M4 money supply aggregates at each of the dates indicated. The data in this table was calculated in accordance with the methodology for calculating money supply aggregates adopted on January 31, 2018 to reflect the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual and Compilation Guide published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2016 and applied to all historical figures from December 31, 2000.

   Money Supply 
   December 31, 
   2013   2014   2015   2016   2017   2018(1) 
   (in millions of nominal pesos) 

M1:

            

Bills and coins

   Ps.    792,928   Ps.    928,052   Ps.    1,087,271    Ps.  1,261,697    Ps.  1,372,884    Ps.  1,494,949 

Checking deposits

            

In domestic currency

   1,080,978    1,168,417    1,299,508    1,472,683    1,630,929    1,746,611 

In foreign currency

   189,020    232,467    333,094    469,185    537,826    506,151 

Interest-bearing peso
deposits

   438,012    534,973    614,312    647,414    702,744    739,278 

Savings and loan deposits

   11,097    12,598    14,560    17,332    19,635    23,797 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total M1

   Ps.  2,511,369   Ps.  2,876,506   Ps.  3,348,743    Ps.  3,868,311    Ps. 4,264,018    Ps. 4,510,786 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

M4

   Ps.  8,648,389   Ps.  9,630,957   Ps. 10,127,696    Ps.10,818,147    Ps.11,705,849    Ps. 12,285,498 

Note:  Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)        Preliminary figures.

Source:  Banco de México.

Consumer inflation for 2018 was 4.8%, which was aboveBanco de México’s 3.0% (+/- 1.0%) target inflation for the year and 2.0 percentage points lower than the 6.8% consumer inflation for 2017. This was mainly a combined result of the monetary policy actions implemented byBanco de México, which helped anchormid- and long-term expectations, as well as lower annual growth rates in energy prices, such as LP gas, gasoline and electricity rates.

The following table shows, in percentage terms, the changes in price indices and annual increases in the minimum wage for the periods indicated.

Changes in Price Indices

       National Producer
    Price Index(1)(3)(4)(5)     
      National Consumer    
Price Index(1)(2)
  Increase in
  Minimum Wage(6)  

2013

  1.6  4.0  3.9

2014

  3.3  4.1  3.9

2015

  2.8  2.1  6.9

2016

  8.5  3.4  4.2

2017

  6.8  4.7  10.4

2018

  4.8  6.4  –  

2019

      –  

January

  4.4  5.0  –  

February

  3.9  4.5  –  

(1)    For annual figures, changes in price indices are calculated each December.

(2)    For 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 National Consumer Price Index takes the second half of December 2010 as a base date. For 2018 and 2019 National Consumer Price Index uses the second half of July 2018 as a base date.

(3)    National Producer Price Index figures represent the changes in the prices for basic merchandise and services (excluding oil prices). The index is based on a methodology implemented

         in June 2012.

(4)    2018 and 2019 figures are preliminary

(5)    National Producer Price Index takes June 2012 as a base date.

(6)    Increase in Minimum Wage numbers for 2019 and 2019 not available.

Sources: INEGI; Ministry of Labor.

During 2018, interest rates on28-dayCetes averaged 7.6%, as compared to 6.7% in 2017. Interest rates on91-dayCetes averaged 7.8%, as compared to 6.9% in 2017.

For March 28, 2019, the28-dayCetes rate was 7.9% and the91-dayCetes rate was 8.1%.

Exchange Controls and Foreign Exchange Rates

On March 28, 2019, the peso/dollar exchange rate closed at Ps. 19.3793 = U.S.$1.00, a 1.6% appreciation in dollar terms as compared to the rate on December 31, 2018. The peso/dollar exchange rate published byBanco de México on March 26, 2019 (which took effect on the second business day thereafter) was Ps. 19.3500 = U.S.$1.00.

Securities Markets

TheBolsa Mexicana de Valores (Mexican Stock Exchange, or BMV) is the largest authorized stock exchange involved in the listing and trading of equity and debt securities in Mexico. The BMV is asociedad anónima bursátil de capital variable (public company). Both debt and equity securities are listed and traded on the BMV, including stocks and bonds of private sector corporations, equity certificates or shares issued by banks, commercial paper, bankers’ acceptances, certificates of deposit, Mexican Government debt and special hedging instruments.

The Mexican equity market is one of Latin America’s largest in terms of market capitalization, but it remains relatively small and illiquid compared to major world markets.

On August 29, 2017, as part of its program to develop the Mexican securities market, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit published a concession for a new stock exchange. The newBolsa Institutional de Valores (Institutional Stock Exchange, or BIVA) began operations on July 26, 2018.

The BMV publishes theÍndice de Precios y Cotizaciones (Stock Market Index, or IPC) based on a group of the thirty-five most actively traded shares.

On March 28, 2019, the IPC stood at 42,942 points, representing a 3.1% increase from the level at December 31, 2018.

Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments

Foreign Trade

The following table provides information about the value of Mexico’s merchandise exports and imports (excluding tourism) for the periods indicated.

Exports and Imports

   2013  2014  2015  2016  2017  2018(1) 
   (in millions of U.S. dollars, except average price of the Mexican crude oil mix) 

Merchandise exports (f.o.b.)

       

Oil and oil products

  U.S.$49,481  U.S.$42,369  U.S.$23,100  U.S.$18,825  U.S.$23,701  U.S.$30,572 

Crude oil

   42,712   35,638   18,451   15,582   20,023   26,483 

Other

   6,770   6,731   4,648   3,243   3,678   4,089 

Non-oil products

   330,534   354,542   357,450   355,122   385,700   420,000 

Agricultural

   11,246   12,181   12,971   14,672   15,828   16,255 

Mining

   4,714   5,064   4,505   4,368   5,427   6,232 

Manufactured goods(2)

   314,573   337,297   339,975   336,081   364,445   397,514 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total merchandise exports

   380,015   396,912   380,550   373,947   409,401   450,572 

Merchandise imports (f.o.b.)

       

Consumer goods

   57,329   58,299   56,279   51,950   57,333   63,111 

Intermediate goods(2)

   284,823   302,031   297,713   295.395   322,022   355,280 

Capital goods

   39,057   39,647   41,240   39,719   41,014   45,885 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total merchandise imports

   381,210   399,977   395,232   387,064   420,369   464,277 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Trade balance

  U.S.$(1,195 U.S.$(3,066 U.S.$(14,683 U.S.$(13,118 U.S.$(10,968 U.S.$(13,704
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Average price of
Mexican oil mix(3)

  U.S.$98.44  U.S.$85.48  U.S.$43.12  U.S.$35.65  U.S.$46.79  U.S.$61.34 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)    Preliminary figures.

(2)    Includes thein-bond industry.

(3)    In U.S. dollars per barrel.

Source: Banco de México / PEMEX.

Balance of Payments and International Reserves

In 2018, Mexico’s current account registered a deficit of 1.8% of GDP, or U.S.$22.2 million, a slight increase from the current account deficit in 2017 of 1.7% of GDP, or U.S.$19.4 million. The increase in the current account deficit, as compared to 2017, was principally due to increases in the deficits of the petroleum commercial balance and the primary income account. These increases were partially offset by a greater surplus of the secondary income account, which was the result of record high remittances as well as a greater surplus balance of thenon-petroleum commercial

balance. In particular, in the current account deficit in the fourth quarter of 2018 was higher than the deficit during the same period of 2017 in the context of a weakening of the global economy and increased trade tensions at a global scale.

The Mexican Government gradually removed price controls on gasoline and diesel over the course of 2017 to liberalize domestic fuel prices so that they are determined according to market forces. Domestic fuel prices may vary without regard to any specific range determined by the Mexican Government. On December 27, 2016, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit announced an increase, effective January 1, 2017, in the maximum gasoline and diesel prices to be applied in certain regions of Mexico, which caused an increase of gasoline prices of up to 20% in those areas. The removal of price controls and the resulting price increases led to protests across Mexico. Mexico cannot predict the effect of changes in gasoline and diesel prices and any related political and social unrest on the Mexican economy or whether the Mexican Government may alter its strategy for price liberalization in the future. The December 27, 2016 announcement by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit further provided that the maximum fuel prices applicable to each region of the country would be determined daily as of February 18, 2017.

The following table sets forthBanco de México’s international reserves and net international assets at the end of each period indicated.

International Reserves and Net International Assets(3)

 

 

Year

          End-of-Period         
International

Reserves(1)(2)
   End-of-Period
Net International Assets
 
   (in millions of U.S. dollars) 

2013

  U.S.$    176,579           U.S.$    178,686         

2014

   193,045            196,288         

2015

   176,735            177,629         

2016

   176,542            178,057         

2017

   172,802            175,479         

2018(4)

   174,609            176,096         

2019(4)

    

January

   175,156            179,970         

February

   175,694            180,589         

 

(1)Item 5.

Includes gold, Special Drawing Rights (international reserve assets created by the IMF)Operating and foreign exchange holdings.Financial Review and Prospects

(2)

“International reserves” are equivalent to: (a) gross international reserves, minus (b) international liabilities ofBanco de México with maturities of less than six months.

(3)

“Net international assets” are defined as: (a) gross international reserves, plus (b) assets with maturities greater than six months derived from credit agreements with central banks, less (x) liabilities outstanding to the IMF and (y) liabilities with maturities of less than six months derived from credit agreements with central banks.

(4)

Preliminary figures.

Source: Banco de México.

Public Finance

Fiscal Policy

ThePrograma Nacional de Financiamiento del Desarrollo 2013-2018 (National Program to Finance Development 2013-2018, or PRONAFIDE), which was approved on December 16, 2013, establishes the Mexican Government’s fiscal policy goals. These goals include securing sufficient fiscal resources to strengthen social infrastructure and productivity. To this end, PRONAFIDE has outlined several specific objectives, including the promotion of economic development and macroeconomic stability on a federal and state level, as well as the improvement of the financial system, to generate additional resources and to transform the financial system into a simpler, more progressive and more transparent system through spending efficiency and the facilitation of access to financial services.

2018 UMS Budget and Fiscal Results

On September 8, 2017, the President of Mexico submitted the proposed Federal Revenue Law for 2018 and the proposedPresupuesto de Egresos de la Federación para el Ejercicio Fiscal 2018 (Federal Expenditure Budget for 2018, or the 2018 Expenditure Budget) to the Mexican Congress for its approval. The Federal Revenue Law for 2018 was approved by the Chamber of Deputies on October 19, 2017 and by the Senate on October 27, 2017. The Federal Revenue Law for 2018 was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on November 15, 2017. The 2018 Expenditure Budget was approved by the Chamber of Deputies on November 9, 2017 and was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on November 29, 2017. We refer to these two bills together as Mexico’s 2018 budget (the 2018 UMS Budget).

The following table illustrates the composition of public sector budgetary revenues for 2017 and 2018.

   Actual         
  2017   2018 (1)   2018
Budget (2)
   2019
Budget (2)
 
   (in billions of pesos)(3) 

Budgetary revenues

   Ps.   4,947.6    Ps.   5,113.1    Ps.   4,778.3    Ps.   5,298.2 

Mexican Government

   3,838.1    3,871.6    3,584.9    3,952.4 

Taxes

   2,849.5    3,062.3    2,957.5    3,311.4 

Income tax

   1,573.8    1,664.6    1,566.2    1,752.5 

Value-added tax

   816.0    922.2    876.9    995.2 

Excise taxes

   367.8    347.4    421.8    437.9 

Import duties

   52.3    65.5    47.3    70.3 

Tax on the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons

   4.3    5.5    4.7    4.5 

Export duties

   0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0 

Other

   35.2    57.1    40.5    51.0 

Non-tax revenue

   988.5    809.3    627.4    641.0 

Fees and tolls

   61.3    64.3    46.4    46.3 

Transfers from the Mexican Petroleum Fund for Stabilization and Development

   442.9    541.7    456.8    520.7 

Contributions

   7.8    9.8    6.4    6.8 

Fines and surcharges

   476.5    193.4    117.8    67.2 

Other

   0.1    0.1    0.0    0.0 

Public enterprises and agencies

   1,109.5    1,241.5    1,193.4    1,345.8 

PEMEX

   389.8    436.8    423.3    524.3 

Others

   719.7    804.6    770.0    821.5 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Preliminary figures.

(2)

Figures for the 2018 UMS Budget, as published in the Official Gazette on November 29, 2017, and the 2019 UMS Budget, as published in the Official Gazette on December 28, 2018, represent budgetary estimates based on the economic assumptions contained in the General Economic Policy Guidelines and in the Economic Program for 2018 and the General Economic Policy Guidelines and in the Economic Program for 2019, respectively. These figures do not reflect actual results for the year or updated estimates of Mexico’s 2018 and 2019 economic results.

(3)

Current pesos.

Source: Ministry of Finance and Public Credit.

2019 UMS Budget

On December 15, 2018, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit submitted the proposed Federal Revenue Law for 2019 and the proposedPresupuesto de Egresos de la Federación para el Ejercicio Fiscal 2019 (Federal Expenditure Budget for 2019, or the 2019 Expenditure Budget) to the Mexican Congress for its approval. The Federal Revenue Law for 2019 was approved by the Senate on December 20, 2018. The 2019 Expenditure Budget was approved by the Chamber of Deputies on December 23, 2018. They were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on December 28, 2018. We refer to these two bills together as Mexico’s 2019 budget (the 2019 UMS Budget).

Public Debt

Internal Public Debt

The Mexican Government’s “net internal debt” includes only the internal portion of indebtedness incurred directly by the Mexican Government and the assets of theFondo del Sistema de Ahorro Para el Retiro(Retirement Savings System Fund). In addition, “net internal debt” is comprised ofCetesand other securities sold to the public in auctions for new issuances (primary auctions) but does not include any debt allocated toBanco de Méxicofor its use inRegulación Monetaria (regulating the money supply). It also does not include debt by theInstituto para la Protección al Ahorro Bancario (Bank Savings Protection Institute, or IPAB) or the debt of budget-controlled or administratively-controlled agencies.

Over the last two decades, the Mexican Government has actively sought to increase its average debt maturity date. Accordingly, the Mexican Government has issued new debt instruments bearing longer maturities. In doing so, the Mexican Government hopes to mitigate any risk associated with the refinancing of its internal public debt. This practice has had the effect of establishing a long-dated benchmark yield curve. These issuances have also encouraged long-term investments in the following areas: (1) fixed-rate contracts; (2) peso-denominated securities of Mexican companies; (3) Mexican financial hedging products; and (4) long-term investment projects financed by long-term savings.

The following table summarizes the gross and net internal debt of the Mexican Government at each of the dates indicated.

Gross and Net Internal Debt of the Mexican Government(1)

   At December 31, 
   2013   2014   2015   2016   2017   2018(2) 
   (in billions of pesos, except percentages) 
Gross Debt                                            

Government Securities

   Ps. 3,734.1    91.9%    Ps. 4,223.3    92.9%    Ps. 4,701.2    92.7%    Ps. 4,915.3    87.5%    Ps. 5,326.0    90%    Ps. 5,837.0    90.8% 

Cetes

   635.6    15.6    678.7    14.9    655.8    12.9    634.7    11.3    701.6    11.9    734.5    11.4 

Floating Rate Bonds

   216.6    5.3    232.6    5.1    296.5    5.8    397.9    7.1    471.3    8.0    548.2    8.5 

Inflation-Linked Bonds

   888.7    21.9    1,011.1    22.2    1,196.6    23.6    1,223.5    21.8    1,397.7    23.6    1,656.0    25.8 

Fixed Rate Bonds

   1,989.6    49.0    2,295.8    50.5    2,546.2    50.2    2,652.1    47.2    2,747.9    46.4    2,890.3    45.0 

STRIPS of Udibonos

   3.6    0.1    5.1    0.1    6.1    0.1    7.2    0.1    7.6    0.1    7.9    0.1 

Other(3)

   329.1    8.1    323.3    7.1    372.8    7.3    705.0    12.5    594.1    10.0    592.4    9.2 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Gross Debt

   Ps. 4,063.2    100.0 %    Ps. 4,546.6    100.0%    Ps. 5,074.0    100.0 %    5,620.3    100.0 %    Ps. 5,920.2    100.0 %    Ps. 6,429.3    100.0 % 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Debt

                      

Financial Assets(4)

   (169.3)      (222.5)      (259.9)      (224.0)      205.9      225.7   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

Total Net Debt

   Ps. 3,893.9      Ps. 4,324.1      Ps. 4,814.1      Ps. 5,396.3      Ps. 5,714.3      Ps. 6,203.6   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

   

Gross Internal Debt/GDP(5)

   25.0%      26.0%      27.4%      28.0%      27.0%      27.3%   

Net Internal Debt/GDP(5)

   23.9%      24.7%      26.0%      26.8%      26.1%      26.3%   

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Internal debt figures do not include securities sold byBanco de México in open-market operations to manage liquidity levels pursuant toRegulación Monetaria. This is because the securities do not increase the Mexican Government’s overall level of internal debt.Banco de México must reimburse the Mexican Government for any allocated debt thatBanco de México sells into the secondary market and that is presented to the Mexican Government for payment. IfBanco de México undertakes extensive sales of allocated debt in the secondary market, however, this can result in an elevated level of outstanding internal debt as compared to the Mexican Government’s figure for net internal debt.

(2)

Preliminary figures.

(3)

Includes Ps. 165.5 billion for 2013, Ps. 161.5 billion for 2014, Ps. 153.8 billion for 2015, Ps. 147.5 billion for December 31, 2016, Ps. 145.1 billion for December 31, 2017 and Ps. 141.8 billion for December 31 30, 2018 in liabilities associated with social security under the ISSSTE Law.

(4)

Includes the net balance (denominated in pesos) of the Federal Treasury’s General Account inBanco de México.

(5)

Percentage of GDP for 2017 is calculated using the annual average of GDP calculated in constant pesos with purchasing power as of December 31, 2013. Percentage of GDP for 2018 is calculated using the estimated annual GDP for 2018 published in December 2018 by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit in the 2019 General Economic PolicyPre-Guidelines.

Source: Ministry of Finance and Public Credit

External Public Debt

Mexico’s external public debt goals are intended to provide the Mexican Government with flexibility to finance its stated needs, while also accounting for market volatility and unforeseen developments. The policy also seeks to maintain costs and risks at stable levels. Mexico primarily seeks debt financing through local markets, supplemented by external financing from the U.S., Europe and Japan. Mexico’s principal objectives in connection with its external financing include improving the terms and conditions of Mexico’s external liabilities, as well as strengthening and diversifying Mexico’s investor base, with specific consideration to Mexico’s continued presence in the most influential international markets. Objectives also include strengthening Mexico’s benchmark bonds and maintaining a constant relationship with international investors in order to ensure transparency and to promote investment in Mexico. “External public sector debt” consists of the external portion of the long-term indebtedness incurred directly by the Mexican Government, the external long-term indebtedness incurred by budget-controlled agencies and productive state-owned companies, the external long-term indebtedness incurred directly or guaranteed by administratively-controlled agencies (including, but not limited to, national development banks) and the short-term external debt of the public sector. External public sector debt does not include, among other things, repurchase obligations ofBanco de México with the IMF (none of which was outstanding as of December 31, 2018).

According to preliminary figures, as of December 31, 2018, outstanding gross public sector external debt totaled U.S.$202.4 billion, an approximate U.S.$8.4 billion increase from the U.S.$194.0 billion outstanding on December 31, 2017. Of this amount, U.S.$198.2 billion represented long-term debt and U.S.$4.2 billion represented short-term debt. Net external indebtedness also increased by U.S.$9.0 billion during 2018.

The following tables set forth a summary of Mexico’s external public debt, including a breakdown of such debt by currency, net external public sector debt, the Mexican Government’s gross external debt, the Mexican Government’s net external debt and the Mexican Government’s net debt.

Summary of External Public Debt

By Type(1)

   Long-Term
Direct Debt of
the Mexican
Government
   Long-Term Debt
of Budget-
Controlled
Agencies
   Other Long-Term
Public Debt(2)
   Total Long-Term
Debt
   Total Short-
Term Debt
   Total Long-and
Short- Term
Debt
 
   (in billions of U.S. dollars) 

At December 31,

            

2013

  U.S.$    $71.8   U.S.$    53.4   U.S.$    5.7   U.S.$    130.9   U.S.$3.5   U.S.$    134.4 

2014

   78.4    58.9    5.6    142.9    4.8    147.7 

2015

   82.5    69.6    6.9    159.1    3.2    162.2 

2016

   88.1    82.7    7.1    177.9    3.1    181.0 

2017

   91.1    91.8    7.9    190.7    3.3    194.0 

2018(2)

   95.8    94.4    8.0    198.2    4.2    202.4 

By Currency(1)

   At December 31, 
   2013  2014  2015  2016  2017  2018(3) 
   (in billions of U.S. dollars, except for percentages) 

U.S. Dollars

  U.S. $ 111.6    83.0%  U.S. $ 121.9    82.6%  U.S. $ 131.7    81.2%  U.S. $ 144.2    79.7%  U.S. $ 148.7    76.7%  U.S. $ 152.6    75.4% 

Japanese Yen

   5.5    4.1   5.1    3.4   4.9    3.0   6.4    3.5   6.8    3.5   8.1    4.0 

Swiss Francs

   1.0    0.7   0.4    0.3   1.0    0.6   1.3    0.7   1.4    0.7   1.5    0.7 

Pounds Sterling

   1.4    1.0   2.8    1.9   2.7    1.7   2.3    1.3   3.1    1.6   2.9    1.4 

Euro

   11.5    8.5   14.0    9.5   18.8    11.6   24.4    13.5   31.5    16.3   34.8    17.2 

Others

   3.4    2.6   3.4    2.3   3.1    1.9   2.4    1.3   2.5    1.3   2.5    1.2 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  U.S. $134.4    100.0 U.S. $ 147.7    100.0 U.S. $ 162.2    100.0 U.S. $ 181.0    100.0 U.S. $ 194.0    100.0 U.S. $202.4    100.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net External Debt of the Public Sector(1)

     At December 31, 
     2013     2014     2015     2016     2017     2018(2) 
     (in billions of U.S. dollars, except for percentages) 

Total Net Debt

    U.S.$130.9     U.S.$145.6     U.S.$161.6     U.S.$177.7     U.S.$192.3     U.S.$201.3 

Gross External Debt/GDP(4)

     10.8%      12.4%      15.1%      18.7%      17.5%      16.9% 

Net External Debt/GDP(4)

     10.5%      12.3%      15.0%      18.3%      17.3%      16.8% 

Gross External Debt of the Mexican Government(1)

   At December 31, 
   2013  2014  2015  2016  2017  2018 
   (in billions of U.S. dollars, except for percentages)    

U.S. Dollars

  U.S.$ 62.3    86.3 U.S.$ 65.1    82.9 U.S.$ 66.3    80.3 U.S.$ 67.5    76.6 U.S.$ 68.0    74.7 U.S.$ 70.8    73.9

Japanese Yen

   3.6    5.0   3.7    4.7   3.7    4.4   4.5    5.1   4.7    5.1   5.9    6.1 

Swiss Francs

   -      -     -      -     -      -     -      -     -      -     -      -   

Pounds Sterling

   0.8    1.1   2.3    2.9   2.2    2.6   1.8    2.1   2.0    2.2   1.9    2.0 

Euros

   5.4    7.6   7.4    9.5   10.4    12.6   14.3    16.2   16.3    17.9   17.2    18.0 

Others

   0.0    0.0   0.0    0.0   0.0    0.0   0.0    0.0   0.02    0.02   0.02    0.02 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  U.S. $72.2    100.0 U.S. $78.6    100.0 U.S. $82.6    100.0 U.S. $88.2    100.0 U.S. $91.1    100.0 U.S. $95.8    100.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net External Debt of the Mexican Government(1)

     At December 31, 
             2013                     2014                     2015                     2016                     2017                     2018         
     (in billions of U.S. dollars, except for percentages) 

Total Net Debt

    U.S.$        69.9     U.S.$        77.4     U.S.$        82.3     U.S.$        86.7     U.S.$        90.6     U.S.$        95.7 

Gross External Debt/GDP(4)

     5.8%      6.6%      7.7%      9.1%      8.2%      8.0% 

Net External Debt/GDP(4)

     5.6%      6.5%      7.6%      8.9%      8.2%      8.0% 

Net Debt of the Mexican Government

     At December 31, 
             2013                     2014                     2015                     2016                     2017                     2018         

External Debt(1)

     19.0%      20.8%      22.7%      25.0%      23.9%      23.3% 

Internal Debt

     81.0%      79.2%      77.3%      75.0%      76.1%      76.7% 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

External debt denominated in foreign currencies other than U.S. dollars has been translated into dollars at exchange rates as of each of the dates indicated. External public debt does not include (a) repurchase obligations ofBanco de México with the IMF (none of which was outstanding as of December 31, 2018) or (b) loans from the Commodity Credit Corporation to public sector Mexican banks. External debt is presented herein on a “gross” basis and includes external obligations of the public sector at their full outstanding face or principal amount. For certain informational and statistical purposes, Mexico sometimes reports its external public sector debt on a “net” basis, which is calculated as the gross debt net of certain financial assets held abroad. These financial assets include Mexican public sector external debt that is held by public sector entities but that has not been cancelled.

(2)

Adjusted to reflect the effect of currency swaps.

(3)

Includes development banks’ debt and the debt of other administratively-controlled agencies whose finances are consolidated with those of the Mexican Government.

(4)

Percentage of GDP for 2017 is calculated using the annual average of GDP calculated in constant pesos with purchasing power as of December 31, 2013. Percentage of GDP for 2018 is calculated using the estimated annual GDP for 2018 published in December 2018 by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit in the 2019 General Economic PolicyPre-Guidelines.

Source: Ministry of Finance and Public Credit.

Recent Securities Offerings

Mexico offers additional debt securities from time to time, and in order to manage the composition of its outstanding liabilities, Mexico engages from time to time in a variety of transactions including tender offers, open market purchases and early redemptions.

On January 11, 2018, Mexico issued U.S. $2.6 billion of its 3.750% Global Notes due 2028 and U.S. $0.6 billion of its 4.600% Global Notes due 2048. Concurrently, the Mexican Government conducted a tender offer pursuant to which Mexico offered to purchase for cash its outstanding notes of the series set forth in the offer to purchase dated January 3, 2018.

On January 17, 2018, Mexico issued €1.5 billion of its 1.750% Global Notes due 2028.

On January 22, 2019, Mexico issued U.S. $2.0 billion of its 4.500% Global Notes due 2029.

On April 1, 2019, Mexico issued €1.5 billion of its 1.625% Global Notes due 2026 and €1.0 billion of its 2.875% Global Notes due 2039.

Legal and Political Reforms

Access to Information and Government Transparency

On May 7, 2018, theSecretaría de la Función Pública (Ministry of Public Administration) announced that, as of June 30, 2018, it will make all information in the Declaranet system regarding thedeclaraciones patrimoniales (declarations of assets and interests) of public servants available to the public in open data, including historical data.

Since July 18, 2016, the Ministry of Public Administration has been undergoing a process of institutional strengthening through implementation of theSistema Nacional Anticorrupción (National Anticorruption System) and thePlataforma Digital Nacional (National Digital Platform). The Ministry of Public Administration seeks to combat corruption by requiring that certain details of public officials’ personal finances be

made publicly available. On April 18, 2018, a report by theSecretaría Ejecutiva del Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción (Executive Secretariat of the National Anticorruption System) provided logistical details for fourteen public institutions, including theInstituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (National Institute of Statistics and Geography, or INEGI), the Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (Supreme Court) and theInstituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (Federal Telecommunications Institute), on how to comply with this new regulatory framework.

Economic Development

On March 9, 2018, President Enrique Peña Nieto signed theLey para Regular las Instituciones de Tecnología Financiera, orLey FINTECH (FINTECH Law), which regulates the organization, operation, functioning and authorization of companies that offer alternative means of access to finance and investment, such as crowdfunding, the issuance and management of electronic payments and the exchange of virtual assets or cryptocurrency. The FINTECH Law also establishes new types of financial entities: the Crowdfunding and Electronic Payment Institutions. These entities undertake financing, investment, savings, payments or transfer activities through interfaces like electronic applications, the internet or any other means of electronic or digital communications and require an approval from the CNBV.

On May 21, 2018, INEGI and theAutoridad Federal para el Desarrollo de las Zonas Económicas Especiales (Federal Authority for the Development of Special Economic Zones) signed a general agreement of collaboration in order to strengthen the implementation, operation and development of the areas of influence of theZonas Económicas Especiales (Special Economic Zones). This agreement will facilitate training, research, dissemination and technical and technological support.

On November 6, 2018 theLey Federal de Remuneraciones de los Servidores Públicos(Federal Public Servants Salary Law) went into effect. This law was enacted with the purpose of regulating the salaries, defined broadly, of federal public officials, which subject to certain limitations shall not exceed (i) the salary received by the President or (ii) the salary received by such public official’s hierarchical superior. On February 13, 2019, the Second Chamber of the Supreme Court ruled in favor of maintaining the suspension granted on December 7, 2018 against the Federal Public Servants Salary Law. As a result, this law remains suspended until a final determination is reached by the Supreme Court.    

Judicial Review

In its first ever general declaration of unconstitutionality, on February 14, 2019 the Supreme Court struck down as excessive a provision of theLey Federal de Telecomunicaciones y Radiodifusión (Federal Telecommunications and Broadcasting Law) that provided for a minimum fine of 1% of a radio and television concessionaires’ and licensees’ taxable income for any violation of the regulatory framework not specifically provided for in the law.

In December 2018, federal legislators initiated actions challenging the constitutionality of theLey Orgánica de la Administración Pública Federal (Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration, or LOAPF) enacted on November 11, 2018. The LOAPF: (1) consolidates the Mexican Government’s procurement process, which was transferred to the domain of the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit in an effort to prevent and reduce corruption; (2) creates a newSecretaría de Seguridad y Protección Ciudadana (Ministry of Security and Citizen Protection) which will be directly responsible for, among others, public safety services; and (3) establishes federal delegates in each state of Mexico tasked with coordinating the federal social and development programs among the three levels of government, among other things.

Anti-Money Laundering

On March 1, 2019 theUnidad de Inteligencia Financiera (Financial Intelligence Unit or FIU) of the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit and the mayor of Mexico City signed an agreement to exchange information to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism. This agreement will allow for greater coordination to prevent and detect assistance of any kind given to aid crime with resources of illegal origin.

Anti-Corruption

On March 14, 2019 a reform to Articles 22 and 73 of the Constitution was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. This reform is intended, among other things, to extend the reach of Mexican Governmentextinción de dominio (seizures), which will now be permitted over assets related to a broader list of offenses now including acts of corruption, crimes committed by public officials, organized crime, kidnapping, extortion, human trafficking, crimes relating to hydrocarbons, among others, and for which there is no proof that they were obtained legally.

Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

General

We earn income from:

 

export sales, which consist of sales of crude oil and condensates, petroleum products and petrochemical products;

 

domestic sales, which consist of sales of natural gas, petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel fuel and LPG) and petrochemical products; and

 

other sources, including financial and investment income and insurance revenue.

Our operating expenses include:

 

cost of sales, including the cost of purchases of imported petroleum and other products, depreciation and amortization, salaries, wages and benefits, a portion of the net cost of employee benefits for the period, the variation of inventories, maintenance, and exploration and unsuccessful drilling expenses;

 

transportation and distribution expenses (including a portion of the net cost of employee benefits for the period); and

 

administrative expenses (including a portion of the net cost of employee benefits for the period).

Our income is affected by a number of factors, including:

 

changes in international prices of crude oil, petroleum products and petrochemical products, which are denominated in U.S. dollars, and domestic prices of petroleum products, which are denominated in pesos;

 

the type and volume of crude oil produced and exported;

 

the type and volume of natural gas produced, processed and sold domestically and internationally;

 

the results of development and exploration activities;

 

the amount of taxes, duties and other payments that we are required to make to the Mexican Government;

 

fluctuations in thepeso-U.S. dollar exchange rate; and

 

Mexican and global economic conditions, including the levels of international interest rates.

Overview

In 2018,2020, we experienced significant operational challenges as a resultone of the continued decline in our proved hydrocarbon reservesmost challenging years yet, not only for PEMEX but for the entire oil and production. We focused on stabilizing our operations and our financial position. While we experienced significant operational challenges, we were favorably affected by improvedgas industry, due to the economic impacts of the industry-wideCOVID-19 price conditionspandemic and the higher peso to U.S. dollar exchange rate. However, prices remain significantly below 2014 levelsdisagreement between Russia and fluctuated greatly in 2018.Saudi Arabia regarding production cuts. These factors had a considerable adverse impact on the global oil and gas market. The weighted average price of the Mexican crude oil export price increasedmix decreased from U.S. $46.79$55.53 per barrel in 20172019 to U.S. $61.34$35.82 per barrel in 20182020. Total crude oil plus condensates production (excluding partners) was 1,686 Mbd in 2020, a slight 0.1% increase as compared to 1,684 Mbd in 2019.

During 2020, we implemented various measures to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including: (1) a decrease of our capital investment; (2) a reduction of non-strategic projects coupled with a focus on the more profitable ones; and (3) the development of alternative financing mechanisms that do not constitute public debt. Moreover, the Mexican Government announced that it would reduce our totaltax burden for 2020 by U.S. $65.0 billion to provide additional resources to support our operations.

Additionally, on April 12, 2020, the OPEC+ countries, which include Mexico, reached an agreement to reduce their overall crude oil production in 2018 amountedan attempt to 1,822.5stabilize oil prices. Pursuant to this agreement, Mexico agreed to reduce its, and in turn our crude oil production by 100,000 barrels per day for a two-month period beginning May 1, 2020. During May, June, July, August, September, October and November 2020, we decreased our crude oil production to 1,676.6, 1,654.7, 1,647.3, 1,687.9, 1,697.8, 1,680.2 and 1,688.8 thousand barrels per day, belowrespectively. In December 2020, we increased our target of 1,951.0crude oil production to 1,711.5 thousand barrels per day.

Going Concern

Our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that we can meet our payment obligations.obligations and our operating continuity. As we describe in Note24-e22-F to our consolidated financial statements, there exists substantialsignificant doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We discuss below, and inNote 24-e22-F to our consolidated financial statements, the circumstances that have caused these negative trends and the concrete actions we are taking to improve our results, strengthen our ability to continue operating and achieve revenue maximization and efficiencies. We continue operating as a going concern, and our consolidated financial statements do not contain any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

We have recognized continuous net losses during 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018 of Ps. 180,419.8509,052.1 million, Ps. 280,850.6282,112.0 million, and Ps. 191,144.3180,419.8 million, respectively. In addition, we had a negative equity of Ps. 1,459,405.42,404,727.0 million and Ps. 1,502,352.81,931,409.3 million as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively, mainly due to continuous net losses. We had a negative working capital of Ps. 54,666.3442,550.3 million and Ps. 25,600.8209,168.6 million, as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively.

We also have significantsubstantial debt, including substantial short-term debt. This debt was incurred mainly to finance necessary operational investments. Due to our heavy fiscal burden resulting from the payment of hydrocarbons extraction duties and other taxes that we are required to pay to the Mexican Government, in recent years the cash flowflows derived from our operations hasin recent years have not been sufficient to fund our operatingoperations and investment costs and other expenses. In turn,programs. As a result, our indebtedness has increased significantly. Oursignificantly, and our working capital has also decreaseddeteriorated. In addition, the significant crude oil price drop, which started in partMarch 2020, and the negative economic impact as a result of the current global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, have negatively impacted our financial performance. During 2020, the weighted average Mexican crude oil price was U.S. $35.82 per barrel, a decrease of U.S. $19.71 per barrel as compared to the 2019 weighted average Mexican crude oil export price of U.S. $55.53 per barrel. As of May 3, 2021, the weighted average Mexican crude oil export price was U.S. $61.60 per barrel. While prices have begun to stabilize, any future decline in international crude oil and natural gas prices will have a similar negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition. Despite the OPEC+ agreement entered into by Mexico on April 12, 2020, to reduce world crude oil production intended to mitigate the drop in oil prices that began at the endand demand, crude oil prices have remained volatile. See “—Risk Factors Related to our Operations—The outbreak of 2014COVID-19 has had and the subsequent ongoing oil price fluctuations.

In addition, at the beginning of 2019, certain rating agencies downgraded our credit rating, which couldmay continue to have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.”

We believe we have the capacity to comply with our payment obligations and our operating continuity, including our ability to refinance debt. However, our future cash flows, including the ability to refinance debt, are uncertain due to circumstances outside of our control. Any adverse impact from sustained decrease in crude oil prices below the budgeted average price for 2021 and from the slow-down of the economy would have an adverse impact on our results of operation, cash flows and may require us to consider additional actions to address these shortfalls. The combined effect of the cost and terms of our new debt, as well as our contract renegotiations during 2019.

All these matters showabove-mentioned events indicates the existence of substantialsignificant doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

New Business Plan and Recent Initiatives

We are in the process of developing and refining our newlong-term business plan. We are also, in collaboration with the Mexican Government, implementing initiatives intended to help us meet our working capital needs, to continue to service our debt as it comes due and to improve our capital expenditure programs. These initiatives incorporate strict internal cost-control measures designed to stabilize our debt. We are also coordinating closely and continuously with the Mexican Government in order to secure additional external support measures. The following sets forth a summary of these initiatives:

Government Support:On February 15, 2019, theMexican Government announced that, as part of itsPrograma de Fortalecimientode Petróleos Mexicanos (Strengthening Program for Petróleos Mexicanos), it would provide a support program centered on improving our financial position and increasing our production and, in turn, our profitability. In particular, this support program includes:

o

Ps. 25.0 billion capital injection;

o

Ps. 34.9 billion in prepayment of promissory notes receivable to help pay our pension liabilities;

o

a reduction of our tax burden; and

o

expected additional revenues that would result from a reduction in the illicit market in fuels as a result of government measures against the illicit market in fuels.

Annual Operational and Financial Work Program: On February 26, 2019, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos authorized thePrograma Operativo y Financiero Annual de Trabajo 2019(the Annual Operational and Financial Work Program 2019, or POFAT). The POFAT sets forth operational goals with respect to both our exploration and production activities and our industrial transformation activities, and projects our financial results for the year 2019 based on our budget as approved by the Mexican Congress. The projected financial results for 2019 set forth in the POFAT are in line with the objectives contemplated in the business plan for thefive-year period from 2017 through 2021, under which we have operated in previous years.

Exploration and Production: We intend to focus our exploration and production activities in areas where we have greater expertise and higher historical success rates. In line with this plan, we intend tore-allocate resources away fromdeep-water projects, which tend to be expensive andlong-term activities, and instead focus onshallow-water and onshore projects, which have the potential fornear-term results. We will also increase our focus on secondary and tertiary recovery systems for mature fields with significant reserve potential. In 2019, we plan to develop 20 new fields, 16 of which will be in shallow waters and four of which will be onshore.

Refinery Rehabilitation Plan: We intend to allocate additional resources for the maintenance of our six existing refineries, with the goal of improving efficiency. This improved efficiency, in turn, would help meet the national demand for refined products and maintain prices at competitive levels. We are evaluating alternatives to fund these investments in a manner that does not adversely impact our financial position.

Improve Financial Position: We continue to take specific measures to improve our financial position, including the following:

o

Modified Financing Strategy: We intend to continue our strategy of decreased reliance on debt financing. In 2018, we executed several liability management transactions, and, in 2019, we will continue to evaluate market conditions for opportunities to execute liability management transactions. We expect the execution of further liability management transactions in 2019 will allow us to improve the terms of our outstanding debt, in line with our objective of reducing our net debt.

o

Pension Reform: We continue to operate our defined contribution plan for employees hired since January 1, 2016, pursuant to which both we and our employees contribute to each employee’s individual account, in contrast to the defined benefit pension plan, pursuant to which only we contribute. To further reduce our pension liabilities, we continue to incentivize employees to migrate from the defined benefit pension plan to the defined contribution plan.

o

Crude Oil Hedge Program: We continue to carry out our crude oil hedge program in order to partially protect our cash flows from decreases in the price of Mexican crude oil.

New Budget: On July 13, 2018, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos approved a proposal for the consolidated annual budget of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities for 2019, which was subsequently approved by the Mexican Congress on December 23, 2018 and published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on December 28, 2018. The consolidated annual budget of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities for 2019 approved by the Mexican Chamber of Deputies is Ps. 464.6 billion, an increase of approximately 18.5% as compared to the Ps. 391.9 billion consolidated annual budget for 2018.

For more information on the circumstances that have caused these negative trends and the concrete actions we are taking to improve our results, strengthen our ability to continue operating and achieve revenue maximization and efficiencies, see Note24-e 22-F to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Business Plan

On March 22, 2021, our Board of Directors approved the business plan of Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Productive Companies for 2021-2025 (the “2021-2025 Business Plan), which effectively replaced our 2019-2023 business plan (the “2019-2023 Business Plan”). The 2019-2023 Business Plan was approved on July 16, 2019 and focused mainly on limiting our indebtedness and the recovery of the productive capacity of the value chain to increase hydrocarbon petroleum products production, as well as strengthen our commercial strategy. However, due to the economic pressures at the end of the first quarter of 2020 resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including the decrease in oil demand and historically low prices, we decided to update our strategy and reassess our expectations of economic recovery in a way that is more aligned with the current situation.

The 2021-2025 Business Plan updates certain objectives we hope to achieve with respect to our operations. For 2021, we intend to consolidate our financial and operating strategy. We are expected to transfer Ps. 897 billion in direct and indirect contributions to the Mexican Government in 2021. This reaffirms our strategic position for Mexico, being the largest taxpayer in the country as well as a main generator of funding for various development projects.

The following sets forth a summary of some of the key objectives of our 2021-2025 Business Plan:

Strengthen our financial position: Given the particularly challenging macroeconomic environment that we are facing, we are focusing our attention on investing our financial resources in projects based on their profitability and their alignment with Mexico’s strategic vision. We are working to efficiently manage our cash flows so as to meet our financial obligations. We plan to implement a series of measures to administer our debt more efficiently. During 2019 and 2020, we carried out a variety of refinancing operations, which allowed us to decrease our total debt for the first time in 11 years.

Exploration and Production: We intend to increase hydrocarbon production levels. In order to achieve this objective, we intend to focus on accelerating the development of newly discovered wells as well as optimizing our current wells.

Sustainability: We believe that the long-term value and viability of any petroleum company is linked to its reserves. We are working to sustainably develop and maintain our reserve levels, given their importance to our long-term financial strength. We plan to do so by seeking a balance between the use and development of natural resources, while also aiming to reduce the environmental impact of our operations.

Efficiency and Competition: We seek to strengthen our operational efficiency as to reach operating conditions that maximize value and create opportunities for further economic growth. We are working to minimize unexpected stoppages in operations as to strengthen our operational performance.

Investment in projects with the participation of third-parties: We intend to continue our efforts to seek opportunities to attract capital as to develop new projects in order to overcome some of the operational and infrastructural challenges we have been facing. We seek to implement business strategies with third-party participation, including private parties. However, we plan to maintain limits on such strategic agreements by not creating public debt, by sharing the economic risks and benefits and by making sure that the assets remain our property.

Impact and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Decline in international crude oil prices: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide economic slowdown and a decrease in global demand for crude oil and derivatives. For more information related to the decline in international crude oil prices and the decrease in the demand of petroleum products, see Note 7-D to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

On March 6, 2020, OPEC, led by Saudi Arabia, and another group of petroleum producing nations, led by Russia, did not reach an agreement to reduce crude oil production in order to support crude oil prices, which resulted in a significant drop in global crude oil prices. On April 12, 2020, the OPEC+ countries, including Mexico, reached an agreement to reduce their overall crude oil production. Pursuant to this agreement, these countries, which are known as OPEC+, agreed to reduce their overall crude oil production by 9.7 million barrels per day from May 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020, by 7.7 million barrels per day from July 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020 and by 5.8 million barrels per day from January 1, 2021 through April 30, 2022. This agreement is expected to help mitigate the decrease in oil prices and demand that has taken place as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. For more information regarding this OPEC+ production agreement, see “Item 3––Risk Factors–– Risk Factors Related to Our Operations––Crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products prices are volatile and low crude oil and natural gas prices adversely affect our income and cash flows and the amount of hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell” and “Item 4—Trade Regulation, Export Agreements and Production Agreements”. However, prices continue to display significant volatility.

On April 20, 2020, Mexican crude oil experienced an unprecedented drop below U.S. $0.00 per barrel to negative U.S. $2.37 per barrel. This drastic drop in price was due to low oil demand as a result of COVID-19 and the lack of oil storage. As of December 31, 2020, the weighted average Mexican crude oil export price was U.S. $47.16 per barrel. While prices have begun to stabilize, they remain significantly lower than 2014 levels. For more information regarding the impact of the decline in international crude oil prices on us, see Note 7-D to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Decrease in the demand for petroleum products: The Mexican Government, through the Mexican Ministry of Health, has implemented actions to protect against COVID-19. Some of these actions consist of, among others, directives to avoid places of work, crowded public areas, public buildings or unnecessary social activities during this time. These preventative measures caused a decrease in demand of certain goods and services, including petroleum products. As of the date of this annual report, the Mexican Government has lifted some restrictions, including the closure of the Mexico-U.S. Border, and nation-wide restrictions on non-essential activities.

As a result of the worldwide economic slowdown and, in particular, the decrease in fuel demand, we have experienced a decrease in its domestic sales of petroleum products.

Mexican Government support: On April 21, 2020, the Mexican Government, through a Presidential decree, granted us a reduction in our tax burden equal to Ps. 65.0 million for 2020, which consists of a fiscal credit applicable to the profit sharing duty up to such amount. This decrease in the profit-sharing duty is incremental to the one resulting from the decrease of the rate from 65% to 58% in 2020 in accordance with amendments to the 2020 Hydrocarbons Revenue Law. On February 19, 2021, the Mexican Government, through a presidential decree, granted us a reduction in our tax burden equal to Ps. 73.3 billion for 2021 via a tax credit applicable to the Derecho por la Utilidad Compartida (Profit-sharing Duty). This tax incentive is in addition to the measures announced in December 2019 that adjusted our tax regime to reduce our Profit-Sharing Duty by 11 percentage points to 54% by 2021 in two incremental steps. On February 24, 2021, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit provided us with a capital injection of U.S. $1.6 billion to cover debt amortizations coming due in 2021. The Ministry of Finance and Public Credit plans to provide an additional U.S. $3.4 billion throughout 2021 to cover amortizations this year.

Reduction in our budget: As a result of the decrease in crude oil prices and the global economic conditions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, our management proposed to our Board of Directors an amendment to our budget intended to reflect the impacts in our cash flows of the following assumptions: a decrease in crude oil prices and derivatives and production volumes, Mexican Government’s supports through contributions and tax benefits to us, increase of U.S. dollar exchange rate and adjustments to operating expenses by Ps. 5.0 billion and in exploration and production capital expenditures, including non-capitalizable maintenance for Ps. 40.5 billion. On July 14, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized the amendment to the 2020 budget for us and our Subsidiary Productive Entities, which considers a decrease in budgeted income of Ps. 4,471,000 that is offset by a net decrease in expenses by Ps. 20,980,000, consisting of a (1) a decrease in investment expenditure by Ps. 27,979,000 and (2) an increase in operating expense of Ps. 6,999,000 and an increase in the financial cost of Ps. 16,510,000, so that our budget balance sheet target for the 2020 financial year did not change.

Reduction in budget and response: Our operations are generally considered strategic within the meaning of Articles 27 and 28 of the Mexican Constitution. All of our operations therefore remain active as of the date of this annual report – however, in accordance with our business continuity plan, we have reduced our workforce, implemented alternating shifts and allowed a portion of our workforce to work remotely. In addition, we have implemented sanitizing measures to disinfect our facilities and the use of thermal cameras and other special equipment to monitor infection risks.

We prepared our budget for 2021 based on a Mexican crude oil basket price of U.S. $42.12 per barrel. As a result, we entered into derivative financial instruments to hedge our risk exposure to drops in prices below this level. These derivative financial instruments are intended to hedge a proportion of our exposure of up to five U.S. dollars below the budgeted price. In addition, in accordance with the Federal Revenue Law for 2021, crude oil revenues between U.S. $42.12 and U.S. $44.12 per barrel will be used to attempt to improve our financial balance goal for 2021. Revenues above U.S. $44.12 per barrel may be used for operating expenses and capital expenditures.

The Federal Budget for 2021 authorized us to have a budget deficit of Ps. 92,687,000. This deficit does not consider payments of principal of our debt which is due in 2021.

Taking into consideration the conditions described above and the level of prices as of the date of this report, we hope to increase our revenues, improve our budget deficit and potentially increase our capital expenditures during the year.

Results of operations and financial condition in 20182020

For the year ended December 31, 2018, we2020, our income decreased, our net loss by 35.8%, from a net loss of Ps. 280.9282.1 billion (U.S. $14.2$15.0 billion) in 20172019 to a net loss of Ps. 180.4509.1 billion (U.S. $9.2$25.5 billion) in 2018.2020. This decrease inhigher net loss was primarily due to:

 

a Ps. 284.1448.3 billion increasedecrease in total sales, mainly due to an increasea decrease in the average price of crude oil and natural gas;

 

a Ps. 172.95.1 billion decreaseincrease in impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment;

 

a Ps. 17.92.8 billion increasedecrease in other revenues, net;

 

a Ps. 1.25.7 billion increase in general expenses;

a Ps. 1.0 billion increase in financing cost, net;

a Ps. 215.9 billion increases in exchange loss, net; and

a Ps. 2.4 billion decrease in profit sharing in joint ventures, associates and other; and

a Ps. 0.5 billion increase in exchange gain, net.other.

These effects were partially offset by:

 

a Ps. 195.3290.3 billion increasedecrease in cost of sales, mainly due to an increasea decrease in total sales;

a Ps. 128.6 billion increase in taxes and other duties;

a Ps. 35.3 billion increase in financing cost, net;purchases of products; and

 

a Ps. 16.8158.2 billion increasedecrease in general expenses.taxes and other duties.

For more information on our results of operations, see “—Results of Operations of Petróleos Mexicanos, the Subsidiary Entities and the Subsidiary Companies—For the Year Ended December 31, 20182020 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2017”2019” below.

In 2018,2020, our total equity (deficit) improveddeteriorated by Ps. 43.0473.3 billion from negative Ps. 1,502.41,931.4 billion as of December 31, 20172019 to negative Ps. 1,459.42,404.7 billion as of December 31, 2018.2020. For more information on the improvementdecrease of our total equity (deficit) see “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Equity Structure and Mexican Government Contributions” below. This improvementdecrease was mainly due to our net loss for the year of Ps. 509.1 billion; a Ps. 222.519.2 billion increase in actuarial gainslosses on employee benefits and a Ps. 1.37.9 billion accumulated income from the foreign currency translation effect, partially offset by our net loss for the year of Ps. 180.4 billion.effect.

Our accounts receivable decreased 0.6%receivables increased 5.1% in 2018,2020, from Ps. 168.1180.5 billion as of December 31, 20172019 to Ps. 167.1189.8 billion as of December 31, 2018,2020, mainly due to a decrease in our accounts receivable from customers caused by a decrease in sales in the month of December 2018, which was partially offset by an increase in our accounts receivable from sundry debtors (mainly IEPS tax) from larger gasoline imports at the end of the year. .

As of December 31, 2018,2020, we owed our suppliers Ps. 149.8282.0 billion as compared to Ps. 140.0208.0 billion as of December 31, 2017.2019. As of December 31, 2018,2020, we have paid the total outstanding balance due to suppliers and contractors as of December 31, 20172019 and, as of March 31, 2019,2021, we have paid approximately 73.7%51.5% of the total outstanding balance due to suppliers and contractors as of December 31, 2018.2020.

Operating Challenges

In 2018,2020, we experiencedcontinued to experience significant operating challenges. Our crude oil and condensates production totaled 1,822.51,686 thousand barrels per day, which, was below our crude oilas compared to the average production target of 1,951.01,684 thousand barrels per day and represented a decrease of 125.8 thousand barrels per day, or 6.5%, as compared to our 2017 production of 1,948.3 thousand barrels per day.in 2019. This decreasemarginal increase was primarilymainly due to the natural declineaddition of certainwells in new fields: Mulach 10, Tlacame 3, Hok 44, Mulach 5, Ixachi 10, Xikin 24, Manik NW 4, Cheek 1, Ixachi 2, Ixachi 20, Cibix 12, Cahua 2, Octli 2, Xikin 32, Mulach 9, Tlacame 9, Tlacame 13, Cheek 45, Cahua 3, Hok 4, Octli 3, Mulach 4, Ixachi 11, Ixachi 24, Cibix 14, Cheek 22, Manik NW 3 and Octli 4. This slight increase when compared to 2019 was due to our strategic attempts to incorporate production from wells in new fields, as well as our attempts to continue production in our fields despite the reduction production agreement between Mexico and OPEC+, operating issues, such as inventory surplus, minor incidents in our crude oil export facilities, weather conditions and the decrease in production due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lower global demand of crude oil, which caused partial shutdowns in our mature fieldsoperations and anthus, a lower production. We further describe the increase in fractional water flow of wells at certain of our fields, including the Xanab field. We describe the reasons for the natural decline of our fieldsproduction under “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Exploration and Production—Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production.”

Additionally, our production targets were affected by the agreement on April 12, 2020, between OPEC+ countries including Mexico. For 2019,more information regarding this OPEC+ production agreement, see “Item 3––Risk Factors–– Risk Factors Related to Our Operations––Crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products prices are volatile and low crude oil and natural gas prices adversely affect our income and cash flows and the amount of hydrocarbon reserves that we have the right to extract and sell”. Our Business Plan 2021-2025 set a crude oil and condensates production target for 2021 of 1,725.01,944 thousand barrels per day and a natural gas production target, excluding nitrogen, of 3,486.04,186 million cubic feet per day.

In 2018,2020, we processed a total of 611.9590.6 thousand barrels of crude oil per day, a 20.2%0.2% decrease as compared to 2017,2019, mainly as a result of operational challenges relatingdue to the fact that we carried out repairs beyond those originally scheduled under the National Refining System rehabilitation program, together with operational and reliability of certain ofin our refineries.units. As a result, we used 37.6%36% of our primary distillation capacity in 2018, a 20.2% decrease as compared to 2017.2020, preserving the level observed in 2019. In 2018,2020, our variable refining margin decreased by U.S. $ 4.47$0.04 per barrel to U.S. $0.96$0.76 per barrel, an 82.3%a 5.0% decrease as compared to 2017.2019. This decrease was primarily a result of a decrease in prices and weak refining margins in the U.S. Gulf Coast region, in November and December 2018, which were caused by decreased demand for gasoline and heightened levels of refinery production.

Critical Accounting Policies

Some of our accounting policies require the application of estimates, judgments and assumptions by management which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of our financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented in this report. By their nature, these estimates, judgments and assumptions are subject to a degree of uncertainty and are based on: our historical experience; terms of existing contracts; management’s view of trends in the oil and gas industry, both internationally and within Mexico; economic factors in Mexico; and information from outside sources. We believe that the following critical accounting policies, among others, affect management’s judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements according to IFRS, and could potentially impact our financial results and future financial performance. There can be no assurance that actual results do not differ from these estimates. These policies are more fully described in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Successful Efforts Method of Oil and Gas Accounting

We apply the successful efforts method for the exploration and production of crude oil and gas activities, considering the criteria mentioned in IFRS 6, “Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources,” in relation to the recognition of exploration and drilling assets. Costs of development wells and related plant, property and equipment involved in the exploitation of oil and gas are recorded as part of the cost of assets. The costs of exploratory wells in areas that have not yet been designated as containing proved reserves are recorded as intangible assets until it is determined whether such reserves are commercially viable. Otherwise, the costs of drilling an exploratory well are charged to exploration expense. Other expenditures on exploration are charged to exploration expense, as incurred.

Depreciation and amortization of capitalized costs associated with wells are based on the estimated commercial life of the field to which the well corresponds, taking into account the relationship between the field’s production levels for the period and proved developed reserves, as of the beginning of the year and as updated on a quarterly basis for new development investments.

Reserves estimates are determined in accordance with earth science and petroleum engineering principles and practices pursuant to Rule4-10(a) and, where necessary, in accordance with the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information promulgated by the SPE as of February 19, 2007. These procedures are consistent with international reserves reporting practices. The estimation of these reserves depends on assumptions made and the interpretation of the data available, and can vary as a result of changes in such factors as forecasted oil and gas prices, reservoir performance and developments in oil field technology. The results of drilling activities, test wells and production after the date of estimation are utilized in future revisions of reserves estimates.

Downward revision of reserves estimates can result in: higher depreciation and depletion expense per barrel in future periods; an immediatewrite-down of an asset’s book value in accordance with accounting rules for the impairment of properties; or changes in our accrual of the asset retirement obligation. An impairment of oil and gas producing fixed assets will result if the downward revisions are so significant that the estimated future cash flows from the remaining reserves in the field are insufficient to recover the unamortized capitalized costs. Conversely, if the oil and gas reserves quantities are revised upward, our per barrel depreciation and depletion expense will be lower.

The application of successful efforts accounting can also cause material fluctuations between periods in exploration expenses if drilling results are different than expected or if we change our exploration and development plans. The determination that exploratory drilling was unsuccessful in finding economically producible reserves requires the immediate expensing of previously capitalized drilling costs. We make periodic assessments of the amounts included within intangible assets to determine whether capitalization is initially appropriate and should continue. Exploration wells capitalized beyond 12 months are subject to additional evaluation as to whether the facts and circumstances have changed, and therefore whether the conditions described below no longer apply. Exploration wells more than 12 months old are expensed unless: they are in an area requiring major capital expenditures before production can begin, commercially productive quantities of reserves have been found, and they are subject to further exploration or appraisal activity, in that either drilling of additional exploratory wells is underway or firmly planned for the near future; or proved reserves are identified within 12 months following the completion of exploratory drilling.

Environmental Remediation and Asset Retirement Obligations

We are required to make judgments and estimates in recording liabilities for environmental cleanup and asset retirement obligations. In accordance with applicable legal requirements and accounting practices, we recognize an environmental liability when the cash outflows are probable and the amount is reasonably estimable. We account for disbursements related to the conservation of the environment that are linked to revenue from current or future operations as costs or assets, depending on the circumstances of each disbursement. Moreover, we account for disbursements related to past operations, which no longer contribute to current or future revenues, as current period costs. We accrue a liability for a future disbursement when an obligation related to environmental remediation is identified and the amount thereof can be reasonably estimated.

Estimated liabilities for environmental remediation and asset retirement obligations are subject to change as a result of: changes in laws, regulations and their interpretation; the review of additional information on the extent and nature of site contamination; the determination of additional works that need to be undertaken; improvements in technology; the nature and timing of expenditure; foreign currency exchange rates to the extent that some of these costs are incurred in U.S. dollars; and changes in discount rates.

We do not recognize the obligations related to the costs of future retirement of assets associated with the principal refining processes for gas and petrochemicals. These assets are considered to have an indefinite useful life due to the potential for maintenance and repairs, and, accordingly, we lack sufficient information to reasonably determine the date on which they will be decommissioned.

Financial Instruments

We face market risk caused by the volatility of hydrocarbon prices, exchange rates and interest rates. In order to monitor and manage this risk, Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities have developed policies and guidelines that promote an integrated scheme for market risk management, regulate the use of DFIs, guide the development of hedging strategies and provide strategies for the formulation of risk limits.

We enter into derivatives transactions with the sole purpose of hedging financial risks related to our operations. Nonetheless, some of these transactions do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment because they do not meet the strict requirements of IAS 39, “Financial Instruments Recognition and Measurement” for designation as hedges. They are therefore recorded in the financial statements asnon-hedge instruments or as

instruments entered into for trading purposes, despite the fact that their cash flows are offset by the cash flows of the positions to which they relate. As a result, the changes in their fair value are recognized in the financing cost. See Note 3, Note 8 and Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Impairment ofNon-Financial Assets

At each reporting date, we evaluate whether there is objective evidence thatnon-financial assets, other than inventory or deferred taxes, are impaired. Significant judgment is required to appropriately assess the recoverable amount, represented by the higher of the value in use and the fair value, less costs to sell or otherwise dispose of our reporting units. Our future net cash flow projections are based on the best available estimates of thecash-generating unit income and expenses using forecasts, prior results and the outlook for the business’s performance and the market’s development. Our annual budget and business plan set macroeconomic forecasts for each of thecash-generating units, which are calculated based on different assumptions regarding projected commodity sales prices, volume of production and overhead costs, foreign currency exchange rates and inflation, among other items, that are used to quantify income and expense estimates. Any change in the assumptions upon which the forecasts for eachcash-generating unit are based can materially affect the anticipated cash flows to be generated bynon-financial assets.

These estimated future net cash flows are discounted at present value usingcash-generating unit specific discount rates determined as a function of the currency in which their respective cash flows are denominated and the risks associated with these cash flows. The discount rates are intended to reflect current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Accordingly, the various discount rates used take into consideration country risk. To ensure that the calculations are consistent and avoid double counting, the cash flow projections do not factor in risks that have already been built into the discount rates used. The discount rates used reflect current market conditions and specific risks related to those fixed assets. SeeNote 3-H and Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

As of December 31, 2018, we have carried out an impairment test to assess the carrying amount ofnon-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred taxes. The impairment test has resulted in a net reversal of impairment of Ps. 21.4 billion, primarily resulting from a Ps. 65.0 billion reserval of impairment for Pemex Exploration and Production, mainly due to a decrease in the discount rate used to calculate the value in use from 14.40% in 2017 to 7.03% in 2018, as well as lower discount rates used to calculate the value in use of certain of our other business units. This was partially offset by an impairment of Ps. 40.3 billion for Pemex Logistics, mainly due to a 46% decrease in annual average income and a 40% increase in the cost ofnon-operating losses, partially offset by a 58% decrease in direct operating costs. For more information on the impairment of ournon-financial assets, see Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Income Taxes

As described under “Item 4—Information on the Company—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government” above and in Note3-M and Note 23 to our consolidated financial statements included herein, the fiscal regime applicable to Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities and certain subsidiary companies as of December 31, 2018 became effective on January 1, 2015. Effective as of this date, the Hydrocarbons Revenue Law and the Federal Revenue Law of the applicable year comprise the fiscal regime applicable to us.

As of December 31, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities are required to estimate taxable income according to IAS 12, “Income Taxes.” This process involves an estimation of our actual current tax and an assessment of temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred assets will be recovered from future taxable income.

Management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes. In the event that actual results differ from our estimates, any adjustments recorded will affect our net income during the corresponding period.

Exploration and Production Taxes and Duties

The fiscal regime applicable to the exploration and production assignments granted to us by the Mexican Government includes the following taxes and duties:

Profit-Sharing Duty. TheProfit-Sharing Duty is calculated based on the value of hydrocarbons produced in the relevant area minus certain permitted deductions. As of January 1, 2018, the applicable rate of this duty was 66.25%. Pursuant to the Hydrocarbons Revenue Law, theProfit-Sharing Duty decreases on an annual basis. As of January 1, 2019, this duty was set at 65%.

Hydrocarbons Extraction Duty. The Hydrocarbons Extraction Duty is calculated based on a rate that varies according to (i) the type of hydrocarbon (e.g., crude oil, associated natural gas,non-associated natural gas or condensates), (ii) the volume of production and (iii) the relevant market price.

Exploration Hydrocarbons Duty. The Exploration Hydrocarbons Duty is calculated by applying a quote per square kilometer for each assigned phase of production and extraction phase. Pemex Exploration and Production must make monthly payments of this duty. The Mexican Government is entitled to collect a monthly payment of Ps. 1,294.71 per square kilometer ofnon-producing areas. After 60 months, this tax increases to Ps. 3,096.04 per square kilometer for each additional month that the area is not producing. These amounts will be updated on an annual basis in accordance with the national price index.

For more information on the taxes and duties applicable to and paid by Pemex Exploration and Production, see Note 23 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, we are named in a number of lawsuits of various types. We evaluate the merit of each claim and assess the likely outcome. Liabilities for loss contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount thereof can be reasonably estimated. We do not recognize contingent revenues, earnings or assets until their realization is assured. We have not recorded provisions related to ongoing legal proceedings whenever we do not expect an unfavorable resolution in such proceedings, except as disclosed in “Item 8—Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Civil Actions” and Notes 21 and 29 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Employee Benefits

As described under “Item 6—Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Employees” below and in Note3-L and Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements included herein, as of January 1, 2016, we are operating both a defined contribution plan and defined benefit pension plan. Until December 31, 2015, we only operated a defined benefit pension plan.

Contribution Plan

Under the defined contribution plan, both we and our employees contribute to each employee’s individual account, in contrast to the existing defined benefit plan, pursuant to which only we contribute. We account for our contributions as costs, expenses or assets. Contributions to the defined contribution plan that are not expected to be fully settled within 12 months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employee rendered related services will be discounted using the defined benefits plan discount rate.

Benefit Pension Plan

Under the defined benefit pension plan, we are the only contributor to a trust, which is managed separately. We recognize the cost for the defined benefit pension plan based on independent actuarial computations applying the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized within other comprehensive results for the period in which they occur. The costs of prior services are recognized within profit or loss for the period in which they are incurred.

Our net obligation with respect to the defined benefit pension plan equals the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of plan assets for which obligations have yet to be settled. The value of any asset is limited to the present value of the economic benefit represented by the plan reimbursements and reductions in future contributions to the plan.

In addition, otherlong-term employee benefits include seniority premiums payable for disability, death and survivors’ benefits, medical services, gas and basic food baskets for beneficiaries. Termination benefits are recognized in profit or loss for the year in which they are incurred.

Benefits to employees were 30.6% and 34.6% of our total liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and any adjustments recorded will affect our net income and/or comprehensive net income during the corresponding period.

New Accounting Standards

IFRS 9

OnThe following new accounting standards were effective from January 1, 2018, we adopted the new accounting standard IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. IFRS 9 sets out, among others, new requirements for classification and measurement of financial assets, measurement and recognition of expected credit losses on financial assets, changes in the terms of financial assets and financial liabilities, hedge accounting and related disclosures. We expect that the new measurement and recognition of expected credit losses on financial assets could lead to increased impairment losses and increased volatility in the value of financial instruments. The initial application of IFRS 9 on January 1, 20182020, but they did not have a significant impact on our reserves of financial assets and we have not restated the comparative information.

IFRS 15

On January 1, 2018, we adopted the new accounting standard IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. IFRS 15 establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is recognized. We adopted IFRS 15 using the modified retrospective transition method on January 1, 2018 and, accordingly, we have not restated comparative information. As a result of our adoption of IFRS 15, sales to our Trading Company are no longer presented as intersegment sales and are instead classified as trade sales.

IFRIC 22

On January 1, 2018, we adopted the new interpretation of accounting standard IFRIC 22 “Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Considerations” as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. The interpretation clarified when an entity recognizes anon-monetary asset ornon-monetary liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration before the entity recognizes the related asset, expense or income. Our adoption of IFRIC 22 did not have an impactmaterial effect on our consolidated financial statements included herein.statements:

For more information on the requirements

Amendments to References to Conceptual Framework in IFRS Standards;

Definition of a Business (Amendments to IFRS 3);

Definition of Material (Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and impacts ofIAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors); and

The interest rate benchmark reform amendments retrospectively to hedging relationships.

In addition, IFRS 9, IFRS 1516 Leases was effective from January 1, 2019 and IFRS 22, see Note4-Awas adopted by us. See Notes 3 and 4 to our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020 included herein.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

NewSome of the new accounting interpretations and revisions under IFRS that apply tostandards went into effect for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, including IFRS 16 “Leases,” as well as additional2020 and earlier application is permitted. However, we have not early adopted the new or amended standards amendments orin preparing these consolidated financial statements (see Note 29 to our consolidated financial statements included herein). The following amended standards and interpretations that, even thoughare not yet effective, couldexpected to have a materialsignificant impact on our consolidated financial statements,statements.

Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2 (Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16);

Onerous Contracts Cost of Fulfilling a Contract (Amendments to IAS 37);

COVID-19-Related Rent Concessions (Amendment to IFRS 16);

Property, Plant and Equipment Proceeds Before Intended Use (Amendments to IAS 16);

Reference to Conceptual Framework (Amendments to IFRS 3);

Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current (Amendments to IAS 1); and a breakdown of the effect of such new

Insurance Contracts (Amendments to IFRS 17).

For more information about recently issued accounting interpretations and revisions are disclosed instandards see Note 3129 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Sales Volumes and Prices

The profitability of our operations in any particular accounting period is directly related to the sales volume of, and average realized prices for, the crude oil and natural gas that we sell. These average realized prices for crude oil and natural gas fluctuate from one period to another due to world market conditions and other factors.

Export Volumes and Prices

Pemex Exploration and Production sells crude oil to PMI, which then sells it to international clients. The volume of crude oil that we export is the volume delivered to international clients as adjusted for water content according to the bill of lading and standard market practice. PMI bases crude oil export price formulas on a basket of international reference prices and a constant set according to specific market conditions. We determine export prices of refined products, petrochemicals and natural gas by reference to market conditions and direct negotiations with our clients.

Significant changes in international crude oil prices directly affect our financial results. The impact of changes in crude oil prices on our refining activities and petrochemicals business depends on:

the magnitude of the change in crude oil prices;

 

how quickly petroleum and petrochemical product prices in international markets adjust to reflect changes in crude oil prices; and

 

the extent to which prices in Mexico, where we sell most of our petroleum products and petrochemicals, reflect international prices for those products.

The following table sets forth the weighted average market price per barrel of crude oil that PMI received from exports and the average price of the United States benchmark, West Texas Intermediate (or WTI) crude oil, for the years indicated. The average price differential between WTI and the crude oil that we exported in the last fivethree years fluctuated between U.S. $7.8$3.79 in 2014 and2018 to U.S. $3.86$3.43 in 2018,2020, which is mainly the result of fluctuations in the price of other benchmarks on which our pricing formulas for crude oil are based. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—International Trading.”

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2014   2015   2016   2017   2018 
   (in dollars per barrel) 

West Texas Intermediate crude oil average price

  U.S. $93.28   U.S. $48.71   U.S. $43.34   U.S. $50.79   U.S. $65.20 

PEMEX crude oil weighted
average export price

   85.48    43.12    35.65    46.73    61.34 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2018   2019   2020 
   (in dollars per barrel) 

West Texas Intermediate crude oil average price

  U.S. $65.20   U.S. $57.03   U.S. $39.25 

PEMEX crude oil weighted average export price

   61.41    55.53    35.82 

 

Note:

The numbers in this table are daily average prices for the full year, which differ from spot prices at year end. On April 26, 2019,May 11, 2021, the spot price for West Texas Intermediate crude oil was U.S. $63.30$65.28 per barrel and the spot price for the PEMEX crude oil basket was an estimated U.S. $63.21$62.43 per barrel.

Sources: PEMEX’s

PEMEX’s oil statistics and Platt’s U.S. Marketscan (S&P Global Inc.).

Domestic Prices

As of December 31, 2017, domestic fuel prices are fully liberalized and are determined according to market forces and may vary without regard to any specific range determined by the Mexican Government. For further information on domestic prices, see “Item 4—Business Overview—Industrial Transformation—Refining—Pricing Decrees” and “Item 4—Business Overview —Industrial Transformation—Gas and Aromatics—Pricing Decrees” above..

The following table compares the average prices in nominal terms of selected petroleum and petrochemical products in Mexico for the years indicated:

 

  Year ended December 31, 
  2014   2015   2016   2017   2018   Year ended December 31, 
  2018   2019   2020 
Petroleum Products                          

Unleaded regular gasoline(1)

   Ps. 1,460.45    Ps. 1,463.02    Ps. 1,460.19    Ps. 1,413.27    Ps. 1,813.33   Ps. 1,813.33   Ps. 1,671.92   Ps. 1,391.19 

Premium gasoline(1)

   1,272.73    1,127.40    931.81    1,277.53    1,948.66    1,948.66    1,821.32    1,501.62 

Diesel(1)

   1,457.16    1,482.90    1,457.27  �� 1,543.52    1,935.54    1,935.54    1,813.10    1,438.57 

Jet fuel(1)

   1,458.34    1,370.67    1,268.38    1,187.40    1,815.91    1,815.91    1,824.23    1,415.72 

Natural Gas(2)

   5.44    6.18    5.81    6.99    5.57    5.57    5.01    4.61 

Liquified Petroleum(2)

   21.77    22.18    30.43    36.13    39.24    39.24    18.60    18.41 

Selected Petrochemicals

                

Ammonia(3)

   6,125.17    6,275.83    6,083.33    6,433.61    7,905.97    7,905.97    7,556.74    6,317.20 

Polyethylene(3)

   20,300.29    19,798.58    23,402.82    22,300.62    22,945.27    22,945.27    17,601.39    17,720.23 

(1)

Pesos per barrel.

(2)

Pesos per hundred cubic feet.

(3)

Pesos per ton.

Source:

Petróleos Mexicanos.

IEPS Tax, Hydrocarbon Duties and OtherIncome Taxes

The following table sets forth the taxes and duties that we recorded for each of the past three years.

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2016   2017   2018 
   (in millions of pesos)(1) 

Hydrocarbon extraction duties and others

   Ps.        277,162    Ps.        338,044    Ps.        469,934 

Income tax

   (12,640   (5,064   (8,355
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps.        264,522    Ps.        332,980    Ps.        461,579 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Year ended December 31, 
   2018  2019  2020 
   (in millions of pesos)(1) 

Hydrocarbon extraction duties

  Ps.469,934  Ps.372,812  Ps. 154,609 

Income tax (benefit)

   (8,355  (28,989  30,963 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  Ps. 461,579  Ps. 343,823  Ps. 185,572 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

Note:

For a description of these taxes and duties, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government.”

Numbers

may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

Source:

Source: PEMEX’s audited financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Relation to the Mexican Government

Petróleos Mexicanos and theour subsidiary entities are public entities of the Mexican Government, rather than Mexican corporations. Therefore, we do not have the power to issue shares of equity securities evidencing ownership interests and are not required, unlike Mexican corporations, to have multiple shareholders. However, our financing obligations do not constitute obligations of and are not guaranteed by the Mexican Government. The President of Mexico appoints five of the ten members of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos as representatives of the Mexican Government, including the Secretary of Energy, who serves as the Chairperson of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, and the Secretary of Finance and Public Credit. The President of Mexico also appoints five independent members to the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, whose appointments are ratified by the Senate.

Pursuant to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, theour consolidated annual budget, of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities, including our financing program, must be submitted to the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit, which has the authority to adjust our financial balance goal and the ceiling on our wage and salary expenditures for the fiscal year. The Mexican Government incorporates our consolidated annual budget and financing program into its budget, which the Chamber of Deputies must approve each year. The Mexican Congress has the authority to adjust our annual financial balance goal at any time by amending the applicable law. In addition, any adjustment proposed by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos to change our annual financial balance goal or increase the limit on our wage and salary expenditures or our financing program must be approved by the Chamber of Deputies.

Inflation

Mexico experienced high inflation during the 1980s. The annual rate of inflation (as measured by the change in the NCPI) decreased from a high of 159.2% in 1987 to 11.9% in 1992, 8.0% in 1993 and 7.1% in 1994. However, the economic events that followed the devaluation of the peso against the U.S. dollar in late 1994 and 1995, along with turbulence in international financial markets, caused inflation to increase to 52.0% in 1995. After 1995, inflation decreased to 27.7% in 1996 and 15.7% in 1997. The annual inflation rate was 4.1% in 2014, 2.1% in 2015, 3.4% in 2016, 6.8% in 2017 and 4.8% in 2018.

We do not use inflation accounting, unless the economic environment in which we operate qualifies as “hyperinflationary,” as defined by IFRS. In accordance with IFRS, the threshold for considering an economy hyperinflationary, and consequently, adjusting certain line items in the financial statements for inflation, is reached when the cumulativethree-year inflation rate is 100% or more. Because the economic environment in thethree-year periods ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 did not qualify as hyperinflationary, we did not use inflation accounting to prepare our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 included herein.

Consolidation

Our financial statements consolidate the results of Petróleos Mexicanos, theour subsidiary entities and the subsidiary companies. Certainnon-material subsidiary companies are not consolidated and are accounted for under either the cost method or the equity method. For a list of the consolidated subsidiary companies, seeNote 3-A and Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Export Agreements and Production Agreements

Though Mexico is not a member of OPEC, it has periodically announced increases and decreases in our crude oil exports reflecting production revisions made by other oil producing countries and entered into agreements with OPEC and non-OPEC members to reduce its oil exports, in order to contribute to crude oil prices stabilization. However, we have not changed our export goals because of announcements made by OPEC since 2004, and we believe that

On April 12, 2020, the OPEC+ countries, including Mexico, has no plansagreed to change our current level ofreduce their overall crude oil exports.production by 9.7 million barrels per day from May 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020, by 7.7 million barrels per day from July 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020 and by 5.8 million barrels per day from January 1, 2021 through April 30, 2022. Pursuant to this agreement, Mexico agreed to reduce its crude oil production by 100,000 barrels per day for a period of two months beginning on May 1, 2020.

Immaterial Correction of 2019 Information

During 2020, we detected errors in certain costs and expenses used for the determination of the value in use of certain cash generating units of the exploration and production segment as of December 31, 2019. This resulted in a different value in use in some cash generating units and thus, an increase in the value of wells, pipelines, plants and platforms as of December 31, 2019 in the amount of Ps. 65,799,060. The increase in value has led to a favorable impact in our results of operation for 2019 for the same amount. Our financial results for 2019 included herein reflect an adjustment for these errors. For further information about the corrections resulting from the errors, see Note 4-B to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Selected Financial Data

The selected statement of comprehensive income (loss), statement of financial position and cash flows data set forth below have been derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements. Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements for 2019 and 2018 have been reclassified to conform with the presentation of the amounts in the consolidated financial statements for 2020. These reclassifications are not significant to the consolidated financial statements.

   Year ended December 31,(1) 
   2018  2019(2)  2020  2020(3) 
   (in millions of pesos)  (in millions of
U.S. dollars)
 

Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) Data

     

Net sales

   1,681,119   1,401,971   953,662   47,806 

Operating income

   367,400   102,829   (63,063  (3,161

Financing income

   31,557   29,236   16,742   839 

Financing cost

   (123,870  (132,861  (161,765  (8,109

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income—Net

   (19,116  (23,264  17,096   857 

Exchange (loss) gain—Net

   23,659   86,930   (128,949  (6,464

Net (loss) for the period

   (180,420  (282,112  (509,052  (25,518

Statement of Financial Position Data (end of period)

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   81,912   60,622   39,990   2,005 

Total assets

   2,075,197   1,984,247   1,928,488   96,672 

Short-term debt

   191,796   244,924   391,097   19,605 

Long-term debt

   1,890,490   1,738,250   1,867,630   93,622 

Total long-term liabilities

   3,086,826   3,363,453   3,560,805   178,498 

Total equity (deficit)

   (1,459,405  (1,931,409  (2,404,727  (120,546

Statement of Cash Flows

     

Depreciation and amortization

   153,382   137,187   129,632   6,498 

Acquisition of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment(4)

   (94,004  (109,654  (114,977  (5,264

(1)

Includes Petróleos Mexicanos, the subsidiary entities and the subsidiary companies listed in Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(2)

During 2020, we detected errors in certain costs and expenses used for the determination of the value in use of certain cash generating units in the exploration and production segment as of December 31, 2019. This resulted in a different value in use in some cash generating units and thus, an increase in the value of wells, pipelines, plants and platforms as of December 31, 2019 in the amount of Ps. 65,799,060 and a favorable impact in our results of operation for 2019 for the same amount. For further information about the corrections resulting from the errors, see Note 4-B to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(3)

Translations into U.S. dollars of amounts in pesos have been made at the exchange rate established by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit for accounting purposes of Ps. 19.9487 = U.S. $1.00 at December 31, 2020. Such translations should not be construed as a representation that the peso amounts have been or could be converted into U.S. dollar amounts at the foregoing or any other rate.

(4)

Includes capitalized financing cost. See Note 13-A to our consolidated financial statements included herein and “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Source:

PEMEX’s consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS, as it relates to the selected statements of comprehensive income, statement of financial position and statement of cash flows data; and Petróleos Mexicanos, as it relates to other financial data.

Results of Operations of Petróleos Mexicanos, the Subsidiary Entities and the Subsidiary Companies—For the Year Ended December 31, 20182020 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 20172019

Total Sales

Total sales increaseddecreased by 20.3%,32.0% or Ps. 284.1448.3 billion in 2018,2020, from Ps. 1,397.01,402.0 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 1,681.2953.7 billion in 2018,2020, primarily due to increasesa decrease in the average sales pricesvolume of our petroleum products and the weighted average price of Mexican crude oil.

Domestic Sales

Domestic sales increaseddecreased by 11.8%,37.6% or 303.3 billion in 2020, from Ps. 877.4807.0 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 980.6 billion503.7 in 2018, primarily2020, mainly due to an increasedecreases in the average pricessales volume of gasoline, diesel, fuel oil and jet fuel. Domestic sales of petroleum products increaseddecreased by 14.7%43.1% in 2018,2020, from Ps. 738.9718.7 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 847.5409.1 billion in 2018, primarily2020, mainly due to a 19.7% increase26.1% decrease in the average pricesales volume of gasoline, a 20.1% increase29.0% decrease in the average pricesales volume of diesel, a 46.0% increase27.6% decrease in the average pricesales volume of fuel oil and a 38.8% increase53.4% decrease in the average pricesales volume of jet fuel. TheseThe average sales price increases were partially offsetof gasoline, diesel, fuel oil and jet fuel decreased 38.2%, 44.8%, 69.8% and 63.8%, respectively, in 2020 as compared to 2019, as a result of decreased demand. The decreased demand was primarily the result of lower economic activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and a 14.0% decreasedrop in the volume of sales of premium gasoline, primarily due to a decrease in demand from retail service stations. international hydrocarbons and refined products prices.

Domestic sales of natural gas decreased by 28.2%20.7% in 2018,2020, from Ps. 70.928.5 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 50.922.6 billion in 2018,2020, primarily due to a 23.1%20.6% decrease in the average sales price of natural gas and a 6.6%13.6% decrease in the sales volume of natural gas. Domestic sales of natural gas,LPG decreased by 4.3% in 2020, from Ps. 32.2 billion in 2019 to Ps. 30.8 billion in 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a 4.3% decrease in the average sales price and 3.4% decrease in the sales volume, mainly due to competition. Domestic petrochemical sales (including sales of certainlower economic activity caused by the by-productsCOVID-19 of the petrochemical production process) increased by 43.0%, from Ps. 16.0 billion in 2017 to Ps. 22.9 billion in 2018, primarily as a result of an increase in the volume of sales of polyethylene.pandemic.

Export Sales

Export sales increaseddecreased by 36.1%24.0% in peso terms in 20182020 (with U.S.dollar-denominated export revenues translated to pesos at the exchange rate on the date of the corresponding export sale), from Ps. 508.5585.8 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 691.9445.2 billion in 2018.2020. This increasedecrease was primarilymainly due to a 31.8% increase36.2% decrease in the weighted average Mexican export crude oil export price in 2018,2020, from U.S. $47.26$55.60 per barrel in 20172019 to U.S. $62.29$35.47 per barrel in 2018.2020.

Excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies (in order to show only the amount of export sales related to the subsidiary entities), export sales by the subsidiary entities to the Trading Companies and third parties increaseddecreased by 32.8%26.4% in peso terms, from Ps. 430.6474.0 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 571.8349.1 billion in 2018.2020. In U.S. dollar terms, excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies, total export sales (which are U.S.dollar-denominated) increased dollar denominated) decreased by 30.1%34.5% in 2018,2020, from U.S. $22.7$24.6 billion in 20172019 to U.S. $29.7$16.1 billion in 2018.2020. This was primarily due to the 31.8% increase36.2% decrease in the weighted average Mexican crude oil export price. The trading and export activities of the Trading Companies generated additional marginal revenues of Ps. 120.096.1 billion in 2018, 54.5% higher2020, 14.0% lower in peso terms than the Ps. 77.9111.8 billion of additional revenues generated in 2017,2019. This decrease was mainly due to an increasea decrease in the average prices of diesel and gasoline. Export sales ofPMI-NASA, one of our principal Trading Companies, increaseddecreased by 35.6%26.4% in 2018,2020, from Ps. 65.874.3 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 89.254.7 billion in 2018.2020.

Crude oil and condensate export sales accounted for 89.7%90.3% of total export sales (excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies) in 2018,2020, as compared to 88.4%90.8% in 2017.2019. These crude oil and condensate sales increaseddecreased in peso terms by 34.9%26.8% in 2018,2020, from Ps. 380.5430.4 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 513.2315.1 billion in 2018,2020, and in U.S. dollar terms by 32.3%34.5%, from U.S. $20.1$22.3 billion in 20172019 to U.S. $26.6$14.6 billion in 2018.2020. The weighted average Mexican crude oil export price in 20182020 was U.S. $62.29 per barrel, 31.8% higher36.2% lower than the weighted average price of U.S. $47.26$55.60 per barrel in 2017.2019.

Export sales of petroleum products, including natural gas and natural gas liquids, by our industrial transformation segment decreased from 10.7%8.2% of total export sales (excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies) in 20172019 to 9.2%8.7% of those export sales in 2018.2020. Export sales of petroleum products, including products derived from natural gas and natural gas liquids, increaseddecreased by 15.2%21.6%, from Ps. 46.038.9 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 53.030.5 billion in 2018,2020, primarily due to an increasea decrease in the average sales pricevolume of fuel oil and naphthas.naphtha.

Export sales of petrochemical products (including certainby-products byproducts of the petrochemical process) increaseddecreased by Ps. 1,043.41,255.4 million in 2018,2020, from Ps. 4,625.34,705.3 million in 20172019 to Ps. 5,668.73,449.9 million in 2018,2020, primarily due to an increasea decrease in export sales by Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. in 2018.2020.

Services Income

Services income decreased by 21.6%48.4% in 2018,2020, from Ps. 11.19.1 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 8.74.7 billion in 2018,2020, primarily as a result of the recognition ofa decrease in transportation services as part of sales in 2018.provided by Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Logistics to third parties.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales increaseddecreased by 19.4%25.9%, from Ps. 1,004.21,122.9 billion in 20172019 to Ps. 1,199.5832.6 billion in 2018.2020. This increasedecrease was mainly due to: (1) an increase of Ps. 175.0 billion in product purchases, mainly a Ps. 123.0206.4 billion increasedecrease in the value of imports,import purchases, primarily Magna gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, mainly due to an increasedecreased demand. The decreased demand was primarily the result of the lower economic activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and a drop in the price of imports,international hydrocarbons and refined products prices; (2) a Ps. 24.223.5 billion increasedecrease in hydrocarbontaxes and duties on exploration and extraction duties and taxes due to higherof hydrocarbons resulting from lower average sales prices in 2018,and (3) a decrease of Ps. 16.5 billion increase innon-operating losses resulting from the illicit market in fuels and (4) a Ps. 15.8 billion increase in the cost of unsuccessful wells and exploration expenses. This increase was partially offset by a Ps. 3.3 billion decrease in depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of wells, primarily due to the decreased value of assets to be depreciated as a result of the impairment recorded in 2017.

Impairment of Wells, Pipelines, Properties, Plant and Equipment

Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment decreased by Ps. 172.854.0 billion in 2018, from a net impairment of Ps. 151.4 billion in 2017 to a net reversal of impairment of Ps. 21.4 billion in 2018, mainly due to a decrease in the discount rate used to calculate the value in use of our Cantarell business unit from 14.40% in 2017 to 7.03% in 2018, as well lower discount rates used to calculate the value in use of certain other business units, including Aceite Terciario del Golfo.

General Expenses

General expenses increased by Ps. 16.9 billion, from Ps. 141.8 billion in 2017 to Ps. 158.7 billion in 2018, mainly due to an increase in administrative expenses relating to the contributions to the defined contribution pension plan and incentives to encourage employees to migrate from the defined benefit pension plan to the defined contribution plan and the net periodic cost of employee benefits.

Other Revenues/Expenses, Net

Other revenues, net, increased by Ps. 17.9 billion in 2018, from other revenues, net, of Ps. 5.2 billion in 2017 to other revenues, net, of Ps. 23.1 billion in 2018. This increase was primarily due to contracts signed for participation rights in theCardenas-Mora, Misión, Santuario and Ogarrio blocks in the amount of Ps. 14.2 billion, partially offset by the recognition of a Ps. 12.5 billion loss in the disposal of wells, pipelines, property, plant and equipment.

Financing Income

Financing income increased by Ps. 15.4 billion in 2018, from Ps. 16.2 billion in 2017 to Ps. 31.6 billion in 2018, primarily due to: (1) the recognition of the premium from notes exchanged in February 2018, (2) interest income on the promissory notes issued by the Mexican Government in relation to our pension liabilities, (3) increased interest income on other financial products and securities as a result of higher interest rates and (4) gains on the plugging of wells as a result of a lower discount rate.

Financing Cost

Financing cost increased by 2.6% in 2018, from Ps. 117.6 billion in 2017 to Ps. 120.7 billion in 2018, primarily due to an increase in interest expense in 2018 following higher levels of indebtedness.

Derivative Financial Instruments Income (Cost)

Derivative financial instruments income, net, decreased by Ps. 47.6 billion, from a net income of Ps. 25.3 billion in 2017 to a net cost of Ps. 22.3 billion in 2018, primarily due to the appreciation of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies we hedge, such as euros, Japanese yen and pounds.

Exchange Gain, Net

A substantial portion of our indebtedness, 86.9% as of December 31, 2018, is denominated in foreign currencies. Our exchange gain, net, increased by Ps. 0.5 billion in 2018, from an exchange gain of Ps. 23.2 billion in 2017 to an exchange gain of Ps. 23.7 billion in 2018, primarily as a result of a 0.5% appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar in 2018. Due to the fact that 100.0% of our revenues from exports and domestic sales are referenced to prices denominated in U.S. dollars, and only 75.0% of our expenses, including financing costs, are linked to U.S. dollar prices, the appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar had a favorable effect on our ability to meetpeso-denominated obligations. The value of the peso in U.S. dollar terms appreciated by 0.5% in 2018, from Ps. 19.7867 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2017 to Ps. 19.6829 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2018, as compared to a 4.3% appreciation of the peso in U.S. dollar terms in 2017.

Taxes, Duties and Other

Hydrocarbon extraction duties and other duties and taxes paid increased by 38.6% in 2018, from Ps. 333.0 billion in 2017 to Ps. 461.6 billion in 2018, primarily due to the 38.6% increase in the weighted average price of the Mexican crude oil export price, from U.S. $47.26 per barrel in 2017 to U.S. $62.29 per barrel in 2018. Income related duties and taxes represented 27.5% of total sales in 2018, as compared to 23.8 % of total sales in 2017.

Net Income/Loss

In 2018, we had a net loss of Ps. 180.4 billion from Ps. 1,681.2 billion in total sales revenues, as compared to a net loss of Ps. 280.9 billion from Ps. 1,397.0 billion in total sales revenues in 2017. This decrease in net loss relative to 2017 was primarily explained by:

a Ps. 284.1 billion increase in total sales, mainly due to an increase in the average price of crude oil and natural gas;

a Ps. 172.9 billion decrease in impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment;

a Ps. 17.9 billion increase in other revenues, net;

a Ps. 1.2 billion increase in profit sharing in joint ventures, associates and other; and

a Ps. 0.5 billion increase in exchange gain, net.

These effects were partially offset by:

a Ps. 195.3 billion increase in cost of sales, mainly due to an increase in total sales;

a Ps. 128.6 billion increase in taxes and other duties;

a Ps. 35.3 billion increase in financing cost, net; and

a Ps. 16.8 billion increase in general expenses.

Other Comprehensive Results

In 2018, we had a net gain of Ps. 223.4 billion in other comprehensive results, as compared to a net gain of Ps. 11.5 billion in 2017, primarily due to a decrease in the reserve for employee benefits that resulted from the increase in the discount rate and expected rate of return on plan assets used in the actuarial computation method from 7.9% in 2017 to 9.3% in 2018.

Results of Operations of Petróleos Mexicanos, the Subsidiary Entities and the Subsidiary Companies—For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2016

Total Sales

Total sales increased by 30.1%, or Ps. 322.9 billion, in 2017, from Ps. 1,074.1 billion in 2016 to Ps. 1,397.0 billion in 2017, primarily due to an increase in the volume of our domestic and export sales, mainly due to an increase in the average sales prices of our petroleum products for the reasons explained in further detail below.

Domestic Sales

Domestic sales increased by 30.9% in 2017, from Ps. 670.0 billion in 2016 to Ps. 877.4 billion in 2017, primarily due to an increase in the average prices of fuel oil, diesel, gasoline and liquefied natural gas. Domestic sales of petroleum products increased by 39.6% in 2017, from Ps. 529.3 billion in 2016 to Ps. 738.9 billion in 2017, primarily due to a 34.1% increase in the average price of gasoline, a 60.7% increase in the average price of diesel, a 26.2% increase in the average price of jet fuel and a 78.9% increase in the average price of fuel oil. These price increases were partially offset by a 27.1% decrease in the volume of sales of premium gasoline, primarily due to a decrease in demand from retail service stations and a 15.8% decrease in the volume of sales of liquefied natural gas. Domestic sales of natural gas increased by 19.0% in 2017, from Ps. 59.6 billion in 2016 to Ps. 70.9 billion in 2017, primarily due to a 43.0% increase in the average sales price of natural gas, partially offset by a 16.8% decrease in the volume of sales of natural gas. Domestic sales of liquefied natural gas decreased by 3.7% in 2017, from Ps. 50.9 billion in 2016 to Ps. 49.0 billion in 2017, primarily as a result of a 15.8% decrease in the volume of sales of liquefied natural gas due to the market share loss that resulted from increased competition due to the liberalization of imports that began in 2016, which was partially offset by a 14.4% increase in the average sales price of liquefied natural gas. Domestic petrochemical sales (including sales of certainby-products of the petrochemical production process) decreased by 47.0%, from Ps. 30.2 billion in 2016 to Ps. 16.0 billion in 2017, primarily as a result of a decrease in the volume of sales of polyethylene.

Export Sales

Export sales increased by 28.7%in peso terms in 2017 (with U.S.dollar-denominated export revenues translated to pesos at the exchange rate on the date of the corresponding export sale), from Ps. 395.1 billion in 2016 to Ps. 508.5 billion in 2017. This increase was primarily due to a 33.9% increase in the weighted average Mexican crude oil export price, a 63.4% increase in the export sales of fuel oil, mainly due to an increase in the average sales price of fuel oil, a 4.5% increase in the export sales of naphthas and a Ps. 1,087.8 million increase in the export sales of petrochemical products. This increase in export sales was partially offset by a 2.7% decrease in the volume of export sales of petroleum products.

Excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies (in order to show only the amount of export sales related to the subsidiary entities), export sales by the subsidiary entities to the Trading Companies and third parties increased by 31.4%in peso terms, from Ps. 327.8 billion in 2016 to Ps. 430.6 billion in 2017. In U.S. dollar terms, excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies, total export sales (which are U.S.dollar-denominated) increased by 29.7% in 2017, from U.S. $17.5 billion in 2016 to U.S. $22.7 billion in 2017. This was primarily due to the 33.9% increase in the weighted average Mexican crude oil export price. The trading and export activities of the Trading Companies generated additional marginal revenues of Ps. 77.9 billion in 2017, 15.6% higher in peso terms than the Ps. 67.4 billion of additional revenues generated in 2016, mainly due to an increase in the average prices of diesel and gasoline. Export sales ofPMI-NASA, one of our principal Trading Companies, increased by 13.6% in 2017, from Ps. 57.9 billion in 2016 to Ps. 65.8 billion in 2017. The weighted average price per barrel of crude oil that PMI sold to third parties in 2017 was U.S. $47.73, or 33.9%, higher than the weighted average price of U.S. $35.63 in 2016.

Crude oil and condensate export sales to PMI accounted for 88.4% of total export sales (excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies) in 2017, as compared to 88.1% in 2016. These crude oil and condensate sales increased in peso terms by 31.8% in 2017, from Ps. 288.6 billion in 2016 to Ps. 380.5 billion in 2017, and increased in U.S. dollar terms by 29.7 % in 2017, from U.S. $15.5 billion in 2016 to U.S. $20.1 billion in 2017. The weighted average price per barrel of crude oil that Pemex Exploration and Production sold to PMI for export in 2017 was U.S. $47.26, 34.4% higher than the weighted average price of U.S. $35.17 in 2016.

Export sales of petroleum products, including natural gas and natural gas liquids, by our industrial transformation segment to the Trading Companies and third parties decreased from 10.9% of total export sales (excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies) in 2016 to 10.7% of those export sales in 2017. Export sales of petroleum products, including products derived from natural gas and natural gas liquids, increased by 29.2%, from Ps. 35.6 billion in 2016 to Ps. 46.0 billion in 2017, primarily due to an increase in the average sales prices of fuel oil and naphthas. In U.S. dollar terms, export sales of petroleum products, including products derived from natural gas and natural gas liquids, increased by 26.3%, from U.S. $1.9 billion in 2016 to U.S. $2.4 billion in 2017. Export sales of natural gas increased by 3.3%, from Ps. 21.0 million in 2016 to Ps. 21.7 million in 2017, primarily due to an increase in the average sales price of natural gas.

Petrochemical products accounted for the remainder of export sales in 2016 and 2017. Export sales of petrochemical products (including certainby-products of the petrochemical process) increased by Ps. 1,087.8 million in 2017, from Ps. 3,537.5 million in 2016 to Ps. 4,625.3 million in 2017, primarily due to an increase in export sales of Fertinal in 2017. In U.S. dollar terms, export sales of petrochemical products (including certainby-products of the petrochemical process) decreased by 2.7% in 2017, from U.S. $218.7 million in 2016 to U.S. $212.8 million in 2017.

Services Income

Services income increased by 23.3% in 2017, from Ps. 9.0 billion in 2016 to Ps. 11.1 billion in 2017, primarily as a result of an increase in transportation services provided by Pemex Logistics to CENAGAS and an increase in freight services provided by Pemex Industrial Transformation to third parties.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales increased by 16.0%, from Ps. 865.8 billion in 2016 to Ps. 1,004.2 billion in 2017. This increase was mainly due to: (1) an increase of Ps. 131.2 billion in purchases of imports, primarily Magna gasoline, diesel and natural gas, mainly due to an increase in the price of imports and an increase in the volume of imports required to meet domestic demand; (2) a Ps. 15.5 billion increase in hydrocarbon exploration and extraction duties and taxes due to higher average sales prices in 2017; (3) a Ps. 9.5 billion increase in operating expenses, mainly due to an increase in expenses for materials and spare parts; and (4) a Ps. 6.2 billion increase in depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of wells, primarily due to the increased value of assets to be depreciated as a result of the partial reversal of the impairment recorded in 2016. This increase was partially offset by a Ps. 26.0 billion decrease in the cost of unsuccessful wells, primarily due to a decrease in investment.wells.

Impairment of Wells, Pipelines, Properties, Plant and Equipment

Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment increased by Ps. 482.7(5.1) billion in 2017,2020, from a net impairment of Ps. (31.3) billion in 2019 to a net impairment of Ps. (36.4) billion in 2020. This net impairment was primarily due to Ps. (71.8) billion in the cash generating units of Pemex Industrial Transformation, mainly due to lower production levels, at the Madero, Minatitlan, and Salamanca Refineries. These lower production levels were primarily the result of a lower crude oil processing rate than previously projected and a decrease in prices of refined products. The lower production levels were partially offset by a net reversal of impairment of Ps. 331.335.0 billion in 2016 to a net impairmentthe cash generating units of Ps. 151.4 billion in 2017,Pemex Exploration and Production, mainly due to: (1) the deferral of the development investments in the first five years of the economic horizon in the proved reserves, (2) insufficient cash flows to make up for costs recovery at the Burgos and Lakach projects resulting from the 4.3% appreciation of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar from a peso–U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps. 20.6640 to U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2016 to a peso–U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps. 19.7867 to U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2017, due to the fact that cash inflows are denominated in U.S. dollars and then translated to the reporting currency using the exchange rate at the end of the period; (3) a 0.3%an increase in the discount rate; (4) a 7.2% decreaseeffect of exchange rates and an increase in projected crude and oil forward prices and (5) the natural decline in production in the Macuspana project.volume.

General Expenses

General expenses increased by Ps. 3.95.6 billion in 2020, from Ps. 137.9152.7 billion in 20162019 to Ps. 141.8 billion158.3 in 2017,2020, mainly due to an increase in administrative expenses relating to the contributions to the defined contribution pension plan and incentives to encourage employees to migrate from the defined benefit pension plan to the defined contribution plan.periodic cost of employee benefits.

Other Revenues/Expenses, NetRevenues

Other revenues net, decreased by Ps. 17.53.1 billion in 2017,2020, from other revenues, net, of Ps. 22.714.9 billion in 20162019 to other revenues, net, of Ps. 5.211.8 billion in 2017.2020. This decrease was primarilymainly due to the recognition of a Ps. 8.42.3 billion lossdecrease in theincome from insurance recovery.

Other Expenses

Other expenses decreased by Ps. 6.0 billion in 2020, from Ps. 7.2 billion in 2019 to Ps. 1.2 billion in 2020. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease of Ps. 5.4 billion in disposal of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment and a Ps. 3.3 billion loss in the sale of our shares in Repsol. The decrease in other revenues, net, was partially offset by a Ps. 3.1 billion gain from the sale of our 50% interest in Ductos y Energéticos del Norte and the recovery of a Ps. 13.6 million insurance payment relating to an accident that occurred on ourAbkatún-A platform in April 2015.equipment.

Financing Income

Financing income decreased by Ps. 12.5 billion in 2020, from Ps. 29.2 billion in 2019 to Ps. 16.7 billion in 2020. This decrease was mainly due to effects from the liability management transactions conducted in September 2019.

Financing Costs

Financing costs increased by Ps. 2.428.9 billion in 2017,2020, from Ps. 13.8132.9 billion in 20162019 to Ps. 16.2161.8 billion in 2017, primarily due to interest on the promissory notes issued by the Mexican Government in relation to our pension liabilities.

Financing Cost

Financing cost increased by 18.8% in 2017, from Ps. 98.8 billion in 2016 to Ps. 117.6 billion in 2017, primarily2020, mainly due to an increase in interest expense in 2017 following higher levelsexpenses as a result of indebtednessthe effects of depreciation of the peso against the U.S. dollar and the 4.3% appreciationeffects of variations in sales prices and volume of exports.

Derivative Financial Instruments Income, Net

Derivative financial instruments income, net, increased by Ps. 40.3 billion, from a derivative financial instruments cost of Ps. 23.3 billion in 2019 to an income of Ps. 17.0 billion in 2020, mainly as a result of (1) the increase in the fair value of our favorable cross-currency swaps, arising from the depreciation of the U.S. dollar against other currencies in which our debt is denominated; (2) the gains from our crude oil options, as a result of the decrease in crude oil prices and (3) a net increase in other derivative financial instruments, such as currency options.

Exchange Loss, Net

A substantial portion of our indebtedness, 87.1% as of December 31, 2020, is denominated in foreign currencies. Our exchange loss, net, increased by Ps. 215.8 billion in 2020, from an exchange gain of Ps. 86.9 billion in 2019 to an exchange loss of Ps. 128.9 billion in 2020, primarily as a result of a 5.9% depreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar in 2017 as compared to 2016.

Derivative Financial Instruments Income (Cost)

Derivative financial instruments income (cost), net, increased by Ps. 39.3 billion, from a net cost of Ps. 14.0 billion in 2016 to a net income of Ps. 25.3 billion in 2017, primarily due to the depreciation of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies we hedge and the restructuring of certain of our derivative financial instruments.

Exchange Gain, Net

A substantial portion of our indebtedness, 86.6% as of December 31, 2017, is denominated in foreign currencies. Our exchange gain, net, increased by Ps. 277.2 billion in 2017, from an exchange loss of Ps. 254.0 billion in 2016 to an exchange gain of Ps. 23.2 billion in 2017, primarily as a result of a 4.3% appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar in 2017.2020. Due to the fact that 100.0%100% of our revenues from exports and domestic sales are referenced to prices denominated in U.S. dollars, and only 74.0%72% of our expenses, including financing costs, are linked to U.S. dollar prices, the appreciationdepreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar had an unfavorablea negative effect on our ability to meetpeso-denominated obligations. The value of the peso in U.S. dollar terms appreciateddepreciated by 4.3%5.9% in 2017,2020, from Ps. 20.6640 =18.8452 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 20162019 to Ps. 19.7867 =19.9487 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2017,2020, as compared to a 20.1% depreciation4.3% appreciation of the peso in U.S. dollar terms in 2016.2019.

Taxes, Duties and Other

Hydrocarbon extraction dutiesThe Profit-Sharing Duty and other duties and taxes paid increaseddecreased by 25.9%46.0% in 2017,2020, from Ps. 264.5343.8 billion in 20162019 to Ps. 333.0185.6 billion in 2017, primarily2020, mainly due to (1) the 34.4% increase36.2% decrease in the weighted average export price of the Mexican crude oil, export price, from U.S. $35.63$55.60 in 2019 to U.S. $35.47 per barrel in 20162020; (2) a decrease in the applicable tax rate for 2020, which is 58% for 2020 as compared to U.S. $47.26 per barrel65% for 2019 and (3) the application of a tax credit to the DUC in 2017. Income related dutiesthe amount of Ps. 65.0 billion, which was granted to us by the Mexican Government through a presidential decree dated April 21, 2020. Duties and taxes represented 23.8%19.5% and 24.5% of total sales in 2017, as compared to 24.6 % of total sales in 2016.2020 and 2019, respectively.

Net Income/Loss

In 2017,2020, we had a net loss of Ps. 280.9509.1 billion from Ps. 1,397.0953.7 billion in total sales revenues, as compared to a net loss of Ps. 191.1282.1 billion from Ps. 1,074.11,402.0 billion in total sales revenues in 2016.2019. This increase in net loss relative to 2019 was primarily explained by:

 

a Ps. 482.7448.3 billion increasedecrease in total sales, mainly due to a decrease in the impairmentweighted average Mexican export crude oil price, as well as a decrease in the sales volume and average price of fixed assets;gasoline, diesel, fuel oil and jet fuel;

 

a Ps. 68.55.1 billion increase in taxesimpairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment;

a Ps. 3.1 billion decrease in other duties, mainly due to therevenues, net;

a Ps. 5.6 billion increase in the weighted average price of the Mexican crude oil export price;general expenses,

a Ps. 28.9 billion increase in financing cost;

a Ps. 12.5 billion decrease in financing income;

a Ps. 215.8 billion increase in exchange loss, net; and

 

a Ps. 17.52.4 billion decrease in other revenues, net.profit sharing in joint ventures, associates and other.

This increase wasThese effects were partially offset by:

 

a Ps. 322.9290.3 billion increasedecrease in totalcost of sales, mainly due to the increasea decrease in average sales pricespurchases of our domestic refined petroleum products and export crude oil;import products;

 

a Ps. 277.26.0 billion increasedecrease in exchange gain,other expenses

a Ps. 40.3 billion decrease in derivative financial instruments cost, net; and

 

a Ps. 39.3158.2 billion increasedecrease in derivative financial instruments income, net.taxes and other duties.

Other Comprehensive Results

In 2017,2020, we had a net gainloss of Ps. 11.5520.4 billion in other comprehensive results, as compared to a net gainloss of Ps. 127.9594.1 billion in 2016,2019, primarily due to an increase in the reserve for employee benefits that resulted from the decrease in the discount rate and expected rate of return on plan assets used in the actuarial computation method from 8.2%7.5% in 20162019 to 7.9%7.1% in 2017, as well as the effect2020.

Results of employees migrating from the defined benefits pension plan to the defined contribution plan.

Changes in Statement of Financial PositionOperations of Petróleos Mexicanos, the Subsidiary Entities and the Subsidiary Companies—fromFor the Year Ended December 31, 20172019 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2018

AssetsTotal Sales

Cash and cash equivalentsTotal sales decreased by 16.6% or Ps. 16.0279.2 billion or 16.3%,in 2019, from Ps. 1,681.1 billion in 2018 to Ps. 1,402.0 billion in 2019, primarily due to decreases in the average sales prices of our petroleum products and the weighted average price of Mexican crude oil.

Domestic Sales

Domestic sales decreased by 17.7% in 2019, from Ps. 97.9980.6 billion as of December 31, 2017in 2018 to Ps. 81.9807.0 billion in 2019, mainly due to decreases in the sales prices of gasoline, diesel, fuel oil and LPG. Domestic sales of petroleum products decreased by 15.2% in 2019, from Ps. 847.5 billion in 2018 to Ps. 718.7 billion in 2019, mainly due to a 7.1% decrease in the average price of gasoline, a 6.9% decrease in the average price of diesel and 10.8% decrease in the average price of fuel oil. The sales volume of gasoline, diesel and fuel oil decreased 5.8%, 11.5% and 26.3%, respectively, in 2019 as compared to 2018, as a result of December 31, 2018.decreased demand, which in turn was primarily the result of market share loss due to the entry of new competitors. Domestic sales of natural gas decreased by 44.1% in 2019, from Ps. 50.9 billion in 2018 to Ps. 28.5 billion in 2019, primarily due to a 10.0% decrease in the average sales price and 37.9% decrease in the volume of sales of natural gas, mainly due to market competition. Domestic sales of LPG decreased by 38.2% in 2019, from Ps. 52.1 billion in 2018 to Ps. 32.2 billion in 2019, mainly as a result of a 52.6% decrease in its average sales price.

Export Sales

Export sales decreased by 15.3% in peso terms in 2019 (with U.S. dollar-denominated export revenues translated to pesos at the exchange rate on the date of the corresponding export sale) from Ps. 691.9 billion in 2018 to Ps. 585.8 billion in 2019. This decrease was mainly due to an increasea 10.7% decrease in paymentsthe weighted average Mexican crude oil export price in 2019, from U.S. $62.29 per barrel in 2018 to suppliers and contractors, payments on our debt instruments and taxes.U.S. $55.60 per barrel in 2019.

Accounts receivable, net,Excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies (in order to show only the amount of export sales related to the subsidiary entities), export sales by the subsidiary entities to third parties decreased by 17.1% in peso terms, from Ps. 1.0571.8 billion or 0.6%, in 2018 from Ps. 168.1 billion as of December 31, 2017 to Ps. 167.1474.0 billion asin 2019. In U.S. dollar terms, excluding the trading activities of December 31, 2018.the Trading Companies, total export sales (which are U.S. dollar denominated) decreased by 17.2% in 2019, from U.S. $29.7 billion in 2018 to U.S. $24.6 billion in 2019. This was primarily due to the 10.7% decrease in the weighted average Mexican crude oil export price. The trading and export activities of the Trading Companies generated additional marginal revenues of Ps. 111.8 billion in 2019, 6.8% lower in peso terms than the Ps. 120.0 billion of additional revenues generated in 2018, mainly due to a decrease in the average prices of diesel and gasoline. Export sales of PMI-NASA, one of our accounts receivableprincipal Trading Companies, decreased by 16.7% in 2019, from customers causedPs. 89.2 billion in 2018 to Ps. 74.3 billion in 2019.

Crude oil and condensate export sales accounted for 90.8% of total export sales (excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies) in 2019, as compared to 89.7% in 2018. These crude oil and condensate sales decreased in peso terms by 16.1% in 2019, from Ps. 513.2 billion in 2018 to Ps. 430.4 billion in 2019, and in U.S. dollar terms by 16.2%, from U.S. $26.6 billion in 2018 to U.S. $22.3 billion in 2019. The weighted average Mexican crude oil export price in 2019 was U.S. $55.60 per barrel, 10.7% lower than the weighted average price of U.S. $62.29 per barrel in 2018.    

Export sales of petroleum products, including natural gas and natural gas liquids, by our industrial transformation segment decreased from 9.2% of total export sales (excluding the trading activities of the Trading Companies) in 2018 to 8.2% of those export sales in 2019. Export sales of petroleum products, including products derived from natural gas and natural gas liquids, decreased by 15.2%, from Ps. 53.0 billion in 2018 to Ps. 38.9 billion in 2019, primarily due to a decrease in the average sales price of fuel oil and naphthas.

Export sales of petrochemical products (including certain byproducts of the petrochemical process) decreased by Ps. 1.0 billion in 2019, from Ps. 5.7 billion in 2018 to Ps. 4.7 billion in 2019, primarily due to a decrease in export sales by Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. in 2019.

Services Income

Services income increased by 5.0% in 2019, from Ps. 8.7 billion in 2018 to Ps. 9.1 billion in 2019, primarily as a result of an increase in transportation services provided by Pemex Industrial Transformation in 2019 and Pemex Logistics in 2018 to third parties.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales decreased by 6.4%, from Ps. 1,199.5 billion in 2018 to Ps. 1,122.9 billion in 2019. This decrease was mainly due to: (1) a decrease of Ps. 146.2 billion in purchases of import products, primarily those related to Magna gasoline, Premium gasoline diesel and natural gas, mainly due to a decrease in the monthprice of December 2018, whichimports, (2) a Ps. 21.0 billion decrease in hydrocarbon exploration and extraction duties and taxes due to lower average sales prices in 2019, (3) a Ps. 34.7 billion decrease in fuels subtraction resulting from our actions against the illicit market in fuels and (4) a Ps. 18.7 billion decrease in amortization of other assets. This decrease was partially offset by an(1) a Ps. 65.3 billion increase in our accounts receivablethe cost of unsuccessful wells and exploration expenses, (2) a Ps. 16.8 billion increase in maintenance and (3) a Ps. 63.2 billion increase resulting from sundry debtors (mainly IEPS tax) from larger gasoline imports ata decrease in the endcost valuation of the year.inventory.

The current portionImpairment of our promissory notesWells, Pipelines, Properties, Plant and Equipment

Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment increased by Ps. 35.7(52.7) billion in 2019, from a net reversal of impairment of Ps. 21.4 billion in 2018 to a net impairment of Ps. (31.3) billion in 2019. This net impairment was primarily due to an impairment of Ps. (104.0) billion in the cash generating units of Pemex Exploration and Production mainly, due to recognitiona decrease in volumes of production of crude oil, offset by a (1) net reversal of impairment of Ps. 42.2 billion in the current portioncash generating unit of six promissory notes with original maturities ranging from 2032 to 2047.

Inventories increased by Ps. 18.1 billion, or 28.3%, in 2018, from Ps. 63.9 billion as of December 31, 2017, to Ps. 82.0 billion as of December 31, 2018,Pemex Industrial Transformation, mainly due to an increase in the valueprocess of importscrude oil in the refineries and (2) net reversal of refined products.impairment of Ps. 34.1 billion in the cash generating unit of Pemex Logistics mainly due to a decrease in fuel subtraction.

Derivative financial instrumentsGeneral Expenses

General expenses decreased by Ps. 6.0 billion in 2019, from Ps. 158.7 billion in 2018 to Ps. 152.7 billion in 2019, mainly due to a decrease in operating expenses related to personnel services.

Other Revenues / Expenses, Net

Other revenues, net, decreased by Ps. 15.3 billion in 2019, from net revenues of Ps. 23.0 billion in 2018 to net revenues of Ps. 7.7 billion in 2018, from Ps. 30.1 billion as of December 31, 2017 to Ps. 22.4 billion as of December 31, 2018.2019. This decrease was mainly due to the decreaserecognition in 2018 of income from contracts for participation rights in the fair valueCárdenas-Mora, Misión, Santuario and Ogarrio blocks that was not present in the same period in 2019.

Financing Income

Financing income decreased by Ps. 2.4 billion in 2019, from Ps. 31.6 billion in 2018 to Ps. 29.2 billion in 2019. This decrease was mainly due to: (1) the recognition ofcross-currency swaps the premium from notes exchanged in February 2018 and (2) lower interest income on the promissory notes issued by the Mexican Government in relation to our pension liabilities in 2019.

Financing Costs

Financing costs increased by Ps. 9.0 billion in 2019, from Ps. 123.9 billion in 2018 to Ps. 132.9 billion in 2019, mainly due to an increase in interest expenses, premium paid and amortized cost in 2019 as a result of the effects from the liability management transactions conducted in September 2019 and the recognition of interest on leases in 2019.

Derivative Financial Instruments (Cost), Net

Derivative financial instruments (cost), net, increased by Ps. 4.2 billion, from a derivative financial instruments cost of Ps. 19.1 billion in 2018 to a derivative financial instruments cost of Ps. 23.3 billion in 2019, mainly as a result of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar relative to mostother foreign currencies we hedge, such as euros, Japanese yen and pounds sterling.

Exchange Gain, Net

A substantial portion of the other relevant currencies.

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment decreased by Ps. 34.0 billion in 2018, from Ps. 1,436.5 billionour indebtedness, 86.8% as of December 31, 20172019, is denominated in foreign currencies. Our exchange gain, net, increased by Ps. 63.2 billion in 2019, from an exchange gain of Ps. 23.7 billion in 2018 to an exchange gain of Ps. 86.9 billion in 2019, primarily as a result of a 4.3% appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar in 2019. Due to the fact that 100.0% of our revenues from exports and domestic sales are referenced to prices denominated in U.S. dollars, and only 71% of our expenses, including financing costs, are linked to U.S. dollar prices, the appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar had a favorable effect on our ability to meet peso-denominated obligations. The value of the peso in U.S. dollar terms appreciated by 4.3% in 2019, from Ps. 19.6829 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2018 to Ps. 1,402.5 billion as of18.8452 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2019, as compared to a 0.5% appreciation of the peso in U.S. dollar terms in 2018.

Taxes, Duties and Other

The Profit-Sharing Duty and other duties and taxes paid decreased by 25.5% in 2019, from Ps. 461.6 billion in 2018 to Ps. 343.8 billion in 2019, mainly due to the 10.7% decrease in the weighted average export price of Mexican crude oil, from U.S. $62.29 per barrel in 2018 to U.S. $55.60 per barrel in 2019. Duties and taxes represented 24.5% and 27.5% of total sales in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Net Income/Loss

In 2019, we had a net loss of Ps. 282.1 billion from Ps. 1,402.0 billion in total sales revenues, as compared to a net loss of Ps. 180.4 billion from Ps. 1,681.1 billion in total sales revenues in 2018. This decreaseincrease in net loss relative to 2018 was primarily explained by:

a Ps. 279.2 billion decrease in total sales, mainly due to depreciationa decrease in the average price of gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas and crude oil;

a Ps. 153.452.7 billion and disposals of wells, pipelines, property, plant and equipment of Ps. 16.8 billion, which were partially offset by acquisitionsincrease in impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipmentequipment;

a Ps. 15.3 billion decrease in other revenues, net;

a Ps. 9.0 billion increase in financing cost;

a Ps. 2.4 billion decrease in financing income;

a Ps. 2.7 billion decrease in profit sharing in joint ventures, associates and other; and

a Ps. 4.2 billion increase in cost of derivative financial instruments cost, net.

These effects were partially offset by:

a Ps. 114.876.6 billion and a net reversaldecrease in cost of impairment of Ps. 21.4 billion.

Deferred taxes decreased by Ps. 23.4 billion, or 16.0%, in 2018, from Ps. 146.2 billion as of December 31, 2017 to Ps. 122.8 billion as of December 31, 2018,sales, mainly due to ana decrease in purchases of import products;

a Ps. 6.0 billion decrease in general expenses;

a Ps. 63.2 billion increase in the valuation reserve for our deferredProfit-Sharing Duty assets.exchange gain, net; and

a Ps. 117.8 billion decrease in taxes and other duties.

LiabilitiesOther Comprehensive Results

Total debt, including accrued interest, increased byIn 2019, we had a net loss of Ps. 44.4312.0 billion or 2.2%, in 2018, fromother comprehensive results, as compared to a net gain of Ps. 2,037.9223.4 billion as of December 31, 2017 to Ps. 2,082.3 billion as of December 31, 2018, mainly due to higher levels of indebtedness.

Line items related to suppliers and contractors increased by Ps. 9.8 billion, or 7.0%, in 2018, from Ps. 140.0 billion as of December 31, 2017 to Ps. 149.8 billion as of December 31, 2018, primarily due to an increase in our operations towards the end of 2018.

Taxes and duties payable increased by Ps. 14.3 billion, or 28.0%, in 2018,reserve for employee benefits that resulted from Ps. 51.0 billion as of December 31, 2017 to Ps. 65.3 billion as of December 31, 2018, primarily due to a Ps. 9.6 billion increase in the IEPS tax and a Ps. 4.6 billion increase in theProfit-Sharing Duty.

Derivative financial instruments liabilities decreased by Ps. 1.8 billion, or 10.2%, in 2018, from Ps. 17.7 billion as of December 31, 2017 to Ps. 15.9 billion as of December 31, 2018. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in the fair value of our crude oil options and the termination of our currency forwards, which was partially offset by the decrease in the fair valuediscount rate and expected rate of ourcross-currency swaps.

Employee benefits liabilities decreased by Ps. 177.9 billion, or 14.1%,return on plan assets used in the actuarial computation method from 9.3% in 2018 from Ps. 1,258.4 billion as of December 31, 2017 to Ps. 1,080.5 billion as of December 31, 2018. This decrease was primarily due to an increase7.5% in actuarial gains and contributions made to theFondo Laboral Pemex(Pemex Labor Fund) trust.2019.

Total Equity (Deficit)

Our total equity (deficit) improved by Ps. 43.0 billion, or 2.9%, in 2018, from negative Ps. 1,502.4 billion as of December 31, 2017 to negative Ps. 1,459.4 billion as of December 31, 2018. This improvement was mainly due to a Ps. 222.5 billion increase in actuarial gains on employee benefits and a Ps. 1.3 billion accumulated gain from the foreign currency translation effect, partially offset by our net loss for the year of Ps. 180.4 billion.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

During 2018, we were able to strengthen2020, our liquidity position was adversely affected mainly due to (1) the increase in short-term debt caused by increasing ourthe depreciation of the peso against the U.S. dollar; (2) the reduction in the value of the inventories derived from the decrease in oil prices in 2020 compared to oil prices in 2019 and (3) the increase in other accounts receivable, decreasing our accounts payablemainly sundry debtors. This negative impact to suppliers and managing our liquidity risk through derivative financial instruments.position was partially offset by payments made by customers.

Our principal use of funds in 20182020 was the repayment of debt, primarily with cash provided by cash flows from borrowings, which amounted to Ps. 2,082.31,288.1 billion. During 2018, our net cash flow from operating activities, together with our funds from financing activities, was sufficient to fund our capital expenditures and other expenses. See “—Overview—New Business Plan and Recent Initiatives”Plan” above for more information and a discussion of actions being taken in response to the imbalance of our resources.

For 2018,2020, our capital expenditures increased slightlydecreased by approximately 0.2%37.0% from 2017.2019. As of December 31, 2018,2020, we owed our suppliers Ps. 149.8282.0 billion as compared to Ps. 140.0208.0 billion as of December 31, 2017.2019. As of December 31, 2018,2020, we have paid the total outstanding balance due to suppliers and contractors as of December 31, 2017.2019 and, as of March 31, 2021, we have paid approximately 51.5% of the total outstanding balance due to suppliers and contractors as of December 31, 2020. The average number of days outstanding of our accounts payable decreasedincreased from 62125 days as of December 31, 20172019 to 53263 days as of December 31, 2018.2020. Despite these obligations, we believe net cash flows from our operating and financing activities, together with available cash from our available credit lines and cash and cash equivalents, will be sufficient to meet our working capital, debt service and capital expenditure requirements in 20192021 because, in collaboration with the Mexican Government, we have begun to implement initiatives intended to help us meet our working capital needs, continue to service our debt as it comes due and improve our capital expenditure programs and we are in the process of developing and refining our newlong-term business plan, as described above under “—Overview—New Business Plan and Recent Initiatives”Plan” and as further described below:

Changes to Our Business Plan.We are operating under the POFAT for 2019 and are currently developing and refining our newlong-term business plan in order to improve our financial position and stop, or even reverse, the decline in our reserves and production.

Government Support. The Mexican Government has announced that, as part of its Strengthening Program for Petróleos Mexicanos, it would provide a support program to help improve our financial position and increase our production and, in turn, our profitability.

Modified Financing Strategy.We intend to continue our strategy of decreased reliance on debt financing and we expect further liability management transactions in 2019 will allow us to improve the terms of our outstanding debt, in line with our objective of reducing our net debt.

Crude Oil Hedge Program.We continue to carry out our crude oil hedge program in order to partially protect our cash flows from decreases in the price of Mexican crude oil.

No Payment of Dividend.The Mexican Government announced that Petróleos Mexicanos was not required to pay a state dividend in 2016, 2017 and 2018 and will not be required to pay one in 2019. See Item 4—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime for PEMEX—Other Payments to the Mexican Government” above for more information.

The Federal Revenue Law applicable to us as of January 1, 2019,2020, provides for theour incurrence of a net additional indebtedness up to Ps. 112.8 billion42,100 million (Ps. 22,000,000 and U.S. $1,000 million), which is considered public debt by the Mexican Government and may be used to partially cover a negative financial balance. In addition, in net indebtedness through a combination of domesticaccordance with the Federal Revenue Law for 2021, crude oil revenues between U.S. $42.12 and internationalU.S. $44.12 per barrel will be used to attempt to improve our financial balance goal for 2021. Revenues above U.S. $44.12 per barrel may be used for operating expenses and capital markets offerings and borrowings from domestic and international financial institutions.expenditures.

We have a substantial amount of debt, including a substantial amount of short-term debt. Due to our heavy tax burden, our cash flow from operations in recent years has not been sufficient to fund our capital expenditures and other expenses and, accordingly, our debt has significantly increased and our working capital has deteriorated. Relatively low oil prices and declining production have also had a negative impact on our ability to generate positive cash flows, which, together with our heavy tax burden, has further exacerbated our ability to fund our capital expenditures and other expenses. Despite the relatively low and fluctuating oil prices and our heavy tax burden, our cash flow from operations in 2018,2020, together with our funds from financing activities, was sufficient to fund our capital expenditures and other expenses. We expect that net cash flows from our operations and financing activities will also be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements, debt service and capital expenditures for 2019.2021. We continue to evaluate our capital expenditures needs and opportunities in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, our total indebtedness, including accrued interest, was Ps. 2,082.32,258.7 billion (U.S. $105.8$113.2 billion), in nominal terms, which represents a 2.2%13.9% increase compared to our total indebtedness, including accrued interest, of Ps. 2,037.91,983.2 billion (U.S. $103.5$105.2 billion) as of December 31, 2017. 27.2%2019. 28.3% of our existing debt as of December 31, 2018,2020, or Ps. 566.1640.2 billion (U.S. $28.8$32.1 billion), is scheduled to mature in the next three years. Our working capital decreased from a negative working capital of Ps. 25.6209.2 billion (U.S. $1.3$11.1 billion) as of December 31, 20172019 to a negative working capital of Ps. 54.7442.5 billion (U.S. $2.8$22.2 billion) as of December 31, 2018.2020. Our level of debt may increase further in the short or medium term, as a result of new financing activities or future depreciation of the peso as compared to the U.S. dollar, and may have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity position. To service our debt, we have relied and may continue to rely on a combination of cash flow from operations, drawdowns under our available credit facilities and the incurrence of additional indebtedness (including refinancings ofrefinancing our existing indebtedness).indebtedness. In addition, we are taking actions to improve our financial position, as discussed above.

Certain rating agencies have expressed concerns regarding: (1) our heavy tax burden; (2) the total amount of our debt and the ratio of our debt to our proven reserves; (3) the significant increase in our indebtedness over the last several years; (4) our negative free cash flow; (5) the natural decline of certain of our oil fields and lower quality of crude oil; (6) our substantial unfunded reserve for retirement pensions and seniority premiums, which was equal to Ps. 1,080.51,535 billion (U.S. $54.9$76.9 billion) as of December 31, 2018;2020; (7) the persistence of our operating expenses notwithstanding declines in oil prices; (8) our rising per barrel lifting costs; (9) the possibility that our budget for capital expenditures will be insufficient to maintain and exploit reserves, particularly given our high investment needs to maintain production and replenish reserves; (10) the possibility that the Mexican Government will not be able to continue providing the support it has provided in recent years; and (9)(11) the involvement of the Mexican Government in our strategy, financing and management.

Ratings address our creditworthiness and the likelihood of timely payment of our long-term debt securities. Ratings are not a recommendation to purchase, hold or sell securities and may be changed, suspended or withdrawn at any time. Our current ratings and the rating outlooks depend, in part, on economic conditions and other factors that affect credit risk and are outside our control, as well as assessments of the creditworthiness of Mexico. Certain ratings agencies have recently lowered Mexico’s credit ratings and their assessment of Mexico’s creditworthiness has and may further affect our credit ratings.

Ratings actions related to us that occurred in 2020 and 2021 include the following:

On April 12, 2018, Moody’s Investors Service announced the revision of its outlook forMarch 26, 2020, Standard & Poor’s lowered our credit ratings for foreign currency long term issues and for local currency long term issues from BBB+ and A- to BBB and BBB+, respectively, maintaining a negative to stable andcredit outlook on a global scale.

On April 1, 2020, HR Ratings affirmed our global foreign currencylocal credit rating as Baa3at HR AAA with a stable outlook and lowered our global local currency credit rating as Aa3. ratings to HRBBB+(G) with a negative outlook.

On January 29, 2019,April 3, 2020, Fitch Ratings lowered our credit rating from BBB+BB+ toBBB- BB in both global local and global foreign currency with a negative outlook.

On April 17, 2020, Fitch Ratings lowered our international foreign and affirmedlocal currency long-term ratings from BB to BB-. Fitch Ratings also revised the outlook for our credit ratings as negative. from negative to stable.

On March 4, 2019, Standard and Poor’s announced the revision of the outlook forApril 17, 2020, Moody’s lowered our credit ratings from stableBaa3 to Ba2, maintaining a negative credit outlook.

On April 21, 2020, Moody’s lowered our credit ratings of our outstanding notes, as well as credit ratings based on our guarantee to A2.mx/Ba2 from Aa3.mx/Baa3. Moody’s also downgraded our short-term local scale rating to MX-2 from MX-1.

On December 4, 2020, Standard & Poor’s affirmed our foreign currency rating on BBB in line with affirmation of sovereign rating; the outlook remains negative.

On March 31, 2021, Fitch Ratings affirmed our long-term foreign and local currency ratings at BB-. The rating outlook is stable. In addition, Fitch simultaneously affirmed our national long-term ratings at A(mex) and national short-term ratings at F1(mex), and has withdrawn all national scale ratings for commercial reasons.

On April 30, 2021, HR Ratings affirmed our global credit ratings to HRBBB+(G) with a negative outlook and affirmed our global foreign currencylocal credit rating as BBB+ and our global local currency rating asA-.at HR AAA with a stable outlook.

Any further lowering of ourThese credit ratings, particularly those below investment grade, may have material adverse consequences on our ability to access the financial markets and/or our cost of financing. In turn, this could significantly harm our ability to meet our existing obligations, financial condition and results of operations.

If such constraints occur at a time when our cash flow from operations is less than the resources necessary to meet our debt service obligations, in order to provide additional liquidity to our operations, we could be forced to further reduce our planned capital expenditures, implement further austerity measures and/or sell additionalnon-strategic assets in order to raise funds.utilize alternative financing mechanisms that do not constitute public debt. A reduction in our capital expenditure program could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, such measures may not be sufficient to permit us to meet our obligations.

Going Concern

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that we can meet our payment obligations. As we describe in Note24-e to our consolidated financial statements, there exists substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We discuss the circumstances that have caused these negative trends, as well our plans in regard to these matters in “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Overview” above in this Item 5 and Note24-e to our consolidated financial statements included herein. We are currently evaluating our new business plan in light of the recent announcements by the Mexican Government in connection with the energy sector in Mexico, and we intend to continue taking actions to improve our results of operation, capital expenditures plans and financial condition. We continue operating as a going concern, and our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Equity Structure and Mexican Government Contributions

Our total equity (deficit) as of December 31, 20182020 was negative Ps. 1,459.42,404.7 billion, and our total capitalization(long-term debt plus equity) totaled Ps. 1,555.5(Ps. 537.1) billion. During 2018,2020, our total equity (deficit) improved by Ps. 43.0 billiondeficit increased from negative Ps 1,502.4Ps. 1,931.4 billion as of December 31, 2017,2019 to negative Ps. 2,404.7 billion as of December 31, 2020, primarily due to a Ps. 222.5 billion increase in actuarial gains on employee benefits and a Ps. 1.3 billion accumulated gain from the foreign currency translation effect, partially offset by our net loss for the year of Ps. 180.4 billion.509.1 billion, a Ps. 19.2 billion increase in actuarial losses on employee benefits and a Ps. 7.9 billion accumulated gain from foreign currency translation effects. Under theLey deConcursos Mercantiles (Commercial Bankruptcy Law of Mexico), Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities cannot be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding. In addition, our current financing agreements do not include financial covenants or events of default that would be triggered as a result of our having negative equity.

In 2018 and 2017, we did not receive any capital contribution from the Mexican Government.

On December 24, 2015, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit published in the Official Gazette of the Federation theDisposiciones de carácter general relativas a la asunción por parte del Gobierno Federal de obligaciones de pago de pensiones y jubilaciones a cargo de Petróleos Mexicanos y sus empresas productivas subsidiarias (General provisions regarding the assumption by the Mexican Government of the payment obligations related to pensions and retirement plans of Petróleos Mexicanos and its productivestate-owned subsidiaries). On August 3, 2016, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit informed us that the Mexican Government would assume Ps. 184.2 billion in payment liabilities related to our pensions and retirement plans, and accordingly replaced the Ps. 50.0 billion promissory note issued to us on December 24, 2015 with Ps. 184.2 billion in promissory notes.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the balance of Mexican Government contributions to Petróleos Mexicanos was Ps. 43.7 billion. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the total amount of contributions in the form of Certificates of Contribution “A” was Ps. 356.5 billion.

On January 31, 2019, the Mexican Government notified the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos that the Mexican Government would make payments to us through the SENER in a total amount of Ps. 25.0 billion. On March 8, 2018,2019, we received a payment for Ps. 10.0 billion and on April 11, 2019, we received a payment for Ps. 5.0 billion. These payments are part of the Mexican Government’s Strengthening Program for Petróleos Mexicanos. See “Item 5—Operating

From January 10, 2020 to July 21, 2020, we received Ps. 46.3 billion in capital contributions from the Mexican Government.

On September 11, 2019, we received Ps. 122.1 billion from the Mexican Government to help improve our financial position.

As of December 31, 2020 and Financial Review2019, the total amount of contributions in the form of Certificates of Contribution “A” was Ps. 46.3 billion and Prospects—Overview.”Ps. 122.1 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the balance of Mexican Government contributions to Petróleos Mexicanos was Ps. 524.9 billion and Ps. 478.7 billion, respectively.

Cash Flows from Operating, Financing and Investing Activities

During 2018,2020, net funds provided by operating activities totaled Ps. 141.865.3 billion, as compared to Ps. 63.485.2 billion in 2017,2019, mainly due to an increasea decrease in sales, the net effect of impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and a lower corresponding increaseequipment and the foreign exchange loss in cost of sales resulting from improvements in our operations.2020. During 2018,2020, our net cash flows used in investing activities totaled Ps. 101.1141.1 billion, as compared to net cash flows used in investing activities of Ps. 80.7111.3 billion in 2017.2019. Our net cash flows used infrom financing activities totaled Ps. 56.647.2 billion in 2018,2020, as compared to net cash flows used in financing activities of Ps. 46.35.0 billion in 2017.2019.

At December 31, 2018,2020, our cash and cash equivalents totaled Ps. 81.940.0 billion, as compared to Ps. 97.960.6 billion at December 31, 2017. See Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements included herein for more information about our cash and cash equivalents.2019.

Liquidity Position

We define liquidity as funds available under our lines of credit as well as cash and cash equivalents. The following table summarizes our liquidity position as of December 31, 20182019 and 2017.2020.

 

   As of December 31, 
   2018   2017 
   (millions of pesos) 

Borrowing base under lines of credit

   Ps.152,170    Ps.130,348 

Cash and cash equivalents

   81,912    97,852 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liquidity

   Ps.235,082    Ps.228,200 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

   As of December 31, 
   2019   2020 
   (millions of pesos) 

Borrowing base under lines of credit

  Ps. 177,397   Ps. 74,903 

Cash and cash equivalents

   60,622    39,990 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liquidity

  Ps. 238,019   Ps. 114,893 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for the years ended December 31, 20182019 and 2017.2020.

 

   For the years ended December 31, 
   2018  2017 
   (millions of pesos) 

Net cash flows (used in) from operating activities

  Ps.     141,787  Ps.       63,398 

Net cash flows used in investing activities

   (101,084  (80,690

Net cash flows (used in) financing activities

   (56,554  (46,255

Effect of change in cash value

   (88  (2,133
  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

  Ps.    (15,939 Ps.    (65,682
  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   For the years ended
December 31,
 
   2019   2020 
   (millions of pesos) 

Net cash flows from operating activities

  Ps. 85,221   Ps. 65,294 

Net cash flows used in investing activities

   (111,299   (141,140

Net cash flows from financing activities

   4,974    47,225 

Effect of change in cash value

   (186   7,989 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

  Ps. (21,291)   Ps. (20,632) 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Investment Policies

Our Finance and Treasury Department maintains financial resources sufficient to meet our payment commitments and those of the subsidiary entities, as well as a comprehensive, consolidated cash position and related projections in anticipation of such commitments.

Our investment policies attempt to take advantage of favorable market conditions by accessing the most favorable terms offered to us by financial institutions. Investments of financial resources by our Finance and Treasury Department are made in accordance with the following policies:

Investments of Mexican Pesos

In connection with investments in Mexican pesos, we are obligated, during the structuring and development phase of our financial transactions, to observe and comply with the investment guidelines for resources in pesos that were approved by our Financial Resources Committee on July 24, 2017, as modified from time to time. We may only invest in the following:

 

 (a)

In connection with investments in Mexican pesos, we are obligated, during the structuring and development phase of our financial transactions, to observe and comply with the investment guidelines for resources in pesos that were approved by our Financial Resources Committee on July 24, 2017, as modified from time to time. We may only invest in the following: securities issued or guaranteed by the Mexican Government;

 

 (b)

securities issued by Sociedades Nacionales de Crédito (National Credit Societies), the balance of which may not exceed 50% of our cash and cash equivalents;

 

 (c)

repurchase agreements that use securities issued or guaranteed by the Mexican Government;

 

 (d)

time deposits with major financial institutions, the balance of which may not exceed 30% of our cash and cash equivalents; and

 

 (e)

shares of mutual funds whose investments are limited to securities issued or guaranteed by the Mexican Government.

In addition to the above limits, demand deposit accounts must be traded with financial institutions that maintain, at a minimum, the following credit ratings as issued by the applicable rating agency:

 

Domestic scale

  

Fitch Ratings

  

S&P

  

Moody’s

Long term

  AA(mex)  mxAA  Aa2.mx

Short term

  F1(mex)  A-1  Mx-1

Investments of Financial Resources in Dollars

Investments of financial resources in dollars must meet our operational and strategic requirements and must be previously approved byBanco de México on acase-by-case basis. Currently, our investments in dollars are limited to operational accounts,short-term money market funds and time deposits. Our dollar investments are managed byBanco de México.

Operational Currencies

The main currencies for investing cash and cash equivalents are pesos and dollars. Similarly, we generate revenues from the domestic and international sales of our products in those two currencies and our expenses, including those relating to our debt service, are payable in these two currencies.

Commitments for Capital Expenditures and Sources of Funding

Our current aggregate commitments for capital expenditures for 2019 total2020 were Ps. 159.1 billion.122,476 million, however, we expect to increase our capital expenditures budget for 2021 up to Ps. 194,495 million. Both figures exclude amounts for non-capitalizable maintenance. For a general descriptionmore information regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our current commitments for capital expenditures,investment budget, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development—Capital Expenditures.” For an overview of current capital expenditure commitments, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development—Capital Expenditures” and the “Capital Expenditures and Budget” sections for each business segment in Item 4. The amount of our aggregate capital expenditures commitments for 20192021 remains subject to adjustment by the Mexican Government. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government—The Mexican Government controls us and it could limit our ability to satisfy our external debt obligations or could reorganize or transfer us or our assets.”

The following table sets forth our total capital expenditures, excludingnon-capitalizable maintenance, by segment for the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, and the budget for these expenditures for 2019.2021. Capital expenditure amounts are derived from our budgetary records, which are prepared on a cash basis. Accordingly, these capital expenditure amounts do not correspond to capital expenditure amounts included in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS. For more information, see “Item 4—History and Development—Capital Expenditures.”

   Budget
Year ended December 31,
 
   2020   2021(1) 
   (millions of pesos)(2) 

Exploration and Production

   Ps. 107,149    Ps. 179,275 

Industrial Transformation

   11,991    11,652 

Logistics

   2,955    3,193 

Fertilizers(3)

   175    n.a. 

Corporate and other Subsidiaries

   205    375 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps. 122,476    Ps. 194,495 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

   Year ended December 31,   Budget
2019(1)
 
   2018 
   (millions of pesos) 

Exploration and Production

   Ps.71,107    Ps.98,226 

Industrial Transformation

   17,026    57,500 

Drilling and Services

   1,388    1,295 

Logistics

   5,042    1,200 

Ethylene

   975    300 

Fertilizers

   331    500 

Corporate and other Subsidiaries

   893    107 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ps.96,762    Ps.159,128 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

n.a. = Not applicable

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

OriginalAn adjustment to the original budget was authorized on January 28, 2021. The original budget was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 17, 2019.November 30, 2020.

Source:(2)

Petróleos Mexicanos.Figures are stated in nominal pesos.

(3)

Prior to January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizers was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation.

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos.

Our current commitments for capital expenditures have fluctuated in recent years as compared to previous years. Based on past experience, we expect to generate sufficient funds for our working capital, capital expenditures and investments through:

 

cash flow generated by operations;

 

the issuance ofcertificados bursátiles(peso-denominated publicly traded notes) in the Mexican market;

support from the issuance of debt securities in the international capital markets;Federal Government;

 

the renewal of existing lines of credit and the entering into of new lines of credit from international and local commercial banks;

the issuance of certificados bursátiles (peso-denominated publicly traded notes) in the Mexican market; and

 

other financing activities.activities that do not constitute public debt.

TheWe are not anticipating the issuance of debt securities thatin the international capital markets for the year 2021, however, if we issue may vary in tenor, amount, currency and type of interest rate. Wedeem it necessary, we may issue debt securities in U.S. dollars, Japanese yen, euros, pounds pesossterling or Swiss francs, among others; these securities may be issued with fixed or floating rates and with maturities of one or more years, including perpetual debt securities, depending on market conditions and funding requirements. We may issue securities in the international capital markets or in the Mexican domestic market, ormarket; these securities may vary in both markets.tenor, amount and type of interest rate. Commercial bank syndicated loans may be established with single or multiple tranches with varying maturities. Bilateral loans may vary in tenor and range, which may be of one year or more. Finally, we may consider the implementation and development of alternative financing mechanisms that do not constitute public debt. See also “—Financing Activities” below.

Financing Activities

20192021 Financing Activities.Activities. During the period from January 1 to April 30, 2019, we did not participate in any material new financing activities.

2018 Financing Activities.During 2018,May 11, 2021, we participated in the following activities:

 

On February 12, 2018, Petróleos MexicanosJanuary 22, 2021, we issued U.S. $4,000,000,000 of debt securities under its U.S. $92,000,000,000Ps. 2,500,000,000 promissory notes due July 2021 at a rate linked to the Medium-Term28-day Notes Program, Series C, in two tranches: (1) U.S. $2,500,000,000 5.35% Notes due 2028 and (2) U.S. $1,500,000,000 6.35% Bonds due 2048. All debt securities under this program are guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics and their respective successors and assignees.Interbank Equilibrium Interest Rate (“TIIE”) plus 240 basis points.

 

On February 12, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos consummated an exchange offer pursuantJanuary 22, 2021, we issued Ps. 4,000,000,000 promissory notes due in July 2021 at a rate linked to which it exchanged (1) U.S. $952,454,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.500% Bonds due 2044 for U.S. $881,899,000 aggregate principal amount of its new 6.350% Bonds due 2048 and (2) U.S. $1,021,065,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.625% Bonds due 2046 for U.S. $946,764,000 aggregate principal amount of its new 6.350% Bonds due 2048.the TIIE plus 248 basis points.

 

On February 12, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos consummatedJanuary 22, 2021, we entered into a tender offer pursuant to which it purchased U.S.$ 2,052,000 aggregate principalcredit line for the amount of its outstanding 5.500% BondsU.S. $152,237,234.94 due 2044 and U.S.$ 2,488,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.625% Bonds due 2046.2031.

 

On March 5, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos consummated a tender offer pursuant to which it purchased U.S. $138,598,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.125% Notes23, 2021, we issued Ps. 2,000,000,000 promissory notes due 2019, U.S. $558,644,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.500% Notes due 2019, U.S. $91,843,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 8.000% Notes due 2019, U.S. $183,017,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 6.000% Notes due 2020 and U.S. $817,303,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.500% Notes due 2020.

On March 27, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a loan agreement in the amount of U.S. $181,101,291, which bears interestJune 2021, at a floating rate linked to LIBOR and matures in 2025.

On April 17, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos increased itsMedium-Term Notes Program from U.S. $92,000,000,000 to U.S. $102,000,000,000.

On May 24, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos issued €3,150,000,000 of debt securities under its U.S. $102,000,000,000 Medium Term Notes Program, Series C in four tranches: (1) €600,000,000 of its 2.500% Notes due 2022, (2) €650,000,000 of its Floating Rate Notes due 2023, (3) €650,000,000 of its 3.625% Notes due 2025 and (4) €1,250,000,000 of its 4.750% Notes due 2029. All debt securities issued under this program are guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics and their respective successors and assignees.

On June 4, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos issued CHF365,000,000 of its 1.750% Notes due 2023 under its U.S. $102,000,000,000 Medium Term Notes Program, Series C. All debt securities issued under this program are guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics and their respective successors and assignees.

On June 26, 2018, one of our subsidiary companies,Pro-Agroindustrias, S.A. de C.V., refinanced a credit line for U.S. $250,000,000 by entering into a new credit line for the same amount, which bears interest at a floating rate linked to LIBOR and matures in 2025. This credit agreement is guaranteed by Petróleos Mexicanos.

On August 23, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a loan agreement in the amount of U.S. $200,000,000, which bears interest at a floating rate linked to LIBOR and matures in 2023.

On October 23, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos issued U.S. $2,000,000,000 of its 6.500% Notes due 2029 under its U.S. $102,000,000,000 Medium Term Notes Program, Series C. All debt securities issued under this program are guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics and their respective successors and assignees.TIIE plus 238 basis points.

On November 9, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos entered intoApril 13, 2021, we issued Ps. 1,500,000,000 promissory notes due in July 2021, at a revolving credit facility inrate linked to the amount of Ps. 9,000,000,000, which matures in 2023.TIIE plus 215 basis points.

 

On November 30, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos borrowed U.S. $250,000,000 from a bilateral credit line, which bears interestApril 22, 2021, we issued Ps. 4,000,000,000 promissory notes due in October 2021, at a floating rate linked to LIBOR and matures in 2028.the TIIE plus 248 basis points.

As of December 31, 2018, Petróleos MexicanosMay 11, 2021, we had U.S. $6,700,000,000$5,500 million and Ps. 32,500,000,00037,000 million in available revolving credit lines in order to ensureprovide liquidity, with U.S. $6,400,000,000$70 million and Ps. 26,200,000,00024,500 million remaining available asavailable. For further discussion of December 31, 2018,our financing activities undertaken in 2020 and U.S. $3,210,000,000 and Ps. 12,500,000,000 remaining available as of April 23, 2019.

2017 Financing Activities.During 2017 we participated in the following activities:

On February 14, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos issued €4,250,000,000 of debt securities under its U.S. $72,000,000,000Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C, in three tranches: (1) €1,750,000,000 of its 2.5% Notes due 2021; (2) €1,250,000,000 of its 3.75% Notes due 2024; and (3) €1,250,000,000 of its 4.875% Notes due 2028. All debt securities issued under this program are guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics and their respective successors and assignees.

On April 6, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos obtained a a loan from a line of credit for U.S. $132,000,000, which bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.25% and matures in 2024. The line of credit is guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics.

On May 15, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a term loan credit facility in the amount of U.S. $400,000,000, which bears interest at a floating rate linked2019, please see Note 16 to LIBOR and matures in 2020. The term loan is guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics.

On June 16, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos increased itsMedium-Term Notes Program from U.S. $72,000,000,000 to U.S. $92,000,000,000.

On July 17, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a revolving credit facility in the amount of U.S. $1,950,000,000, which matures in 2020.

On July 18, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos issued U.S. $5,000,000,000 of debt securities under its U.S. $92,000,000,000Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C, in two tranches: (1) U.S. $2,500,000,000 of its 6.50% Notes due 2027 and (2) U.S. $2,500,000,000 of its 6.75% Bonds due 2047. All debt securities under this program are guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics and their respective successors and assignees.

On July 21, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos consummated a tender offer pursuant to which it purchased U.S. $922,485,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.750% Notes due 2018, U.S. $644,374,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.500% Notes due 2018 and U.S. $172,591,000 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.125% Notes due 2019.

On November 16, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos issuedLOGO 450,000,000 of its 3.750% Notes due 2025 under its U.S.$92,000,000,000Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C. All debt securities under this program are guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics and their respective successors and assignees.

On December 18, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a credit line facility in the amount of U.S. $200,000,000, which bears interest at a floating rate linked to LIBOR and matures in 2020.

On December 21, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos borrowed U.S. $300,000,000 from a bilateral credit line, which bears interest at a floating rate linked to LIBOR and matures in 2022.

As of December 31, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos had U.S. $6,700,000,000 and Ps. 23,500,000,000 in available revolving credit lines in order to ensure liquidity, with U.S. $5,400,000,000 and Ps. 23,500,000,000 remaining available.our consolidated financial statements included herein.    

Indebtedness

During 2018,2020, our total debt increased by 2.2%13.9%, from Ps. 2,037.91,983.2 billion at December 31, 20172019 to Ps. 2,082.32,258.7 billion at December 31, 2018,2020, primarily due to the financing activities undertaken during this period, as described in Note 1816 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

As of December 31, 20182020 and as of the date of this annual report, we were not in default on any of our financing agreements.

The following table sets forth the analysis of our total indebtedness (not including accrued interest) as of December 31, 20182020 based onshort- andlong-term debt and fixed or floating rates:

 

   In millions of 
U.S. dollars
 

Short-term debt

  

Short-term bonds with floating interest rates

  U.S. $1,120125 

Lines of credit with variable interest rates established under committed credit facilities with various international commercial banks

   1,8046,634 

Lines of credit with fixed interest rates

   5,12210,708 
  

 

 

 

Totalshort-term debt(1)

  U.S. $8,04617,467 
  

 

 

 

Long-term debt

  

Fixed rate instruments

  

Instruments with fixed annual interest rates ranging from 0.5%0.54% to 9.5% and maturities ranging from 20202022 to 20482060 and perpetual bonds with no maturity date

  U.S. $84,84785,678 

Variable rate instruments

  

Drawings under lines of credit based on LIBOR and other variable rates with maturities ranging from 20202022 to 20302031

   7,7876,041 

Floating rate notes with maturities ranging from 20202022 to 2025

   3,4131,903 
  

 

 

 

Total variable rate instruments

   U.S. $11,2007,944 
  

 

 

 

Totallong-term debt

   U.S. $96,04793,622 
  

 

 

 

Total indebtedness(1)

  U.S. $    104,093111,089 
  

 

 

 

 

Note:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Excludes U.S. $1,698.7$2,138.3 million of accrued interest and includes notes payable to contractors.

The table below sets forth our total indebtedness as of December 31 for each of the three years from 20162018 to 2018.2020.

Total Indebtedness of PEMEX

 

   As of December 31,(1) 
   2016   2017   2018 
   (in millions of U.S. dollars)(2) 

Domestic debt in various currencies

    U.S. $16,651     U.S. $13,595     U.S. $13,669 

External debt in various currencies(3)

      

Bonds(4)

   67,523    76,007    80,134 

Direct loans

   3,808    6,244    5,609 

Project financing(5)

   4,125    ,3,284    2,650 

Financial leases

   2,181    2,036    1,878 

Notes payable to contractors

   338    205    153 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total external debt

    U.S. $77,975     U.S. $87,776     U.S. $90,424 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total indebtedness

    U.S. $    94,626     U.S. $    101,371     U.S. $    104,093 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   As of December 31,(1) 
   2018   2019   2020 
   (in millions of U.S. dollars)(2) 

Domestic debt in various currencies

  U.S. $13,669   U.S. $13,724   U.S. $14,490 

External debt in various currencies(3)

      

Bonds

      

Direct loans

   80,134    78,758    82,856 

Project financing(4)

   5,609    7,209    10,559 

Capital lease and financing of infrastructure assets(5)

   2,650    2,184    1,722 

Note:

Notes payable to contractors

   1,878    1,493    1,410 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total external debt

   153    108    51 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total indebtedness

  U.S. $90,424   U.S. $89,752   U.S. $96,598 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  U.S. $104,093   U.S. $103,476   U.S. $111,088 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

Figures do not include accrued interest. Accrued interest was U.S. $1,346.1UU.S. $1,698.7 million, U.S. $1,602.5$1,758.9 million and U.S. $1,698.7 million$2,138.3 at December 31, 2016, 20172018, 2019 and 2018,2020, respectively.

(2)

Indebtedness payable in currencies other than U.S. dollars was first converted into pesos for accounting purposes at the exchange rates set byBanco de México and then converted from pesos to U.S. dollars at the following exchange rates: Ps.20.6640 = U.S. $1.00 for 2016, Ps. 19.786719.6829 = $1.00 for 2017 and2018, Ps. 19,682918.8452 = $1.00 for 2018.2019 and Ps. 19.9487 = $1.00 for 2020. See Notes 3 and 18Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(3)

Indebtedness payable other than in pesos and owed to persons or institutions having their head offices or chief places of business outside of Mexico and payable outside the territory of Mexico.

(4)

Includes, as of December 31, 2016 and 2017 , U.S. $0.16 billion and U.S. $0.06 billion, respectively, of bonds issued by Pemex Finance, Ltd. See “ —Financing Activities of Pemex Finance, Ltd.” below.

(5)

All credits included in this line are insured or guaranteed by export credit agencies.

Source:(5)

Beginning in 2019, this only includes Financing of infrastructure assets and does not include financial leases due to the adoption of IFRS. Financial leases were reclassified to lease liabilities.

Source: PEMEX’s consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Financing Activities of Pemex Finance, Ltd.

Commencing on December 1, 1998, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production, PMI and P.M.I. Services, B.V. have entered into several agreements with Pemex Finance, Ltd. Under these contracts, Pemex Finance, Ltd. purchases certain existing PMI accounts receivable for crude oil as well as certain accounts receivable to be generated in the future by PMI related to crude oil. The receivables sold are those generated by the sale of Maya and Altamira crude oil to designated customers in the United States, Canada and Aruba. The net proceeds obtained by Pemex Exploration and Production, which assumed all of the rights and obligations ofPemex-Exploration and Production under these agreements, from the sale of such receivables under the agreements are utilized for capital expenditures. Pemex Finance, Ltd. obtains resources for the acquisition of such accounts receivable through the placement of debt instruments in the international markets.

On July 1, 2005, we entered into an option agreement with BNP Paribas Private Bank and Trust Cayman Limited giving us an option to acquire 100% of the shares of Pemex Finance, Ltd. As a result, the financial results of Pemex Finance, Ltd. under IFRS are consolidated into our financial statements, and PMI’s sales of accounts receivable to Pemex Finance, Ltd. have been reclassified as debt.

On December 17, 2018, we exercised the option to acquire 100% of the shares of Pemex Finance, Ltd.

As of December 31, 2018, Pemex Finance, Ltd. had no outstanding debt.

2018 Financing Activities. During 2018, Pemex Finance, Ltd. made payments of U.S. $62.5 million in principal of its notes, thereby paying in full the remaining aggregate principal amount of its notes outstanding. Pemex Finance, Ltd. did not incur any additional indebtedness during 2018.

2017 Financing Activities. During 2017, Pemex Finance, Ltd. made payments of U.S. $100.0 million in principal of its notes. Pemex Finance, Ltd. did not incur any additional indebtedness during 2017.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2018, we did not have anyoff-balance sheet arrangements of the type that we are required to disclose under Item 5.E of Form20-F. See “Item 11—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.”

Contractual Obligations

Information about ourlong-term contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 is set forth below. This information is important in understanding our financial position. In considering the economic viability of investment opportunities we view any source of financing, for example, operating leases or sales of future accounts receivable, as being economically equivalent to consolidated debt.

Contractual Obligations as of December 31, 2018(1)

       Payments due by period 
   Total   Less than
1 year
   1 – 3 years   4 – 5 years   After
5 years
 
   (in millions of U.S. dollars) 

Contractual obligations recognized in balance sheet:

  

Debt(2)

        U.S. $103,761         U.S.$9,533         U.S. $18,691         U.S. $16,964         U.S. $58,573 

Notes payable to contractors(3)

   153    85    51    17     

Capital lease obligations(4)

   1,878    127    273    303    1,175 

Otherlong-term liabilities:

          

Dismantlement and abandonment costs obligations(5)

   4,270    39    715    331    3,185 

Employee benefits plan(6)

   54,898    3,490    7,208    7,968    36,232 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total contractual obligations recognized in balance sheet

   164,960    13,274    26,938    25,583    99,165 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other contractual obligations not recognized in liabilities:

          

Infrastructure works contracts(7)

   24,574    1,724    16,410    2,817    3,623 

Financed Public Works Contracts (FPWC)(8)

   508    227    77    76    128 

Nitrogen supply contracts(9)

   2,149    238    505    509    897 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

��

Total contractual obligations not recognized in
liabilities(10)

   27,231    2,189    16,992    3,402    4,648 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total contractual obligations

        U.S. $192,191         U.S. $15,463         U.S. $43,930         U.S. $28,985         U.S. $103,813 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

All amounts calculated in accordance with IFRS.

(2)

See Note 18to our consolidated financial statements included herein. Figures in this line item do not include notes payable to contractors and capital lease obligations, which are presented in separate line items, but do include accrued interest as of December 31, 2017.

(3)

See Note 18to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(4)

See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(5)

See Notes3-K and15-c to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(6)

See Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(7)

See Note28-e to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(8)

The amounts presented for Financed Public Works Contracts in this table correspond to works the performance and delivery of which by the relevant contractors are pending. For more information on the FPWC program, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Pemex Exploration and Production—Integrated Exploration and Production Contracts and Financed Public Works Contracts” and Note28-c to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(9)

See Note28-b to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

(10)

No amounts have been included for Integrated E&P Contracts in this table, since payments for these contracts will be made on aper-barrel basis and performance and delivery by the relevant contractors is pending. For more information on the Integrated E&P Contracts program, see “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—Pemex Exploration and Production—Integrated Exploration and Production Contracts and Financed Public Works Contracts” and Note28-d to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Source:

PEMEX’s consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Results of Operations by Business Segment

This section presents the results of our operations by business segment, including our central corporate operations and the operations of the consolidated subsidiary companies.

Revenue by Business Segment

The following table sets forth our trade and intersegment net sales revenues by business segment for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 20172018, 2019 and 20182020 as well as the percentage change in sales revenues for those years.

 

  Year Ended December 31,   2017   2018   Year Ended December 31,     
  2016   2017   2018   vs. 2016   vs. 2017   2018 2019 2020 2019
vs. 2018
 2020
vs. 2019
 
  (in millions of pesos)(1)   (%)   (%)   (in millions of pesos)(1) (%) (%) 

Exploration and Production(2)

                

Trade sales(2)

     Ps.                —      Ps.                —    Ps.        482,286    n.a.    100 

Trade sales(3)

  Ps. 482,485  Ps. 409,533  Ps. 301,527   (15.1  (26.4

Intersegment sales

   616,381    762,637    397,200    23.7    (47.9)    400,614   333,736   242,455   (16.7  (27.4
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total net sales

   616,381    762,637    879,486    23.7    15.3    883,099   743,269   543,982   (15.8  (26.8

Industrial Transformation(5)

                

Total trade sales

   653,654    863,573    961,104    32.1    11.3    973,927   799,256   477,920   (17.9  (40.2

Total intersegment sales

   117,096    150,360    141,997    28.4    (5.6)    143,632   127,888   97,303   (11.0  (23.9
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total net sales

   770,750    1,013,933    1,103,101    31.6    8.8    1,117,559   927,144   575,223   (17.0  (38.0

Drilling and Services

          

Trade sales(2)

   70    42    199    (40.0)                373.8 

Intersegment sales

   1,982    3,400    3,414    71.5    0.4 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total net sales

   2,052    3,442    3,613    67.7    5.0 

Logistics

                

Trade sales(2)

   2,814    3,715    4,708    32.0    26.7 

Intersegment sales

   68,317    70,672    63,673    3.4    (9.9) 
  

 

   

 

   

 

     

Total net sales

   71,131    74,387    68,381    4.6    (8.1) 

Cogeneration and Services(3)

          

Trade sales(2)

   133    335        151.9    n.a. 

Trade sales(3)

   4,708   4,664   4,099   (0.9  (12.1

Intersegment sales

   52    114        119.2    n.a.    63,673   88,605   80,575   39.2   (9.1
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total net sales

   184    449                    142.7    n.a.    68,381   93,269   84,674   36.4   (9.2

Fertilizers

                

Trade sales(2)

   3,875    4,125    2,938    6.5    (28.8) 

Intersegment sales

   900    643    66    (28.6)    (89.7) 
  

 

   

 

   

 

     

Total net sales

   4,776    4,768    3,004    (0.1)    (37.0) 

Ethylene

          

Trade sales(2)

   15,453    12,648    12,822    (18.2)    1.4 

Trade sales(3)

   2,938   1,635   1,516   (44.3  (7.3

Intersegment sales

   1,764    1,566    1,635    (11.2)    4.4    66   561   425   750.0   (24.2
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total net sales

   17,217    14,214    14,457    (17.4)    1.7    3,004   2,196   1,941   (26.9  (11.6

Trading Companies

                

Trade sales(2)

   395,354    508,606    204,168    28.6    (59.9) 

Trade sales(3)

   204,168   175,577   160,016   (14.0  (8.9

Intersegment sales

   405,293    539,193    640,382    33.0    18.8    640,382   484,139   280,924   (24.4  (42.0
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total net sales

   800,648    1,047,799    844,550    30.9    (19.4)    844,550   659,716   440,940   (21.9  (33.2

Corporate and other subsidiary companies

                

Trade sales(2)

   2,740    3,985    12,893    45.4    223.5 

Trade sales(3)

   12,893   11,306   8,584   (12.3  (24.1

Intersegment sales and eliminations

   (1,211,785)    (1,528,585)    (1,248,367)    26.1    (18.3)    (1,248,367  (1,034,929  (701,682  (17.1  (32.2
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total net sales

   (1,209,045)    (1,524,600)    (1,235,474)    26.1    (19.0)    (1,235,474  (1,023,623  (693,098  (17.1  (32.3
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total net sales

     Ps.    1,074,093      Ps.    1,397,029          Ps.    1,681,118    30.1    20.3   Ps. 1,681,119   Ps.1,401,971  Ps. 953,662   (16.6  (32.0
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

n.a.

Not available.

(1)

Figures for 2016, 20172018, 2019 and 20182020 are stated in nominal pesos.

(2)

Trade sales represent salesPrior to external customers. See “Item 3—Key Information—Selected Financial Data.”

(3)

This companyJuly 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services was liquidatedmerged into Pemex Exploration and Production. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in 2018.the Pemex Exploration and Production segment. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development”.

Source:(3)

PEMEX’s consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS.Trade sales represent sales to external customers. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Selected Financial Data.”

(4)

Prior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Ethylene operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of July 1, 2019, Pemex Ethylene was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Industrial Transformation segment. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development”.

(5)

Pemex Cogeneration and Services was liquidated on July 27, 2018. Except for certain expenses incurred in the liquidation, all operations were transferred to Pemex Industrial Transformation. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Industrial Transformation segment. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development”.

Source: PEMEX’s consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Income by Business Segment

The following table sets forth our net income (loss) by business segment for each year in thethree-year period ended December 31, 2018,2020, as well as the percentage change in income for the years 20162018 to 2018.2020.

 

   Year Ended December 31,   2017
vs. 2016
   2018
vs. 2017
 
   2016   2017   2018 
   (in millions of pesos)(1)   (%)   (%) 

Business Segment

          

Exploration and Production

     Ps.     (45,879)    Ps. (151,037)    Ps. (8,147)    229.2    94.6 

Industrial Transformation

   (69,865)    (55,787)    (57,049)    (20.2)    (2.3) 

Drilling and Services

   (142)    1,266    217    (988.7)    82.9 

Logistics

   (10,018)    (834)    (62,576)    (91.7)            (7,403.1) 

Cogeneration and Services(3)

   (35)    (92)        165.4    n.a. 

Fertilizers

   (1,659)    (4,270)    (5,330)    157.3    (24.8) 

Ethylene

   2,097    (1,442)    (4,986)            (168.8)    (245.8) 

Trading Companies

   11,167    12,045    4,778    7.9    60.3 

Corporate and other subsidiary
companies(2)

   (76,809)    (80,699)    (47,330)    5.1    41.3 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net income (loss)

     Ps.     (191,144)          Ps.     280,851        Ps.   (180,422)    246.9    164.2 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

n.a.
   Year Ended December 31,  2019 vs. 2018   2020 vs. 2019 
   2018  2019  2020 
   (in millions of pesos)(1)  (%)   (%) 

Business Segment

       

Exploration and Production (2)

  Ps. (7,929)  Ps. (240,844)  Ps. (216,922)   2,937.5    (9.9

Industrial Transformation (3)(4)

   (62,033  (72,428  (232,426  16.8    220.9 

Logistics

   (62,576  87,815   23,731   240.3    (72.9

Fertilizers

   (5,330  (7,344  (5,661)   37.8    (22.9

Trading Companies

   4,778   5,186   (682  8.5    (113.2

Corporate and other subsidiary companies(5)

   (47,330)   (54,496)   (77,092  15.1    41.5 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net income (loss)

  Ps. (180,420)  Ps. (282,112)  Ps. (509,052)   56.4    80.4 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

n.a. not available.

(1)

Figures are stated in nominal pesos. See “Item 3—Key Information—5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Selected Financial Data.”

(2)

Includes intersegment eliminations.

(3)

This companyPrior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of July 1, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services was liquidatedmerged into Pemex Exploration and Production. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in 2018.the Pemex Exploration and Production segment. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development”.

Source:(3)

PEMEX’s consolidated financial statements, preparedPrior to July 1, 2019, Pemex Ethylene operated as an additional productive state-owned subsidiary. As of July 1, 2019, Pemex Ethylene was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in accordance with IFRS.the Pemex Industrial Transformation segment. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development”.

(4)

Pemex Cogeneration and Services was liquidated on July 27, 2018. Except for certain expenses incurred in the liquidation, all operations were transferred to Pemex Industrial Transformation. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Industrial Transformation segment. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development”.

(5)

Includes intersegment eliminations.

2018Source: PEMEX’s consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS.

2020 compared to 20172019

We present below the results of our operations by business segment. For more information on our operating segments, see “Item 4— Information on the Company—History and Development—Corporate Structure” and Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included herein. For a detailed description of the financial results of each segment, see Note 1 and Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Exploration and Production

In 2018,2020, total sales increaseddecreased by 15.3%26.8%, primarily due to the increasedecrease in crude oil export prices. In 2017, sales of crude oil to the Trading Companies were presented as intersegment sales but, as a result of our implementation of accounting standard IFRS 15 in 2018 and the determination that PMI is considered an agent of Pemex Exploration and Production, all of Pemex Exploration and Production’s crude oil export sales are recognized as sales to third parties in 2018. For further information on the impact of our implementation of IFRS 15, see Note4-A to our consolidated financial statements included herein. The weighted average price of crude oil sold by our exploration and production segment for export was U.S. $62.29$35.47 in 2018,2019, as compared to U.S.$ 47.26 $55.60 in 2017.2020. Net loss related to exploration and production activities decreased by Ps. 142,89023,922 million, from a Ps. 151,037240,844 million loss in 20172019 to a Ps. 8,147216,922 million loss in 2018,2020 primarily due to the net reversal of impairment of our fixed assets in this segment.segment and lower cost of operation partially offset by the foreign exchange loss of the year.

Industrial Transformation

In 2018,2020, trade sales related to industrial transformation activities increaseddecreased by 11.3%40.2%, from Ps. 863,573799,256 million in 20172019 to Ps. 961,104477,920 million in 2018,2020, primarily due to an increasea decrease in the average sales prices of petroleum products. Intersegment sales decreased by 5.6%23.9%, from Ps. 150,360127,888 million in 20172019 to Ps. 141,99797,303 million in 2018,2020, primarily due to a decrease in sales of natural gas. In 2018,2020, our net loss related to industrial transformation activities was Ps. 57,049232,426 million, 2.3% higher than thean increase in net loss of Ps. 55,787159,998 million as compared to the Ps. 72,428 million net loss recognized in 2017.2019. The increase in loss was primarily due to an increase in operating expenses.

Drilling and Services

In 2018, total sales related to the drilling and services segment increased by 5.0%, from Ps. 3,442 million in 2017 to Ps. 3,613 million in 2018. This increase was primarily due to an increase in services provided to Pemex Exploration and Production. Net income related to drilling and services decreased by Ps. 1,048 million, from a net incomeimpairment of Ps. 1,266 millionour fixed assets in 2017 to net income of Ps. 217 million in 2018, primarily due to an increase in operating expenses.this segment.

Logistics

In 2018,2020, total sales related to the logistics segment decreased by 8.1%9.2%, from Ps. 74,38793,269 million in 20172019 to Ps. 68,38184,674 million in 2018,2020, primarily due to a decrease in the services provided to Pemex Industrial Transformation. In 2018,2020, our net lossincome related to logistics activities was Ps. 62,57623,731 million, which wasa decrease of Ps. 61,74264,084 million more thanin comparison to our net lossincome of Ps. 83487,815 million in 2017. The increase2019. This reduction in net lossincome was primarily due to netthe result of lower reversal of impairment of our fixed assets in this segment.

Cogenerationsegment as compared to 2019 and Services

In 2018 our cogeneration and services segment did not have operations, as all of the assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of Pemex Cogeneration and Services were assumed by, and transferred to, Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Cogeneration and Services was subsequently dissolved. For further information on the dissolution of Pemex Cogeneration and Services, see “Item 4— Information on the Company—History and Development—Corporate Structure” and Notes 1 and 6 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.an increase in administrative expenses.

Fertilizers

In 2018,2020, total sales related to the fertilizers segment decreased by 37.0%11.6%, from Ps. 4,7682,196 million in 20172019 to Ps. 3,0041,941 million in 2018.2020. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in thelower trade sales of ammonia. In 2018,2020, our net loss related to our fertilizersfertilizer activities increaseddecreased by 24.8%22.9%, from a net loss of Ps. 4,2707,344 million in 20172019 to a net loss of Ps. 5,3305,661 million in 2018,2020, primarily due to alower costs of operation and the decrease in profit sharing loss in joint ventures and associates.

Ethylene

In 2018, total sales related to our ethylene segment increased by 1.7%, from Ps. 14,214 million in 2017 to Ps. 14,457 million in 2018, primarily due to an increase in sales of monoethylenglecol. In 2018, our net loss related to our ethylene activities increased by Ps. 3,544 million, from a net loss of Ps. 1,442 million in 2017 to a net loss of Ps. 4,986 million in 2018. This increase in loss was primarily due an increase in cost of sales and taxes.

Trading Companies

In 2018,2020, total sales relating to the Trading Companies’ exports of crude oil and petroleum products to third parties (including services income) decreased in peso terms,by 8.9%, from Ps. 508,606175,577 million in 20172019 to Ps. 204,168160,016 million in 2018,2020, primarily as a result of the derecognition of revenuea decrease in average crude oil export prices from sales by Pemex Exploration and ProductionU.S. $55.60 in 2019, to the Trading Companies as a result of our implementation of IFRS 15U.S. $35.47 in 2018. For further information on the impact of our implementation of IFRS 15, see Note4-A to our consolidated financial statements included herein.2020. In 2018,2020, net income related to the Trading Companies decreased by 60.3%,Ps. 5,868, from a net income of Ps. 12,0455,186 million in 20172019 to a net loss of Ps. 4,778682 million in 2018,2020, primarily as a result of a net impairment of our implementation of IFRS 15.fixed assets in this segment and the decrease in profit sharing in joint ventures and associates.

Corporate and Other Subsidiary Companies

In 2018,2020, the total sales relating to corporate and other subsidiary companies afterinter-company eliminations decreased from Ps. 1,524,6001,023,622 million in 20172019 to Ps. 1,235,474693,098 million in 2018,2020, primarily due to a decrease in total intercompany sales as a result of an increase in the import of products.sales. Net loss related to corporate and other subsidiary companies afterinter-company eliminations decreased 41.3%increased 41.5%, from a net loss of net loss of Ps. 80,69954,497 million in 20172019 to a net loss of Ps. 47,33077,092 million in 2018,2020, primarily due to favorableunfavorable results from subsidiary companies.

20172019 compared to 20162018

We present below the results of our operations by business segment. For more information on our operating segments, see “Item 4— Information on the Company—History and Development—Corporate Structure” and Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included herein. For a detailed description of the financial results of each segment, see Note 1 and Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Exploration and Production

In 2017,2019, total intersegment sales which include sales to our industrial transformation segment and the Trading Companies, increaseddecreased by 23.7%15.8%, primarily due to the increase in crude oil export prices. As compared to 2016, our exploration and production segment’s sales of crude oil to the Trading Companies in 2017 increased by 40.0% in U.S. dollar terms, primarily due to an increase in exports to the United States and an increasedecrease in crude oil export prices. The weighted average price of crude oil sold by our exploration and production segment to the Trading Companies for export was U.S. $47.26$55.60 in 2017,2019, as compared to U.S. $35.17$62.29 in 2016.2018. Net loss related to exploration and production activities increased by 229.2%, or Ps. 105,158232,915 million, from a Ps. 45,8797,929 million loss in 20162018 to a Ps. 151,037240,844 million loss in 2017,2019, primarily due to net impairment of our fixed assets in this segment. For comparison purposes, this discussion of Pemex Exploration and Production presents information of Pemex Drilling and Services, which was merged into Pemex Exploration and Production on July 1, 2019.

Industrial Transformation

In 2017,2019, trade sales related to industrial transformation activities increaseddecreased by 32.1%17.9%, from Ps. 653,654973,927 million in 20162018 to Ps. 863,573799,256 million in 2017,2019, primarily due to an increasea decrease in the average sales prices of petroleum products. Intersegment sales increaseddecreased by 28.4%11.0%, from Ps. 117,096143,632 million in 20162018 to Ps. 150,360127,888 million in 2017,2019, primarily due to an increasea decrease in the pricessales of petroleum products sold.natural gas. In 2017,2019, our net loss related to industrial transformation activities was Ps. 55,78772,428 million, 20.2% lowera 16.8% greater loss than the loss of Ps. 69,86562,033 million in 2016.2018. The decreaseincrease in loss was primarily due to a decrease in cost and operating expenses.

Drilling and Services

In 2017, total sales related to the drilling and services segment increased by 67.7%, from Ps. 2,052 million in 2016 to Ps. 3,442 million in 2017. This increaselower sales. For comparison purposes, this discussion of Pemex Industrial Transformation presents information of Pemex Ethylene, which was primarily due to an increase in services provided tomerged into Pemex Exploration and Production. Net income related to drilling and services increased by Ps. 1,408 million, from a loss of Ps. 142 million in 2016 to a net income of Ps. 1,266 million in 2017, primarily due to an increase in foreign exchange income.Industrial Transformation on July 1, 2019.

Logistics

In 2017,2019, total sales related to the logistics segment increased by Ps. 3,256 million,36.4%, from Ps. 71,13168,381 million in 20162018 to Ps. 74,38793,269 million in 2017,2019, primarily due to an increase in the services provided to Pemex Industrial Transformation. In 2017,2019, our net lossincome related to logistics activities was Ps. 83487,815 million, a 91.7% decrease as comparedvariation of Ps. 150,391 million in comparison to theour net loss of Ps. 10,01862,576 million in 2016. The decrease in2018. This net lossincome was primarily due to the net reversal of impairment of our foreign exchange income.

Cogeneration and Services

In 2017, total sales related to our cogeneration and services segment increased by Ps. 264 million from Ps. 185 millionfixed assets in 2016 to Ps. 449 million in 2017, primarily due to an increase in the services provided to Pemex Industrial Transformation. In 2017, our net loss related to our cogeneration and services activities increased by Ps. 57 million, from a net loss of Ps. 35 million in 2016 to a net loss of Ps. 92 million in 2017. This increase in loss was primarily due to an increase in costs and operating expenses as well as increased financing costs.this segment.

Fertilizers

In 2017,2019, total sales related to the fertilizers segment decreased by Ps. 7 million,26.9%, from Ps. 4,7753,004 million in 20162018 to Ps. 4,7682,196 million in 2017.2019. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the trade sales of ammonia. In 2017,2019 our net loss related to our fertilizersfertilizer activities increased by Ps. 2,611 million,37.8%, from a net loss of Ps. 1,6595,330 million in 20162018 to a net loss of Ps. 4,2707,344 million in 2017, primarily due to the net impairment of our fixed assets in this segment.

Ethylene

In 2017, total sales related to our ethylene segment decreased by Ps. 3,003 million, from Ps. 17,217 million in 2016 to Ps. 14,214 in 2017,2019, primarily due to a decrease in sales of polyethylene, ethylene oxides, acrylonitrileprofit sharing in joint ventures and monoethylenglecol products. In 2017, our net income related to our ethylene activities decreased by Ps. 3,538 million, from a net income of Ps. 2,097 million in 2016 to a net loss of Ps. 1,442 in 2017. This decrease in income was primarily due a decrease in total sales.associates.

Trading Companies

In 2017,2019, total sales relating to the Trading Companies’ exports of crude oil and petroleum products to third parties (including services income) increaseddecreased in peso terms, from Ps. 395,354204,168 million in 20162018 to Ps. 508,606175,577 million in 2017,2019, primarily as a result of an increasea decrease in the prices of crude oil exports.export prices. In 2017,2019, net income related to the Trading Companies increased by 7.9%8.5%, from Ps. 11,1674,778 million in 20162018 to Ps. 12,0455,186 million in 2017,2019, primarily due to an increase in the permanent investment in associates that was recognized at fair value.as a result of lower costs of operation.

Corporate and Other Subsidiary Companies

In 2017,2019, the total sales relating to corporate and other subsidiary companies afterinter-company eliminations increaseddecreased from Ps. 1,209,0451,235,474 million in 20162018 to Ps. 1,524,6001,023,622 million in 2017,2019, primarily due to an increasea decrease in total intercompany sales as a result of an increase in the import of products.sales. Net loss related to corporate and other subsidiary companies afterinter-company eliminations decreased by Ps. 3,890 million,increased 15.1%, from a net loss of Ps. 76,80947,330 million in 20162018 to a net loss of Ps. 80,69954,497 million in 2017,2019, primarily due to unfavorable results from subsidiary companies and a loss in joint ventures and associates.companies.

Research and Development

Our research and development activities are focused on developing the Mexican energy sector through advancing products and solutions that are intended to be high quality, high performance and technologically efficient.

TheInstituto Mexicano del Petróleo (Mexican Mexican Petroleum Institute or IMP)(“IMP”) is a public research organization under SENER that is administered by the SENER.Mexican Government and has its own legal entity and resources, as well as technical, operative and administrative autonomy with respect to its decisions. The objective of the IMP is to develop the Mexican petroleum, petrochemical and chemical industries and assist us in the development of the Mexican energy sector. We work closely with the IMP on many of our research and development initiatives.

We continue to support different research projects. One of these projects is the implementation of networks of oceanographic observations (physical, geochemical, ecological) for the generation of scenarios in the event of possible contingencies related to the exploration and production of hydrocarbons in deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico with Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education).

We also coordinate with other entities outside of Mexico. For example, we collaboratehave begun discussions with the IMP on the development of our gasoline additives. On October 11, 2018, we launched the seventh generation of our high end performance additive that blends with our Pemex MagnaSinopec and Pemex Premium gasolines. This additive will be promoted as Pemex Aditec. Pemex Aditec isEcopetrol regarding a multifunctional additive and is formulated to obtain optimum performance, cleanliness and protection of the motor.

Additionally, we collaborate with the IMP through theirCentro de Tecnología para AguasProfundas (Deep-Water Technology Center or CTAP). The CTAP is equipped with various laboratories to research drilling of wells, characterization of natural and operational risks and qualification and design of production tools, equipment and systems for use by the petroleum sector in deep water. The center is located in Boca del Río, Veracruz.potential collaboration.

Item 6.

Item 6.     Directors, Senior Management and Employees

Under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, Petróleos Mexicanos iswe are governed by aten-member Board of Directors composed as follows:

 

the Secretary of Energy, who serves as the Chairperson and has the right to cast atie-breaking vote;

 

the Secretary of Finance and Public Credit;

 

three Mexican Government representatives, who are appointed by the President of Mexico; and

 

five independent members, who are appointed by the President of Mexico, subject to ratification by the Senate. Independent members perform their duties on apart-time basis, are not public officials (i.e., individuals holding federal, state or municipal government positions in Mexico) and have not been employed by Petróleos Mexicanos or any of the subsidiary entities during the two years prior to their appointment.

five independent members, who are appointed by the President of Mexico, subject to ratification by the Senate. Independent members perform their duties on a part-time basis, are not public officials (i.e., individuals holding federal, state or municipal government positions in Mexico) and have not been employed by Petróleos Mexicanos or any of the subsidiary entities during the two years prior to their appointment.

The Petróleos Mexicanos Law authorizes only the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of Finance and Public Credit to designate an alternate to serve in his or her place, provided that the alternate is a public official at the undersecretary level, at minimum. This alternate may attend meetings of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and otherwise assume the duties of the director, except that the Chairperson’s designated alternate may not cast atie-breaking vote. In addition, anyministry-level secretary serving as a member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos may designate an alternate to attend meetings on his or her behalf, provided that such alternate is a public official at the undersecretary level, at minimum.

Under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, all public officials serving as members of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos are required to act impartially and for the benefit and in the best interests of Petróleos Mexicanos, separating at all times the interests of the ministry or governmental entity for which they work from their duties as members of the Board of Directors.

Except in the case of the independent members first appointed in 2014 under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, theThe five independent members are appointed to staggeredfive-year terms, and may be appointed for an additional term of the same length. The remaining members of theour Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos are not appointed for a specific term.

Under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, each of the boards of directors of theour subsidiary entities will consist of not less than five and no more than seven members. The majority of the members of each of the board of directors shall be appointed by and represent the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos. The Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit may also appoint members to each board of directors of the subsidiary entities, subject to approval by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos.

The structure, organizational basis and functions of the administrative units of Petróleos Mexicanos and each of the subsidiary entities are established in theEstatuto Orgánico (Organic Statute) approved by the Board of Directors of each entity.

The following tables set forth certain information with respect to directors and executive officers of Petróleos Mexicanos and each of the subsidiary entities as of April 10, 2019.May 12, 2021.

Petróleos Mexicanos—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

  

Position with Petróleos Mexicanos

  

Year Appointed

Ms. Norma Rocío Nahle García  

ChairwomanChairperson of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and Secretary of Energy

Born: 1964

Business experience: Senator of the LXIV Legislature; Federal Deputy of the LXIII Legislature and CoordinatorLegislature; Advisor to the Energy Commission of the MORENA Parliamentary Group for the XI DistrictChamber of Veracruz; and AdvisorDeputies of the Energy CommissionLIX; and LXI Legislatures and of the Senate of the LXII Legislature.

Other board memberships: Chairwoman of CFE; Chairwoman of theCFE (Chairperson); Centro Nacional de Control de Energía; Chairwoman of CENAGAS; Chairwoman of thea (Chairperson); CENAGAS (Chairperson); Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares; Chairwoman of Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energías Limpias; Chairwoman of the Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo;Nucleares (Chairperson); IMP (Chairperson); and Fondo Mexicano del Petróleo.

Family relations: None.

  2018
Mr. Alberto Montoya Martín del CampoMiguel Ángel Maciel Torres  

Alternate Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos and Undersecretary of Hydrocarbons of the Ministry of Energy

Born: 19521960

Business experience: Advisor to the Senate; PresidentDeputy Director of theBusinesses Development for Exploration and Production of Petróleos Mexicanos; Deputy Director of Alliances Management of Pemex Exploration and Production; and Deputy Director of Field Development of Pemex Exploration and Production.

Other board memberships: CFE (Alternate); Centro Nacional de Estudios Estratégicos Nacionales, A.C.Control de Energía (Alternate); CENAGAS (Alternate); Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energías Limpias (Chairperson); and Professor Researcher of the Universidad Iberoamericana, A.C.Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (Alternate); and IMP (Alternate).

Family relations: None.

  20182019

Mr. Carlos Manuel Urzúa MacíasArturo Herrera Gutiérrez  

Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos and Secretary of Finance and Public Credit

Born: 19551966

Business experience: Professor ResearcherUndersecretary of Finance and Public Credit of the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, A.C. (ITESM); Director and FounderMinistry of the ITESM Graduate School of Public AdministrationFinance and Public Policy; and SecretaryCredit; Member of Transition Team for the Ministry of Finance ofand Public Credit; Practice Manager for East Asia at the Federal District.World Bank; and Practice Manager for Latin America and the Caribbean at the World Bank.

Other board memberships: Chairman ofCentro de Investigación y Seguridad Nacional; Casa de Moneda de México; Chairman ofxico (Chairperson); Comisión Nacional para la Protección y Defensa de los Usuarios de Servicios Financieros; Chairman ofFinancieros (CONDUSEF) (Chairperson); Financiera Nacional de Desarrollo Agropecuario, Rural, Forestal y Pesquero; Chairman ofPesquero (Chairperson); Instituto para la Protección al Ahorro Bancario; Chairman ofBancario (Chairperson); Lotería Nacional para la Asistencia Pública; Chairman ofblica (Chairperson); Pronósticos para la Asistencia Pública; Chairman ofblica (Chairperson); Servicio de Administración y Enajenación de Bienes; Chairman ofBienes (SAE) (Chairperson); Agroasemex, S.A. (Chairperson); Chairman of Banco del Ahorro Nacional y Servicios Financieros,Bienestar, S.N.C. (Chairperson); Chairman of Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior, S.N.C. (BANCOMEXT) (Chairperson); Chairman of Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios Públicos; Chairman ofblicos, S.N.C. (BANOBRAS) (Chairperson); Banco Nacional del Ejército, Fuerza Aérea y Armada, S.N.C. (BANJERCITO) (Chairperson); Chairman of Nacional Financiera, S.N.C. (NAFIN) (Chairperson); Chairman of Seguros de Crédito a la Vivienda SHF, S.A. de C.V. (SCV) (Chairperson); Chairman of Sociedad Hipotecaria Federal, S.N.C. (SHF) (Chairperson); Fondo de Operación y Financiamiento Bancario a la Vivienda; CNBV; Comisión Nacional de Seguros y Fianzas; Chairman ofFianzas (CNSF); Comisión Nacional del

2019

Petróleos Mexicanos—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Petróleos Mexicanos

Year Appointed

Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro; Chairman ofRetiro (CONSAR) (Chairperson); Servicio de Administración Tributaria; Instituto Mexicano de la Juventud;Tributaria (Tax Administration Service, or the SAT) (Chairperson); Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores; Consejo Nacional para el Desarrollo y la Inclusión de las Personas con Discapacidad; Coordinación Nacional de PROSPERA, Programa de Inclusión Social; Comisión Nacional Forestal; Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua; Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático; Comisión Nacional del Agua; Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Industrial y de Protección al Medio Ambiente del Sector Hidrocarburos; Caminos ytico (INECC); CONAGUA; ASEA; Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares; Caminos y Puentes Federales de Ingresos y Servicios Conexos;Conexos (CAPUFE); Servicio Postal Mexicano;Mexicano (SEPOMEX); Telecomunicaciones de México;xico (TELECOMM); Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo; Fondo de Cultura Económica; Instituto Mexicano de la Radio; Instituto Nacional para la Educación de los Adultos; Fideicomiso de los Sistemas Normalizado de Competencia Laboral y de Certificación de Competencia Laboral; Instituto del Fondo Nacional para el Consumo de los Trabajadores; Comisión Nacional de Vivienda;Trabajadores (INFONACOT); Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Penales; Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas; Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado;Estado (ISSSTE); Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda para los Trabajadores;Trabajadores (INFONAVIT); Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social;Social (IMSS); Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres;Mujeres (INMUJERES); CFE; Comisión de Política Gubernamental en materia de Derechos Humanos; Comisión Intersecretarial de Cambio Climático; Comisión Intersecretarial para el Desarrollo del Gobierno Electrónico; Comisión Intersecretarial de Gasto Público, Financiamiento y Desincorporación; Comisión Intersecretarial para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad; Comisión Intersecretarial para el Otorgamiento de Concesiones y Permisos previstos en la Ley de Aeropuertos; Comisión Intersecretarial para la Instrumentación del Programa de Integración del Registro Nacional de Población; Comisión Intersecretarial para la Prevención y Combate a la Economía Ilegal; Consejo Nacional de Educación para la Vida y el Trabajo; Consejo Nacional para las Comunidades Mexicanas en el Exterior; Comisión Coordinadora para la Negociación de Precios de Medicamentos y Otros Insumos para la Salud; Chairman ofComisión Intersecretarial de Compras y Obras de la Administración Pública Federal a la Micro, Pequeña y Mediana Empresa; Comisión Intersecretarial de Bioseguridad y Organismos Genéticamente Modificados; Comisión Intersecretarial de Desarrollo Social; Comisión Intersecretarial para el Desarrollo de los Bioenergéticos; Comisión Intersecretarial para la Atención de Sequías e Inundaciones; Comisión Intersecretarial para la Instrumentación de la Cruzada contra el Hambre; Comisión Intersecretarial para la Prevención Social de la Violencia y la Delincuencia; Comisión de Cambios;Cambios (Chairperson); Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras; Banco InteramericanoComisión Nacional de Desarrollo y CorporacióInversiones Extranjeras; Comisión InteramericanaAmbiental Metropolitana; Consejo de Inversiones; World Bank (Banco InternacionalEstabilidad del Sistema Financiero; Consejo de ReconstruccióSeguridad Nacional; Technical Committee of the Fondo Mexicano del Petróleo para la Estabilización y Fomentoel Desarrollo; Consejo Nacional para la Competitividad de la Micro, Pequeña y el Organismo MultilateralMediana Empresa; Consejo Nacional para la Prevención y Control de Garantílas Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles; Comité Técnico Especializado en Información sobre Discapacidad del Sistema Nacional de Información Estadística y Geográfica; Comité Nacional de Productividad; Comité Nacional de Seguridad Aeroportuaria; and Consejo Nacional de Protección Civil.

Family relations: Arturo Herrera Gutiérrez is the brother of Tonatiuh Herrera Gutiérrez, who is also a de Inversiones); and Banco de Desarrollo del Caribe.member of Pemex’s Board of Directors.

  2018

Petróleos Mexicanos—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Petróleos Mexicanos

Year Appointed

Mr. Arturo Herrera GutiérrezGabriel Yorio González  

Alternate Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos and Undersecretary of Finance and Public Credit of the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit

Born: 19661976

Business experience: Practice Manager for East Asia atHead of the World Bank; Practice Manager for Latin AmericaPublic Credit Unit of the Ministry of Finance and the CaribbeanPublic Credit; Public Sector Specialist at the World Bank; and Public Sector ManagerFinancial Management Specialist at the World Bank.

Other board memberships: Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo; Casa de Moneda de México; ComisiónCONDUSEF (Alternate); Financiera Nacional de Desarrollo Agropecuario, Rural, Forestal y Pesquero; Instituto para la Protección y Defensa de los Usuarios de Servicios Financierosal Ahorro Bancario (Alternate); Financiera Rural; Lotería Nacional para la Asistencia Pública (Alternate); Pronósticos para la Asistencia Pública (Alternate); Servicio de Administración y Enajenación de Bienes;SAE; Agroasemex, S.A.; Banco del Ahorro Nacional y Servicios Financieros,Bienestar, S.N.C.; Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior, S.N.C., Institución de Banca de Desarrollo; Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios Públicos; Banco Nacional del Ejército, Fuerza Aérea y Armada, S.N.C.; Nacional Financiera, S.N.C.; Seguros de Crédito a la Vivienda SHF, S.A. de C.V.; Sociedad Hipotecaria Federal, S.N.C.;BANCOMEXT; BANOBRAS; BANJERCITO; NAFIN; SCV; SHF; Fondo de Capitalización e Inversión del Sector Rural:Rural; Fondo de Garantía y Fomento para la Agricultura, Ganadería y Avicultura; Fondo de Garantía y Fomento para Actividades Pesqueras; Fondo de Operación y Financiamiento Bancario a la Vivienda; CNBV; Comisión Nacional de Seguros y Fianzas; Comisión Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro; Servicio de Administración TributariaCNSF; CONSAR; SAT (Alternate); Centro Nacional de Control de Gas Natural;CENAGAS; Centro Nacional de Control de la Energía; ISSSTE; CFE (Alternate); Comisión Nacionalde Fomento del as Actividades de las Organizaciones de la Vivienda (Alternate);Sociedad Civil; Comisión Intersecretarial para el Desarrollo de los Bioenergéticos; Comisión Intersecretarial para la Transición Digital; Comisión de Cambios; Comisión Permanente de Servicios de Salud a la Comunidad; Comisión de Comercio Exterior; Comisión Tripartita encargada de la Evaluación y Seguimiento de las Disposiciones establecidas en la Ley de Ayuda Alimentaria para los Trabajadores; Comité Interinstitucional para la Aplicación del Estímulo Fiscal

2019

a Proyectos de Inversión en la Producción Teatral Nacional; Comité Interinstitucional para la Aplicación del Estímulo Fiscal a Proyectos de Inversión en la Producción Cinematográfica Nacional; Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras (Alternate); Consejo de Estabilidad del Sistema Financiero; Consejo de Salubridad General; Consejo Nacional de Armonización Contable; Comité Técnico delTechnical Committee of the Fondo Mexicano del Petróleo para la Estabilización y el Desarrollo (Alternate); Consejo Consultivo Nacional del Sistema Nacional de Información Estadística y Geográfica; Comité Nacional de Productividad (Alternate) and; Comité de Representantes de la Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras; and Comisión Tripartita a que se refiere el artículoto which Article 15 de laof the Ley de Ayuda Alimentaria para los Trabajadores.

2018
Ms. Graciela Márquez Colín

Board MemberTrabajadores (Law of Petróleos Mexicanos and Secretary of EconomyFood Assistance for Workers).

BornFamily relations: 1965

Business experience: Professor Researcher of El Colegio de México; Visiting Professor of the University of California; and Academic Coordinator of El Colegio de México.

2018
Mr. José Francisco Quiroga FernándezAlternate Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos and Undersecretary of Mining of the Ministry of Economy2019

Born: 1973

Business experience: Director of Trading of Steelcom; Director of Operations of Coutinho & Ferrostaal; and Director of Human Resources and Chief of Staff of the Chief Executive Officer of ArcelorMittal Mexico.

Other board memberships: CFE (Alternate); Comisión Nacional del Agua (Alternate); Chairman of Exportadora de la Sal; Fideicomiso de Fomento Minero (Alternate); and Servicio Geológico Mexicano (Alternate).None.

  

Petróleos Mexicanos—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Petróleos Mexicanos

Year Appointed

Ms. María Luisa Albores González

Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos and Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources

Born: 1974

Business experience: Secretary of Welfare; and Advisor of Regional Agricultural and Livestock Cooperative Company Tosepan Titataniske.

Family relations: None.

2020
Mr. Tonatiuh Herrera Gutiérrez

Alternate Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos and Undersecretary of Promotion and Environmental Regulation of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources

Born: 1968

2020

Business experience: Director of Technical Planning and Coordination at Fideicomiso de Fomento Minero; General Coordinator at Fundación Arturo Herrera Cabañas; and General Coordinator at Centro Histórico Pachuca.

Other board memberships: Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de México (Alternate); Comité de Evaluación para Dictaminación de las Zonas de Desarrollo Turístico Sustentable; ISSSTE (Alternate); IMP; and Comité Consultivo Nacional de Normalización de Seguridad Industrial y Operativa y Protección al Medio Ambiente del Sector Hidrocarburos.

Family relations: Tonatiuh Herrera Gutiérrez is the brother of Arturo Herrera Gutiérrez, who is also a member of Pemex’s Board of Directors.

Mr. Manuel Bartlett Díaz  

Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos and Director General of CFE

Born: 1936

Business experience: Senator of the LXIII and LXII Legislatures; Senatorand Governor of the LVIII and LIX Legislatures; and GovernorState of Puebla.

Other board memberships: Chairman of CFE Generación I; Chairman ofI (Chairperson); CFE Generación II; Chairman ofII (Chairperson); CFE Generación III; Chairman ofIII (Chairperson); CFE Generación IV; Chairman ofIV (Chairperson); CFE Generación V Chairman of(Chairperson); CFE Generación VI; Chairman ofVI (Chairperson); CFE Transmisión; Chairman ofn (Chairperson); CFE Distribución; Chairman ofn (Chairperson); CFE Suministrador de ServicioServiciossico; Chairman ofsicos (Chairperson); CFE Calificados; Chairman ofTelecomunicaciones e Internet Para Todos (Chairperson); CFE Calificados, S.A. de C.V. (Chairperson); CFEnergía;a, S.A. de C.V. (Chairperson); and Chairman of CFE Internacional.International, LLC. (Chairperson).

Family relations: None.

  2018
Ms. Josefa González Blanco Ortiz Mena

Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos and Secretary of the Environmental and Natural Resources

Born: 1965

Business experience: Director General of Acajungla A.C.; Independent Manager of Social and Conservation Programs; and Manager of Social and Environmental Administration.

Other board memberships: Comisión Nacional de Normalización; Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras; Comisión Intersecretarial de Desarrollo Social, Comité Técnico del Fondo Nacional de Turismo; Comisión Intersecretarial para el Desarrollo del Gobierno Electrónico; Comisión Nacional Coordinadora de Investigación Oceanográfica; Comisión Intersecretarial de Vivienda; Comisión Intersecretarial para el Desarrollo Rural Sustentable; Comisión Intersecretarial de Bioseguridad y Organismos Genéticamente Modificados; Comisión Intersecretarial de Cambio Climático; Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad; Comisión Intersecretarial para el Desarrollo de los Bioenergéticos; Comisión Intersecretarial para el Manejo Sustentable de Mares y Costas; Consejo Nacional de Protección Civil; Consejo Nacional para la Competitividad de la Micro, Pequeña y Mediana Empresa; Comisión Nacional del Agua; Comisión Nacional Forestal; Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua; CFE; Comisión Nacional de Vivienda; Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas; Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda Para Los Trabajadores; Sistema Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agropecuaria y Alimentaria; Consejo Nacional de Población; Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres; Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres; Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabadores del Estado; Consejo Nacional de Protección Civil; Comisión Intersecretarial de Desarrollo Social; Fondo para el Cambio Climático; Subsistema Nacional de Información Geográfica y del Medio Ambiente; Fideicomiso del Fondo Sectorial de Investigación Ambiental; Consejo General de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación; Comisión Intersecretarial de Gasto Público, Financiamiento y Desincorporación; Consejo Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas; Entidad Mexicana de Acreditación; and Agencia de Seguridad, Energía y Ambiente.

2018

Ms. Katya Puga Cornejo

Alternate Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos and Undersecretary of Planning and Environmental Policies of the Ministry of the Environmental and Natural Resources

Born: 1984

Business experience: Head of the Social Participation Coordination and Transparency of the Ministry of Environmental and Natural Resources; General Director of Social Impact and Superficial Occupation of the Ministry of Energy; and Deputy General Director of Social Impact Evaluation and Previous Enquiry of the Ministry of Energy.

2019
Mr. Carlos Elizondo Mayer-Serra

Independent Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos
Born: 1962
Business experience: Assistant Professor of ITESM; Professor and Researcher of the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, A.C.; and Ambassador of Mexico to the Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos.

Other board memberships: Corporación Interamericana de Entretenimiento, S.A.B. de C.V. (Independent); and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología and TYASA, S.A. de C.V.

2014
Mr. Octavio Francisco Pastrana PastranaJuan José Paullada Figueroa  

Independent Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born19521951

Business experience: Partner Director of SFO Strategy, S.A.P.I de C.V.Paullada, Guevara y Asociados, S.C.; Partner of Administradora Ictineo Infraestructura, S.A.P.I. de C.V.; and President and Chief ExecutiveFiscal Attorney Officer of Isolux Mexicothe Federation; and Director General of Isolux Corsán, S.A.the Fideicomiso Liquidador de Instituciones y Organizaciones Auxiliares de Crédito.

Other board memberships: COREMAR Empresa de Servicios Portuarios, S.A.; and Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de México, S.A. de C.V. (Independent)Machado (Independent Board Member).

Family relations: None.

  20142019
Mr. José Eduardo Beltrán Hernández

Independent Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1942

Business experience: President of the Political and Social Sciences of the Academia Mexicana de Ciencias, Tecnologías y Humanidades; Federal Deputy; President of the Energy Commission of the LIII Legislature of the Chamber of Deputies; and General Secretary of Government of the State of Tabasco.

Family relations: None.

2019

Vacant

Petróleos Mexicanos—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

  

Position with Petróleos Mexicanos

Year Appointed

Ms. Laura Itzel Castillo Juárez

Independent Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1957

Business experience: Director General of Sistema de Movilidad 1 of the Government of Mexico City; Federal Deputy of the LXI Legislature; and Secretary of Urban Development and Housing.

Other board memberships: Director of

Fundación Heberto Castillo Martínez, A.C.

Family relations: None.

  2020
Mr. Rafael Espino de la Peña

Independent Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1963

Business experience: Partner Founder of Fernández, Espino y Asociados México S.C.; Director General and Board Member of Hospital Amerimed Cancún, S.A. de C.V.; and Director General of Hospital Amerimed Playa del Carmen, S.A. de C.V.

Other board memberships: Distribuidora Medisur, S.A. de C.V.; Medisur, S.A. de C.V.; lnmobiliaria Medisur, S.A. de C.V.; Operadora Medisur S.A. de C.V.; Promotora Variante S.A. de C.V.; Inmobiliaria Corbeta S.A. de C.V.; Autotransportes del Real S.A. de C.V. (Secretary); RAG Capital Partners S.A.P.I. de C.V.; RAG Capital Sports, S.A.P.I. de C.V.; Concentradora de Recursos Amerimed, S.A. de C.V.; Club de Futbol Atlante, S.A. de C.V.; Hospital Amerimed Cozumel Islamed, S.A. de C.V.; Hospital Amerimed Playa del Carmen, S.A. de C.V.; Hospital Amerimed Cancún, S.A. de C.V.; Espino y Borunda Abogados, S.C. (Sole Manager); and Fernández, Espino y Asociados México, S.C.

Family relations: None.

2019
VacantMr. Humberto Domingo Mayans Canabal  

Independent Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1949

Business experience: Senator of the LXII and LXIII Legislatures; Coordinator for Migration Affairs in the Southern Border of the Ministry of the Interior; and General Secretary of Government of the State of Tabasco.

Family relations: None.

  
VacantIndependent Board Member of Petróleos Mexicanos2019
Mr. Octavio Romero Oropeza  

Chief Executive Officer/Director General

Born: 1959

Business experience: President of the MorenaMORENA Political State Council of Tabasco,Tabasco; Head Official of the Government of the Federal District Government;District; and Federal Deputy of the LVI Legislature.

Other board memberships: CFECFE.

Family relations: None.

  2018
Mr. Alberto Velázquez García  

Chief Financial Officer / Corporate Director of Finance

Born: 1970

Business experience: Director of Projects and Public Finance of Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A.B. de C.V; Independent Consultant for Financing Structuring and Investment Projects; and Director of Public Policy Analysis of Consultora EF&I.&I, Grupo Financiero Interacciones.

Family relations: None.

  2018

Petróleos Mexicanos—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Petróleos Mexicanos

Year Appointed

Mr. Marcos Manuel Herrería Alamina  

Corporate Director of Management and Services

Born: 1967

Business experience: Director General of Management of the Ministry of Finance of Mexico City; Private Secretary of the Head Official of the Government of the Federal District Government;District; and Administrative Coordinator of the Procuraduría General de Justicia of the Federal District.

Family relations: None.

  20182019
Mr. Víctor Manuel Navarro Cervantes  

Corporate Director of Planning, Coordination and Performance

Born: 1963

Business experience: Managing Director of UrivanUrvian Servicios de ConsultoriaConsultoría para la Administración Pública; General Coordinator of Administrative Modernization of the Administrative Office of the Government of the Federal District Government;District; and Director General of Management and Finance of the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo of the Federal District.

2018
Ms. Brenda Fierro Cervantes

Acting Chief Information Officer/Acting Corporate Director of Information Technology and Deputy Director of Technologic Alliance.

BornFamily relations: 1974

Business experience: Project Leader of Lingo Systems, S.A. de C.V.; Director of New Technologies of the Government of the Federal District; and Deputy Director of Programming and Design of the Government of the Federal District.None.

  2018
Mr. Jorge Valadez Montoya

Acting Corporate Director of Alliances and New Businesses

Born: 1973

Business experience: Acting Deputy Director of Businesses Development of Exploration and Production of Petróleos Mexicanos; Associate Managing Director of Alliances and New Businesses for Production Support of Petróleos Mexicanos; and Deputy Director of Project Analysis of PMI.

2018

Ms. Luz María Zarza Delgado  

Acting Legal Director and

Born: 1968

Business experience: Deputy Director of Legal Consulting

Born: 1968
Business experience: of Petróleos Mexicanos; General Counsel of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; Legal Counsel of the Estado de México;State of Mexico; and Magistrate of the Electoral Court of the Estado de México.State of Mexico.

Family relations: None.

  2018
Mr. José Salvador de la Mora Real

Head of the Institutional Internal Control Unit
Born: 1959

Business experience: Operative Secretary of Information Technologies and Communications of the Tribunal Federal de Justicia Administrativa; Head of the Internal Control Body in Financiera Nacional para el Desarrollo Agropecuario, Rural, Forestal y Pesquero; and Associate Managing Director of Planning and Project Management of Petróleos Mexicanos.

20182019
Mr. Francisco Javier Vega Rodríguez  

Head of Internal AuditingAuditor

Born: 1955

Business experience: Advisor “A” of Internal Auditing of Petróleos Mexicanos; and Analysis Director of Superior Audit of the ASF; and Analysis Deputy Director of Government Functions of the ASF.

Family relations: None.

  2019

One position on our Board of Directors is currently vacant.

Pemex Exploration and Production—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

  

Position with Pemex Exploration and Production

  

Year Appointed

Mr. Octavio Romero Oropeza  ChairmanChairperson of the Board of Pemex Exploration and Production (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)  2018
Mr. Jorge Luis Basaldúa Ramos

Board Member of Pemex Exploration and Production and Director General of Pemex Industrial Transformation

Born: 1964

Business experience: Undersecretary of Human Capital and Management in the Government of Mexico City; General Manager in the Social Security Fund of the Preventive Police of Mexico City; and General Director of the Social Security Fund of the Auxiliary Police of Mexico City.

Other board memberships: Administración Portuaria Integral Dos Bocas; and IMP (Alternate).

Family relations: None.

2020

Pemex Exploration and Production—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Pemex Exploration and Production

Year Appointed

Mr. Javier Núñez López

Board Member of Pemex Exploration and Production and Deputy Director of Supply of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1965

Business experience: Acting Operative Director of Procurement and Supply of Petróleos Mexicanos; Director of Management of Xalapa, Veracruz; Chief of Staff of the LXII Legislature of the State of Tabasco Congress; and Director of Management of the Secretaría de Salud of the State of Tabasco.

Family relations: None.

2019
Mr. Alberto Velázquez García  Board Member of Pemex Exploration and Production (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)  2018
Mr. Miguel Gerardo Breceda Lapeyre

Board Member of Pemex Exploration and Production and Director General of Pemex Industrial Transformation

Born: 1949

Business experience: General Coordinator of the Instituto Nacional de Ecologia y Cambio Climático; Professor Researcher of the Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México; and Professor Researcher of the Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa.

Other board memberships: Administración Portuaria Integral Dos Bocas; and Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo.

2018
Mr. Javier Núñez López

Board Member of Pemex Exploration and Production and Acting Operative Director of Procurement and Supply of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1965

Business experience: Director of Management of Xalapa, Veracruz; Chief of Staff of the Congress of the State of Tabasco; and Director General of Management of the Ministry of Health of the Tabasco Government.

2019

Mr. Jorge Alberto Arévalo Villagrán  

Board Member of Pemex Exploration and Production and Director General of Exploration and Extraction of Hydrocarbons of the Ministry of Energy

Born: 1961

Business experience: Visiting Professor in Petroleum Engineering of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Technical Director of Special Projects of Soluciones en Software Especializado Némesis, S.A. de C.V.; and Associate Managing Director of Strategies and Plans of Pemex Exploration and Production.

Other board memberships: Fondo Sectorial CONACYT- SecretariaFondos Sectoriales CONACYT-Secretaría de Energia- Hidrocarburos.Energía-Hidrocarburos; and Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (Alternate).

Family relations: None.

  2018
Mr. Arturo Herrera GutiérrezGabriel Yorio González  Board Member of Pemex Exploration and Production and Acting Undersecretary of Income of the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)  2018
2019
Mr. Ulises Hernández RomanoÁngel Cid Munguía  

Board Member of Pemex Exploration and Production Actingand Director General of Pemex Exploration and Production and Director of Resources, Reserves and Associations of Pemex Exploration and Production

Born: 1970
1961

Business experience: DeputyExecutive Coordinator of the Director of Geosciences and Technical AssuranceGeneral’s Office of Pemex Exploration and Production; Deputy DirectorManager of Portfolio Management and Access to New AreasSpecialized Technical Resources of Pemex Exploration and Production; and Associate Managing DirectorAdministrator of Deposits GeologyActivo Integral de Producción Bloque S03 of Pemex Exploration and Production.

Family relations: None.

  20192021

Pemex Industrial Transformation—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

  

Position with Pemex Industrial Transformation

  

Year Appointed

Mr. Octavio Romero Oropeza  ChairmanChairperson of the Board of Pemex Industrial Transformation (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)  2018
Mr. Marcos Manuel Herrería Alamina  Board Member of Pemex Industrial Transformation (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)  20182019

Pemex Industrial Transformation—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Pemex Industrial Transformation

Year Appointed

Mr. Leopoldo Vicente Melchi GarcíaVíctor David Palacios Gutiérrez  

Board Member of Pemex Industrial Transformation and Director General of Natural Gas and Petrochemicals of the Ministry of Energy

Born: 19531954

Business experience: Director General of Petroleum Agreements of the Ministry of Energy;Acting Associate ManangingManaging Director of EvaluationGas Processing Complex La Cangrejera of Pemex Gas and AuditingBasic Petrochemicals; Deputy Manager of Petróleos Mexicanos;Production of Pemex Gas and General CoordinatorBasic Petrochemicals; and Project Leader for Maximizing the Impact of Design and ImplementationTechnology in Gas Processing Complex La Cangrejera of the Institutional Program of Auditing and Support for Effective Execution of Pemex-SSPA System of Petróleos Mexicanos.Pemex Petrochemicals.

Other board memberships: Technical Advisor Committee of the National Contingency Plan to FightCENAGAS (Alternate); and Control Hydrocarbons Spills and other Harmful Substances in the Sea of the Armada de México, Secretaría de Marina; Centro Nacional de Metrología (Alternate); Committee of Financing and Accounting Information of the Centro Nacional de Control de Gas Natural; Fideicomiso Público de Administración y Pago CENAGAS – BANCOMEXT No. 0637; and Committee of Control and Institutional Performance of CENAGAS.a.

2018
Mr. Ulises Hernández RomanoBoard Member of Pemex Industrial Transformation (refer to Pemex Exploration and Production)

Family relations: None.

  2019
Mr. Alberto Velázquez García  Board Member of Pemex Industrial Transformation (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)  2018
Mr. Arturo Herrera GutiérrezÁngel Cid Munguía.  Board Member of Pemex Industrial Transformation (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)Pemex Exploration and Production)  20182021
Mr. Miguel Gerardo Breceda LapeyreGabriel Yorio González  Board Member of Pemex Industrial Transformation and Undersecretary of Income of the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)2019
Mr. Jorge Luis Basaldúa RamosBoard Member of Pemex Industrial Transformation and Acting Director General of Pemex Industrial Transformation (refer to Pemex Exploration and Production)  2018

Pemex Drilling and Services—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Pemex Drilling and Services

Year Appointed

Mr. Octavio Romero OropezaChairman of the Board of Pemex Drilling and Services (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)2018
Mr. Víctor Manuel Navarro CervantesBoard Member of Pemex Drilling and Services (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)2018
Mr. Marcos Manuel Herrería AlaminaBoard Member of Pemex Drilling and Services (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)2018
Ms. Brenda Fierro CervantesBoard Member of Pemex Drilling and Services (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)2018
Mr. Ulises Hernández RomanoBoard Member of Pemex Drilling and Services (refer to Pemex Exploration and Production)2019

Pemex Drilling and Services—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Pemex Drilling and Services

Year Appointed

Ms. Beatriz Eugenia Rebolledo Díaz

Board Member of Pemex Drilling and Services, Acting Deputy Director of Businesses Development of Exploration and Production of Petróleos Mexicanos and Associate Managing Director of New Models of Execution of Exploration and Production of Petróleos Mexicanos.

Born: 1970

Business experience: Project Leader of Petróleos Mexicanos; Associate Managing Director of Economic and Technical Regulation of Petróleos Mexicanos; and Deputy Manager of Economic Regulatory Models of Pemex Industrial Transformation.

2018
Mr. Roberto Patlán Esponda

Board Member of Pemex Drilling and Services and Coordinator of Procurement and Supply for Exploration and Production of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1980
Business experience: Administrative Manager of Scarlet Wircom Telecomunicaciones; Deputy Manager of General Services of the National System for Family Integral Development of the Mexico City Government; and Advisor to the Director of Material Resources and General Services of the National System for Family Integral Development of the Mexico City Government.

2018
Mr. Carlos Francisco Rangel Hernández

Acting Director General of Pemex Drilling and Services

Born: 1960

Business experience: Deputy Director of Operations in Well Interventions of Pemex Drilling and Services; Associate Managing Director of Drilling and Repairs ofOn-Shore Wells of Pemex Drilling and Services; and Acting Associate Managing Director of Drilling and Wells Manteinance North and South Divisions of Pemex Exploration and Production.

Other board memberships: Asociación de Ingenieros Petroleros, A.C.

20182020

Pemex Logistics—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

  

Position with Pemex Logistics

  

Year

Appointed

Mr. Octavio Romero Oropeza  ChairmanChairperson of the Board of Pemex Logistics (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)  2018
Mr. Marcos Manuel Herrería Alamina  Board Member of Pemex Logistics (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)  20182019
Ms. Brenda Fierro Cervantes  

Board Member of Pemex Logistics (refer toand Deputy Director of Information Technology of Petróleos Mexicanos)Mexicanos

Born: 1974

Business experience: Acting Chief Information Officer/Acting Corporate Director of Information Technology and Deputy Director of Technologic Alliance of Petróleos Mexicanos; Project Leader of Lingo Systems, S.A. de C.V.; Director of New Technologies of the Government of the Federal District; and Deputy Director of Programming and Design of the Government of the Federal District.

Family relations: None.

  20182019
Mr. Jorge Francisco Cuéllar MataGuillermo Alejandro Perabeles Garza  

Board Member of Pemex Logistics and Acting Deputy Director of Strategic Planning and Regulatory Analysis of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 19551948

Business experience: Associate ManagingDeputy Manager of Strategy Optimization at Petróleos Mexicanos; Executive Director of Investment Portfolio ManagementRegulations Proposal of Petróleos Mexicanos; Associate Managingthe Government of the Federal District; and Director of Investment PortfolioAdministrative Regulation of Petróleos Mexicanos; and Associate Managing Directorthe Government of Investment Analysis of Petróleos Mexicanos.the Federal District.

Family relations: None.

  20182019

Pemex Logistics—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Pemex Logistics

Year Appointed

Mr. Carlos Fernando Cortez González  

Board Member of Pemex Logistics and Acting Deputy Director of Budget and Accounting of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1971

Business experience: Acting Manager Director of Budget of Petróleos Mexicanos; Associate Managing Director of Programming and Financial Analysis of Petróleos Mexicanos; and Deputy Manager of Income and Operational Outcomes of Petróleos Mexicanos; and Technical Specialist “B” of the Deputy Associate Managing Direction of Financial Analysis of Petróleos Mexicanos.

Family relations: None.

  2019
Ms. Reyna MaríFrancisca Lucía Basilio OrtizGonzález Gaytán  

Board Member of Pemex Logistics and Coordinator of Procurement and Supply for Pemex Industrial Transformation of Petroleos Mexicanos

Born: 1961
1972

Business experience: ExecutiveAssociate Managing Director of OperationsManagement and Control of the Metro ProjectConsumer Goods Warehouses of the Federal District;Petróleos Mexicanos; Strategy Coordinator of Procurement and AdvisorSupply of Petróleos Mexicanos; and Acting Director of Management of Contractsthe Council of the Metro Project of the Federal District.Xalapa, Veracruz.

Family relations: None.

  2018
2020
Mr. Antonio López Velarde Loera  

Board Member of Pemex Logistics and Deputy Director of Risk Management and Reinsurance of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1976

Business experience: Associate Managing Director of Financial Risk Management of Petróleos Mexicanos; Deputy Manager of Capital Markets and Derivatives of Petróleos Mexicanos; and Deputy Manager of Derivative Transactions of Petróleos Mexicanos.

Family relations: None.

  2018
Mr. Javier Emiliano González del Villar  

Director General of Pemex Logistics

Born: 1972

Business experience: Internal Affairs forAssociate Managing Director of Pipelines Transportation, Maintenance and Services of Petróleos Mexicanos; General Inspector of the Comisión Nacional de Seguridad;Federal Police; and Advisor of the National Commissioner of the Comisión Nacional contra las Adicciones.

2018

Pemex Fertilizers—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Pemex Fertilizers

Year

Appointed

Mr. Octavio Romero OropezaChairman of the Board of Pemex Fertilizers (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)2017
Mr. Luis Rodolfo Capitanachi Dagdug

Board Member of Pemex Fertilizers and Associate Managing Director of Finance, Industrial Processes and Logistics of Petróleos Mexicanos

BornFamily relations: 1971

Business experience: Associate Managing Director of Accounting for Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Other Businesses of Petróleos Mexicanos; Acting Deputy Director of Management and Finance of Pemex-Petrochemicals; and Associate Managing Director of Financial Resources of Pemex-Petrochemicals.

2015
Mr. Raúl Rodríguez Ramírez

Board Member of Pemex Fertilizers and Deputy Director of Economic-Financial Performance of Petróleos Mexicanos.

Born: 1967

Business experience: Associate Managing Director of Project Portfolio Analysis of Petróleos Mexicanos; Manager of IBM Global Services; and Technical Support Specialist of IBM Company.

2017
Mr. Marco Manuel Herrería AlaminaBoard Member of Pemex Fertilizers (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)2018
Mr. Javier Emiliano González del VillarBoard Member of Pemex Fertilizers (refer to Pemex Logistics)2018
Mr. Nazario Pérez Monsalvo

Board Member of Pemex Fertilizers and Acting Deputy Director of Business Performance of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1951

Business experience: Analyst at Urvian Consulting; Deputy Director of Human Resources at the Cineteca Nacional; and Financial Resources Manager at the Collective Transport System.

2019
Mr. Ángel Rossette Rodríguez

Board Member of Pemex Fertilizers and Deputy Director of Gas and Petrochemicals Process of Pemex Industrial Transformation

Born: 1960

Business experience: Acting Associate Managing Director of Salina Cruz Refinery of Pemex Industrial Transformation; Associate Managing Director of Nuevo Pemex GPC of Pemex Industrial Transformation; and Associate Managing Director of Cactus GPC of Pemex Industrial Transformation.

Other board memberships: Instituto Mexicano de Ingenieros Químicos, A.C. (Chairman).

2018
Mr. Rogelio Hernández Cázares

Director General of Pemex Fertilizers

Born: 1982

Business experience: State of Coahuila Liaison for the Movement of National Regeneration (Morena); Managing Director of the Statewide Regime of Social Protection in Healthcare of the State of Oaxaca; and Managing Director of Monte de Piedad of the State of Oaxaca.None.

  2018

Pemex Ethylene—Directors and Executive Officers

Name

Position with Pemex Ethylene

Year

Appointed

Mr. Octavio Romero OropezaChairman of the Board of Pemex Ethylene (refer to Petróleos Mexicanos)2018
Mr. Carlos Fernando Cortez GonzálezBoard Member of Pemex Ethylene (refer to Pemex Logistics)2019
Mr. Miguel Ángel García Montoya

Board Member of Pemex Ethylene and Acting Associate Managing Director of Alliances and New Business Development to Support Production of the Corporate Direction of Alliances and New Businesses of Petróleos Mexicanos

Born: 1962

Business experience: Project Leader for the Development and Implementation of Integral Services Contracts for Exploration and Extraction of Pemex Exploration and Production; and Representative of Cinco Presidentes Business Unit of Pemex Exploration and Production.

2018
Mr. Nazario Pérez MonsalvoBoard Member of Pemex Ethylene (refer to Pemex Fertilizers)2019
Ms. Reyna María Basilio OrtizBoard Member of Pemex Ethylene (refer to Pemex Logistics)2018
Mr. Rogelio Hernández CázaresBoard Member of Pemex Ethylene (refer to Pemex Fertilizers)2018
Mr. Ángel Rossette RodríguezBoard Member of Pemex Ethylene (refer to Pemex Fertilizers)2018
Mr. Manuel Antonio Mijares Bravo

Director General of Pemex Ethylene

Born: 1950

Business experience: Director of Expenses and Investment of the Ministry of Energy; Director of Evaluation and Industrial Promotion of the Petrochemicals Industry of the Ministry of Energy; and Director of Budget Control and Financial Analysis of Metallurgy Public Sector Entities of the Ministry of Energy, Mining and Parastatal Industries.

2019

Board Appointments

On April 11, 2019, the Senate ratified the following independent members to the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos appointed by the President of Mexico:

Mr. Juan José Paullada Figueroa, replacing Mr. Felipe Duarte Olvera, who resigned on December 17, 2018. Juan José Paullada Figueroa’s term will end on September 17, 2019; and

Mr. José Eduardo Beltrán Hernandez, replacing Mr. Jorge José Borja Navarrete, whose term ended on September 18, 2018. Mr. José Eduardo Beltrán Hernandez’s term will end on April 11, 2024.

As of the date of this annual report, one seat on the Board of Petróleos Mexicanos remains vacant following the resignation of Ms. María Teresa Fernández Labardini in March 2019.

Compensation of Directors and Officers

For the year ended December 31, 2018,2020, the aggregate compensation of executive officers of Petróleos Mexicanos and the existing subsidiary entities (17(14 people) paid or accrued in that year for services in all capacities was Ps. 51.230.9 million. Except in the case of the independent members, with respect to the previous Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and the boards of directors of the existing subsidiary entities, and the independent members, with respect to the new Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, the members of our boards of directors do not receive compensation for their services. The compensation paid or accrued during 20182020 to the professional members of the previous Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and boards of directors of the existing subsidiary entities was Ps. 8.96.0 million. See “Item 7—Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions” for information about the salary advances that we offer to our executive officers as an employee benefit.

Board Practices

Except in the case of the independent members with respect to the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, neither the members of the boards of directors nor the executive officers of Petróleos Mexicanos or the productivestate-owned subsidiaries are appointed for a specific term. The length of the terms of the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of Finance and Public Credit is, however, limited by the length of their respective positions in the Mexican Government. Except in the case of the independent members first appointed under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, theThe five independent members of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos will be appointed forfive-year terms, and may be appointed for an additional term of the same length.

The Mexican Government representatives that serve as members of the boards of directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and each of the existing subsidiary entities may be removed at the discretion of the President of Mexico. The independent members of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos may be removed for cause, including failure to carry out the duties and obligations set forth in the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, by the President of Mexico upon Senate approval.

On October 14, 2014, theThe Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos appointedappoints members to and convened the fourfive committees established byin accordance with the Petróleos Mexicanos Law to support its work. Unless otherwise specified in the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, the memberships of these committees must consist of at least three, but no more than five, members of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos. Each of these committees must include two independent members of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, with the exception of the Audit Committee, which must include three independent members. Each of the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Finance and Public Credit and anyministry-level secretary serving as a member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos may designate one or more alternates to take his or her place at committee meetings, provided that these alternates are public officials whose positions are not more than two levels below such secretary’s position in the Mexican Government.

The committees may authorize a representative of the Director General to attend their meetings as a guest with the right to participate, but not vote, when deemed advisable for the performance of their duties.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos is required to, among other duties, oversee our management, evaluate our financial and operational performance, monitor the status of our internal control systems, as well as nominate our external auditors, whose appointments are approved by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos. See “Item 16C—Principal Accountant Fees and Services.” Pursuant to

Each of the three members of the Audit Committee is “independent” of Petróleos Mexicanos within the meaning of Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). In accordance with the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, ourthe Audit Committee must includeconsists of three independent members. Asmembers of the dateBoard of thisDirectors of Petróleos Mexicanos, each of whom will serve as the chair of the committee on a rotating, annual report, our Audit Committee has not been constitutedbasis, as determined by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos due to the recent appointmentsMexicanos.

The Audit Committee consists of the newfollowing members:

Mr. Rafael Espino de la Peña, independent members. Accordingly,member of the entire Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos is presently acting as our audit committee within the meaning of Section 3(a)(58)(B)and Chairperson of the Exchange Act.Audit Committee;

Mr. Juan José Paullada Figueroa, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos; and

Mr. José Eduardo Beltrán Hernández, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos.

A representative of the Director General, the Head of the Internal Auditing Area, the Legal Director or any other person may attend the Audit Committee’s meetings as a guest with the right to participate, but not vote, when deemed advisable and appropriate given the subject matter to be discussed.

Human Resources and Compensation Committee

The Human Resources and Compensation Committee is chaired by an independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and includes the Secretary of Finance and Public Credit as a permanent member. The duties of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee include, among others, proposing the compensation of the Director General and other members of senior management of Petróleos Mexicanos within three levels of the Director General, as well as proposing hiring policies, performance management guidelines and the compensation of all other employees of Petróleos Mexicanos.

The Human Resources and Compensation Committee of Petróleos Mexicanos consists of the following members:

 

Mr. Carlos ElizondoMayer-Serra,Humberto Domingo Mayans Canabal, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and Chairperson of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee;

 

Mr. Octavio Francisco Pastrana Pastrana,Rafael Espino de la Peña, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos;

 

Mr. Carlos Manuel Urzúa Macías, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos;

Ms. Graciela Márquez Colín,Arturo Herrera Gutiérrez, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos; and

 

Ms. JosefaMaría Luisa Albores González, Blanco Ortiz Mena, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos.

Strategy and Investment Committee

The Strategy and Investment Committee is chaired by an independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos on a rotating annual basis and is required to, among other duties, analyze our business plan and assist the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos in the approval of guidelines, priorities and general policies related to investments made by Petróleos Mexicanos.

The Strategy and Investment Committee of Petróleos Mexicanos consists of the following members:

 

Mr. Octavio Francisco Pastrana Pastrana,Juan José Paullada Figueroa, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and Chairperson of the Strategy and Investment Committee;

 

Mr. Carlos ElizondoMayer-Serra,Rafael Espino de la Peña, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos;

 

Ms. Norma Rocío Nahle García, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos; and

 

Mr. Carlos Manuel Urzúa Macías, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos; and

Ms. Graciela Márquez Colín,Arturo Herrera Gutiérrez, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos.

Acquisitions, Leasing, Public Works and Services Committee

The Acquisitions, Leasing, Public Works and Services Committee, among other duties, reviews, evaluates, monitors and develops recommendations regarding the annual programs of Petróleos Mexicanos for acquisition, construction and services contracts, and determines whether an exception to the public bidding process is applicable in specific cases.

The Acquisitions, Leasing, Public Works and Services Committee of Petróleos Mexicanos consists of the following members:

Mr. Juan José Paullada Figueroa, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and Chairperson of the Acquisitions, Leasing, Public Works and Services Committee;

Mr. Humberto Domingo Mayans Canabal, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos;

 

Ms. Norma Rocío Nahle García, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos;

 

Mr. Carlos Manuel UrzúArturo Herrera Gutiérrez, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos; and

Ms. María Macías,Luisa Albores González, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos.

External Businesses Committee

The External Businesses Committee was created by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos on June 23, 2020 and, among other duties, assists the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos in issuing policies, guidelines, procedures and other provisions related to the operation, surveillance, performance evaluation and monitoring of the operating and business results of our affiliates.

The External Businesses Committee of Petróleos Mexicanos consists of the following members:

Mr. José Eduardo Beltrán Hernández, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and Chairperson of the External Businesses Committee;

Mr. Rafael Espino de la Peña, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos;

Mr. Juan José Paullada Figueroa, independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos;

Ms. Norma Rocío Nahle García, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos; and

 

Mr. Graciela Márquez Colín,Arturo Herrera Gutiérrez, member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos.

The two remaining seats are currently vacant.

Employees

Excluding employees employed by us on a temporary basis, at December 31, 2018,2020, Petróleos Mexicanos, its subsidiary entities and subsidiary companies had 132,021123,899 employees, as compared to 127,941125,735 at December 31, 2017.2019. During 2018,2020, Petróleos Mexicanos and the productivestate-owned subsidiaries employed an average of 6,1735,921 temporary employees.

The following table sets forth our employee numbers for the five years ended December 31, 2018:2020:

 

Year  Petróleos Mexicanos and
Subsidiary Entities
  

Subsidiary

Companies

  Total  Petróleos Mexicanos and
Subsidiary Entities
   Subsidiary
Companies
   Total 

2014

  153,085  804  153,889

2015

  138,397  786  139,183

2016

  126,940  3,393  130,333   126,940    3,393    130,333 

2017

  124,660  3,281  127,941   124,660    3,281    127,941 

2018

  124,818  3,203  128,021   124,818    3,203    128,021 

2019

   122,646    3,089    125,735 

2020

   120,936    2,963    123,899 

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary companies.

Source: Petróleos

Mexicanos and the subsidiary companies.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, the Petroleum Workers’ Union represented approximately 81.0%81.6% of the work force of Petróleos Mexicanos and the productivestate-owned subsidiaries. The members of the Petroleum Workers’ Union are PEMEX employees and they elect their own leadership from among their ranks. Our relationship with our employees is regulated by theLey Federal de Trabajo(which we refer to as the Federal Labor Law), a collective bargaining agreement between Petróleos Mexicanos and the Petroleum Workers’ Union and the Reglamento de Trabajo del Personal de Confianza de Petróleos Mexicanos y Organismos SubsidiariosEmpresas Subsidiarias (Employment Regulation for White Collar Employees of PEMEX and Subsidiary Entities). The collective bargaining agreement is subject to renegotiation every two years, although salaries are reviewed annually. Since the Petroleum Workers’ Union’sUnion was officially established in 1938, we have not experienced labor strikes; we have experienced work stoppages for short periods of time, but none of these stoppages had a material adverse effect on our operations.

On June 25, 2018,July 20, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos and the Petroleum Workers’ Union amended their collective bargaining agreement, whichagreement. The amendment became effective on August 1, 2018.2020. The amended agreement provides for a 3.42%3.37% increase in wages and a 1.80% increase in benefits, and will regulate their labor relations until July 31, 2019.2021.

As of November 11, 2015, pursuant to an agreement with the Petroleum Workers’ Union, the retirement age for employees with less than 15 years of service is 60 (compared to 55 for employees with more than 15 years of service). Employees must serve for at least 30 years in order to be eligible to receive full retirement benefits. New employees hired as of that date receive individual defined contributions retirement plans. Employees who began serving prior to that date are permitted and incentivized to opt into the defined contributions retirement plans from their existing defined benefits retirement plans.

On December 24, 2015, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit published in the Official Gazette of the Federation theDisposiciones de carácter general relativas a la asunción por parte del Gobierno Federal de obligaciones de pago de pensiones y jubilaciones a cargo de Petróleos Mexicanos y sus empresas productivas subsidiarias (General General provisions regarding the assumption by the Mexican Government of the payment obligations related to pensions and retirement plans of Petróleos Mexicanos and its productivestate-owned subsidiaries).subsidiaries. On August 3, 2016, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit informed us that the Mexican Government would assume Ps. 184.2 billion in payment liabilities related to our pensions and retirement plans, and accordingly replaced the Ps. 50.0 billion promissory note issued to us on December 24, 2015 with Ps. 184.2 billion in promissory notes. As

On November 19, 2020, we, along with the Ministry of December 31, 2018, theseFinance and Public Credit, agreed to exchange 16 promissory notes amountedin favor of Petróleos Mexicanos (notes 5 to Ps. 157.0 billion.

On January 25, 2019, the Mexican Government prepaid promissory notes receivable 25 and 26A with original maturity dates of 2041 and 2042, respectively, for20) in a total amount of Ps. 9.4128.7 billion. On February 24, 2019, thefor 18 series of Mexican Government prepaid promissory note receivable 24 with original maturity date of 2040,local bonds (the “Government Bonds”). The resources from the Government Bonds will be exclusively transferred to the Fondo Laboral Pemex (Pemex Labor Fund, or “FOLAPE”) for a total amount of Ps. 5.9 billion. On March 20, 2019, the Mexicanobligation payment related to its pension and retirement plan obligation. For further information about Government prepaid promissory note receivable 23 with an original maturity date of 2039, for a total amount of Ps. 6.2 billion. On April 17, 2019, the Mexican Government prepaid promissory note receivable 22 with an original maturity date of 2039, for a total amount of Ps. 6.5 billion. These prepayments were part of the Mexican Government’s Strengthening Program for Petróleos Mexicanos. See “Item 5—OperatingBonds, see Note 15-A and Financial Review and Prospects—Overview.”15-B to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

In accordance with the Federal Labor Law and collective bargaining agreement in effect as of December 31, 2018,2020. Petróleos Mexicanos and the productivestate-owned subsidiaries are under an obligation to pay seniority premiums to retiring employees and pensions to retired employees, as well as death benefits and pensions to certain survivors of retired employees. Retirees are entitled to receive increases in their pensions, of at least the increase in NCPI, whenever salary increases are granted to current employees. We also provide health and medical benefits to employees, retired employees and their beneficiaries and, subject to our overall budgetary constraints, we provide aninterest-rate subsidy on employees’ mortgage loans.

On November 5, 1997, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit and the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos authorized the formation of a trust called the Pemex Labor Fund. This fund is a vehicle to fund labor liabilities, current pension payments and seniority premiums. We have designed a contribution plan to increase the funds held in this trust and to continue to make payments on outstanding labor and pension liabilities. Our contributions to the plan assets for our retirement benefits totaled Ps. 51,95262,929 million in 20172020 and Ps. 55,65454,396 million in 2018.2019. As of December 31, 20172020 and 2018,2019, the balance of the Pemex Labor Fund was Ps. 8,4859.4 million and Ps. 7,200138.7 million, respectively.

Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

Item 7.

Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

Major Shareholders

Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities have no shareholders because they are public entities of the Mexican Government. The Mexican Government controls us and incorporates the consolidated annual budget and financing program of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities into its budget, which must be approved by the Chamber of Deputies each year. Any adjustment proposed by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos to change our annual financial balance goal or increase the limit on our wage and salary expenditures budget or our financing program must be approved by the Chamber of Deputies. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—General Regulatory Framework” for more information about the Mexican Government’s authority with respect to our budget. Our operations in the oil and gas sector are also regulated by the Mexican Government and its ministries.

Mexican Government officials hold five of the ten seats on the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, and the Secretary of Energy is the Chairperson of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos with the power to cast atie-breaking vote. An additional five seats on the Board of Directors are held by independent members appointed by the President of Mexico and ratified by the Senate. The Director General of Petróleos Mexicanos is a member of the President of Mexico’s cabinet. See also “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to our Relationship with the Mexican Government.”

Related Party Transactions

Directors and employees of Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities are subject to regulations addressing conflicts of interest, including thePetróleos Mexicanos Law,Ley Federal de Responsabilidades Administrativas de los Servidores Públicos (Federal Law of Administrative Responsibilities of Public Officials) and thePolíticas y Lineamientos Anticorrupción para Petróleos Mexicanos, sus Empresas Productivas Subsidiarias y, en su caso, Empresas Filiales (AnticorruptionAnti-corruption Policies and Guidelines for Petróleos Mexicanos, its Subsidiary Productive Companiesproductive subsidiary entities and, where applicable, Subsidiary Companies).affiliated companies. Under these provisions, directors and employees of Petróleos Mexicanos are obligated to “recuse themselves from intervening in any way in the attention to, processing or resolution of matters in which they might have personal, family or business interest, including those where some benefit can result for themselves, their spouse, blood or affinity relatives up to the fourth degree, or civil relatives, or for third parties with which they have professional, labor or business relations, or for partners or partnerships where the public officials or the persons referred above are or have been members thereof.”

The Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, including the independent members who are not public officials, are subject to the duties of loyalty and diligence. In accordance with the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, an independent member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos may be removed from his or her position for, among other causes: (1) utilizing for personal benefit or for the benefit of any third party the information made available to him or her in connection with the exercise of his or her duties as a board member; (2) disclosing such information in violation of applicable law; or (3) not recusing him or herself from discussion of and voting on matters in respect of which he or she has a conflict of interest. A member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos or of the board of directors of an existing subsidiary entity who acts in contravention of the Petróleos Mexicanos Law may be held liable for any damages that he or she caused to Petróleos Mexicanos or an existing subsidiary entity.

As an employee benefit, we offer salary advances to all of our eligible Petroleum Workers’ Union andnon-union workers, including our executive officers, pursuant to the programs set forth in the collective bargaining agreement and in the Employment Regulation of White Collar Employees of Petróleos Mexicanos and Subsidiary Entities, respectively. The salary advances, which arenon-interest bearing, are offered to each eligible employee in an amount up to a maximum of four months’ salary and are repaid through salary deductions in equal installments over a period of either one or two years, as elected by the employee. Most of our employees take advantage of this benefit. The largest amount of salary advances outstanding to executive officers at any one time during 20182020 was Ps. 3.50.9 million. As of March 31, 2019,April 30, 2021, the aggregate amount of salary advances outstanding to our executive officers was Ps. 0.30.7 million. For further information about compensation of Directors and Officers, see Note 25 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Additionally, Mr. Manuel Bartlett Díaz, Chief Executive Officerone of CFE, was appointed memberthe members of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, in December 2018.is also the Chief Executive Officer of CFE has executedand due to the several purchase agreements that CFE has entered with our subsidiary, Pemex Industrial Transformation. During 2018, CFE acquired the following products from Pemex Industrial Transformation:Transformation, we consider this a related party transaction. For further information about this related party transaction, see Note 25 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

 

Product

2018

Heavy fuel oil

Ps. (38,499,999)

Trade condition

135,667

Industrial diesel

(6,148,283)

Freights

(154,115)

Natural Gas

(3,760,115)

87 octane gasoline

(707)
Item 8.

Total

Ps. (48,427,552)

Item 8. Financial Information

Financial Information Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

See Item 18. “Financial Statements”.

Legal Proceedings

Labor-Related Proceedings

We are a party to various legal actions involving labor claims of former and present employees. These labor disputes relate to severance payments, life insurance benefits, extensions of labor contracts, level of wages, improper termination and employee housing. We do not expect these lawsuits to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or future results of operations.

For information on our negotiations with the Petroleum Workers’ Union and collective bargaining agreements, see “Item 6—Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Employees.”

AuditsGovernmental Investigations and Other Investigations by the Mexican GovernmentMonitoring Activities

TheAuditoría Superior de la Federación(Superior Audit Office of the Federation, or the ASF)“ASF”), pursuant to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, has the authority to annually reviews theCuenta Pública(Public Account) of Mexican Government entities, includingreview Petróleos Mexicanos and ourits subsidiary entities. This review focuses mainly onThe ASF reports directly to the entities’ compliance with budgetary benchmarks and budget and accounting laws.Mexican Congress. The ASF prepares reports of its observations based on thisits review. TheThese reports are subject to our analysis and, if necessary, our clarification and explanation of any issues raised during the audit. Discrepancies in amounts spent may subject our officials, as public servants, to legal sanctions. However, in most instances, any observed issues are clarified and disposed of.

The Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos, which is part of theSecretaría de la Función Pública (Ministry of Public Function, or the SFP)“SFP”), is responsible for receiving complaints and investigating violations of the General Law of Administrative Liabilities, as well as imposing administrative penalties in accordance with the law. The General Law of Administrative Liabilities Unit atapplies to all Mexican public officials, including public officers of Petróleos Mexicanos providedand its subsidiary entities and makes reference to the offenses and applicable sanctions that will be applied to individuals who are linked to serious administrative offenses, as determined under the law.

We have adopted a corporate compliance program that is designed to promote compliance with applicable laws, including an internal control system that aims to prevent risks, foster the exchange of information and communication and anticipate and address operational weaknesses. While we have established measures to identify, monitor, mitigate and remediate irregular or illicit actions, we are subject to the risk that our management, employees, contractors or any person doing business with us with the information below regarding the main investigations and administrative proceedings againstmay engage in fraudulent activity, corruption or bribery, circumvent or override our employees and former employees.

Oceanografía

On April 24, 2014, the SFP issued a resolution imposing penalties against several public sector employees in connection with operations executed with Oceanografía, S.A. de C.V. Four employees of Pemex Exploration and Production were barred from public sector employment for six months to one year. The employees filed motions requesting that the penalties be declared null and void. The following sets forth the status of the proceedings that were ongoing during 2018:

On April 4, 2015, a judgment was issued (file No.14/8891-01-02-08-OT) before theSala Regional de Chiapas-Tabasco(Regional Court of Chiapas-Tabasco) of the formerTribunal de Justicia Fiscal y Administrativa (Fiscal and Administrative Justice Court) declaring the resolution null and void and requesting that a new judgment be issued. On September 29, 2016, a new resolution was issued and the employee was barred from public sector employment for three months. The employee filed a new administrative claim (fileNo. 518/16-26-01-2) against this resolution before theSala Regional de Tabasco(Regional Court of Tabasco) of theTribunal de Justicia Administrativa (Administrative Justice Court). On June 12, 2017, a judgment was issued declaring the resolution null and void. The SFP filed a motion to review this resolution before theTribunal Colegiado en Materias Administrativa y del Trabajo del Décimo Circuito (Joint Administrative and Labor Court of the Tenth Circuit) (file No. R.F. 32/2017). As of the date of this annual report, a final resolution is still pending.

On May 9, 2015, a judgment was issued (fileNo. 10781/14-17-10-5) before theDécima Sala Regional Metropolitana (Tenth Regional Metropolitan Court) of the former Fiscal and Administrative Justice Court declaring the resolution valid. The employee filed anamparo against this resolution requesting a new judgment to be issued, which was granted on December 14, 2016. On June 27, 2017, a new resolution was issued declaring the resolution against the employee valid. The employee subsequently filed a newamparo before theOctavo Tribunal Colegiado en Matria Administrativa del Primer Circuito(Eighth Administrative Joint Court of the First Circuit) (file D.A. 638/2017), which was denied on October 25, 2018 and declared definitive on January 16, 2019. As of the date of this annual report, this proceeding has concluded.

Key Energy Services

On August 11, 2016, the SEC announced that Key Energy Services, Inc. agreed to pay U.S. $5 million to settle SEC charges that it violated the internal controls andbooks-and-records provisions procedures or misappropriate or manipulate our assets for their personal benefit or of third parties to our detriment. This risk is heightened by the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. These violations arose from payments allegedly made by its subsidiary, Key Mexico,fact that we have a large number of complex, valuable contracts with local and foreign third parties. We have implemented a risk management model and internal policies intended to oneidentify, monitor and mitigate those risks. However, our controls may not be effective in all cases. Further, we are subject to the risk that these compliance policies and procedures may not be effective in preventing intentional misconduct, reckless or negligent actions of our executives or employees, to induce him to provide advice, assistance and inside information that was used by Key Energy Services, Inc. and Key Mexico in negotiating contractsour contractors or any other individual doing business with us. The Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos conducted an investigation,See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to Our Operations—We are subject to Mexican and on November 6, 2018, sent a report of alleged liability to the Liabilities Unit at Pemex Explorationinternational anti-corruption, anti-bribery and Production. The report of alleged liability indicated misuse ofnon-public information, fraudulent payments and fraudulent cost adjustments by several Pemex Exploration and Production employees. On November 29, 2018, the report was declared inadmissible due to limitations on the powers of the Liabilities Unit. As of the date of this annual report, this matter has concluded.

Odebrecht

On December 21, 2016, the U.S. Department of Justice publicly disclosed that Odebrecht, a global construction conglomerate based in Brazil, pleaded guilty to charges of bribery and corruption in connection with, among other things, bribes paid for more than 100 projects in twelve countries. The report further disclosed that, between 2010 and 2014, Odebrecht had bribed officials of the Mexican government for an amount equal to U.S. $10.5 million, including the payment to ahigh-level official of a Mexicanstate-owned andstate-controlled company of a bribe of U.S. $6 million.

On December 22, 2016, the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos commenced an investigation into instances of bribery or corruption related to these allegations. On January 25, 2017, we filed a criminal complaint with the Federal Attorney General’s Office against any party for acts that may have been committed against PEMEX.

As a result of investigations being conducted by the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos, the SFP and the Federal Attorney General’s Office, agreements executed by Odebrecht and its affiliates with various public entities of the Mexican Government have been reviewed. As of the date of this annual report, the SFP has initiated a total of eight administrative sanctioning proceedings, four against Odebrecht and its affiliates, two against legal representatives of Odebrecht and two against employees of PEMEX. In addition, as of the date of this annual report, the SFP is preparing three additional administrative sanctioning proceedings against Odebrecht affiliates and an additional investigation is outstanding. The results of these investigations have resulted in the following actions:

On June 14, 2017, the Ministry of the Public Function, through the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos, initiated four administrative sanctioning proceedings against two affiliates of Odebrecht and its representatives for probable wrongful payments related to a public work contract in our Miguel Hidalgo refinery.

On June 16, 2017, we notified Odebrecht Ingeniería y Construcción Internacional de México, S.A. de C.V. (or ODM) of the termination of the engineering, procurement and construction contract between ODM and Pemex Industrial Transformation dated November 12, 2015. This contract was valued at Ps. 1.8 billion and covered works related to the construction of access ways and external works for the residual exploitation project for the Miguel Hidalgo refinery. We terminated this contract due to ODM’santi-money laundering laws. Our failure to comply with its obligations. ODM filed a commercial claim (file No.564/2018-V) against Pemex Industrial Transformation seeking Ps. 1,838.7 million for failure to make paymentsthese laws could result in penalties, which could harm our reputation and breachhave an adverse effect on our business, results of contract. On March 6, 2019, Pemex Industrial Transformation filed a response to this claim. On March 29, 2019, ODM filed a reply to this response. As of the date of this annual report, a final resolution is still pending.

On September 11, 2017operations and October 8, 2017, the SFP, through the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos, announced that it had identified additional irregularities in connection with payments of Ps. 119 million and Ps. 2.5 million, respectively, related to the execution of public work contracts in our Miguel Hidalgo refinery involving an affiliate of Odebrecht and an employee of Pemex Industrial Transformation. As a result of the administrative sanctioning proceedings initiated in September and October 2017, respectively, the SFP has issued a total of four sanctioning resolutions, two banning Constructora Norberto Odebrecht, S.A. from bidding for and entering into contracts with the Mexican Government and PEMEX for four years and two years, respectively, and two against the employee of Pemex Industrial Transformation, who was barred from public sector employment for a period of ten years and was fined Ps. 119 million and Ps. 2.5 million due to irregularities related to improper payments of indirect costs and duplicated services, respectively.

On April 17, 2018, the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos announced that it had banned each of ODM and Constructora Norberto Odebrecht, S.A for two years and six months from bidding for and entering into Mexican government contracts, including contracts with PEMEX, and fined each of them in an aggregate amount of Ps. 543.5 million for wrongful acts committed in connection with, and failure to comply with the requirements of, the contract executed with Pemex Industrial Transformation for the Miguel Hidalgo refinery. The SFP also announced it had banned each of the Director General, Mr. Luis Alberto de Meneses Weyll, and the Director of Management and Finance, Mr. Gleiber José de Faria, of ODM, for two years and three months and fined each of them in an aggregate amount of Ps. 1.26 million for wrongful acts committed in connection with, and failure to comply with the requirements of, the contract executed with Pemex Industrial Transformation for the Miguel Hidalgo refinery.

On August 16, 2018, the SFP announced it had initiated an administrative sanctioning proceeding against an Odebrecht affiliate for giving false information in connection with a SEMARNAT license related to the execution of works for our Miguel Hidalgo refinery. As of the date of this annual report, the SFP is in the process of preparing a resolution.

On October 29, 2018, the SFP announced it had initiated an administrative sanctioning proceeding against Constructora Norberto Odebrecht, S.A. for excess charges related to the execution of a contract for our Miguel Hidalgo refinery. As of the date of this annual report, the SFP is in the process of preparing a resolution.

On November 12, 2018, the Liabilities Unit at Pemex Industrial Transformation announced that the Decimocuarto Tribunal Colegiado en Materia Administrativa del Primer Circuito (Fourteenth Administrative Joint Court of the First Circuit) issued a resolution dated September 28, 2018 regarding a motion to review (R.A. 192/2018) filed by Constructora Norberto Odebrecht, S.A. in connection with a judgment issued on April 23, 2018 by the Juzgado Decimoquinto de Distrito en Materia Administrativa (Fifteenth Administrative District Court) in Mexico City in connection with the amparo 1252/2017. This judgment requested that one of the four sanctioning proceedings be replaced. The proceeding is in the evidentiary phase, and once the court has concluded its examination of the evidence, the SFP will issue a resolution.

On November 27, 2018, the SFP announced it had barred an employee of Pemex Industrial Transformation from public sector employment for a period of ten years and imposed a fine of Ps. 8.3 million, for failure to apply conventional penalties to an affiliate of Odebrecht related to works performed at our Miguel Hidalgo refinery.

On April 26, 2019, the Liabilites Unit at Pemex Industrial Transformation announced that it had concluded an administrative sanctioning proceeding (file No.PTRI-S-001/2018) banning ODM for three years from bidding for and entering into Mexican government contracts.

The administrative sanctions imposed by the SFP are independent of any criminal charges that may be brought as a result of the criminal investigation that is being carried out by the Attorney General’s Office, which, as of the date of this annual report, is still ongoing.financial condition.”

We are collaboratingcooperate with the SFP, the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos,investigations by Mexican, U.S. and the Federal Attorney General’s Office in orderother government authorities from time to hold those responsible for these acts accountable and ensure that we recover any damagestime, including investigations relating to which we are entitled.

Pemex Fertilizers

On September 9, 2018, the SFP announced that it had initiated, through the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos, an administrative sanctioning proceeding against a former employee of Pemex Fertilizers in connection with alleged irregularities in the 2016 acquisition ofOdebrecht, S.A., Grupo Fertinal, by one of our subsidiary companies, PMX Fertilizantes Pacífico, S.A. de C.V. As of the date of this annual report, a resolution of this sanctioning proceeding is still pending.

On September 9, 2018, the SFP also announced that it had initiated an administrative sanctioning proceeding against a former employee of Pemex Fertilizers for alleged damages against PEMEX of U.S. $273 million in connection with the 2014 acquisition of assets from, Agro Nitrogenados, S.A. de C.V., and Vitol, Inc. As a subsidiary of Altos Hornos de México.

On November 30, 2018, the SFP announced that it had concluded its investigation and had initiated a liability proceeding against a former employee for alleged damages of U.S. $193.9 million. The proceedings relate to the rehabilitation of the Agro Nitrogenados plant for alleged damages of Ps. 4,206 million (U.S. $212 million). As of the date of this annual report, this proceeding is in the evidentiary stage, pleadings to be filed by the employee are still pending and a final resolution has not been issued.

Pemex Logistics

On September 18, 2018, the SFP announced that it had initiated, through the Liabilities Unit at Pemex Logistics, an administrative sanctioning proceeding against three employees of Pemex Logistics for alleged irregularitiespolicy, we cooperate with government authorities in connection with such investigations. In addition, we periodically monitor our compliance with applicable laws and regulations to enhance our compliance program. Further, the SFP conducts administrative reviews and, in the past, it and other government entities have brought proceedings against our senior managers and employees for activities detrimental to our business. We are committed to collaborating with competent authorities to pursue and combat illicit activities and to protect our interests and reputation. We have a paymentzero tolerance policy regarding acts of Ps. 6.3 million in 2015 related to dredgingbribery and underwater cleaning services at the Madero Maritime Terminal. On December 11, 2018, the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos issued a resolution temporarily suspending these three employees from public sector employment and imposing a fine of Ps. 2.1 million. As of the date of this annual report, final resolutions of the administrative proceedings filed by the employees against this resolution are still pending.corruption.

Actions Against the Illicit Market in Fuels

The illicit market in fuels in Mexico primarily involves the theft, adulteration and illegal transport, storage, distribution and distributioncommercialization of the hydrocarbons that we and other companies produce. This criminal activity mainly consists of the following:

 

Illegal tapping of our pipelines which threatens the integrity of our pipeline system, thereby increasing the associated risks for personnel, facilities, the general population and the environment. Illegal tapping of our pipelines has caused volumetric deviations of products, explosions, loss of life, injuries and environmental damage.

Tampering with product quality,damages, some of which negatively impacts consumers and our reputation.have been material.

 

Theft and illegal trade in fuels, which reduces our revenues by the amount that would have been generated from the sale of the stolen products and reduces our net income because the production cost of stolen product is included in our cost of sales. The increase in surveillance as well as the actions taken against illegal trade in fuels, have allowed us to protect 15.6 million liters of hydrocarbons in 2020.

In

Tampering with the product quality, which negatively impacts consumers and our reputation.

While in recent years we have experienced an increase in theft of and illegal trade in the fuels that we produce.produce, during 2019 and 2020 we reduced these illicit activities. We estimate that the average theft of fuel amounted to approximately 55.94.8 thousand barrels per day in 2018.2020, a decrease of 25.0% as compared to 6.4 thousand barrels per day in 2019. For the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,non-operating2019, losses resulting from fuel theft amounted to Ps. 39,439.14,279.5 million and Ps. 22,945.44,644.8 million, respectively.

Given the sophistication and breadth of these illegal networks, in recent years we have implemented several initiatives that aim to develop a sustainable operating model to safeguard the areas in which we operate, which comprise approximately 2.0 million square kilometers of onshore fieldsour workers, facilities, assets and 3.2 million square kilometers of Mexican territorial waters.values. These initiatives have sought to:

integrate a strategic safeguard system, allowing us to respond in a timely manner to risks of illegal activity;

 

  

strengthenStrengthen our Salvaguardia Estratégica (Strategic Safeguard) strategy, which allows us to respond in a timely manner to risks of illegal activity. This strategy likewise relies on federal laws and regulations designed to prevent and punish crimes relating to fuel theft.

Strengthen coordination and collaboration between Petróleos Mexicanos and our subsidiary entities, as well as withgovernment authorities, inwhich include, among others, the three ordersFiscalía General de la República (Office of government, including the Federal Attorney General’s Office,General), Procuraduría Federal del Consumidor (Federal Consumer’s Office, TaxOffice), Servicio de Administración Tributaria (Tax Administration System,Service, or the “SAT”), federal, state and municipal police, theSecretaríSecretaría de la Defensa Nacional (Ministry of National Defense) and the Mexican Navy;Navy, the Secretaría de Seguridad Pública y Protección Ciudadana (Ministry of Public Security and Citizen Protection), the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit.

 

optimizeIncrease safety in and around pipelines, ground transportation and company facilities.

Indoor and outdoor measurements at our facilities.

Incorporate best practices for industrial safety, civil protection and environmental preservation in Strategic Safeguard works.

Optimize our human capital and modernize our technology;technology.

 

modernizeModernize our information systems to improve our strategic decisiondecisions making and our response time; andtime.

revise our security strategy to incorporate innovations from the fields of industrial safety, civil protection and environmental preservation.

Additionally, the new administration has set forth theThe Plan Conjunto para el Combate al Robo de CombustiblesAtención a Instalaciones Estratégicas de Pemex (Joint Plan for Combating Fuel Theft ), whichAttention to Strategic Facilities of Pemex), implemented in December 2019, is aimed at further preventing and eliminatingdecreasing the illicit market in fuels. The Joint Plan for Attention to Strategic Facilities of Pemex was instated to safeguard strategic facilities of Petróleos Mexicanos. As a result, during 2019 and 2020 we observed a significant decrease in the volumetric deviation of hydrocarbon products, from an average of 56.1 thousand barrels per day in 2018 to 6.4 thousand barrels per day in 2019, and a further decrease to 4.8 thousand barrels per day in 2020. These efforts also led to the identification and sealing of 11,022 illegal pipeline taps in 2020, as compared to 13,137 illegal pipeline taps in 2019, a decrease of 16.1%.

The principal measures of this plan are:

  

SupportStrengthen our Strategic Safeguard strategy through the implementation of fifteen government institutionsfour principal measures related to hydrocarbon theft, transport, storage and agencies, includingmarketing, together with an ancillary measure focused on prosecution and enforcement. We work with many different authorities on these measures, including: theSecretarí Secretaría de Gobernación(Bienestar (Welfare Ministry), the Ministry of National Defense, the Interior)Mexican Navy, the Guardia Nacional (National Guard), theSecretaría Centro Nacional de Seguridad Pública(Información (National Information Center), the Ministry of Public Security),theSecretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social(Ministry of LaborSecurity and Public Welfare), theMinistry of Finance and Public Credit,Citizen Protection, the Ministry of Energy, theConsejería Jurídica del Ejecutivo Federal(Legal CounselOffice of the Federal Executive)Attorney General, the Policía Estatal (State Police),theFiscalíAgencia de Seguridad, Energía Generaly Ambiente (Security, Energy and Environmental Agency), the CRE, the SAT, the Federal Consumer’s Office and relevant judicial authorities;

Increase the security of our pipelines, land transport and facilities by increasing the strength of our department focused on the Strategic Safeguard program, as well as by establishing collaboration agreements with the Fuerzas Armadas de la República(Federal Attorney General’s Office),México (Mexican Armed Forces), the National Guard and the Servicio de AdministracióProtección TributariaFederal(Tax Administration Service or SAT)and theProcuraduría Federal del Consumidor(Federal Consumer’s Office) (Federal Protective Service);

 

Removal of personnel involved in the illicit market for fuels;

 

Improved monitoring of our pipeline systems, supported by the Ministry of National Defense, the Mexican Navy and the federal police;

Special attention to 5856 facilities identified as requiring priority, including 3937 storage and dispatch terminals, one of which is located in a maritime terminal, 12 repumping stations, six refineries and one control center Mexico;center;

 

ClosureControl access points to vehicle entrances and exits of certain pipelinespriority facilities and increased use of trucks for the transportation of fuel; and

Identification and guard control of vehicle access to priority facilities,monitor control rooms and vertical tank areas.areas; and

These measures led

Strengthen fuel distribution capacity through alternative means of transport to the recovery of 25.3 million liters of hydrocarbon product in 2018, which represents an increase of approximately 11.9% as compared to the 22.6 million liters recovered in 2017.pipeline.

These efforts also led to the identification and sealing of 14,910 illegal pipeline taps in 2018, as compared to the identification and sealing of 10,316 illegal pipeline taps during 2017, which represents a 44.5% increase. This increase resulted from both increased surveillance and an increase in the number of criminal attempts to divert our products.

Our renewedcontinued focus on the detection of illegal pipeline taps in 20182020, together with the strict application of ground transportation protocols, enabled us to collect more information and develop more effective strategies to combat fuel theft, which in turn improved our ability to deploy ground patrol for the immediate identification and sealing of pipeline taps and preventavoid additional extraction of our hydrocarbon products.

On June 1, 2017, we announced the cancellation of the franchise contracts of seven gas stations located in the state of Puebla, which allegedly committed irregularities in their fuel trade procedures and had tax inconsistencies. The announcement was the result of an operation involving PEMEX, theSecretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (Ministry of Finance and Public Credit) through the Tax Administration Service and its Financial Intelligence Unit, as well as theFiscalía General de la República (Attorney General’s Office), theSecretaría de la Defensa Nacional (Ministry of National Defense) and theComisión Nacional de Seguridad (National Security Commission), through the federal and state police. Through measures like these, we seek to provide certainty to our customers, as well as to combat the illicit market in fuels, tax evasion, money laundering and commercial fraud.

On January 18, 2019, at least 93 people lost their lives when a ruptured gas pipeline exploded in the State of Hidalgo. The pipeline rupture was the result of attempted fuel theft. The Federal Attorney General’s Office is investigating the explosion.

Additionally, some of our personnel have been implicated for their involvement in organized fuel theft and trade. The Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos provided us with the following information regarding the main investigations and administrative proceedings againstIt is our employees and former employees relatedpolicy to this issue.

On February 14, 2018,inform the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos imposed penalties on eight employees fromwhen we are aware of information related to the storage and distribution terminal of Pemex Logisticsillicit market in the state of Chihuahua for operating technological devices to alter the measurement parameters to fill fuel tankers and for deviating from expected routes. Three of these employees were dismissed and barred from holding public sector positions for one year and five employees were suspended. Three of these eight employees filed claims challenging the applicable resolutions. One resolution was declared null and void. Final judgments on the claims challenging the other two resoltuions are pending as of the date of this annual report.

On March 14, 2018, thefuels that involves our personnel. The Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos dismissed threehas the authority to investigate, undertake administrative proceedings, impose penalties against employees from Sector Pipelines Bajío of Pemex Logisticsor former employees in connection with this issue and barred them from holding public sector positions for ten years for the tapping of diesel in the Tula-Salamanca pipeline in Celaya, Guanajuato. The three employees filed claims against the resolutions under which they were dismissed. Two resolutions have been ratified. A final judgment on the claim against the third resolution is still pending as of the date of this annual report.file criminal complaints through legal representation.

On March 27, 2018, the Liabilities Unit at Petróleos Mexicanos suspended an employee from Sector Pipelines Minatitlán of Pemex Logistics. This employee allegedly belongs to an organized network that repeatedly manipulated and altered the valves of theMinatitlán-México pipeline in Acayucan, Veracruz. The suspension of the employee has since been lifted. An investigation by theSubprocuraduría Especializada en Investigación de Delincuencia Organizada(Special Prosecutor’s Office in Organized Crime Investigation) is pending as of the date of this annual report.

Civil Actions

In the ordinary course of our business, we are a party to a number of lawsuits of various types. We evaluate the merit of each claim and assess the likely outcome, accruing a contingent liability when an unfavorable decision is probable and the amount is reasonably estimable. AtAs of December 31, 20172019 and 2018,2020, we had accrued a reserve of Ps. 7.88.1 billion and Ps. 6.58.3 billion, respectively, for our contingent liabilities in connection with these lawsuits. Our material legal proceedings are described in Note 29 and Note 3027 to our audited financial statements included in this report, and those descriptions are incorporated by reference under this Item.

Dividends

Pursuant to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, as of January 1, 2016, Petróleos Mexicanos and its subsidiary entities are subject to a dividend policy that requires them to pay a state dividend to the Mexican Government on an annual basis. In accordance with the Federal Revenue Law of 2016,for the Federal Revenue Law of 2017, the Federal Revenue Law of 2018 and the Federal Revenue Law of 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos wasapplicable year, we were not required to pay a state dividend in 2016 2017through 2020, and 2018 andwe will not be required to pay a state dividend in 2019.2021. For more information, see “Item 4—Taxes, Duties and Other Payments to the Mexican Government—Fiscal Regime for PEMEX—Other Payments to the Mexican Government.”

Item 9. The Offer and Listing

Item 9.

The Offer and Listing

Trading in the debt securities issued by Petróleos Mexicanos takes place primarily in theover-the-counter (OTC) market. All the debt securities issued by Petróleos Mexicanos that are registered pursuant to the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 (which we refer to as the Securities Act) are also listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and traded on the Euro MTF market of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange.

Item 10. Additional Information

Item 10.

Additional Information

Memorandum and Articles of Association

The Mexican Congress established Petróleos Mexicanos by a decree dated June 7, 1938, effective July 20, 1938. None of Petróleos Mexicanos or the subsidiary entities has bylaws or articles of association. Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities, are public entities of the Mexican Government and each is a legal entity empowered to own property and carry on business in its own name.

The activities of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities are regulated by the Mexican Constitution, the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, Regulations to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, the Hydrocarbons Law and other federal laws and regulations. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—History and Development.” Under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos has the following committees: the Audit Committee, the Human Resources and Compensation Committee, the Strategy and Investment Committee and the Acquisitions, Leasing, Public Works and Services Committee. As of the date of this annual report, the entire Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos is presently acting as our audit committee. See “Item 6—Directors, Senior Management and Employees.”

Under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law and the Regulations to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, our directors are obligated to abstain from voting on a proposal, arrangement or contract in which they have a personal, family or business interest. Our directors do not have the power to vote compensation to themselves or any other member of the board. Except in the case of the independent board members, our directors do not receive compensation for their services as members of the boards of directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities. Under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, our directors must perform their duties without obtaining or attempting to obtain any benefits greater than those granted by law. Therefore, our directors do not have borrowing powers exercisable by themselves. There is no requirement for early retirement for our directors.

Material Contracts

As of December 31, 20172020 and 2018,2019, we have entered into contracts with various contractors for approximate amounts of Ps. 698,905374,157 million and Ps. 483,687621,732 million, respectively. These contracts are for the development of investment projects. See Note 2826 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

On January 27, 2009, Petróleos Mexicanoswe entered into an indenture with Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Trustee. This agreement provides for theour issuance by Petróleos Mexicanos from time to time of unsecured debt securities. On the same date, Petróleos Mexicanoswe entered into a distribution agreement with Calyon Securities (USA) Inc. (now known as Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc.), Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Limited, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. and Santander Investment Securities Inc. pursuant to which Petróleos Mexicanoswe established a U.S. $7.0 billionmedium-term note, Series C, program. Pursuant to the 1996 guaranty agreement referred to above, Petróleos Mexicanos’our obligations under all notes issued under this program are jointly and severally guaranteed byPemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals. In December 2010, Petróleos Mexicanoswe appointed Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC as an agent under the 2009 distribution agreement referred to above. In each of December 2010 and January 2010, Petróleos Mexicanoswe increased the size of this program to U.S. $12.0 billion and U.S. $22.0 billion, respectively. Petróleos MexicanosWe issued U.S. $3.5 billion of notes and bonds under this program in 2011. In 2012, Petróleos Mexicanoswe issued U.S. $5.3 billion of notes and bonds under this program. In 2013, Petróleos Mexicanoswe increased the size of this program to U.S. $32.0 billion and issued U.S. $6.9 billion of notes and bonds under it. In 2014, Petróleos Mexicanoswe increased the size of this program to U.S. $42.0 billion and issued U.S. $7.9 billion of notes and bonds under it. In 2017, Petróleos Mexicanoswe increased the size of this program to U.S. $92.0 billion and issued €4.3 billion, U.S. $5.0 billion and £450.0 million of notes and bonds under it. In 2018, Petróleos Mexicanoswe increased the size of this program to U.S. $102.0 billion and issued U.S. $6.0 billion, €3.15 billion and Swiss francs 365.0 million of notes and bonds under it. In 2019, we issued U.S. $14.8 billion of notes and bonds under this program. See “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Activities.” In 2020, we issued U.S. $6.5 billion of notes and bonds under this program.

Exchange Controls

Mexico has had a free market for foreign exchange since 1991, and the Mexican Government has allowed the peso to float freely against the U.S. dollar since December 1994. We have no control over or influence on this exchange rate policy. The Mexican Government has announced that it does not intend to change its floating exchange rate policy, but there is no guarantee that the Mexican Government will not change this policy.

Taxation

The 1997 Securities, the 1999 Securities, the 2003 Securities, the 2004 Securities, the 2006 Securities, the 2008 Securities, the 2009 Securities, the 2010 Securities, the 2011 Securities, the 2012 Securities, the 2013 Securities, the 2014 Securities, the 2016 Securities, the 2018 Securities and the 20182020 Securities.

As of the date of this annual report, we have registered the following securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-7796), which was declared effective by the SEC on October 17, 1997, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $400,000,000 of 9.50% Global Guaranteed Bonds due 2027, which we refer to as the 1997 Securities. In December 2004 and February 2006, an aggregate amount of U.S. $376,250,000 of the 1997 Securities were exchanged for bonds issued by the Pemex Project Funding Master Trust (which we refer to as the Master Trust).

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-10706), which was declared effective by the SEC on October 1, 1999, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $500,000,000 of 9.50% Puttable or Mandatorily Exchangeable Securities (POMESSM)(POMESSM) due 2027, which we refer to as the 1999 Securities. In December 2004 and February 2006, an aggregate amount of U.S. $421,522,000 of the 1999 Securities were exchanged for POMESSMPOMESSM issued by the Master Trust. All outstanding 1999 Securities of Petróleos Mexicanos were, on March 16, 2006, mandatorily exchanged for 9.50% Global Guaranteed Bonds due 2027 issued by Petróleos Mexicanos, thereby increasing the outstanding amount of the 1997 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-103197), which was declared effective by the SEC on February 24, 2003, the Master Trust, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $500,000,000 of 8.625% Bonds due 2022. Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-107905), which was declared effective by the SEC on August 21, 2003, the Master Trust, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $510,154,000 of 8.625% Bonds due 2022. We refer to the securities registered in 2003 under these registration statements as the 2003 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-118373), which was declared effective by the SEC on August 31, 2004, the Master Trust, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $47,085,000 of 8.625% Bonds due 2022. We refer to the securities registered in 2004 as the 2004 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-126941), which was declared effective by the SEC on January 13, 2006, the Master Trust, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $228,735,000 of 8.625% Bonds due 2023, U.S. $354,477,000 of 9.50% Bonds due 2027, U.S. $403,746,000 of POMESSMPOMESSM due 2027 and U.S. $500,000,000 of 6.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2035. Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-126948), which was declared effective by the SEC on January 13, 2006, the Master Trust, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $21,265,000 of 8.625% Bonds due 2023, U.S. $45,523,000 of 9.50% Bonds due 2027 and U.S. $96,254,000 of POMESSMPOMESSM due 2027. All outstanding POMES registered under these registration statements were, on March 15, 2006, mandatorily exchanged for 9.50% Bonds due 2027. Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-136674), which was declared effective by the SEC on November 3, 2006, the Master Trust, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $751,995,000 of 6.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2035. We refer to the securities registered in 2006 under these registration statements as the 2006 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-152486), which was declared effective by the SEC on December 18, 2008, the Master Trust, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $501,000,000 of 6.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2035 and up to U.S. $500,000,000 of 6.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2038. We refer to the securities registered in 2008 as the 2008 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-160799), which was declared effective by the SEC on August 25, 2009, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $2,000,000,000 of 8.00% Notes due 2019. We refer to the securities registered in 2009 as the 2009 Securities.

Effective as of September 30, 2009, Petróleos Mexicanos assumed, as primary obligor, all of the Master Trust’s obligations as issuer of the 2001 Securities, the 2003 Securities, the 2004 Securities, the 2006 Securities and the 2008 Securities. As a result, effective as of September 30, 2009, Petróleos Mexicanos is the issuer of all Registered Securities (as defined below).

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-168326), which was declared effective by the SEC on August 31, 2010, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $63,314,000 of 8.00% Notes due 2019, up to U.S. $1,000,000,000 of 6.000% Notes due 2020, up to U.S. $2,000,000,000 of 5.50% Notes due 2021 and up to U.S. $1,000,000,000 of 6.625% Bonds due 2035. We refer to the securities registered in 2010 as the 2010 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-175821), which was declared effective by the SEC on August 31, 2011, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $1,000,000,000 of 5.50% Notes due 2021 and up to U.S. $1,250,000,000 of 6.500% Bonds due 2041. We refer to the securities registered in 2011 as the 2011 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-182553), which was declared effective by the SEC on July 23, 2012, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $2,100,000,000 of 4.875% Notes due 2022 and up to U.S. $1,750,000,000 of 5.500% Bonds due 2044. We refer to the securities registered in 2012 as the 2012 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4/A (FileNo. 333-189852), which was declared effective by the SEC on July 25, 2013, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $2,100,000,000 of 3.500% Notes due 2023, up to U.S. $1,000,000,000 of 4.875% Notes due 2024, up to U.S. $500,000,000 of 6.500% Bonds due 2041 and up to U.S. $1,000,000,000 of 5.50% Bonds due 2044. We refer to the securities registered in 2013 as the 2013 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-198588), which was declared effective by the SEC on September 22, 2014, Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploration and Production,Pemex-Refining andPemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $500,000,000 of 4.875% Notes due 2024 and up to U.S. $3,000,000,000 of 6.375% Bonds due 2045. We refer to the securities registered in 2014 as the 2014 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-205763), which was declared effective by the SEC on February 22, 2016, Petróleos Mexicanos, Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $1,500,000,000 of 3.500% Notes due 2020, up to U.S. $1,000,000,000 of 4.250% Notes due 2025, $1,500,000,000 of 4.500% Notes due 2026, up to U.S. $1,500,000,000 of 5.50% Bonds due 2044 and up to U.S. $3,000,000,000 of 5.625% Bonds due 2046. Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-213351), which was declared effective by the SEC on November 11, 2016, Petróleos Mexicanos, Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $1,250,000,000 of 6.375% Notes due 2021, up to U.S. $2,069,302,000 of 4.625% Notes due 2023, up to U.S $3,000,000,000 of 6.875% Notes due 2026, and up to U.S.$3,500,000,000 $3,500,000,000 of 6.750% Notes due 2047. We refer to the securities registered in 2016 as the 2016 Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-220721), which was declared effective by the SEC on February 22, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos, Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $1,500,000,000 5.375% Notes due 2022, up to U.S. $1,000,000,000 Floating Rate Notes due 2022, up to U.S. $5,500,000,000 6.500% Notes due 2027 and up to U.S. $2,500,000,000 6.750% Bonds due 2047. Pursuant to a registration statement on FormF-4/A (FileNo. 333-227508), which was declared effective by the SEC on November 16, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos, Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Logistics registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $2,500,000,000 5.350% Notes due 2028, up to U.S. $2,000,000,000 6.500% Notes due 2029 and up to U.S. $3,328,663,000 6.350% Bonds due 2048. We refer to the securities registered in 2018 as the 2018 Securities and, together with the 1997 Securities, the 2003 Securities, the 2004 Securities, the 2006 Securities, the 2008 Securities, the 2009 Securities, the 2010 Securities, the 2011 Securities, the 2012 Securities, the 2013 Securities, the 2014 Securities and the 2016 Securities, as the Registered Securities.

Pursuant to a registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-239722), which was declared effective by the SEC on September 11, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos, Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Logistics registered pursuant to the Securities Act up to U.S. $2,360,430,000 6.490% Notes due 2027, U.S. $4,420,831,000 6.840% Notes due 2030, US $3,800,000,000 5.950% Notes due 2031, U.S. $8,066,405,000 7.690% Bonds due 2050 and U.S. $3,800,000,000 6.950% Bonds due 2060. We refer to the securities registered in 2020 as the 2020 Securities and together with the 1997 Securities, the 2003 Securities, the 2004 Securities, the 2006 Securities, the 2008 Securities, the 2009 Securities, the 2010 Securities, the 2011 Securities, the 2012 Securities, the 2013 Securities, the 2014 Securities, the 2016 Securities and the 2018 Securities, as the Registered Securities.

Taxation Generally

The following summary contains a description of the principal Mexican and U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the Registered Securities, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to invest in, or dispose of, the Registered Securities.

This summary is based on the federal tax laws of Mexico and the United States in force on the date of thisForm 20-F, including the provisions of the income tax treaty between the United States and Mexico together with related protocols (which are subject to change), and does not describe any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state or municipality in Mexico, the United States or any other jurisdiction, or the laws of any taxing jurisdiction other than the federal laws of Mexico and the United States.

Mexico has also entered into, or is negotiating, tax treaties with various countries that may have effects on holders of Registered Securities. This report does not discuss the consequences (if any) of such treaties.

Each holder or beneficial owner of Registered Securities should consult its tax advisor as to the Mexican, United States or other tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of those securities, including the effect of any foreign, state or municipal tax laws, and the consequences of the application of any tax treaty to which Mexico is a party.

Mexican Taxation

This summary of certain Mexican federal tax considerations refers only to holders of Registered Securities that are not residents of Mexico for Mexican tax purposes and that will not hold the Registered Securities or a beneficial interest therein through a permanent establishment for tax purposes (we refer to any suchnon-resident holder as a Foreign Holder).

For purposes of Mexican taxation, an individual is a resident of Mexico if he/she has established his/her domicile in Mexico. When an individual also has a place of residence in another country, that individual will be considered a resident of Mexico for tax purposes, if such individual has his/her center of vital interest in Mexico. An individual would be deemed to have his/her center of vital interest in Mexico if, among other things: (a) more than 50% of his/her total income for the year were derived from Mexican sources, or (b) his/her principal center of professional activities were located in Mexico.

A legal entity is a resident of Mexico if:

 

it maintains the principal administration of its business in Mexico; or

 

it has established its effective management in Mexico.

A Mexican national is presumed to be a resident of Mexico unless such person can demonstrate the contrary. If a legal entity or individual has a permanent establishment in Mexico, such permanent establishment shall be required to pay taxes in Mexico on income attributable to such permanent establishment in accordance with Mexican federal tax law.

Taxation of Interest. Under the Mexican Income Tax Law and rules issued by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit applicable to PEMEX, payments of interest (which are deemed to include any amounts paid in excess of the original issue price of the relevant securities), made by a Mexican issuer (including Petróleos Mexicanos) in respect of notes or bonds and other debt securities to a Foreign Holder will generally be subject to a Mexican withholding tax assessed at a rate of 4.9%, if the following requirements are met:

 

notice relating to the offering of such notes or bonds is given to the CNBV as required under the Securities Market Law and evidence of such notice is timely filed with the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit;

 

such notes or bonds are placed outside of Mexico through banks or brokerage houses in a country that is party to a treaty to avoid double taxation with Mexico; and

 

the issuer duly complies with the information requirements established in the general rules issued by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit for such purposes.

If the effective beneficiaries, directly or indirectly, individually or jointly with related parties, receive more than 5% of the interest paid on such notes or bonds and are holders, directly or indirectly, individually or jointly, with related parties of more than 10% of the voting stock of the issuer or entities 20% or more of whose stock is owned directly or indirectly, individually or jointly, by parties related to the issuer, the withholding tax rate applicable to payment of interest on such notes or bonds may be significantly higher.

Payments of interest made by Petróleos Mexicanos or the subsidiary entities, except for Pemex Fertilizers and Pemex Ethylene, in respect of the Registered Securities tonon-Mexican pension or retirement funds will be exempt from Mexican withholding taxes, provided that:

 

such fund is duly organized pursuant to the laws of its country of origin and is the effective beneficiary of the interest payment;

 

the income from such interest payment is exempt from income tax in its country of residence; and

 

such fund delivers certain information as per rules issued by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit.

Additional Amounts. Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities, except for Pemex Fertilizers and Pemex Ethylene, have agreed, subject to specified exceptions and limitations, to:

 

pay Additional Amounts (as defined in the indenture dated as of September 18, 1997, as supplemented, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank) to the holders of the 1997 Securities in respect of the Mexican withholding taxes mentioned above;

 

pay Additional Amounts (as defined in the indenture dated as of August 7, 1998, as supplemented, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank) to the holders of the 1998 Securities in respect of the Mexican withholding taxes mentioned above;

pay Additional Amounts (as defined in the indenture dated as of July 31, 2000, as supplemented, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank) to the holders of the 2003 Securities and the 2004 Securities in respect of the Mexican withholding taxes described above;

 

pay Additional Amounts (as defined in the indenture dated as of December 30, 2004, as supplemented, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank) to the holders of the 2006 Securities and the 2008 Securities in respect of the Mexican withholding taxes described above; and

 

pay Additional Amounts (as defined in the indenture dated as of January 27, 2009, as supplemented, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank) to the holders of the 2009 Securities, the 2010 Securities, the 2011 Securities, the 2012 Securities, the 2013 Securities, the 2014 Securities and the 2016 Securities in respect of the Mexican withholding taxes described above.

If Petróleos Mexicanos pays Additional Amounts in respect of such Mexican withholding taxes, any refunds received with respect to such Additional Amounts will be for the account of Petróleos Mexicanos.

Holders or beneficial owners of the Registered Securities may be required to provide certain information or documentation necessary to enable Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities to apply the appropriate Mexican withholding tax rate applicable to holders or beneficial owners of the Registered Securities. In the event that the specified information or documentation concerning such holder or beneficial owner, if requested, is not provided on a timely basis, the obligation of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities to pay Additional Amounts may be limited.

Taxation of Dispositions. Capital gains resulting from the sale or other disposition of the Registered Securities by a Foreign Holder will not be subject to Mexican income or withholding taxes.

Other Mexican Tax Considerations. Under the Mexican Income Tax Law, any discount received by anon-resident upon purchase of the notes or bonds from a Mexican resident or anon-resident with a permanent establishment in Mexico is deemed interest income, and therefore, subject to taxes in Mexico. Such interest income results from the difference between the face value (plus accrued interest not subject to withholding) and the purchase price of such notes or bonds.

Transfer and Other Taxes. There are no Mexican stamp, registration or similar taxes payable by a Foreign Holder in connection with the purchase, ownership or disposition of the Registered Securities. A Foreign Holder of the Registered Securities will not be liable for Mexican estate, succession, gift, inheritance or similar tax with respect to such securities.

United States Taxation

This summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations deals principally with persons that hold the Registered Securities as capital assets and whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar. As used in this section “Taxation,” the term “United States Holder” means a beneficial owner of a Registered Security that is an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, a U.S. domestic corporation or any other person that is subject to U.S. federal income taxation on a net income basis in respect of its investment in the Registered Securities.

This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to any particular investor, including tax considerations that arise from rules of general application or that are assumed to be known to investors. This summary generally does not address the tax treatment of holders that may be subject to special tax rules, such as banks, insurance companies,tax-exempt organizations, dealers in securities or currencies, certainshort-term holders of Registered Securities, traders in securities electing tomark-to-market, or persons that hedge their exposure in the Registered Securities or hold the Registered Securities as a position in a “straddle” for tax purposes or as part of a “synthetic security” or a “hedging” or “conversion” transaction or other integrated investment comprised of such Registered Securities and one or more other investments, nonresident aliens present in the United States for more than 182 days in a taxable year, U.S. expatriates, entities taxed as partnerships or the partners therein, persons that have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar, nor does it address the tax treatment of holders that did not acquire the Registered Securities at their issue price as part of the initial distribution. Investors who purchased the Registered Securities at a price other than the issue price should consult their tax advisor as to the possible applicability to them of the amortizable bond premium or market discount rules.

In addition, this summary does not discuss the application of state, local, or foreign tax laws, U.S. federal estate or gift tax laws, the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income, or the alternative minimum tax.tax or special timing rules prescribed under section 451(b) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). United States Holders should consult their own tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences of purchasing, owning, and disposing of a Registered Security in their particular circumstances.

United States Holders that use an accrual method of accounting for tax purposes (“accrual method holders”) generally are required to include certain amounts in income no later than the time such amounts are reflected on certain financial statements (the “book/tax conformity rule”). The application of the book/tax conformity rule thus may require the accrual of income earlier than would be the case under the general tax rules described below. It is not clear to what types of income the book/tax conformity rule applies, or in some cases, how the rule is to be applied if it is applicable. Accrual method holders should consult with their tax advisors regarding the potential applicability of the book/tax conformity rule to their particular situation.

Taxation of Interest and Additional Amounts. A United States Holder will treat the gross amount of interest and Additional Amounts (i.e., without reduction for Mexican withholding taxes) as ordinary interest income in respect of the Registered Securities. Mexican withholding taxes paid at the appropriate rate applicable to the United States Holder will be treated as foreign income taxes eligible, subject to generally applicable limitations and conditions, for credit against such United States Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, at the election of such United States Holder, or for deduction in computing such United States Holder’s taxable income, provided that the United States Holder does not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued for the relevant taxable year. Interest and Additional Amounts will constitute income from sources without the United States and generally will be treated separately along with other items of “passive” income for purposes of determining the credit for foreign income taxes allowed under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.Code.

The calculation and availability of foreign tax credits or deductions involves the application of rules that depend on a United States Holder’s particular circumstances. United States Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits and the treatment of Additional Amounts.

Taxation of Dispositions. Upon the sale, exchange or retirement of a Registered Security, a United States Holder will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized (less any amounts attributable to accrued and unpaid interest not previously includible in gross income, which will be taxable as ordinary income) and the holder’s tax basis in such security, which is generally equal to the cost of the Registered Security to the United States Holder. Gain or loss recognized by a United States Holder on the sale, redemption or other disposition of the Registered Securities generally will belong-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of disposition, the securities have been held for more than one year.Long-term capital gain realized by an individual United States Holder is generally taxed at lower rates thanshort-term capital gains or ordinary income.

Non-United States Holders. Subject to the discussion below under “Backup Withholding and Information Reporting,” holders The deduction of the Registered Securities that are not United States Holders (which we refer to asNon-United States Holders) generally will not becapital losses is subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on interest income in respect of the Registered Securities or on any gain realized on the disposition of the Registered Securities.limitations.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting. Information returns may be filed with the Internal Revenue Service with respect to payments made to certain United States Holders of the Registered Securities. In addition, certain United States Holders may be subject to a backup withholding tax in respect of such payments, unless they (1) provide their accurate taxpayer identification numbers to the principal paying agent and certify that they are not subject to backup withholding or (2) otherwise establish an exemption from the backup withholding tax. Backup withholding is not an additional tax.Non-United States Holders may be required to comply with applicable certification procedures to establish that they are not United States Holders in order to avoid the application of such information reporting requirements and backup withholding tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a United States Holder or Non-United States Holder will be allowed as a credit against the holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Specified Foreign Financial Assets. Certain United States Holders that own “specified foreign financial assets” with an aggregate value in excess of U.S. $50,000 on the last day of the taxable year or U.S. $75,000 at any time during the taxable year are generally required to file an information statement along with their tax returns, currently on Form 8938, with respect to such assets. “Specified foreign financial assets” include any financial accounts held at anon-U.S. financial institution, as well as securities issued by anon-U.S. issuer (which would include the Registered Securities) that are not held in accounts maintained by financial institutions. Higher reporting thresholds apply to certain individuals living abroad and to certain married individuals. Regulations extend this reporting requirement to certain entities that are treated as formed or availed of to hold direct or indirect interests in specified foreign financial assets based on certain objective criteria. United States Holders who fail to report the required information could be subject to substantial penalties. In addition, the statute of limitations for assessment of tax would be suspended, in whole or part. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Registered Securities, including the application of the rules to their particular circumstances.

Documents on Display

We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act. In accordance with these requirements, we file reports, including annual reports on Form20-F, and other information with the SEC. Any filings we make electronically with the SEC will be available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. We maintain an Internet site at the following location:http://www.pemex.com (this website address is for information only and is not intended to be an active link or to incorporate any website information into this annual report).

Item 11.

Item 11.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE

Policies for Risk Management and the Use of Derivative Financial Instruments

We face market risk caused by the volatility of hydrocarbon prices, exchange rates and interest rates, credit risk associated with investments and financial derivatives, as well as liquidity risk. In order to monitor and manage these risks, we have approved general provisions relating to financial risk management, which are comprised of policies and guidelines that promote an integrated framework for risk management, regulate the use of DFIs,Derivative Financial Instruments (“DFIs”), and guide the development of risk mitigation strategies.

This regulatory framework establishes that DFIs should be used only for the purpose of mitigating financial risk. The use of DFIs for any other purpose must be approved in accordance with our current internal regulation. We have a Financial Risk Working Group (FRWG)(“FRWG”) which is a specialized working group with decision-making authority on financial risk exposure, financial risk mitigation schemes, and DFIs trading of Petróleos Mexicanos, the subsidiary entities, and where applicable, the subsidiary companies.

Approved DFIs are mainly traded on the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market; however, exchange traded instruments may also be used. In the case of P.M.I. Trading DAC, DFIs are traded on CME Clearport.

The different types of DFIs that we trade are described below in the subsections corresponding to each risk type and as related to the applicable trading markets. See Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

One of our policies is to contribute to minimizing the impact that unfavorable changes in financial risk factors have on our financial results by promoting an adequate balance between incoming cash flows from operations and outgoing cash flows related to our liabilities.

As part of the regulatory framework for financial risk management, we have established the eligible counterparties with which we may trade DFIs and other financial instruments.

In addition, certain PMI Subsidiaries have implemented a regulatory framework for risk management with respect to its activities, which consists of policies, guidelines and procedures to manage the market risk associated with its commodity trading activities in accordance with industry best practices, such as: 1) the use of DFIs for financial risk mitigation purposes; 2) the segregation of duties; 3) valuation and monitoring mechanisms, such as the generation of a daily portfolio risk report, value at risk (VaR)(“VaR”) computation; and 4) VaR limits, both at a global and business unit level and the implementation of stop loss mechanisms. In addition, PMI Trading also has its own risk management subcommittee that supervises the trading of DFIs.

Approved DFIs are mainly traded on theover-the-counter (OTC) market; however, exchange traded instruments may also be used. In the case of PMI Trading, DFIs are traded onCME-ClearPort.

The different types of DFIs that we trade are described below in the subsections corresponding to each type of risk and the applicable trading markets. See Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

One of our policies is to contribute to minimizing the impact that unfavorable changes in financial risk factors have on our financial results by promoting an adequate balance between incoming cash flows from operations and outgoing cash flows related to our liabilities.

As part of the regulatory framework for financial risk management, we have established the counterparties with which we may trade DFIs and other financial instruments.

Given that the outstanding DFIs of Petróleos Mexicanos have been entered into for risk mitigation purposes, particularly with economic hedging purposes, there is no need to establish and monitor market risk limits.

For those portfolios with an open market risk exposure, our financial risk management regulatory framework establishes the implementation and monitoring of market risk metrics and limits such(such as VaR, and capital at risk (an aggregation of fair value ormark-to-market (MtM) and profit and loss (P&L), or CaR)among others).

We have also established credit guidelines for DFIs that Pemex Industrial Transformation offers to its domestic customers, which include the use of guarantees and credit lines. For exchange traded DFIs, we trade under the margin requirements of the corresponding exchange market, and therefore do not have internal policies for these DFIs.

DFIs held with financial counterparties do not require collateral exchange clauses. Notwithstanding, our regulatory framework promotes credit risk mitigation strategies such as collateral exchangeexchange.

We do not have an independent third party to verify the compliance with these internal standards; however, we have internal control procedures that certify our compliance with existing policies and guidelines.

Description about Valuation Techniques

Fair Value of DFIs

We periodically evaluate our exposure to international hydrocarbon prices, interest rates and foreign currencies and we use derivative instruments as a mitigation mechanism when potential sources of market risk are identified.

We monitor the fair value of our DFI portfolio on a periodic basis. The fair value represents the price at which one party would assume the rights and obligations of the other, and is calculated for DFIs through models commonly used in the international financial markets, based on inputs obtained from major market information systems and price providers. As such,Therefore, we do not have an independent third party to value our DFIs.

We calculate the fair value of our DFIs through the tools developed by our market information providers such as Bloomberg, and through valuation models implemented in software packages used to integrate all of our business areas and accounting, such as System Applications Products (SAP)(“SAP”). We do not have policies to designate a calculation or valuation agent.

Our DFI portfolio is composed primarily of swaps, for which fair value or Mark-to-Market (“MtM”) is estimated by projecting future cash flows and discounting them by the corresponding discount factor. Forfactor; for currency and interest rate options, this is done through the Black and Scholes model, and for crude oil options, through the Levy model for Asian options.

BecauseAccording to IFRS 13 “Fair Value Measurement”, the MtM value of DFIs must reflect the creditworthiness of the parties. Consequently, the fair value of a DFI takes into account the risk that either party may default on its obligation. Due to the above, we apply the credit value adjustment (“CVA”) method to calculate the fair value of our DFIs

Given that our hedges are cash flow hedges, their effectiveness is preserved regardless of the variations in the underlying assets or reference variables, thussince over time asset flows are fully offset by liabilities flows. Therefore, it is not necessary to measure or monitor the hedges’ effectiveness.

Fair value hierarchy

We value our DFIs using standard methodologies commonly applied in the financial markets. The fair-value assumptions and inputs utilized are classified in the three levels of the fair value hierarchy for market participant assumptions, as described below.

The fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices in financial markets for identical assets or liabilities. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in financial markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observed for assets or liabilities. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the assets or liabilities, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the assets or liabilities. Management uses appropriate valuation techniques based on the available inputs to measure the fair values of our applicable assets and liabilities.

When available, we measure fair value using Level 1 inputs, because they generally provide the most reliable evidence of fair value.

The fair-value assumptions and inputs utilized in the valuation of our DFIs’ fair value, fall under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Liquidity Sources

Liquidity Risk

Our main internal source of liquidity comes from our operations. Additionally, through our debt planning and the purchase and sale of U.S. dollars, we currently preserve a cash balance at a level of liquidity in domestic currency and U.S. dollars that is considered adequate to cover our investment and operating expenses, as well as other payment obligations, such as those related to DFIs.

In addition, as of December 31, 2018,2020, we have acquired committed revolving credit lines in order to mitigate liquidity risk, threetwo of which provide access to Ps. 3,500 million, Ps. 20,00028,000 million and Ps. 9,000 million with expiration dates in June 2019, November 20192022 and November 2023, respectively,respectively; and three othersanother that provideprovides access to U.S. $1,500 million, U.S. $3,250 million and U.S. $1,950$5,500 million with an expiration datesdate in December 2019, February 2020 and January 2021, respectively.June 2024.

Finally, the investment strategies of our portfolios are structured by selecting time horizons that consider each currency’s cash flow requirements in order to preserve liquidity.

Certain PMI Subsidiaries mitigate their liquidity risk through several mechanisms, the most important of which is the centralized treasury, or“in-house bank,” which provides access to atwo syndicated credit linelines for up to U.S. $ 700$700 million and U.S. $1,500 million (the latter was transferred from Petróleos Mexicanos to PMI during December 2020) and cash surplus capacity in the custody of the centralized structure. In addition, certain PMI Subsidiaries have access to bilateral credit lines from financial institutions for up to U.S. $500$250 million.

These companies monitor their cash flow on a daily basis and protect their creditworthiness in the financial markets. Liquidity risk is mitigated by monitoring the maximum/minimum permissiblecertain financial ratios as set forth in the policies approved by each company’s board of directors.

Changes in Exposure to Main Risks

Market Risk

 

 (i)

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to fluctuations in floating interest rate liabilities. We are exposed to U.S. dollar LIBOR and to Mexican peso TIIE. As of December 31, 2018, 15.3%2020, 14.3% of our total net debt outstanding including DFIs,(including DFIs) consisted of floating rate debt.

Moreover, we invest in pesos and U.S. dollars in compliance with applicable internal regulations, through portfolios that have different purposes that seek an adequate return subject to risk parameters that reduce the probability of capital losses. The objective of the investments made through these portfolios is to meet our obligations payable in pesos and U.S. dollars.

The investments made through our portfolios are exposed to domestic and international interest rate risk and credit spread risk derived from government and corporate securities, and inflation risk arising from the relationship between UDIs and pesos. However, these risks are mitigated by established limits on exposure to market risk.

Interest Rate Swaps

Occasionally, for strategic reasons or in order to offset the expected inflows and outflows, we have entered into interest rate swaps. Under our interest rateswaps and options. Through the swap agreements, we acquire the obligationare obligated to make payments based on a fixed interest rate and are entitledin exchange for receiving payments referenced to receivea floating interest rate payments based on LIBOR, TIIE or a rate referenced to or calculated from TIIE.rate. On the other hand, through the option agreements, we acquire protection against possible increases in the floating interest rates of some of our liabilities.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, we were a party to four interest rate swap agreements denominated in U.S. dollars for an aggregate notional amount of U.S. $1,401.3$ 956.25 million at a weighted average fixed interest rate of 2.4%2.35% and a weighted average term of 6.34.3 years.

Similarly, in order to eliminate the volatility associated with variable interest rates of long-termits financing operations, PMI NASAPMI-NASA has executed also four interest rate swap agreements denominated in U.S. dollars for an aggregate notional amount of U.S. $56.7$24.19 million, at a weighted average fixed interest rate of 4.2%4.17% and a weighted average term of 3.41.41 years.

IBOR reference rates transition

As a result of the decision made by the Financial Stability Board (FSB), the Interbank Offered Rates (IBORs), such as the LIBOR in dollars, are expected to cease to be published in 2022, and are expected to be replaced by alternative reference rates, based on risk-free rates obtained from market operations.

The cease of publication of these rates was originally scheduled for December 2021. Nevertheless, on November 2020, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited (“ICE”) announced an extension until June 2023 for the publication of the most common LIBOR rates in dollars.

Therefore, we have identified and are reviewing contracts expiring after the applicable cessation dates that could have an impact derived from the change in the aforementioned rates. We plan to continue working on any amendments to the contracts which may be required as a result of the transition.

We have a reduced number of financial instruments (debt instruments and DFIs) referenced to floating rates in U.S. dollars with maturity and interest rate fixation after June 2023.

To the date, we are monitoring the evolution of the IBORs transition in the market, to anticipate any negative impact that these changes could have.

Once the alternative reference rates are defined, as well as the new discount curves and any other valuation parameters, we will be able to estimate the impact that such changes will have on financial instruments’ market value and financial cost.

 

 (ii)

Exchange Rate Risk

Most of our revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars, a significant amount of which is derived from exports of crude oil and petroleum products, which are priced and payable in U.S. dollars. Additionally, our revenues from domestic sales of gasoline and diesel net of IEPS Tax, tax duties, incentives, and other related taxes, as well as domestic sales of natural gas and its byproducts, LPG and petrochemicals, are referenced to international U.S. dollar-denominated prices.

Our expenses related to hydrocarbon duties are calculated based on international U.S. dollar-denominated prices and the cost of hydrocarbon imports that we acquire for resale in Mexico or use in our facilities are indexed to international U.S. dollar-denominated prices. By contrast, our capital expenditure and operating expenses are established in pesos.

As a result of this cash flow structure, the depreciation of the peso against the U.S. dollar increases our financial balance. The appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar has the opposite effect. We manage this risk without the need for hedging instruments, because the impact on our revenues of fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the peso is offset in whole or in part by its impact on our obligations.

Cross-Currency Swaps

We prioritize debt issuances denominated in U.S. dollars; nonetheless, this is not always achievable. As such,Hence, non-U.S. dollar denominated debt issued in international currencies is hedged through DFIs to mitigate its exchange rate exposure, either by with swaps to convert the debtswapping it into U.S. dollars or through other derivative structures. The rest of the debt is denominated in pesos or in UDIs, and for which most of the debt denominated in UDIs, it has been converted into pesos through DFIs in order to eliminate the inflationary risk exposure.

As a consequence of the above, our debt issued in international currencies other than U.S. dollars has exchange rate risk mitigation strategies. We have selected strategies that further seek to reduce our cost of funding by leaving, in some cases, part of this exchange rate exposure unhedged when assessed as appropriate.

The underlying currencies of our DFIs are the euro, Swiss franc, Japanese yen and poundpounds sterling against the U.S. dollar and UDIs against the peso.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, we entereddid not enter into variousany DFIs, as no debt in currencies other than U.S. dollars or pesos was issued.

Nonetheless, during 2020 we carried out the restructure of three cross-currency swaps, to hedge inflation risk arising fromone of which had a recouponing provision. These DFI hedged the exchange rate exposure of a €1,250 million debt obligations denominatedwith maturity in UDIs for an aggregate notional amount of Ps. 6,844.9 million and, during 2017, we entered into the same kind of instruments to hedge inflation risk arising from debt denominated in UDIs, for an aggregate notional amount of Ps. 6,292.0 million.

In 2018, in order to hedge the notional risk of four debt issues in euros for an aggregate notional amount of € 3,150 million and an issue of debt in Swiss Francs for Fr. 365 million,2027. For this restructure, we entered into, without cost, structures which are composed of a cross-currency swap and the sale of a call option, guaranteeing complete protection up to a certain exchange rate and partial protection above that level. This allowed us to eliminate the recouponing provision without cost. Once this restructure had been carried out, 10% of this issue remained hedged with a cross-currency swap.

Moreover,Additionally, during 2019 we carried out the restructure of a cross-currency swap which had a recouponing provision. This DFI hedged the exchange rate exposure of a €725 million debt maturing in 20172025. For this restructure we entered into, without cost, three options structures called“Seagull Option” “Seagull Options” to hedge the same notional risk of three debt issues in euros for an aggregate notional amount of € 4,250 million.as the original swap. These structures protect the short exposure in euros against an appreciation of the euro versus the U.S. dollar in a specific range and recognizeresult in a benefit if the euro depreciates up to a certain exchange rate, for each debt issue. Inrate. Additionally, in order to mitigate the exchange rate risk caused byderived from the coupons, of these issues we entered into only coupon swaps.swaps for the same notional amount. These allowed to eliminate the recouponing provision without cost.

Additionally, in 2017,For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we entered into, without cost, a structure which is composed of a cross-currency swap and the sale of a call option, in order to hedge the notional risk of a debt issue in pounds for £ 450 million, guaranteeing complete protection up to a certain exchange rate and partial protection above that level.

We recorded a total net foreign exchange gain (loss) of Ps. (128,949.3) million, Ps. 86,930.4 million and Ps. 23,659.5 million, respectively. These gains (loss) include unrealized foreign exchange gains (loss) associated with debt of Ps. (122,099.1) million for the year ended December 31, 2018, a total net foreign exchange gain of2020, Ps. 23,184.175,967.4 million for the year ended December 31, 20172019, and a total net foreign exchange loss of Ps. 254,012.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. These gains and losses include unrealized foreign exchange gains associated with debt of Ps. 19,762.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and Ps. 16,685.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and unrealized foreign exchange loss associated with debt of Ps. 243,182.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.2018. The appreciationdepreciation of the peso during 2018 and 2017 caused a total net foreign exchange gainloss in 20182020 because a significant portion of our debt, 89.8%88.64% (principal only) as of December 31, 2018,2020, is denominated in foreign currency. Unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses do not impact our cash flows. Due to the cash flow structure described above, the depreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar does not affect our ability to meet U.S. dollar-denominated financial obligations and it improves our ability to meet peso-denominated financial obligations. On the other hand, the appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar may increase our peso-denominated debt service costs on a U.S. dollar basis. Our foreign exchange gain in 2018 was due to the appreciation of the peso, from Ps. 19.7867 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2017 to Ps. 19.6829 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2018. Our foreign exchange gain in 2017 was due to the appreciation of the peso, from Ps. 20.6640 per U.S. $1.00 on

December 31, 2016 to Ps. 19.7867 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2017. Our foreign exchange loss in 2016 was due to the depreciation of the peso, from Ps. 17.2065 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2015 to Ps. 20.6640 per U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2016.

Certain of the PMI Subsidiaries face market risks generated by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. In order to mitigate these risks, the boards of directors of several of these companies have authorized a policy which stipulates that no more than 5% of a company’s total financial assets maymust be denominated in a currency other than itstheir functional currency, unless the company owes a duty or expected payment in a currency other than its functional one. Accordingly, some PMI Subsidiaries will, from time to time, enter into DFIs in order to mitigate the risk associated with financing operations denominated in currencies other than a company’s functional currency.

Finally, a significant amount of PMI Trading’sP.M.I. Trading DAC’s income and expenses, including the cost of sales and related sales costs, is derived from the trade of refined products, petrochemicals and gas liquids to our subsidiaries and third parties, whose prices are determined and are payable in U.S. dollars. PMI Trading’sP.M.I. Trading DAC’s exposure to foreign currency risk results primarily from the need to fund tax payments denominated in domestic currency, as well as from certain related sales costs denominated in domestic currency.

PMIP.M.I. Trading DAC believes it can adequately manage the risk created by the payment of taxes in domestic currency without the need to enter into hedging instruments because the exposure to this risk is marginal relative to the total flows of U.S. dollar. In addition, in the event that a potential foreign exchange risk arises in connection with a commercial transaction, PMIP.M.I. Trading DAC may implement risk mitigation measures by entering into DFIs.DFIs.

 

 (iii)

Hydrocarbon Price Risk

We periodically assess our revenues and expenditures structure in order to identify the main market risk factors that our cash flows are exposed to in connection with international hydrocarbon prices. Based on this assessment, we monitor our exposure to the most significant risk factors and quantify their impact on our financial balance.

Our exports and domestic sales are directly or indirectly related to international hydrocarbon prices. Therefore, we are exposed to fluctuations in these prices. In terms of crude oil and natural gas, part of this risk is transferred to the Mexican Government under our current fiscal regime.

Our exposure to hydrocarbon prices is partly mitigated by natural hedges between our inflows and outflows.

Additionally, we continuously evaluate the implementation of risk mitigation strategies, including those involving the use of DFIs, taking into consideration their operative and budgetary feasibility.

Commodity Derivatives

In 2017, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos approved the establishment of an annual oil hedging program.the Programa Anual de Coberturas Petroleras (Annual Oil Hedging Program). Since then, we have implemented hedging strategies to partially protect our cash flows from falls in the Mexican crude oil basket price below the one established in the Federal Revenue Law.

In April 2017,During 2018, we entered into a crude oil hedge for fiscal year 2017, pursuant to which we hedged 409 thousand barrels per day from May to December of that fiscal year, for U.S. $133.5 million. Subsequently, during the second half of 2017, we entered into a crude oil hedge for fiscal year 2018, pursuant to which we hedged 440 thousand barrels per day from January to December of that fiscal year, for U.S. $449.9 million.

During 2018, the crude oil hedge for fiscal year 2019, was implemented, pursuant to which we hedged 320 thousand barrels per day for the period between December 2018 and December 2019, for U.S. $149.6 million.

Afterwards, during 2019 we entered into a crude oil hedge for fiscal year 2020, pursuant to which we hedged 243 thousand barrels per day for the period between December 2019 and December 2020, for U.S. $178.3 million.

Finally, during 2020 we entered into a crude oil hedge for fiscal year 2021, pursuant to which we hedged 332.5 thousand barrels per day for the period between December 2020 and June 2021, for U.S. $ 119.92 million.

In addition to supplying natural gas, Pemex Industrial Transformation offerscan offer DFIs to its domestic customers in order to provide them with support to mitigate the risk associated with the volatility of natural gas prices. Until 2016, Pemex Industrial Transformation entered into DFIs with Mex Gas Supply, S.L. under the opposite position to those DFIs

Since 2017, when this service is offered, to its customers in order to mitigate the market risk it bears under such offered DFIs. Mex Gas Supply, S.L. then transferred the related price risk derived from the DFI position held with Pemex Industrial Transformation to international financial counterparties by entering into these opposite position DFIs with such parties. As of 2017, Pemex Industrial Transformation must enter into DFIs with Petróleos Mexicanos under the opposite position to those DFIs offered to its customers thereby replacing Mex Gas Supply, S.L. However, asin order to mitigate the market risk it would bear under such offered DFIs. Petróleos Mexicanos then transfers the related price risk derived from the DFI position held with Pemex Industrial Transformation to financial counterparties by entering into these opposite position DFIs with such parties. As of December 31, 2018,2020, there were no DFIs had been carried out under this mechanism.

since all the DFIs of its portfolios expired in 2019. In case of entering into new trades, Pemex Industrial Transformation maintains a negligible or even null exposure to market risk. TheseDFI portfolios have VaR and CaR limits in order to limit market risk exposure.

PMIP.M.I. Trading DAC faces market risk generated by the terms of the purchase and sale of refined products and natural gas liquids, as well as the volatility of oil prices. Accordingly, it frequently enters into DFIs in order to mitigate this risk, thereby reducing the volatility of its financial results.

In accordance with the risk management regulatory framework that PMIP.M.I. Trading DAC has implemented, VaR and the change in profit and loss by portfolio are calculated daily and compared to the maximum applicable limits in order to implement risk mitigation mechanisms as necessary.

Counterparty or Credit Risk

When the fair value of a DFI is favorable to us, we face the risk that the counterparty will not be able to meet its obligations. We monitor our counterparties’ creditworthiness and calculate the credit risk exposure for our DFIs. As a risk mitigation strategy, we only enter into DFIs with major financial institutions with a minimum credit rating ofBBB-. These ratings are issued and revised periodically by risk rating agencies. Furthermore, we seek to maintain a diversified portfolio of counterparties.

In order to estimate our credit risk exposure to each financial counterparty, the potential future exposure is calculated by projecting the risk factors used in the valuation of each DFI in order to estimate the MtM value for different periods, taking into account any credit risk mitigation provisions.

Moreover, we have entered into various long-term cross-currency swaps agreements with “recouponing” provisions (pursuant to which the payments on the swaps are adjusted when the MtM exceeds the relevant threshold specified in the swap), thereby limiting our exposure with our counterparties to a specific threshold amount.amount, as well as the counterparties’ exposure to us. The specified thresholds were reached in sevenfive cross-currency swaps from the first to the fourth quarter of 2018,during 2020, which were used to hedge the exchange rate exposure to the euro and to the pound,pounds sterling, and in three cross-currency swaps during 2017,2019, which were used to hedge the exchange rate exposure to the euro.euro and to the pounds sterling. This resulted in the cash settlement of such swaps and the resetting of swap terms to return theirmark-to-market MtM value to zero. During 2018,2020, we did not enter into any cross-currency swap with these characteristics.

In addition, we have entered into long-term DFIs with mandatory early termination clauses (pursuant to which, at a given date and irrespective of the then current MtM, the DFI will terminate and settle at the corresponding MtM, and we can either enter into a new DFI with the same counterparty or a new counterparty), which reduces the credit risk generated by the term of the DFI by bounding it to a specific date. As of December 31, 2018,2020, we have entered into two Japanese yen Seagull Option structures, with early termination clauses in 2021.July 2021, and we intend to renew these trades in order to maintain the hedge.

According to IFRS 13 “Fair Value Measurement,” the fair value or MtM value of DFIs must reflect the creditworthiness of the parties. Consequently, the fair value of a DFI takes into account the risk that either party may default on its obligation. Due to the above, we apply the credit value adjustment (“CVA”)CVA method to calculate the fair value of our DFIs.

For each DFI, the CVA is calculated by determining the difference between the MtM and the estimated MtM adjusted for credit risk. In determining the credit risk, the CVA method takes into account the current market perception about the credit risk of both counterparties, using the following inputs: a)(a) the MtM projection for each payment date based on forward yield curves; b)(b) the implied default probability obtained from both our and the counterparty’s credit default swaps, at each payment date; and c)(c) the default recovery rates of each counterparty.

Furthermore, by means of its credit guidelines for DFI operations, Pemex Industrial Transformation has significantly reduced its credit risk exposure related to the DFIs offered to its customers to assist them in mitigating the risk associated with the volatility of the natural gas price.DFIs.

In order to qualify for these DFIs, Pemex Industrial Transformation’s customers must be party to a current natural gas supply contract and sign a domestic master derivative agreement.

Additionally, beginning on October 2, 2009,according to the credit guidelines, DFIs with these customers must be initially secured by cash deposits, letters of credit or other collateral provisions, as required. The credit guidelines indicate that Pemex Industrial Transformation may offer DFIs with an exemption from collateral requirements up to certain amount, through a credit line approved by the credit committee, based on an internal financial and credit assessment. Moreover, if the credit line is insufficient to cover each client’s exposure, the client is obligated to deposit collateral.

In accordance with these guidelines, in the event that a client does not meet its payment obligations, DFIs related to

this client arewould be terminated, rights to any available collateral arewould be exercised and, if the collateral iswere insufficient to cover the fair value, or in the absence of collateral, natural gas supply iswould be suspended until the payment is made.

On August 20, 2014, certain amendments to the credit guidelines were enacted, which allowedPemex-Gas and Petrochemicals, and nowAs of December 31, 2020, Pemex Industrial Transformation to offer tohad no DFIs since all the DFIs of its clients with an adequateportfolios expired in 2019. As such, once the total settlement of the operations was carried out, the exempt credit rating, based on an internal financiallines expired and credit assessment, DFIs with an exemption from collateral requirements up to certain amount through a credit line approvedthe guarantees deposited by the credit committee. Moreover, if the credit line is insufficient to cover each client’s exposure, the client is obligated to deposit collateral. If a client suffers an event of default, DFIs related to this client are terminated early and natural gas supply is suspended until the payment is made.clients were entirely returned.

PMI Trading’sP.M.I. Trading DAC’s credit risk associated with DFI transactions is mitigated through the use of futures and standardized instruments that are cleared throughCME-ClearPort. CME Clearport.

Accounting Standards Applied and the Impact on Results

We enter into derivatives transactions with the sole purpose of hedging financial risks related to our operations, firm commitments, planned transactions and assets and liabilities recorded on our statement of financial position. Nonetheless, some of these transactions do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment because they do not meet the requirements of the accounting standards for being designated as hedges. They are therefore recorded in the financial statements asnon-hedge instruments or as instruments entered into for trading purposes, despite the fact that their cash flows are offset by the cash flows of the positions (assets or liabilities) to which they are related. As a result, the changes in their fair value are recognized in the “Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net” line item in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the net fair value of our DFIs (including both DFIs that have not reached maturity and those that have reached maturity but have not been settled), recognized in our consolidated statement of financial position, was Ps. 6,487.016,630.0 million and Ps. 12,367.5(5,153.8) million, respectively. As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, we did not have any DFIs designated as hedges. See Note 1918 to our consolidated financial statements included herein.

For the yearyears ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we recognized a net lossgain (loss) of Ps. 22,258.617,096.1 million, for the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized a net gain of Ps. 25,338.3(23,263.9) million and for the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized a net loss of Ps. 14,001.0(19,116.0) million, respectively, in the “Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net” line item with respect to DFIs treated as instruments entered into for trading purposes.

According to established accounting policies, we have analyzed the different contracts that we have entered into and have determined that according to the terms thereof none of these agreements meet the criteria to be classified as embedded derivatives. Accordingly, as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, we did not recognize any embedded derivatives (foreign currency or index).

As of December 31, 2018, we recognized a loss of Ps. 3,412.7 million in the “Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net” line item which resulted from changes in the fair value of accounts receivable from the sale of hydrocarbons whose performance obligations have been met and whose determination of the final price is indexed to future prices of the hydrocarbons.

QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURE

Fair Value

The following tables show our cash flow maturities as well as the fair value of our debt and DFI portfolios as of December 31, 2018.2020. It should be noted that:

 

For debt obligations, these tables present principal cash flow and the weighted average interest rates for fixed rate debt.

 

For interest rate swaps, interest rate options, cross-currency swaps currency options and currency forwards,options, these tables present notional amounts and weighted average interest rates by expected (contractual) maturity dates.

 

Weighted average variable rates are based on implied forward rates obtained from the interbank market yield curve at the reporting date.

For natural gas DFIs, volumes are presented in millions of British thermal units (MMBtu), and fixed average and strike prices are presented in U.S. dollars per MMBtu.

 

For crude oil, volumes are presented in millions of barrels, and fixed average and strike prices are presented in U.S. dollars per barrel.

 

A DFI’s fair value includes CVA and is calculated based on market quotes obtained from market sources such as Bloomberg. Forward curvesBloomberg and implied volatilities for natural gas and crude oil are supplied by Bloomberg.Proveedor Integral de Precios, S.A. de C.V. (“PIP”).

 

For PMIP.M.I. Trading DAC, the prices used in commercial transactions and DFIs are published by reputable sources that are widely used in international markets, such asCME-NYMEX, Platts and Argus, among others.

 

Fair value is calculated internally, either by discounting cash flows with the correspondingzero-coupon yield curve in the original currency, or through other standard methodologies commonly used in financial markets for specific instruments.

 

For all instruments, the tables are based on the contract terms in order to determine the future cash flows that are categorized by expected maturity dates.

This

information is presented in thousands of pesos, except as noted.

   Quantitative Disclosure of Debt Cash Flow’s Maturities as of December 31, 2018(1) 
   Year of expected maturity date 
   2019   2020   2021   2022   2023   2024
thereafter
   Total carrying
value
   Fair
value
 

Liabilities

                

Outstanding debt

                

Fixed rate (U.S. dollars)

   Ps. 53,962,520    Ps. 40,098,959    Ps. 94,686,304    Ps. 83,674,076    Ps. 91,790,092    Ps. 827,719,134    Ps. 1,191,931,085    Ps. 1,084,252,622 

Average interest rate (%)

               5.8927%   

Fixed rate (Japanese yen)

   -    -    -    -    5,379,000    14,317,126    19,696,126    16,603,524 

Average interest rate (%)

               1.3484%   

Fixed rate (pounds)

   -    -    -    8,763,410    -    11,205,575    19,968,985    20,257,139 

Average interest rate (%)

               5.7248%   

Fixed rate (pesos)

   -    10,017,084    20,257,747    1,999,192    -    88,324,131    120,598,154    101,639,764 

Average interest rate (%)

               7.4872%   

Fixed rate (UDIs)

   19,386,459    4,999,710    4,066,182    -    -    31,275,418    59,727,769    51,079,974 

Average interest rate (%)

               2.7362%   

Fixed rate (euros)

   21,466,509    29,215,492    39,343,306    35,884,701    31,437,421    173,348,554    330,695,983    325,772,611 

Average interest rate (%)

               3.7123%   

Fixed rate (Swiss Francs)

   5,991,035    11,966,770    3,001,116    -    7,264,850    -    28,223,771    27,916,889 

Average interest rate (%)

 

               

 

1.8697%

 

 

 

  
  

 

 

 

Total fixed rate debt

   100,806,523    96,298,015    161,354,655    130,321,379    135,871,363    1,146,189,938    1,770,841,873    1,627,522,522 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Variable rate (U.S. dollars)

   23,231,281    63,823,350    14,517,807    32,878,778    11,136,784    17,616,801    163,204,801    169,873,202 

Variable rate (Japanese yen)

   -    11,475,200    -    -    -    -    11,475,200    11,264,120 

Variable rate (euros)

   -    -    -    -    14,601,014    -    14,601,014    16,093,157 

Variable rate (pesos)

   34,322,574    18,352,215    8,456,465    8,407,405    6,968,237    12,220,826    88,727,722    88,624,217 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total variable rate debt

   57,553,855    93,650,765    22,974,272    41,286,183    32,706,035    29,837,627    278,008,737    285,854,697 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total debt

   Ps. 158,360,378    Ps. 189,948,780    Ps. 184,328,927    Ps. 171,607,562    Ps. 168,577,398    Ps. 1,176,027,565    Ps. 2,048,850,610    Ps. 1,913,377,218 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Quantitative Disclosure of Debt Cash Flow Maturities as of December 31, 2020(1) (2)

 

  Year of expected maturity date    
  2021  2022  2023  2024  2025  2026
Thereafter
  Total
Carrying Value
  Fair Value 

Liabilities

        

Outstanding debt

        

Fixed rate (U.S. dollars)

  Ps. 47,898,708   Ps. 32,956,060   Ps. 48,471,704  Ps. 25,996,376   Ps. 49,333,976   Ps. 1,116,179,110   Ps. 1,320,835,934   Ps. 1,347,156,276 

Average interest rate (%)

        6.37 

Fixed rate (Japanese yen)

  —     —     5,799,000   —     —     15,444,790   21,243,790   18,797,463 

Average interest rate (%)

        1.35 

Fixed rate (pounds sterling)

  —     9,537,663   —     —     12,204,125   —     21,741,788   23,010,709 

Average interest rate (%)

        5.72 

Fixed rate (pesos)

  115,284,491   1,999,401   —     57,433,886   —     31,029,696   205,747,474   199,047,983 

Average interest rate (%)

        7.91 

Fixed rate (UDIs)

  4,314,460   —     —     —     —     33,031,555   37,346,014   30,673,537 

Average interest rate (%)

        4.03 

Fixed rate (euros)

  42,716,224   38,987,905   34,137,539   30,418,586   40,230,700   117,736,691   304,227,645   315,417,306 

Average interest rate (%)

        3.77 

Fixed rate (Swiss francs)

  3,385,165   —     8,228,615   —     —     —     11,613,780   11,650,958 

Average interest rate (%)

        1.93 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total fixed rate debt

  213,599,047   83,481,030   96,636,858   113,848,848   101,768,801   1,313,421,841   1,922,756,425   1,945,754,232 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Variable rate (U.S. dollars)

  122,317,252   25,979,932   11,649,479   56,443,974   5,602,565   9,506,180   231,499,382   228,630,238 

Variable rate (Japanese yen)

        —     —   

Variable rate (euros)

  —     —     15,842,049   —     —     —     15,842,049   15,375,645 

Variable rate (pesos)

  12,524,115   8,471,904   7,026,631   10,768,263   6,856,660   325,035   45,972,609   42,934,001 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total variable rate debt

  134,841,368   34,451,836   34,518,160   67,212,237   12,459,225   9,831,215   293,314,040   286,939,885 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total debt

  Ps. 348,440,415   Ps. 117,932,866   Ps. 131,155,018   Ps. 181,061,085   Ps. 114,228,026   Ps. 1,323,253,056   Ps. 2,216,070,465   Ps. 2,232,694,117 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The information in this table has been calculated using exchange rates at December 31, 20182020 of: Ps. 19.682919.9487 = U.S. $1.00; Ps. 0.179300.1933 = 1.00 Japanese yen; Ps. 25.087827.2579 = 1.00 pound;pounds sterling; Ps. 6.2266316.605597 = 1.00 UDI; Ps. 22.505424.4052 = 1.00 euro; and Ps. 19.976222.5720 = 1.00 Swiss Franc.

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos
(2)

Amounts in thousands of pesos.

Quantitative Disclosure of Cash Flow’sFlow Maturities from Derivative Financial Instruments Held or Issued for

Purposes Other than Trading as of December 31, 20182020(1)(2) (3)

 

   Year of expected maturity date         
   2019   2020   2021   2022   2023   2024
Thereafter
   Total
Notional
Amount
   Fair
Value(3)
 
Hedging instruments(2)(4)                
Interest rate DFIs                

Interest rate swaps

(U.S. dollars)

                
Variable to fixed   Ps. 4,692,574    Ps. 4,706,039    Ps. 4,661,811    Ps. 4,546,095    Ps. 4,406,561    Ps. 5,683,437    Ps. 28,696,517    Ps. 644,746 
Average pay rate   3.18%    3.20%    3.22%    3.25%    3.37%    3.74%    N.A.    N.A. 
Average receive rate   4.22%    4.07%    3.94%    4.08%    4.40%    5.25%    N.A.    N.A. 
Cross-currency swaps                
Receive euros/Pay U.S. dollars   20,782,857    28,568,548    36,709,101    35,121,361    45,930,033    175,091,781    342,203,681    5,495,541 

Receive Japanese yen/

Pay U.S. dollars

   -    12,971,158    -    -    4,750,499    -    17,721,657    (1,112,629) 

Receive pounds/

Pay U.S. dollars

   -    -    -    9,819,995    -    11,645,585    21,465,580    (297,318) 
Receive UDI/ Pay pesos   23,740,341    7,292,520    3,000,000    -    -    27,450,032    61,482,893    (4,392,093 
Receive Swiss francs/
Pay U.S. dollars
   6,466,978    11,488,074    2,978,666    -    7,184,259    -    28,117,977    486,310 
Currency Options                
Buy Put, Sell Put and sell Call on Japanese yen   -    -    -    -    -    14,355,685    14,355,685    222,491 
Buy call, Sell call and Sell put on euros   -    -    39,497,823    13,542,111    14,670,620    99,308,812    167,019,366    165,458 
Sell Call on pound   -    -    -    -    -    11,296,695    11,296,695    (232,636) 
Sell Call on Swiss Francs   -    -    -    -    7,315,424    -    7,315,424    (183,093) 
   Year of expected maturity date 
   2021  2022  2023  2024  2025  2026
Thereafter
  Total Carrying
Value
   Fair Value (5) 

Hedging Instruments (2)(4)

          

Interest Rate DFI

          

Interest Rate Swaps (U.S. dollars)

          

Variable to fixed

   4,724,765   4,607,486   4,466,068   3,316,471   2,443,716   —     19,558,505    (712,107

Average pay rate

   3.22  3.25  3.37  3.68  4.13  0.00  n.a.    n.a. 

Average receive rate

   0.90  0.91  1.12  1.67  2.38  0.00  n.a.    n.a. 

Interest Rate Options

          

Buy Cap, Sell Floor on floating in U.S. dollar LIBOR 1M

   —     —     —     49,871,750   —     —     49,871,750    (1,331,188

Currency DFI

          

Cross-currency Swaps

          

Receive euros/Pay U.S. dollars

   37,204,824   35,595,644   46,550,277   26,565,185   39,334,093   107,601,624   292,851,648    9,939,110 

Receive Japanese yen / Pay U.S. dollars

   —     —     4,814,650   —     —     —     4,814,650    505,772 

Receive pounds sterling / Pay U.S. dollars

   —     9,781,187   —     —     11,802,848   —     21,584,035    839,037 

Receive UDI/ Pay pesos

   3,000,000   —     —     —     3,063,181   27,450,032   33,513,214    6,834,051 

Receive Swiss francs/

Pay U.S. dollars

   3,018,890   —     7,281,276   —     —     —     10,300,166    913,809 

Currency Options

          

Buy Put, Sell Put and Sell Call on Japanese yen

   —     —     —     —     —     15,456,770   15,456,770    14,918 

Buy Call, Sell Call and Sell Put on euros

   42,647,378   —     —     30,462,413   17,668,200   30,462,413   121,240,404    3,167,805 

Sell Call on pounds sterling

   —     —     —     —     12,271,443   —     12,271,443    (85,994

Sell Call on Swiss francs

   —     —     8,225,571   —     —     —     8,225,571    (70,196

Sell Call on Euros

   —     14,621,958   15,840,455   —     15,840,455   57,878,585   104,181,452    (2,118,100

 

N.A.

= not applicable.

NumbersmayN.A. = not applicable.

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The information in this table has been calculated using exchange rates at December 31, 20182020 of: Ps. 19.682919.9487 = U.S. $1.00 and Ps. 22.505424.4052 = 1.00 euro.

(2)

We use these DFIs to hedge market risk; however, these DFIs do not qualify for accounting purposes as hedges and are recorded in the financial statements as entered into for trading purposes.

(3)

Positive numbers represent a favorable fair value to us.Amounts in thousands of pesos.

(4)

PMI’sThe PMI Subsidiaries’ risk management policies and procedures establish that DFIs should be used only for hedging purposes; however, DFIs are not recorded as hedges for accounting purposes.

Source: Petróleos Mexicanos
(5)

Positive numbers represent a favorable fair value to us.

Quantitative Disclosure of Cash Flow’sFlow Maturities from Derivative Financial Instruments (Natural Gas)(Petroleum Products) Held or

Issued for Purposes other than Trading as of December 31, 20182020(1)(2)

 

   2019   2020   2021   2022   2023   2024
Thereafter
   Total
Volume
   Fair
Value(2)
 
   (in MMBtu, except that average fixed and strike prices
are in U.S. $ per MMBtu)
   (in thousands
of nominal pesos)
 

Derivatives entered into with Customers of Pemex Industrial Transformation

 

Short

                

European Call Option

   (13,750)    -    -    -    -    -    (13,750)    3.74 

Average strike price

   3.65    -    -    -    -    -    3.65   

Variable to Fixed Swap(3)

   (62,364)    -    -    -    -    -    (62,364)    135.72 

Average fixed price

   2.99    -    -    -    -    -    2.99   

Long

                

European Call Option

   13,750    -    -    -    -    -    13,750    (3.74) 

Average strike price

   3.65    -    -    -    -    -    3.65   

Variable to Fixed Swap(4)

   62,364    -    -    -    -    -    62,364    (107.57) 

Average fixed price

   2.96    -    -    -    -    -    2.96   

Derivatives entered into with Third Parties to Offset Transactions entered into with Customers

 

Short

                

European Call Option

   (13,750)    -    -    -    -    -    13,750    3.74 

Average strike price

   3.65    -    -    -    -    -    3.65   

Variable to Fixed Swap(3)

   (62,364)    -    -    -    -    -    62,364    107.57 

Average fixed price

   2.96    -    -    -    -    -    2.96   

Long

                

European Call Option

   13,750    -    -    -    -    -    (13,750)    (3.74) 

Average strike price

   3.65    -    -    -    -    -    3.65   

Variable to Fixed Swap(4)

   62,364    -    -    -    -    -    (62,364)    (94.14) 

Average fixed price

   2.95    -    -    -    -    -    2.95   
   2021  2022   2023   2024   2025   2026
Thereafter
   Total
Volume
  Fair Value (2) 
   (in thousands of barrels)  (in thousands of
nominal pesos)
 

Hedging Instruments

              

Exchange-traded futures(3) (5)

   0.64   —      —      —      —      —      0.64   (32,340

Exchange-traded swaps(4) (5)

   (1.48  —      —      —      —      —      (1.48  (95,572

 

Notes:

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The information in this table has been calculated using the exchange rate at December 31, 20182020 of: Ps. 19.6829 = U.S. $1.00.

(2)

Positive numbers represent a favorable fair value to us.

(3)

Under short variable to fixed swaps entered into with customers of Pemex Industrial Transformation, we will pay a variable price and receive the fixed price specified in the contract.

(4)

Under long variable to fixed swaps entered into with customers of Pemex Industrial Transformation, we will pay the fixed price specified in the contract and receive a variable price.

Source:

Pemex Industrial Transformation

Quantitative Disclosure of Cash Flows’ Maturities from Derivative Financial Instruments (Petroleum Products)

Held or Issued for Purposes other than Trading as of December 31, 2018(1)

   2019   2020   2021   2022   2023   2023
Thereafter
   Total
Volume
   Fair
Value(2)
 
                           (in thousands of barrels)   

(in
thousands

of nominal

pesos)

 

Hedging Instruments

                

Exchange-traded futures(3) (5)

   2.60    -    -    -    -    -    2.60    441,954 

Exchange-traded swaps(4) (5)

   4.92    -    -    -    -    -    4.92    760,603 

Note:

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The information in this table has been calculated using the exchange rate at December 31, 2018 of: Ps. 19.682919.9487 = U.S. $1.00

(2)

Positive numbers represent a favorable fair value to PMI Trading.P.M.I. Trading DAC.

(3)

Net position.

(4)

Swaps registered in CME ClearPortClearport are included in these figures.

(5)

The balance of these financial instruments is recognized as cash and cash equivalents. PMIP.M.I. Trading DAC considered these financial assets to be fully liquid.

Source: PMI Trading

Sensitivity Analysis

We have entered into DFIs with the purpose to completely mitigate the market risk for specific flows or predetermined volumes associated with our operations. Our DFIs have the same characteristics (e.g. underlying assets, payment dates, amounts, or volumes) as the hedged position, but with the opposite exposure to the market risk factors. As a result of these mitigation strategies, we have a negligible sensitivity to the hedged market risk factors. See Note 1918 from our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Given that our hedges are cash flow hedges, their effectiveness is maintained regardless of variations in the underlying assets or reference variables since, through time, asset flows are fully offset by liabilities flows. Therefore, it is not necessary to measure or monitor the hedge effectiveness.

Natural gas DFIs that Pemex Industrial Transformation offershas offered to its domestic customers arehave been reported as transactions with trading purposes. However, such operations arewere fully compensated by the operations entered into with their financial counterparts through Petróleos Mexicanos, which replaced Mex Gas Supply, S.L. as of 2017. Through this mechanism(back-to-back), Pemex Industrial Transformation maintainscounterparties, maintaining a negligible or even null exposure to market risk exposure, so we do( due to this back-to-back mechanism). As of December 31, 2020, Pemex Industrial Transformation did not considerhave any DFIs to report since all the DFIs of its portfolios expired in 2019. As such, it is not necessary to conduct either a sensitivity analysis or to measure or monitor the hedge effectiveness.

Other DFIs seek to hedge the changes in the price of the commercialized products, such that the DFIs’ underlying assets have correlations with the prices of the products involved in commercialization. PMIP.M.I. Trading DAC estimates the VaR of these DFIs. Notably, DFIs of PMIP.M.I. Trading DAC (all of them related to petroleum derivatives), are classified under cash and cash equivalents for accounting purposes due to their liquidity.

Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

Item 12.

Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

Item 13.

Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

None.

Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

Item 14.

Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 15. Controls and Procedures

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including ourDirector General(Chief (Chief Executive Officer or CEO) and ourDirector Corporativo de Finanzas (Chief Financial Officer or CFO), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2018.2020. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, effective disclosure controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

Based upon our evaluation, and because ofdue to the material weaknessesweakness in internal control over financial reporting as described below, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 20182020 were not effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including to our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

 

 (1)1.

pertainPertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;

 

 (2)2.

provideProvide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS and with Item 18 of Form20-F, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the relevant entity; and

 

 (3)3.

provideProvide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness for future periods are subject to the risk that the related controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

We conducted an assessmentOur management, with participation of the CEO and CFO, under the oversight of our Board of Directors, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal controlscontrol over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used2020 using the criteria set forframework in the “Internal Control—Internal Control - Integrated Framework” publishedFramework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, supplemented for information technologies with the guidelines suggested by IT Control Objectives for Sarbanes-Oxley (3rd Edition), published by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association, in effect as of December 31, 2015. Management reliedCommission.

Based on Auditing Standard No. 2201 of the PCAOB in order to create an appropriate framework to evaluate the effectiveness of the design and operation of our internal control over financial reporting.

Managementthat evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2018. Based on our assessment and criteria, management concluded that two2020 due to the material weaknesses existedweakness in connection with our internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2018.described below.

Our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2018,2020, there was a material weakness existed in our internal control over financial reporting related to the estimation of impairment of long-lived assets. Specifically, the review controls over the application of key inputs used in measuring impairment were not designed with a sufficient degree of precision, and there were no adequate controls earlier in the process, to effectively identify errors in the impairment assessment and determine that the value-in-use calculations for the cash-generating units comply with IAS-36. This was due to the ineffectiveness of the designinsufficient knowledge and implementation of controls providing reasonable assurances regarding prevention of unauthorized disposition of assets by having certain employees involved in the illicit market in fuels, which could have a material effect on our financial statements. During 2018, we have experienced a significant increase in non-operating losses resulting from the illicit market in fuels due in part to the ineffectivenessexperience of our internal controls. Although formal governmental procedures existpersonnel responsible for reporting illegal activity to the authorities,impairment assessment and the fact that we did not haveperform an effective risk assessment to identify and evaluate relevant risks of material misstatement associated with long-lived asset impairments in place internal proceduresaccordance with IAS-36. Our monitoring controls were also not effective at identifying these deficiencies on a timely basis.

The control deficiencies resulted in immaterial misstatements to detectimpairment and investigate such matters. ForWells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net. Furthermore, the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized losses in the amount of Ps. 39.4 billion resulting from the illicit market in fuels.

In responsecontrol deficiencies described above created a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement to the material weakness described above,consolidated financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Therefore, we are in the process of executing a remediation plan that includes, among other things, designing and implementing formal internal procedures to detect and investigate incidents related to the illicit market in fuels in our facilities in order to mitigate the risk that our financial reporting could be affected. We have created a special tip line for the reporting of complaints and put in place further mechanisms dedicated to monitoring and investigating these incidents, and we have allocated additional capital and human resources to these remediation plans. In addition, the Mexican Government has announced additional measures aimed at further preventing and eliminating the illicit market in fuels. See “Item 8—Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Actions Against the Illicit Market in Fuels.”

Our management also concluded that as of December 31, 2018,the deficiencies represent a material weakness existed in our internal control over financial reporting associated with a change in the accounting principle related to the discount rateand our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of long-lived assets, which is used in the calculation of impairment. As a consequence of the lack of consistency in the reporting of, and the failure to timely determine, the amounts of the variables used to calculate the impairment of assets of Ps. 26.0 billion and to review and authorize such calculations, and, in turn, deferred taxes, we were unable to ascertain with reasonable assurance the amount of impairment of assets and deferred taxes at the time that we filed our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 with the Mexican Stock Exchange. In connection with the preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements, we were able to determine the definitive amounts of the variables used in the calculation of the impairment of assets and, in turn, deferred taxes. As a result, we recognized additional deferred taxes in the amount of Ps. 20.4 billion in our audited consolidated financial statements included herein, which were not reflected in our unaudited consolidated financial statements filed with the Mexican Stock Exchange.2020.

In response to the material weakness described above, we are in the process of executing a remediation plan that includes the following actions:

 

 (1)1.

Strengthening ofReinforce training on IAS-36 to the personnel involved in the process for consolidating, reviewing and finalizingof calculating the financial statementsimpairment of Petróleos Mexicanos and its subsidiary entities.long-lived assets;

 

 (2)2.

Strengthening of our controls over changes in accounting policiesEnhance risk assessment and prioritize remediation activities that may affect ourmost significantly reduce the risk that a material misstatement to the consolidated financial statements so that such changes are disseminated and implemented inwould not be prevented or detected on a timely manner.basis;

 

 (3)3.

UpdatingUpdate the relevant internal procedures related to ensure the responsibilitycalculations of value-in-use that are aligned with the approach and oversightrequirements of the specific operational areas involved in reporting the underlying information necessary to calculate impairment of assets, including deferred taxes.corresponding regulations;

 

 (4)4.

Updating ourDesign and implement controls that ensure that the cost figures for operating distributions to be considered in the discounted cash flow calculations correspond to those provided by Cost Management;

5.

Reinforce the process of periodic evaluation and monitoring of the existingcontrols designed and implemented;

6.

Update the corresponding internal controls, pursuant toprocedures in which we submit quarterly reportsidentify the variables to ourbe considered in the determination of the cash flows for the impairment calculation; and

7.

Report regularly to the audit committee in order to ensure that our remediating actions are implemented effectively.on the progress and results of the remediation plan, including the identification, status, and resolution of internal control deficiencies.

Remediation

We also reportedbelieve that the above actions, and the improvements we expect to achieve as a result, will effectively remediate the material weaknessesweakness. However, the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting in our annual reports on Form20-F forwill not be considered remediated until the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, both of which related to the calculationoperation of the impairment of our assets, and the year ended December 31, 2017, related to our calculation of recognized deferred taxes at the time that we filed our unaudited consolidated financial statements with the Mexican Stock Exchange.

remediated control is sufficiently tested.

2017

For the year ended December 31, 2017, we lacked consistency in the reporting of, and failed to timely determine, the amounts of the variables used in the calculation of deferred taxes, and our controls to review and authorize such calculation were ineffective. We were therefore unable to ascertain with reasonable assurance the amount of deferred taxes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. In addition, the calculation of deferred taxes included in our unaudited consolidated financial statements did not take into account new regulations issued by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit. As a result, our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 reflected a net loss in the amount of Ps. 333.4 billion. In connection with the preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements, we were able to determine the definitive amounts of the variables used in the calculation of deferred taxes and performed the calculation in accordance with the new regulations. As a result, we reported a net loss of Ps. 280.9 billion, or Ps. 52.5 billion less than the Ps. 333.4 billion we reported in our unaudited consolidated financial statements. This favorable effect was primarily due to the Ps. 37.2 billion increase in deferred taxes resulting from the implementation of the new regulations issued by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit.

In response to the material weaknesses described above, we executed remediation plans that, among other things, ensure that we respond adequately and in a timely manner to updated regulatory criteria for the calculation of deferred taxes that may affect our financial reporting, such that this material weakness no longer exists.

2016

For the year ended December 31, 2016, we incorrectly assumed, for purposes of the impairment analysis of our exploration and production cash generating units, the economic landscape related to thetwo-yearlife-of-field for certain fields assigned to Petróleos Mexicanos on a temporary basis rather than25-yearlife-of-field allowed by the CNH. As a result, our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 only reflected a net reversal of impairment in the amount of Ps. 246.3 billion. In connection with the preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, we applied the25-yearlife-of-field assumption allowed by the CNH which, combined with the certified reserves data, resulted in a net reversal of impairment in the amount of Ps. 331.3 billion, a difference, while favorable, of Ps. 85.0 billion.

In response to the material weakness described above, in 2017 we remediated the material weakness by executing remediation plans that, among other things, ensure that we apply the accurate life-of-field criteria in the calculation of the impairment of our assets such that this material weakness no longer exists.

2015

For the year ended December 31, 2015, we had not, at the relevant time, established an effective design of processes and procedures to effectively respond to the nature and magnitude of the changes in the economic landscape at such time. In particular, the sharp decline in the price of crude oil in the fourth quarter of 2015 triggered the need to test carrying amounts of our wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment for impairment. In performing the tests, the discount rates used were lower than those required by IFRS and those used by peers in the sector and categorized our entire refinery system as a single cash generating unit instead of viewing each refinery as an independent cash-generating unit in order to determine impairment charges with respect to our wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, as required by IFRS. That resulted in an estimation of recoverable amounts of assets that did not accurately reflect operating and economic conditions as of the date of our consolidated financial statements. For the reasons set forth above, those unaudited financial statements reflected only a Ps. 229.1 billion impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment in 2015, Ps. 248.8 billion less than the actual impairment of Ps. 477.9 billion. In addition, at that time, our internal controls did not provide a mechanism that enabled us to ensure that our disclosure regarding our impairment evaluation and our liquidity condition complied with IFRS. In our unaudited financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, we did not appropriately disclose the assumptions for the computation of the impairment, the uncertainties about the estimates used to calculate impairment and the relevant assets impacted by the impairment and issues related to significant doubt about our ability to continue operating as a going concern in accordance with IFRS.

In response to the material weakness described above, we executed remediation plans that, among other things, put in place adequate procedures to respond to the nature and magnitude of changes in the economic environment, including the use of independent cash-generating units to determine the amount of impairment, such that this material weakness no longer exists.

(c)

(c) Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Not applicable.

(d)

(d) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As discussed above, during 2018, we conducted remediation actions intended to help ensure that we adequately calculate the impairment of our assets and, as a result, deferred taxes, as well as to respond promptly to changes in accounting policies. We also continued to execute the changes made to our internal controls in 2017 and 2016 in order to ensure that we effectively respond to changes in regulatory criteria and business rules for the calculation of impairment of our assets and the nature and magnitude of the changes in the economic landscape.Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for these changes, thereThere has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during 20182020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

Item 16A.

Audit Committee Financial Expert

We do not currently have the necessary numberMr. Jose Eduardo Beltrán Hernández, member of independent members to form the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors in accordance with the Petróleos Mexicanos, Law. Thus, the entire Board of Directors of Pétroleos Mexicanos is presently actingqualifies as our audit committee as specified by Section 3(a)(58)(B) of the Exchange Act.

The Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos has determined that it does not have an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of this Item 16A. We believe that the combined knowledge, skills16A, and experience of the members of our Board of Directors enable them,is independent, as a group, to perform their acting responsibilities as members of the audit committee. In addition, the Board of Directors can consult with outside experts as it deems appropriatedefined in order to provide it with advice on matters related to its tasks and responsibilities. See “Item 6—Directors, Senior Management and Employees.” Because we do not have securities listed or quoted on a U.S. exchange, we are not required to comply with the independence requirements established by Rule10A-3 ofunder the Exchange Act.

Item 16B. Code of Ethics

Item 16B.

Code of Ethics

In accordance with the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, onin November 2016, we issued theCódigo de Ética para Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y empresas filiales (Code Code of Ethics for Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and affiliates, or the Code of Ethics), a code of ethics as defined in Item 16B of Form20-F under the Exchange Act.

On November 26, 2019, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos approved and issued an updated Code of Ethics. An updated Code of Ethics was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on December 24, 2019.

Our Code of Ethics applies to the members of the Boards Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and the subsidiary entities and all of our employees, including our Director General, our Chief Financial Officer, our chief accounting officerChief Accounting Officer and all other employees performing similar functions, as well as other individuals and companies whose actions may affect our reputation. The Code of Ethics is an important component of our ethics and integrity program, which is aimed at eradicating corruption. The Code of Ethics defines values such as respect,non-discrimination, honesty, loyalty, responsibility, legality, impartiality, integrity, inclusivity and integrity,human rights, among others, that we expect will help us achieve our goals and which should be reflected in the daily behavior of employees of Petróleos Mexicanos.our employees.

Our Code of Ethics is available on our website at http://www.pemex.com. If we amendWaivers cannot be granted to the provisions of ourthis Code. Any amendment to the provisions of the Code of Ethics, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose such amendment or waiverbe disclosed on our website at the same address.

On December 7, 2016, our Ethics Committee was formed to monitor the implementation and enforcement of the Code of Ethics. See “Item 4—Information on the Company—Business Overview—PEMEX Corporate Matters—Ethics Committee” for more information.

On August 28, 2017,

In addition, on November 11, 2019 theCódigo de Conducta de Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y, en su caso, empresas filiales( new Code of Conduct offor Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and, where applicable, affiliated companies, or the Code of Conduct) was published ininto the Officialofficial Gazette of the Federation. This Code of Conduct delineates behaviors expected of and banned for our employees, in accordance with the values established in the Code of Ethics approved by the Board of the Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos in November 2016.and contemplates data protection and transparency related matters.

On September 11, 2017, the Políticas y Lineamientos Anticorrupción para Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y, en su caso, Empresas Filiales (Anticorruption Anti-corruption Policies and Guidelines for Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and, where applicable,

affiliated companies)companies and the Políticas y Lineamientos para el desarrollo de la Debida Diligencia en Petróleos Mexicanos, sus empresas productivas subsidiarias y, en su caso, Empresas Filiales, en Materia de Ética e Integridad Corporativa (Policies Policies and Guidelines to carry out Due Diligence in Petróleos Mexicanos, its productive subsidiary entities and, where applicable, affiliated companies, in Ethics and Corporate Integrity matters)Matters became effective. The Due Diligence policy was revised on November 2018.

Additionally, we have an Ethics Lineethics tip line and a telephone number available on our website, as a mechanism to provide advice to address questions on ethics and integrity issues within PEMEX and to facilitate receipt of complaints about possible violations to our Code of Ethics or our Code of Conduct. The information received is channeled to the Ethics Committee and the appropriate areas authorized to investigate and, if applicable, pursue cases in accordance with the applicable laws.

We believe that the regulations and mechanisms mentioned above, along with the legal framework applicable to PEMEX,us, will allow us to improve our ability to mitigate our exposure to bribery and corruption risks in our relationships with third parties. See “Item 3—Key Information—Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to Our Operations—We are subject to Mexican and internationalanti-corruption,anti-bribery andanti-money laundering laws. Our failure to comply with these laws could result in penalties, which could harm our reputation prevent us from obtaining governmental authorizations needed to carry out our operations and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.”

Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Item 16C.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

In its meeting held on October 5, 2017,September 2, 2020, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos appointed BDO Mexico as external auditor of Petróleos Mexicanos, its productivestate-owned subsidiaries and subsidiary companies for the fiscal year 2017 based on the proposal of the audit committee. The Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos also appointed KPMG Mexico as external auditor of Petróleos Mexicanos, its productivestate-owned subsidiaries and subsidiary companies for the fiscal year 20182020 based on the proposal of the audit committee. See “Item 6—Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Audit Committee.”

Audit andNon-Audit Fees

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed to us for the fiscal year 2017 by BDO Mexico, our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2017,years 2019 and 2020 by KPMG Mexico, our independent registered public accounting firm for the yearyears ended December 31, 2018.2019 and 2020.

 

  Year ended December 31,   Year ended December 31, 
        2017   2018   2019   2020 
    (in thousands of nominal pesos)     (in thousands of nominal pesos) 

Audit fees

  Ps.     42,507   Ps.    75,511   Ps.111,431   Ps.105,434 

Audit-related fees

       10,167    6,345    16,003 

Tax Fees

       5,409    2,042    8,750 

All other fees

           —      —   
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total fees

  Ps.42,507   Ps.     91,087   Ps. 119,818   Ps. 130,187 
  

 

   

 

 

Audit fees for the year ended December 31, 2017 in the table above are the aggregate fees billed by BDO Mexico and audit fees for the year ended December 31, 2018 in the table above are the aggregate fees billed by KPMG Mexico, in each case for services provided in connection with the audits of our annual financial statements, statutory filings and statutory audits, filings with financial regulators, regulatory filings, limited review of interim financial information, review of public filings of financial information and reviews of documents related to offerings of securities, as well as comfort and consent letters, and services provided in accordance with the instructions of the audit committee.

Audit Committee Approval Policies and Procedures

In accordance with the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, the audit committee nominates the external auditor for approval by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and issues an opinion regarding the external auditor’s report on our financial statements. As we currently do not have the necessary number of independent members to form an the Aaudit Committee, the entire Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos is presently acting as our audit committee within the meaning of Section 3(a)(58)(B) of the Exchange Act. See “Item 6—Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Audit Committee.”

Item 16D.

Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Not applicable.

Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Item 16E.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Not applicable.

Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

BDO Mexico previously served as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013 through 2017. In a meeting held on October 5, 2017, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos appointed KPMG Mexico as independent registered public accounting firm of Petróleos Mexicanos, its productivestate-owned subsidiaries and subsidiary companies for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 based on the proposal of the Audit Committee. Ourauditor-client relationship with BDO Mexico formally ceased on July 20, 2018. The change of auditor was due to BDO Mexico’s completion of the maximum time period for an external auditor to render services to us, as set forth in the criteria issued by the Audit Committee for the performance of services by the external auditor in accordance with Article 23 of the Petróleos Mexicanos Law. See “Item 16C—Principal
Item 16F.

Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant Fees and Services—Audit Committee Approval Policies and Procedures.”

BDO Mexico’s reports with respect to our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.

During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 and the subsequent interim period through March 31, 2018, there were no disagreements with BDO Mexico, whether or not resolved, on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedures, which if not resolved to BDO Mexico’s satisfaction would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreements in connection with any reports it would have issued.

During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, there were no “reportable events” as that term is defined in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form20-F other than the identification of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as described in our annual report on Form20-F for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “201620-F”) and our annual report on Form20-F for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “201720-F”).

As more fully disclosed in the 201720-F, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2017 due to a material weakness that affected our calculation of recognized deferred taxes at the time that we filed our unaudited consolidated financial statements with the Mexican Stock Exchange. Due to the lack of consistency in the reporting of, and the failure to timely determine, the amounts of the variables used in the calculation of deferred taxes, and the ineffectiveness of controls to review and authorize such calculation, we were unable to ascertain with reasonable assurance the amount of deferred taxes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. In addition, the calculation of deferred taxes included in our unaudited consolidated financial statements did not take into account new regulations issued by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit.

Further, as more fully disclosed in the 201620-F, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2016 due to a material weakness because, when we calculated the impairment effect at the time of our unaudited financial statements, we incorrectly assumed, for purposes of the impairment analysis of our exploration and production cash generating units, the economic landscape related to thetwo-yearlife-of-field for those fields assigned to Petróleos Mexicanos on temporary basis pursuant to Round Zero rather than25-yearlife-of-field allowed by the CNH.

Our Board of Directors has discussed these material weaknesses with BDO Mexico and we have authorized BDO Mexico to respond fully to the inquiries of the successor independent registered public accounting firm concerning these matters.

We have provided BDO Mexico with a copy of the foregoing disclosure and have requested that BDO Mexico furnish us a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether or not BDO Mexico agrees with such disclosure. A copy of BDO Mexico’s letter, dated April 30, 2019, is filed as Exhibit 15.1 to this report.

During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, we did not consult with KPMG Mexico regarding either (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our consolidated financial statements or (ii) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement or a “reportable event” as that term is defined in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form20-F. Further, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, KPMG Mexico did not provide any written report or oral advice that was an important factor considered by us in reaching a decision as to any such accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue.

Item 16G. Corporate Governance

Not applicable.

Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure

Item 16G.

Corporate Governance

Not applicable.

Item 16H.

Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 17.     Financial Statements

Item 17.

Financial Statements

Not applicable.

Item 18.     Financial Statements

Item 18.

Financial Statements

See pages F-1 through F-144,F-169, incorporated herein by reference.

Item 19.

Exhibits

Item 19.     Exhibits. Documents filed as exhibits to this Form20-F:

 

1.1  Ley de Petróleos Mexicanos (Petróleos Mexicanos Law), effective October  7, 2014 (English translation) (previously filed as Exhibit 1.1 to Petróleos Mexicanos’ annual report on Form20-F (FileNo. 0-99) on April  30, 2015 and incorporated by reference herein).
1.2  Reglamento de la Ley de Petróleos Mexicanos(Regulations to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law), effective November  1, 2014 and, as amended, as of February  9, 2015 (English translation) (previously filed as Exhibit 1.2 to Petróleos Mexicanos’ annual report on Form20-F (FileNo. 0-99) on April  30, 2015 and incorporated by reference herein).
1.3  Acuerdo de Creación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Exploración y Producción(Creation Resolution of the ProductiveState-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Exploration and Production), effective June 1, 2015 (English translation) (previously filed as Exhibit 3.4 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-205763) on July 21, 2015 and incorporated by reference herein).
1.4  Acuerdo de Creación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Cogeneración y Servicios(Creation Resolution of the ProductiveState-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Cogeneration and Services), effective June 1, 2015 (English translation) (previously filed as Exhibit 3.5 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-205763) on July 21, 2015 and incorporated by reference herein).
1.5  Acuerdo de Creación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Perforación y Servicios(Creation Resolution of the ProductiveState-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Drilling and Services), effective August 1, 2015 (English translation) (previously filed as Exhibit 3.5 to Amendment No. 1 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-205763) on February 8, 2016 and incorporated by reference herein).

1.6  Acuerdo de Creación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Logística(Creation Resolution of the ProductiveState-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Logistics), effective October 1, 2015 (English translation) (previously filed as Exhibit 3.6 to Amendment No. 1 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-205763) on February 8, 2016 and incorporated by reference herein).
1.7  Acuerdo de Creación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Transformación Industrial(Creation Resolution of the ProductiveState-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Industrial Transformation), effective November 1, 2015 (English translation) (previously filed as Exhibit 3.7 to Amendment No. 1 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-205763) on February 8, 2016 and incorporated by reference herein).
1.8  AdecuacióAdecuación al Acuerdo de CreacióCreación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de PetróPetróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex ExploracióExploración y ProduccióProducción (Amendment to Creation Resolution of the ProductiveState-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Exploration and Production), effective December 29, 2015 (English Translation) (previously filed as Exhibit 3.4 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-220721) on September 29, 2017 and incorporated by reference herein).

1.9  AdecuacióAdecuación al Acuerdo de CreacióCreación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de PetróPetróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex ExploracióExploración y ProducciProducciónón (Amendment to Creation Resolution of the ProductiveState-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Exploration and Production), effective May 12, 2016 (English translation) (previously filed as Exhibit 3.4 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-213351) on November 30, 2016 and incorporated by reference herein).
1.10  Adecuación al Acuerdo de Creación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Exploración y Producción (Amendment to Creation Resolution of the Productive State-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Exploration and Production), effective July 1, 2019 (English translation).
1.11Adecuación al Acuerdo de Creación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Logística (Amendment to Creation Resolution of the Productive State-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Logistics), effective July 1, 2019 (English translation).
1.12Adecuación al Acuerdo de Creación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Transformación Industrial (Amendment to Creation Resolution of the Productive State-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Industrial Transformation), effective July 1, 2019 (English translation).
1.13Adecuación al Acuerdo de Creación de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Transformación Industrial (Amendment to Creation Resolution of the Productive State-Owned Subsidiary of Petróleos Mexicanos, denominated Pemex Industrial Transformation), effective January 1, 2021 (English translation).
1.14Declaratoria de Liquidación y Extinción de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Cogeneración y Servicios, (Declaration of Liquidation and Extinction of Pemex Cogeneration and Services), effective July  27, 2018 (English Translation)translation) (previously filed as Exhibit 1.10 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 0-99) on April  30, 2019 and incorporated by reference herein).
1.15Declaratoria de Extinción de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Perforación y Servicios (Declaration of Extinction of Pemex Drilling and Services), effective July 1, 2019 (English translation).

2.1  Indenture, dated as of September 18, 1997, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (formerly known as Bankers Trust Company) (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-7796) on October 17, 1997 and incorporated by reference herein). (P)
2.2  Indenture, dated as of August 7, 1998, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (formerly known as Bankers Trust Company) (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-9310) on August 24, 1998 and incorporated by reference herein). (P)
2.3  Indenture, dated as of July 31, 2000, among the Pemex Project Funding Master Trust, Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (formerly known as Bankers Trust Company) (previously filed as Exhibit 2.5 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Annual Report on Form20-F (FileNo. 0-99) on June 28, 2001 and incorporated by reference herein). (P)
2.4  First supplemental indenture dated as of September  30, 2009, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, to the indenture dated as of July 31, 2000 (previously filed as Exhibit 2.4 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Annual Report onForm 20-F (FileNo. 0-99) on June 29, 2010 and incorporated by reference herein).
2.5  Indenture, dated as of December  30, 2004, among the Pemex Project Funding Master Trust, Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (previously filed as Exhibit 2.7 to Petróleos Mexicanos’ Annual Report on Form20-F (File(File No. 0-99) on June 30, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).
2.6  First supplemental indenture dated as of September  30, 2009, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, to the indenture dated as of December 30, 2004 (previously filed as Exhibit 2.6 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Annual Report on Form20-F (FileNo. 0-99) on June 29, 2010 and incorporated by reference herein).
2.7  Indenture, dated as of January  27, 2009, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (previously filed as Exhibit 2.5 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Annual Report on Form20-F (FileNo. 0-99) on June 30, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein).
2.8  Fiscal Agency Agreement between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (formerly known as Bankers Trust Company), dated as of June 16, 1993, and amended and restated as of February 26, 1998 (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Annual Report on Form20-F (FileNo. 0-99) on June 29, 2000 and incorporated by reference herein). (P)
2.9  Trust Agreement, dated as of November 10, 1998, among The Bank of New York, The Bank of New York (Delaware) and Petróleos Mexicanos (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Annual Report on Form20-F (FileNo. 0-99) on June 30, 1999 and incorporated by reference herein). (P)
2.10  Amendment No. 1, dated as of November  17, 2004, to the Trust Agreement among The Bank of New York, The Bank of New York (Delaware) and Petróleos Mexicanos dated as of November 10, 1998 (previously filed as Exhibit 2.10 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Annual Report on Form20-F (FileNo. 0-99) on June 30, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).

2.13  Assignment and Indemnity Agreement, dated as of November 10, 1998, among Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploración y Producción,Pemex-Refinación,Pemex-Gas y Petroquímica Básica and the Pemex Project Funding Master Trust (previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Annual Report on Form20-F (FileNo. 0-99) on June 30, 1999 and incorporated by reference herein). (P)
2.14  Amendment No. 1, dated as of August 17, 2006, to the Assignment and Indemnity Agreement among Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploración y Producción,Pemex-Refinación,Pemex-Gas y Petroquímica Básica,Pemex-Petroquímica, and the Pemex Project Funding Master Trust dated as of November 10, 1998 (previously filed as Exhibit 4.7 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4/A (FileNo. 333-136674-04) on October 27, 2006 and incorporated by reference herein).
2.15  Guaranty Agreement, dated July 29, 1996, among Petróleos Mexicanos,Pemex-Exploración y Producción,Pemex-Refinación andPemex-Gas y Petroquímica Básica (previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-7796) on October 17, 1997 and incorporated by reference herein). (P)
2.16  Amendment Agreement dated as of June  24, 2014, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, amending the terms and conditions of the Petróleos Mexicanos 8.625% Bonds due 2023 issued pursuant to the Fiscal Agency Agreement between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company (as amended and restated) (previously filed as Exhibit 4.9 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-198588) on September 5, 2014 and incorporated by reference herein).
2.17  First supplemental indenture dated as of June  24, 2014, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, to the indenture dated as of September 18, 1997 (previously filed as Exhibit 4.10 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-198588) on September 5, 2014 and incorporated by reference herein).
2.18  First supplemental indenture dated as of June  24, 2014, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, to the indenture dated as of August 7, 1998 (previously filed as Exhibit 4.11 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-198588) on September 5, 2014 and incorporated by reference herein).
2.19  Second supplemental indenture dated as of June  24, 2014, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, to the indenture dated as of July 31, 2000 (previously filed as Exhibit 4.12 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-198588) on September 5, 2014 and incorporated by reference herein).
2.20  Second supplemental indenture dated as of June  24, 2014, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, to the indenture dated as of December 30, 2004 (previously filed as Exhibit 4.13 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-198588) on September 5, 2014 and incorporated by reference herein).
2.21  Fourth supplemental indenture dated as of June  24, 2014, between Petróleos Mexicanos and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, to the indenture dated as of January 27, 2009 (previously filed as Exhibit 4.14 to the Petróleos Mexicanos Registration Statement on FormF-4 (FileNo. 333-198588) on September 5, 2014 and incorporated by reference herein).

The registrant agrees to furnish to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, copies of any instruments that define the rights of holders oflong-term debt of the registrant that are not filed as exhibits to this report.

 

101.DEF  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE  XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

(P)

(P)

Filed via paper.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, theThe registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS
By: 

/S/ ALBERTO VELÁZQUEZ GARCÍA              s/ Alberto Velázquez García

Name: Name:  Alberto Velázquez García
Title: Title:    Chief Financial Officer/Corporate
 Director of Finance

Date: April 30, 2019May 17, 2021


PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS,LOGO

PRODUCTIVE STATE-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2018, 2017 AND 2016 AND

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS, PRODUCTIVE STATE-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2018, 2017 AND 2016

Index

Contents

Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

F-2

Consolidated statements:

Of financial position

F-6

Of comprehensive income

F-7

Of changes in equity (deficit)

F-8

Of cash flows

F-9

Notes to the consolidated statements through

F-10 to F-144


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors of

Petróleos Mexicanos Productive State-Owned Company:

(figures stated in thousands of pesos)

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statementstatements of financial position of Petróleos Mexicanos, Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies (PEMEX) as of December 31, 2018,2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the yearyears in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018,2020, and the related notes collectively,(collectively, the consolidated financial statements.statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of PEMEX as of December 31, 2018,2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the yearyears in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018,2020, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standard as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that PEMEX will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 24 e)22F to the consolidated financial statements, PEMEX has suffered recurring losses from operations, has a net capital deficiency and netan accumulated equity deficit. These issues, together with its fiscal regime, the significant increase in its indebtedness and the reduction of its working capitaldeficit; that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 24 e).22F. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in note 15 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2018 PEMEX has elected to change its method of computing the discount rate applied to cash flows derived from its oil and gas production activities for the impairment calculation of long lived assets, related to exploration and production cash generating units.

Illicit fuel market Non-operating losses

As discussed in note 25 to the consolidated financial statements, transportation of hydrocarbons and other products through the pipeline network is affected by unauthorized subtractions resulting in an illicit fuel market risk. These non-operating losses significantly increased 71.8% during 2018, representing a total cost of $39,439,107 at December 31, 2018.

(Continued)

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. PEMEX is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ KPMG CÁRDENAS DOSAL, S.C.

We have served as PEMEX’s auditor since 2018

Mexico City, April 30, 2019

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors

Petróleos Mexicanos

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Petróleos Mexicanos, Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies (“PEMEX”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Petróleos Mexicanos, Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

Going concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that PEMEX will continue as a going concern. As described in Note 2-b to the consolidated financial statements, PEMEX has suffered recurring losses from operations, has a working capital deficiency and a net equity deficit. As stated in Note 2-b, these events or conditions, along with other matters as set forth in such Note, indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the PEMEX’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2-b. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’sPEMEX’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the PEMEX’sthese consolidated financial statementstatements based on our audit.audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”)(PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the CompanyPEMEX in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our auditaudits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with International Standards on Auditing issued by International Federation of Accountants.PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. PEMEX is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of PEMEX’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

LOGO

LOGO

Our auditaudits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit providesaudits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

CASTILLO MIRANDA Y COMPAÑÍA, S. C.Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Assessment of the impact of estimated oil and gas reserves on amortization expense related to proved oil and gas properties (000’s mxp)

As discussed in notes 3E iii) and 13 to the consolidated financial statements, PEMEX reported depreciation and amortization expenses related to producing oil and gas properties of $101,339,417 for the year ended December 31, 2020. PEMEX calculates depreciation and amortization expenses related to producing oil and gas properties using the unit of production method. Under this method, capitalized cost of producing oil and gas properties, along with support equipment and facilities, are depreciated or amortized to expense in proportion to the production of proved oil and gas reserves. On an annual basis PEMEX’s internal petroleum reservoir engineers use geological and engineering data as well as commercial and market information and estimates of development and production costs to estimate the proved oil and gas reserves. PEMEX engages external petroleum reservoir engineering specialists to independently evaluate these estimates.

We identified the impact of estimated proved oil and gas reserves on the depreciation and amortization expenses related to producing oil and gas properties as a critical audit matter. Complex auditor judgement was required to evaluate PEMEX’s estimate of proved oil and gas reserves, which is the most significant judgmental input to the depreciation and amortization expenses calculation. The process for evaluating the proved oil and gas reserves is highly complex, involves a number of subjective assumptions and requires specialized skills and knowledge.

 /s/ JOSE LUIS VILLALOBOS ZUAZUA

LOGO

LOGO

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design of certain internal controls related to the determination of the estimate of proved oil and gas reserves, including controls related to the forecasted production of proved oil and gas reserves. We assessed the methodology used by PEMEX’s internal petroleum reservoir engineers to estimate proved oil and gas reserves. We evaluated the professional qualifications and the knowledge, skills, and ability of PEMEX’S internal petroleum reservoir engineers and the external petroleum reservoir engineering specialists engaged by PEMEX. We obtained the proved oil and gas reserves reports from the external petroleum reservoir engineering specialists and compared the information with that used by the internal petroleum reservoir engineers. We read the findings of the external petroleum reservoir engineering specialist’s review of the methods and procedures used by PEMEX in estimating the proved reserves to assess compliance with industry and regulatory standards.

Impairment of exploration and production and industrial transformation cash generating units (000’s mxp)

As discussed in notes 3H and 13 to the consolidated financial statements, PEMEX recognized a net impairment expense of $ 36,730,030 on the exploration and production and industrial transformation (“upstream”) cash generating units (CGUs) for the year ended December 31, 2020. The carrying amounts of PEMEX’s upstream CGUs are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. When the carrying amount of a CGU exceeds its recoverable value, PEMEX records an impairment charge in profit or loss. Impairments are reversed in subsequent periods if there has been an increase in the recoverable value since the recognition of the impairment expense. The recoverable amount of a CGU is defined as the higher of its fair value minus the cost of disposal and its value in use. The value in use is the present value of the estimated future net cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of a CGU and from its disposal at the end of its useful life; discounted by applying a pre-tax discount rate. For the upstream CGUs, the recoverable amount was determined as the value in use and required the use of a number of assumptions, including the forecasted production of oil and gas proved and probable reserves, future operating and development cost, future commodity prices, and a discount rate.

We identified the assessment of certain assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount of the upstream CGUs as a critical audit matter. The estimation of the recoverable amount of these CGUs requires the use of highly subjective, significant assumptions in relation to the forecasted production of oil and gas proved and probable reserves, future operating and development costs, future commodity prices and the discount rate. It required a high degree of subjective auditor judgment to evaluate these significant, judgmental assumptions.

 C.P.C. Jose Luis Villalobos Zuazua

LOGO

LOGO

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design of certain internal controls related to the impairment assessment process, including controls related to the forecasted production of oil and gas proved and probable reserves, future operating and development costs, future commodity prices and the discount rate. We evaluated the competence, capabilities and objectivity of PEMEX’s internal petroleum reservoir engineers, who forecast the production of oil and gas proved and probable reserves. We compared the future production quantities forecast by PEMEX’s internal petroleum reservoir engineers to the production used in the estimate of future net cash flows. In addition, we involved a valuation professional with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in evaluating the future commodity prices, by comparing them against prices developed independently using available market data, and PEMEX’s discount rate, by comparing it against a discount rate range that was independently developed using publicly available market data for comparable entities.

/s/ KPMG CÁRDENAS DOSAL, S.C.

We have served as PEMEX’s auditor since 2018

Mexico City, Mexico

April 30, 2018

PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS, PRODUCTIVE STATE-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

(FIGURES STATED IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT AS NOTED)May 17, 2021

 

LOGO

   Note  December 31, 2018  December 31, 2018  December 31, 2017 
      

(Unaudited;

U.S. dollars)

       

ASSETS

     

Current assets:

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   8,9  U.S. $4,161,603  Ps.81,912,409  Ps.97,851,754 

Accounts receivable, net

   8,10   8,491,624   167,139,778   168,123,028 

Inventories

   11   4,167,199   82,022,568   63,858,930 

Current portion of notes receivable

   8,17-a   1,938,426   38,153,851   2,522,206 

Held—for—sale non—financial assets

   13   63,692   1,253,638   —   

Equity instruments

   8,12   12,470   245,440   1,056,918 

Derivative financial instruments

   8,19   1,137,143   22,382,277   30,113,454 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

    19,972,157   393,109,961   363,526,290 

Non-current assets:

     

Investments in joint ventures and associates

   14   855,643   16,841,545   16,707,364 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

   15   71,254,037   1,402,486,084   1,436,509,326 

Long-term notes receivable, net of current portion

   8,17-a   6,087,954   119,828,598   148,492,909 

Deferred income taxes and duties

   23   6,238,142   122,784,730   146,192,485 

Intangible assets, net

   16   697,079   13,720,540   14,678,640 

Other assets

   17-b   326,467   6,425,810   5,895,100 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Totalnon-current assets

    85,459,322   1,682,087,307   1,768,475,824 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

   U.S. $105,431,479  Ps.2,075,197,268  Ps.2,132,002,114 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

LIABILITIES

     

Current liabilities:

     

Short-term debt and current portion of long—term debt

   8,18  U.S. $9,744,281  Ps. 191,795,709  Ps.157,209,467 

Suppliers

    7,612,837   149,842,712   139,955,378 

Taxes and duties payable

   23   3,318,869   65,324,959   51,004,960 

Accounts and accrued expenses payable

   8   1,265,955   24,917,669   23,211,401 

Derivative financial instruments

   8,19   807,566   15,895,245   17,745,979 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

    22,749,508   447,776,294   389,127,185 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Long-term liabilities:

     

Long-term debt, net of current portion

   8,18   96,047,351   1,890,490,407   1,880,665,604 

Employee benefits

   20   54,897,502   1,080,542,046   1,258,436,122 

Provisions for sundry creditors

   21   5,169,627   101,753,256   87,677,423 

Other liabilities

    484,095   9,528,385   14,194,237 

Deferred taxes

   23   229,250   4,512,312   4,253,928 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total long-term liabilities

    156,827,825   3,086,826,406   3,245,227,314 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   U.S. $179,577,333  Ps.3,534,602,700  Ps.3,634,354,499 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

EQUITY (DEFICIT)

     

Controlling interest:

     

Certificates of Contribution “A”

   U.S. $18 114 427  Ps.356,544,447  Ps.356,544,447 

Mexican Government contributions

    2,221,755   43,730,591   43,730,591 

Legal reserve

    50,914   1,002,130   1,002,130 

Accumulated other comprehensive result

    3,655,308   71,947,067   (151,887,182

Accumulated deficit:

     

From prior years

    (89,048,485  (1,752,732,435  (1,471,862,579

Net loss for the year

    (9,164,013  (180,374,350  (280,844,899
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total controlling interest

    (74,170,094  (1,459,882,550  (1,503,317,492

Totalnon-controlling interest

    24,240   477,118   965,107 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total equity (deficit)

   U.S. $(74,145,854 Ps. (1,459,405,432 Ps. (1,502,352,385
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity (deficit)

   U.S. $105,431,479  Ps.2,075,197,268  Ps.2,132,002,114 
   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos,

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Consolidated statements of financial position

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Assets Note  2020  2020  2019 
     

(Unaudited;

U.S. dollars)

       

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

  8,9   2,004,631   39,989,781   60,621,631 

Customers

  7,8,10-a   3,427,913   68,382,413   89,263,870 

Other financing receivables

  7,8,10-b   1,584,846   31,615,623   31,416,091 

Other non-financing receivables

  7,8,10-b   4,501,017   89,789,428   59,825,720 

Inventories

  11   2,637,047   52,605,661   82,672,196 

Current portion of the Government Bonds

  15-b   904,147   18,036,557   —   

Current portion of notes receivable

  8,15-a   —     —     4,909,970 

Derivative financial instruments

  8,18   1,300,736   25,947,993   11,496,330 

Other current assets

  8   175,063   3,492,283   2,829,233 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

  6   16,535,400   329,859,739   343,035,041 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Non-current assets:

    

Investments in joint ventures and associates

  8,12   602,301   12,015,129   14,874,579 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

  13   63,970,561   1,276,129,521   1,277,548,562 

Rights of use

  17   2,967,374   59,195,257   70,818,314 

Long-term notes receivable, net of current portion and other

  8,15-a   44,455   886,827   122,565,306 

Long-term of the Government Bonds

  15-b   5,589,986   111,512,962   —   

Deferred income taxes and duties

  21   5,440,415   108,529,199   136,166,747 

Intangible assets, net

  14   1,141,718   22,775,784   14,584,524 

Other assets

  15-b   380,151   7,583,510   4,654,007 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total non-current assets

  6   80,136,961   1,598,628,189   1,641,212,039 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

   96,672,361   1,928,487,928   1,984,247,080 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
Liabilities Note  2020  2020  2019 
     

(Unaudited;

U.S. dollars)

       

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt

  8,16   19,605,151   391,097,267   244,924,185 

Short-term leases

  8,17   406,389   8,106,937   5,847,085 

Suppliers

  8   14,135,159   281,978,041   208,034,407 

Income taxes and duties payable

  21   2,566,599   51,200,314   50,692,629 

Accounts and accrued expenses payable

  8,18   1,539,423   30,709,497   26,055,151 

Derivative financial instruments

  8,18   467,099   9,318,015   16,650,171 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

  6   38,719,820   772,410,071   552,203,628 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Long-term liabilities:

    

Long-term debt, net of current portion

  8,16   93,621,642   1,867,630,050   1,738,249,903 

Long-term leases

  8,17   2,760,941   55,077,191   62,301,542 

Employee benefits

  19   76,955,796   1,535,168,086   1,456,815,367 

Provisions for sundry creditors

  20   4,743,461   94,625,884   98,011,908 

Other liabilities

   245,209   4,891,562   4,397,299 

Deferred income taxes

  21   171,044   3,412,114   3,676,735 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total long-term liabilities

  6   178,498,093   3,560,804,887   3,363,452,754 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   217,217,913   4,333,214,958   3,915,656,382 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Equity (deficit)

  6,22    

Controlling interest:

    

Certificates of Contribution “A”

   26,314,068   524,931,447   478,675,447 

Mexican Government contributions

   2,192,152   43,730,591   43,730,591 

Legal reserve

   50,235   1,002,130   1,002,130 

Accumulated other comprehensive result

   (12,596,560  (251,284,990  (240,078,590

Accumulated deficit:

    

From prior years

   (111,014,607  (2,214,597,087  (1,933,106,785

Net loss for the year

   (25,509,372  (508,878,813  (281,490,302
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total controlling interest

   (120,564,084  (2,405,096,722  (1,931,267,509
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total non-controlling interest

   18,532   369,692   (141,793
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total equity (deficit)

   (120,545,552  (2,404,727,030  (1,931,409,302
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies

  26,27    

Subsequent events

  28    

Total liabilities and equity (deficit)

   96,672,361   1,928,487,928   1,984,247,080 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS, PRODUCTIVE STATE-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIESPetróleos Mexicanos,

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEProductive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBERConsolidated statements of comprehensive income

For the years periods ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 2017 AND 2016

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

 Note 2018 2018 2017 2016   Note     2020 2020 2019 2018 
   

(Unaudited;

U.S. dollars)

               (Unaudited;
U.S. dollars)
       

Net sales:

     

Net sales

        

Domestic

 7  U.S. $49,817,839  Ps.980,559,538  Ps.877,360,038  Ps.670,000,473    6,7     25,250,369   503,712,031   807,020,214   980,559,538 

Export

 7  35,151,660  691,886,610  508,539,112  395,118,117    6,7     22,318,965   445,234,329   585,842,291   691,886,610 

Services income

 7  440,636  8,673,002  11,130,569  8,974,642    6,7     236,381   4,715,484   9,108,680   8,673,002 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total of sales

  85,410,135  1,681,119,150  1,397,029,719  1,074,093,232       47,805,715   953,661,844   1,401,971,185   1,681,119,150 

(Reversal) impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

 15-e  (1,088,203 (21,418,997 151,444,560  (331,314,343

(Impairment) reversal of impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

   6,13 e)     (1,822,359  (36,353,700  (31,283,154  21,418,997 

Cost of sales

 25  60,941,810  1,199,511,561  1,004,204,880  865,822,221    6,23     41,737,792   832,614,690   1,122,933,424   1,199,511,561 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Gross income

  25,556,528  503,026,586  241,380,279  539,585,354    6     4,245,564   84,693,454   247,754,607   503,026,586 

Other revenues, net

 26  1,171,195  23,052,511  5,174,076  22,649,606 

General expenses:

     
     

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Other revenues

   6,24-a     589,956   11,768,846   14,940,447   41,517,631 

Other expenses

   6,24-b     (59,889  (1,194,714  (7,211,691  (18,465,120

Distribution, transportation and sale expenses

 25  1,207,868  23,774,354  21,889,670  25,231,240    6,23     623,411   12,436,242   21,885,911   24,357,209 

Administrative expenses

 25  6,824,273  134,321,481  119,939,454  112,653,533    6,23     7,313,481   145,894,444   130,768,822   134,321,481 

Impairment of accounts receivables

 10  29,613  582,855   —     —   
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Operating income

  18,665,969  367,400,407  104,725,231  424,350,187    6     (3,161,261  (63,063,100  102,828,630   367,400,407 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Financing income1

  1,603,276  31,557,122  16,165,853  13,749,255    6     839,255   16,742,048   29,235,603   31,557,122 

Financing cost2

  (6,133,599 (120,727,022 (117,644,548 (98,844,464   6     (8,109,062  (161,765,242  (132,861,340  (123,869,684

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net

  (1,130,860 (22,258,613 25,338,324  (14,000,987   6,18     857,005   17,096,141   (23,263,923  (19,115,951

Foreign exchange gain (loss), net

  1,202,032  23,659,480  23,184,122  (254,012,743

Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net

   6,18     (6,464,045  (128,949,304  86,930,388   23,659,480 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Sum of financing (costs) net, derivative instruments (cost) and foreign exchange gains, net

      (12,876,847  (256,876,357  (39,959,272  (87,769,033

(Loss) profit sharing in joint ventures and associates

   6,12     (177,482  (3,540,533  (1,157,893  1,527,012 
  (4,459,151 (87,769,033 (52,956,249 (353,108,939     

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Profit sharing in joint ventures and associates

 14  77,581  1,527,012  360,440  2,135,845 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Income before duties, taxes and other

  14,284,399  281,158,386  52,129,422  73,377,093 

(Loss) income before duties, taxes and other

      (16,215,590  (323,479,990  61,711,465   281,158,386 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Profit sharing duty, net

 23  23,875,221  469,933,595  338,044,209  277,161,804    21     7,750,336   154,609,136   372,812,500   469,933,595 

Income tax benefit

 23  (424,499 (8,355,372 (5,064,168 (12,640,369

Income tax expense (benefit), net

   21     1,552,128   30,962,939   (28,989,011  (8,355,372
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total duties, taxes and other

  23,450,722  461,578,223  332,980,041  264,521,435    6     9,302,464   185,572,075   343,823,489   461,578,223 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net loss

  (9,166,323 (180,419,837 (280,850,619 (191,144,342   6     (25,518,054  (509,052,065  (282,112,024  (180,419,837
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Other comprehensive results:

             

Items that will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

     

Items that will be reclassified subsequently:

        

Currency translation effect

  42,991  846,191  (6,096,459 21,386,903       394,861   7,876,961   (2,695,532  846,191 

Available-for-sale financial assets

   —     —    5,564,130  207,817 

Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

     

Actuarial gains—employee benefits

  11,306,543  222,545,556  12,038,710  106,277,761 

Items that will not be reclassified

        

Actuarial (losses) gains - employee benefits, net of taxes

      (961,585  (19,182,373  (309,327,314  222,545,556 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total other comprehensive results

  11,349,534  223,391,747  11,506,381  127,872,481       (566,724  (11,305,412  (312,022,846  223,391,747 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total comprehensive loss

  U.S. $2,183,211  Ps.42,971,910  Ps.(269,344,238 Ps.(63,271,861

Total comprehensive (loss) income

   U.S. $     (26,084,778  (520,357,477  (594,134,870  42,971,910 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net loss attributable to:

             

Controlling interest

  U.S. $(9,164,013 Ps.(180,374,350 Ps.(280,844,899 Ps.(191,645,606   U.S. $     (25,509,372  (508,878,813  (281,490,302  (180,374,350

Non-controlling interest

  (2,310 (45,487 (5,720 501,264       (8,682  (173,252  (621,722  (45,487
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Net loss

  U.S. $(9,166,323 Ps.(180,419,837 Ps.(280,850,619 Ps.(191,144,342   U.S. $     (25,518,054  (509,052,065  (282,112,024  (180,419,837
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Other comprehensive results attributable to:

             

Controlling interest

  U.S. $11,372,016  Ps.223,834,249  Ps. 11,512,259  Ps.127,650,318    U.S. $     (561,761  (11,206,400  (312,025,657  223,834,249 

Non-controlling interest

  (22,482 (442,502 (5,878 222,163       (4,963  (99,012  2,811   (442,502
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total other comprehensive results

  U.S. $11,349,534  Ps.223,391,747  Ps.11,506,381  Ps.127,872,481    U.S. $     (566,724  (11,305,412  (312,022,846  223,391,747 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Comprehensive (loss) income:

             

Controlling interest

  U.S. $2,208,003  Ps.43,459,899  Ps.(269,332,640 Ps.(63,995,288   U.S. $     (26,071,133  (520,085,213  (593,515,959  43,459,899 

Non-controlling interest

  (24,792 (487,989 (11,598 723,427       (13,645  (272,264  (618,911  (487,989
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total comprehensive loss

  U.S. $2,183,211  Ps.42,971,910  Ps.(269,344,238 Ps.(63,271,861

Total comprehensive (loss) income

   U.S. $     (26,084,778  (520,357,477  (594,134,870  42,971,910 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

      

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

1 

Includes financing income from investments and gain on discount rate of plugging of wells in 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016.2018.

2 

Mainly interest on debt.

PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS, PRODUCTIVE STATE-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIESPetróleos Mexicanos,

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (DEFICIT)Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBERConsolidated statements of changes in equity (deficit)

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 2017 AND 2016

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

(See Note 24)22)

 

      Controlling interest       
      Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)  Accumulated deficit          
      Certificates
of

Contribution
“A”
   Mexican
Government
contributions
   Legal
reserve
   Cumulative
currency
translation
effect
  Actuarial
(losses)
gains

on employee
benefits
effect
  For
the year
  From
prior years
  Total  Non
controlling
interest
  Total Equity
(deficit)
 

Balances January 1, 2018

     356,544,447    43,730,591    1,002,130    44,633,012   (196,520,194  —     (1,752,732,435  (1,503,342,449  965,107   (1,502,377,342

Total comprehensive income (loss)

     —      —      —      1,287,215   222,547,034   (180,374,350  —     43,459,899   (487,989  42,971,910 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2018

  Ps.   356,544,447    43,730,591    1,002,130    45,920,227   26,026,840   (180,374,350  (1,752,732,435  (1,459,882,550  477,118   (1,459,405,432
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Transfer to accumulated deficit

             180,374,350   (180,374,350  —      —   

Increase in Certificates of Contribution “A”

     122,131,000            122,131,000    122,131,000 

Total comprehensive loss

           (2,691,157  (309,334,500  (347,289,362   (659,315,019  (618,911  (659,933,930
          

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2019

  Ps.   478,675,447    43,730,591    1,002,130    43,229,070   (283,307,660  (347,289,362  (1,933,106,785  (1,997,066,569  (141,793  (1,997,208,362
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Non-material adjustment (Notes 4-B and 13-F)

             65,799,060    65,799,060    65,799,060 
            

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2019 adjusted

     478,675,447    43,730,591    1,002,130    43,229,070   (283,307,660  (281,490,302  (1,933,106,785  (1,931,267,509  (141,793  (1,931,409,302
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Transfer to accumulated deficit

             281,490,302   (281,490,302  —      —   

Increase in Certificates of Contribution “A”

     46,256,000            46,256,000    46,256,000 

Non-controlling divestment

               —     783,749   783,749 

Total comprehensive loss

           7,972,187   (19,178,587  (508,878,813   (520,085,213  (272,264  (520,357,477
          

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2020

     524,931,447    43,730,591    1,002,130    51,201,257   (302,486,247  (508,878,813  (2,214,597,087  (2,405,096,722  369,692   (2,404,727,030
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2020 (Unaudited U.S. dollars)

    $26,314,068    2,192,152    50,235    2,566,646   (15,163,206  (25,509,372  (111,014,607  (120,564,084  18,532   (120,545,552
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.    

Petróleos Mexicanos,

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Consolidated statements of cash flows

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

  Controlling interest       
  Certificates of
Contribution “A”
  Mexican
Government
contributions
  Legal reserve  Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)  Accumulated deficit          
 Available-for
sale financial
assets
  Cumulative
currency
translation
effect
  Actuarial
(losses) gains
on employee
benefits effect
     Total  Non
controlling
interest
  Total Equity
(deficit), net
 
 For the year  
From prior years
 

Balances as of January 1, 2016

 Ps.194,604,835  Ps.43,730,591  Ps.1,002,130  Ps.(5,771,947 Ps.29,550,360  Ps.(329,801,386 Ps.(712,434,997 Ps.(552,808,762 Ps.(1,331,929,176 Ps.253,278  Ps.(1,331,675,898
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Transfer to accumulated deficit

  —     —     —     —     —     —     712,434,997   (712,434,997  —     —     —   

Increase in Certificates of Contribution “A”

  161,939,612   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     161,939,612   —     161,939,612 

Reclassification of other comprehensive income

  —     —     —     —     —     14,973,214   —     (14,973,214  —     —     —   

Total comprehensive income (loss)

  —     —     —     207,817   21,169,662   106,272,839   (191,645,606  —     (63,995,288  723,427   (63,271,861
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2016

 Ps.356,544,447  Ps.43,730,591  Ps.1,002,130  Ps.(5,564,130 Ps.50,720,022  Ps.(208,555,333)  Ps.(191,645,606 Ps.(1,280,216,973 Ps.(1,233,984,852 Ps.976,705  Ps.(1,233,008,147
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Transfer to accumulated deficit

  —     —     —     —     —     —     191,645,606   (191,645,606  —     —     —   

Total comprehensive income (loss)

  —     —     —     5,564,130   (6,087,010  12,035,139   (280,844,899  —     (269,332,640  (11,598  (269,344,238
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2017

 Ps.356,544,447  Ps.43,730,591  Ps.1,002,130  Ps.—    Ps.44,633,012  Ps.(196,520,194 Ps.(280,844,899 Ps.(1,471,862,579 Ps.(1,503,317,492 Ps.965,107  Ps.(1,502,352,385
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Initial effect by the adoption of IFRS 9 (Note4-b)

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     (24,957  (24,957  —     (24,957
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balances adjusted as of January 1, 2018

 Ps.356,544,447  Ps.43,730,591  Ps.1,002,130  Ps.—    Ps.44,633,012  Ps.(196,520,194 Ps.(280,844,899 Ps.(1,471,887,536 Ps.(1,503,342,449 Ps.965,107  Ps.(1,502,377,342
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Transfer to accumulated deficit

  —     —     —     —     —     —     280,844,899   (280,844,899  —     —     —   

Total comprehensive income (loss)

  —     —     —     —     1,287,215   222,547,034   (180,374,350  —     43,459,899   (487,989  42,971,910 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2018

 Ps.356,544,447  Ps.43,730,591  Ps.1,002,130  Ps.—    Ps.45,920,227  Ps.26,026,840  Ps.(180,374,350 Ps.(1,752,732,435 Ps.(1,459,882,550 Ps.477,118  Ps.(1,459,405,432
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2018 (Unaudited U.S. dollars)

 U.S.$18,114,427  U.S.$2,221,755  U.S.$50,914  U.S.$—    U.S.$2,333,001  U.S.$1,322,307  U.S.$(9,164,013 U.S.$(89,048,485 U.S.$(74,170,094 U.S.$24,240  U.S.$(74,145,854
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
       2020  2020  2019  2018 
       (Unaudited; U.S.
dollars)
          

Operating activities:

       

Net loss

    U.S. $(25,518,054  (509,052,065  (282,112,024  (180,419,837

Items related to investment activities:

       

Income taxes and duties

     9,302,465   185,572,075   343,823,489   446,612,429 

Depreciation and amortization of Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

     6,498,259   129,631,820   137,187,010   153,382,040 

Amortization of intangible assets

     24,011   478,988   543,372   2,643,326 

Impairment (Reversal of impairment) of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

     1,822,359   36,353,700   31,283,154   (21,418,997

Unsuccessful wells from intangible assets

       

Exploration costs

     421,295   8,404,284   7,990,877   (2,171,218

Capitalized unsuccessful wells

     548,793   10,947,702   71,604,308   15,443,086 

Loss from derecognition of disposal of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

     265,559   5,297,562   2,541,558   16,885,264 

Loss from derecognition of intangible assets

     19,857   396,118   —     —   

Depreciation of rights of use

     362,391   7,229,231   7,429,275   —   

Cancellation of leases

     (55,241  (1,101,987  —    

Gains on disposal of subsidiary companies

     (35,468  (707,533  —     (701,171

Unrealized foreign exchange (income) loss of reserve for well abandonment

     228,370   4,555,692   (258,816  (6,953,200

Profit sharing in joint ventures and associates

     177,482   3,540,533   1,157,893   (1,527,012

Items related to financing activities

       

Unrealized foreign exchange income

     6,640,345   132,466,243   (78,244,974  (19,762,208

Interest expense

     8,109,062   161,765,242   132,861,340   123,869,684 

Interest income

     (839,255  (16,742,048  (29,235,603  (9,520,962
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Funds from operating activities

     7,972,230   159,035,557   346,570,859   516,361,224 

Profit-sharing duty and income tax paid

     (8,640,639  (172,369,522  (347,515,447  (443,785,240

Derivative financial instruments

     (1,091,992  (21,783,819  11,640,873   5,880,442 

Accounts receivable

     (1,020,287  (20,353,395  (8,534,028  (3,429,171

Inventories

     852,664   17,009,543   (649,629  (18,163,638

Other assets

     —     —     —     (530,711

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

     233,316   4,654,346   1,137,483   1,706,268 

Suppliers

     1,154,464   23,030,055   46,561,282   9,887,334 

Provisions for sundry creditors

     111,410   2,222,492   (5,787,614  (5,950,348

Employee benefits

     2,966,125   59,170,346   66,954,701   53,604,884 

Other taxes and duties

     735,790   14,678,059   (25,157,966  26,205,546 
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash flows from operating activities

     3,273,081   65,293,662   85,220,514   141,786,590 

Investing activities:

       

Long-term receivables from the Mexican Government

     —     —     —     2,364,053 

Interest received for long-term receivable from the Mexican Government

     —     —     —     187,615 

Other receivables

     —     —     68,863   1,246,763 

Resources from the sale of subsidiary companies

     6,753   134,716   —     4,078,344 

Other assets

     (180,090  (3,592,553  (710,867  —   

Acquisition of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

     (5,763,636  (114,977,051  (109,653,693  (94,003,596

Interests collected

     46,938   936,350   16,217,132   —   

Intangible assets

     (1,185,095  (23,641,105  (17,220,238  (14,957,093
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash flows used in investing activities

     (7,075,130  (141,139,643  (111,298,803  (101,083,914

Excess cash to apply in financing activities

     (3,802,049  (75,845,981  (26,078,289  40,702,676 

Financing activities:

       

Increase in equity due to Certificates of Contribution “A”

     2,318,748   46,256,000   122,131,000   —   

Long-term receivables from the Mexican Government

     205,659   4,102,622   32,493,666   —   

Interest received for long-term receivable from the Mexican Government

     85,134   1,698,318   6,211,217   —   

Lease payments

     (400,025  (7,979,972  (10,709,421  —   

Interest of lease paid

     (101,803  (2,030,829  —     —   

Loans obtained from financial institutions

     64,572,121   1,288,129,868   1,167,834,946   899,769,012 

Debt payments, principal only

     (57,746,226  (1,151,962,147  (1,185,042,283  (841,033,392

Interest paid

     (6,566,300  (130,989,150  (127,945,203  (115,289,389
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash flows from (used in) financing activities

     2,367,308   47,224,710   4,973,922   (56,553,769
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

     (1,434,741  (28,621,271  (21,104,367  (15,851,093

Effects of foreign exchange on cash balances

     400,496   7,989,421   (186,411  (88,252

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period

     3,038,876   60,621,631   81,912,409   97,851,754 
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period (Note 9)

    U.S. $2,004,631   39,989,781   60,621,631   81,912,409 
    

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS, PRODUCTIVE STATE-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIESPetróleos Mexicanos

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSProductive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018, 2017 AND 2016Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

   2018  2018  2017  2016 
   

(Unaudited;

U.S. dollars)

          

Operating activities

     

Net loss

   (9,166,323  (180,419,837  (280,850,619  (191,144,342

Items related to investment activities

     

Depreciation and amortization

   7,792,655   153,382,040   156,704,513   150,439,491 

Amortization of intangible assets

   134,296   2,643,326   —     —   

(Reversal) impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   (1,088,203  (21,418,997  151,444,560   (331,314,343

Unsuccessful wells

   784,594   15,443,086   6,164,624   29,106,084 

Exploration costs

   (110,310  (2,171,218  (1,447,761  (2,022,826

Loss from derecognition of disposal of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   857,865   16,885,264   17,063,671   3,771,287 

Disposal of held—for—sale current non—financial assets

   —     —     2,808,360   —   

Loss in sale of fixed assets

   —     —     —     27,882,480 

Net loss onavailable-for-sale financial assets

   —     —     3,523,748   —   

Decrease onavailable–for-sale financial assets

   —     —     1,360,205   —   

(Gain) on sale of share in joint ventures and associates

   (35,623  (701,171  (3,139,103  (15,211,039

Impairment of goodwill

   —     —     —     4,007,018 

Effects of net present value of reserve for well abandonment

   (353,261  (6,953,200  7,774,000   11,968,966 

Profit sharing in joint ventures and associates

   (77,581  (1,527,012  (360,440  (2,135,845

Dividends

   —     —     (180,675  (293,397

Items related to financing activities

     

Unrealized foreign exchange (income) loss

   (1,004,029  (19,762,208  (16,685,439  243,182,764 

Interest expense

   6,133,599   120,727,022   117,644,548   98,844,464 

Interest income

   (483,717  (9,520,962  —     —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   3,383,962   66,606,133   161,824,192   27,080,762 

Funds used in operating activities

     

Profit sharing duty and income tax

   22,690,377   446,612,429   375,258,833   311,015,217 

Taxes and duties paid

   (22,546,741  (443,785,240  (372,240,560  (303,593,175

Derivative financial instruments

   298,759   5,880,442   (38,377,961  310,905 

Accounts receivable

   (14,556  (286,509  (27,124,228  (55,104,439

Long-term accounts receivable

   —     —     114,693   (3,277,724

Intangible assets

   —     —     (5,166,184  (19,745,821

Inventories

   (922,813  (18,163,638  (17,966,870  (1,358,878

Other assets

   (26,963  (530,711  (1,972,532  (2,104,985

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

   86,688   1,706,268   4,544,794   3,097,660 

Suppliers

   502,331   9,887,334   (11,694,162  (15,664,703

Provisions for sundry creditors

   (302,311  (5,950,348  (7,266,629  15,585,374 

Employee benefits

   2,723,424   53,604,884   50,065,396   47,293,069 

Other taxes and duties

   1,331,386   26,205,546   (46,601,312  (45,431,344
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash flows from (used in) operating activities

   7,203,544   141,786,590   63,397,470   (41,898,082
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Investing activities

     

Long-term receivables from the Mexican Government

   120,107   2,364,053   —     —   

Resources from the sale of available-for-sale financial assets

   —     —     8,026,836   —   

Interest received for long-term receivable from the Mexican Government

   9,532   187,615   —     —   

Other notes receivable

   63,342   1,246,763   —     —   

Proceeds from the sale of associates

   207,202   4,078,344   3,141,710   22,684,736 

Proceeds from the sale of fixed assets

   —     —     —     560,665 

Business acquisition

   —     —     —     (4,329,769

Acquisition of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   (4,775,902  (94,003,596  (91,859,465  (151,408,481

Intangible assets

   (759,903  (14,957,093  —     —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash flows used in investing activities

   (5,135,622  (101,083,914  (80,690,919  (132,492,849
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Excess cash to apply in financing activities

   2,067,922   40,702,676   (17,293,449  (174,390,931

Financing activities

     

Increase in equity due to Certificates of Contribution “A”

   —     —     —     73,500,000 

Loans obtained from financial institutions

   45,713,234   899,769,012   704,715,468   841,991,767 

Debt payments, principal only

   (42,729,140  (841,033,392  (642,059,819  (614,987,329

Interest paid

   (5,857,338  (115,289,389  (108,910,417  (88,754,141
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net cash flows from financing activities

   (2,873,244  (56,553,769  (46,254,768  211,750,297 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

   (805,322  (15,851,093  (63,548,217  37,359,366 

Effects of foreign exchange on cash balances

   (4,484  (88,252  (2,132,542  16,804,267 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period

   4,971,409   97,851,754   163,532,513   109,368,880 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period (Note 9)

   4,161,603   81,912,409   97,851,754   163,532,513 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
NOTE 1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS, PRODUCTIVE STATE-OWNED SUBSIDIARIES AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018, 2017 AND 2016

(FIGURES STATED IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT AS NOTED)

NOTE 1. STRUCTURE AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS OF PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS, SUBSIDIARY ENTITIES AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Petróleos Mexicanos was created by a decree issued by the Mexican Congress on June 7, 1938. The decree was published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación (“Official Gazette of the Federation”) on July 20, 1938 and came into effect on that date. On December 20, 2013, the Decreto por el que se reforman y adicionan diversas disposiciones de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, en Materia de Energía (Decree that amends and supplements various provisions of the Mexican Constitution relating to energy matters), was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation,Federation. This Decree came into effect on December 21, 2013 and includedincludes transitional articles setting forth the general framework and timeline for implementing legislation relating to the energy sector.

As part of this legal framework, onOn August 11, 2014, the Ley de Petróleos Mexicanos (the(the “Petróleos Mexicanos Law”) was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation. The Petróleos Mexicanos Law became effective on October 7, 2014, except for certain provisions. On December 2, 2014, the Secretaría de Energía (“Ministry of Energy”) published in the Official Gazette of the Federation the declaration pursuant to which the special regime governing Petróleos Mexicanos’ activities relating to productive state-owned subsidiaries, affiliates, compensation, assets, administrative liabilities, state dividend, budget and debt came into effect. On June 10, 2015, the Disposiciones Generales de Contratación para Petróleos Mexicanos y sus Empresas Productivas Subsidiarias (General Contracting Provisions for Petróleos Mexicanos and its productive state-owned subsidiaries) was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and the following day the special regime for acquisitions, leases, services and public works matters came into effect.

Once the Petróleos Mexicanos Law came into effect, Petróleos Mexicanos was transformed from a decentralized public entity to a productive state-owned company. Petróleos Mexicanos is a legal entity empowered to own property and carry on business in its own name with the purpose of carrying out exploration and extraction of crude oil and other hydrocarbons in Mexico. In addition, Petróleos Mexicanos performs activities related tothe United Mexican States (“Mexico”), as well as refining, gas processing, storing, transporting, selling and engineering and research projects to create economic value and to increase the income of the Mexican Government, as its owner, while adhering to principles of equity and social and environmental responsibility.trading in these products.

The Subsidiary Entities, Pemex Exploración y Producción (Pemex (“Pemex Exploration and Production)Production”), Pemex Transformación Industrial (Pemex(“Pemex Industrial Transformation)Transformation”), Pemex Perforación y Servicios (Pemex Drilling and Services), Pemex Logística (Pemex Logistics), (“Pemex Logistics”) and, until January 1, 2021, Pemex Fertilizantes (Pemex Fertilizers) and (“Pemex Etileno (Pemex Ethylene),Fertilizers”) are productive state-owned subsidiaries empowered to own property and carry on business in their own name, subject to the direction and coordination of Petróleos Mexicanos (the “Subsidiary Entities”).

The Subsidiary Entities of Petróleos Mexicanos prior to the Corporate Reorganization (defined below) were Pemex-Exploración y Producción, Pemex-Refinación (Pemex-Refining),Pemex-Gas and Petroquímica Básica(Pemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals) and Pemex-Petroquímica (Pemex-Petrochemicals), which were decentralized public entities with a technical, industrial and commercial nature with their own corporate identity and equity, with the legal authority to own property and conduct business in their own names, and were 100% owned by Petróleos Mexicanos and controlled by the Mexican Government; they had been consolidated into and had the characteristics of subsidiaries of Petróleos Mexicanos.

The Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, in its meeting held on November 18, 2014, approved the Corporate Reorganization proposed by the Director General of Petróleos Mexicanos. Pursuant to the corporate reorganization, the existing four Subsidiary Entities were transformed into two new productive state-owned subsidiaries, which have assumed all of the rights and obligations of the existing Subsidiary Entities. Pemex-Exploration and Production was transformed into Pemex Exploration and Production, a productive state-owned subsidiary, and Pemex-Refining, Pemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals and Pemex-Petrochemicals were transformed into the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Industrial Transformation.

The Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos also approved the creation of the following Subsidiary Entities: Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics, Pemex Cogeneración y Servicios (Pemex Cogeneration and Services), Pemex Fertilizers and Pemex Ethylene (the "Corporate Reorganization"). Each of these productive state-owned subsidiaries may be transformed into an affiliate of Petróleos Mexicanos if certain conditions set forth in the Petróleos Mexicanos Law are met.

On March 27, 2015, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos approved the acuerdos de creación (creation resolutions) of each productive state-owned subsidiary.

On April 28, 2015 the creation resolutions of the seven productive state-owned subsidiaries were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation.

On May 29, 2015 the statements related to the creation resolution of the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Exploration and Production and the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Cogeneration and Services issued by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and, accordingly, these creation resolutions came into effect on June 1, 2015.

On December 29, 2015 and May 12, 2016, modifications to the creation resolution of the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Exploration and Production were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and became effective that same date, respectively.

On July 31, 2015, the statements related to the creation resolution of the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Drilling and Services, the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Fertilizers and the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Ethylene issued by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos were published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and, accordingly, these creation resolutions came into effect on August 1, 2015.

On October 1, 2015, the statement related to the creation resolution of the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Logistics issued by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and, accordingly, these creation resolutions came into effect on October 1, 2015.

On October 6, 2015, the statement related to the creation resolution of the productive state-owned subsidiary Pemex Industrial Transformation issued by the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and, accordingly, these creation resolutions came into effect on November 1, 2015.

On July 13, 2018, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos issued the Declaration of Liquidation and Extinction of Pemex Cogeneration and Services, which was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and became effective on July 27, 2018. As of July 27, 2018, Pemex Industrial Transformation assumed all ofDecember 31, 2020, the assets, liabilities, rights and obligations, and became, as a matter of Mexican law, the successor to Pemex Cogeneration and Services.

The Subsidiary Entities and their primary purposes, are as follows:

 

Pemex Exploration and Production: This entity is in charge of exploration and extraction of crude oil and solid, liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons in Mexico, in the exclusive economic zone of Mexico and abroad.abroad, as well as drilling services and repair and services of wells;

 

Pemex Industrial Transformation: This entity performs activities related to refining, processing, importing, exporting, trading and the sale of hydrocarbons.

Pemex Drillinghydrocarbons, as well as commercializes, distributes and Services: This entity performs drilling servicestrades methane, ethane and repair and services of wells.propylene, directly or through others;

 

Pemex Logistics: This entity provides transportation, storage and related services for crude oil, petroleum products and petrochemicals to PEMEX (as defined below) and other companies, through pipelines and maritime and terrestrial means, and provides guard and management services.services; and

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

Pemex Fertilizers: This entity produces, distributes and commercializes ammonia, fertilizers and its derivatives, as well as provides related services.

Pemex Ethylene: This entity commercializes, distributes and trades methane, ethane and propylene, directly or through others.

Pemex Fertilizers: This entity produces, distributes and commercializes ammonia, fertilizers and its derivatives, as well as provides related services. (see Note 28 “Subsequent events” in connection with the Declaratoria de Extinción de la Empresa Productiva del Estado Subsidiaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, denominada Pemex Fertilizantes (Declaration of Extinction of Pemex Fertilizers) effective as of January 1, 2021).

The principal distinction between the Subsidiary Entities and the Subsidiary Companies (as defined below) is that the Subsidiary Entities are productive state-owned entities, whereas the Subsidiary Companies are affiliate companies that were formed in accordance with the applicable laws of each of the respective jurisdictions in which they were incorporated.

The “Subsidiary Companies” are defined as those companies which are controlled, directly or indirectly, by Petróleos Mexicanos (see Note3-A).Mexicanos.

“Associates,” as used herein, means those companies in which Petróleos Mexicanos has significant influence but not control or joint control over its financial and operating policies (see Note3-A).policies. Petróleos Mexicanos, the Subsidiary Entities and the Subsidiary Companies are referred to collectively herein as “PEMEX.”“PEMEX”.

PEMEX’s address and its principal place of business is: Av. Marina Nacional No. 329, Col. Verónica Anzures, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11300, Ciudad de México, México.

NOTE 2. AUTHORIZATION AND BASIS OF PREPARATION

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 2.

AUTHORIZATION AND BASIS OF PREPARATION

Authorization

On April 30, 2019,May 14, 2021, these consolidated financial statements under IFRS and the notes hereto were authorized for issuance by the following officers: Mr. Octavio Romero Oropeza, Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Alberto Velázquez García, Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Manuel Salvador Cruz Flores,Carlos Fernando Cortez González, Deputy Director of AccountingBudgeting and Tax Matters,Accounting, and Mr. Oscar René Orozco Piliado, Associate Managing Director of Accounting.

These consolidated financial statements and the notes hereto as of December 31, 2018 were approved by the Board of Petróleos Mexicanos on April 23, 2019,are issued pursuant to the terms of Article 13 Fraction VI of the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, Article 104 Fraction III, paragraph a, of the Ley del Mercado de Valores (Securities Market Law), and of Article 33 Fraction I, paragraph a, section 3 and Article 78 of the Disposiciones de carácter general aplicables a las emisoras de valores y a otros participantes del mercado de valores (“General provisions applicable to securities´securities’ issuers and other participants of the securities market”).

Audit appraisal matters are reported to the Audit Committee.

These consolidated financial statements are PEMEX’s first annual consolidated financial statements in whichIFRS 15, Revenue from Contract with Customers(“IFRS 15”) andIFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”) have been applied. Changes to significant accounting policies are described in Note 4.

Basis of accountingpreparation –

A.

A.

Statement of compliance

PEMEX prepared its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

B. Basis of measurement

B.

Basis of accounting

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the historical cost basis method, with the exception of the following items, which have been measured using an alternative basis.

 

ItemITEM

  

Basis of measurementBASIS OF MEASUREMENT

Derivative Financial Instruments (“DFIs”)  Fair Value
DebtAmortized Cost
Employee Benefits  Fair Value of plan assets less present value of the obligation
Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipmentSome components at value in use (defined benefit plan)

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

C. Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

C.

Going concern

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that PEMEX will be able to continue its operations and can meet its payment obligations.obligations for a reasonable period. (See Note24-E)22-F).

D.

D.

Functional and reporting currency

These consolidated financial statements are presented in Mexican pesos, which is both PEMEX’s functional currency and reporting currency, due to the following:

 

i.

The economic environment in which PEMEX operates is Mexico, where the legal currency is the Mexican peso;

 

ii.

The budget through which Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Entities have budgetary autonomy, subject only to maintaining the financial balance (the difference between income and total net spending, including the financial cost of the public debtoperate as entities of the Mexican Government, andincluding the entities directly controlled by the Mexican Government) and the spending cap ofceiling for personnel services, proposed by SHCPis elaborated, approved and approved by the Mexican Congress,exercised in Mexican pesos.

 

iii.

Employee benefits provision was approximately 31%35% and 35%37% of PEMEX’s total liabilities as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively. This provision is computed, denominated and payable in Mexican pesos; and

 

iv.

Cash flows for payment of general expenses, taxes and duties are realized in Mexican pesos.

Although the sales prices of severalcertain products are based on international U.S. dollar-indices, final domestic selling prices are governed by the economic and financial policies established by the Mexican Government. Accordingly, cash flows from domestic sales are generated and received in Mexican pesos.

Mexico’s monetary policy regulator, the Banco de México (“Mexican Central Bank”), requires that Mexican Government entities other than financial entities sell their foreign currency to the Banco de MéxicoMexican Central Bank in accordance with its terms, receiving Mexican pesos in exchange, which is the currency of legal tender in Mexico.

Terms definition

References in these consolidated financial statements and the related notes to “pesos” or “Ps.” refers to Mexican pesos, “U.S. dollars” or “US$”“U.S. $” refers to dollars of the United States of America, “yen” or “¥” refers to Japanese yen, “euro” or “€” refers to the legal currency of the European Economic and Monetary Union, “Pounds“pounds sterling” or “£” refers to the legal currency of the United Kingdom and “Swiss francs” or “CHF” refers to the legal currency of the Swiss Confederation. Figures in all currencies are presented in thousands of the relevant currency unit, except exchange rates and product and share prices.

E.

E.

Use of judgments and estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of estimates and assumptions made by PEMEX’s management that affect the recorded amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of these consolidated financial statements, as well as the recorded amounts of income, costs and expenses during the year. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Significant estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed, and the effects of such revisions are recognized in the years in which any estimates are revised and in any future periods affected by such revision.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Information about estimates, assumptions and critical accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements are described in the following notes:

 

i.

Judgments, assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Note 3-C Financial instruments – Fair Value and expected credit losses

 

Note 3-E Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment – Value in useUseful lifes

 

Note 3-F Intangible assets, wells not assigned to a reserve and oil and natural gas exploration and license, appraisal and development expenditure;expenditure – successful efforts method

 

Note 3-H Impairment ofnon-financial assets – fair values, cash flow estimates and discount rates determination

 

Note 3-K3-I Leases – Early cancellation or renewal options

Note 3-J Provisions - Environmental liabilities and retirement of assets

 

Note 3-L3-K Employee benefits – actuarialActuarial assumptions

 

Note 3-M3-L Income taxes, duties and royalties – recoverably assesmentRecoverability assessment of deferred tax assets

 

Note 3-N3-M Contingencies – probalilityProbability assessment

ii.

Measurement of fair values

Some of PEMEX’sPEMEX’ s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of the fair values of financial assets and liabilities, as well as non-financial assets and liabilities.

PEMEX has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a valuation team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values.

The valuation team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the valuation team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of IFRS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, PEMEX uses market observable data as far as possible. Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

 

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

 

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability might be categorized in different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement.

PEMEX recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

NOTE 3.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

F.

Convenience translations

These consolidated financial statements are presented in Mexican pesos (reporting currency), which is the same as the recording currency and the functional currency of PEMEX. The U.S. dollar amounts shown in the consolidated statements of financial position, the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, the consolidated statements of changes in equity (deficit) and the consolidated statements of cash flows have been included solely for the convenience of the reader and are unaudited. Such amounts have been translated from amounts in pesos, as a matter of arithmetic computation only, at the exchange rate for the settlement of obligations in foreign currencies provided by the Mexican Central Bank and the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (“Ministry of Finance and Public Credit” or “SHCP”) at December 31, 2020 of Ps. 19.9487 per U.S. dollar. Translations herein should not be construed as a representation that the peso amounts have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the foregoing or any other rate.

NOTE 3.

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

PEMEX has consistently applied the following accounting policies to each of the periods presented in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements, except for what is mentioned in Note 4, Accounting changes.changes, splits, adjustments, reclassifications and corrections of non-material errors.

Below is a summary of the principal accounting policies:

 

A.

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Petróleos Mexicanos and those of its subsidiaries over which it has control.

i.

Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by PEMEX. PEMEX “controls” an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date on which control commences until the date on which control ceases.

For more information about the Subsidiary Companies, see Note 5.

 

ii.

Non-controlling interests (NCI)

NCI are measured initially at their proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at the date of acquisition.

Changes in the ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions.

 

iii.

Loss of control

When PEMEX loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognizes the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, and any related NCI and other components of equity. Any resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss. Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured at fair value when control is lost.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

iv.

Interests in equity-accounted investees

PEMEX’s interests in equity-accounted investees comprise interests in associates and a joint venture.

Associates are those entities in which PEMEX has significant influence, but not control or joint control, over the financial and operating policies. A joint venture is an arrangement in which PEMEX has joint control, whereby PEMEX has rights to the net assets of the arrangement, rather than rights to its assets and obligations for its liabilities (joint operation).

Interests in associates and the joint venture are accounted for using the equity method. They are initially recognized at cost, which includes transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, the consolidated financial statements include PEMEX’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income (OCI) of equity accounted investees, until the date on which significant influence or joint control ceases.

When the value of the share of losses exceeds the value of PEMEX’s investment in an associate or joint venture, the carrying value of the investment, including any long-term investment, is reduced to zero and PEMEX ceases to recognize additional losses, except in cases where PEMEX is liable for obligations incurred by those associates and joint ventures.

For more information about associates and joint ventures and associates, see Note 14.12.

 

v.

Transactions eliminated on consolidation

Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealized income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the PEMEX interest in the investee. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

 

B.

Foreign currency

 

i.

Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currencies of PEMEX companies at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date.Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined.Non-monetary items that are measured based on

historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency differences are generally recognized in consolidated statements of comprehensive income and presented within foreign exchange.

Foreign currency differences arising from

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the translation of investmentconsolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in equity are designated at fair value in OCI. For 2017,available-for-sale equity investments are recognized in OCI (except for impairment, in which case foreign currency differences that have been recognized in OCI are reclassified to profit or loss).thousands, except as noted)

 

ii.

Foreign operation

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries and associates are translated into the reporting currency by first identifying if the functional currency is different from the currency for recording the foreign operations, and, if so, the recording currency is translated into the functional currency and then into the reporting currency using theyear-end exchange rate of each period for assets and liabilities reported in the consolidated statements of financial position; the historical exchange rate at the date of the transaction for equity items; and the weighted average exchange rate at the date of the yeartransaction for income and expenses reported in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Foreign currency differences are recognized in OCI and accumulated in the currency translation effect, except to the extent that the translation difference is allocated to NCI.

When a foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant influence or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as part of the gain or loss on disposal. If PEMEX disposes of part of its interest in a subsidiary but retains control, then the relevant portionproportion of the cumulative amountsamount is reattributed to NCI. When PEMEX disposes of only part of an associate or joint venture while retaining significant influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.profit or loss.

 

C.

Financial instruments

 

i.

Recognition and initial measurement

Financial assets and liabilities, including accounts receivable and payable, are initially recognized when these assets are contractually originated or acquired, or when these liabilities are contractually issued or assumed.

Financial assets and financial liabilities (unless it is an account receivable or account payable without a significant financing component) are measured and initially recognized at fair value, in the case of financial assets or liabilities not measured at fair value with changes through OCI, plus the transaction costs directly attributable to acquisition or issuance, when subsequently measured at amortized cost. An account receivable or account payable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price. If PEMEX determines that the fair value at the initial recognition differs from the transaction price, PEMEX shall recognize the difference between the fair value at initial the recognition and the transaction price in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

 

ii.

Classification and subsequent measurement

Financial Assets- Applicable policy beginning January 1, 2018Assets –

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at: Amortized Cost; Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (“FVTOCI”)-debt investment; FVTOCI–equity investment; or FVTPL.Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (“FVTPL”).

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless PEMEX changes its business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the first reporting period following the change in the business model.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

FINANCIAL ASSETS:ASSETS

  

MEASUREMENT:MEASUREMENT

Amortized Costcost  

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

 

•   it is held within a business model that has the objective of holding assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

 

•   its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt investment  

A debt instrument is measured at FVTOCI only if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

 

•   it is held within a business model that has the objective of both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and

 

•   its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Equity investment  On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, PEMEX may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value in OCI. This election is made on aninvestment-by-investment basis.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTOCI (as described above) are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets (see Note 19)18). On initial recognition, PEMEX may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as FVTPL, if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets -assets: Business model assessment: Applicable policy beginning January 1, 2018assessment –

PEMEX makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:

 

the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice, which include whether management’s strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of any related liabilities or expected cash outflows or realizing cash flows through the sale of the assets;

 

how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to PEMEX management;

 

the risk that affects the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed;

 

how managers of the business are compensated (e.g., whether compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or the contractual cash flows collected); and

 

the frequency, volume and timing of sales in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Transfers of financial assets to third parties in transactions that do not qualify for derecognition are not considered sales for this purpose, consistent with PEMEX’s continuing recognition of the assets.

Financial assets that are held for trading or managed and the performance of which is evaluated on a fair value basis are measured at FVTPL.

Financial Asset -Asset: Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest: Applicable policy beginning January 1, 2018interest –

For the purposes of this assessment, principal is defined as the fair value of the financial assets on initial recognition.

Interest is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during the relevant period of time and for the basic lending risks and costs (e.g., liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as profit margin.

In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, PEMEX considers the contractual terms of the instrument, which includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, PEMEX considers:

 

contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows;

 

terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable rate features;

 

prepayment and extension features; and

 

terms that limit PEMEX’s claim to cash flows from specified assets (for example,non-recourse features).

A prepayment feature is consistent solely with the payments of principal and interest criterion if the prepayment amount substantially represents unpaid amounts of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, which may include reasonable additional compensation for early termination of the contract. Additionally, for a financial asset acquired at a significant discount or premium to its contractual par amount, a feature that permits or requires prepayment at an amount that substantially represents the contractual par amount plus accrued (but unpaid) contractual interest (which may also include reasonable additional compensation for early termination) is treated as consistent with this criterion if the fair value of the prepayment feature is insignificant at initial recognition.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Financial assets –assets: Subsequent measurement and gain and losses: Applicable policy beginning January 1, 2018losses –

 

Financial assets at FVTPL  Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value and changes therein, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.
Financial assets at amortized cost  These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in profit or loss.
Debt investments at FVOCI  These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to profit or loss.
Equity investments at FVOCI  These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognized as income in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI and are never reclassified to profit or loss.

Financial assets - Applicable policy before January 1, 2018

Financial instruments are classified as: (i) financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss; (ii) financial instruments held to maturity;(iii) available-for-sale financial assets; (iv) investments in equity instruments; (v) loans and receivables; and (vi) DFIs. PEMEX determines the classification of its financial instruments at the time of initial recognition.

The following are the policies applicable before January 1, 2018 of the financial instruments operated by PEMEX on that date:

Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss

A financial instrument is measured at fair value through profit or loss if it is classified as held for trading or designated as such upon initial recognition. Financial assets are designated at fair value through profit or loss if PEMEX manages such investments and makes purchase and sale decisions based on their fair value in accordance with PEMEX’s documented risk management or investment strategy. In addition, directly attributable transaction costs are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year. These financial instruments are recognized at fair value and corresponding changes relating to dividend income are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Available-for-sale financial assets

Until January 1, 2018,available-for-sale financial assets werenon-DFIs that were designated asavailable-for-sale or were not classified in any of the previous categories. PEMEX’s investments in certain equity securities and debt securities were classified asavailable-for-sale financial assets.Available-for-sale financial assets were recognized initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequent to initial recognition,available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value. In addition, any gains or losses associated with such instruments, as well as foreign exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive results and presented in the fair value reserve in equity. When an investment is derecognized, any gains or losses accumulated in the equity are reclassified to profit or loss.

Sales and purchases of financial assets that require the delivery of such assets within a period of time established by market practice are recognized as of the negotiation date (the date on which PEMEX commits to purchase or sell the asset).

Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are initially recognized at fair value. After initial recognition, loans and debt securities that bear interest are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (“EIR”) method, less impairment losses.

The amortized cost is calculated based on any discount or premium on acquisition and fees and costs that are an integral part of the EIR method. Amortization of costs is included under the heading of financing cost in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Derivative financial instruments

The DFIs presented in the consolidated statement of financial position are valued at fair value. In the case of derivatives for trading purposes, changes in fair value are taken directly to profit or loss for the period. In the case of derivatives formally designated and classified as DFIs for hedging purposes, they are accounted for following the fair value or cash flow hedge accounting model.

Embedded derivatives

PEMEX evaluates the potential existence of embedded derivatives, which may be found in the terms of its contracts, or combined with other host contracts, which could be structured financial instruments (debt or equity instruments with embedded derivatives). Embedded derivatives have terms that implicitly or explicitly meet the characteristics of a DFI. In some instances, these embedded derivatives must be segregated from the underlying contracts and measured, recognized, presented and disclosed as DFIs, such as when the economic risks and terms of the embedded derivative are not clearly and closely related to the underlying contract.

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as FVTPL if it is classified asheld-for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in profit or loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognized in profit or loss.

 

iii.

Derecognition

Financial assets

PEMEX derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which PEMEX neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset.

PEMEX enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized in its statement of financial position but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets. In these cases, the transferred assets are not derecognized.

Financial liabilities

PEMEX derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expired. PEMEX also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value.

On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid (including anynon-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognized in profit or loss.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

iv.

Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount is presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, PEMEX has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

 

v.

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

PEMEX uses DFIs to hedge the risk exposure in foreign currency, interest rate and the price of commodities related to its products. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met.

DFIs are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, DFIs are measured at fair value, and changes therein are generally recognized in profit or loss.

However, theseThese contracts are not accounted as designated hedging instruments. DFIs are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and after initial recognition are measured again at fair value. DFIs are accounted for as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as a financial liability when the fair value is negative. Any gain or loss arising from changes in the fair value of the DFIs is recognized directly in the income statement.

vi.

Impairment - Applicable policy beginning January 1, 2018

Financial instruments and contract assets

PEMEX recognizes loss allowances for Estimated Credit Losses (“ECLs”) on:

 

financial assets measured at amortized cost;

 

debt investments measured at FVOCI; and

 

contract assets.

PEMEX measures loss allowances at an amount equal to lifetime ECL, except for the following, which are measured as12-month ECLs:

 

debt securities that are determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date; and

 

other debt securities and bank balances for which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default occurring over the expected life of the financial instrument) has not increased significantly since initial recognition.

Loss allowances for trade receivables and contract assets are always measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECL.

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating ECL, PEMEX considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on PEMEX’s historical experience and informed credit assessment which includes forward-looking information.

PEMEX assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly if it does not comply with the terms established in the contract.

PEMEX considers a financial asset to be in default when the borrowerdebtor is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to PEMEX in full, without recourse by PEMEX to actions such as realizing securityguarantee redemption (if any is held).

PEMEX considers that a debt instrument has a low credit risk, when its credit rating is classified as “investment grade”. The investment grade classification is based on minimum credit ratings of Baa3 (Moody’s) andBBB- (S & P&P and Fitch), as well as its equivalent in other rating agenciesagencies.

Lifetime ECLs are the credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

12-month ECLs are the portion of ECLs that result from default events that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months).

The maximum period considered when estimating ECLs is the maximum contractual period over which PEMEX is exposed to credit risk.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Measurement of ECLs

ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (for example, the difference between the cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that PEMEX expects to receive).

ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset.

Credit-impaired financial assets

At each reporting date, PEMEX assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt securities at FVOCI are credit-impaired. A financial asset is ‘credit-impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data:

 

significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;

 

a breach of contract such as a default or being more than 90 days past due;

 

the restructuring of a loan or advance by PEMEX on terms that it would not consider otherwise;

 

it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; or

 

the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.

��

the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.

Presentation of allowance for ECL in the statement of financial position

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.

For debt securities at FVOCI, the loss allowance is charged to profit or loss and is reclassified from OCI.

Write-off

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partiallywhen PEMEX has no reasonable expectation of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. In the case of individual customers, PEMEX’s policy is to cancel the gross carrying amount when the financial asset has met the uncollectibility report as established in full)the PolíticasGenerales y Procedimientos para CancelarAdeudos (Procedure to write-off financial assets). For corporate customers, PEMEX individually makes an assessment with respect to the extent thattiming and amount of write-off based on whether there is no realistic prospecta reasonable expectation of recovery. This is generally the case when PEMEX determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to thewrite-off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the PEMEX’s procedures for recovery of amounts due.

Impairment of financial assets - Policy applicable before January 1, 2018

At each reporting date, PEMEX evaluates whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired, in which case the value of the recoverable amount of the asset is calculated. A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset.

Objective evidence that a financial asset or group of assets is impaired includes significant financial difficulty of the issuer or obligor, a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments; the lender, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, granting the borrower a concession that the lender would not otherwise consider; it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties; or observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows. Impairments by asset are:

Impairment of financial assets carried at amortized cost

The impairment of financial assets carried at amortized cost is measured as the difference between the assets’ carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. The amount of the loss shall be recognized in profit or loss.

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, the impairment loss previously recognized shall be reversed in profit or loss.

Impairment in available–for–sale financial assets

In addition, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of an investment in an available–for–sale equity instrument is also objective evidence of impairment.

When there is objective evidence of the impairment of an asset, the accumulated loss recognized in OCI shall be reclassified from equity to profit or loss even though the financial asset has not been derecognized.

If, in a subsequent period, the impairment loss decreases, the reversal shall be reflected as a reversal in OCI.

 

D.

Inventories and cost of sales

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined based on the cost of production or acquisition of inventory and other costs incurred in transporting such inventory to its present location and in its present condition, using the average cost formula.method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated selling costs. The estimate takes into consideration, among other things, the decrease in the value of inventories due to obsolescence.

Cost of sales represents the cost of production or acquisition of inventories at the time of sale, increased, where appropriate, by declines in net realizable value of inventories during the year.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Advance payment to suppliers for inventory purchases are recognized as part of inventory when the risks and benefits of the ownership of the inventory have been transferred to PEMEX.

E.

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

 

i.

Recognition and measurement

Items of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment are recorded at acquisition or construction cost, which includes capitalized borrowing cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

Initial costs of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost, which includes their original purchase price or construction cost, any costs attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use and the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located, including the estimated cost of plugging and abandoning wells.

The cost of financing projects that require large investments and financing incurred for projects, net of interest revenues from the temporary investment of these funds, is recognized as part of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment when the cost is directly attributable to the construction or acquisition of a qualifying asset. The capitalization of these costs is suspended during periods in which the development of construction is interrupted, and its capitalization ends when the activities necessary for the use of the qualifying asset are substantially completed. All other financing costs are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income in the period in which they are incurred.

The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labor, interest on financing and any other costs directly attributable to start up. In some cases, the cost also includes the present value of the costs of plugging of wells and removal.removal at present value.

Expenditures related to the construction of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment during the stage prior to commissioning are stated at cost as intangible assets or construction in progress, in accordance with the characteristics of the asset. Once the assets are ready for use, they are transferred to the respective component of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment and depreciation or amortization begins.

If significant parts of an item of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

The capitalized value of finance leases is also included in the line item of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment.

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment is recognized in profit or loss.

Advance payments for the acquisition of pipelines, properties, plant and equipment are also recognized in the line item of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment when the risks and benefits of the ownership have been transferred to PEMEX.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

ii.

Subsequent expenditure

The costs of major maintenance or replacement of a significant component of an item of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment are recognized in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the component will flow to PEMEX and its cost can be measured reliably. The costs of recurring maintenance, repairs and renovations of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment carried out to maintain the facilities in normal operation conditions are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

 

iii.

Depreciation

Depreciation and amortization of capitalized costs in wells are determined based on the estimated economic life of the field to which the wells belong, considering the relationship between the production of barrels of oil equivalent for the period and proved developed reserves of the field, as of the beginning of the period, with quarterly updates for new development investments.

Depreciation of other elements of pipelines, properties, plant and equipment is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset, beginning as of the date that the asset is available for use, or in the case of construction, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use.

Properties,Until December 2018, properties, plant and equipment acquired through financial leases arewere depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the asset.

The estimated useful lives of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment for current and comparative periods are described in Note 15.13.

Estimated useful lives of items of properties, plant and equipment are reviewed and updated prospectively if expectations differ from previous estimates.

 

F.

Intangible assets and oil and natural gas exploration and license, appraisal and development expenditure

Intangible assets mainly include expenditure on the exploration for and evaluation of oil and natural gas resources,right-of-way and easements and licenses software.

 

i.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured at the time the initial cost ofrecognition at their acquisition is recognized.cost. After the initial recognition, intangible assets are measuredvalued at their acquisition cost, lessless: (i) accumulated amortization, measured usingunder the straight-line method during the estimated useful life of the intangible asset and (ii) accumulated impairment.impairment losses.

Rights-of-way and easements andSubsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure is recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Software licenses software are amortized over the lesser of their contract period or over the remaining life of the fixed asset or property to which they pertain.are associated.

The estimated useful lives of elements of intangible assets for current and comparative periods are described in Note 15.14.

The estimated useful lives and residual values of intangible assets are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if appropriate.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

ii.ii.

Wells not assigned to a reserve, oil and natural gas exploration, appraisal and development expenditure

a.

Wells not assigned to a reserve

Wells not assigned to a reserve mainly include drilling, evaluation and development costs for oil and natural gas, and rights-of-way.

b.

Oil and natural gas exploration, and license, appraisal and development expenditureexpenditures

Oil and natural gas exploration, appraisalevaluation and development expenditure isexpenses are accounted for using the principles of the successful efforts method of accounting, as described below.below:

Successful Efforts Method –

Pemex Exploration and Production applies IFRS 6 - Exploration and Evaluation of Mineral Resources, which allows an entity to develop an accounting policy for exploration and evaluation assets. Therefore, Pemex Exploration and Production uses the method of successful efforts, which requires a cause and effect relationship between the costs incurred and the recognition of specific reserves. Generally, if a cost is incurred without an identifiable future benefit, it is charged to expenses.

Before PEMEX is able to determine the accounting treatment of a cost, it must be classified as a property acquisition, exploration, development or production cost.

Exploration and appraisal expenditure

Geological and geophysical exploration costs including topographic costs, geological studies, property access rights, remuneration and expenses of geologists and geophysicists are recognized as an expensecharged to expenses as incurred.

Costs directly associated with an exploration well, other than the costs mentioned in the preceding paragraph, are initially capitalized as an intangible asset (wells not assigned to a reserve) until the drilling of the well is complete and the results have been evaluated. These costs include employee remuneration,compensation, materials and fuel used, rigplatform costs and payments made to contractors.

If potentially commercial quantities of hydrocarbons are not found, the exploration well costs are written off against profit or loss. If hydrocarbons are found and, subject to further appraisaladditional assessment activity, are likely to be capable of commercial development, the costs continue to be carried as an asset. If it is determined that development will not occur, then the costs are expensed against profit or loss.

Costs directly associated with appraisalthe evaluation activity undertakenperformed to determine the size, characteristics and commercial potential of a reservoir followingreserve after the initial hydrocarbon discovery, of hydrocarbons, including the costs of appraisalevaluation of wells where no hydrocarbons were not found, are initially capitalized as an intangible asset.asset (wells not assigned to a reserve). When proved reserves of oil and natural gas are determined and development is approved by management, the relevant expenditure is transferred to wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment.

Exploration wells more than 12 months old are expensedrecognized as an expense unless: (a)(i) they are in an area requiring mayormajor capital expenditure before production can begin, (ii) commercially productive quantities of reserves have been found, and (iii) they are subject to further exploration or appraisal activity, in that, either drilling or additional exploration wells isare underway or firmly planned for the near future.future or (b) proved reserves are recorded within 12 months of completion of the exploratory drilling.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

PEMEX periodically assesses the amounts included within fixed assets to determine whether capitalization is initially appropriate and can continue. Exploration wells capitalized beyond 12 months are subject to additional scrutiny as to whether the facts and circumstances have changed and therefore whether the conditions described in the preceding paragraph no longer apply.

Development expenditure

Expenditure on the construction, installation and completion of infrastructure facilities such as platforms, pipelines and the drilling of development wells, including service and unsuccessful development or delineation wells, is capitalized within wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment and is depreciated from the commencement of production as described in the accounting policy for wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment.

Exploration –

Exploration includes all expenses related to the search for oil and / or gas reserves, including depreciation and applicable costs of supporting equipment and facilities, and the costs of drilling exploratory wells and exploratory stratigraphic wells. Some exploration costs are charged directly to expenses when they occur, such as the costs of maintaining unexploited properties, since such costs do not increase the possibilities that said lands contain proven reserves. The costs of geologists, topographers and geophysicists, including wages and other related expenses, are also charged directly to expenses when they occur because they do not represent the acquisition of an identifiable asset since these studies represent research expenses.

All costs for drilling exploratory wells are capitalized and classified as wells, pipelines, property, plant and equipment, not associated with a reserve, until it is determined whether or not a well has proven reserves. Once the exploratory wells are completed, the future treatment of these costs is determined.

Development –

Development costs are associated with previously discovered proven reserves, with previously known future benefits. Therefore, all costs incurred in development activities must be capitalized.

Development includes all costs incurred in creating a system of productive wells, related equipment, and facilities in proven reserves so that oil and / or gas can be extracted. Developmental costs are related to specific proven reserves. The cost of building roads to gain access to proven reserves is a development cost, as is the cost of providing facilities for the extraction, treatment, collection and storage of oil and / or gas. Developmental costs also include depreciation and operating costs of equipment and facilities used in developmental activities. Likewise, non-productive development wells are capitalized, since they are considered as a cost of creating the total production system for proven reserves.

Production –

Production includes the costs incurred to raise oil and / or gas to the surface, its collection, treatment, processing and field storage.

The production function ends in the storage tank of the production field or, in exceptional circumstances, at the first point of delivery of the oil and / or gas to the main line, refinery, marine terminal or common transport.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

G.

Crude oil and natural gas reserves

Under Mexican law, all crude oil and other hydrocarbon reserves located in the subsoil of Mexico are owned by the Mexican nation and not by PEMEX. In accordance with the aforementioned and based on the applicable regulation as of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the reserves assigned to PEMEX by the Mexican Government are not registered for accounting purposes because they are not PEMEX’s property. PEMEX estimates total proved oil and natural gas reserve volumes in accordance with the definitions, methods and procedures established in Rule4-10(a) of RegulationS-X (“Rule4-10(a)”) of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), as amended, and where necessary, in accordance with the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (the “SPE”) as of February 19, 2007. These procedures are consistent with international reserves reporting practice. The estimation of these reserves depends on assumptions made and the interpretation of the data available and may vary among analysts. The results of drilling activities, test wells and production after the date of estimation are utilized in future revisions of reserves estimates.

Although PEMEX does not own the oil and other hydrocarbon reserves within Mexico, these procedures allow PEMEX to record the effects that such oil and other hydrocarbon reserves have on its consolidated financial statements, including, for example, in the depreciation and amortization line item.

 

H.

Impairment ofnon-financial assets

The carrying amounts of PEMEX’snon-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred taxes, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. If the net carrying value of the asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds the recoverable amount, PEMEX records an impairment charge in its consolidated statement of comprehensive income.profit or loss.

A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group of assets which can generate cash flows independently from other assets or groups of assets.

The recoverable amount of an asset or a cash-generating unitCash-Generating Unit (“CGU”) is defined as the higher of its fair value minus the costs of disposal and its value in use. The value in use is the discounted present value of the net future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. In measuring value in use, the discount rate applied is thepre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Fair value is calculated using discounted cash flows determined by the assumptions that market participants would apply in order to estimate the price of an asset or cash generating unit,CGU, assuming that such participants were acting in their best economic interest.

In the case of cash-generating assets or items dedicated to the exploration and evaluation of hydrocarbons reserves, the recoverable amount is determined using the value in use based on the proved reserves and probable reserves, in some cases, for the risk factor associated with such reserves.

Both impairment losses and reversals are recognized in the statement of comprehensive income in the costs and expenses line items in which the depreciation and amortization are recognized. Impairment losses may not be presented as part of the costs that have been capitalized in the value of any asset. Impairment losses related to inventories are recognized as part of cost of sales. Impairment losses on investments in associates, joint ventures and other investments are recognized as profit (loss) sharing in associates.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

An impairment loss shall be reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used since the date when the impairment loss was recognized. These reversals will not exceed the carrying value of the asset as though no impairment had been recognized. Impairment losses and reversals are presented in a separate line item in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

 

I.

Leases

PEMEX has applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach and therefore the comparative information for 2018 has not been restated and continues to be reported under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4. The determinationdetails of accounting policies under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4 are disclosed separately.

Policy applicable after January 1, 2019

At the inception of a contract, PEMEX assesses whether an agreementa contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, PEMEX uses the definition of a lease in IFRS 16.

As a lessee

At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, PEMEX allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone prices. However, PEMEX has elected for some leases not to separate non-lease components and to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

PEMEX recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to PEMEX by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that PEMEX will exercise a purchase option. In that case, the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability. Useful lives are shown in Note 17.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, PEMEX’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, PEMEX uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

PEMEX determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external financing sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;

variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;

amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and

the exercise price under a purchase option that PEMEX is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if PEMEX is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless PEMEX is reasonably certain not to terminate early.

The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in PEMEX’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if PEMEX changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revised in-substance fixed lease payment.

When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

PEMEX presents separately the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in the statement of financial position.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets –

PEMEX has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases. PEMEX recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Policy applicable before January 1, 2019 –

For contracts entered into before January 1, 2019, PEMEX determined whether the arrangement was or contained a lease based on the economic substanceassessment of whether:

fulfilment of the agreement at the date of execution. An agreement contains a lease if performance under the agreement depends uponarrangement was dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets, or if assets; and

the agreement grantsarrangement had conveyed a right to use the asset. An arrangement conveyed the right to use the asset.asset if one of the following was met:

the purchaser had the ability or right to operate the asset while obtaining or controlling more than an insignificant amount of the output;

the purchaser had the ability or right to control physical access to the asset while obtaining or controlling more than an insignificant amount of the output; or

facts and circumstances indicated that it was remote that other parties would take more than an insignificant amount of the output, and the price per unit was neither fixed per unit of output nor equal to the current market price per unit of output.

Petróleos Mexicanos

FinanceProductive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

As a lessee –

As a lessee, PEMEX classified leases which transfer to PEMEXthat transferred substantially all the inherent benefits and risks of the risks and rewards of ownership as finance leases. When this was the case, the leased property, are capitalizedassets were measured initially at the date the lease commences, and the value is recorded asan amount equal to the lower of thetheir fair value of the leased property and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Payments onMinimum lease payments were the payments over the lease are divided betweenterm that the financial costslessee was required to make, excluding any contingent rent. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets were accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to that asset.

Assets held under other leases were classified as operating leases and the amortization of the remaining debt principal in order to achieve a constant effective interest rate for the outstanding liability. The financing costs arewere not recognized in the consolidatedPEMEX’s statement of comprehensive income.

Operating lease payments arefinancial position. Payments made under operating leases were recognized as expenses in the consolidated statement of comprehensive incomeprofit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received were recognized as an integral part of the total lease and variable rent payments are recognized inexpense, over the operating results on an accrued basis.term of the lease.

 

J.

Assetsheld-for-sale

Non-current assets, or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities, are classified asheld-for-sale if it is highly probable that they will be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use.

Such assets, or disposal groups, are generally measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Any impairment loss on a disposal group is allocated first to goodwill, and then to the remaining assets and liabilities on a pro rata basis, except that no loss is allocated to inventories, financial assets, deferred tax assets, employee benefit assets, investment property or biological assets, which continue to be measured in accordance with PEMEX’s other accounting policies. Impairment losses on initial classification asheld-for-sale orheld-for-distribution and subsequent gains and losses on remeasurement are recognized in profit or loss.

Once classified asheld-for-sale, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are no longer amortized or depreciated, and any equity-accounted investee is no longer equity accounted.

K.

Provisions

Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at apre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognized as finance cost.

PEMEX recognizes provisions when, as a result of a past event, PEMEX has incurred a legal or assumed present obligation for which a future disbursement is probable and the value of such disbursement is reasonably estimable. In certain cases, such amounts are recorded at their present value.

Environmental liabilities

In accordance with applicable legal requirements and accounting practices, an environmental liability is recognized when the cash outflows are probable and the amount is reasonably estimable. Disbursements related to the conservation of the environment that are linked to revenue from current or future operations are accounted as expenses or assets, depending on the circumstances of each disbursement. Disbursements related to past operations, which no longer contribute to current or future revenues, are accounted for as current period expenses.

The accrual of a liability for a future disbursement occurs when an obligation related to environmental remediation, for which PEMEX has the information necessary to determine a reasonable estimated cost, is identified.

Retirement of assets

The obligations associated with the future retirement of assets, including those related to the retirement of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment and their components are recognized at the date that the retirement obligation is incurred, based on the discounted cash flow method. The determination of the fair value is based on existing technology and regulations. If a reliable estimation of fair value cannot be made at the time the obligation is incurred, the accrual will be recognized when there is sufficient information to estimate the fair value.

The obligations related to the costs of future retirement of assets associated with the principal refining processes for gas and petrochemicals are not recognized. These assets are considered to have an indefinite useful life due to the potential for maintenance and repairs.

The abandonment costs related to wells currently in production and wells temporarily closed are recorded in the statement of comprehensive income based on the units of production method. Total cost of abandonment and plugging fornon-producing wells is recognized in the statement of comprehensive income at the end of each period.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

All estimations are based on the useful lives of the wells, considering their discounted present value. Salvage values are not considered, as these values commonly have not traditionally existed.

L.K.

Employee benefits

 

i.

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid if PEMEX has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.

 

ii.

Defined contribution plans

Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are expensed as the related service is provided. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

 

iii.

Defined benefit plan

PEMEX’s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligations is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for PEMEX, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. To calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any applicable minimum funding requirements.

RemeasurementsNew remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognized immediately in OCI. PEMEX determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the net defined benefit liability (asset) at such time, taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. PEMEX recognizes gains and losses from the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

 

iv.

Other long-term employee benefits

PEMEX’s net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value. RemeasurementsNew remeasurements are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

v.

Termination benefits

Termination benefits are expensed at the earlier of when PEMEX can no longer withdraw its offer of those benefits and when PEMEX recognizes costs for a restructuring. If benefits are not expected to be settled in full within 12 months of the reporting date, then they are discounted.

M.L.

Income taxes, duties and royalties

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in OCI.

The interest and penalties related to income taxes, including uncertain tax treatments, do not meet the definition of income taxes, and are therefore accounted for under IAS 37 “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.”

 

i.

Current income tax

Current income tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Current tax also includes any tax arising from dividends.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.

 

ii.

Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for:

 

temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss;

 

temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that PEMEX is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

 

taxable temporary differences arising from the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognize a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business plans of PEMEX. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized. Such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.

Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which PEMEX expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.

 

iii.

Duties, royalties and considerations

Duties

PEMEX is subject to taxes and special duties, which are based on the value of hydrocarbons extracted, with certain deductions.

These taxes and duties are recognized in accordance with IAS 12, “Income Taxes” (IAS 12), when they have the characteristics of income tax, which occurs when such taxes are set by a government authority and are determined based on a formula that considers the balance of income (or extraction valued at a selling price) less expenses. Taxes and duties that meet thisthese criteria should beare recognized for current and deferred income tax based on the above paragraphs. Taxes and duties that do not meet thisthese criteria are recognized as liabilities, affecting thein costs and expenses relating to the transactions that gave rise to them.

Royalties and considerations

Royalties and considerations are payable pursuant to license agreements. These royalties are recognized as liabilities and affect the items of costs and expenses related to the operations that gave rise to them. See note 15.

 

N.M.

Contingencies

Contingency losses are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount thereof can be reasonably estimated. When a reasonable estimation cannot be made, qualitative disclosure is provided in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Contingent revenues, earnings or assets are not recognized until realization is assured.

 

O.N.

Fair value

‘Fair value’ is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or, in its absence, the most advantageous market to which PEMEX has access at that date. The fair value of a liability reflects itsnon-performance risk.

A number of PEMEX accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial andnon-financial assets and liabilities (see Note 8).

When one is available, PEMEX measures the fair value of an instrument using the quoted price in an active market for that instrument. A market is regarded as ‘active’ if transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

If there is no quoted price in an active market, then PEMEX uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The chosen valuation technique incorporates all of the factors that market participants would take into account in pricing a transaction.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

If an asset or a liability measured at fair value has a bid price and an ask price, then PEMEX measures assets and long positions at the bid price and liabilities and short positions at the ask price.

The best evidence of the fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price (i.e., the fair value of the consideration given or received)received in a third-party transaction). If PEMEX determines that the fair value on initial recognition differs from the transaction price and the fair value is evidenced neither by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability nor based on a valuation technique for which any unobservable inputs are judged to be insignificant in relation to the measurement, then the financial instrument is initially measured at fair value, adjusted to defer the difference between the fair value on initial recognition and the transaction price. Subsequently, that difference is recognized in profit or loss on an appropriate basis over the life of the instrument but no later than when the valuation is fully supported by observable market data or the transaction is closed out.

 

P.O.

Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer. PEMEX initially applied IFRS 15 as of January 1, 2018. Information about accounting policies relatingrecognizes revenue when it transfers control over a good or service to contracts with customers and the effect of initially applying IFRS 15 is described ina customer (see Note4-A) 7).

 

Q.P.

Operating segments

Operating segments are identifiable components of PEMEX that pursue business activities from which PEMEX earns revenues and incurs expenses and for which information is available to management on a segmented basis and is assessed by the Board of Directors in order to allocate resources and assess the profitability of the segments.

 

R.Q.

Presentation of consolidated statements of comprehensive income

Costs and expenses shown in PEMEX’s consolidated statements of income are presented based on their function, which allows for a better understanding of the components of PEMEX’s operating income. This classification allows for a comparison to the industry to which PEMEX belongs.

 

i.

Operating profit

Operating profit is the result generated from the continuing principal revenue-producing activities of PEMEX as well as other income and expenses related to operating activities. Operating profit excludes net finance costs, share of profit of equity-accounted investees and income taxes.

taxes and duties.

Revenues

Represents revenues from the sale orof products or services.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales represents the acquisition and production costs of inventories, depreciation, amortization, salaries, wages and benefits, a portion of the cost of the reserve for employee benefits and operating expenses related to the production process, production taxes and duties, exploration costs,non-operating costs, among others.

Other revenues (expenses), net

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Other revenues (expenses), netand other expenses –

Other revenues and other expenses consist primarily of income and expenses that are not related directly to the operation of PEMEX.

Transportation, distribution and sale expenses

Transportation, distribution and sale expenses are costs in connection with the storage, sale and delivery of products, such as the depreciation and operating expenses associated with these activities.

Administrative expenses

Administrative expenses are costs related to PEMEX’s areas that provide administrative support.

 

ii.

Financing income and financing cost and derivative financial instruments income (cost), net

Financing income

Financing income is comprised of interest income, financial income and other income from financial operations between PEMEX and third parties.

Financing cost

Financing cost is comprised of interest expenses, commissions and other expenses related to PEMEX’s financing operations less any portion of the financing cost that is capitalized.

When calculating interest income and expenses, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset has no credit impairment) or, to the amortized cost of the liability.liability or to the present value lease liabilities. However, for financial assets with credit impairment after initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate at the amortized cost of the financial asset. If the asset ceases to be impaired, the interest income calculation returns to the gross base.

Derivative financial instruments income (cost), net

Includes the result of changes in the fair faluevalue of derivative financial instruments.

NOTE 4. ACCOUNTING CHANGES AND RECLASSIFICATIONS

NOTE 4.

ACCOUNTING CHANGES, SPLITS, ADJUSTMENTS, RECLASSIFICATIONS AND CORRECTIONS OF NON-MATERIAL ERRORS-

 

A.

Accounting changes

AsAccounting changes as of January 1, 2018, PEMEX adopted IFRS 15 and IFRS 9.2020

i.

IFRS 15

IFRS 15 establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is recognized. It replaces existing revenue recognition guidance, including IAS 18 Revenue, IAS 11 Construction Contracts, IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programs and IFRIC 15 Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate.

PEMEX adopted IFRS 15 using the modified retrospective transition method at January 1, 2018. Under this transition method, comparative information has not been restated and continues to be presented under IAS 18, IAS 11 and related interpretations. AsThe following new standards were effective as of January 1, 2018, no significant uncompleted contracts were identified, so there was no impact2020, but they did not have a material effect on thePEMEX’s consolidated financial statements due to the initial adoption of the standard.

Under IFRS 15, revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. PEMEX recognizes revenue when it transfers control over a product or service to a costumer.

In the case of comparative periods, revenue was measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Revenue from the sale of goods was recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership had been transferred to the customer, recovery of the consideration was probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods could be estimated reliably. Revenue from rendering of services was recognized in proportion to the stage of completion of the work performed at the reporting date.

The details of the main impacts generated by the adoption of IFRS 15 are the following:

a.

Nature of revenues of products and services

For a description of the nature and sources of PEMEX’s primary revenues, see Note 6.statements:

 

Crude oil salesAmendments to References to Conceptual Framework in IFRS Standards.

Nature, performance obligations and timing of revenue recognition

Export sales of crude oil are based on delivery terms established in contracts or orders. All sales are performed by the Free on Board International commercial term (“FOB” Incoterm). Therefore, revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the crude oil has transferred to the customer, which occurs when the product is delivered at the point of shipping. Invoices are generated at that time and are mostly payable within the deadlines established in contracts or orders.

Determination and allocation of the transaction price

The price of the product is determined based on a market components formula and, with respect to crude oil, in accordance with the provisions of the Hydrocarbon Trading Strategies Management.

For international market crude oil sales, revenue is recognized with a provisional price, which undergoes subsequent adjustments until the product has arrived at the port of destination. There may be a period of up to 2 months in determining the final sale price, such as in the case of sales to the European market, the Middle East and Asia.

Crude oil sale contracts consider possible customers’ claims due to product quality, volume or delays in boarding, which are estimated in the price of the transaction.

Therefore, due to the implementation of IFRS 15, the main impacts on revenue recognition with respect to the previous year are as follows:

IFRS 15

IAS 18

For orders that have variations in price, revenue is adjusted on the closing date of each period. The subsequent variations in the fair value at the different reporting dates are recognized according to IFRS 9For orders that have variations in price, revenue was adjusted upon the product’s arrival at its final destination and the final price is defined.
Revenue is measured initially estimating the variable compensations such as quality and volume claims, delays in boarding etc.A decrease in revenue was recognized when quality and volume claims, or other variable compensations were known.

Sale of petroleum products

Nature, performance obligations and timing of revenue recognition

Refined products and their derivatives are sold within the national market. TheComisión Federal de Electricidad (Federal Electricity Commission, or “CFE”) purchases a significant portion of the fuel oil production, whileAeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares (the Airports and Auxiliary Services Agency) purchases most of the jet fuel. The most important refined products are gasoline and diesel.

Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer, which occurs either at the point of shipping or when it is delivered at the customer’s facilities. Therefore, transportation fees can be included in the price of sale of the product and are considered partDefinition of a single performance obligation since transportation is rendered before control is transferred.

Determination and allocation of the transaction price

The price is determined based on the price at the point of delivery, adding the price of the services rendered (freight, handling of jet fuel, etc.) with the provisions and terms established by theComisión Reguladora de Energía (Energy Regulatory Commission or “ERC”). There are penalties for delivery failures and/or payment obligations, as well as quality and volume claims, which are known days after the transaction.

Therefore, dueBusiness (Amendments to the implementation of IFRS 15, the main impacts on revenue recognition with respect to the previous year are as follows:3).

IFRS 15

IAS 18

For all petroleum products, there is only one performance obligation that includes transport and handling services to the point of delivery.Transportation and handling services were recognized as a separate service income, on the basis of prices established in the service orders. However, service income was also recognized at the point of delivery.
Revenue is measured initially estimating the variable compensations such as quality and volume claims, etc.A decrease in revenue was recognized at the time quality and volume claims, or other variable compensations were known.

 

SalesDefinition of natural gas

The sale of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha, butane, ethane and some other petrochemicals such as methane derivatives, ethane derivatives, aromatics and derivatives are mainly carried out in the domestic market.

Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer, which occurs when it is delivered at the customer’s facilities. Therefore, transportation fees can be included in the price of sale of the product and are considered part of a single performance obligation since transportation is rendered before control is transferred.

Determination and allocation of the transaction price

The transaction price is established at the time of sale, including the estimation of variable considerations such as capacity, penalties, extraordinary sales not included in contracts, adjustments for quality or volume claims, and incentives for the purchase of products; which are known days after the transaction.

Therefore, due to the implementation of IFRS 15, the main impacts on revenue recognition with respect to the previous year are as follows:

IFRS 15

IAS 18

There is only one performance obligation that includes transport and handling services to the point of delivery.Natural gas supply, transportation and fuel capacity were considered as performance obligations. Sales of natural gas were recorded as sale of products while the amount charged to customers for transportation and fuel capacity was recognized as other revenue at the point of delivery.
Revenue is measured initially estimating the variable compensations as quality and volume claims, etc.A decrease in revenue was recognized at the time quality and volume claims, or other variable compensations were known

Drilling services

PEMEX provides drilling, termination and repair of wells services, as well as the execution of well services. The services are provided in accordance with the purchase orders which include the price of the transaction at the date of the service. There are adjustment clauses for quality or volume claims or incentives for the purchase of products, which are known after the transaction.

Therefore, due to the implementation of IFRS 15, the main impacts on the recognition of income with respect to the previous year are as follow:

IFRS 15

IAS 18

If the customer can benefit from the different services within the same service order but separately, each service will be considered as a performance obligation.

If the customer cannot benefit separately and the service is considered as a whole, the service order will be considered as a single performance obligation.

Income was recognized when all services within the same service order have been completed, so the entire service order was considered a performance obligation.
The price of the transaction is estimated, considering the prices established in the service orders at the date of sale and variable compensations are estimated, such as penalties fornon-delivery, quality claims, etc.Income was recognized for sale of services. Subsequently, a decrease in income for quality and volume claims was recognized separately as it was known.
Price is not distributed when there is a performance obligation, except, when there is more than one performance obligation, in which case, the price of the transaction will be assigned according to the service price established in the service order.The price is determined according to the service order as performance obligation.
Income is recognized at a point in time, when the service is rendered.Income was recognized on a monthly straight line basis, regardless of whether the service had been rendered.

Logistics services

PEMEX provides transport for hydrocarbons, oil and petrochemicals, through transport strategies by employing pipelines and offshore and onshore resources, as well as the sale of capacity for its storage and management. The prices are established in the contracts, which also include penalties.

Therefore, due to the implementation of IFRS 15, the main impacts on the recognition of income with respect to the previous year are as follow:

IFRS 15

IAS 18

In the case of the contract with CENAGAS, operation and maintenance services for a period of one year are considered a performance obligation; any additional maintenance will be considered a separate performance obligation.

For all the other contracts with third parties, in cases where within the same service order there are transportation and storage services, there could exist more than one performance obligation, depending on the term of the service.

All services were recognized as a single performance obligation.

The final price is estimated as follows:

For CENAGAS, the price of the transaction is considered based on the prices established in the contract and in the service orders for each additional maintenance.

For all other contracts, the price of the transaction is considered based on the prices established in the service orders.

In all cases, variable compensations are estimated such as penalties fornon-compliance with delivery, quality and volume claims, etc.

The sale of the service was recorded at the price of the sale date without the terms of the contract and a decrease in income was recognized at the time the claims for quality and volume were known.
Price is not distributed when there is a performance obligation, except, when there is more than one performance obligation, in which case, the price of the transaction will be assigned according to the service price established in the service order.The price is determined according to the service order as performance obligation.
Income is recognized at a point in time, when the service is rendered.Income was recognized on a monthly straight line basis, regardless of whether the service had been rendered.

Other products

Ethylene receives revenues from sales of methane, ethane and propylene products, as well as fertilizers and their derivatives. Most sales are made in the domestic market. The sale and delivery of the product are made at the same time and because they are FOB, transportation fees are included in the price of sale of the product.

The transaction price is established at the time of sale, including the estimation of variable considerations such as capacity, penalties, extraordinary sales not included in contracts, adjustments for quality or volume claims, and incentives for the purchase of products; which are known days after the transaction. In the case of fertilizers and their derivatives, there are three types of prices, the list price, the retail customer price (which represents a discount compared to the list price) and the wholesale customer price (which represents a discount compared to the retail customer price).

Therefore, due to the implementation of IFRS 15, the main impacts on the recognition of income with respect to the previous year are as follow:

IFRS 15

IAS 18

There is only one performance obligation that includes transportation for delivery to destination.An income was recognized for the sale of the products and another for the transportation.
The price of the product is estimated on the date of sale and considered as variable compensations such as quality and volume claims, etc.The sale is recorded with the price at the time of the sale and delivery of the product and subsequently a decrease in income is recognized at the time quality and volume claims were known.
There is only one performance obligation so the price is not distributed.The sale of product, freight and other services had their own prices.

ii.

IFRS 9

In July 2014, the IASB finalized the accounting reform of financial instruments and issued IFRS 9 which contains: (a) the requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, (b) the requirements for the impairment methodology, and (c) general information about hedge accounting. IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement” (“IAS 39”) as of its effective date.

PEMEX has adopted IFRS 9 issued in July 2014 with a date of initial application of January 1, 2018. The requirements of IFRS 9 represent a significant change from IAS 39.

The nature and effects of the key changes to PEMEX’s accounting policies resulting from its adoption of IFRS 9 are summarized below.

As a result of the adoption of IFRS 9, PEMEX adopted consequential amendmentsMaterial (Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements which requires impairment of financial assets to be presentedand IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in a separate line item in the statement of profit or lossAccounting Estimates and OCI. Previously, PEMEX’s approach was to include the impairment of trade receivables in other expenses.

Classification of financial assets and financial liabilitiesErrors).

The interest rate benchmark reform amendments retrospectively to hedging relationships.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Accounting changes as of January 1, 2019

a.

IFRS 16 “Leases” (“IFRS 16”)

In January 2016, the IASB published IFRS 916, which replaced IAS 17, “Leases” and related interpretations, including IFRIC 4 “Determining whether an Arrangement contains three principal classification categoriesa Lease” (“IFRIC 4”).

From January 1, 2019, PEMEX applied IFRS 16 for financial assets: measured at amortized cost, FVOCIthe first time. Several other amendments and FVTPL. The classification of financial assets under IFRS 9 is generally basedinterpretations began to apply for the first time in 2019, but do not have a material impact on the businessconsolidated financial statements of PEMEX.

IFRS 16 introduces a single, on balance sheet accounting model in whichfor lessees. A lessee recognizes a financialright-of-use asset is managedrepresenting its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its contractual cash flow characteristics.obligation to make lease payments. There are recognition exemptions for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. Lessor accounting remains similar to previous accounting policies.

PEMEX applied IFRS 9 eliminates16 initially on January 1, 2019 using the previous IAS 39 categoriesmodified retrospective approach. There was no impact on retained earnings because as of trading, heldJanuary 1, 2019 the rights of use and the lease liability were for the same amount (in addition to maturity, loans and receivables and available for sale. Under IFRS 9, derivatives embedded in contracts where the host is a financial asset in the scopereclassification of the standard are never separated. Instead, the hybrid financial instrument as a whole is assessed for classification.

With respect to financial liabilities, the current classification and measurement criteria under IAS 39 have been transferred to IFRS 9, including the criteria for using the fair value option. The only change contemplated by IFRS 9 in relation to financial liabilities is related to liabilities designated at FVTPL. Changes in the fair value of such financial liabilities attributable to changes in the entity’s own credit risk will be presented in OCI instead of in the period’s results. The adoption of IFRS 9 has not had a significant effect on PEMEX’s accounting policies for financial liabilities.

Impairment of financial assets

IFRS 9 replaces the “incurred loss” model in IAS 39 with an ECL model. The new impairment model applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, contract assets and debt investments at FVOCI, but not to investments in equity instruments. Under IFRS 9, credit losses arepreviously recognized earlier than under IAS 39.

Hedge accounting

PEMEX, as part of the initial adoption of, and as permitted under, IFRS 9, elected to continue applying the hedge accounting requirements of IAS 39, instead of those included in IFRS 9. PEMEX uses DFIs to hedge the risk exposure in foreign currency, interest rate and the price of commodities related to its products. However, these contracts are not accounted as designated hedging instruments. DFIs are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and after initial recognition are measured again at fair value. DFIs are accounted for as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as a financial liability when the fair value is negative. Any gain or loss arising from changes in the fair value of the DFIs is recognized directly in the income statement. This policy applies tofinance leases). Accordingly, the comparative information presented infor 2018 has not been restated and 2017.

Transition

PEMEX has defined January 1, 2018it is presented, as the initial date of adoption of IFRS 9previously reported, under IAS 17 and according to the transitional standard in IFRS 9, PEMEX will not restate previous periods for comparison purposes and any difference that may arise as a resultrelated interpretations. The details of the adoptionchanges in accounting policies are disclosed below.

i. Definition of IFRS 9 between the previous carrying amount and the carrying amounta lease

Previously, PEMEX determined at the beginning of the reporting period shall be recognized in accumulated results over the opening initial period.

Classification and measurement

The following table sets forth the original measurement categoriescontract inception whether an arrangement was or contained a lease under IAS 39 andIFRIC 4. PEMEX now assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease based on the new measurement categoriesdefinition of a lease under IFRS 916. Under IFRS 16, a contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys a right to control the use of an identified asset for each classa period of PEMEX’s financial assets at January 1, 2018.time in exchange for consideration.

Financial

Assets

  

Classification

IAS 39

  

Classification

IFRS 9

  

Carrying

amount

IAS 39

   

Carrying

amount

IFRS 9

 

Cash and equivalents

  

Loans and receivables

  

FVTPL

  Ps.97,851,754   Ps.97,851,754 

Account receivables short term – net

  

Loans and receivables

  

Amortized Cost

   170,645,234    *170,670,191 

Equity instruments

  

Financial assets available for sale

  

FVTOCI

   1,056,918    1,056,918 

Derivative financial instrument

  

FVTPL

  

FVTPL

   30,113,454    30,113,454 

Account receivables long term – net

  

Loans and receivables

  

Amortized Cost

   148,492,909    *148,492,909 

Total financial assets

  Ps. 448,160,269   Ps.448,185,226 

*

Short-term accounts receivable, which were classified as loans and items receivable under IAS 39, are now classified at amortized cost. An increase of Ps. 24,957 was recognized in the allowance for impairment for these receivables in accumulated results as of January 1, 2018 when theOn transition to IFRS 9 was made.

Impairment

PEMEX has concluded that the financial assets most affected by the impairment estimate under the ECL model will be its accounts receivables, in relation to PEMEX’s holding of the long-term notes issued by the Mexican Government. The evaluation of the possible impairment of the notes was made using the general approach for calculating impairment contemplated under IFRS 9. The evaluation does not have material effects.

16, PEMEX considers it probable that impairment losses increase and present more volatility for instruments under the new ECL model. Furthermore, PEMEX considers that most of its accounts receivable are short-term without a significant financial component. Accordingly, PEMEX has elected to apply the simplified approach.

PEMEX considers thatpractical expedient to adopt the applicationdefinition of lease at the impairment requirementstime of transition. This means it applied IFRS 9 as of December 31, 2017 did not significantly impact the reserves as of16 to all contracts entered into before January 1, 2018.2019 and identified as leases in accordance with IAS 17 and IFRIC 4. The adjustment asdefinition of January 1, 2018 of the reserves of financial assets in comparison with impairment losses incurreda lease under IAS 39 was approximately Ps. 24,957.

Interpretation of IFRIC 22Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Considerations (“IFRIC 22”)

As of December 2016, the IASB published an interpretation of IFRIC 22 developed by the International Financial Reporting Standards Interpretations Committee (the Interpretations Committee). The interpretation clarified whenIFRS 16 has been applied only to recognize payments and collections of foreign currency transactions paid in advance due the fact that it observed some diversity in practice regarding these transactions.

The interpretations recognized foreign currency transactions when:

i.

there is consideration that is denominated or priced in a foreign currency;

ii.

the entity recognizes a prepayment asset or a deferred income liability in respect of that consideration, in advance of the recognition of the related asset, expense or income; and

iii.

the prepayment asset or deferred income liability isnon-monetary.

The Interpretations Committee concluded that:

The date of the transaction, for the purpose of determining the exchange rate, is the date of initial recognition of thenon- monetary prepayment assetcontracts entered into or deferred income liability.

If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, a date of transaction is established for each payment or receipt.

IFRIC 22 is effective for annual reporting periods beginningmodified on or after January 1, 2018. Entities may apply2019.

ii. As a lessee

PEMEX recognizes assets and liabilities for its operating leases, which primarily consist of transportation and railway equipment, docks, hydrogen supply plants, electric power and steam gas storage facilities.

As a lessee, PEMEX previously classified leases as operating or finance leases based on its assessment of whether the rule retrospectively, or prospectively,lease transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. Under IFRS 16, PEMEX recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for most leases, and these leases are on-balance sheet.

PEMEX has elected not to recognize right-of-use and lease liabilities for some leases of short-term leases. PEMEX recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in accordance with IAS 8, withthousands, except as noted)

Significant accounting policy –

PEMEX recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, and subsequently at cost less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and adjusted for certain exemptions.remeasurements of the lease liability.

The adoptionlease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, PEMEX’s incremental borrowing rate. PEMEX uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The lease liability is subsequently measured as increased by the interest cost on the lease liability and decreased by lease payments made. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee or, as appropriate, changes in the assessment of whether a purchase or extension option or reasonably certain to be exercised or a termination option is reasonably certain not to be exercised.

PEMEX has applied judgement to determine the lease term for some lease contracts in which it is a lessee that include renewal options. The assessment of whether PEMEX is reasonably certain to exercise such options impacts the lease term, which significantly affects the amount of lease liabilities and right-of-use assets recognized.

Transition –

Previously, PEMEX classified a number of leases as operating leases under IAS 17. These leases included transportation and railway equipment, docks, hydrogen supply plants, electric power and steam gas storage facilities. The leases typically ran for a period of up to 20 years. Some leases included an option to renew the lease for an additional 5 years or an undefined term after the end of the non-cancellable period.

At transition, for leases classified as operating leases under IAS 17, lease liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted at PEMEX’s incremental borrowing rate as at January 1, 2019. Right-of-use assets are measured at an amount equal to the lease liability, adjusted by the amount of any prepaid or accrued lease payments. PEMEX applied this interpretationapproach to all operating leases.

PEMEX used the following practical expedients when applying IFRS 16 to leases previously classified as operating leases under IAS 17:

Applied the exemption not to recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases with less than 12 months of lease term.

Excluded initial direct costs when measuring the right-of-use asset at the date of initial application.

Used hindsight when determining the lease term if the contract contains options to extend or terminate the lease.

PEMEX leases certain production equipment that were classified as finance leases under IAS 17. For these leases, the carrying amount of the right-of use asset and the lease liability at January 1, 2019 were determined at the carrying amount of the lease asset and lease liability under IAS 17 immediately before that date.

PEMEX reclassified intangible assets to rights of use of the rights of way that they had registered in that concept until December 31, 2018.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

iii. Impacts on financial statements

Impact in the transition –

On transition to IFRS 16 (effective as of January 1, 2019), PEMEX recognized additional right-of-use assets and additional lease liabilities. The impact on transition is summarized below.

Total
Right of use assetsPs. 72,760,580*
Lease liabilityPs. 70,651,797

*

Includes the reclassification of rights of way that were presented as intangible assets. The liability is not recognized due to prepayments made.

When measuring lease liabilities for leases that were classified as operating leases, PEMEX discounted lease payments using its incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019. The weighted-average rate applied was 7.7%.

2019

Operating lease commitment at December 31, 2018

Ps. 62,723,909

Undisclosed leases in 2018 Financial statements

40,186,551

Operating lease commitment

102,910,460

Operating lease commitment discounted using the incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019

Ps. 65,608,174

Lease liabilities from financial leases previously recognized up to December 31, 2018

6,053,280

Recognition exemption for:

Short-term leases

(1,009,657

Lease liabilities recognized at January 1, 2019

Ps. 70,651,797

Some other accounting standards were effective as of January 1, 2019 but did not have anya significant impact on thePEMEX’s consolidated financial statements.

 

B.

Reclassifications and correction of non-material errors

The followingPEMEX reclassified certain non-material amounts asreported in the statement of financial position and statement of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2017 were reclassified2019 and 2018 to conform their presentation to the statement of financial position and statement of comprehensive income for 2018:2020.

The reclassifications were as follows:

   2017 

Line item

  As previously
reported
   Reclassification   Following
Reclassification
 

Accounts receivable, net(i)

  Ps. 170,645,234   Ps. (2,522,206  Ps. 168,123,028 

Short-term notes receivable(i)

   —      2,522,206    2,522,206 

Intangible assets(ii)

  Ps.9,088,563   Ps.5,590,077   Ps.14,678,640 

Other assets(ii)

   11,485,177    (5,590,077   5,895,100 

 

(i)i.

Due to the fact that Short-term notesTo report other accounts receivable are now presented in atwo separate line ítem, figures for 2017 were recclassified from Accounts receivable, net.items, other financing receivables and other non-financing receivables.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

(ii)ii.

DueTo reclassify insurance, from other non-current assets to the fact that intangible assets are now presented in a separate line ítem, figures for 2017 were recclassified from Otherother current assets.

NOTE 5.

iii.

To reclassify derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net to finance income and finance cost.

The correction of non-material error was the following:

iv.

During 2020, PEMEX detected errors in certain costs and expenses used for the determination of the value in use of certain CGUs in the exploration and production segment as of December 31, 2019. This resulted in a different value in use in some CGUs and thus, an increase in the value of wells, pipelines, plants and platforms as of December 31, 2019 in the amount of Ps. 65,799,060 and a favorable impact in the results of operation of PEMEX for 2019, for the same amount.

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Line item

  Note       2019 Previously
Reported
  Reclassification  Adjustment of
non-material
error
   2019
Updated
 

Other accounts receivable (i)

     Ps.    91,241,811   (91,241,811  —      —   

Other financing receivables

   10-B      —     31,416,091   —      31,416,091 

Other non-financing receivables

   10-B      —     59,825,720   —      59,825,720 

Other current assets (ii)

       346,563   2,482,670   —      2,829,233 
      

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

       340,552,371   2,482,670   —      343,035,041 
      

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

       1,211,749,502   —     65,799,060    1,277,548,562 

Other assets(ii)

       7,136,677   (2,482,670  —      4,654,007 
      

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-current assets

       1,577,895,649   (2,482,670  65,799,060    1,641,212,039 
      

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated deficit from prior years

       (1,933,106,785  —     —      (1,933,106,785

Net loss for the year

       (347,289,362  —     65,799,060    (281,490,302
      

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity (deficit)

       (1,997,208,362  —     65,799,060    (1,931,409,302
      

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive income

Line item

      2019
Previously
Reported
   Reclassification   Adjustment of
non-material
correction
   2019
Updated
 

Cost of sales

   Ps.    1,122,933,424    —      —      1,122,933,424 

(Impairment) reversal of impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

     (97,082,214   —      65,799,060    (31,283,154
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cost of sales, net

     1,220,015,638    —      65,799,060    1,154,216,578 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Finance income

     24,483,706    4,751,897    —      29,235,603 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net

     (18,512,026   (4,751,897   —      (23,263,923
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Sum of financing (costs) net, derivative instruments (cost) and foreign exchange gains, net

     (39,959,272   —      —      (39,959,272
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

     (347,911,084   —      65,799,060    (282,112,024
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive income

Line item

      2018
Previously
Reported
   Reclassification   2018
Updated
 

Finance cost

   Ps.    (120,727,022   (3,142,662   (123,869,684

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net

     22,258,613    3,142,662    (19,115,951
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Sum of financing (costs) net, derivative instruments (cost) and foreign exchange gains, net

     (87,769,033   —      (87,769,033
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

     (180,419,837   —      (180,419,837
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consolidated Statement of cash flows

Line item

      2019
Previously
Reported
   Reclassification   Adjustment of
non-material
correction
   2019
Updated
 

Net loss

   Ps.    (347,911,084   —      65,799,060    (282,112,024

(Impairment) reversal of impairment) deterioration of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

     97,082,214    —      (65,799,060   31,283,154 

Interest income

     (24,483,706   (4,751,897   —      (29,235,603
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Funds from operating activities

     351,322,756    (4,751,897   —      346,570,859 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

     (13,285,925   4,751,897    —      (8,534,028
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows from operating activities

     85,220,514    —      —      85,220,514 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consolidated Statement of cash flows

Line item

      2018
Previously
Reported
   Reclassification   2018
Updated
 

Interest expense

     120,727,022    3,142,662    123,869,684 

Funds from operating activities

     513,218,562    3,142,662    516,361,224 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

     (286,509   (3,142,662   (3,429,171
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flows from operating activities

     141,786,590    —      141,786,590 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 5.

SUBSIDIARY ENTITIES AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the Subsidiary Entities consolidated in these financial statements include Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex CogenerationLogistics and Services (until July 27, 2018, see Note 1),Pemex Fertilizers. Former Subsidiary Entities Pemex Drilling and Services Pemex Logistics, Pemex Fertilizers and Pemex Ethylene.Ethylene were also consolidated in these financial statements until June 30, 2019 and Pemex Cogeneration and Services was also consolidated in these financial statements until July 27, 2018.

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the consolidated Subsidiary Companies are as follows:

 

  

PEP Marine DAC.DAC (PEP DAC)(i)(xi)(vii)(x)

 

  

P.M.I. Services B.V. (PMI SHO)(i)(iv)

 

  

P.M.I. Holdings B.V. (PMI HBV)(i)(vi)(ix)(xiv)

 

  

P.M.I. Trading DAC (PMI DAC)Trading) (i)(xii)

PEMEX Internacional España, S. A. (PMI SES)(i)(iv)(ix)(xiii)

 

  

P.M.I. Holdings Petróleos España, S. L. (HPE)(i)(ix)(x)

 

  

P.M.I. Services North America, Inc. (PMI SUS)(i)

P.M.I. Holdings North America, Inc. (PMI HNA)(i)(v)(ix)(xii)

 

  

P.M.I. Norteamérica, S. A.S.A. de C. V.C.V. (PMI NASA)(i)(ix) (x)

 

  

P.M.I. Comercio Internacional, S. A.S.A. de C. V.C.V. (PMI CIM)(i)(ii) (x)

 

  

P.M.I. Field Management Resources,PMI Campos Maduros SANMA, S. L. (FMR)(i)(vii)

P.M.I. Campos Maduros SANMA, S. de R. L. de C. V. (SANMA)

Pro-Agroindustria, S. A. de C. V. (AGRO)

P.M.I. Azufre Industrial, S. A. de C. V. (PMI AZIND)R.L. de C.V. (SANMA) (ix) (x)

 

  

P.M.I. InfraestructuraPro-Agroindustria, S.A. de Desarrollo, S. A. de C. V. (PMI ID)C.V. (AGRO) (i)(ix) (x)

 

  

P.M.I. Cinturón Transoceánico Gas Natural, S. A.PTI Infraestructura de C. V. (PMI CT)Desarrollo, S.A. de C.V. (PTI ID) (i)(iii) (ix) (x)

 

  

P.M.I.PMI Cinturón Transoceánico Gas Natural, S.A. de C.V. (PMI CT) (i)(v)

PMI Transoceánico Gas LP, S. A.S.A. de C. V.C.V. (PMI TG)(i)(v)

 

  

P.M.I. Servicios Portuarios Transoceánicos, S. A.nico, S.A. de C. V.C.V. (PMI SP)(i)(ix) (x)

 

  

P.M.I. Midstream del Centro, S. A.S.A. de C. V.C.V. (PMI MC)(i)(viii)

 

PEMEX Procurement International, Inc. (PPI)

Pemex Procurement International, Inc. (PPI) (ix)(xii)

 

  

Hijos de J. Barreras, S. A. (HJ BARRERAS)(ii) (vi)

 

  

PEMEXPemex Finance Ltd.Limited (FIN)(x)(ix)(xvi)

Mex Gas Internacional, S. L. (MGAS)

Pemex Desarrollo e Inversión Inmobiliaria, S. A. de C. V. (PDII)

Kot Insurance Company, AG. (KOT)

PPQ Cadena Productiva, S.L. (PPQCP)

III Servicios, S. A. de C. V. (III Servicios)

 

  

PM.I.Mex Gas Internacional, S.L. (MGAS) (ix) (x)

Pemex Desarrollo e Inversión Inmobiliaria, S.A. de C.V. (PDII) (ix) (x)

Kot Insurance Company AG. (KOT) (ix)(xv)

PPQ Cadena Productiva, S.L. (PPQCP) (ix) (x)

III Servicios, S.A. de C.V. (III Servicios) (ix) (x)

PMI Ducto de Juárez, S. de R.L. de C.V. (PMI DJ)(i) (ix) (x)

 

  

PMX Cogeneración Internacional, S.L. (MG COG)Fertilizantes Holding, S.A de C.V. (PMX FH)(viii) (ix) (x)

 

  

PMX Cogeneración S.A.P.I.Fertilizantes Pacífico, S.A. de C.V. (PMX COG)FP) (viii)(ix) (x)

 

PMX Fertilizantes Holding, S.A de C.V. (PMX FH)

PMX Fertilizantes Pacífico, S.A. de C.V. (PMX FP)

Grupo Fertinal (GP FER)

Grupo Fertinal, S.A. de C.V. (GP FER) (ix) (x)

 

  

Compañía Mexicana de Exploraciones, S.A. de C.V. (COMESA)(ii) (x)

 

  

P.M.I.P.M.I Trading Mexico,México, S.A. de C.V. (TRDMX)(iii)(i) (ix) (x)

 

  

Holdings Holanda Services, B.V. (HHS)(vi)(ix)(xiv)

 

i.

i.   Member Company of the “PMI Subsidiaries”.

ii.

ii.  Non-controlling interest company.company (98.33% in PMI CIM and 60.0% in COMESA).

iii.

iii.   As of January 2017, this company started operations and was included in the consolidated financial statements of PEMEX.Formerly P.M.I. Infraestructura de Desarrollo, S.A. de C.V. until March 5, 2019. On May 30, 2019 these shares were transferred to Pemex Industrial Transformation.

iv.

iv.   As of February 2017, this company merged with HPE.

v.  As of June 2017, this company merged with SUS.

vi.   As of October 2017, PMI HBV was divided, and HHS was created and included in the consolidated financial statements of PEMEX.

vii.  This company was liquidated in 2017.December 2019.

v.

These companies were merged into PMI NASA in 2020.

vi.

viii.  As of December 2017, PEMEX acquired shares in these companies and they wereMay 2020, this company is not included in the consolidated financial statements of PEMEX.consolidation (see Note 22-G).

vii.

ix.   As of August 2018, thisThis company was consolidated by MGAS.liquidated in August 2020.

viii.

This company was liquidated in April 2020.

ix.

x.  On December 17, 2018 PEMEX aquiredowns 100.0% of the total sharesinterests in this company and asSubsidiary Company

x.

Operates in México

xi.

Operates in Spain

xii.

Operates in United States of December 31, 2018 this company is no longer part of thenon-controlling interest.America

xiii.

xi.   Formerly P.M.I. Marine DAC until August, 2018Operates in Ireland

xiv.

Operates in Netherlands

xv.

xii.  Formerly P.M.I. Trading Ltd until August, 2018.Operates in Switzerland

xvi.

Operates in Cayman Islands

NOTE 6. Segment

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial informationstatements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 6.

SEGMENT FINANCIAL INFORMATION

PEMEX’s primary business is the exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the production, processing, marketing and distribution of petroleum and petrochemical products. After the Corporate Reorganization,As of December 31, 2020, PEMEX’s operations have beenwere conducted through ninesix business segments: Exploration and Production, Industrial Transformation, Cogeneration and Services (until July 27, 2018, see Note 1), Drilling and Services, Logistics, Ethylene, Fertilizers, the Trading Companies and Corporate and Other Operatingother operating Subsidiary Companies. Until June 30, 2019, PEMEX’s operations were also conducted through the additional two business segments: Drilling and Services (merged into Pemex Exploration and Production as of July 1, 2019) and Ethylene (merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation as of July 1, 2019). Prior to July 27, 2018, PEMEX’s operations were also conducted through the Cogeneration and Services business segment (liquidated company as of July 27, 2018). Due to PEMEX’s structure, there are significant amounts of inter-segment sales among the reporting segments, which are made at internal transfer prices established by PEMEX that are intended to reflect international market prices.

The primary sources of revenue for PEMEX’s business segments are as described below:

 

The exploration and production segment earns revenues from domestic sales of crude oil and natural gas, and from exporting crude oil through certain of the Trading Companies. ExportCrude oil export sales are made through the agent subsidiary company PMI CIM, to approximately 3019 major customers in various foreign markets. Approximately half of PEMEX’s crude oil is sold to Pemex Industrial Transformation.

 

The industrial transformation segment earns revenues from sales of refined petroleum products and derivatives, mainly to third parties within the domestic market. This segment also sells a significant portion of the fuel oil it produces to the Comisión Federal de Electricidad (Federal Eletricity Commission, or “CFE”) and a significant portion of jet fuel produced to the Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares (Airports and Auxiliary Services Agency). The refining segment’s most important products are different types of gasoline and diesel.

The industrial transformation segment earns revenues from sales of refined petroleum products and derivatives, mainly to third parties within the domestic market. This segment also sells a significant portion of the fuel oil it produces to the CFE and a significant portion of jet fuel produced to the Airports and Auxiliary Services Agency. The refining segment’s most important products are different types of gasoline and diesel.

The industrial transformation segment also earns revenues from domestic sources generated by sales of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha, butane and ethane and certain other petrochemicals such as methane derivatives, ethane derivatives, aromatics and derivatives.

The cogeneration segment received income from the cogeneration, supply and sale of electricity and thermal energy and also provides technical and management activities associated with these services. During 2018 this company did not generate income. This entity was liquidated on July 27, 2018 (see Note 1).

The drilling segment receives income from drilling services, and servicing and repairing wells.

 

The logistics segment earns income from transportation and storage of crude oil, petroleum products and petrochemicals, as well as related services, which it provides by employing pipelines and offshore and onshore resources, and from providing services related to the maintenance, handling, guarding and management of these products.

 

The ethylene segment earns revenues from the distribution and trade of methane, ethane and propylene in the domestic market.

The fertilizers segment earns revenues from trading ammonia, fertilizers and its derivatives, mostly in the domestic market.market (merged as of January 1, 2021, see Note 28-E).

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

The trading companies segment, which consist of PMI CIM, PMI NASA, PMI Trading and MGAS (the “Trading Companies”), earnearns revenues from trading crude oil, natural gas and petroleum and petrochemical products in international markets.

 

The segment related to corporate and other operatingthe Subsidiary Companies provides administrative, financing, consulting and logistical services, as well as economic, tax and legal advice andre-insurance services to PEMEX’s subsidiary entities and companies.

The drilling segment receives income from drilling services, and servicing and repairing wells. This entity was merged into Pemex Exploration and Production on July 1, 2019.

The ethylene segment earns revenues from the distribution and trade of methane, ethane and propylene in the domestic market. This entity was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation on July 1, 2019.

The following tables present the condensed financial information of these segments, after elimination of unrealized intersegment gain (loss), and include only select line items. The columns before intersegment eliminations include unconsolidated figures. As a result, the line items presented below may not total. These reporting segments are those which PEMEX’s management evaluates in its analysis of PEMEX and on which it bases its decision-making.

These reporting segments are presented in PEMEX’s reporting currency.

As of/for the year
ended December 31,
2018

 Exploration and
Production
  Industrial
Transformation
  Cogeneration
and

Services (1)
  Drilling and
Services
  Logistics  Fertilizers  Ethylene  Trading
Companies
  Corporate and
Other Operating
Subsidiary
Companies
  Intersegment
eliminations
  Total 

Sales:

           

Trade

 Ps. 482,262,631  Ps. 960,558,229  Ps. —    Ps. —    Ps. —    Ps. 2,933,424  Ps. 12,809,114  Ps. 204,103,954  Ps. 9,778,796  Ps.—    Ps. 1,672,446,148 

Intersegment

  397,199,590   141,997,392   —     3,414,033   63,672,574   65,802   1,635,050   640,382,216   119,762,378   (1,368,129,035  —   

Services income

  23,110   546,136   —     198,775   4,708,217   4,742   13,379   64,038   3,114,605   —     8,673,002 

(Reversal) Impairment of wells pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

  (65,013,616  (659,610  —     —     40,288,338   2,246,264   —     1,719,627   —     —     (21,418,997

Cost of sales

  402,979,694   1,091,796,331   —     (1,350,678  42,694,683   4,509,881   15,952,951   837,820,025   54,148,722   (1,249,040,048  1,199,511,561 

Gross income (loss)

  541,519,253   11,965,036   —     4,963,486   (14,602,230  (3,752,177  (1,495,408  5,010,556   78,507,057   (119,088,987  503,026,586 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Other revenue (expenses), net

  12,475,283   5,370,430   1,788   (3,797,729  (40,069,840  71,419   149,028   1,791,001   6,771,950   40,289,181   23,052,511 

Distribution, transportation and sales expenses

  106,510   26,616,527   —     63   82,755   387,397   251,459   280,407   94,457   (3,462,366  24,357,209 

Administrative expenses

  67,988,247   51,613,434   —     965,397   11,592,604   785,883   1,860,759   1,541,092   74,525,804   (76,551,739  134,321,481 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

  485,899,779   (60,894,495  1,788   200,297   (66,347,429  (4,854,038  (3,458,598  4,980,058   10,658,746   1,214,299   367,400,407 

Financing income

  94,009,399   7,475,509   1   350,326   1,351,514   4,916   26,565   702,471   142,481,311   (214,844,890  31,557,122 

Financing cost

  (127,343,514  (1,910,666  —     (771,639  (220,721  (478,044  (79,335  (1,379,583  (202,865,030  214,321,510   (120,727,022

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net

  (19,132,060  (11,304  —     —     —     —     —     382,568   (3,497,812  (5  (22,258,613

Foreign exchange (loss) income, net

  28,035,087   (1,707,558  —     31,051   167,982   (2,577  (28,542  920,488   (3,756,451  —     23,659,480 

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

  54,149   —     —     —     (1,092  —     —     1,012,490   (124,094,148  124,555,613   1,527,012 

Taxes, duties and other

  469,669,529   —     —     (407,217  (2,474,189  —     1,446,202   1,840,409   (8,496,511  —     461,578,223 

Net (loss) income

  (8,146,689  (57,048,514  1,789   217,252   (62,575,557  (5,329,743  (4,986,112  4,778,083   (172,576,873  125,246,527   (180,419,837
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

  1,109,407,361   238,486,786   —     11,478,067   15,343,841   2,772,995   8,337,752   137,727,664   723,490,973   (1,853,935,478  393,109,961 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total non current assets

  1,023,144,103   283,521,897   —     15,267,696   100,097,224   4,187,744   17,771,292   28,939,309   1,624,995,944   (1,415,837,902  1,682,087,307 

Total current liabilities

  334,709,929   155,402,987   —     2,962,370   31,418,555   9,682,768   6,710,315   98,007,805   1,662,808,360   (1,853,926,795  447,776,294 

Total non current liabilities

  2,254,024,319   529,484,079   —     10,739,495   10,332,359   108,467   149,750   4,272,341   2,116,660,861   (1,838,945,265  3,086,826,406 

Equity (deficit), net

  (456,182,784  (162,878,383  —     13,043,898   73,690,151   (2,830,496  19,248,979   64,386,827   (1,430,982,304  423,098,680   (1,459,405,432

Depreciation and amortization

  124,671,118   19,183,640   —     1,483,248   4,409,226   (246,697  1,385,445   403,122   2,092,938   —     153,382,040 

Net periodic cost of employee benefits

  33,688,888   51,239,055   —     27,105   191,132   9,162   8,839   (321,683  26,861,666   2,917,450   114,621,614 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

As of/ for the year ended December 31, 2020

 Exploration
and
Production
  Industrial
Transformation
  Logistics  Fertilizers (1)  Trading
Companies
  Corporate and Other
Operating Subsidiary
Companies
  Intersegment
eliminations
  Total 

Sales:

        

Trade

  301,393,451   477,729,504   —     1,515,464   159,786,736   8,521,205   —     948,946,360 

Intersegment

  242,454,754   97,303,328   80,575,471   425,374   280,924,383   98,451,594   (800,134,904  —   

Services income

  133,315   190,748   4,099,000   919   229,140   62,362   —     4,715,484 

(Impairment) reversal of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

  35,031,541   (71,761,571  426,560   (92,444  42,214   —     —     (36,353,700

Cost of sales

  391,513,815   655,617,229   43,614,768   3,070,962   430,672,407   27,536,221   (719,410,712  832,614,690 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income (loss)

  187,499,246   (152,155,220  41,486,263   (1,221,649  10,310,066   79,498,940   (80,724,192  84,693,454 

Other revenue

  2,162,510   4,092,943   513,076   13,355   874,412   4,112,550   —     11,768,846 

Other expenses

  (896,526  (130,926  (7,445  6,204   (86,960  (113,590  34,529   (1,194,714

Distribution, transportation and sales expenses

  251,625   14,423,570   107,691   400,170   1,277,980   209,676   (4,234,470  12,436,242 

Administrative expenses

  72,457,241   51,017,304   15,762,946   1,099,456   2,106,780   79,922,661   (76,471,944  145,894,444 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

  116,056,364   (213,634,077  26,121,257   (2,701,716  7,712,758   3,365,563   16,751   (63,063,100

Financing income

  77,700,999   223,712   3,340,622   245,510   307,229   162,801,375   (227,877,399  16,742,048 

Financing cost

  (164,419,519  (11,491,708  (450,802  (674,869  (812,552  (211,776,436  227,860,644   (161,765,242

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net

  24,939,748   22,862   —     —     (1,794,243  (6,072,226  —     17,096,141 

Foreign exchange (loss), net

  (116,528,387  (8,893,829  (442,139  (166,971  (750,041  (2,167,937  —     (128,949,304

(Loss) profit sharing in joint ventures and associates

  (61,956  1,346,829   3,813   (2,362,891  (1,931,323  (441,711,566  441,176,561   (3,540,533

Taxes, duties and other

  154,609,136   —     4,842,171   —     3,413,999   22,706,769   —     185,572,075 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
Net (loss) income  (216,921,887  (232,426,211  23,730,580   (5,660,937  (682,171  (518,267,996  441,176,557   (509,052,065
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

  937,017,021   152,553,067   166,202,857   2,960,958   168,261,357   906,149,787   (2,003,285,308  329,859,739 

Total non-current assets

  884,741,960   328,449,091   167,498,268   3,404,696   40,084,813   750,322,623   (575,873,262  1,598,628,189 

Total current liabilities

  464,163,895   388,367,873   39,568,364   17,328,604   129,161,357   1,734,633,918   (2,000,813,940  772,410,071 

Total non-current liabilities

  2,363,252,154   714,289,669   90,624,955   453,465   1,121,488   2,218,921,311   (1,827,858,155  3,560,804,887 

Equity (deficit), net

  (1,005,657,068  (621,655,384  203,507,806   (11,416,415  78,063,325   (2,297,082,819  1,249,513,525   (2,404,727,030

Depreciation and amortization

  101,126,295   19,734,723   5,917,668   10,137   317,241   2,525,756   —     129,631,820 

Depreciation of rights of use

  313,008   4,679,723   460,957   35,515   992,148   747,880   —     7,229,231 

Net periodic cost of employee benefits excluding items recognized in other comprehensive income

  35,356,366   51,176,601   8,927,651   669,076   (1,156  32,680,002   —     128,808,540 

 

(1)

This companyMerged as of January 1, 2021, see Note 28-E.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

As of/ for the year ended December 31, 2019

 Exploration
and
Production (1)
  Industrial
Transformation (2)
  Logistics  Fertilizers  Trading
Companies
  Corporate and Other
Operating Subsidiary
Companies
  Intersegment
eliminations
  Total 
Sales:        

Trade

  409,059,838   797,167,115   —     1,634,300   175,509,189   9,492,063   —     1,392,862,505 

Intersegment

  333,735,644   127,887,636   88,604,529   560,987   484,139,042   100,021,336   (1,134,949,174  —   

Services income

  473,324   2,088,771   4,663,770   853   67,982   1,813,980   —     9,108,680 

(Impairment) reversal of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net (3)

  (104,035,887  42,243,942   34,119,240   (2,298,775  (1,311,674  —     —     (31,283,154

Cost of sales

  472,489,346   970,522,186   51,298,858   3,380,826   646,671,417   49,979,372   (1,071,408,581  1,122,933,424 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income (loss)

  166,743,573   (1,134,722  76,088,681   (3,483,461  11,733,122   61,348,007   (63,540,593  247,754,607 

Other revenue

  6,796,590   3,110,226   202,800   22,575   444,289   4,363,967   —     14,940,447 

Other expenses

  (6,134,114  (551,926  (311,878  (7,147  —     (130,791  (75,835  (7,211,691

Distribution, transportation and sales expenses

  262,642   24,007,852   22,467   288,347   1,323,007   31,323   (4,049,727  21,885,911 

Administrative expenses

  59,171,975   50,652,341   8,504,381   615,830   2,575,536   68,791,707   (59,542,948  130,768,822 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

  107,971,432   (73,236,615  67,452,755   (4,372,210  8,278,868   (3,241,847  (23,753  102,828,630 

Financing income (3)

  87,737,456   1,938,163   697,130   65,049   801,046   156,297,750   (218,300,991  29,235,603 

Financing cost

  (134,241,910  (6,346,480  (434,392  (770,869  (971,573  (208,419,002  218,322,886   (132,861,340

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net (3)

  (7,014,529  (9,231  —     —     (1,471,566  (14,768,593  (4  (23,263,923

Foreign exchange (loss) income, net

  78,315,007   3,674,481   214,157   48,226   (212,619  4,891,136   —     86,930,388 

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

  28,770   105,447   (17,682  (2,314,587  1,195,058   (295,764,002  295,609,103   (1,157,893

Taxes, duties and other

  373,640,107   (1,446,202  (19,902,667  —     2,433,349   (10,901,098  —     343,823,489 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

  (240,843,881  (72,428,033  87,814,635   (7,344,391  5,185,865   (350,103,460  295,607,241   (282,112,024
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets (3)

  987,717,368   220,885,024   111,906,985   7,783,507   161,329,297   718,398,444   (1,864,985,584  343,035,041 

Total non-current assets (3)

  833,264,268   385,174,767   160,050,916   1,710,361   43,098,566   1,001,349,312   (783,436,151  1,641,212,039 

Total current liabilities

  393,129,182   290,128,797   28,995,291   12,648,563   125,341,872   1,564,317,345   (1,862,357,422  552,203,628 

Total non-current liabilities

  2,210,050,053   682,521,743   78,111,581   6,121,684   3,382,236   2,080,349,970   (1,697,084,513  3,363,452,754 

Equity (deficit), net (3)

  (782,197,599  (366,590,749  164,851,029   (9,276,379  75,703,755   (1,924,919,559  911,020,200   (1,931,409,302

Depreciation and amortization

  103,328,661   25,260,746   6,521,380   (323,902  93,193   2,306,932   —     137,187,010 

Depreciation of rights of use

  352,286   4,858,427   228,929   35,515   1,288,306   665,812   —     7,429,275 

Net periodic cost of employee benefits excluding items recognized in other comprehensive income

  34,534,805   54,347,829   243,330   (6,361  37,512   27,019,834   —     116,176,949 

(1)

On July 1, 2019 Pemex Drilling and Services was merged into Pemex Exploration and Production. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Exploration and Production segment.

(2)

On July 1, 2019 Pemex Ethylene was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Industrial Transformation segment.

(3)

See Note 4.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

For the year ended December 31, 2018

 Exploration
and
Production (1)
  Industrial
Transformation

(2) (3)
  Logistics  Fertilizers  Trading
Companies
  Corporate and Other
Operating Subsidiary
Companies
  Intersegment
eliminations
  Total 
Sales:        

Trade

  482,262,631   973,367,343   —     2,933,424   204,103,954   9,778,796   —     1,672,446,148 

Intersegment

  400,613,623   143,632,442   63,672,574   65,802   640,382,216   119,762,378   (1,368,129,035  —   

Services income

  221,885   559,515   4,708,217   4,742   64,038   3,114,605   —     8,673,002 

Reversal (impairment) of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

  65,013,616   659,610   (40,288,338  (2,246,264  (1,719,627  —     —     21,418,997 

Cost of sales

  401,629,016   1,107,749,282   42,694,683   4,509,881   837,820,025   54,148,722   (1,249,040,048  1,199,511,561 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income (loss)

  546,482,739   10,469,628   (14,602,230  (3,752,177  5,010,556   78,507,057   (119,088,987  503,026,586 

Other income

  23,734,616   6,784,333   178,431   81,808   1,703,304   7,683,041   1,352,098   41,517,631 

Other expenses

  (15,057,062  (1,263,087  (40,248,271  (10,389  87,697   (911,091  38,937,083   (18,465,120

Distribution, transportation and sales expenses

  106,573   26,867,986   82,755   387,397   280,407   94,457   (3,462,366  24,357,209 

Administrative expenses

  68,953,644   53,474,193   11,592,604   785,883   1,541,092   74,525,804   (76,551,739  134,321,481 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

  486,100,076   (64,351,305  (66,347,429  (4,854,038  4,980,058   10,658,746   1,214,299   367,400,407 

Financing income

  94,359,725   7,502,075   1,351,514   4,916   702,471   142,481,311   (214,844,890  31,557,122 

Financing cost (4)

  (131,257,815  (1,990,001  (220,721  (478,044  (1,379,583  (202,865,030  214,321,510   (123,869,684

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net (4)

  (15,989,398  (11,304  —     —     382,568   (3,497,812  (5  (19,115,951

Foreign exchange income (loss), net

  28,066,138   (1,736,100  167,982   (2,577  920,488   (3,756,451  —     23,659,480 

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

  54,149   —     (1,092  —     1,012,490   (124,094,148  124,555,613   1,527,012 

Taxes, duties and other

  469,262,312   1,446,202   (2,474,189  —     1,840,409   (8,496,511  —     461,578,223 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

  (7,929,437  (62,032,837  (62,575,557  (5,329,743  4,778,083   (172,576,873  125,246,527   (180,419,837
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

  126,154,366   20,569,085   4,409,226   (246,697  403,122   2,092,938   —     153,382,040 

Net periodic cost of employee benefits excluding items recognized in other comprehensive income

  33,715,993   51,247,894   191,132   9,162   (321,683  26,861,666   2,917,450   114,621,614 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

On July 1, 2019 Pemex Drilling and Services was merged into Pemex Exploration and Production. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Exploration and Production segment.

(2)

On July 1, 2019 Pemex Ethylene was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Industrial Transformation segment.

(3)

Pemex Cogeneration and Services was liquidated on July 27, 2018. Except for certain expenses incurred in the liquidation, all operations were transferred to Pemex Industrial Transformation. (See Note 1)For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Industrial Transformation segment.

(4)

See Note 4.

Petróleos Mexicanos

As of/for the year ended
December 31,
2017

 Exploration and
Production
  Industrial
Transformation
  Cogeneration
and Services 
(1)
  Drilling and
Services
  Logistics  Fertilizers  Ethylene  Trading
Companies
  Corporate and
Other

Operating
Subsidiary
Companies
  Intersegment
eliminations
  Total 

Sales:

           

Trade

 Ps. —    Ps. 857,456,146  Ps. —    Ps. —    Ps. —    Ps. 4,123,006  Ps. 12,621,648  Ps. 508,539,112  Ps. 3,159,238  Ps. —    Ps. 1,385,899,150 

Intersegment

  762,637,362   150,360,283   114,233   3,400,456   70,671,871   642,965   1,565,757   539,193,190   79,031,944   (1,607,618,061  —   

Services income

  —     6,116,937   334,755   41,741   3,714,941   2,339   26,733   66,621   826,502   —     11,130,569 

(Reversal) Impairment of wells pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

  129,350,315   15,952,092   —     —     —     1,935,500   —     —     4,206,653   —     151,444,560 

Cost of sales

  391,089,410   1,004,683,554   472,732   468,171   50,926,263   6,001,259   14,272,340   1,031,997,901   33,033,923   (1,528,740,673  1,004,204,880 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income (loss)

  242,197,637   (6,702,280  (23,744  2,974,026   23,460,549   (3,168,449  (58,202  15,801,022   45,777,108   (78,877,388  241,380,279 

Other revenue (expenses), net

  10,204,045   1,515,538   2,646   (31,454  (24,134,436  9,013   23,030   307,212   (5,344,872  22,623,354   5,174,076 

Distribution, transportation and sales expenses

  —     26,049,566   13,581    73,526   528,370   334,663   375,482   59,043   (5,544,561  21,889,670 

Administrative expenses

  58,539,119   38,994,887   37,679   888,776   7,459,928   352,537   1,105,554   1,564,859   62,001,641   (51,005,526  119,939,454 

Operating income (loss)

  193,862,563   (70,231,195  (72,358  2,053,796   (8,207,341  (4,040,343  (1,475,389  14,167,893   (21,628,448  296,053   104,725,231 

Financing income

  121,293,404   11,427,907   147   57,313   1,622,827   2,248   46,113   905,405   145,907,795   (265,097,306  16,165,853 

Financing cost

  (136,378,338  (2,398,643  (19,882  (795,947  (2,307,427  (211,004  (1,964  (1,328,827  (239,003,771  264,801,255   (117,644,548

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net

  (1,613,874  5,835   —     —     —     —     —     (772,143  27,718,506   —     25,338,324 

Foreign exchange (loss) income, net

  10,043,316   4,924,209   —     227,365   613,099   (20,925  (10,486  (4,318  7,411,862   —     23,184,122 

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

  (75,195  485,224   —     —     (74  —     —     1,049,809   (212,666,494  211,567,170   360,440 

Taxes, duties and other

  338,169,260   —     —     276,967   (7,444,967  —     —     1,972,718   6,063   —     332,980,041 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

  (151,037,384  (55,786,663  (92,093  1,265,560   (833,949  (4,270,024  (1,441,726  12,045,101   (292,266,613  211,567,172   (280,850,619
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

  1,036,063,541   570,380,888   179,807   6,871,148   49,391,784   3,155,476   3,994,381   158,414,445   506,187,594   (1,971,112,774  363,526,290 

Total non current assets

  1,021,972,864   286,815,419   —     19,349,601   142,504,209   5,767,980   19,147,664   28,394,454   1,605,553,140   (1,361,029,507  1,768,475,824 

Total current liabilities

  284,656,058   459,130,165   531,580   2,201,936   44,521,371   6,455,246   2,183,654   112,046,527   1,439,097,882   (1,961,697,234  389,127,185 

Total non current liabilities

  2,285,756,339   617,978,584   —     11,684,489   12,184,880   100,804   125,236   4,796,353   2,148,891,089   (1,836,290,460  3,245,227,314 

Equity (deficit), net

  (512,375,992  (219,912,442  (351,773  12,334,324   135,189,742   2,367,406   20,833,155   69,966,018   (1,476,248,237  465,845,413   (1,502,352,385

Depreciation and amortization

  127,742,568   17,935,112   —     2,368,123   4,562,140   422,930   1,688,493   (19,798  2,004,945   —     156,704,513 

Net periodic cost of employee benefits

  32,794,386   52,538,989   —     39,697   (4,954  (1,999  (12,561  16,166   22,703,351   —     108,073,075 
Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

For the year ended
December 31,
2016

 Exploration and
Production
  Industrial
Transformation
  Cogeneration
and Services
  Drilling and
Services
  Logistics  Fertilizers  Ethylene  Trading
Companies
  Corporate and
Other
Operating
Subsidiary
Companies
  Intersegment
eliminations
  Total 

Sales:

           

Trade

 Ps. —    Ps. 648,088,013  Ps. —    Ps. —    Ps. —    Ps. 3,873,403  Ps. 15,392,552  Ps. 395,118,117  Ps. 2,646,505  Ps. —    Ps. 1,065,118,590 

Intersegment

  616,380,615   117,096,378   51,913   1,981,754   68,316,958   900,464   1,764,438   405,293,283   50,683,175   (1,262,468,978  —   

Services income

  —     5,565,604   132,521   70,112   2,813,887   1,908   60,141   236,230   473,415   (379,176  8,974,642 

(Reversal) Impairment of wells pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

  (271,709,433  (52,498,881  —     —     (5,829,520  —     (1,276,509  —     —     —     (331,314,343

Cost of sales

  359,064,884   823,763,927   166,721   143,956   61,248,584   5,506,198   13,936,213   783,691,245   7,260,043   (1,188,959,550  865,822,221 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income (loss)

  529,025,164   (515,051  17,713   1,907,910   15,711,781   (730,423  4,557,427   16,956,385   46,543,052   (73,888,604  539,585,354 

Other revenue (expenses), net

  27,346,794   19,964,654   —     591,704   (27,189,969  32,710   63,989   3,412,711   (906,183  (666,804  22,649,606 

Distribution, transportation and sales expenses

  —     50,792,317   8,232   6   148,215   185,168   481,727   229,432   49,162   (26,663,019  25,231,240 

Administrative expenses

  54,509,047   34,183,846   32,126   983,560   7,175,451   731,479   2,101,834   1,157,182   60,497,232   (48,718,224  112,653,533 

Operating income (loss)

  501,862,911   (65,526,560  (22,645  1,516,048   (18,801,854  (1,614,360  2,037,855   18,982,482   (14,909,525  825,835   424,350,187 

Financing income

  56,040,129   11,056,345    72,995   373,301   4,358   64,582   1,098,079   125,964,466   (180,925,000  13,749,255 

Financing cost

  (109,946,363  (3,188,892  (12,055  (642,711  (481,741  (20,217  (2,980  (1,342,351  (163,400,779  180,193,625   (98,844,464

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net

  —     3,172   —     —     —     —     —     (1,951,959  (12,052,200  —     (14,000,987

Foreign exchange (loss) income, net

  (217,166,718  (12,858,875  —     (1,570,317  (1,118,537  (29,263  (2,843  174,866   (21,441,056  —     (254,012,743

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

  (21,164  649,520   —     —     —     —     —     1,586,503   (117,426,818  117,347,804   2,135,845 

Taxes, duties and other

  276,647,448   —     —     (481,581  (10,010,686  —     —     7,380,870   (9,014,616  —     264,521,435 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

  (45,878,653  (69,865,290  (34,700  (142,404  (10,018,145  (1,659,482  2,096,614   11,166,750   (194,251,296  117,442,264   (191,144,342
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

  124,329,921   17,425,472    2,559,357   2,230,557   481,241   1,395,232   86,707   1,931,004   —     150,439,491 

Net periodic cost of employee benefits

  32,617,215   52,886,397   5,860   31,491   30,340   (1,178  1,424   (552,735  24,719,602   —     109,738,416 

PEMEX’s management measures the performance of the segments based on operating income and net segment income before elimination of unrealized intersegment gain (loss), as well as by analyzing the impact of the results of each segment onNotes to the consolidated financial statements. For certainstatements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Supplemental geographic information –

   For the years ended December 31, 
   2020   2019   2018 

Domestic sales

  Ps. 503,712,031   Ps.   807,020,214   Ps.   980,559,538 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Export sales:

      

United States

   304,344,028    372,134,617    434,838,159 

Canada, Central and South America

   2,105,703    3,102,066    11,274,714 

Europe

   45,254,008    131,498,445    158,900,339 

Other

   93,530,590    79,107,163    86,873,398 

Total export sales

   445,234,329    585,842,291    691,886,610 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Services income*

   4,715,484    9,108,680    8,673,002 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total sales

  Ps. 953,661,844   Ps. 1,401,971,185   Ps. 1,681,119,150 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

*

Services income as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 represent approximately 97%, 80% and 63%, from domestic sales, respectively.

PEMEX does not have significant long-lived assets outside of Mexico.

Income by product –

   For the years ended December 31, 
   2020   2019   2018 

Domestic sales

      

Refined petroleum products and derivatives (primarily gasolines)

  Ps. 409,240,569   Ps.725,759,040   Ps. 850,342,124 

Gas

   79,176,837    66,303,063    110,219,691 

Petrochemical products

   15,294,625    14,958,111    19,997,723 

Total domestic sales

  Ps.503,712,031   Ps.807,020,214   Ps.980,559,538 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Export sales

      

Crude oil

  Ps.301,199,114   Ps. 408,771,392   Ps.482,259,045 

Refined petroleum products and derivatives (primarily gasolines)

   107,391,773    118,495,443    167,796,526 

Gas

   32,192,334    53,353,075    34,446,277 

Petrochemical products

   4,451,108    5,222,381    7,384,762 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total export sales

  Ps. 445,234,329   Ps. 585,842,291   Ps. 691,886,610 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the items in these consolidated financial statements to conform with the individual financial statements of the operating segments, they must be reconciled. The tables below present the financial information of PEMEX’s operating segments, before intersegment eliminations:

The following tables present accounting reconciliations between individual and consolidated information.(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

As of/for the year ended December 31, 2018

 Exploration and
Production
  Industrial
Transformation
  Cogeneration
and Services
(1)
  Drilling and
Services
  Logistics  Fertilizers  Ethylene  Trading
Companies
  Corporate
and Other
Operating
Subsidiary
Companies
 

Sales:

         

By segment

 Ps. 910,443,812   1,105,255,786   —     8,716,657   68,380,791   3,051,428   14,457,543   844,550,208   132,655,779 

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  (30,958,481  (2,154,029  —     (5,103,849  —     (47,460  —     —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated sales

 Ps. 879,485,331   1,103,101,757   —     3,612,808   68,380,791   3,003,968   14,457,543   844,550,208   132,655,779 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income (loss):

         

By segment

 Ps. 488,151,914   (70,799,130  1,788   406,574   (97,029,061  (5,162,552  (9,520,020  4,913,736   10,658,746 

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  (30,958,481  (2,154,029  —     (5,103,849  —     (47,460  —     —     —   

Less unrealized gain due to production
cost valuation of inventory

  (596,889  12,058,664   —     4,537,200   —     —     —     66,322   —   

Less capitalized refined products

  (1,774,227  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less amortization of capitalized interest

  118,981   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less depreciation and impairment of revaluated transferred assets

  30,958,481   —     —     360,372   30,681,632   355,974   6,061,422   —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated operating income (loss)

 Ps. 485,899,779   (60,894,495  1,788   200,297   (66,347,429  (4,854,038  (3,458,598  4,980,058   10,658,746 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss):

         

By segment

 Ps. (5,867,212  (65,286,932  1,789   971,701   (85,357,751  (6,248,709  (6,144,326  4,711,761   (172,576,873

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  (30,958,481  (2,154,029  —     (5,103,849  —     (47,460  —     —     —   

Less unrealized gain due to production
cost valuation of inventory

  (596,889  12,058,664   —     3,799,980   —     —     —     66,322   —   

Less capitalized refined products

  (1,774,227  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less equity method elimination

  (27,342  (1,666,217  —     —     666   610,452   (3,457,006  —     —   

Less amortization of capitalized interest

  118,981   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less depreciation and impairment of revaluated transferred assets, net of deferred taxes

  30,958,481   —     —     549,420   22,781,528   355,974   4,615,220   —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated net (loss) income

 Ps. 8,146,689   (57,048,514  1,789   217,252   (62,575,557  (5,329,743  (4,986,112  4,778,083   (172,576,873
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Assets:

         

By segment

 Ps. 2,161,126,244   567,768,812   —     28,400,765   176,047,827   10,018,775   31,365,663   177,684,447   2,348,486,917 

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  1,557,729   (7,544,007  —     —     7,184   (26,886  (5,304  (408,060  —   

Less unrealized gain due to production

cost valuation of inventory

  (4,254,421  (30,320,566  —     —     —     (47,460  —     (9,339,859  —   

Less capitalized refined products

  (1,774,227  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less depreciation and impairment of revaluated transferred assets, net of deferred taxes

  (23,660,467  —     —     (1,655,002  (60,523,859  (1,801,679  (5,186,318  (424,850  —   

Less equity method for unrealized profits

  (562,375  (7,903,679  —     —     (90,087  (1,182,011  (64,997  (844,705  —   

Less amortization of capitalized interest

  118,981   8,123   —     —     —     —     —     —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated assets

 Ps. 2,132,551,464   522,008,683   —     26,745,763   115,441,065   6,960,739   26,109,044   166,666,973   2,348,866,917 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities:

         

By segment

 Ps. 2,588,734,248   689,306,996   —     12,328,030   41,750,914   9,791,235   6,860,065   104,239,692   3,779,469,221 

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  —     (4,419,930  —     1,373,835   —     —     —     (1,959,546  —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated liabilities

 Ps. 2,588,734,248   684,887,066   —     13,701,865   41,750,914   9,791,235   6,860,065   102,280,146   3,779,469,221 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

NOTE 7. REVENUE

As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the revenues were as follows:

A.

Revenue disaggregation

For the year ended December 31, Exploration
and
Production(1)
  Industrial
Transformation
(2)(3)
  Logistics  Fertilizers (4)  Trading
Companies
  Corporate and Other
Operating Subsidiary
Companies
  Total 
Geographical market 2020       
United States  171,640,991   —     —     —     131,653,920   1,049,117   304,344,028 
Other  85,271,096   —     —     —     8,259,494   2,124,601   95,655,191 
Europe  44,287,027   —     —     —     966,982   —     45,254,009 
Local  327,652   477,920,252   4,099,000   1,516,383   19,135,480   5,409,849   508,408,616 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
Total  301,526,766   477,920,252   4,099,000   1,516,383   160,015,876   8,583,567   953,661,844 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2019

       

United States

  226,689,583   —     —     —     144,578,641   866,393   372,134,617 

Other

  57,106,954   —     —     —     21,001,222   4,101,054   82,209,230 

Europe

  124,974,855   —     —     —     6,409,388   1,903,942   133,288,185 

Local

  761,770   799,255,886   4,663,770   1,635,153   3,587,920   4,434,654   814,339,153 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  409,533,162   799,255,886   4,663,770   1,635,153   175,577,171   11,306,043   1,401,971,185 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2018

       

United States

  276,785,650   —     —     —     158,713,210   —     435,498,860 

Other

  51,708,232   —     —     —     40,743,480   5,660,310   98,112,022 

Europe

  153,765,163   —     —     —     4,647,265   2,905,858   161,318,286 

Local

  225,471   973,926,858   4,708,217   2,938,166   64,037   4,327,233   986,189,982 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  482,484,516   973,926,858   4,708,217   2,938,166   204,167,992   12,893,401   1,681,119,150 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Major products and services 2020

       

Crude oil

  301,199,114   —     —     —     —     —     301,199,114 

Gas

  194,337   60,076,159   —     —     51,098,675   —     111,369,171 

Refined petroleum products

  —     409,240,569   —     —     107,391,773   —     516,632,342 

Other

  —     8,412,776   —     1,515,464   1,296,288   8,521,205   19,745,733 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Services

  133,315   190,748   4,099,000   919   229,140   62,362   4,715,484 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  301,526,766   477,920,252   4,099,000   1,516,383   160,015,876   8,583,567   953,661,844 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2019

       

Crude oil

  408,771,392   —     —     —     —     —     408,771,392 

Gas

  288,446   66,014,617   —     —     53,353,075   —     119,656,138 

Refined petroleum products

  —     722,239,101   —     —     121,028,417   986,965   844,254,483 

Other

  —     8,913,397   —     1,634,300   1,127,697   8,505,098   20,180,492 

Services

  473,324   2,088,771   4,663,770   853   67,982   1,813,980   9,108,680 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  409,533,162   799,255,886   4,663,770   1,635,153   175,577,171   11,306,043   1,401,971,185 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2018

       

Crude oil

  482,259,045   —     —     —     —     —     482,259,045 

Gas

  3,586   110,216,105   —     —     34,446,277   —     144,665,968 

Refined petroleum products

  —     850,342,124   —     —     167,796,526   —     1,018,138,650 

Other

  —     12,809,114   —     2,933,424   1,861,151   9,778,796   27,382,485 

Services

  221,885   559,515   4,708,217   4,742   64,038   3,114,605   8,673,002 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  482,484,516   973,926,858   4,708,217   2,938,166   204,167,992   12,893,401   1,681,119,150 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Timing of revenue recognition 2020

       

Products transferred at a point in time

  301,526,766   477,729,504   4,099,000   1,515,464   159,786,736   8,521,205   953,178,675 

Products and services transferred over the time

  —     190,748   —     919   229,140   62,362   483,169 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  301,526,766   477,920,252   4,099,000   1,516,383   160,015,876   8,583,567   953,661,844 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2019

       

Products transferred at a point in time

  409,059,838   797,167,115   4,663,770   1,634,300   175,509,189   9,492,063   1,397,526,275 

Products and services transferred over the time

  473,324   2,088,771   —     853   67,982   1,813,980   4,444,910 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  409,533,162   799,255,886   4,663,770   1,635,153   175,577,171   11,306,043   1,401,971,185 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2018

       

Products transferred at a point in time

  482,262,631   973,367,343   4,708,217   2,933,424   204,103,954   9,778,796   1,677,154,365 

Products and services transferred over the time

  221,885   559,515   —     4,742   64,038   3,114,605   3,964,785 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  482,484,516   973,926,858   4,708,217   2,938,166   204,167,992   12,893,401   1,681,119,150 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

(1)

This companyOn July 1, 2019 Pemex Drilling and Services was merged into Pemex Exploration and Production. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Exploration and Production segment.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

(2)

On July 1, 2019 Pemex Ethylene was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation. For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Industrial Transformation segment.

(3)

Pemex Cogeneration and Services was liquidated on July 27, 2018. Except for certain expenses incurred in the liquidation, all operations were transferred to Pemex Industrial Transformation. (See Note 1)For comparison purposes all operations for periods prior to the merger are presented in the Pemex Industrial Transformation segment.

(4)

Merged as of January 1, 2021, see Note 28-E.

Nature, performance obligations and timing of revenue recognition-

As of/for the year ended December 31,

2017

 Exploration
and Production
  Industrial
Transformation
  Cogeneration
and Services
  Drilling
and
Services
  Logistics  Fertilizers  Ethylene  Trading
Companies
  Corporate
and Other
Operating
Subsidiary
Companies
 

Sales:

         

By segment

 Ps. 762,637,362   1,015,157,118   448,988   6,679,132   74,386,812   4,795,196   14,214,138   1,047,874,453   83,017,684 

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  —     (1,223,752  —     (3,236,935  —     (26,886  —     (75,530  —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated sales

 Ps. 762,637,362   1,013,933,366   448,988   3,442,197   74,386,812   4,768,310   14,214,138   1,047,798,923   83,017,684 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income (loss):

         

By segment

 Ps. 194,814,292   (59,989,652  (72,358  882,692   (61,696,313  (7,148,431  (4,698,838  14,490,017   (21,628,448

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  —     (1,223,752  —     (3,236,935  —     (26,886  —     (75,530  —   

Less unrealized gain due to production
cost valuation of inventory

  (496,329  (9,017,791  —     2,932,663   —     —     —     (246,594  —   

Less capitalized refined products

  (574,381  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less amortization of capitalized interest

  118,981   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less depreciation and impairment of revaluated transferred assets

  —     —     —     1,475,376   53,488,972   3,134,974   3,223,449   —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated operating income (loss)

 Ps. 193,862,563   (70,231,195  (72,358  2,053,796   (8,207,341  (4,040,343  (1,475,389  14,167,893   (21,628,448
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss):

         

By segment

 Ps. (150,388,699  (44,599,751  (358,862  345,913   (40,300,942  (8,616,130  (5,866,542  5,200,268   (292,266,613

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  —     (1,223,752  —     (3,236,935  —     (26,886  —     (75,530  —   

Less unrealized gain due to production
cost valuation of inventory

  (496,329  (9,017,791  —     2,932,663   —     —     —     (246,594  —   

Less capitalized refined products

  (574,381  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less equity method elimination

  303,044   (945,369  266,769   —     333   1,238,018   1,201,367   7,166,957   —  

Less amortization of capitalized interest

  118,981   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —  

Less depreciation and impairment of revaluated transferred assets, net of deferred taxes

  —     —     —     1,223,919   39,466,660   3,134,974   3,223,449   —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated net (loss) income

 Ps. (151,037,384  (55,786,663  (92,093  1,265,560   (833,949  (4,270,024  (1,441,726  12,045,101   (292,266,613
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Assets:

         

By segment

 Ps. 2,084,553,745   912,770,881   179,807   28,256,876   276,537,764   17,689,305   35,498,783   195,538,239   2,111,740,734 

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  858,094   (5,389,977  —     —     7,183   —     (5,303  (408,059  —   

Less unrealized gain due to production cost valuation of inventory

  (3,657,242  (42,379,229  —     —     —     (26,886  —     (7,163,664  —   

Less capitalized refined products

  (574,381  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less depreciation and impairment of revaluated transferred assets, net of deferred taxes

  (22,503,168  —     —     (2,036,127  (84,557,831  (2,165,068  (9,522,686  (424,849  —   

Less equity method for unrealized profits

  (759,624  (7,813,492  —     —     (91,123  (6,573,895  (2,828,749  (732,768  —   

Less amortization of capitalized interest

  118,981   8,124   —     —     —     —     —     —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated assets

 Ps. 2,058,036,405   857,196,307   179,807   26,220,749   191,895,993   8,923,456   23,142,045   186,808,899   2,111,740,734 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities:

         

By segment

 Ps. 2,570,412,397   1,081,528,677   531,580   13,186,297   56,706,251   6,556,050   2,308,890   116,648,398   3,587,988,971 

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  —     (4,419,928  —     700,128   —     —     —     194,482   —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated liabilities

 Ps. 2,570,412,397   1,077,108,749   531,580   13,886,425   56,706,251   6,556,050   2,308,890   116,842,880   3,587,988,971 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

For the year ended December 31, 2016

 Exploration and
Production
  Industrial
Transformation
  Cogeneration
and Services
  Drilling and
Services
  Logistics  Fertilizers  Ethylene  Trading
Companies
  Corporate and
Other Operating
Subsidiary
Companies
 

Sales:

         

By segment

 Ps. 616,380,615   771,597,427   184,434   6,263,093   71,130,845   4,775,775   17,217,131   800,979,076   53,803,095 

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  —     (847,432  —     (4,211,227     —     —     (331,446  —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated sales

 Ps. 616,380,615   770,749,995   184,434   2,051,866   71,130,845   4,775,775   17,217,131   800,647,630   53,803,095 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income (loss):

         

By segment

 Ps. 503,679,153   (60,347,367  (22,645  1,271,202   (25,701,065  (2,877,725  (3,504,812  19,526,997   (14,909,525

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  —     (847,432  —     (4,211,227  —     —     —     (331,446  —   

Less unrealized gain due to production
cost valuation of inventory

  (273,237  3,572,498   —     3,815,371   —     905,910   (2,163  (213,069  —   

Less capitalized refined products

  (1,661,986  (7,904,259  —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less amortization of capitalized interest

  118,981   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less depreciation and impairment of revaluated assets

  —     —     —     640,702   6,899,211   357,455   5,544,830   —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated operating income (loss)

 Ps. 501,862,911   (65,526,560  (22,645  1,516,048   (18,801,854  (1,614,360  2,037,855   18,982,482   (14,909,525
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss):

         

By segment

 Ps. (44,069,001  (61,639,067  (381,214  (387,250  (16,917,356  (7,820,835  (3,780,706  11,711,265   (194,251,296

Less unrealized intersegment sales

  —     (847,432  —     (4,211,227  —     —     —     (331,446  —   

Less unrealized gain due to production
cost valuation of inventory

  (273,237  3,572,498   —     3,815,371   —     905,910   (2,163  (213,069  —   

Less capitalized refined products

  (1,661,986  (7,904,259  —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less equity method elimination

  6,590   (3,047,030  346,514   —     —     4,897,988   334,653   —     —   

Less amortization of capitalized interest

  118,981   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Less depreciation of revaluated assets

  —     —     —     640,702   6,899,211   357,455   5,544,830   —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total consolidated net (loss) income

 Ps. (45,878,653  (69,865,290  (34,700  (142,404  (10,018,145  (1,659,482  2,096,614   11,166,750   (194,251,296
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Supplemental geographic information:

   For the years ended December 31, 
   2018   2017   2016 

Domestic sales

   Ps. 980,559,538    Ps. 877,360,038    Ps. 670,000,473 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Export sales:

      

United States

   434,838,159    302,912,999    221,954,461 

Canada, Central and South America

   11,274,714    13,943,080    14,058,897 

Europe

   158,900,339    71,470,613    64,348,997 

Other

   86,873,398    120,212,420    94,755,762 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total export sales

   691,886,610    508,539,112    395,118,117 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Services income

   8,673,002    11,130,569    8,974,642 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total sales

   Ps. 1,681,119,150    Ps. 1,397,029,719    Ps. 1,074,093,232 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer. PEMEX does not have significant long-lived assets outside of Mexico.recognizes revenue when it transfers control over a good or service to a customer.

The following table shows income by product:provides information about the nature and timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations in contracts with customers, including significant payment terms and the related revenue.

 

   For the years ended December 31, 
   2018   2017   2016 

Domestic sales

      

Refined petroleum products and derivatives (primarily gasolines)

   Ps. 850,342,124    Ps. 738,943,017    Ps. 578,718,674 

Gas

   110,219,691    116,021,269    59,648,576 

Petrochemical products

   19,997,723    22,395,752    31,633,223 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total domestic sales

   Ps. 980,559,538    Ps. 877,360,038    Ps. 670,000,473 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Export sales

      

Crude oil

   Ps. 482,259,045    Ps. 356,623,114    Ps. 288,625,794 

Refined petroleum products and derivatives (primarily gasolines)

   167,796 ,526    124,644,353    92,705,248 

Gas

   34,446,277    22,253,493    20,995 

Petrochemical products

   7,384,762    5,018,152    13,766,080 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total export sales

   Ps. 691,886,610    Ps. 508,539,112    Ps. 395,118,117 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Products / services

Nature, performance obligations

Timing of revenue recognition

Crude oil sales

Export sales of crude oil are based on delivery terms established in contracts or orders. All sales are performed by the Free on Board International commercial term (“FOB” Incoterm).

Crude oil sale contracts consider possible customers’ claims due to product quality, volume or delays in boarding, which are estimated in the price of the transaction. For orders that have variations in price, revenue is adjusted on the closing date of each period. The subsequent variations in the fair value at the different reporting dates are recognized according to IFRS 9.

The price of the product is determined based on a market components formula and the sale of crude oil.

Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the crude oil has transferred to the customer, which occurs when the product is delivered at the point of shipping. Invoices are generated at that time and are mostly payable within the deadlines established in contracts or orders. Payments in respect of crude oil sold and delivered shall be made within 30 days after the date of the bill of lading therefor.

For international market crude oil sales, revenue is recognized with a provisional price, which undergoes subsequent adjustments until the product has arrived at the port of destination. There may be a period of up to 2 months in determining the final sale price, such as in the case of sales to some regions.

Revenue is measured initially estimating variables such as quality and volume claims, delays in boarding etc.

Sale of petroleum products

For all petroleum products, there is only one performance obligation that includes transport and handling services to the point of delivery.

The price is determined based on the price at the point of delivery, adding the price of the services rendered (freight, handling of jet fuel, etc.) with the provisions and terms established by the Comisión Reguladora de Energía (Energy Regulatory Commission or “CRE”). There are penalties for delivery failures and/or payment obligations, as well as quality and volume claims, which are known days after the transaction.

Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer, which occurs either at the point of shipping or when it is delivered at the customer’s facilities. Therefore, transportation fees can be included in the price of sale of the product and are considered part of a single performance obligation since transportation is rendered before control is transferred.

Revenue is initially measured by estimating variables such as quality and volume claims, etc. Invoices are usually payable within 30 days.

Sales of natural gas

There is only one performance obligation that includes transport and handling services to the point of delivery.

The transaction price is established at the time of sale, including the estimation of variable considerations such as capacity, penalties, adjustments for quality or volume claims, and incentives for the purchase of products; which are known days after the transaction. Such variable consideration is recognized to the extent that it is probable that it will not be reversed in a future period.

Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer, which occurs when it is delivered at the customer’s facilities.

Therefore, transportation fees can be included in the price of sale of the product and are considered part of a single performance obligation since transportation is rendered before control is transferred.

Revenue initially is measured estimating variables as quality and volume claims, etc. Invoices are usually payable within 30 days.

Services

In cases where within the same service order there are transportation and storage services, there could exist more than one performance obligation, depending on the term of the service.

Price is not distributed when there is a performance obligation, except, when there is more than one performance obligation, in which case, the price of the transaction will be assigned according to the service price established in the service order.

When there is a performance obligation, the price is not distributed, but if it is considered that there is more than one performance obligation, the price of the transaction is considered based on the prices established in the service orders and which also include penalties such as quality and volume claims.

Income is recognized over time as the service is rendered.

Invoices are usually payable within 22 days.

Other products

There is only one performance obligation that includes transportation for delivery to destination.

The sale and delivery of the product are made at the same time and because they are FOB, transportation fees are included in the price of sale of the product.

The transaction price is established at the time of sale, including the estimation of variable considerations such as capacity, penalties, extraordinary sales not included in contracts, adjustments for quality or volume claims, and incentives for the purchase of products; which are known days after the transaction.

The price of the product is estimated on the date of sale and considers variables such as quality and volume claims, etc.

Invoices are usually payable within 30 days.

NOTE 7. REVENUE

B.

Accounts receivable in the statement of financial position

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017, the revenues were as follows:

A. Revenue disaggregation

For the period ended
December 31,
 Exploration and
Production
  Industrial
Transformation
  Cogeneration
and
Services(1)
  Drilling
and
Services
  Logistics  Fertilizers  Ethylene  Trading
Companies
  Corporate
and Other
Operating
Subsidiary
Companies
  Total 

Geographical market

          

2018

          

United States

  276,785,650   —     —     —     —     —     —     158,713,210   —     435,498,860 

Other

  51,708,232   —     —     —     —     —     —     40,743,480   5,660,310   98,112,022 

Europe

  153,765,163   —     —     —     —     —     —     4,647,265   2,905,858   161,318,286 

Local

  26,696   961,104,365   —     198,775   4,708,217   2,938,167   12,822,493   64,037   4,327,232   986,189,982 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  482,285,741   961,104,365   —     198,775   4,708,217   2,938,167   12,822,493   204,167,992   12,893,400   1,681,119,150 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2017*

          

United States

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     320,069,332   —     320,069,332 

Other

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     71,209,448   —     71,209,448 

Europe

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     117,260,334   1,062,795   118,323,129 

Local

  —     863,573,083   334,755   41,741   3,714,941   4,125,345   12,648,381   66,619   2,922,945   887,427,810 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  —     863,573,083   334,755   41,741   3,714,941   4,125,345   12,648,381   508,605,733   3,985,740   1,397,029,719 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2016*

          

United States

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     236,095,685   —     236,095,685 

Other

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     67,377,456   72,660   67,450,116 

Europe

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     90,817,488   —     90,817,488 

Local

  —     653,653,617   132,521   70,112   2,813,887   3,875,311   15,452,693   862,641   2,869,161   679,729,943 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  —     653,653,617   132,521   70,112   2,813,887   3,875,311   15,452,693   395,153,270   2,941,821   1,074,093,232 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Major products and services

          

2018

          

Crude oil

  482,259,045   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     482,259,045 

Gas

  3,586   110,216,105   —     —     —     —     —     34,446,277   —     144,665,968 

Refined petroleum products

  —     850,342,124   —     —     —     —     —     167,796,526   —     1,018,138,650 

Oher

  —     —     —     —     —     2,933,425   12,809,114   1,861,152   9,778,794   27,382,485 

Services

  23,110   546,136   —     198,775   4,708,217   4,742   13,379   64,037   3,114,606   8,673,002 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  482,285,741   961,104,365   —     198,775   4,708,217   2,938,167   12,822,493   204,167,992   12,893,400   1,681,119,150 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2017*

          

Crude oil

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     356,623,113   —     356,623,113 

Gas

  —     116,021,269   —     —     —     —     —     22,253,493   —     138,274,762 

Refined petroleum products

  —     738,943,017   —     —     —     —     —     124,644,353   —     863,587,370 

Oher

  —     2,491,860   —     —     —     4,123,006   12,621,648   5,018,152   3,159,239   27,413,905 

Services

  —     6,116,937   334,755   41,741   3,714,941   2,339   26,733   66,622   826,501   11,130,569 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  —     863,573,083   334,755   41,741   3,714,941   4,125,345   12,648,381   508,605,733   3,985,740   1,397,029,719 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2016*

          

Crude oil

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     268,999,873   —     268,999,873 

Gas

  —     115,997,297   —     —     —     —     —     13,813,301   —     129,810,598 

Refined petroleum products

  —     529,322,404   —     —     —     —     —     106,770,273   —     636,092,677 

Oher

  —     2,768,313   —     —     —     3,873,402   15,392,552   5,534,217   2,646,958   30,215,442 

Services

  —     5,565,603   132,521   70,112   2,813,887   1,909   60,141   35,606   294,863   8,974,642 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

�� 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  —     653,653,617   132,521   70,112   2,813,887   3,875,311   15,452,693   395,153,270   2,941,821   1,074,093,232 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Timing of revenue recognition

          

2018

          

Products transferred at a point in time

  482,262,631   960,558,229   —     —     —     2,933,425   12,809,114   204,103,954   9,778,794   1,672,446,147 

Products and services transferred over the time

  23,110   546,136   —     198,775   4,708,217   4,742   13,379   64,038   3,114,606   8,673,003 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  482,285,741   961,104,365   —     198,775   4,708,217   2,938,167   12,822,493   204,167,992   12,893,400   1,681,119,150 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2017*

          

Products transferred at a point in time

  —     857,456,146   —     —     —     4,123,006   12,621,648   508,539,111   3,159,239   1,385,899,150 

Products and services transferred over the time

  —     6,116,937   334,755   41,741   3,714,941   2,339   26,733   66,622   826,501   11,130,569 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  —     863,573,083   334,755   41,741   3,714,941   4,125,345   12,648,381   508,605,733   3,985,740   1,397,029,719 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

2016*

          

Products transferred at a point in time

  —     648,088,014   —     —     —     3,873,402   15,392,552   395,117,664   2,646,958   1,065,118,590 

Products and services transferred over the time

  —     5,565,603   132,521   70,112   2,813,887   1,909   60,141   35,606   294,863   8,974,642 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  —     653,653,617   132,521   70,112   2,813,887   3,875,311   15,452,693   395,153,270   2,941,821   1,074,093,232 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

*

PEMEX applied the modified retrospective transition method to the implementation of IFRS 15. Under this method the comparative financial information is notre-established.

(1)

This company was liquidated on July 27, 2018. Except for certain expenses incurred in the liquidation, all the operations were transferred to Pemex Industrial Transformation. (See Note 1)

B. Accounts receivable in the Statement of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017,2019, PEMEX had accounts receivable derived from customer contracts in the amounts of Ps. 87,740,51568,382,413 and Ps. 114,486,024,89,263,870, respectively (see Note 10).

C. Practical expedients

1)

Expiration of contracts.

PEMEX has no outstanding performance obligations to meet As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, advance of customers was Ps. 8,548,260 and Ps. 6,627,033, respectively. The amount of Ps. 6,627,033 and Ps. 6,154,333 included in advance from customers as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, due to the nature of its operations (see Note4-A).were recognized as revenue in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

C.

Practical expedients

 

2)i.

Significant financial component, less than one year.year

PEMEX does not need to adjust the amount committed in consideration for goods and services to account for the effects of a significant financing component, since the transfer and the time of payment of a good or service committed to the customer is less than one year.

3)ii.

PEMEX applied the practical file,Practical expedient

PEMEX applied the practical expedient, so disclosure about remaining performance obligations that conclude in less than one year is not needed.

When PEMEX is entitled to consideration for an amount that directly corresponds to the value of the performance that PEMEX has completed, it may recognize an income from ordinary activities for the amount to which it has the right to invoice.

D.

COVID-19 pandemic impacts

Decline in international crude oil prices and other impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic

On March 6, 2020, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”), led by Saudi Arabia, Russia and other groups of petroleum producers, did not come to an agreement to reduce crude oil production in order to support crude oil prices, which resulted in a significant drop in global crude oil prices.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the Covid-19 outbreak a pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous deaths and governments across the world have instituted measures to address the pandemic, including mandatory quarantines, social distancing guidelines, travel restrictions and declaration of health emergencies. The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic have led to a worldwide economic slowdown, and as a result a decrease in global demand for crude oil and derivatives.

In order to address the drop in crude oil prices that began in March 2020, on April 12, 2020, OPEC and other non-OPEC oil exporting countries, including, among others, Mexico and Russia, reached an agreement to reduce world crude oil supply. Pursuant to this agreement, these countries, which are known as OPEC+, agreed to reduce their overall crude oil production by 9.7 million barrels per day from May 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020, by 7.7 million barrels per day from July 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020 and by 5.8 million barrels per day from January 1, 2021 through April 30, 2022. In particular, Mexico agreed to reduce its crude oil production by 100,000 barrels per day for a period of two months beginning on May 1, 2020. During May, June, July, August, September, October and November 2020, PEMEX decreased its crude oil production to 1,676.6, 1,654.7, 1,647.3, 1,687.9, 1,697.8, 1,680.2 and 1,688.8 thousand barrels per day, respectively.

On April 20, 2020, Mexican crude oil experienced an unprecedented drop below U.S. $0.00 to negative U.S. $2.37 per barrel. This drastic drop in price was due to low oil demand as a result of Covid-19 and the lack of oil storage. As of December 31, 2020, the weighted average Mexican crude oil price was U.S. $47.16 per barrel, a decrease of U.S. $10.52 per barrel as compared to the 2019 weighted average Mexican crude oil export price. Any future decline in international crude oil and natural gas prices will have a similar negative impact on PEMEX’s results of operations and financial condition.

PEMEX has been affected by these developments and in order to address these adverse effects on its budget results to comply with its budget financial goal established in the approved budget, PEMEX is taking actions to offset the expected decrease in revenue for the year (see Notes 22 and 28).

PEMEX prepared its budget for 2020 based on a Mexican crude oil basket price of U.S. $49.00 per barrel and contracted financial derivative instruments to hedge PEMEX’s risk exposure to declines in the price of Mexican crude oil price, when it falls below the average price of U.S. $49.00 per barrel, up to a floor of U.S. $44.00 per barrel (see Note 18).

Despite the presence of Covid-19 in Mexico, PEMEX has continued to develop its hydrocarbon exploration, production and trading activities. In some cases, PEMEX has allowed its personnel to work remotely. The greatest economic impact for PEMEX has been the decline in its domestic sales of petroleum products due to the stoppage of economic activities and the confinement of the population in their homes.

Decrease in demand for refined products

As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Mexican Government, through the Secretaría de Salud (Mexican Ministry of Health), has implemented actions to protect against Covid-19. Some of these actions consist of, among others, directives to avoid places of work, crowded public areas, public buildings or unnecessary social activities during this time. These preventative measures caused a decrease in demand of certain goods and services, including petroleum products.

Primarily as a result of the worldwide economic slowdown and, in particular, the decrease in fuel demand, PEMEX had a 32% decrease in its domestic sales of petroleum products as of December 31, 2020 as compared to 2019.

NOTE 8. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

A.

A. Accounting classifications and fair values of financial instruments

The following tables present information about PEMEX’s carrying amounts and fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities, including their levels in the fair value hierarchy, as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019. It does not include fair value information for financial assets and financial liabilities not measured at fair value if the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.

Additionally, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the disclosure of the fair value of lease liabilities is also not required.

  Carrying amount  Fair value hierarchy 

As of December 31,
2018

In thousands of pesos

 FVTPL  FVOCI –
debt
instruments
  FVOCI –
equity
instruments
  Financial assets at
amortized cost
  Other financial
liabilities
  Total carrying
amount
  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total 

Financial assets measured at fair value

          

Derivative financial instruments

 Ps.22,382,277   —     —     —     —    Ps.22,382,277   —     22,382,277   —     22,382,277 

Equity instruments

  —     —     245,440   —     —     245,440   —     245,440   —     245,440 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

     

Total

 Ps.22,382,277   —     245,440   —     —    Ps.22,627,717     

Financial assets not measured at fair value

          

Cash and cash equivalents

 Ps.—     —     —     81,912,409   —    Ps.81,912,409   —     —     —     —   

Accounts receivable, net

  —     —     —     167,139,778   —     167,139,778   —     —     —     —   

Investments in joint ventures, associates and other

  —     —     —     16,841,545   —     16,841,545   —     —     —     —   

Long-term notes receivable

  —     —     —     157,982,449   —     157,982,449   —     —     —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

     

Total

 Ps.—     —     —     423,876,181   —    Ps.423,876,181     

Financial liabilities measured at fair value

          

Derivative financial instruments

 Ps.(15,895,245  —     —     —     —    Ps.(15,895,245  —     (15,895,245  —     (15,895,245
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

     

Total

 Ps.(15,895,245  —     —     —     —    Ps.(15,895,245    

Financial liabilities not measured at fair value

          

Suppliers

 Ps.—     —     —     —     (149,842,712 Ps.(149,842,712  —     —     —     —   

Accounts and accrued expenses payable

  —     —     —     —     (24,917,669  (24,917,669  —     —     —     —   

Debt

  —     —     —     —     (2,082,286,116  (2,082,286,116  —     (1,913,377,218  —     (1,913,377,218
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

     

Total

 Ps.—     —     —     —     (2,257,046,497 Ps. (2,257,046,497    
  Carrying amount  Fair value hierarchy 

As of December 31,
2017

In thousands of pesos

 FVTPL  Held-to-maturity  Loans and
receivables
  Available-for-sale  Other financial
liabilities
  Total carrying
amount
  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total 

Financial assets measured at fair value

          

Derivative financial instruments

 Ps.30,113,454   —     —     —     —    Ps.30,113,454   —     30,113,454   —     30,113,454 

Equity instruments

  —     —     —     1,056,918   —     1,056,918   —     1,056,918   —     1,056,918 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

     

Total

 Ps.30,113,454   —     —     1,056,918   —    Ps.31,170,372     

Financial assets not measured at fair value

          

Cash and cash equivalents

 Ps.—     —     97,851,754   —     —    Ps.97,851,754   —     —     —     —   

Accounts receivable, net

  —     —     168,123,028   —     —     168,123,028   —     —     —     —   

Investments in joint ventures, associates and other

  —     16,707,364   —     —     —     16,707,364   —     —     —     —   

Long-term notes receivable

  —     151,015,115   —     —     —     151,015,115   —     —     —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

     

Total

 Ps.—     167,722,479   265,974,782   —     —    Ps.433,697,261     

Financial liabilities measured at fair value

          

Derivative financial instruments

 Ps. (17,745,979  —     —     —     —    Ps.(17,745,979  —     (17,745,979  —     (17,745,979
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

     

Total

 Ps. (17,745,979  —     —     —     —    Ps.(17,745,979    

Financial liabilities not measured at fair value

          

Suppliers

 Ps.—     —     —     —     (139,955,378 Ps.(139,955,378  —     —     —     —   

Accounts and accrued expenses payable

  —     —     —     —     (23,211,401  (23,211,401  —     —     —     —   

Debt

  —     —     —     —     (2,037,875,071  (2,037,875,071  —     (2,153,383,220  —     (2,153,383,220
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

     

Total

 Ps.—     —     —     —     (2,201,041,850 Ps. (2,201,041,850    

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

  Carrying amount  Fair value hierarchy       

As of December 31, 2020

 FVTPL  FVOCI –
debt
instruments
  FVOCI –
equity
instruments
  Financial
assets at
amortized

cost
  Other
financial
liabilities
  Total
carrying
amount
  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total 

Financial assets measured at fair value

          

Derivative financial instruments

  25,947,993   —     —     —     —     25,947,993   —     25,947,993   —     25,947,993 

Equity instruments(i)

  —     —     384,665   —     —     384,665   —     384,665   —     384,665 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  25,947,993   —     384,665   —     —     26,332,658     
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financial assets not measured at fair value

          

Cash and cash equivalents

  —     —     —     39,989,781   —     39,989,781   —     —     —     —   

Customers

  —     —     —     68,382,413   —     68,382,413   —     —     —     —   

Other non-financing accounts receivable

  —     —     —     1,944,413   —     1,944,413   —     —     —     —   

Officials and employees

  —     —     —     3,539,505   —     3,539,505   —     —     —     —   

Sundry debtors

  —     —     —     28,076,118   —     28,076,118   —     —     —     —   

Investments in joint ventures and associates

  —     —     —     12,015,129   —     12,015,129   —     —     —     —   

Notes receivable

  —     —     —     886,827   —     886,827   —     —     —     —   

Government Bonds

  —     —     —     129,549,519   —     129,549,519   129,320,536   —     —     129,320,536 

Other assets

  —     —     —     3,824,923   —     3,824,923   —     —     —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  —     —     —     288,208,618   —     288,208,618     
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financial liabilities measured at fair value

          

Derivative financial instruments

  (9,318,015  —     —     —     —     (9,318,015  —     (9,318,015  —     (9,318,015
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (9,318,015  —     —     —     —     (9,318,015    
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financial liabilities not measured at fair value

          

Suppliers

  —     —     —     —     (281,978,041  (281,978,041  —     —     —     —   

Accounts and accrued expenses payable

  —     —     —     —     (30,709,497  (30,709,497  —     —     —     —   

Leases

  —     —     —     —     (63,184,128  (63,184,128  —     —     —     —   

Debt

  —     —     —     —     (2,258,727,317  (2,258,727,317  —     (2,232,694,117  —     (2,232,694,117
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  —     —     —     —     (2,634,598,983  (2,634,598,983    
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(i)

Refers to the participation in TAG Pipelines Sur, S. de R.L. de C.V.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

  Carrying amount  Fair value hierarchy       

As of December 31, 2019

 FVTPL  FVOCI –
debt
instruments
  FVOCI –
equity
instruments
  Financial
assets at
amortized
cost
  Other
financial
liabilities
  Total
carrying
amount
  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total 

Financial assets measured at fair value

          

Derivative financial instruments

  11,496,330   —     —     —     —     11,496,330   —     11,496,330   —     11,496,330 

Equity instruments (i)

  —     —     346,563   —     —     346,563   —     346,563   —     346,563 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  11,496,330   —     346,563   —     —     11,842,893     
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financial assets not measured at fair value

          

Cash and cash equivalents

  —     —     —     60,621,631   —     60,621,631   —     —     —     —   

Customers

  —     —     —     89,263,870   —     89,263,870   —     —     —     —   

Officials and employees

  —     —     —     3,667,242   —     3,667,242   —     —     —     —   

Sundry debtors

  —     —     —     27,748,849   —     27,748,849   —     —     —     —   

Investments in joint ventures and associates

  —     —     —     14,874,579   —     14,874,579   —     —     —     —   

Notes receivable

  —     —     —     127,475,276   —     127,475,276   —     —     —     —   

Other assets

  —     —     —     3,451,096   —     3,451,096   —     —     —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  —     —     —     327,102,543   —     327,102,543     
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financial liabilities measured at fair value

          

Derivative financial instruments

  (16,650,171  —     —     —     —     (16,650,171  —     (16,650,171  —     (16,650,171
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (16,650,171  —     —     —     —     (16,650,171    
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Financial liabilities not measured at fair value

          

Suppliers

  —     —     —     —     (208,034,407  (208,034,407  —     —     —     —   

Accounts and accrued expenses payable

  —     —     —     —     (26,055,151  (26,055,151  —     —     —     —   

Leases

  —     —     —     —     (68,148,627  (68,148,627  —     —     —     —   

Debt

  —     —     —     —     (1,983,174,088  (1,983,174,088  —     (2,035,079,540  —     (2,035,079,540
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  —     —     —     —     (2,285,412,273  (2,285,412,273    
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(i)

Refers to the participation in TAG Pipelines Sur, S. de R.L. de C.V.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, PEMEX has monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency as indicated below:

   As of December 31, 2020 
   Foreign currency 
   Assets   Liabilities   Net position
Asset/(Liability)
  Exchange
rate
   Equivalent to
Mexican peso
 

U.S. dollar

   7,293,404    87,866,609    (80,573,205  19.9487   Ps.(1,607,330,695

Euro

   2,564    13,501,943    (13,499,379  24.4052    (329,455,044

Pounds sterling

   30    819,590    (819,560  27.2579    (22,339,485

Japanese yen

   —      110,165,166    (110,165,166  0.1933    (21,294,927

Swiss francs

   —      515,348    (515,348  22.5720    (11,632,435
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

 

     Ps. (1,992,052,586
     

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

   As of December 31, 2019 
   Foreign currency 
   Assets   Liabilities   Net position
Asset

/(Liability)
  Exchange
rate
   Equivalent to
Mexican peso
 

U.S. dollar

   11,817,320    76,053,967    (64,236,647  18.8452    Ps. (1,210,552,460

Euro

   1,974    27,932,908    (27,930,934  21.1537    (590,842,599

Pounds sterling

   29    1,575,918    (1,575,889  24.9586    (39,331,983

Japanese yen

   —      221,975,145    (221,975,145  0.1734    (38,490,490

Swiss francs

   —      1,666,864    (1,666,864  19.4596    (32,436,507
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

 

      Ps. (1,911,654,039
     

 

 

 

Debt is valued and registered at amortized cost and the fair value of debt is estimated using quotes from major market sources which are then adjusted internally using standard market pricing models. As a result of relevant assumptions, the estimated fair value does not necessarily represent the actual terms at which existing transactions could be liquidated or unwound.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, PEMEX had monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency as indicated below:

   As of December 31, 2018 
   Foreing currency        
   Asset   Liability   Net
Asset
(Liability)
  Exchange
rate
   Equivalent in
Mexican Pesos
 

U.S. dollar

   8,458,532    80,583,838    (72,125,306 19.6829    (1,419,635,185

Euro

   14,459    15,714,542    (15,700,083 22.5054    (353,336,648

Pounds sterling

   —      816,469    (816,469 25.0878    (20,483,411

Japanese yen

   —      467,077,295    (467,077,295   0.1793    (83,746,959

Swiss francs

   —      2,843,298    (2,843,298 19.9762    (56,798,290
         

 

 

 

Total

         Ps.(1,934,000,493
         

 

 

 
   As of December 31, 2017 
   Foreing currency        
   Asset   Liability   Net
Asset
(Liability)
  Exchange
rate
   Equivalent in
Mexican Pesos
 

U.S. dollar

   12,942,402    79,871,378    (66,928,976 19.7867    (1,324,303,569

Euro

   701,619    13,988,051    (13,286,432 23.7549    (315,617,864

Pounds sterling

   —      870,661    (870,661 26.7724    (23,309,685

Japanese yen

   —      341,603,010    (341,603,010   0.1757    (60,019,649

Swiss francs

   —      2,642,304    (2,642,304 20.2992    (53,636,657
         

 

 

 

Total

         Ps.(1,776,887,424
         

 

 

 

The information related to “Cash and cash equivalents”, “Accounts receivable, net”“Customers and other accounts receivable”, “Equity instruments”, “Investment“Investments in joint ventures and associates”, “Long-term notes receivable, government bonds and other assets”, “Debt”, “Leases” and “Derivative Financial Instruments”financial instruments” is described in the following notes, respectively:

 

Note 9, Cash and cash equivalents.

 

Note 10, Accounts receivable, net.Customers and other financing and non-financing accounts receivable.

 

Note 12, Equity instruments.

Note 14, InvestmentInvestments in joint ventures and associates.

 

Note 17,15, Long-term notes receivable, government bonds and other assets.

 

Note 18,16, Debt.

 

Note 19,17, Leases.

Note 18, Derivative financial instruments.

B. Fair value hierarchy

B.

Fair value hierarchy-

PEMEX values the fair value of its financial instruments under standard methodologies commonly applied in the financial markets. PEMEX’s related assumptions and inputs therefore fall under the three Levels of the fair value hierarchy for market participant assumptions, as described below.

The fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observed for assets or liabilities. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the assets or liabilities, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the assets or liabilities.

Management uses appropriate valuation techniques based on the available inputs to measure the fair values of PEMEX’s applicable financial assets and financial liabilities.

When available, PEMEX measures fair value using Level 1 inputs, because they generally provide the most reliable evidence of fair value.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 9. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

a. As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, cash and cash equivalents were as follows:

 

 2018 2017   2020   2019 

Cash on hand and in banks(i)

 Ps. 41,974,735  Ps. 55,871,127    Ps. 20,211,875    Ps. 27,502,675 

Highly liquid investments(ii)

 39,937,674  41,980,627    19,777,906    33,118,956 
 

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 
 Ps. 81,912,409  Ps. 97,851,754    Ps. 39,989,781    Ps. 60,621,631 
 

 

  

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

(i)

Cash on hand and in banks is primarily composed of cash in banks.

(ii)

Mainly composed of short-term Mexican Government investments.

NOTE 10. CUSTOMERS AND OTHER FINANCING AND NON-FINANCINGACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE NET

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, accounts receivable and other receivables were as follows:

a.

A.

Customers

   2020   2019 

Domestic customers, net

   Ps. 35,049,717    Ps. 46,792,824 

Export customers, net

   33,332,696    42,471,046 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total customers

   Ps. 68,382,413    Ps. 89,263,870 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Customers and other accounts receivable are presented separately in the statement of financial position to conform the financial position more clearly.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

  2018  2017 

Domestic customers, net

 Ps. 48,520,478  Ps. 60,057,141 

Export customers, net

  39,220,037   54,428,883 
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total customers

 Ps.87,740,515  Ps. 114,486,024 
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Sundry debtors(i)

  53,388,512   23,583,497 

Taxes to be recovered and prepaid taxes

  18,405,990   23,039,023 

Employees and officers

  6,333,216   5,681,478 

Advances to suppliers

  597,700   1,250,846 

Other accounts receivable

  673,845   82,160 
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total account receivable

 Ps.79,399,263  Ps.53,637,004 
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total account receivable, net

 Ps. 167,139,778  Ps.168,123,028 
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

(i)

Mainly Special Tax on Production and Services.

The following table shows a breakdown of accounts receivable based on their credit history at December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, as well as the relation between the breakdown and the impaired amount:

 

   Domestic customers 
   2018   2017 

1 to 30 days

  Ps.1,172,961   Ps.10,188,070 

31 to 60 days

   133,538    4,081,862 

61 to 90 days

   375,790    777,409 

More than 90 days

   584,886    11,345,933 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Past due

   2,267,175    26,393,274 

Impaired (reserved)(1)

   (1,409,014   (951,932
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unimpaired

   858,161    25,441,342 

Current

   47,662,317    34,615,799 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps. 48,520,478   Ps.60,057,141 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

The increase in the impairment of domestic customers of Ps.457,082 in 2018, comes mainly from accounts receivables of Pemex Industrial Transformation.

  Domestic customers 
  Export customers   2020   2019 
  2018   2017 

Current

   Ps. 34,034,116    Ps. 44,898,986 

1 to 30 days

  Ps.34,839   Ps.334,155    535,938    801,299 

31 to 60 days

   3,313    —      110,911    302,817 

61 to 90 days

   26,444    —      19,614    604,025 

More than 90 days

   307,089    315,888    1,531,867    1,285,883 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Past due

   371,865    650,043 

Total

   36,232,446    47,893,010 

Impaired (reserved)

   (321,438   (272,813   (1,182,729   (1,100,186
  

 

   

 

 

Unimpaired

   50,247    377,230 

Current

   39,169,790    54,051,653 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  Ps.       39,220,037   Ps.54,428,883    Ps. 35,049,717    Ps. 46,792,824 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  Export customers 
  2020   2019 

Current

   Ps. 30,346,622    Ps. 36,037,725 

1 to 30 days

   2,925,807    5,895,862 

31 to 60 days

   73,026    11,120 

61 to 90 days

   8,063    31,182 

More than 90 days

   190,541    677,980 
  

 

   

 

 

Total

   33,544,059    42,653,869 

Impaired (reserved)

   (211,363   (182,823
  

 

   

 

 

Total

   Ps. 33,332,696    Ps. 42,471,046 
  

 

   

 

 

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, PEMEX has exposure to credit risk related to accounts receivable, with an averagesee contractual payment term of 36 and 43 days, respectively.terms in Note 7.

Additionally, the reconciliation for impaired accounts receivable is as follows:

 

   Domestic customers 
   2018   2017 

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps. (951,932  Ps. (458,428

Adjustment on initial application of IFRS9

   44,590    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at January 1 under IFRS 9

   (907,342   (458,428

Additions against income

   —      (493,514

Amount used

   —      10 

Impairment accounts receivable

   (501,672   —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at the end of the year

  Ps. (1,409,014  Ps. (951,932
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Export customers 
   2018   2017 

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps. (272,813  Ps. (374,699

Adjustment on initial application of IFRS9

   (69,639   —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at January 1 under IFRS 9

   (342,452   (374,699

Additions against income

   —      (204,713

Amount used

   —      297,047 

Translation effects

   —      9,552 

Impairment accounts receivable

   21,014    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at the end of the year

  Ps.       (321,438  Ps. (272,813
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Domestic customers 
   2020   2019 

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps.(1,100,186  Ps. (1,409,014

Impairment accounts receivable

   (82,543   308,828 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at the end of the year

  Ps. (1,182,729  Ps. (1,100,186
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Export customers 
   2020   2019 

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps.(182,823  Ps. (321,438

Impairment accounts receivable

   (20,353   111,674 

Translation effects

   (8,187   26,941 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at the end of the year

  Ps.(211,363  Ps. (182,823
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Methodology to determine the estimation of the impairment of the accounts receivable

PEMEX allocates each exposure to a credit risk grade based on data that is determined to be predictive of the risk of loss (including but not limited to, audited financial statements, management accounts and cash flow projections and available information about customers) and applying experienced credit judgment. Credit risk grades are defined using qualitative and quantitative factors that are indicative of the risk of default. Exposures within each credit risk grade are segmented by each Subsidiary Entity and its commercial business lines, so the expected credit loss rate is calculated for each segment based on actual credit loss experienced over the past two years. These rates are multiplied by scale factors to reflect differences between the economic conditions during the period over which historical data has been collected, current conditions and PEMEX’s view of economic conditions over the expected lives of the receivables.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, the expected percentage of credit loss for accounts receivable for each Subsidiary Entity and Subsidiary Company was: 0.72%0.02% for Pemex Fertilizers, 2.70%2.42% for Pemex Industrial Transformation, 3.15%4.79% for Pemex Corporate, 0.69% for Pemex Ethylene, 10.80%1.44% for Pemex Logistics, 21.71% for Pemex Drilling and Services, 0.06%0.17% for PMI CIM and 4.65%0.63% for PMI TRD. As of December 31, 2019, the expected percentage of credit loss for accounts receivable for each Subsidiary Entity and Subsidiary Company was: 1.72% for Pemex Fertilizers, 1.06% for Pemex Industrial Transformation, 1.53% for Corporate, 1.20% for Pemex Logistics, 0.07% for PMI CIM and 0.47% for PMI TRD.

The amount of impairment(impairment) of accounts receivablesdomestic and export customers recognized in the income statement for 2020 and 2019 was Ps. 582,855, which includes(102,896) and Ps. (447,441), respectively.

B. Other financial and non-financial accounts receivable

   2020   2019 

Financial assets:

    

Sundry debtors(1)

   Ps. 28,076,118    Ps. 27,748,849 

Employees and officers

   3,539,505    3,667,242 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total financial assets

   Ps. 31,615,623    Ps. 31,416,091 

Non-financial assets:

    

Taxes to be recovered and prepaid taxes

   Ps. 55,187,272    Ps. 26,162,225 

Special Tax on Production and Services

   32,657,743    31,587,018 

Advances to suppliers

   —      565,817 

Other accounts receivable

   1,944,413    1,510,660 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-financial assets:

   Ps. 89,789,428    Ps. 59,825,720 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Includes Ps. (197,215) and Ps. (37,139) of impairment, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the impairment of customers and other accounts receivables.consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 11. INVENTORIES

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, inventories were as follows:

 

  2018   2017   2020   2019 

Refined and petrochemicals products

  Ps.43,134,519   Ps.27,862,384    Ps. 32,175,910    Ps. 41,211,837 

Products in transit

     16,260,213      19,112,606 

Crude oil

   16,708,606    11,445,780    11,997,570    14,087,218 

Materials and products in stock

   5,292,796    5,172,779    4,736,659    4,381,628 

Products in transit

   3,476,807    22,719,635 

Gas and condensate products

   142,136    144,284 

Materials in transit

   490,403    180,711    76,579    127,594 

Gas and condensate products

   136,031    84,670 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  Ps.82,022,568   Ps.63,858,930    Ps. 52,605,661    Ps. 82,672,196 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

NOTE 12. EQUITY INSTRUMENTS

As of December 31, 2017, PEMEX was in the process of selling its shares of TAG Norte Holding, S. de R.L. de C.V. and TAG Pipeline Sur, S. de R.L. de C.V. These shares were valued at their net realizable value, which, as of December 31, 2017, resulted in a negative value that was recognized in the profit or loss at the end of the year. As of December 31, 2017,available-for-sale currentnon-financial assets amounted to Ps. 1,056,918.

On September 4 and 5, 2018, PEMEX received the payment for the sale of its 5% interest in TAG Norte Holding, S. de R.L. de C.V., which was recorded as equity instruments in the amount of U.S.$ 43,036 (Ps. 826,046), obtaining a net profit of Ps.10,257.

As of December 31, 2018, due to the adoption of IFRS 9, PEMEX classified its TAG Pipeline Sur, S. de R.L. de C.V. shares of Ps. 245,440 as equity instruments.

Before the initial application of IFRS 9 on January 1, 2018, PEMEX classified these investments asavailable-for-sale financial assets. Beginning January 1, 2018 these investments are now classified as equity instruments.

NOTE 13.HELD-FOR-SALENON-FINANCIAL ASSETS

As of December 31, 2018, Pemex Logistics has Ps. 1,253,638 asheld-for-sale currentnon-financial assets, the potential sale of which is being given careful consideration to maximize its value and maintain a presence in the market.

These held-for-sale current non-financial assets consisted of the following:

December 31,
2018

Plants

Ps.712,246

Pipelines

143,434

Buildings

116,868

Lands

92,400

Telecommunications equipment

6,311

Oher assets

1,278

Ps.1,072,537

The details relating to the potential sale of these assets are classified as “reserved”, pursuant to Article 110, sections VIII and XIII of the Ley Federal de Transparencia y Acceso a la información Pública (Federal Law on Transparency and Access to Public Information), in relation to Article 82 and Article 111 of the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, since the details are still being considered and evaluated and contain sensitive facts about the commercial and economic scope, which only pertain to PEMEX and its commercial partners.

In addition to the Ps. 1,072,537, there are Ps. 181,101 inheld-for-sale assets to CENAGAS, composed of 74 buildings and 10 undeveloped properties.

NOTE 14. INVESTMENTS IN JOINT VENTURES AND ASSOCIATES

The investments in joint ventures and associates as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, were as follows:

 

   Percentage  December 31, 
   of investment  2018   2017 

Deer Park Refining Limited

   49.99  Ps. 14,731,030    Ps. 14,405,542 

Sierrita Gas Pipeline LLC

   35.00  1,068,995    1,084,169 

Frontera Brownsville, LLC.

   50.00  472,898    471,085 

Texas Frontera, LLC.

   50.00  228,564    239,782 

CH 4 Energía, S. A.

   50.00  155,878    315,713 

Administración Portuaria Integral de Dos Bocas, S. A. de C.V.

   40.00  118,478    64,328 

PMV Minera, S. A. de C. V. (iii)

   44.09  —      45,133 

Ductos el Peninsular, S. A. P. I. de C. V.

   30.00  17,244    18,336 

Other-net

   Various   48,458    63,276 
   

 

 

   

 

 

 
    Ps. 16,841,545    Ps. 16,707,364 
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Percentage
of investment
  December 31, 
  2020   2019 

Deer Park Refining Limited

  49.99 Ps.9,635,176   Ps. 12,652,599 

Sierrita Gas Pipeline LLC

  35.00  1,232,464    1,171,593 

Frontera Brownsville, LLC.

  50.00  479,520    446,202 

Texas Frontera, LLC.

  50.00  197,708    199,923 

CH 4 Energía, S. A. de C.V.

  50.00  141,339    192,614 

Administración Portuaria Integral de Dos Bocas, S. A. de C.V.

  40.00  208,152    165,370 

Other-net

   Various   120,770    46,278 
  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Ps. 12,015,129   Ps. 14,874,579 
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates:

 

  December 31, 
  2018   2017   2016   2020   2019   2018 

Deer Park Refining Limited

  Ps.872,885   Ps.920,409   Ps.1,437,850   Ps. (4,056,037  Ps. (1,438,308  Ps.872,885 

Sierrita Gas Pipeline LLC

   124,209    129,401    105,825    182,805    118,959    124,209 

Frontera Brownsville, LLC.

   59,973    66,798    57,769    55,738    47,719    59,973 

Administración Portuaria Integral de Dos Bocas, S.A. de C.V.

   42,782    46,893    54,149 

Texas Frontera, LLC.

   55,316    51,412    50,710    34,486    47,585    55,316 

CH4 Energía S.A. de C.V.

   15,395    125,132    —      21,224    36,864    15,395 

Administración Portuaria Integral de Dos Bocas, S.A. de C.V.

   54,149    (75,195   —   

PMV Minera, S.A. de C.V. (iii)

   6,863    6,253    —   

Ductos el Peninsular, S. A. P. I. de C. V.

   (1,092   74    —      (1,097   (17,605   (1,092

Petroquímica Mexicana de Vinilo, S. A. de C. V.(iii)

   352,816    (1,223,640   (190,468

Ductos y Energéticos del Norte, S.A. de C.V.(i)

   —      360,092    —   

Gasoductos de Chihuahua, S. de R. L. de C. V. (ii)

   —      —      638,126 

PMV Minera, S.A. de C.V. (i)

   —      —      6,863 

Petroquímica Mexicana de Vinilo, S. A. de C. V. (i)

   —      —      352,816 

Other, net

   (13,502   (296   45,800    179,566    —      (13,502
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Profit sharing in joint ventures and associates, net

  Ps. 1,527,012   Ps.360,440   Ps.2,135,845 

(Loss) profit sharing in joint ventures and associates, net

  Ps. (3,540,533  Ps. (1,157,893  Ps. 1,527,012 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

i.(i)

On November 16, 2017, PEMEX sold its 50% interest in Ductos y Energéticos del Norte, S. de R.L. de C. V., to Infraestructura Energética Nova, S.A.B. of C.V. for a total of U.S. $ 3,141,710, yielding a gain of Ps. 3,139,103.

ii.

On September 28, 2016, PEMEX completed the divestiture of its 50% ownership interest in the Gasoductos de Chihuahua S. de R.L. de C.V. joint venture with Infraestructura Energética Nova, S.A.B. de C.V. The stock was sold for Ps. 22,684,736, yielding a gain of Ps. 15,211,039.

iii.

On November 30, 2018, PEMEX received the payment for the sale of its total 44.09% interest in Petroquímica Mexicana de Vinilo, S.A. de C.V. and 44.09% interest in PMV Minera, S.A. de C.V. which were recorded as investments in joint ventures and associates. The sale price was Ps. 3,198,597 and Ps. 53,701, respectively, for a gain of Ps. 689,268 and Ps. 1,646, respectively.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The following tables show condensed financial information of major investments recognized under the equity method during 2018as of December 31, 2020 and 2017:2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

 

   Condensed statements of financial position 
   Deer Park Refining Limited   Sierrita Gas Pipeline, LLC 
   2018   2017   2018   2017 

Total assets

  Ps. 41,119,684   Ps. 41,075,547   Ps. 3,140,289   Ps.3,518,036 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  Ps.11,654,678   Ps.12,261,581   Ps.86,014   Ps.420,410 

Total equity

   29,465,006    28,813,966    3,054,275    3,097,626 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

  Ps.41,119,684   Ps.41,075,547   Ps.3,140,289   Ps.3,518,036 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
i.

Joint venture

 

   Condensed statements of comprehensive income 
   Deer Park Refining Limited   Sierrita Gas Pipeline, LLC 
   December 31,   December 31, 
   2018   2017   2016   2018   2017   2016 

Sales and other income

  Ps. 17,519,219   Ps.16,427,064   Ps.16,750,155   Ps. 615,150   Ps. 840,414   Ps. 717,351 

Costs and expenses

   15,773,274    14,586,061    13,874,172    260,272    470,697    414,994 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net result

  Ps.1,745,945   Ps.1,841,003   Ps.2,875,983   Ps.354,878   Ps.369,717   Ps.302,357 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
Condensed statements of financial position 
Deer Park Refining Limited 
   December 31, 
   2020   2019 

Cash and cash equivalents

   Ps.        29,504    Ps.        24,536 

Other current assets

   294,742    1,476,541 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current assets

   324,246    1,501,077 

Non-current assets

   43,348,665    42,458,405 

Total assets

   43,672,911    43,959,482 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current financial liabilities

   11,617,624    8,008,343 

Other current liabilities

   523,354    410,524 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current liabilities

   12,140,978    8,418,867 

Non-current financial liabilities

   11,158,305    8,373,280 

Other liabilities

   1,101,348    1,859,607 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

   12,259,653    10,232,887 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   24,400,631    18,651,754 

Total equity

   19,272,280    25,307,728 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

   Ps. 43,672,911    Ps. 43,959,482 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Condensed statements of comprehensive income 
Deer Park Refining Limited 
   December 31, 
   2020(1)   2019(2)   2018 

Sales and other income

   Ps. 8,114,474    Ps.��13,560,847    Ps. 17,519,219 

Costs and expenses

   10,770,248    11,775,836    11,159,617 

Depreciation and amortization

   4,776,575    4,088,972    4,094,308 

Interest paid

   674,504    565,392    503,978 

Income tax

   6,028    7,551    15,371 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net result

   Ps. (8,112,881   Ps. (2,876,904   Ps. 1,745,945 

(1)

The net loss in 2020, was the result of the economic slowdown and the decline in consumption of refined products caused by Covid-19.

(2)

2019 net loss was due to the major maintenance of the Refinery that produced a decrease in the processing of crude oil in refined products.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

ii.

Associates

Condensed statements of financial position

 

Sierrita Gas Pipeline, LLC

 
   December 31, 
   2020   2019 

Current assets

  Ps.186,919   Ps.331,694 

Non-current assets

   3,417,052    3,222,956 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   3,603,971    3,554,650 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current liabilities

   82,648    207,241 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   82,648    207,241 

Total equity

   3,521,324    3,347,409 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

  Ps.3,603,971   Ps.3,554,650 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Condensed statements of comprehensive income

 

Sierrita Gas Pipeline, LLC

 
   December 31, 
   2020   2019   2018 

Sales and other income

  Ps.942,024   Ps.669,579   Ps.615,150 

Costs and expenses

   419,729    329,695    260,272 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net result

  Ps. 522,295   Ps. 339,884   Ps. 354,878 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Additional information about the significant investments in joint ventures and associates is presented below:

 

 

Deer Park Refining Limited (Joint venture). On March 31, 1993, PMI NASA acquired 49.99% of the Deer Park Refinery. In its capacity as general partner of Deer Park Refining Limited Partnership, Shell is responsible for the operation and management of the refinery (installed capacity of approximately 340,000 barrels per day of crude oil).Management decisions are made jointly with respect to investment in or disposal of assets, distribution of dividends, indebtedness and equity operations. In accordance with the purposeinvestment contract and the operation of which isthe agreement, the participants have the rights to provide oil refinery services to PMI NASA and Shell for a processing fee. Shell is responsible for determining the crude oil and production materials requirements and both partners are required to contribute in equal amounts. Deer Park returns to PMI NASA and Shell productsnet assets in the same amounts. Shell is responsible for purchasing the total amountproportion of finished products in stock at market prices.their participation. This joint venture is recorded under the equity method.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Associates

 

Petroquímica Mexicana de Vinilo, S.A. de C.V.On September 13, 2013, Pemex-Petrochemicals (now Pemex Industrial Transformation), through its subsidiary PPQ Cadena Productiva, S.L. and Mexichem founded Petroquímica Mexicana de Vinilo, S.A. de C.V. (“Mexicana de Vinilo”). The principal activity ofMexicana de Vinilois the production and sale of chemicals. Mexicana de Vinilo’s main products are chlorine, caustic soda, ethylene and monomers of vinyl chloride. Mexichem has been responsible for operational and financial decisions for Mexicana de Vinilo. In November 2018, PEMEX sold its total ownership interest in this company.

 

Sierrita Gas Pipeline LLC.This company was created on June 24, 2013. Its main activity is the developing of projects related to the transportation infrastructure of gas in the United States. This investment is recorded under the equity method.

 

 

Frontera Brownsville, LLC. Effective April 1, 2011, PMI SUS entered into a joint venture with TransMontaigne Operating Company L.P (TransMontaigne) to create Frontera Brownsville, LLC. Frontera Brownsville, LLC was incorporated in Delaware, United States, and has the corporate power to own and operate certain facilities for the storage and treatment of clean petroleum products. This investment is recorded under the equity method.

 

 

Texas Frontera, LLC. This company was constituted on July 27, 2010, and its principal activity is the lease of tanks for the storage of refined product. PMI SUS, which owns 50% interest in Texas Frontera, entered into a joint venture with Magellan OLP, L.P. (Magellan), and together they are entitled to the results in proportion of their respective investment. The company has seven tanks with a capacity of 120,000 barrels per tank. This joint venture is recorded under the equity method.

 

 

CH4 Energía, S.A. de C.V. This company was constituted on December 21, 2000. CH4 Energía engages in the purchase and sale of natural gas and in activities related to the trading of natural gas, such as transport and distribution in Valle de Toluca, México. This joint venture is recorded under the equity method.

 

 

Administración Portuaria Integral de Dos Bocas, S.A. de C.V.This company was constituted on August 12, 1999. Its primary activity is adminitratingadministrating the Dos Bocas port, which is in Mexico’s public domain, promoting the port’s infrastructure and providing related port services. This investment is recorded under the equity method.

 

Ductos el Peninsular S.A.P.I. de C.V.This company was created on September 22, 2014. Its primary activity is the construction and operation of an integral transportation system and storage of petroleum products in the Peninsula of Yucatán.

Petroquímica Mexicana de Vinilo, S.A. de C.V. On September 13, 2013, Pemex-Petrochemicals (now Pemex Industrial Transformation), through its subsidiary PPQ Cadena Productiva, S.L. and Mexichem, S.A.B. de C.V. (“Mexichem”) founded Petroquímica Mexicana de Vinilo, S.A. de C.V. (“Mexicana de Vinilo”). The principal activity of Mexicana de Vinilo is the production and sale of chemicals. Mexicana de Vinilo’s main products are chlorine, caustic soda, ethylene and monomers of vinyl chloride. Mexichem has been responsible for operational and financial decisions for Mexicana de Vinilo. On December 20, 2017, Petroquímica Mexicana de Vinilo permanently closed the plant. In November 2018, PEMEX sold its total ownership interest in this company.

 

PMV Minera, S.A. de C.V. This company was constituted on October 1, 2014 and the principal activity is the extraction and sale of salmuera (mixture of salt and water). This investment is recorded under the equity method. In November 2018, PEMEX sold its total ownership interest in PMV Minera, S.A. de C.V.

Ductos el Peninsular S.A.P.I. de C.V.This company was created on September 22, 2014. Its primary activity is the construction and operation of an integral transportation system and storage of petroleum products in the Peninsula of Yucatán.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 15.13. WELLS, PIPELINES, PROPERTIES, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

   Plants Drilling
equipment
 Pipelines Wells Buildings Offshore
platforms
 Furniture and
equipment
 Transportation
equipment
 Construction
in progress (1)
 Land Unproductive
fixed assets
 Other
fixed assets
 Total fixed assets  Plants Drilling
equipment
 Pipelines Wells Buildings Offshore
platforms
 Furniture and
equipment
 Transportation
equipment
 Construction
in progress (1)
 Land Unproductive
fixed assets
 Other
fixed
assets
 Total fixed
assets
 

Investment

                           

Balances as of January 1, 2017

 Ps.  758,446,110  23,269,116  460,145,428  1,318,822,917  62,743,033  322,704,205  50,746,687  19,442,845  207,414,148  44,571,618   —    491,506  3,268,797,613 

Balances as of January 1, 2019

 Ps.811,270,391  20,080,965  421,235,950  1,379,323,723  64,845,163  326,482,265  52,020,042  15,159,952  129,352,513  44,351,625   —    32,659  3,264,155,248 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Transfers to rights of use

  —    (7,005,141  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —    (7,005,141

Acquisitions

  10,018,030  418,283  7,054,793  14,937,882  802,300  7,811,374  1,183,679  284,445  51,410,469  58,563   —     —    93,979,818  8,337,019  252,382  1,251,488  29,072,723  316,499  5,436,425  184,863  1,735,581  82,520,111  182,563   —     —    129,289,654 

Reclassifications

  3,146,955   —    (53,349  —    98,245  (10,199,213 (96,899 (75,674 (812,943 (560  —    4,072,464  (3,920,974 (1,381,310  —    428,738   —    (51,885 (614,430 (234,643 47,110  (106,429 (16,161 35,403   —    (1,893,607

Unsuccessful wells

  —     —     —    (69,231,587  —     —     —     —    (7,922,365  —     —     —    (77,153,952

Capitalization

  43,033,864   —    21,357,074  36,564,811  1,265,246  8,677,765  30,879  3,746,395  (114,700,828 29,248   —    (4,454  —    6,830,064   —    6,538,540  35,251,706  143,312  13,013,199  2,566  955,134  (62,722,409 (12,112  —     —     —   

Impairment

  (48,020,616  —    2,226,771  (83,236,991  —    (15,564,190  —     —    (6,849,534  —     —     —    (151,444,560

(Impairment)

 (21,207,717  —    (53,718,547 (101,683,066 (500,745 (43,001,652  —    (2,076,680 (2,249,951  —     —     —    (224,438,358

Reversal of impairment

 48,389,246   —    85,500,267  31,086,852  1,023  25,167,135   —    646,603  2,364,078   —     —     —    193,155,204 

Disposals

  (10,598,983 (244,283 (8,862,541 (19,340,709 (208,353  —    (806,694 (226,375 (6,724,930 (112,170  —    (4,440,865 (51,565,902 (3,396,366 (235,382 (301,359 (151,405 (1,435,140  —    (1,565,266 (112,482 (1,310,108 (356,379 (35,403 (32,659 (8,931,949
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2017

  756,025,360  23,443,116  481,868,176  1,267,747,910  64,700,471  313,429,941  51,057,652  23,171,636  129,736,382  44,546,699   —    118,651  3,155,845,995 

Balances as of December 31, 2019

 Ps.848,841,327  13,092,824  460,935,077  1,303,668,946  63,318,227  326,482,942  50,407,562  16,355,218  139,925,440  44,149,536   —     —    3,267,177,099 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Acquisitions

  13,362,218  1,059,027  852,308  38,829,246  329,969  4,958,299  473,812  117,632  54,407,962  434,698  (106  —    114,825,065  13,934,129  246,351  1,911,502  15,602,539  1,118,794  3,696,726  294,329  552,865  131,963,334  543,472   —     —    169,864,041 

Reclassifications

  1,400,531  45,268  (1,603,022  —    37,343  (4,039,499 3,015,144  101,424  32,280  (6,620 2,780,266  (869 1,762,246  (1,446,201  —    228,056   —    361,131   —    410,240  7,586  (1,234,963 115,107  24,601   —    (1,534,443

Capitalization

  25,752,538   —    2,456,977  21,269,614  991,061   —    163,000  227,334  (50,828,761  —     —    (31,763  —    9,906,725   —    19,022,425  42,183,243  616,006  15,695,486  8,835  1,532  (87,150,784 (283,468  —     —     —   

Impairment

  20,226,139   —    (59,632,531 59,774,797  (831,561 12,133,524   —    (6,981,561 (3,269,810  —     —     —    21,418,997 

(Impairment)

 (66,031,126  —    (9,392,862 (48,028,474 (65,964 (16,210,995  —     —    (20,210,911  —     —     —    (159,940,332

Reversal of impairment

 9,797,281  153,456  11,943,047  73,801,995  1,563,299  25,872,979  8,159  426,560  19,856   —     —     —    123,586,632 

Disposals

  (5,496,395 (4,466,446 (2,705,958 (8,297,844 (382,120  —    (2,689,566 (1,476,513 (725,540 (623,152 (2,780,160 (53,361 (29,697,055 (3,297,113  —    (2,855,580  —    (6,599,754 (1,184,109 (2,300,115 (514,229 (1,441,548 (298,828 (24,601  —    (18,515,877
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2018

 Ps.  811,270,391  20,080,965  421,235,950  1,379,323,723  64,845,163  326,482,265  52,020,042  15,159,952  129,352,513  44,351,625   —    32,659  3,264,155,248 

Balances as of December 31, 2020

 Ps.811,705,022  13,492,631  481,791,665  1,387,228,249  60,311,739  354,353,029  48,829,010  16,829,532  161,870,424  44,225,819   —     —    3,380,637,120 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Accumulated depreciation and amortization

                           

Balances as of January 1, 2017

 Ps.  (360,016,979 (2,942,575 (152,365,227 (850,536,754 (39,124,631 (153,161,770 (36,990,666 (5,916,763  —     —     —     —    (1,601,055,365

Balances as of January 1, 2019

 (436,603,123 (5,998,481 (173,264,040 (973,467,746 (42,924,256 (179,831,090 (42,161,378 (7,419,050  —     —     —     —    (1,861,669,164

Transfers to rights of use

  —    943,639   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —    943,639 

Depreciation and amortization

  (45,709,123 (2,198,867 (15,095,115 (74,673,473 (1,906,164 (13,192,369 (2,890,563 (1,038,839  —     —     —     —    (156,704,513 (49,473,592 (591,168 (16,380,653 (51,574,532 (2,131,913 (13,820,275 (2,556,539 (658,338  —     —     —     —    (137,187,010

Reclassifications

  2,799,244   —    (72,841  —    (69,236 1,146,904  102,375  14,532   —     —     —     —    3,920,978  1,303,186   —    41,225   —    205,661  116,278  220,301  6,956   —     —     —     —    1,893,607 

Disposals

  8,902,711  127,458  7,573,769  16,810,591  59,022   —    805,916  222,764   —     —     —     —    34,502,231  3,308,366  128,561  184,172  817  1,226,345   —    1,449,659  92,471   —     —     —     —    6,390,391 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2017

  (394,024,147 (5,013,984 (159,959,414 (908,399,636 (41,041,009 (165,207,235 (38,972,938 (6,718,306  —     —     —     —    (1,719,336,669

Balances as of December 31, 2019

 Ps.(481,465,163 (5,517,449 (189,419,296 (1,025,041,461 (43,624,163 (193,535,087 (43,047,957 (7,977,961  —     —     —     —    (1,989,628,537
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

  (44,925,549 (1,347,046 (14,799,664 (70,255,577 (2,026,403 (15,968,324 (2,827,887 (1,231,590  —     —     —     —    (153,382,040 (42,071,837 (384,993 (14,042,861 (56,325,342 (1,989,834 (11,671,929 (2,249,987 (895,037  —     —     —     —    (129,631,820

Reclassifications

  (212,207 (45,953 232,680   —    17,387  1,344,469  (3,003,850 (94,772  —     —     —     —    (1,762,246 1,782,525   —    (90,590  —    (103,562  —    (203,053 149,123   —     —     —     —    1,534,443 

Disposals

  2,558,780  408,502  1,262,358  5,187,467  125,769   —    2,643,297  625,618   —     —     —     —    12,811,791  1,172,277   —    2,576,418   —    5,824,019  968,552  2,164,127  512,922   —     —     —     —    13,218,315 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2018

 Ps.  (436,603,123 (5,998,481 (173,264,040 (973,467,746 (42,924,256 (179,831,090 (42,161,378 (7,419,050  —     —     —     —    (1,861,669,164

Balances as of December 31, 2020

 Ps.(520,582,198 (5,902,442 (200,976,329 (1,081,366,803 (39,893,540 (204,238,464 (43,336,870 (8,210,953  —     —     —     —    (2,104,507,599
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment—net as of December 31,2017

 Ps.  362,001,214  18,429,132  321,908,762  359,348,274  23,659,462  148,222,706  12,084,714  16,453,330  129,736,382  44,546,699   —    118,651  1,436,509,326 

Wells, pipelines, proper0ties, plant and
equipment—net as of December 31,2019

 Ps.367,376,164  7,575,375  271,515,781  278,627,485  19,694,064  132,947,855  7,359,605  8,377,257  139,925,440  44,149,536   —     —    1,277,548,562 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment—net as of December 31,2018

 Ps.  374,667,268  14,082,484  247,971,910  405,855,977  21,920,907  146,651,175  9,858,664  7,740,902  129,352,513  44,351,625   —    32,659  1,402,486,084 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and
equipment—net as of December 31,2020

 Ps.291,122,824  7,590,189  280,815,336  305,861,446  20,418,199  150,114,565  5,492,140  8,618,579  161,870,424  44,225,819   —     —    1,276,129,521 
  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

�� 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Depreciation rates

  3 to 5 5 2 to 7  —    3 to 7 4 3 to 10 4 to 20  —     —     —     —     —    3 to 5 5 2 to 7  —    3 to 7 4 3 to 10 4 to 20  —     —     —     —     —   

Estimated useful lives

  20 to 35  20  15 to 45   —    33 to 35  25  3 to 10  5 to 25   —     —     —     —     —    20 to 35  20  15 to 45   —    33 to 35  25  3 to 10  5 to 25   —     — ��   —     —     —   

 

(1)

Mainly wells, pipelines and plantsplants.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

During 2020, PEMEX detected errors in certain costs and expenses used for the determination of the value in use of certain cash-generating units in the exploration and production segment as of December 31, 2019. This resulted in a different value in use in some cash-generating units and thus, an increase in the value of wells, pipelines, plants and platforms1 as of December 31, 2019 in the amount of Ps. 65,799,060 and a favorable impact in the results of operation of PEMEX for 2019, for the same amount (see Note 4-B).

 

a.A.

As of December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, the financing cost identified with fixed assets in the construction or installation stage, capitalized as part of the value of such fixed assets, was Ps. 2,198,191,3,893,248, Ps. 3,060,9632,959,025 and Ps. 3,667,752,2,198,191, respectively. Financing cost rates during 2020, 2019 and 2018 were 5.75% to 7.08%, 5.27% to 6.84% and 4.94% to 6.07%, respectively.

b.B.

The combined depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of wells for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, recognized in operating costs and expenses, was Ps. 153,382,040, Ps.156,704,513129,631,820, Ps. 137,187,010 and Ps. 150,439,491, respectively, which includes153,382,040, respectively. These figures include Ps. 101,339,417, Ps. 103,173,593 and Ps. 124,790,099 for oil and gas production assets and costs related to the plugging and abandonment of wells in the amounts of Ps. 2,731,317, Ps. 4,700,151 and Ps. 983,438, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016 of Ps. 983,438, Ps. 850,015 and Ps. 1,698,312,2018, respectively.

 

c.C.

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, provisions relating to future plugging of wells costs amounted to Ps. 84,050,90077,125,513 and Ps. 68,797,600,80,849,900, respectively, and are presented in the “Provisions for plugging of wells” (see Note 21)20).

 

d.D.

As of December 31, 20182020, 2019 and 2017,2018, acquisitions of property, plant and equipment include transfers from wells unassigned to a reserve for Ps. 6,726,7696,229,356, Ps. 5,986,055 and Ps. 16,440,645,6,726,769 respectively (see Note 16)14) and Ps. 4,652,3141,072,537 fromavalilable-for-saleavailable-for-salenon-financial assets as of December 31, 2017.2019.

 

e.E.

As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the translation effect of property, plant and 2017, PEMEX recognizedequipment items from a net reversal of impairment ofdifferent currency than the presentation currency was Ps. 21,418,997490,203, Ps. (1,776,684) and a net impairment of Ps. (151,444,560)(238,422), respectively, which is presented as a separate line item in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as follows:was mainly plant.

 

i.F.

AsAt the end of December 31, 2018,2020, PEMEX had impairment impacts mainly due to the net reversal of impairment was as follows:long reduction in crude oil prices and the decrease in demand for products, resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic.

As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, PEMEX recognized a net impairment of Ps. (36,353,700), Ps. (31,283,154) and a net reversal of impairment of Ps. 21,418,997, respectively, which is presented as a separate line item in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as follows:

   (Impairment)   Reversal of
impairment
   Reversal of
impairment /
(Impairment)
 

Pemex Logistics

  Ps.(40,288,338  Ps.—     Ps.(40,288,388

Pemex Fertilizers

   (2,246,264   —      (2,246,264

PMI NASA

   (1,719,627   —      (1,719,627

Pemex Exploration and Production

   (63,252,635   128,266,251    65,013,616 

Pemex Industrial Transformation

   (13,788,470   14,448,080    659,610 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.(121,295,334  Ps.142,714,331   Ps.21,418,997 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

  2020 2019  2018 
  (Impairment)  

Reversal of
impairment

 

(Impairment) /
Reversal of
impairment, net

 (Impairment)  Reversal of
impairment
  (Impairment) /
Reversal of
impairment, net
  (Impairment)  Reversal of
impairment
  Reversal of
impairment /
(Impairment) , net
 
Pemex Industrial Transformation  (71,761,571 —   (71,761,571)  (1,275,480  43,519,422   42,243,942   (13,788,470  14,448,080   659,610 
Pemex Exploration and Production(1)  (31,882,681 66,914,222 35,031,541  (133,523,711  29,487,824   (104,035,887  (63,252,635  128,266,251   65,013,616 
Pemex Logistics  —    426,560 426,560  —     34,119,240   34,119,240   (40,288,338  —     (40,288,338
Pemex Fertilizers  (92,444 —   (92,444)  (2,298,775  —     (2,298,775  (2,246,264     (2,246,264
PMI Azufre Industrial  —    42,214 42,214  (796,263  —     (796,263  —     —     —   
PMI NASA  —    —   —    (1,162,014  646,603   (515,411  (1,719,627  —     (1,719,627
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  (103,736,696 67,382,996 (36,353,700)  (139,056,243  107,773,089   (31,283,154  (121,295,334  142,714,331   21,418,997 
 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(1)

See Note 4 for the correction of error in the impairment of Pemex- Exploration and Production CGUs for 65,799,060.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Cash GeneratingCash-Generating Units of Pemex LogisticsIndustrial Transformation

Cash Generating Units of pipelines

As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, Pemex LogisticsIndustrial Transformation recognized ana net impairment, a net reversal of impairment and a net reversal of impairment of Ps. (71,761,571), Ps. 42,243,942 and Ps. 659,610, respectively.

The net reversal of impairment was in the CGUfollowing CGUs:

   2020   2019   2018 

Minatitlán Refinery

  Ps.(37,432,703   —      —   

Madero Refinery

   (18,412,687   —      (733,307

Salamanca Refinery

   (5,386,525   —      —   

Tula Refinery

   (2,820,750   —      (5,099,635

Cadereita Refinery

   (2,083,755     —   

Morelos Petrochemical Complex

   (2,048,039   —      —   

New Pemex Gas Processor Complex

   (1,080,831   —      —   

Cangrejera Petrochemical Complex

   (1,484,489   —      —   

Ciudad Pemex Gas Processing Complex

   (709,127   —      —   

Morelos Ethylene Processor Complex

   (302,665   —      —   

Pajaritos Petrochemical Complex

   —      (1,275,480   —   

Salina Cruz Refinery

   —      —      (7,955,528
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Impairment

   (71,761,571   (1,275,480   (13,788,470
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Salina Cruz Refinery

  Ps. —      13,535,526    —   

Minatitlán Refinery

   —      9,391,433    14,448,080 

Madero Refinery

   —      7,721,233    —   

Morelos Petrochemical Complex

   —      7,547,233    —   

Cangrejera Petrochemical Complex

   —      3,143,924    —   

Tula Refinery

   —      2,180,073    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reversal of impairment

   —      43,519,422    14,448,080 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net (impairment) reversal of impairment

  Ps. (71,761,571   42,243,942    659,610 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of pipelines forDecember 31, 2020, the impairment of Ps. 40,288,338,(71,761,571) was mainly due to (i) lower production levels, mainly at the Madero, Minatitlan and Tula Refineries due to a lower crude oil processing rate than previously projected; (ii) decrease in income flows projectionthe price of 46%, from an annual average income of Ps. 47,219,903 at the end of 2017 to Ps. 25,271,404 at the end of 2018, in addition to an increase in the cost ofnon-operating losses of 40%, from an annual average of Ps. 18,067,730 at the end of 2017 to Ps. 25,226,769 at the end of 2018. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in direct operating costs of 58%, from annual average costs at the end of 2017 of Ps. 16,485,969 to Ps. 6,880,967 at the end of December 2018, as well asproducts; (iii) a decrease in the discount rate from 15.41% atof CGUs of refined products and gas by 0.64% and 0.46% respectively, and increase in petrochemicals by 1.15% and ethylene by 0.26%; and (iv) the end of 2017 to 13.55% at the end of 2018.

The recoverable amountsdepreciation of the peso against the U.S. dollar, from a peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps. 18.8452 = U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2019 to Ps. 19.9487 = U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2020, which are used as cash flows when U.S. dollars are taken as reference.

In 2019, the net reversal of impairment was mainly due to (i) important maintenance plans to recover assets use levels; (ii) a greater supply of light crude oil by Pemex Exploration and Production improving the quality of refined products such as gasoline, turbosines and decreasing residual products such as fuel oil; (iii) an increase in the discount rate of CGUs of refined products, gas, petrochemicals and a decrease in ethylene by 0.03%, 0.09%, 0.06%, and 0.5% respectively, due to the effect of weighting of elements with which the references are determined; and (iv) the appreciation of the peso against the U.S. dollar, from a peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps. 19.6829 = U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2018 correspondingto Ps. 18.8452 = U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2019, which are used as cash flows when U.S. dollars are taken as reference.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the discountedconsolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

In 2018, the net reversal of impairment was mainly due to (i) an increase in processing of refined products due to higher imports of crude oil and humid gas resulting in an increase in income related to transportation fees; (ii) the appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the peso, from a peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps.19.7867 = U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2017 to Ps. 19.6829 = U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2018; (iii) a decrease in the discount rate of CGUs of refined products and gas and petrochemicals by 0.1% and 8.1%, respectively; and (iv) an increase in maintenance of the refineries and a decrease in gas production.

To determine the value in use of long-lived assets associated with the CGUs of Pemex Industrial Transformation, the net present value of cash flows atwas determined based on the rate of 13.55% are the following:following assumptions:

  As of December 31,
  2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 2019
  Refining Gas Petrochemicals Ethylene**
Average crude oil Price 48.89 usd 54.13 usd 53.98 usd N.A. N.A. N.A.
Processed volume 920 mbd 723 mbd 680 mbd 2,134 mmpcd

of humid gas

 2,056 mmpcd

of humid gas

 2,717mmpcd

of humid gas

 Variable because the load inputs are diverse
Rate of U.S. dollar $19.9487 $18.8452 $19.6829 $19.9487 $18.8452 $19.68 19.9487 $18.8452 $19.6829 $18.8452
Useful lives of the cash-generating units (year average) 12 12 14 7 7 8 7 7 7 6
Discount rate 10.83% 11.47% 11.52% 9.76% 10.22% 10.22% 9.76% 8.61% 8. 92% 8.03%
Period* 2020-2032 2020-2032 2019-2034 2020-2027 2020-2027 2019-2027 2020-2027 2020-2027 2019-2026 2020-2026

 

TAD, TDGL, TOMS (Stotage terminals)

Ps.92,772,003

Land Transport (white pipes)

445,377

Primary logistics

111,941,265
*

The first 5 years are projected and stabilize at year 6.

**

This entity was merged into Pemex Industrial Transformation on July 1, 2019.

Total

Ps.205,158,645

Cash Generating UnitsCGUs in Pemex Industrial Transformation are processing centers grouped according to their types of processes as refineries, gas complex processors, and petrochemical centers. These centers produce various finished products for direct sale to customers or intermediate products that can be processed in another of its CGUs or by a third party. Each processing center of Pemex FertilizersIndustrial Transformation represents the smallest unit that has distinguishable revenues, with clear costs and expenses that enable future cash flows (value in use) to be determined.

Cash generating unitsflow determinations are plants usedmade based on PEMEX’s business plans, operating financial programs, forecasts of future prices of products related to the processes of the CGUs, budget programs and various statistical models that consider historical information of processes and the capacity of various processing centers.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in the ammonia process.thousands, except as noted)

The recoverable amount of assets is based on each asset’s value in use. To determineThe value in use for each asset is calculated based on discounted cash flows, taking into consideration the volumes to be produced and sales to be carried out were taken into consideration. The discount rate used was 8.92%.

out. As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, Pemex Fertilizers recognized anthe value in use for the impairment of Ps. (2,246,264). The impairment is presentedfixed assets was as a separate line item in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.follows:

Cash Generating Units of PMI NASA

As of December 31, 2018, PMI NASA recognized an impairment of Ps. (1,719,627), due to the disuse of the Cerro de la Pez Flotel, as a consequence of the reduction in the development of projects in recent months. This impairment was calculated by comparing the disbursement that would have to be made to acquire a flotel with similar characteristics compared to the valuation made by a specialized company of the flotel.

   2020   2019   2018 

Salamanca Refinery

  Ps.44,777,784    —      —   

Cadereyta Refinery

   40,793,541    —      —   

Salina Cruz Refinery

   30,422,588    —      9,428,152 

Minatitlán Refinery

   18,819,247    61,673,158    54,846,565 

Cangrejera Ethylene Processor Complex

   11,493,567     

Tula Refinery

   34,829,922    40,450,717    39,429,897 

Madero Refinery

   6,799,072    27,840,687    21,083,328 

Morelos Complex (Ethylene)

   9,396,765    13,731,548    —   

Pajaritos Complex (Ethylene)

   —      1,275,480    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total value in use

  Ps.  197,332,486    144,971,590    124,787,942 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash GeneratingCash-Generating Unit of Pemex Exploration and Production

As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, Pemex Exploration and Production recognized a net reversal of impairment, and net impairment and a net reversal of impairment of Ps. 35,031,541, Ps. (104,035,887), and Ps. 65,013,616, respectively. See Note 4 for correction of non-material error in 2019 figures.

The net reversal of impairment was in the following CGUs:

   2020   2019   2018 

Aceite Terciario del Golfo

  Ps.29,954,188    —      29,592,864 

Cantarell

   23,218,889    —      98,673,388 

Burgos

   9,084,982    7,929,552    —   

Tsimin Xux

   3,920,244    —      627,426 

Cuenca de Macuspana

   735,919    —      —   

Crudo Ligero Marino

   —      949,645    —   

Yaxche

   —      20,608,627    —   

Antonio J. Bermúdez

   —      —      6,811,344 

Tamaulipas Constituciones

   —      —      140,125 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reversal of impairment

   66,914,222    29,487,824    135,845,147 

Chuc

   (11,321,001   (25,431,950   (6,608,047

Antonio J. Bermúdez

   (9,705,730   (3,562,021   —   

Ayín Alux

   (3,269,173   (2,220,696   —   

Tamaulipas Constituciones

   (2,819,337   —      —   

Crudo Ligero Marino

   (2,213,428   —      (31,004,065

Lakach

   (1,269,083   (56,119   (841,718

Arenque

   (803,256   —      —   

Ixtal – Manik

   (481,673   (5,047,793   —   

Aceite Terciario del Golfo

   —      (46,284,407   —   

Cantarell

   —      (48,664,886   —   

Tsimin Xux

   —      (1,062,635   —   

Cuenca de Macuspana

   —      (166,013   (1,343,836

Poza Rica

   —      (1,027,191   —   

Yaxche

   —      —      (20,491,627

Burgos

   —      —      (10,542,238
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Impairment)

   (31,882,681   (133,523,711   (70,831,531
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reversal of impairment (Impairment), net

  Ps.  35,031,541    (104,035,887   65,013,616 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

As of December 31, 2020, Pemex Exploration and Production recognized a net reversal of impairment of Ps. 35,031,541 mainly due to: (i) an increase in crude oil prices, generating a positive effect of Ps. 50,763,557 mainly in the Cantarell and Aceite Terciario del Golfo (ATG) CGUs (ii) an increase in the volume of barrels of crude oil equivalent, generating an effect of Ps. 33,784,306 mainly in the ATG, Burgos and Crudo Ligero Marino CGUs. Additionally, there were increases in proven reserves in new fields, including Ixachi, Xikin, Jaatsul, Cheek, Uchbal, Tetl, Teekit, Suuk, Pokche and Mulach; (iii) the positive effect due to an exchange rate of Ps. 21,067,337, mainly in Cantarell, ATG and Burgos CGUs, from Ps. 18.8452 = U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2019 to Ps. 19.9487 = U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2020; (iv) an increase in taxes of Ps. 3,844,410 was recognized due to a lower income in the production and price profiles as compared to December 31, 2019, impacting Antonio J. Bermúdez, Chuc and Tsimin Xux CGUs, among others. These effects were partially offset by an increase in the discount rate of Ps. 74,428,069, or in percentage terms, from 6.18% in 2019 to 6.23% in 2020, which motivated the CGUs with higher revenues, sales volume, price and exchange rates to recognize this effect.

As of December 31, 2019, Pemex Exploration and Production recognized a net impairment of Ps. (104,035,887) mainly due to: (i) a decrease in production profiles volume in the barrel of crude oil equivalent generating a negative effect of Ps. (225,019,093), mainly in the Aceite Terciario del Golfo (“ATG”), Cantarell Chuc and Crudo Ligero Marino CGU. There were increases in the volume production profiles of new fields located in the CGU Yaxche (Xikin, Tetl, Teekit, Suuk, Pokche and Mulach fields) and Cuenca the Veracruz CGU (Ixachi field); however, these effects were only offset by those CGUs that presented a decrease in their production profiles; (ii) a decrease in crude oil and gas prices, generating a negative effect of Ps. (58,110,000) mainly in Cantarell, ATG, Chuc and Tsimin Xux ; (iii) a decrease in exchange rate from Ps. 19.6829 = U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2018 to Ps. 18.8452 = U.S. $1.00 of December 31, 2019 resulting in a negative effect of Ps. (15,307,000) mainly in Cantarell, Yaxché, Chuc and Tsimin Xux CGUs; (iv) derived from the application of the Energy Reform in 2013, which defined that the exploratory wells of Round 1.3 will not contribute resources to Pemex Exploration and Production, and for that reason, an impairment of Ps. (9,477,854) was recognized. These effects were offset by (i) an increase in discount rate of Ps. 120,821,000 due to the updating of comparable companies taken as reference to the determination of the discount rate with the same risk profile, mainly in the ATG, Cantarell and Chuc; (ii) a net benefit from lower income in production profile of Ps. 17,258,000, mainly in ATG, Cantarell and Chuc as a result of lower income in their production profiles; and (iii) during 2020 Pemex Exploration and Production carried out an analysis of the distribution of costs used for the determination of the value in use of some of the CGUs, resulting in changes associated with the distribution of costs of internal services, as well as an improvement in the determination of cost-sharing factors, resulting in Ps. 65,799,060 of reversal of impairment.

As of December 31, 2018, Pemex Exploration and Production recognized a net reversal of impairment in the amount of Ps. 65,013,616 mainly due to (i) an advance of production in Cantarell for rethinking physical goals for the period from 2024 to 2029 with a recovery of Ps. 98,673,388. This computation was projected using a discount rate of 7.03% and a tax rate of 30% (observable market) on the operating profit with an economic horizon of 25 years, compared to a discount rate of 14.40% that includes the cost of financing and the pyramiding of taxes and observable rights in similar companies, including the Profit-sharing;Profit-sharing Duty; (ii) application in the fourth quarter of the relevant discount rate and tax rate (observable market), a net benefit was generated in most of the projects with respect to the previous year, mainly in the Aceite Terciario del Golfo project in the amount of Ps. 29,592,863. The foregoing was partially offset by an impairment of Ps. (63,252,635), mainly in (i) the Aguas Someras 2 projects in the amount of Ps. (58,318,030), (ii) the Crudo Ligero Marino projects, mainly due to higher water and salt content in the hydrocarbons reserves, (iii) the Yaxche Project, due to operating impacts in the fields directly related to production, and (iv) the Tsimin Xux and Chuc projects, mainly due to the natural decline of proved hydrocarbon reserves.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The cash generating unitsCGUs of Pemex Exploration and Production are investment projects in productive fields with hydrocarbon reserves associated with proved reserves. These productive hydrocarbon fields contain varying degrees of heating power consisting of a set of wells and are supported by fixed assets associated directly with production, such as pipelines, production facilities, offshore platforms, specialized equipment and machinery.

Each project represents the smallest unit which can concentrate the core revenues, with clear costs and expenses that enable future cash flows (value in use) to be determined.

To determine the value in use of long-lived assets associated to hydrocarbon extraction, the net present value of reserves is determined based on the following assumptions:

Average crude oil price

58.02 USD/bl

Average gas price

4.89 USD/mpc

Average condensates price

43.21 USD/bl

Discount rate

7.03% annual

Pemex Exploration and Production, in compliance with practices observed in the industry, estimates the recovery value of asset by determining its value in use, based on cash flows associated with proved reserves after taxes and using a discount rate, also after taxes.

During 2018, Pemex Exploration and Production performed an analysis of the discount rate for its oil and gas activities cash flows in the domestic and international markets, taking into account the international price conditions, to value its production reserves.

In 2017, Pemex Exploration and Production used cash flows associated with proved reserves before tax and used an equallypre-tax discount rate, which was based on a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”)grossed-up after taxes with a weight of the corporate tax rate of 30%, and the median of taxes and duties on hydrocarbon extraction from countries with similar conditions to the fields in Mexico, which discount rate was 57%.

As a result of the analysis performed in 2018, Pemex Exploration and Production noted that the industry is currently using after tax discount rates. Accordingly, Pemex Exploration and Production determined it would comply with the practices observed in the industry and started using the after-tax discount rate. Theafter-tax discount rate considers the present value of future cash flows, increasing interest rates of debt incurred by Petróleos Mexicanos, the risk of the country and specific industry-related risks (calculated as the median of the beta of industry companies), which is then used to calculate the WACC. The discount rate is independent of the capital structure of the subsidiary entity. The WACC considers the median proportion of debt and capital observed for companies in the sector.

Taking into consideration the assumptions described above, thepre-tax discount rate used by Pemex Exploration and Production in 2018 for the value in use was 7.03%, resulting in a net reversal or impairment of Ps. 65,013,616 for 2018.

For 2017, the pre-tax discount rate was 14.40%. If the same methodology had been applied in 2018, the discount rate after tax would have been 16.12% (the result of thegross-up of the 7.03% discount rate) and the net impairment would have been Ps. (958,060).

The total forecast production, calculated with a horizon of 25 years is 6,192 million barrels per day of crude oil equivalent.

Pemex Exploration and Production determines the recoverable amount of fixed assets based on the long-term estimated prices for Pemex Exploration and Production’s proved reserves. The recoverable amount on each asset is the value in use.

Cash Generating Units of Pemex Industrial Transformation

As of December 31, 2018, Pemex Industrial Transformation recognized a net reversal of impairment of Ps. 659,610.

The net reversal of impairment was in the following cash generating units:

Minatitlán Refinery

Ps.14,448,080

Reversal of impairment

14,440,080

Salina Cruz Refinery

(7,955,528

Tula Refinery

(5,099,635

Madero Refinery

(733,307

Impairment

(13,788,470

Net reversal of impairment

Ps.659,610

The net reversal of impairment was mainly due to (i) an increase in processing of refined products due to higher imports of crude oil and humid gas resulting in an increase in income related to transportation fees; (ii) the appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the peso, from apeso-U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps.19.7867 to U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2017 to apeso-U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps. 19.6829 to U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2018; (iii) a decrease in the discount rate of cash generating units of refined products and gas and petrochemicals by 0.1% and 8.1%, respectively; and (iv) an increase in maintenance of the refineries and a decrease in gas production.

Cash-generating units in Pemex Industrial Transformation are processing centers grouped according to their types of processes as refineries, gas complex processors, and petrochemical centers. These centers produce various finished products for direct sale to customers or intermediate products that can be processed in another of its cash generating units or by a third party. Each processing center of Pemex Industrial Transformation represents the smallest unit that can concentrate the core revenues, with clear costs and expenses that enable future cash flows (value in use) to be determined.

Cash flow determinations are made based on PEMEX’s business plans, operating financial programs, forecasts of future prices of products related to the processes of the cash generating units, budget programs and various statistical models that consider historical information of processes and the capacity of various processing centers.

To determine the value in use of long-lived assets associated with the cash-generating units of Pemex Industrial Transformation, the net present value of cash flows was determined based on the following assumptions:

RefiningGasPetrochemicals

Average crude oil Price

53.98 U.S dollarsN.A.N.A.

Processed volume

680 mbd2,717 mmpcd of humid gasVariable because the
load inputs are diverse

Rate of U.S. dollar

Ps.19.6829 mxp/usdPs. 19.6829 mxp/usdPs. 19.6829 mxp/usd

Useful lives of the cash generating units

Average 14 yearsAverage 8 yearsAverage 7 years

Discount rate

11.52% annually10.22% annually8.92% annually

Period

2019-20342019-20272019-2026

The recoverable amount of assets is based on each asset’s value in use. The value in use for each asset is calculated based on cash flows, taking into consideration the volumes to be produced and sales to be carried out. As of December 31, 2018, the value in use for the impairment or reversal of impairment of fixed assets was as follows:

Minatitlán Refinery

Ps.54,846,565

Madero Refinery

21,083,328

Salina Cruz Refinery

9,428,152

Tula Refinery

39,429,897

Total value in use

Ps.124,787,942

ii.

As of December 31, 2017, the net impairment was as follows:

   Impairment   Reversal of
impairment
   Net Impairment 

Pemex Exploration and Production

  Ps.(129,350,315  Ps.—     Ps.(129,350,315

Pemex Industrial Transformation

   (19,751,882   3,799,790    (15,952,092

AGRO

   (4,206,653   —      (4,206,653

Pemex Fertilizers

   (1,935,500   —      (1,935,500
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.(155,244,350  Ps.3,799,790   Ps.(151,444,560
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash Generating Unit of Pemex Exploration and Production

Pemex Exploration and Production recognized an impairment in the amount of Ps. (129,350,315) as of December 31, 2017, arising from: (i) the deferral of the development investments in the first 5 years of the economic horizon in the proved reserves, which caused a decrease in production and consequently in income, as well as there-categorization of part of the proved reserves as probable reserve, as a consequence of budget adjustments in the strategic investments in the Cantarell, Aceite terciario del Golfo, Crudo Ligero Marino, Antonio J. Bermúdez and Tzimin Xux projects, (ii) insufficient cash flows to make up for costs recovery at the Burgos and Lakach projects as a result of the appreciation of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar by 4.3%, from a peso–U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps. 20.6640 to U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2016 to a peso–U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps. 19.7867 to U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2017, given that cash inflows are denominated in U.S. dollars and then translated to the reporting currency using the exchange rate at the date of report; (iii) a 0.3% increase in the discount rate; (iv) a 7.2% decrease in crude oil forward prices from 60.24 usd/bl in 2016 to 55.89 usd/bl in 2017 and (v) the natural decline in production in the Macuspana project.

The cash generating units of Pemex Exploration and Production are investment projects in productive fields with hydrocarbon reserves associated with proved reserves. These productive hydrocarbon fields contain varying degrees of heating power consisting of a set of wells and are supported by fixed assets associated directly with production, such as pipelines, production facilities, offshore platforms, specialized equipment and machinery.

Each project represents the smallest unit which can concentrate the core revenues, with clear costs and expenses that enable future cash flows (value in use) to be determined. To determine the value in use of long-lived assets associated with hydrocarbon extraction, the net present value of reserves is determined based on the following assumptions:

 

Average crude oil price

55.89 U.S. dollars/bl

Average gas price

4.92 U.S. dollars /mpc

Average condensates price

38.33 U.S. dollars /bl

Discount rate

14.40% annually
   2020   2019   2018 

Average crude oil price

   52.96 USD/bl    48.69 USD/bl    58.02 USD/bl 

Average gas price

   5.21 USD/mpc    5.07 USD/mpc    4.89 USD/mpc 

Average condensates price

   61.09 USD/bl    57.67 USD/bl    43.21 USD/bl 

Discount rate

   6.23% annual    6.18% annual    7.03% annual 

TheFor 2020, 2019 and 2018 the total forecast production, calculated with a horizon of 25 years is 7,091was 6,731 million, 7,123 million and 6,192 million barrels per day of crude oil equivalent.equivalent, respectively.

Pemex Exploration and Production, determinesin compliance with practices observed in the recoverable amountindustry, estimates the recovery value of fixed assetsan asset by determining its value in use, based on cash flows associated with proved reserves after taxes and using a discount rate, also after taxes. Cash flows related to plugging wells provision costs are excluded in this computation of discounted cash flows.

As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, values in use for CGU with impairment or reversal of impairment are:

   2020   2019   2018 

Cantarell

  Ps.125,953,979    101,446,620    157,526,000 

Chuc

   63,880,611    72,301,156    97,970,000 

Aceite Terciario del Golfo

   39,947,448    12,667,016    80,713,000 

Tsimin Xux

   25,910,556    28,116,300    38,152,000 

Crudo Ligero Marino

   24,233,795    18,935,146    23,540,000 

Antonio J. Bermúdez

   24,027,588    39,195,252    —   

Burgos

   17,487,412    10,731,645    2,124,000 

Ixtal – Manik

   12,647,284    19,024,166    —   

Ayín Alux

   6,213,753    2,705,441    —   

Tamaulipas Constituciones

   5,416,487    —      —   

Arenque

   4,908,009    —      —   

Cuenca de Macuspana

   1,096,972    432,365    680,000 

Lakach

   (169,119   (2,426,036   (1,658,000

Yaxche

   —      93,677,507    516,000 

Poza Rica

   —      15,029,941    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.  351,554,775    411,836,519    399,563,000 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the long-term estimated prices for Pemex Exploration and Production’s proved reserves. The recoverable amount on each asset is the valueconsolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in use.thousands, except as noted)

Cash GeneratingCash-Generating Units of Pemex Industrial TransformationLogistics

As of December 31, 2017,2020, 2019 and 2018, Pemex Industrial TransformationLogistics recognized a netreversal of impairment ofand impairment for Ps.(15,952,092). 426,560, Ps. 34,119,240 and Ps. (40,288,338), respectively.

The net reversal of impairment wasand impairment were in the following cash generating units:CGUs:

 

Minatitlán Refinery

Ps.(5,691,005

Madero Refinery

(8,480,880

Salina Cruz Refinery

(5,579,997

Total impairment
   2020   2019   2018 

Vessel

  Ps.303,516    —      —   

Land transport (white pipelines)

   123,044    —      —   

Pipelines

   —      34,119,240    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reversal of impairment

   426,560    34,119,240    —   

Pipelines

   —      —      (40,288,338
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Impairment)

   —      —      (40,288,388
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reversal (impairment) net

  Ps.  426,560    34,119,240    (40,288,388
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   As of December 31, 
   2020  2019  2018  2020  2019  2018  2020  2019  2018 
   Pipelines  Landing transport  Vessel 

Discount rate

   11.97  11.94  13.55  11.97  11.94  13.55  11.97  11.94  13.55

Useful life

   22   23   26   5   5   6   19   19   21 

As of December 31, 2020, Pemex Logistics recognized a reversal of assets

(19,751,882

Cangrejera Petrochemical Center

3,565,355

Independencia Petrochemical Center

112,292

Arenque gas processor complex

57,039

Matapionche gas processor complex

65,104

Reversal of impairment

3,799,790

Net impairment

Ps.(15,952,092

The impairment wasin land transport and vessel CGUs for Ps. 426,560, mainly due to (i) an increase in capitalizable maintenance expenses in refining; (ii) the appreciation of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar, from a peso–U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps. 20.6640 to U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2016 to a peso–U.S. dollar exchange rate of Ps. 19.7867 to U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2017; partially offset by (i) an increase in the transportation fees; (ii) an increase in the processing of wet gas due to higher imports of this product and redistribution by Pemex Exploration and Production; (iii) an increase in prices arising from the price liberalization in 2017; and (iv) a decrease in the discount rate ofprojected cash generating units of refined products, gas and petrochemicals of 4.4%, 4.5%, and 5.6%, respectively.inflows.

Cash-generating units in Pemex Industrial Transformation are processing centers grouped according to their types of processes as refineries, gas complex processors, and petrochemical centers. These centers produce various finished products for direct sale to customers or intermediate products that can be processed in another of its cash generating units or by a third party. Each processing center of Pemex Industrial Transformation represents the smallest unit which can concentrate the core revenues, with clear costs and expenses that enable future cash flows (value in use) to be determined.

Cash flow determinations are made based on PEMEX’s business plans, operating financial programs, forecasts of future prices of products related to the processes of the cash generating units, budget programs and various statistical models that consider historical information of processes and the capacity of the various processing centers.

To determine the value in use of long-lived assets associated with the cash-generating units of Pemex Industrial Transformation, the net present value of cash flows was determined based on the following assumptions:

RefiningGasPetrochemicals

Average crude oil Price

51.30 U.S. dollarsN.A.N.A.

Processed volume

767 mbd3,085 mmpcd or sour gasVariable because the load
inputs are diverse

Rate of U.S. dollar

Ps.19.7867 mxp/usdPs.19.7867 mxp/usdPs.19.7867 mxp/usd

Useful lives of the cash generating units

Average of 16 yearsAverage of 9 yearsAverage of 6 years

Discount rate

11.53% annually10.24% annually9.71% annually

Period

2018-20342018-20292016-2024

The recoverable amount of assets is based on each asset’s value in use. The value in use for each asset is calculated based on cash flows, taking into consideration the volumes to be produced and sales to be carried out. As of December 31, 2017, the value in use for the impairment or2019, Pemex Logistics recognized a reversal of impairment in the CGU of fixedpipelines for Ps. 34,119,240 mainly due to (i) a decrease in the projected cost of losses from fuels subtraction from Ps. 39,388,055 as of December 31, 2018 to Ps. 4,644,846 as of December 31, 2019, which led to an improvement in future cash flows. Furthermore, the CRE established a mechanism that allowed Pemex Logistics to recover, through the pipeline transportation fee, a significant amount of the losses derived from fuel subtraction. Finally, a decrease in the discount rate from 13.55% at the end of 2018 to 11.94% at the end of 2019 due to the differences in curves used in reference rates between Mexican pesos and U.S. dollars.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

As of December 31, 2018, Pemex Logistics recognized an impairment in the CGU of pipelines for Ps. (40,288,338), mainly due to a decrease in projected cash inflows of 46%, from an annual average of Ps. 47,219,903 at the end of 2017 to Ps. 25,271,404 at the end of 2018, in addition to an increase in the cost of losses from fuels subtraction of 40%. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in direct operating costs of 58%, from annual average costs at the end of 2017 of Ps. 16,485,969 to Ps. 6,880,967 at the end of December 2018, as well as a decrease in the discount rate, from 15.41% at the end of 2017 to 13.55% at the end of 2018.

CGU in Pemex Logistics are pipelines and transport equipment.

The recoverable amounts of the assets wasas of December 31, 2019 and 2018, corresponding to the discounted cash flows at the rate of 11.97%, 11.94% and 13.55%, respectively, as follows:

 

Minatitlán Refinery

Ps.32,531,925

Madero Refinery

11,420,952

Salina Cruz Refinery

12,051,597

Cangrejera Petrochemical Center

17,544,825

Independencia Petrochemical Center

3,146,413

Arenque gas processor complex

1,283,201

Matapionche gas processor complex

1,074,729

Total value in use

Ps.79,053,642

   2020   2019   2018 

TAD, TDGL, TOMS (Storage terminals)

  Ps. 95,169,597   Ps. 147,249,859   Ps. 92,772,003 

Pipelines

   88,740,662    105,319,693    —   

Primary logistics

   108,036,325    73,821,371    111,941,265 

Land Transport (white pipes)

   —      —      445,377 

Total

  Ps. 291,946,584   Ps.326,390,923   Ps. 205,158,645 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V.

Pro-Agroindustria, S.A. de C.V. recognized an impairment for Ps. (4,206,653) related to its nitric acid, amonium nitrate and UAN 32 acquired plants, the rehabilitation of which has not yet commenced. The company will not be able to develop an alternate plan for the rehabilitation of these plants in the following five years due to its financing commitments.

Cash GeneratingCash-Generating Units of Pemex Fertilizers

Cash generating units are plantsCGU is a plant used in the ammonia process.

Pemex Fertilizers recognized an impairment of Ps. (1,935,500) for the year ended December 31, 2017 resulting from (i) a decrease in the production capacity in fertilizers plants due to a shortage of raw material; (ii) an increase in raw material prices; and (iii) a decrease in ammonia sale prices.

The recoverable amount of assets is based on each asset’s value in use. To determine cash flows, volumes to be produced and sales to be carried out were taken into consideration. The value in use for the impairment of fixed assets was Ps. 2,744,600.

Discount rate

The discount raterates used was 9.71%.

f.

Capital Lease Arrangements

Asas of December 31, 2013, PEMEX had entered into nine capital lease arrangements for drilling equipment. These leases expire on various dates over2020, 2019 and 2018 were 9.51%, 10.15% and 8.92%, respectively, due to the next 10 years.updating of comparable companies taken as reference to the determination of the discount rate.

As of December 31, 2015, PEMEX had entered into certain capital lease arrangements for two offshore platforms. These leases expire2020, 2019 and 2018, Pemex Fertilizers recognized an impairment of Ps. (92,444), Ps. (2,298,775) and Ps. (2,246,264), respectively in CGUs mentioned above. The impairment was mainly caused from (i) the decrease in projected production due to the lack of raw material, (ii) increase in raw material prices, and (iii) decrease in ammonia prices.

   As of December 31, 
   2020  2019  2018 
   Plant 

Exchange rate

   19.9487   18.8452   19.6829 

Discount rate

   9.51  10.15  8.92

Useful life

   22   23   26 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Cash-Generating Unit of Pemex Azufre Industrial (PMI AZIND)

PMI AZIND, a 99% subsidiary of MGAS, has, as a principal asset, a sulfur solidifying plant, located in the maritime sulfur storage terminal in the integral port administration of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz; this plant is considered the CGU of this company.

As of December 31, 2020, PMI AZIND recognized a net reversal of impairment of Ps. 42,214, due to an appraisal on various dates over the nextsulfur solidifying plant which resulted in an increase of its value.

As of December 31, 2019, PMI AZIND recognized an impairment of Ps. (796,263), due to an appraisal on the sulfur solidifying plant which resulted in a decrease of its value.

The recoverable amount is the fair value less costs of disposition. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the recoverable amounts were Ps. 528,577 and Ps. 513,882, respectively. The estimated useful life was 9 years in 2020 and 10 years in 2019.

Cash-Generating Units of PMI NASA

As of December 31, 2020, PMI NASA did not recognize any impairment change.

Cash-Generating Unit are flotating hotels (“Flotels”) “Reforma Pemex” and “Cerro de la Pez” which provide food and hospitality services.

As of December 31, 2019, PMI NASA recognized an impairment of Ps. (515,411), due to (i) an impairment in the Flotel Reforma Pemex of Ps. (1,146,278) as a result of rate adjustments; and (ii) a reversal of impairment of Ps. 630,866 in the Cerro de la Pez Flotel, as a consequence of the recovery in the development of projects. The cash flow methodology was used to determine the value in use of the flotels, applying discount rates of 15.81% and 16.94% with an average useful life of 17 years. The recoverable amount of the flotels is the value in use which amounted Ps. 3,747,142.

As of December 31, 2018, and 2017, assets acquired through these capital leases were as follows:

   2018   2017 

Investment in tankers and drilling equipment

  Ps.7,963,262   Ps.11,142,197 

Less accumulated depreciation

   (886,946   (1,696,089
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  Ps.7,076,316   Ps.9,446,108 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The liabilities relatingPMI NASA recognized an impairment of Ps. (1,719,627), due to the assets listed above are payabledisuse of the Cerro de la Pez Flotel, as a consequence of the reduction in the years followingdevelopment of projects in recent months. This impairment was calculated by comparing the amount that would have been required to acquire a flotel with similar characteristics to the replacement cost of a similar flotel constructed by a specialized company. The replacement cost as of December 31, 2018 as presented below:

Year

  Pesos   U.S. dollars 

2019

  Ps.1,255,105   U.S. $63,766 

2020

   1,186,253    60,268 

2021

   1,186,253    60,268 

2022

   1,186,253    60,268 

2023

   1,186,253    60,268 

2024 and thereafter

   892,218    45,330 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   6,892,335    350,168 

Less: short-term unaccrued interest

   251,768    12,791 

Less: long-term unaccrued interest

   587,287    29,837 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total capital leases

   6,053,280    307,540 

Less: current portion of leases (excluding interest)

   934,546    47,480 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total long-term capital leases

  Ps.5,118,734   U.S. $260,060 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The interest expense from capital leases for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was Ps. 301,449, Ps. 418,883 and Ps. 500,654, respectively.1,476,218.

 

G.g.

As of December 31, 2019, drilling equipment that was acquired through capital lease arrangements were classified as rights of use that amounted to Ps. 6,223,655 (see Note 17).

H.

PEMEX can conduct exploration and extraction activities through Exploration and Extraction Contracts (“EECs”). The EECs are awarded individually, through associations or joint ventures based on guidelines approved by the NHCComisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (“National Hydrocarbons Commission” or “CNH”) and are classified into:

 

 a.

Production-sharing contracts;

 b.

Profit-sharing contracts;

 c.

License agreements; and

 d.

Service contracts.

Certain of the EECs are operated though joint arrangements, for which PEMEX recognizes in its financial statements both the rights to the assets and the obligations for the liabilities, as well as profits and losses relating to the arrangements.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

EECs as of December 31, 20182020 are:

 

a.

Production-sharing contracts:

The object of the Profit-sharingproduction-sharing contracts is the execution of oil activities under shared production contracts among Mexico through the Mexican Government via the NHC,CNH and Pemex Exploration and Production (as contractor), for the contractual area and the sharing

of costs, risks, and terms and conditions involved in the contract and in accordance with the applicable regulations and best practices of the industry receiving, in exchange, benefits in favor of the contractor.

 

I.

Production contracts without a partner

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 29, Cuenca del Sureste, in which Pemex Exploration and Production owns 100% of the project.

Hydrocarbon Extraction Contract for the Ek-Balam (shallow water) Block. Pemex Exploration and Production owns 100% of this contractual area.

II.

Production contracts in consortium

Exploration and Extraction Contract related to Block 2 Tampico Misantla, pursuant to a consortium formed by Pemex Exploration and Production and DEADeutsche Erdoel AG (“DEA”) and Compañía Española de Petróleos, S. A. U., (jointly liable). The object of the contract is the realization of oil activities, under shared production contracts, by the contractor for the contractual area and the sharing of costs, risks, terms and conditions involved in the contract and in accordance with the applicable regulations and best practices of the industry, receiving in exchange, benefits in favor of the contractor. Pemex Exploration and Production and DEA each have a 50% interest in this contractual area. Pemex Exploration and Production is the operator under this contract.

 

Exploration and Extraction Contract, related to Block 8 Cuencas del Sureste, pursuant to a consortium formed by Pemex Exploration and Production, EPC Hidrocarburos México, S. A. de C. V. (EPC). and Ecopetrol Global Energy, S. L. U. (jointly liable). Pemex Exploration and Production was designated by all the participating companies and with the approval of the NHCCNH as the operator of this contract and all operational aspects of the petroleum activities will be carried out only by the operator on behalf of all participating companies. Pemex Exploration and Production and EPC each have a 50% interest in this contractual area.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

Exploration and Extraction Contract, related to Block 16, Tampico Misantla, pursuant to a consortium by Pemex Exploration and Production, DEUTSCHEDeutsche Erdoel México S. de R.L. de C.V. (as operator) and CEPSA E.P. México S. de R.L. de C.V., as jointly liable. Pemex Exploration and Production owns 40% of this contractual area, DEUTSCHE Erdoel México S. de R.L. de C.V. owns 40%, and CEPSA E.P. México S. de R.L. de C.V. owns 20%.

 

Exploration and Extraction Contract, related to Block 17, Tampico Misantla, pursuant to a consortium by Pemex Exploration and Production, DEUTSCHEDeutsche Erdoel México S. de R.L. de C.V. (as operator) and CEPSA E.P. México S. de R.L. de C.V., as jointly liable. Pemex Exploration and Production owns 40% of this contractual area, DEUTSCHEDeutsche Erdoel México S. de R.L. de C.V. owns 40%, and CEPSA E.P. México S. de R.L. de C.V. owns 20%.

 

Exploration and Extraction Contract, related to Block 18, Tampico Misantla, pursuant to a consortium by Pemex Exploration and Production (as operator) and CEPSA E.P. México S. de R.L. de C.V. (as partner). Pemex Exploration and Production owns 80% of this contractual area, and CEPSA E.P. México S. de R.L. de C.V. owns 20%.

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 29, Cuenca del Sureste, in which Pemex Exploration and Production owns 100% of the project.

 

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 32, Cuenca del Sureste, by Pemex Exploration and Production (as operator) and Total E&P México, S.A. de C.V. (as partner). Pemex Exploration and Total E&P México, S.A. de C.V each have a 50% interest in this contractual area.

 

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 33, Cuenca del Sureste, by Pemex Exploration and Production (as operator) and Total E&P México, S.A. de C.V. Pemex Exploration and Total E&P México, S.A. de C.V each have a 50% interest in this contractual area.

 

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 35, Cuenca del Sureste, by Shell Exploración y Extracción de México, S.A. de C.V (as operator) and Pemex Exploration and Production. Total E&PShell Exploración y Extracción de México, S.A. de C.V. and Pemex Exploration each have a 50% interest in this contractual area.

 

Hydrocarbon Extraction Contract for theEk-Balam (shallow water) Block. Pemex Exploration and Production owns 100% of this contractual area.

Exploration and Extraction Contract, related to the Santuario El Golpe Block, pursuant to a consortium formed by Pemex Exploration and Production (as partner) and Petrofac México, S.A. de C.V. (PETROFAC), as operator. Pemex Exploration and Production owns 64% of this contractual area and PETROFAC owns 36%.

 

Exploration and Extraction Contract, related to the Misión Block, pursuant to a consortium formed by Pemex Exploration and Production (as partner) and Servicios Múltiples de Burgos, S.A. de C.V. (as operator). Pemex Exploration and Production owns 51% of this contractual area and Servicios Múltiples de Burgos, S.A. de C.V. owns 49%.

 

Exploration and Extraction Contract, related to Ébano Blocl,Block, pursuant to a consortium formed by Pemex Exploration and Production (as partner), DS Servicios Petroleros, S.A. de C.V. (as operator) and D&S Petroleum S.A. de C.V. (as partner). Pemex Exploration and Production owns 45% of this contractual area, Servicios Múltiples de Burgos owns 54.99%, while D&S Petroleum S.A. de C.V. owns 0.01%.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

b.

License contracts

The nature of the contract relationship is the execution of oil activities, under the license contracting modality, under which the contractor is granted the right to explore and extract at its exclusive cost and risk hydrocarbons owned by the Mexican nation, who must comply with the obligations arising from the contract in the name and representation of each of the signatory companies in the contractual area in accordance with the applicable regulations, industry best practices and the terms and conditions of the contract. The contractor shall be entitled to payment for hydrocarbons produced, in accordance with the terms of the contracts, and after payments to the Mexican Government are made.

 

I.

License contracts without association

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 5, Plegado Perdido, in which Pemex Exploration and Production owns 100% of the project.

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 18, Cordilleras Mexicanas, in which Pemex Exploration and Production owns 100% of the project.

II.

License contracts in association

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 3 “Plegado Perdido”, in deep waters, formed by INPEX Corporation (“INPEX”) (as partner), Chevron Energía de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Chevron”) (as operator) and Pemex Exploration and Production, (as partner). Chevron, Pemex Exploration and Production and InpexINPEX have a 37.50%, 27.50% and 35.00% interest in this project, respectively, and will be jointly liable for all obligations of the contractors according to this contract regardless of their participation interest.

 

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 2, Plegado Perdido, formed by Pemex Exploration and Production (as partner) and Shell Exploración y Extracción de México, S.A. de C.V. (as operator). Pemex Exploration and Production and Shell Exploración y Extracción de México, S.A. de C.V. each have a 50% interest in this project.

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 5, Plegado Perdido, in which Pemex Exploration and Production owns 100% of the project.

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 18, Cordilleras Mexicanas, in which Pemex Exploration and Production owns 100% of the project.

 

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for Block 22, Cuenca Salina, formed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Inpex E&P México, S.A. de C.V., (as partners), and Chevron (as operator). Chevron, Pemex Exploration and Production and Inpex E&P México, S.A. de C.V., have a 37.5%, 27.5% and 35% interest in this project, respectively.

 

A licensing contract with BHP Billiton Petróleo Operaciones de México, S. de R.L. (“BHP Billiton”) for the Trión Block. BHP Billiton owns 60% of the contractual area, while Pemex Exploration and Production owns 40%, and each of the signatory companies are jointly liable for all obligations of the contractors.

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for the Cárdenas Mora Block, for onshore fields, formed by Pemex Exploration and Production (as partner), Petrolera Cárdenas Mora, S. A. P. I. de C. V. (as operator) and Cheiron Holding Limited (jontly(jointly liable). Pemex Exploration and Production and Petrolera Cárdenas Mora, S. A. P. I. de C. V. each have a 50% of interest in this project.

 

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for the Ogarrio Block, for onshore fields, formed by Pemex Exploration and Production (as partner), Deutche Erdoel México, S. de R.L. de C.V. (as operator) and DEA Deutche Erdoel, A.G. (“DEA”) (jointly liable). Pemex Exploration and Production and DEA each have a 50% interest in this project.

 

Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Contract for the Miquetla Block, for onshore fields, formed by Pemex Exploration and Production (as partner) and Operadora de Campos DWF, S.A. de C.V. (as operator). Pemex Exploration and Production has a 49% interest in this project while Operadora de Campos DWF, S.A. de C.V. has a 51% interest.

Certain of the EECs are operated though joint arrangements, for which PEMEX recognizes in its financial statements, both the rights

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the assets and the obligations for the liabilities,consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as well as profits and losses relating to the arrangements.noted)

See below for a condensed statement of comprehensive income and condensed statement of financial position, summarizing the projects listed above:

 

   Production-sharing contracts 

As of /For the year ended
December 31, 2018

  EK /
Balam
   Block 2  Block 8  Block 16  Block 17  Block 18  Block 29  Block 32  Block 33  Block 35  Santuario El
Golpe
   Misión   Ébano 

Sales:

                 

Net sales

   10,374,061    —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     1,268,482    644,768    421,591 

Cost of sales

   4,204,499    57,197   67,481   12,485   10,332   60,624   8,072   5,871   8,337   20,142   305,733    306,110    97,643 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross income (loss)

   6,169,562    (57,197  (67,481  (12,485  (10,332  (60,624  (8,072  (5,871  (8,337  (20,142  962,749    338,658    323,948 

Other income (loss), net

   157,876    —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   

Administrative expenses

   129,451    —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

   6,197,987    (57,197  (67,481  (12,485  (10,332  (60,624  (8,072  (5,871  (8,337  (20,142  962,749    338,658    323,948 

Taxes, duties and other

   3,980    —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

   6,194,007    (57,197  (67,481  (12,485  (10,332  (60,624  (8,072  (5,871  (8,337  (20,142  962,749    338,658    323,948 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

   —      54,617   112,592   —     —     —     —     10,578   —     —     —      —      —   

Accounts receivable

   11,698,071    27,376   27,189   874   927   —     —     —     35,454   3,701   1,308,008    669,805    335,434 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

   11,698,071    81,993   139,780   874   927   —     —     10,578   35,454   3,701   1,308,008    669,805    335,434 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

   20,344,054    —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     1,022,923    2,210,968    406,075 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   32,042,125    81,993   139,780   874   927   —     —     10,578   35,454   3,701   2,330,931    2,880,773    741,509 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Suppliers

   1,466,286    —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —      35,984    —   

Taxes and duties payable

   3,980    —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   

Other current liabilities

   2,436,996    139,190   207,261   13,359   11,259   60,624   8,072   16,449   43,791   23,843   301,619    207,387    —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

   3,907,262    139,190   207,261   13,359   11,259   60,624   8,072   16,449   43,791   23,843   301,619    243,371    —   

Other liabilities

   69,195                
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   3,976,457    139,190   207,261   13,359   11,259   60,624   8,072   16,449   43,791   23,843   301,619    243,371    —   

Equity (deficit), net

   21,871,661    —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     1,066,563    2,298,744    417,561 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
        Production-sharing contracts 

As of /For the year ended

December 31, 2020            

 EK-Balam  Block 2  Block 8  Block 16  Block 17  Block 18  Block 29  Block 32  Block 33  Block 35  Santuario
El Golpe
  Misión  Ébano 

Sales:

             

Net sales

  11,838,057   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     1,559,644   942,514   374,118 

Cost of sales

  10,893,808   50,159   45,229   18,443   19,522   65,343   17,783   51,238   107,548   274,445   673,887   1,273,269   637,905 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income (loss)

  944,249   (50,159  (45,229  (18,443  (19,522  (65,343  (17,783  (51,238  (107,548  (274,445  885,757   (330,755  (263,787

Other income (loss), net

  (128,602  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   

Administrative expenses

  62,964   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

  752,683   (50,159  (45,229  (18,443  (19,522  (65,343  (17,783  (51,238  (107,548  (274,445  885,757   (330,755  (263,787

Taxes, duties and other

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

  752,683   (50,159  (45,229  (18,443  (19,522  (65,343  (17,783  (51,238  (107,548  (274,445  885,757   (330,755  (263,787
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

  9   22,852   17,089   —     —     5,431   16   13,868   —     —     15,213   5   —   

Accounts receivable

  11,838,057   161,079   7,848   17,040   (907  —     —     —     (31,348  (21,559  1,640,681   1,290,282   374,118 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

  11,838,066   183,931   24,937   17,040   (907  5,431   16   13,868   (31,348  (21,559  1,655,894   1,290,287   374,118 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

  39,477,424   —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —     1,344,617   802,194   1,317,055 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

  51,315,490   183,931   24,937   17,040   (907  5,431   16   13,868   (31,348  (21,559  3,000,511   2,092,481   1,691,173 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Suppliers

  4,340,715   —     —     18,443   19,522   —     670   —     107,548   274,445   930,246   615,457   602,659 

Taxes and duties payable

  462   999   1,067   —     —     1,481   857   1,871   —     —     —     —     —   

Other current liabilities

  474,670   233,091   69,099   17,040   (907  69,293   16,272   63,235   (31,348  (21,559  96,251   347,774   —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  4,815,847   234,090   70,166   35,483   18,615   70,774   17,799   65,106   76,200   252,886   1,026,497   963,231   602,659 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Equity (deficit), net

  46,499,643   (50,159  (45,229  (18,443  (19,522  (65,343  (17,783  (51,238  (107,548  (274,445  1,974,014   1,129,250   1,088,514 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

   Licence contracts 

As of /For the year ended December 31, 2018

  Block 3  Block 2  Block 5  Block 18  Block 22  Cárdenas
Mora
   Ogarrio   Miquetla 

Sales:

           

Net sales

   —     —     —     —     —     1,586,080    1,265,620   

Cost of sales

   58,261   41,156   52,555   9,390   186,693   714,233    604,373    2,713 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross income (loss)

   (58,261  (41,156  (52,555  (9,390  (186,693  871,847    661,247    (2,713

Other income (loss), net

   —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   

Administrative expenses

   —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

   (58,261  (41,156  (52,555  (9,390  (186,693  871,847    661,247    (2,713

Taxes, duties and other

   —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

   (58,261  (41,156  (52,555  (9,390  (186,693  871,847    661,247    (2,713
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

   —     —     —     3,362   —     —      —      —   

Accounts receivable

   14,888   6,151   —     —     23,555   1,820,428    1,300,773    406 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

   14,888   6,151   —     3,362   23,555   1,820,428    1,300,774    406 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

   —     —     —     —     —     2,528,860    2,122,341    26,206 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   14,888   6,151   —     3,362   23,555   4,349,288    3,423,115    26,612 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Suppliers

   —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   

Taxes and duties payable

   —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   

Other current liabilities

   73,149   47,307   52,555   12,752   210,248   860,137    564,565    2,943 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

   73,149   47,307   52,555   12,752   210,248   860,137    564,565    2,943 

Other liabilities

           
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   73,149   47,307   52,555   12,752   210,248   860,137    564,565    2,943 

Equity (deficit), net

   —     —     —     —     —     2,617,304    2,197,303    26,382 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

   Profit-sharing  License    

As of /For the year ended December 31, 2017

  EK / Balam   Block 2  Block 8  Trion   Block 3  Total 

Sales:

         

Net sales

    7,009,464     —      —     —      —     7,009,464 

Cost of sales

   5,447,955    5,953   4,845   —      511   5,459,264
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income (loss)

   1,561,509    (5,953  (4,845    (511  1,550,200 

Other income (loss), net

   4,852    —     —     —      —     4,852 

Administrative expenses

   34,338    —     —     —      —     34,338 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

   1,532,023    (5,953  (4,845  —      (511  1,520,714 

Taxes, duties and other

   158,347    —     —     —      —     158,347 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

   1,373,676    (5,953)   (4,845  —      (511  1,362,367 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

   —      20   25   —      —     45 

Accounts receivable

   —      1,013   1,804   —      327   3,144 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

   —      1,033   1,829   —      327   3,189 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

   14,869,906    —     —     4,498,234    1,107,311   20,475,451 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

   14,869,906    1,033   1,829   4,498,234    1,107,638   20,478,640 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Suppliers

   796,300    —     —     —      —     796,300 

Taxes and duties payable

   973    —     —     —      —     973 

Other current liabilities

   4,391    1,809   2,369   —      —     8,569 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

   801,664    1,809   2,369   —      —     805,842 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   801,664    1,809   2,369   —      —     805,842 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Equity (deficit), net

    14,068,242    (776  (540   4,498,234     1,107,638    19,672,798 
  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 16.

      License contracts 

As of /For the year ended December 31, 2020

  Trion  Block 3  Block 2  Block 5  Block 18  Block 22  Cárdenas
Mora
   Ogarrio   Miquetla 

Sales:

            

Net sales

   —     —     —     —     —     —     1,005,967    1,184,356    167,504 

Cost of sales

   9,360   32,908   89,762   100,050   106,755   92,633   606,463    674,421    189,557 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross income (loss)

   (9,360  (32,908  (89,762  (100,050  (106,755  (92,633  399,504    509,935    (22,053

Other income (loss), net

   —     —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   

Administrative expenses

   —     —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating income (loss)

   (9,360  (32,908  (89,762  (100,050  (106,755  (92,633  399,504    509,935    (22,053

Taxes, duties and other

   —     —     —     —     —     —     —      —      —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

   (9,360  (32,908  (89,762  (100,050  (106,755  (92,633  399,504    509,935    (22,053
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

   —     —     —     20   20   —     146    512    —   

Accounts receivable

   —     (32,908  (36,216  —     —     (48,872  1,892,736    1,648,777    167,505 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

   —     (32,908  (36,216  20   20   (48,872  1,892,882    1,649,289    167,505 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, net

   —     —     —     —     —     —     1,774,845    1,345,902    97,546 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   —     (32,908  (36,216  20   20   (48,872  3,667,727    2,995,191    265,051 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Suppliers

   9,360   —     85,698   670   —     92,633   690,174    980,727    181,605 

Taxes and duties payable

   —     —     —     4,976   5,312   —     —      —      —   

Other current liabilities

   —     —     (32,152  94,424   101,463   (48,872  886,914    464,933    —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   9,360   —     53,546   100,070   106,775   43,761   1,577,088    1,445,660    181,605 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity (deficit), net

   (9,360  (32,908  (89,762  (100,050  (106,755  (92,633  2,090,639    1,549,531    83,446 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 14.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

At December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, intangible assets, net are mainly wells unassigned to a reserve and other components of intangible assets, which amounted to Ps. 13,720,54022,775,784 and Ps. 14,678,640,Ps.14,584,524, respectively as follows:

A. Wells unassigned to a reserve

   2018   2017 

Wells unassigned to a reserve:

    

Balance at the beginning of period

  Ps. 9,088,563   Ps. 8,639,242 

Additions to construction in progress

   20,352,351    20,553,952 

Transfers against expenses

   (12,934,906   (3,663,986

Transfers against fixed assets

   (6,726,769   (16,440,645
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at the end of period

  Ps.9,779,239   Ps.9,088,563 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

   2020   2019 

Wells unassigned to a reserve:

    

Balance at the beginning of period

  Ps. 12,831,281   Ps. 9,779,239 

Additions to construction in progress

   23,237,519    17,028,974 

Transfers against expenses

   (8,404,284   (7,990,877

Transfers against fixed assets

   (6,229,356   (5,986,055
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at the end of period

  Ps. 21,435,160   Ps. 12,831,281 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

In addition, as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, PEMEX recognized expenses related to unsuccessful wells of Ps. 2,508,18019,351,986 and Ps. 2,500,638,79,595,185, respectively, directly in its statement of comprehensive income.

The other components ofB. Other intangible assets are:

 

As of December 31, 2018  Rights of way   Licenses   Exploration
expenses,
evaluation of
assets and
concessions
   Total 

Cost

        

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps. 2,311,743    3,586,553    1,940,583   Ps. 7,838,879 

Additions

   40,323    638,479    325,471    1,004,273 

Effects of foreign exchange

   —      (10,397   (10,503   (20,900
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   2,352,066    4,214,635    2,255,551    8,822,252 

Amortization accumulated

        

Balance at the beginning of the year

   (179,312   (1,401,443   (668,047   (2,248,802

Amortization

   (86,332   (2,480,760   (76,234   (2,643,326

Effects of foreign exchange

   —      10,761    416    11,177 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   (265,644   (3,871,442   (743,865   (4,880,951

Balance at the end of the year

   2,086,422    343,193    1,511,686   $3,941,301 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Useful lives

   23 years    1 to 3 years    Up to 36 years   
As of December 31, 2017  Rights of way   Licenses   Exploration
expenses,
evaluation of
assets and
concessions
   Total 

Cost

        

Balance at the beginning of the year

   2,311,743    2,990,011    1,940,316    7,242,070 

Additions

   —      589,918    267    590,185 

Effects of foreign exchange

   —      6,624    —      6,624 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   2,311,743    3,586,553    1,940,583    7,838,879 

Amortization accumulated

        

Balance at the beginning of the year

   (179,312   (1,150,473   (636,573   (1,966,358

Amortization

   —      (250,970   (30,026   (280,996

Effects of foreign exchange

   —      —      (1,448   (1,448
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   (179,312   (1,401,443   (668,047   (2,248,802

Balance at the end of the year

   2,132,431    2,185,110    1,272,536    5,590,077 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Useful lives

   23 years    1 to 3 years    Up to 36 years   
As of December 31, 2020  Licenses   Exploration expenses,
evaluation of assets
and concessions
   Total 

Cost

      

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps. 4,593,100    2,174,063    6,767,163 

Additions

   375,801    27,785    403,586 

Disposals

   (139,663   (527,489   (667,152

Effects of foreign exchange

   56,067    94,741    150,808 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  Ps. 4,885,305    1,769,100    6,654,405 

Amortization accumulated

      

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps. (4,232,303   (781,617   (5,013,920

Disposals

   138,099    132,935    271,034 

Amortization

   (441,229   (37,759   (478,988

Effects of foreign exchange

   (56,681   (35,226   (91,907
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   (4,592,114   (721,667   (5,313,781

Balance at the end of the year

  Ps.293,191    1,047,433    1,340,624 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Useful lives

   1 to 3 years    Up to 36 years   

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

NOTE 17. MEXICAN GOVERNMENT Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

As of December 31, 2019  Licenses   Exploration expenses,
evaluation of assets
and concessions
   Total 

Cost

      

Balance at the beginning of the year

   4,391,069    2,255,551    Ps. 6,646,620 

Additions

   201,853    28,850    230,703 

Effects of foreign exchange

   (13,436   (96,724   (110,160
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   4,579,486    2,187,677    6,767,163 

Amortization accumulated

      

Balance at the beginning of the year

   (3,871,442   (743,865   Ps. (4,615,307

Amortization

   (386,414   (70,617   (457,031

Effects of foreign exchange

   25,553    32,865    58,418 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   (4,232,303   (781,617   (5,013,920

Balance at the end of the year

   347,183    1,406,060    Ps. 1,753,243 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Useful lives

   1 to 3 years    Up to 36 years   

NOTE 15.

LONG-TERM NOTES RECEIVABLE, GOVERNMENT BONDS AND OTHER ASSETS

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the balance of long-term notes receivable was as follows:

 

A.

Long-term notes receivable

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of long-term notes receivable was as follows:

  2018   2017   2020   2019 

Promissory notes issued by the Mexican Government

   Ps. 118,827,894    Ps. 147,274,076    Ps. —    Ps. 121,624,852 

Other long-term notes receivable(1)

   1,000,704    1,218,833    886,827    940,454 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total long-term notes receivable

   Ps. 119,828,598    Ps. 148,492,909    Ps. 886,827    Ps. 122,565,306 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Mainly collection rights related to Value Added Tax from thenon-recourse factoring contract between Pemex Logistics and Banco Interacciones,Mercantil del Norte, S.A.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Promissory notes issued by the Mexican Government

 

   2018   2017 

Long-term promissory notes issued by the Mexican Government

   Ps 156,981,745    Ps. 149,796,282 

Less: current portion of notes receivable issued by the Mexican Government(2)

   38,153,851    2,522,206 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Long-term promissory notes

   Ps. 118,827,894    Ps. 147,274,076 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   2020   2019 

Total promissory notes issued by the Mexican Government

   Ps. —      Ps. 126,534,822 

Less: current portion of notes receivable issued by the Mexican Government, net of expected credit losses (2)

   —      4,909,970 

Long-term promissory notes

   Ps. —      Ps. 121,624,852 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(2) 

For 2018, the increase relates toThe amount reflects the principal and interest from promissory notes 21 to 26A, as well as promissory note No. 3 which4 in 2019 matured on March 31, 2019. (see Note 30)2020.

On December 24, 2015, the SHCP published in the Official Gazette of the Federation theDisposiciones de carácter general relativas a la asunción por parte del Gobierno Federal de obligaciones de pago de pensiones y jubilaciones a cargo de Petróleos Mexicanos y sus empresas productivas subsidiarias (General provisions regarding the assumption by the Mexican Government of the payment obligations related to pensions and retirement plans of Petróleos Mexicanos and its productive state-owned subsidiaries). These regulations stated the terms, conditions, financing mechanisms and payment arrangements pursuant to which the SHCP would assume a portion of the payment obligations related to PEMEX’s pensions and retirement plans. An independent expert reviewed the calculation, the methodology used, the maturity profile and all of the information provided by PEMEX.

In accordance with these provisions and prior to the completion of the independent expert’s review described above, on December 24, 2015, the Mexican Government issued in advance payment, through the SHCP, a Ps. 50,000,000non-negotiable promissory note due December 31, 2050 payable to Petróleos Mexicanos. The promissory note, which accrued interest at a rate of 6.93% per year, was recognized as a long-term note receivable innon-current assets once the independent expert named by SHCP concluded its review.

On August 5, 2016, Petróleos Mexicanos received promissory notes issued by the Mexican Government at a discount value of Ps. 184,230,586 as of June 29, 2016, as part of the Mexican Government’s assumption of a portion of the payment liabilities related to Petróleos Mexicanos and Subsidiary Entities’ pensions and retirement plans, which notes were delivered in exchange for the Ps. 50,000,000 promissory notes issued to Petróleos Mexicanos on December 24, 2015. On August 15, 2016, Petróleos Mexicanos exchanged Ps. 47,000,000 of these promissory notes for short-term floating rate Mexican Government debt securities, known as Bonos de Desarrollo del Gobierno Federal (Development Bonds of the Mexican Government or “BONDES D”). Petróleos Mexicanos then sold the BONDES D to Mexican development banks at market prices.

Petróleos Mexicanos recognized a Ps. 135,439,612 increase in equity as a result of the Ps. 184, 230,586184,230,586 of the promissory notes as of June 29, 2016, minus the Ps. 50,000,000 promissory note received by Petróleos Mexicanos on December 24, 2015, plus a Ps. 1,209,026 increase in the value of the promissory notes from June 29, 2016 to August 15, 2016, the date on which PEMEX received the promisorry notes (see Note 24).promissory notes.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, these2019, PEMEX held promissory notes amounted towith a discounted value of Ps. 156,981,745 and Ps. 149,796,282, respectively. PEMEX intends to hold them to maturity.126,534,822. These promissory notes will be converted into cash withhad annual maturity dates ranging from 5.14%2020 to 7.04% in 2018,2036 and yielding rates ranging from 5.39% to 7.00%, as follows:

 

As of December 31, 2018

 

As of December 31, 2019

As of December 31, 2019

 

Number of

Promissory

Notes

  Maturity  Yield Rate Range Principal
Amount
   Maturity  Yield Rate Range Principal
Amount
 

7(1)

  2019  5.14% to 7.04% Ps. 38,153,851 

1

  2020   5.39%   Ps.        4,909,970(1)  

1

  2020  5.39% 4,663,037   2021   5.57%   5,846,979 

1

  2021  5.57% 5,534,162   2022   5.74%   6,500,329 

1

  2022  5.74% 6,142,562   2023   5.88%   7,112,804 

1

  2022  5.88% 6,712,753   2024   5.99%   7,534,758 

5

  2024 to 2028  5.99% to 6.48% 37,123,836   2025 to 2029   6.06% to 6.62%   40,018,603 

5

  2029 to 2033  6.62% to 6.85% 37,522,297   2030 to 2034   6.70% to 6.90%   39,692,547 

3

  2034 to 2036  6.90% to 7.00% 21,129,247 

2

  2035 to 2036   6.95% to 7.00%   14,918,832 
     

 

      

 

 
  Total promissory notes Ps. 156,981,745   Total promissory notes    Ps.    126,534,822 
  Less: current portion 38,153,851   Less: current portion    4,909,970 
     

 

    

 

 
  Long-term notes receivable Ps. 118,827,894   Long-term notes
receivable
    Ps.    121,624,852 
     

 

 

 

(1)

IncludesThe amount of the promissory note No.3 withis Ps. 4,917,970, less an original maturity dateimpairment of March 31, 2019 and interest rates of 5.14%, and promissory notes No. 21 to 26A with original maturity dates ranging from 2037 to 2042 and interest rates from 6.94% to7.04%.Ps. 8,000.

From January 1 to December 31, 2018November 19, 2020 PEMEX recognized Ps. 9,737,1317,097,040 in accrued yieldsinterest from these promissory notes, of which Ps. 28,818 corresponds to accrued interests.notes. This amount was recognized as financing income in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Yield rates for these promissory notes arewere fixed all throughout their lifespans and up to their maturities. In addition, PEMEX believes the promissory notes do not have a credit risk because they are issued by the Mexican Government in Mexican pesos. The expected credit losses as of December 31, 2018 are zero.

As of December 31, 2018 two2019, as part of the Mexican Government’s strategy to finance PEMEX, Petróleos Mexicanos received the prepayment of 7 promissory notes have expired: the first with maturity on March 31, 2017(one maturing in 2019 and 6 in anticipated form) in the amount of Ps. 1,562,288 (Ps 1,518,93238,705,497 (Ps. 32,493,666 of principal and Ps. 43,3566,211,831 of interest), which was transferred to the Fideicomiso Fondo Laboral Pemex (“Pemex Labor Fund” or “FOLAPE”) for the obligation payment related to its pension and retirement plan obligation. The monetization of 2 promissory notes took place after the second with maturity ondocument’s expiration date, resulting in additional interest of Ps. 614.

On March 31, 20182020, Petróleos Mexicanos received the payment of promissory note No. 4 in the amount of Ps. 2,551,0244,983,670 (Ps. 2,364,0534,102,622 of principal and Ps. 186,971881,048 of interest), which werewas transferred to the Fondo Laboral PEMEX (Pemex Labor Fund or “FOLAPE”FOLAPE.

On November 19, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos and the SHCP agreed to exchange 16 promissory notes in favor of Petróleos Mexicanos (notes 5 to 20) in a total amount of Ps. 128,656,192 for 18 series of Mexican Government local bonds (the “Government Bonds”),. The resources from the Government Bonds will be exclusively transferred to the FOLAPE for the payment obligationspayments related to pensionsits pension and retirement plans. plan obligations.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The roll-forward related to the promissory notes is as follows:

   December 31, 
   2020(i)   2019 

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps.126,534,822    156,981,745 

Long-term receivable from the Mexican Government

   (4,102,622   (32,493,666

Accrued interests

   7,097,040    8,266,574 

Interests received from promissory notes

   (881,048   (6,211,831

Reversal of (impairment) of the promissory notes

   8,000    (8,000

Exchange from promissory notes to Bonds

   (128,656,192   —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at the end of the year

  Ps.—      126,534,822 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(i)

Until November 19, 2020.

B. Government bonds

As of December 31, 2020, the balance of Government Bonds (see Note 15-A), includes Government Bonds valued at amortized cost as follows:

2020

Government bonds

Ps. 129,549,519

Less: current portion of Government Bonds, net of expected credit losses (1)

18,036,557

Total long-term notes receivable

Ps. 111,512,962

(1)

Includes an expected credit loss of Ps. 17,581.

As of November 19, 2020, the value of the Government Bonds was Ps. 128,786,611, and the liability was Ps. 95,597,610.

On November 20, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos monetized the whole of the Government Bonds by entering into a three-year financial arrangement to partially raise an equivalent of Ps. 95,597,610 at an annual rate of 8.56275%, maturing November 24, 2023. Petróleos Mexicanos retains the risks, benefits and economic rights of the Government Bonds, which were delivered to a financial institution. Petróleos Mexicanos will continue to collect coupon and principal payments from the securities throughout the term of the transaction. Therefore, Petróleos Mexicanos recognizes these Government Bonds as restricted assets and recognizes short-term debt for the monetization. The resources from the Government Bonds will be transferred to the FOLAPE for payments related to its pension and retirement plan obligations.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Income interest generated by the Government Bonds amounted Ps. 2,103,099 during 2020, which were recognized as financial income in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income and of which Petróleos Mexicanos received the payment of Ps. 817,270.

The Government Bonds consist of 18 series of development bonds (D Bonds, M Bonds and UDI Bonds) issued by the second promissory note was carried out two days after the expiration date, which generated additional interest of $644. The monetizedSHCP with maturities between 2021 and 2026, with a notional amount of the second promissory note was Ps. 2,551,668 (Ps. 2,364,053 of principal118,280,727 and Ps. 187,615913,482 in UDIs.

As of interest)December 31, 2020, the fair value of the transferred assets is Ps. 129,320,536, and the fair value of the associated liabilities is Ps. 95,630,214, resulting in a net position of Ps. 33,690,322.

As of December 31, 2020, the recorded liability is Ps 95,597,610 (see Note 16).

The roll-forward of the Mexican Bonds is as follows:

B.
2020

Promissory notes value at the beginning of the exchange as of November 19, 2020

Ps.128,656,192

Financial income from the Exchange of promissory notes to Bonds

130,419

Initial value of Mexican Bonds as of November 19, 2020

128,786,611

Accrued interests

2,103,099

Interests received from bonds

(817,270

Impact of the valuation of bonds in UDIS

(505,339

(Impairment) of bonds

(17,582

Balance at the end of the year

Ps. 129,549,519

C.

Other assets

At December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the balance of other assets was as follows:

 

  2018   2017   December 31, 

Insurance

   Ps. 3,591,079    Ps. 3,089,801 
  2020   2019 

Payments in advance

   1,114,513    1,593,315   Ps.5,223,679    2,650,251 

Other(1)

   1,720,218    1,211,984    1,680,934    1,518,801 

Insurance

   678,897    484,955 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total other assets

   Ps. 6,425,810    Ps. 5,895,100   Ps. 7,583,510    4,654,007 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

NOTE 18.

(1)

Includes restricted cash for Ps. 50,661 as of December 31, 2020, as a result of a cash retention ordered by the court in a commercial judgement promoted by OPCO Soluciones, S.A. de C.V. against PEMEX’s subsidiary company AGRO, due to lack of payment by this subsidiary company.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 16.

DEBT

The Ley de Ingresos de la Federación (“Federal Income LawLaw”) applicable to PEMEX as of January 1, 2018,2020, published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on November 15, 2017,25, 2019, authorized Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Entities to incur an internal net debt up to Ps. 30,000,00010,000,000 and an external net debt up to U.S. $6,182,800.$1,250,000. PEMEX can incur additional internal or external debt, as long as the total amount of net debt (Ps. 143,000,00034,875,000, equivalent to U.S. $7,813,000)$1,851,000) does not exceed the ceiling established by the Federal Income Law.

The Board of Directors approves the terms and conditions for the incurrenceglobal financing proposal of obligations that constitute public debt of Petróleos Mexicanos in order to incorporate it into the Federal Income Law for eachthe fiscal year 2020, in accordance with the Petróleos Mexicanos Law and the Reglamento de la Ley de Petróleos Mexicanos (Regulations to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law). These terms and conditions are promulgated in accordance with the guidelines approved by the SHCP for Petróleos Mexicanos for the respective fiscal year.

Subsequently, the Board of Directors of PEMEX approved the debt program for fiscal year 2018 in accordance with Article 13 section XXVI of the Petróleos Mexicanos Law.

During the period from January 1 to December 31, 2018,2020, PEMEX participated in the following financing activities:

 

On February, 12, 2018,January 21, 2020 Petróleos Mexicanos increased its Medium-Term Notes Program from U.S. $102,000,000 to U.S. $112,000,000.

On January 28, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos issued U.S. $4,000,000$5,000,000 of debt securities under its U.S. $92,000,000$112,000,000 Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C, in two tranches:

(1) U.S. $2,500,000 5.35%5.950% Notes due 2028 and 2031

(2) U.S. $1,500,000 6.35% Bonds$2,500,000 6.950% Notes due 2048.2060

All debt securities under this program are jointly and severally guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Logistics and their respective successors and assignees.

On January 30, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos repurchased a total of U.S. $61,992 notes due 2020.

 

On February 12, 2018,6, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos consummated anthe early settlement of its waterfall exchange offer pursuant to which it exchanged exchanged:

A)

a total of U.S. $1,252,303 of notes and bonds with maturity dates between 2021 and 2026 as follows:

(1) U.S. $952,454,$264,752 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.500% Notes due 2021,

(2) U.S. $171,662 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 6.375% Bonds due 2044 2021,

(3) U.S. $148,535 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.875% Notes due 2022,

(4) U.S. $63,854 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding Floating Rate Notes due 2022,

(5) U.S. $157,487 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.375% Notes due 2022,

(6) U.S. $216,727 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.500% Notes due 2023,

(7) U.S. $117,333 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.625% Notes due 2023 and

(8) U.S. $111,953 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.500 % Notes due 2026,

for U.S. $881,899,$1,300,000 aggregate principal amount of its new 6.350% Bonds5.950% Notes due 20482031.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

B)

a total of U.S. $1,374,426 of notes and bonds with maturity dates between 2044 and 2048 as follows:

(1) U.S. $179,332 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.500% Notes due 2044,

(2) U.S. $ 1,021,065,$750,969 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.625% Bonds due 2046 and

(3) U.S. $444,125 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 6.350% Notes due 2048,

for U.S. $946,764,$1,300,000 aggregate principal amount of its new 6.350%6.950% Bonds due 2048.2060.

On March 5, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos consummated a tender offer pursuant to which it purchased U.S. $138,598 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.125%The 5.950% Notes due 2019, U.S. $558,644 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.500% Notes2031 and 6.950% Bonds due 2019, U.S. $91,843 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 8.000% Notes due 2019, U.S. $183,017 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 6.000% Notes due 20202060 are jointly and U.S. $817,303 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.500% Notes due 2020.

On March 27, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a credit line in the amount of U.S. $181,101, which bears interest at a rate linked to LIBOR plus 70 basis points, due February 2025 and was used on April 13, 2018.

On April 16, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos increased its Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C, from U.S. $92,000,000 to U.S. $102,000,000.

On May 24, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos issued €3,150,000 of debt securities under its U.S.$102,000,000 Medium Term Notes Program, Series C in four tranches: (i) €600,000 of its 2.500% Notes due on November 24, 2022; (ii) €650,000 of its Floating Rate Notes due on August 24, 2023; (iii) €650,000 of its 3.625% Notes due on November 24, 2025; and (iv) €1,250,000 of its 4.750% Notes due on February 26, 2029. All debt securities issued under this program areseverally guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services and their respective successors and assignees.

assignees and represent reopenings of the 5.950% Notes due 2031 and 6.950% Bonds due 2060, respectively, originally issued on January 29, 2020.

On June 4, 2018,May 26, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos partially renewed a credit line of U.S. $400,000 maturing on May 2020 for U.S. $200,000 maturing in 2021 linked to three-month LIBOR plus 350 basis points.

On August 24, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a U.S. $150,000 term loan due August 2022, which bears interest at a floating rate linked to three-month LIBOR plus 425 basis points.

On October 16, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos issued CHF365,000U.S. $1,500,000 of its 1.750%6.875% Notes due 2023October 2025 under its U.S.$102,000,000 $112,000,000 Medium Term Notes Program, Series C.

 

On June 26, 2018,Pro-Agroindustrias, refinanced a credit line for U.S. $250,000November 20, 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos monetized the Government Bonds by entering into a newthree-year financial arrangement to raise Ps. 95,597,610 at a rate of 8.56275% per annum, with a maturity of November 24, 2023. Petróleos Mexicanos retains the economic rights of the New Government Bonds, accordingly Petróleos Mexicanos accounts for them as restricted assets and recognizes debt for this transaction. (See Note 15-B)

On December 7, 2020, PMI Trading, as borrower, and Petróleos Mexicanos, as guarantor, entered into a U.S. $1,500,000 revolving credit line for the same amount,facility maturing in 2023, which bears interest at a floating rate linked to LIBOR plus 300 to 475 basis points on a quarterly basis and matures on December 26, 2025. This credit agreement is guaranteed by Petróleos Mexicanos.points.

 

On December 15, 2020, PEMEX implemented a financial factoring transaction to support its suppliers for an amount of Ps. 4,067,650 for 180 days at the Tasa de Interés Interbancaria de Equilibrio (“TIIE”) or for 91 days at a rate of 172 to 247 basis points.

On August 23, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos renewed and restructured one of its liquidity management lines for which it entered into a loan agreement in the amount of U.S. $200,000, which bears interest at a floating rate linked to LIBOR and matures in 2023.

On October 23, 2018 Petróleos Mexicanos issued U.S. $ 2,000,000, of debt securities under U.S. $ 102,000,000 of its 6.500%, Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C, due 2029.

On November 9, 2018, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into anew revolving credit facility in the amount of Ps. 9,000,000, which matures in 2023.

On November 30, 2018,contract with a banking union. This new line was made available to PMI Trading, with Petróleos Mexicanos borrowed U.S. $250,000 from a bilateral credit line, which bears interest at a floating rate linkedMexicanos’ corporate guarantee to LIBOR plus 80 basis pointsmeet its financial needs and matures in 2028.strengthen PEMEX’s liquidity.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, Petróleos Mexicanos and PMI Trading (previously managed by HHS) had U.S. $6,700,000$7,700,000 and Ps. 32,500,00037,000,000 in available credit lines in order to ensureprovide liquidity, of which U.S. $6,400,000$1,900,000 and Ps. 26,200,00037,000,000 are available.

All of the financing activities mentioned above were guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogenerationtheir respective sucessors and Services (inassignees.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the case of Pemex Cogeneration and Services, until July 27, 2018, the date it was liquidated (see Note 1)).consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

On December 1, 2020, credit lines operated by HHS were transferred to PMI Trading. From January 1 to December 31, 2018,2020, PMI HBV (until July 31, 2018) and P.M.I. Holdings Holland Services, B.V.,Trading obtained U.S. $ 21,449,200$28,489,000 from its revolving credit line and repaid U.S. $ 21,099,000.$27,657,935. As of December 31, 2017,2019, the outstanding amount under this revolving credit line was U.S. $350,000.$1,556,000. As of December 31, 2018,2020, the outstanding amount under this revolving credit line was U.S. $ 700,000.$2,387,065.

The Federal Income Law applicable to PEMEX as of January 1, 2017,2019, published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on November 17, 2016,December 28, 2018, authorized Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Entities to incur an internal net debt up to Ps. 28,000,0004,350,000 and an external net debt up to U.S. $7,100,000.$5,422,500. PEMEX can incur additional internal or external debt, as long as the total amount of net debt (Ps. 150,000,000112,000,000 equivalent to U.S. $8,055,900)$5,640,000) does not exceed the ceiling established by the Federal Income Law.

On July 8, 2016, theThe Board of Directors approves the global financing proposal of Petróleos Mexicanos approved policies and general requirements for obligations that constitute public debt of Petróleos Mexicanos and Subsidiary Entities,in order to incorporate it into the Federal Income Law for the fiscal year 2019, in accordance with Article 106 section I of the Petroleos Mexicanos Law.

Subsequently, the Board of Directors of PEMEX, approved the debt program for fiscal year 2017 in accordance with Article 13 section XXVI of the Petróleos Mexicanos Law.Law and the Reglamento de la Ley de Petróleos Mexicanos (Regulations to the Petróleos Mexicanos Law).

During the period from January 1 to December 31, 2017,2019, PEMEX participated in the following financing activities:

 

On June 28, 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a U.S. $5,500,000 revolving credit facility due 2024 and a U.S. $2,500,000 term loan facility due 2024.

On July 29, 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a credit line by Export Credit Agency in the amount of U.S. $206,901 which bears interest at a rate linked to six-month LIBOR due 2028.

From September to October 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos conducted financing and liability management transactions pursuant to which

On September 23, 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos issued the following debt securities under its U.S. $102,000,000 Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C: (1) U.S. $1,250,000 6.490% Notes due 2027; (2) U.S. $3,250,000 6.840% Notes due 2030; and (3) U.S. $3,000,000 7.690% Bonds due 2050. All debt securities under this program are jointly and severally guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Logistics and their respective successors and assignees.

On September 23, 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos consummated a tender offer pursuant to which it purchased

 a.(1)

On February 14, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos issued € 4,250,000 of debt securities under its Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C in three tranches: (i) € 1,750,000U.S. $491,803 aggregate principal amount of its 2.50%outstanding 6.000% Notes due August 2021;(ii) € 1,250,000 of its 3.75% Notes due February 2024; and (iii) € 1,250,000 of its 4.875% Notes due February 2028.

b.

On April 6, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos executed a U.S. $132,000,non-revolving bilateral credit line from Banco Mercantil del Norte, S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero Banorte, due on April 6, 2024, which bears a fixed interest rate of 5.25%.2020;

 

 c.(2)

On May 15, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a simple credit line in the amount of U.S. $400,000 at a floating interest rate linked to LIBOR plus 165 basis points, due May 2020 and was used in two tranches of U.S. $200,000 (on May 24, 2017 and July 14, 2017, respectively).

d.

On June 16, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos increased its Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C, from U.S. $72,000,000 to U.S. $92,000,000.

e.

On July 17, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a revolving credit facility in the amount of U.S. $1,950,000 and matures in 2020.

f.

On July 18, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos issued under its U.S.$92,000,000 Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C: (i) U.S. $2,500,000 of its 6.500% Notes due March 2027; and (ii) U.S. $2,500,000 of its 6.75% Bonds due September 2047.

g.

On July 21, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos consummated a tender offer pursuant to which it purchased U.S. $922,485 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.750% Notes due 2018, U.S. $644,374$242,511 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.500% Notes due 2018 and 2020;

(3)

U.S. $172,591$1,897,615 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.125%5.500% Notes due 2019.2021;

 

 h.(4)

On November 16, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos issued £450,000 at a rate interestU.S. $883,977 aggregate principal amount of its 3.750%outstanding 6.375% Notes due 2025 under its U.S.$92,000,000 Medium-Term Notes Program, Series C.2021;

 

 i.(5)

On December 15, 2017, AGRO refinanced a credit line for U.S. $390,000, prepayingU.S. $140,000 and entering into a new credit line for the$17,316 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding U.S. $250,000, which bears interest at a floating rate linked to LIBOR plus 250 basis points on a quarterly basis and matures on June 29, 2018.8.625% Bonds due 2022;

 

 j.(6)

On December 18, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a bilateral credit line facility in theU.S. $96,970 aggregate principal amount of U.S. $200,000, which bears interest at a floating rate linked to LIBOR plus 165 basis points and matures on December 18, 2020.its outstanding Floating Rate Notes due 2022;

 

 k.(7)

U.S. $235,177 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.375% Notes due 2022;

(8)

U.S. $361,601 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.875% Notes due 2022;

(9)

U.S. $344,853 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.500% Notes due 2023; and

(10)

U.S. $433,946 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.625% Notes due 2023.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

On September 27, 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos consummated an exchange offer pursuant to which it exchanged

(1)

U.S. $940,618 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.875% Notes due 2022,

(2)

U.S. $53,310 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 8.625% Bonds due 2022,

(3)

U.S. $334,442 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding Floating Rate Notes due 2022,

(4)

U.S. $654,668 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.375% Notes due 2022,

(5)

U.S. $389,985 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.500% Notes due 2023,

(6)

U.S. $612,735 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.625% Notes due 2023,

(7)

U.S. $58,982 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 8.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2023,

(8)

U.S. $466,787 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.875% Notes due 2024,

(9)

U.S. $208,769 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.250% Notes due 2025,

(10)

U.S. $1,439,479 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 6.500% Bonds due 2041,

(11)

U.S. $730,486 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.500% Bonds due 2044,

(12)

U.S. $1,439,519 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 6.375% Bonds due 2045 and

(13)

U.S. $277,215 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.625% Bonds due 2046

for U.S. $1,102,232 aggregate principal amount of its new 6.490% Notes due 2027, U.S. $1,163,586 aggregate principal amount of its new 6.840% Notes due 2030 and U.S. $5,065,788 aggregate principal amount of its new 7.690% Bonds due 2050.

On October 11, 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos consummated an exchange offer pursuant to which it exchanged

(1)

U.S. $7,698 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.875% Notes due 2022,

(2)

U.S. $10 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 8.625% Bonds due 2022,

(3)

U.S. $120 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding Floating Rate Notes due 2022,

(4)

U.S. $500 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 5.375% Notes due 2022,

(5)

U.S. $4,247 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.500% Notes due 2023,

(6)

U.S. $3,050 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.625% Notes due 2023,

(7)

U.S. $20 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 8.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2023,

(8)

U.S. $595 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.875% Notes due 2024 and

(9)

U.S. $273 aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 4.250% Notes due 2025

for U.S. $8,198 aggregate principal amount of its new 6.490% Notes due 2027, U.S. $7,245 aggregate principal amount of its new 6.840% Notes due 2030 and U.S. $617 aggregate principal amount of its new 7.690% Bonds due 2050.

On November 14, 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a Ps. 28,000,000 syndicated revolving credit line due in 2022.

On December 21, 2017,23, 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos borrowed U.S. $300,000 from a bilateral credit line which bears interestissued Ps. 5,100,368 aggregate principal amount of Certificados Bursatiles due 2024 at a floating rate linked to LIBORthe TIIE plus 175 basis points, which matures on December 21, 2022.1%. These Certificados Bursatiles were issued under Petróleos Mexicanos’ Ps. 100,000,000 or Unidades de Inversión (“UDI”) equivalent Certificados Bursátiles Program.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

As of December 31, 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos had U.S. $7,450,000 and Ps. 37,000,000 in available credit lines in order to provide liquidity, of which U.S. $6,780,000 and Ps. 16,000,000 are available.

All the financing activitesactivities mentioned above were guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services Pemex Logistics(until July 1, when merged, see Note 1) and Pemex Cogeneration and Services.Logistics.

From January 1 to December 31, 2017, PMI HBV2019, HHS obtained U.S. $15,141,500 in financing$22,456,000 from its revolving credit line and repaid U.S. $14,914,000.$21,600,000. As of December 31, 2017,2018, the outstanding amount under this revolving credit line was U.S. $227,500.

$700,000. As of December 31, 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos had2019, the outstanding amount under this revolving credit line was U.S. $6,700,000 and Ps. 23,500,000 in available credit lines in order to ensure liquidity. The available amounts are U.S. $5,400,000 and Ps. 23,500,000, respectively.$1,556,000.

Various financial transactions (including credit facilities and bond issuances) require compliance with various covenants that, among other things, place restrictions on the following types of transactions by PEMEX, subject to certain exceptions:

 

The sale of substantial assets essential for the continued operations of its business.

 

The incurrence of liens against its assets.

 

Transfers, sales or assignments of rights to payment not yet earned under contracts for the sale of crude oil or natural gas, accounts receivable or other negotiable instruments.

As of December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 and as of the date of the issuance of these consolidated financial statements, PEMEX was in compliance with the covenants described above.

As of December 31, 2018, long-term2020 and 2019, debt was as follows:

 

   

Rate of interest (1)

  

Maturity

  Pesos
(thousands)
   Foreign
currency
(thousands)
 

U.S. dollars

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.7% to 9.5% and LIBOR plus 0.35% to 3.65%  Various to 2048  Ps. 1,163,861,026   US$59,130,566 

Purchasing loans

  LIBOR plus 0.85%  Various to 2019   5,904,870    300,000 

Project financing

  Fixed from 2.45% to 3.81% and LIBOR plus 0.24% to 1.75%  Various to 2028   52,159,977    2,650,015 

Direct loans

  Fixed from 3.31% to 5.25% and LIBOR plus 1.65% to 1.75%  Various to 2031   51,365,998    2,609,676 

Syndicated loans

  LIBOR plus 0.85%  Various to 2020   39,164,611    1,989,778 

Bank loans

  LIBOR plus 1.19% to 3.50%  Various to 2023   2,704,412    137,399 

Financial leases

  Fixed from 4.44% to 4.54%  Various to 2025   6,053,280    307,540 

Lease-back(4)

  Fixed from 5.4% to 8.4%  Various to 2036   30,903,650    1,570,076 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total financing in U.S. dollars

       1,352,117,824   US$68,695,050 
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Euros

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.875% to 5.5%  Various to 2030   334,044,298    14,842,851 

Financial leases

  Fixed to 11.26%  Various to 2022   222    10 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Direct loans

  Fixed to 5.11%  Various to 2023   11,255,352    500,118 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total financing in Euros

       345,299,872    15,342,979 
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Japanese yen:

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 0.54% to 3.5% and LIBOR yen plus 0.75%  Various to 2026   31,171,326   ¥ 173,850,117 
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pesos

        

Certificados bursátiles

  Mexican Government Treasury Certificates (“Cetes”) , TIIE(1) less 0.06% to 1.35%, and fixed at 7.19% to 9.1%  Various to 2026  Ps. 148,090,688   

Direct loans

  Fixed at 6.55% and TIIE plus 0.50% to 4.0%  Various to 2029   32,309,858   

Syndicated loans

  TIIE plus 0.95%  Various to 2025   28,925,329   
      

 

 

   

Total financing in pesos

      Ps. 209,325,875   

Unidades de Inversión Certificados bursátiles

        

Certificados bursátiles

  Zero rate and Fixed at 3.02% to 5.23%  Various to 2035   59,727,769   
      

 

 

   

Other currencies:

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.5% to 8.25%  Various to 2025   48,192,756   
      

 

 

   

Total principal in pesos(2)

       2,045,835,422   

Plus: accrued interest

       33,432,631   

Notes payable to contractors(3)

       3,018,063   
      

 

 

   

Total principal and interest

       2,082,286,116   

Less: short-term maturities

       154,191,754   

Short-term portion of financing lease

       2,490,963   

Current portion of notes payable to contractors(3)

       1,680,361   

Accrued interest

       33,432,631   
      

 

 

   

Total short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt

       191,795,709   
      

 

 

   

Long-term debt

      Ps. 1,890,490,407   
    

 

 

   

2020

 
   

Rate of interest (1)

  

Maturity

  Pesos   Foreign currency 

U.S. dollars

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.7% to 9.5% and LIBOR plus 0.35% to 3.65%  Various to 2060   1,290,409,906   U.S. $64,686,416 

Project financing

  Fixed from 2.45% and LIBOR plus 0.24% to 1.75%  Various to 2028   34,345,097    1,721,671 

Direct loans

  Fixed to 5.25% and LIBOR plus 1.75% to 4.25%  Various to 2031   28,275,087    1,417,390 

Syndicated loans

  LIBOR plus 2.35%  Various to 2024   49,871,676    2,499,996 

Bank loans

  LIBOR plus 3.50% to 5.28%  Various to 2023   1,170,542    58,678 

Revolving credit lines

  LIBOR plus 2.00% to 3.75% and Fed effective plus 1.30%  2021   119,110,538    5,970,842 

Financing of Infrastructure asset

  Fixed from 5.4% and 8.4%  Various to 2036   28,131,267    1,410,180 

Total financing in U.S. dollars

       1,551,314,113   U.S. $77,765,173 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Euros

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.875% to 5.5% and EURIBOR plus 2.4%  Various to 2030   307,867,094   12,614,815 

Direct loans

  Fixed to 5.11%  Various to 2023   12,202,600    500,000 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total financing in Euros

       320,069,694   13,114,815 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Japanese yen:

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 0.54% to 3.5%  Various to 2026   21,243,790   ¥109,900,621 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pesos

        

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

As of December 31, 2017, long-term debt wasNotes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as follows:noted)

 

   

Rate of interest (1)

  Maturity   Pesos
(thousands)
   Foreign
currency
(thousands)
 

U.S. dollars

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.7% to 9.5% and LIBOR plus 0.35% to 3.65%   Various to 2047   Ps. 1,138,845,231   US$57,556,097 

Purchasing loans

  LIBOR plus 0.85%   Various to 2018    25,722,710    1,300,000 

Project financing

  Fixed from 2.35% to 3.81% and
LIBOR plus 0.24% to 1.75%
   Various to 2025    64,974,389    3,283,741 

Direct loans

  Fixed from 5.25% to 5.44% and LIBOR plus 1.65%   Various to 2020    43,141,231    2,180,315 

Syndicated loans

  LIBOR plus 0.85%   Various to 2020    39,347,774    1,988,597 

Bank loans

  Fixed from 3.5% to 5.28%   Various to 2023    3,451,629    174,442 

Financial leases

  Fixed from 0.38% to 1.99%   Various to 2025    7,621,062    385,161 

Lease-back(4)

  Fixed from 0.45% to 0.7%   Various to 2036    32,677,268    1,651,476 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total financing in U.S. dollars

       1,355,781,294   US$68,519,829 
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Euros

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.875% to 5.5%   Various to 2030    287,386,195   12,097,975 

Project financing

  Fixed from 2.1% to 5.11%   Various to 2023    11,879,379    500,081 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total financing in Euros

       299,265,574   12,598,056 
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Japanese yen:

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 0.54% to 3.5% and LIBOR yen plus 0.75%   Various to 2026    30,541,407   ¥173,827,018 
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pesos

        

Certificados bursátiles

  Mexican Government Treasury Certificates (“Cetes”) , TIIE(1) less 0.06% to 1.35%, and fixed at 7.19% to 9.1%   Various to 2026   Ps. 149,564,918   

Direct loans

  Fixed at 6.55% and TIIE plus 0.85% to 1.25%   Various to 2025    28,597,423   

Syndicated loans

  TIIE plus 0.95   Various to 2025    33,646,107   
      

 

 

   

Total financing in pesos

      Ps. 211,808,448   

Unidades de Inversión Certificados bursátiles

        

Certificados bursátiles

  Zero rate and Fixed at 3.02% to 5.23%   Various to 2035    57,197,211   
      

 

 

   

Other currencies:

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.5% to 8.25%   Various to 2025    47,148,936   
      

 

 

   

Total principal in pesos(2)

       2,001,742,870   

Plus: accrued interest

       32,078,624   

Notes payable to contractors(3)

       4,053,577   
      

 

 

   

Total principal and interest

       2,037,875,071   

Less: short-term maturities

       119,855,835   

Short-term portion of financing lease

       3,101,723   

Current portion of notes payable to contractors(3)

       2,173,285   

Accrued interest

       32,078,624   
      

 

 

   

Total short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt

       157,209,467   
      

 

 

   

Long-term debt

      Ps. 1,880,665,604   
    

 

 

   

2020

 
   

Rate of interest (1)

  

Maturity

  Pesos   Foreign currency 

Certificados bursátiles

  TIIE plus 1.00%, and fixed at 7.19% to 7.65%  Various to 2026   113,253,512   

Direct loans

  Fixed at 6.55% and TIIE plus 0.85% to 4.1%  Various to 2029   19,061,275   

Plus Factoring

  TIIE plus 1.25% to 2.0%  In 2021   4,067,650   

Syndicated loans

  TIIE plus 0.95%  Various to 2025   19,740,035   

Monetization of Mexican Government Bonds

  Fixed at 8.56275%  Various to 2023   95,597,610   

Total financing in pesos

       251,720,082   

UDIs

        

Certificados bursátiles

  Zero rate and Fixed at 3.02% to 5.23%  Various to 2035   37,346,014   

Other currencies:

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.75% to 8.25%  Various to 2025   33,355,569   

Total principal in pesos(2)

       2,215,049,262   

Plus: accrued interest

       42,656,852   

Notes payable to contractors(3)

       1,021,203   
      

 

 

   

Total principal and interest

       2,258,727,317   

Less: short-term maturities

       347,755,237   

Current portion of notes payable to contractors(3)

       685,178   

Accrued interest

       42,656,852   
      

 

 

   

Total short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt

       391,097,267   
      

 

 

   

Long-term debt

       1,867,630,050   
      

 

 

   

2019

 
   

Rate of interest (1)

  

Maturity

  Pesos   Foreign currency 

U.S. dollars

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.7% to 9.5% and LIBOR plus 0.35% to 3.65%  Various to 2050   1,118,518,559   U.S. $59,352,968 

Project financing

  Fixed from 2.45% and LIBOR plus 0.24% to 1.75%  Various to 2028   41,154,129    2,183,799 

Direct loans

  Fixed from 2.50% to 5.25% and LIBOR plus 1.65% to 3.50%  Various to 2031   62,698,930    3,327,050 

Syndicated loans

  LIBOR plus 2.35%  Various to 2024   47,107,647    2,499,716 

Bank loans

  LIBOR plus 1.19% to 3.50%  Various to 2023   1,862,411    98,827 

Revolving credit lines

  LIBOR plus 1.85%  2020   12,626,284    670,000 

Financing of Infrastructure asset

  Fixed from 5.4% and 8.4%  Various to 2036   28,143,335    1,493,395 

Total financing in U.S. dollars

     1,312,111,295   U.S. $69,625,755 
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Euros

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.875% to 5.5% and EURIBOR plus 2.4%  Various to 2030   293,984,741   13,897,557 

Direct loans

  Fixed to 5.11% and EURIBOR plus 2.5%  Various to 2023   11,561,660    546,554 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total financing in Euros

     305,546,401   14,444,111 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Japanese yen:

        

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

2019

 
   

Rate of interest (1)

  

Maturity

  Pesos   Foreign currency 

Bonds

  Fixed from 0.54% to 3.5% and LIBOR yen plus 0.75%  Various to 2026   30,148,292   ¥173,865,582 
      

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pesos

        

Certificados bursátiles

  Mexican Government Treasury Certificates (“Cetes”) , TIIE(1) plus 0.15% to 1.00%, and fixed at 7.19% to 9.1%  Various to 2026   133,409,581   

Direct loans

  Fixed at 6.55% and 7.01% and TIIE plus 0.85% to 4.01%  Various to 2029   38,558,166   

Syndicated loans

  TIIE plus 0.95%  Various to 2025   24,270,589   

Revolving credit lines

  TIIE plus 1.50% and 1.95%  Various to 2020   21,000,000   
      

 

 

   

Total financing in pesos

       217,238,336   

UDIs

        

Certificados bursátiles

  Zero rate and Fixed at 3.02% to 5.23%  Various to 2035   41,388,521   
      

 

 

   

Other currencies:

        

Bonds

  Fixed from 1.5% to 8.25%  Various to 2025   41,553,990   
      

 

 

   

Total principal in pesos(2)

   1,947,986,835   

Plus: accrued interest

   33,146,807   

Notes payable to contractors(3)

   2,040,446   
  

 

 

   

Total principal and interest

   1,983,174,088   

Less: short-term maturities

   210,530,524   

Current portion of notes payable to contractors(3)

   1,246,854   

Accrued interest

   33,146,807   
  

 

 

   

Total short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt

   244,924,185   
  

 

 

   

Long-term debt

   1,738,249,903   
  

 

 

   

The following table presents the roll-forward of total debt of PEMEX for each of the year ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, which includes short and long-term debt:

 

  2018 (i)   2017 (i)   2020 (i)   2019 (i) 

Changes in total debt:

        

At the beginning of the year

  Ps. 2,037,875,071   Ps. 1,983,170,730   Ps.1,983,174,088   Ps.2,082,286,116 

Transfers to lease liabilities

   —      (6,053,280

Loans obtained - financing
institutions

   899,769,012    704,715,468    1,292,197,518    1,167,834,946 

Debt payments

   (838,934,803   (639,950,041   (1,151,962,147   (1,185,042,283

Accrued interest

   120,727,022    117,644,548 

Accrued interest(ii)

   144,207,950    128,061,187 

Interest paid

   (115,289,389   (108,910,417   (130,989,150   (127,945,203

Foreign exchange

   (19,762,208   (16,685,439   122,099,058    (75,967,395

Discounts and expenses related to debt issuance

   (2,098,589   (2,109,778
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

At the end of the year

  Ps. 2,082,286,116   Ps. 2,037,875,071   Ps. 2,258,727,317   Ps. 1,983,174,088 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

(i)

These amounts include accounts payable by Financed Public Works Contracts (“FPWC”) (formerly known as Multiple Services Contracts), which do not generate cash flows.

(ii)

For 2020 and 2019, includes Ps. 1,555,266 and Ps. (1,476,826), respectively, of income (expenses) consisting of Ps. 1,868,501 and Ps. (958,142), respectively, of expenses and discounts related to issuance of debt and Ps. (313,275) and Ps. (518,684), respectively, of fees to the issuance of debt.

 

   2019   2020   2021   2022   2023   2024 and
thereafter
   Total 

Maturity of the total principal outstanding and accrued interest as of December 31, 2018, for each of the years ending December 31.

  Ps. 191,795,709    189,948,833    184,328,985    171,607,627    168,577,397    1,176,027,565   Ps. 2,082,286,116 
   2021   2022   2023   2024   2025   2026 and
thereafter
   Total 

Maturity of the total principal outstanding and accrued interest as of December 31, 2020, for each of the years ending December 31.

   391,097,267    117,932,866    131,155,018    181,061,085    114,228,026    1,323,253,055    2,258,727,317 

 

(1) 

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, interest rates were as follows: 3 month LIBOR of 2.80763%0.23838% and 1.69428%1.90838%, respectively; 6 month LIBOR of 2.875630%0.25763% and 1.83707%1.91213%, respectively; TIIE rate of 8.5897%4.4842% and 7.6241%7.5555%, respectively, for 28 days; TIIE rate of 8.6375%4.4660% and 7.6556%7.4465%, respectively, for 91 days.

(2) 

Includes financing from foreign banks of Ps. 1,746,196,8191,992,963,415 and Ps. 1,701,363,406,1,648,779,936, as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, respectively.

(3) 

The total amounts of notes payable to contractors as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, current and long-term, are as follows:

  2020   2019 
  2018   2017 

Total notes payable to contractors(a) (b)

  Ps. 3,018,063   Ps. 4,053,577   Ps. 1,021,204   Ps. 2,040,446 

Less: current portion of notes payable to contractors

   1,680,361    2,173,285    685,179    1,246,854 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Notes payable to contractors (long-term)

  Ps. 1,337,702   Ps. 1,880,292   Ps.336,025   Ps.793,592 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

(a) 

PEMEX has entered into FPWCs pursuant to which the hydrocarbons and construction in progress are property of Pemex Exploration and Production. Pursuant to the FPWC, the contractors manage the work in progress, classified as development, infrastructure and maintenance. As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, PEMEX had an outstanding amount payable of Ps. 1,153,10881,364 and Ps. 1,678,843,755,860, respectively.

(b) 

During 2007, Pemex-ExplorationPemex Exploration and Production contracted for the purchase of a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (“FPSO”) vessel. The investment in the vessel totaled U.S. $723,575. As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the outstanding balances owed to the contractor were Ps. 1,864,955939,839 (U.S. $ 94,751)$47,112) and Ps. 2,374,7341,284,587 (U.S. $120,017)$68,165), respectively. In accordance with the contract, the estimated future payments are as follows:

 

Year

  Amount   Amount 

2019

  U.S.$25,267 

2020

   25,267 

2021

   25,267    33,005 

2022

   18,950    17,265 
  

 

   

 

 

Less accrued interest

   3,158 

Total

  U.S $94,751    47,112 
  

 

   

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

(4) 

PEMEX obtained financing through the sale and leaseback of certain infrastructure assets and a plant, which will require periodic payments through 2036.

This transaction was recognized as a financing activity due to the fact that PEMEX retained all of the risks and benefits associated with ownership of the asset and substantially all of the operating rights to the assets.

The outstanding liability for this transaction is payable as follows:

Years

  Pesos   U.S. dollars 

2019

  Ps. 3,865,651   U.S. $196,396 

2020

   3,865,651    196,396 

2021

   3,865,651    196,396 

2022

   3,865,651    196,396 

2023

   3,865,651    196,396 

2024 and thereafter

   35,325,193    1,794,715 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   54,653,448    2,776,695 

Less: short-term unaccrued interest

   2,309,281    117,324 

Less: long-term unaccrued interest

   21,440,519    1,089,297 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total financing

   30,903,648    1,570,074 

Less: short-term portion of financing (excluding interest)

   1,556,370    79,072 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total long term financing

  Ps. 29,347,278   U.S.$1,491,002 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(5)

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, PEMEX used the following exchange rates to translate the outstanding balances in foreign currencies to pesos in the statement of financial position:

   2020   2019 

U.S. dollar

  Ps. 19.9487   Ps. 18.8452 

Japanese yen

   0.1933    0.1734 

Pounds sterling

   27.2579    24.9586 

Euro

   24.4052    21.1537 

Swiss francs

   22.5720    19.4596 

NOTE 17.

LEASES

PEMEX leases plants, transportation and storage equipment, port facilities, buildings and land. Leases generally run for a period of 1 to 20 years, in some cases with an option to renew the lease after that date. Some lease payments are renegotiated every five years to reflect that the rent payments are market compliant. Some of the leases provide for additional rental payments that are based on changes in local price indexes. For certain leases, PEMEX has restrictions to enter into a sublease agreement.

   2018   2017 

U.S. dollar

  Ps. 19.6829   Ps. 19.7867 

Japanese yen

   0.1793    0.1757 

Pounds sterling

   25.0878    26.7724 

Euro

   22.5054    23.7549 

Swiss francs

   19.9762    20.2992 

Canadian dollar

   14.4138    15.7858 

Australian dollar

   13.8617    15.4752 
Plants, transport and storage equipment, port facilities, buildings and land leases were entered into in previous years as service, transportation and building leases.

NOTE 19. PEMEX has rights of use assets for equipment whose contractual terms are from one to three years. These leases are short-term and / or low-value item leases. PEMEX has decided not to recognize the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for these leases.

Lease information where PEMEX is a lessee is presented as follows:

i.

Rights of use assets are as follow:

   Rights of use assets 
   Transportation and
storage equipment
  Plants  Drilling
equipment (1)
  Rights of use  Port facilities  Buildings  Lands  Total 

Balance as of January 1, 2019

  U.S. $40,029,595   24,099,662   6,223,655   1,922,291   371,348   75,771   38,258   72,760,580 

Depreciation of the year

   (5,377,668  (1,854,894  (162,153  (86,342  (33,949  (16,015  (3,028  (7,534,049

Additions

   895,291   3,448,691   —     —     1,286,054   5,456   —     5,635,492 

Currency translation effect

   (43,709  —     —     —     —     —     —     (43,709
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2019

   35,503,509   25,693,459   6,061,502   1,835,949   1,623,453   65,212   35,230   70,818,314 

Depreciation of the year

   (4,868,961  (1,869,775  (122,874  (84,399  355,505   (17,567  (2,951  (6,611,022

Cancellations

   (5,476,350  —     —     —     —     —     —     (5,476,350

Additions

   97,891   —     —     —     438,951   —     579   537,421 

Currency translation effect

   12,292   —     —     —     —     1,116   511   13,919 

Impairment

   —     —     —     (87,025  —     —     —     (87,025
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2020

   25,268,381   23,823,684   5,938,628   1,664,525   2,417,909   48,761   33,369   59,195,257 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Estimated useful life

   1 to 10 years   14 years   10 years   23 years   20 years   1to 5 years   5 years  

(1)

Note 13-F.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

ii.

Leases liabilities are as follows:

   2020   2019 

Lease liabilities recognized at January 1, 2020

  Ps.68,148,627    70,651,797 

Additions

   625,410    5,683,676 

Cancellations

   (6,578,337   —   

Payments of principal

   (7,979,972   (10,709,421

Accrued interest

   5,398,964    4,800,153 

Interests paid

   (2,030,829   —   

Foreign exchange

   5,600,265    (2,277,578
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Lease liabilities at December 31, 2020

  Ps. 63,184,128    68,148,627 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The obligation recognized as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, amounted to Ps. 63,184,128 and Ps. 68,148,627, of which Ps. 8,106,937 and Ps. 5,847,085 were recognized in current liabilities and Ps. 55,077,191 and Ps. 62,301,542 in non-current liabilities, respectively.

iii.

Amounts recognized in the statement of comprehensive Income

   Total 
  2020   2019 

Depreciation of rights of use

  Ps. 7,229,231    7,429,275 

Interests from lease liabilities

   5,784,476    5,360,072 

Expenses related to short-term leases

   7,631    58,701 

iv.

Amounts recognized in the statement of cash flows

   Total 
  2020   2019 

Lease payments (principal and interests)

  Ps. (10,010,801   (10,709,421

NOTE 18.

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

PEMEX faces market risk caused by the volatility of hydrocarbon prices, exchange rates and interest rates, credit risk associated with investments and financial derivatives, as well as liquidity risk. In order to monitor and manage these risks, PEMEX has approved general provisions relating to financial risk management, which are comprised of policies and guidelines that promote an integrated framework for risk management, regulate the use of DFIs, and guide the development of risk mitigation strategies.

This regulatory framework establishes that DFIs should be used only for the purpose of mitigating financial risk. The use of DFIs for any other purpose must be approved in accordance with PEMEX’s current internal regulation. PEMEX has a Financial Risk Working Group (FRWG) which is a specialized working group with decision-making authority on financial risk exposure, financial risk mitigation schemes, and DFIs trading of Petróleos Mexicanos, the subsidiary entities, and where applicable, the subsidiary companies.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Approved DFIs are mainly traded on the OTC (Over the Counter) market; however, exchange traded instruments may also be used. In the case of PMI Trading, DFIs are traded onCME-ClearPort.CME-Clearport.

The different types of DFIs that PEMEX trades are described below in the subsections corresponding to each risk type and as related to the applicable trading markets.

One of PEMEX’s policies is to contribute to minimizing the impact that unfavorable changes in financial risk factors have on its financial results by promoting an adequate balance between incoming cash flows from operations and outgoing cash flows related to its liabilities.

As part of the regulatory framework for financial risk management, PEMEX has established the eligible counterparties with which it may trade DFIs and other financial instruments.

In addition, certain PMI companiesSubsidiaries have implemented a regulatory framework for risk management with respect to its activities, which consists of policies, guidelines and procedures to manage the market risk associated with its commodity trading activities in accordance with industry best practices, such as: 1) the use of DFIs for financial risk mitigation purposes; 2) the segregation of duties; 3) valuation and monitoring mechanisms, such as the generation of a daily portfolio risk report, value at risk (“VaR”) computation; and 4) VaR limits, both at a global and business unit level and the implementation of stop loss mechanisms. In addition, PMI Trading also has its own risk management subcommittee which supervises the trading of DFIs.

Given that PEMEX’s outstanding DFIs have been entered into for risk mitigation purposes, particularly with economic hedging purposes, there is no need to establish and monitor market risk limits.

For those portfolios with an open market risk exposure, PEMEX’s financial risk management regulatory framework establishes the implementation and monitoring of market risk metrics and limits such(such as VaR, and capital at risk (an aggregation of fair value ormark-to-market (“MtM”) and profit and loss (“P&L”), or “CaR”)among others).

PEMEX has also established credit guidelines for DFIs that Pemex Industrial Transformation offers to its domestic customers, which include the use of guarantees and credit lines. For exchange traded DFIs, PEMEX trades under the margin requirements of the corresponding exchange market, and therefore does not have internal policies for these DFIs.

DFIs held with financial counterparties do not require collateral exchange clauses. Notwithstanding, PEMEX’s regulatory framework promotes credit risk mitigation strategies such as collateral exchange.

PEMEX does not have an independent third party to verify compliance with these internal standards; however, PEMEX has internal control procedures that certify compliance with existing policies and guidelines.

 

A.

Risk Management

 

 I.

Market Risk

 

 i.

Interest rate risk

PEMEX is exposed to fluctuations in floating interest rate liabilities. PEMEX is exposed to U.S. dollar LIBOR and to Mexican peso TIIE. As of December 31, 2018,2020, approximately 15.3%14.3% of PEMEX’s total net debt outstanding (including DFIs) consisted of floating rate debt.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Occasionally, for strategic reasons or in order to offset the expected inflows and outflows, PEMEX has entered into interest rate swaps. Under its interest rateswaps and options. Through the swap agreements, PEMEX acquires the obligation to make payments based on a fixed interest rate and is entitledin exchange for receiving payments referenced to receivea floating interest rate payments based on LIBOR, TIIE or a rate referenced to or calculated from TIIE.rate. On the other hand, under the option agreements, PEMEX acquires protection against possible raises in the floating interest rates of some of its liabilities.

As of December 31, 2018, PEMEX2020, Petróleos Mexicanos was a party to four interest rate swap agreements denominated in U.S. dollars for an aggregate notional amount of U.S. $1,401,250$956,250 at a weighted average fixed interest rate of 2.35% and a weighted average term of 6.294.3 years.

Similarly, in order to eliminate the volatility associated with variable interest rates of long-term financing operations, PMI NASA has also executed four interest rate swap agreements denominated in U.S. dollars for an aggregate notional amount of U.S. $56,692,$24,190, at a weighted average fixed interest rate of 4.17% and a weighted average term of 3.411.41 years.

Moreover, PEMEX invests in pesos and U.S. dollars in compliance with applicable internal regulations, through portfolios that have different purposes that seek an adequate return subject to risk parameters that reduce the probability of capital losses. The objective of the investments made through these portfolios is to meet PEMEX’s obligations payable in pesos and U.S. dollars.

The investments made through PEMEX’s portfolios are exposed to domestic and international interest rate risk and credit spread risk derived from government and corporate securities, and inflation risk arising from the relationship between UDIs and pesos. However, these risks are mitigated by established limits on exposure to market risk.

IBOR reference rates transition

As a result of the decision made by the Financial Stability Board (FSB), the Interbank Offered Rates (IBORs), such as the LIBOR in dollars, will cease to be published in 2022, and are expected to be replaced by alternative reference rates, based on risk-free rates obtained from market operations.

The discontinuation of the publication of these rates was scheduled for December 2021, nevertheless, on November 2020 the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited (known as “ICE”) announced an extension until June 2023 for the publication of the most common LIBOR rates in dollars.

Therefore, PEMEX has identified and is reviewing contracts expiring after the applicable cessation dates, which could have an impact derived from the change in the aforementioned rates. PEMEX will continue working on amendments to any contracts which may be required as a result of the transition.

PEMEX has a reduced number of financial instruments referenced to floating rates in U.S. dollars with maturity and interest rate fixation after June 2023. This portfolio is composed of debt instruments and DFIs as shown below:

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Notional Amounts

(in thousands of each Currency)

U.S. $

Debt

(3,972,777

DFIs

Interest Rate Swaps

400,000

Interest Rate Options

(2,500,000

figures not audited

To the date, PEMEX is monitoring the evolution of the IBORs transition in the market, to anticipate any negative impact that these changes could have.

Once the alternative reference rates are defined, as well as the new discount curves and any other valuation parameters, PEMEX will be able to estimate the impact that such changes will have on financial instruments’ market value and financial cost.

 

 ii.

Exchange rate risk

Most of PEMEX’s revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars, a significant amount of which is derived from exports of crude oil and petroleum products, which are priced and payable in U.S. dollars. Additionally, PEMEX’s revenues from domestic sales of gasoline and diesel net of IEPS Tax, tax duties, incentives, and other related taxes, as well as domestic sales of natural gas and its byproducts, LPG and petrochemicals, are referenced to international U.S. dollar-denominated prices.

PEMEX’s expenses related to hydrocarbon duties are calculated based on international U.S. dollar-denominated prices and the cost of hydrocarbon imports that PEMEX acquires for resale in Mexico or use in its facilities are indexed to international U.S. dollar-denominated prices. By contrast, PEMEX’s capital expenditure and operating expenses are established in pesos.

As a result of this cash flow structure, the depreciation of the peso against the U.S. dollar increases PEMEX’s financial balance. The appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar has the opposite effect. PEMEX manages this risk without the need for hedging instruments, because the impact on PEMEX’s revenues of fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the peso is offset in whole or in part by its impact on its obligations.

Therefore, PEMEX prioritizes debt issuances denominated in U.S. dollars; nonetheless, this is not always achievable, hencenon-U.S. dollar denominated debt issued in international currencies is hedged through DFIs to mitigate their exchange rate exposure, either by swapping themit into U.S. dollars or through other derivative structures. The rest of the debt is denominated in pesos or in UDIs, and for which most of the debt denominated in UDIs, it has been converted into pesos through DFIs in order to eliminate the inflationary risk exposure.

As a consequence of the above, PEMEX’s debt issued in international currencies other than U.S. dollars has exchange rate risk mitigation strategies. PEMEX has selected strategies that further seek to reduce its cost of funding by leaving, in some cases, part of this exchange rate exposure unhedged when assessed as appropriate.

The underlying currencies of PEMEX’s DFIs are the euro, Swiss franc, Japanese yen and Poundpounds sterling against the U.S. dollar and UDIs against the peso.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

As of December 31, 2018,2020, PEMEX entereddid not enter into variousany DFIs, since no debt in currencies other than U.S. dollars or pesos was issued.

Nonetheless, during 2020, PEMEX carried out the restructure three cross-currency swaps, to hedge inflation risk arising fromone of which had a recouponing provision. These DFIs hedged the exchange rate exposure of a €1,250,000 debt obligations denominatedwith maturity in UDIs for an aggregate notional amount of Ps. 6,844,866 and during 2017, PEMEX entered into the same kind of instruments to hedge inflation risk arising from debt denominated in UDIs, for an aggregate notional amount of Ps. 6,291,969.

Additionally, in 2018,2027. For this restructuring PEMEX entered into, without cost, structures which are composed of a cross-currency swap and the sale of a call option, in order to hedge the notional risk of four debt issues in euros for an aggregate notional amount of € 3,150,000, and an issue of debt in swiss francs for Fr. 365,000, guaranteeing complete protection up to a certain exchange rate and partial protection above that level. This allowed PEMEX to eliminate the recouponing provision without cost. Once this restructure had been carried out, 10% of this debt remains hedged with a cross-currency swap.

Moreover,Additionally, during 2019 PEMEX restructured a cross-currency swap which had a recouponing provision. This DFI hedged the exchange rate exposure of a €725,000 debt with maturity in 20172025. For this restructure PEMEX entered into, without cost, three options structures called “Seagull Option”Options” to hedge the same notional risk of three debt issues in euros for an aggregate notional amount of € 4,250,000.as the original swap. These structures protect the short exposure in euros against an appreciation of the euro versus the U.S. dollar in a specific range and result in a benefit if the euro depreciates up to a certain exchange rate, for each debt issue. Whereas,rate. In addition, in order to mitigate the exchange rate risk caused byderived from the coupons, of these issues PEMEX entered into only coupon swaps.

Additionally, in 2017, PEMEX entered into,swaps for the same notional amount. These eliminated the recouponing provision without cost, a structure which is composed of a cross-currency swap and the sale of a call option, in order to hedge the notional risk of a debt issue in Pounds sterling for £ 450,000, guaranteeing complete protection up to a certain exchange rate and partial protection above that level.cost.

PEMEX recorded a total net foreign exchange (loss) gain (loss) of Ps. 23,659,480,(128,949,304), Ps. 23,184,12286,930,388 and Ps. (254,012,743),23,659,480, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively; these amounts include the unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) associated with debt of Ps. 19,762,208,122,099,058, Ps. 16,685,43975,967,395 and Ps. (243,182,764)19,762,208 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017respectively. Unrealized foreign exchange gains and 2016, respectively.losses do not impact PEMEX’s cash flows. The appreciationdepreciation of the peso during 2018 and 20172020 caused a total net foreign exchange gainloss because a significant part of PEMEX’s debt, 89.77%88.64% (principal only) as of December 31, 20182020 is denominated in foreign currency. Unrealized foreign exchange gainslosses and lossesgains do not impact PEMEX’s cash flows. Due to the cash flow structure described above, the depreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar does not affect PEMEX’s ability to meet U.S. dollar-denominated financial obligations and improves PEMEX’s ability to meetpeso-denominated financial obligations. On the other hand, the appreciation of the peso relative to the U.S. dollar may increase PEMEX’s peso debt service costs on a U.S. dollar basis. PEMEX’s foreign exchange gain in 2018 was due to the appreciation of the peso, from Ps. 19.7867 = U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2017 to Ps. 19.6829 = U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2018. PEMEX’s foreign exchange gain in 2017 was due to the appreciation of the peso, from Ps. 20.6640 = U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2016 to Ps. 19.7867 = U.S. $1.00

on December 31, 2017. PEMEX’s foreign exchange loss in 2016 was due to the depreciation of the peso, from Ps. 17.2065 = U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2015 to Ps. 20.6640 = U.S. $1.00 on December 31, 2016.

Certain of the PMI companiesSubsidiaries face market risks generated by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. In order to mitigate these risks, the boards of directors of several of these companies have authorized a policy which stipulates that no more than 5% of a company’s total financial assets maymust be denominated in a currency other than its functional currency, unless the company owes a duty or expected payment in a currency other than its functional one. Accordingly, some PMI companies will, from time to time, enter into DFIs in order to mitigate the risk associated with financing operations denominated in currencies other than their respective functional currency.

Finally, a significant amount of PMI Trading’s income and expenses, including the cost of sales and related sales costs, is derived from the trade of refined products, petrochemicals and gas liquids to PEMEX subsidiaries and third parties, whose prices are determined and are payable in U.S. dollars. PMI Trading’s exposure to foreign currency risk results primarily from the need to fund tax payments denominated in domestic currency, as well as from certain related sales costs denominated in domestic currency.

PMI Trading believes it can adequately manage the risk created by the payment of taxes in domestic currency without the need to enter into hedging instruments because the exposure to this risk is marginal relative to the total flows of U.S. dollar. In addition, in the event that a potential foreign exchange risk arises in connection with a commercial transaction, PMI Trading may implement risk mitigation measures by entering into DFIs.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

 iii.

Hydrocarbon Price Risk

PEMEX periodically assesses its revenues and expenditures structure in order to identify the main market risk factors that PEMEX’s cash flows are exposed to in connection with international hydrocarbon prices. Based on this assessment, PEMEX monitors its exposure to the most significant risk factors and quantifies their impact on PEMEX’s financial balance.

PEMEX’s exports and domestic sales are directly or indirectly related to international hydrocarbon prices. Therefore, PEMEX is exposed to fluctuations in these prices. In terms of crude oil and natural gas, part of this risk is transferred to the Mexican Government under PEMEX’s current fiscal regime.

PEMEX’s exposure to hydrocarbon prices is partly mitigated by natural hedges between its inflows and outflows.

Additionally, PEMEX continuously evaluates the implementation of risk mitigation strategies, including those involving the use of DFIs, considering thetaking into consideration their operative and budgetary feasibility of those strategies.feasibility.

In 2017, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos approved the establishment of an Annual Oil Hedging Program. Since then, PEMEX has implemented hedging strategies to partially protect its cash flows from dropsfalls in the Mexican crude oil basket price below the one established in the Federal Revenue Law.

In April 2017,During 2018, PEMEX entered into a crude oil hedge for fiscal year 2017, in which PEMEX hedged 409 thousand barrels per day from May to December of fiscal year 2017, for U.S. $133,503. Afterwards, during the second half of 2017, PEMEX entered into a crude oil hedge for fiscal year 2018, in which PEMEX hedged 440 thousand barrels per day from January to December of fiscal year 2018, for U.S. $449,898.

During 2018, the crude oil hedge for fiscal year 2019, was implemented, pursuant to which PEMEX hedged 320 thousand barrels per day for the period between December 2018 and December 2019, for U.S. $149,588.

Afterwards, during 2019 PEMEX entered into a crude oil hedge for fiscal year 2020, pursuant to which PEMEX hedged 243 thousand barrels per day for the period between December 2019 and December 2020, for U.S. $178,268.

Finally, during 2020 PEMEX entered into a crude oil hedge for fiscal year 2021, pursuant to which PEMEX hedged 332.5 thousand barrels per day for the period between December 2020 and June 2021, for U.S. $119,920.

In addition to supplying natural gas, Pemex Industrial Transformation offerscan offer DFIs to its domestic customers in order to provide them with support to mitigate the risk associated with the volatility of natural gas prices. Until 2016, Pemex Industrial Transformation entered into DFIs with Mex Gas Supply, S.L. under the opposite position

Since 2017, when this service began to those DFIsbe offered, to its customers in order to mitigate the market risk it bears under such offered DFIs. Mex Gas Supply, S.L. then transfered the related price risk derived from the DFI position held with Pemex Industrial Transformation to international financial counterparties by entering into these opposite position DFIs with such parties. As of 2017, Pemex Industrial Transformation must enter into DFIs with Petróleos Mexicanos under the opposite position to those DFIs offered to its customers thereby replacing Mex Gas Supply, S.L. However, asin order to mitigate the market risk it would bear under such offered DFIs. Petróleos Mexicanos then transfers the related price risk derived from the DFI position held with Pemex Industrial Transformation to financial counterparties by entering into the opposite position of such DFI with the counterparty. As of December 31, 2018,2020, there were no DFI had been carried out under this mechanism.

Due toDFIs since all the above,DFIs in its portfolio expired in 2019. In the event that Pemex Industrial Transformation maintains a negligible or even null exposure to market risk. These portfolios haveenters into new trades, its DFI portfolio has VaR and CaR limits in order to limit market risk exposure.

PMI Trading faces market risk generated by the terms of the purchase and sale of refined products and natural gas liquids, as well as the volatility of oil prices. Accordingly, it frequently enters into DFIs in order to mitigate this risk, thereby reducing the volatility of its financial results.

In accordance with the risk management regulatory framework that PMI Trading has implemented, VaR and the change in profit and loss by portfolio are calculated daily and compared to the maximum applicable limits in order to implement risk mitigation mechanisms as necessary.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

 iv.

Market risk quantification

The quantification of market risk exposure in PEMEX’s financial instruments is presented below, in accordance with the applicable international risk management practices.

Interest rate risk quantification

The quantification of interest rate risk of investment portfolios is carried out by using theone-day horizon historical VaR, with a confidence level of 95%, over a period of one year. The VaR incorporates interest rate and spread risks. In addition, for portfolios in domestic currency, the VaR includes the inflation risk embedded in securities denominated in UDI. For portfolio management purposes, interest rate risk is mitigated by VaR limits.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, the VaRs of PEMEX’s investment portfolios were Ps. (17.19)(7.81) for the Peso Treasury Portfolio, Ps. 0.00 for the Fondo Laboral Pemex Portfolio (“FOLAPE”),FOLAPE, and U.S. $ 0.00$0.00 for the U.S. Dollar Treasury Portfolio. The Fideicomiso de Cobertura Laboral y de Vivienda Portfolio (“FICOLAVI”) and

Additionally, PEMEX has a portfolio of Mexican Government bonds. These securities are classified for accounting purposes as restricted assets. These securities are considered not to be exposed to market risk, unlike the Mexican Peso Treasury Portfolio managed by Operadora de Fondos Nafinsa S.A. de C.V. (“OFINSA”) were written off in 2018.investment portfolios’ securities. Therefore, there is no need to calculate a VaR.

In addition to the exposure to interest rate fluctuations of the DFIs in which PEMEX is obligated to paymake payments referenced to floating rates, PEMEX’s DFIs are exposed to MtMmark-to-market (“MtM”) volatility as a result of changes in the interest rate curves used in their valuation.

Interest rate risk quantification was calculated for DFIs in conjunction with the interest rate risk quantification for the debt portfolio. The following table shows the sensitivity of PEMEX’s DFIs and debt portfolio to a parallel shift of 10 basis points (bp) over the zero coupon rate curves. The 10bp parallel shift may be used to estimate in a simple manner the impact for proportional values to this shift and was selected in accordance with market practices for financial risk management.

For the debt portfolio, interest rate risk sensitivity was calculated taking into account both the DFI interbank market yield curves and the PEMEX curves (which were also used to estimate the debt portfolios’ fair value). These metrics were calculated solely for informational purposes and are not used for portfolio management purposes because PEMEX does not intend to prepay its debt or terminate its DFIs early. Therefore, there is no interest rate risk arising from fixed rate obligations.

INTEREST RATE and CURRENCY DFIs

Interest rate sensitivity to + 10 bp

         
   Interbank Yield Curves       PEMEX Curves 
   Sensitivity   Sensitivity   Sensitivity   Sensitivity 

Currency

  debt   DFIs   net   debt 
in thousands U.S. dollars 

CHF

   3,816    (3,473   343    3,340 

Euro

   103,859    (85,825   18,034    73,784 

Pound Sterling

   5,871    (5,445   426    4,598 

Yen

   7,600    (3,470   4,130    5,518 

Peso

   24,783    1,693    26,476    19,808 

UDI

   14,032    (14,032   0    9,803 

U.S. dollar

   779,844    93,006    872,850    333,180 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

INTEREST RATE and CURRENCY DFIs

Interest rate sensitivity to + 10 bp

        
   Interbank Yield Curves   PEMEX Curves 

Currency

  Sensitivity
debt
   Sensitivity
DFIs
   Sensitivity
net
   Sensitivity
debt
 

CHF

   1,472    (1,318   154    1,352 

Euro

   75,107    (59,653   15,454    56,790 

Pound Sterling

   4,123    (3,845   278    3,469 

Yen

   5,478    (2,202   3,276    4,314 

Peso

   32,446    731    33,177    25,855 

UDI

   12,935    (12,935   0    7,093 

U.S. dollar

   1,425,168    198,150    1,623,318    482,311 
       Figures not audited 

In addition, PEMEX performed a retrospective sensitivity analysis of the impact on its financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, in which PEMEX assumed either an increase or decrease of 25 basis points in the floating interest rates of its debt and corresponding hedges.

At December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, had market interest rates been 25 basis points higher, with all other variables remaining constant, net loss for the year would have been Ps. 649,339,606,839, Ps. 704,011644,506 and Ps. 841,024649,339 higher for December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively, primarily as a result of an increase in interest expense. Conversely, had market interest rates been 25 basis points lower, net loss for the year would have been Ps. 649,339,606,839, Ps. 704,011644,506 and Ps. 841,024649,339 lower at December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, respectively, primarily as a result of a decrease in interest expense.

Exchange rate risk quantification

The investments of PEMEX’s portfolios do not face foreign exchange rate risk because the funds of such portfolios are used to meet obligations in pesos and U.S. dollars.

Currency DFIs are entered into in order to hedge exchange rate risk arising from debt flows in currencies other than pesos and U.S. dollars or inflation risk arising from debt flows in UDIs. However, due to the accounting treatment, net income is exposed tomark-to-market MtM volatility, mainly as a result of changes in the exchange rates used in their valuation.

Exchange rate risk quantification was calculated for DFIs in conjunction with the exchange rate risk quantification for the debt portfolio. The following table shows the sensitivity of PEMEX’s DFIs and debt portfolio to an increase of 1% to the exchange rates of currencies against the U.S. dollar. The 1% may be used to estimate in a simple manner the impact for proportional values to this increase and was selected in accordance with market practices for financial risk management.

For the debt portfolio, exchange rate risk sensitivity was calculated taking into account both, interbank market yield curves and the PEMEX curves. In addition, the table shows theone-day horizon historical VaR of the remaining open position, with a confidence level of 95%, over a period of one year. These metrics were calculated solely for informational purposes. Nevertheless, in order to carry out management activities related to its debt portfolio, PEMEX periodically conducts quantitative analyses in order to estimate the exchange rate risk exposure generated by its debt issuances. Based on these analyses, PEMEX has elected to enter into DFIs as an exchange rate risk mitigation strategy. These DFIs along with the debt that they hedge are shown in the following table:

Petróleos Mexicanos

INTEREST RATE and CURRENCY DFIs

 

 
   Interbank Yield Curves     PEMEX Curves 
   1%  1%  1%  VaR 95%  1% 

Currency

  Debt  DFIs  Net  Net  Debt 
in thousands U.S. dollars                

CHF

   (15,283  14,597   (686  (463  (14,183

Euro

   (214,136  185,752   (28,384  (25,365  (173,687

Pound Sterling

   (12,318  11,701   (617  (527  (10,292

Yen

   (17,118  11,569   (5,549  (4,482  (14,158

Peso

   (104,478  (32,064  (136,542  (164,722  (95,975

UDI

   (30,163  30,163   (0  (0  (25,951

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

INTEREST RATE and CURRENCY DFIs

Exchange rate sensitivity +1% and VaR 95%

      
   Interbank Yield Curves  PEMEX Curves 

Currency

  Sensitivity
Debt
  Sensitivity
DFIs
  Sensitivity
Net
  VaR 95%
Net
  Sensitivity
Debt
 

CHF

   (6,206  6,168   (38  (29  (5,840

Euro

   (195,594  133,604   (61,990  (47,729  (165,822

Pound Sterling

   (12,857  12,804   (54  (53  (11,535

Yen

   (11,453  3,123   (8,330  (6,304  (9,423

Peso

   (138,257  (18,326  (156,583  (247,424  (121,302

UDI

   (21,795  21,795   (0  (0  (15,376

Figures not audited

 

As shown in the table above, exchange rate risk derived from debt denominated in currencies other than pesos and U.S. dollars is almost fully hedged by DFIs. The exchange rate risk exposure to the Swiss franc, euro, Poundpound sterling and Japanese yen is a result of the delta of the structures described above (Seagull Options and Calls), and considering the current exchange rate levels, represents a lower funding cost than the hedging strategies carried out through swaps.

In addition, PEMEX performed a retrospective sensitivity analysis of the impact on its financial statements of the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, in which PEMEX assumed either an increase or decrease of 10% in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and peso in order to determine the impact on net income and equity as a result of applying these new rates to the monthly balances of assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars.

At December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, had the peso depreciated against the U.S. dollar by 10% with other variables remaining constant, net lossincome would have been Ps. 168,334, Ps.180,408 and Ps.192,025 Ps. 149,669 and Ps. 124,512 higher,lower, respectively, primarily as a result of an increase in the exchange rate losses. However, had the peso appreciated against the U.S. dollar by 10%, net lossincome for the period would have decreasedincreased by Ps. 192,025, Ps. 149,669168,334, Ps.180,408 and Ps. 124,512,192,025, respectively, primarily as a result of the decrease in exchange rate losses.

Hydrocarbon price risk quantification

Pemex Industrial Transformation occasionally faces market risk due to open positions arising from the mismatch between the DFI portfolio offered to domestic customers and hedges with international counterparties. As of December 31, 2018,2020, Pemex Industrial Transformation’s natural gas DFI portfolioportfolios had no market risk exposure.exposure, as all the DFIs in its portfolios expired in 2019.

MarketOpen market risk exposure iswould be measured using the20-day Delta-Gamma VaR methodology, with a confidence level of 95%, based on 500 daily observations; VaR and CaR arewould be monitored and mitigated bypre-established limits.

It should be noted that sensitivity analyses were not carried out for other financial instruments, such as accounts receivable and payable (as defined in the financial reporting standards). Such accounts are cleared in short-term, and therefore market risk is considered to be nonexistent. Most of these accounts are related to hydrocarbon prices.

In accordance with the risk management regulatory framework that PMI Trading has implemented, VaR and the change in profit and loss by portfolio are calculated daily and compared to the maximum applicable limits in order to implement risk mitigation mechanisms as necessary.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

PMI Trading’s global VaR associated with commodities market risk was U.S. $(8,687)$(17,102) as of December 31, 2018.2020. This VaR was calculated using the historical method with a 99% confidence level,two-year history and aone-day horizon. The minimum VaR recorded on the year was U.S. $(2,903)$(7,055) (registered on June 11, 2018)November 12, 2020) and the maximum VaR recorded on the year was U.S. $(26,533)$(28,196) (registered on SeptemberAugust 21, 2018)2020). As of December 31, 2017,2019, the global VaR was U.S. $(8,789)$(15,016).

The quantification of crude oil price risk is carried out by using theone-day horizon historical VaR, with a confidence level of 95%, over a period of one year. As of December 31, 2018,2020, this was U.S.$ (19,651) $(18,921).

 

 II.

Credit Risk

When the fair value of a DFI is favorable to PEMEX, PEMEX faces the risk that the counterparty will not be able to meet its obligations. PEMEX monitors its counterparties’ creditworthiness and calculates the credit risk exposure for its DFIs. As a risk mitigation strategy, PEMEX only enters into DFIs with major financial institutions with a minimum credit rating ofBBB-. These ratings are issued and revised periodically by risk rating agencies. Furthermore, PEMEX seeks to maintain a diversified portfolio of counterparties.

In order to estimate PEMEX’s credit risk exposure to each financial counterparty, the potential future exposure is calculated by projecting the risk factors used in the valuation of each DFI in order to estimate the MtM value for different periods, taking into account any credit risk mitigation provisions.

Moreover, PEMEX has entered into various long-term cross-currency swaps agreements with “recouponing” provisions (pursuant to which the payments on the swaps are adjusted when the MtM exceeds the relevant threshold specified in the swap), thereby limiting the exposure withto its counterparties to a specific threshold amount.amount, as well as the counterparties’ exposure to PEMEX. The specified thresholds were reached in sevenfive cross-currency swaps from the first to the fourth quarter of 2018,during 2020, which were used to hedge the exchange rate exposure to the euro and to the Poundpounds sterling, and in three cross-currency swaps during 2017,2019, which were used to hedge the exchange rate exposure to the euro.euro and to the pounds sterling. This resulted in the cash settlement of such swaps and the resetting of swap terms to return theirmark-to-market MtM value to zero. During 2018,2020, PEMEX did not enter into any cross-currency swap with these characteristics.

In addition, PEMEX has entered into long-term DFIs with mandatory early termination clauses (pursuant to which, at a given date and irrespective of the current MtM, the DFI will terminate and settle at the corresponding MtM, and PEMEX can either enter into a new DFI with the same counterparty or a new counterparty), which reduces the credit risk generated by the term of the DFI by bounding it to a specific date. As of December 31, 2018,2020, PEMEX has entered into two Japanese yen Seagull Option structures, with early termination clauses in July 2021. PEMEX intends to renew these trades in order to maintain the hedge.

According to IFRS 13 “Fair Value Measurement,” the fair value or MtM value of DFIs must reflect the creditworthiness of the parties. Consequently, the fair value of a DFI takes into account the risk that either party may default on its obligation. Due to the above, PEMEX applies the credit value adjustment (“CVA”) method to calculate the fair value of its DFIs.

For each DFI, the CVA is calculated by determining the difference between the MtM and the estimated MtM adjusted for credit risk. In determining the credit risk, the CVA method takes into account the current market perception about the credit risk of both counterparties, using the following inputs: a) the MtM projection for each payment date based on forward yield curves; b) the implied default probability obtained from both, PEMEX and the counterparty’s credit default swaps, at each payment date; and c) the default recovery rates of each counterparty.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The current and potential exposures, aggregated by credit rating, are as follows:

Maximum Credit Exposure by term in Petróleos Mexicanos

Maximum Credit Exposure by term in Petróleos Mexicanos

 

Rating

  Current  Less than
1 year
   1-3 years   3-5 years   5-7 years   7-10 years   More
than 10
years
 
in thousands U.S. dollars                           

A+

   33,574   327,062    478,533    290,207    189,464    129,778    0 

A

   172,468   1,069,540    1,051,021    933,130    260,363    189,119    0 

A-

   54,288   143,584    9,780    0    0    0    0 

BBB+

   72,570   1,567,608    2,229,081    2,293,010    2,259,894    1,724,213    650,900 

BBB-

   (71,491  33,290    127,099    151,033    156,401    160,631    0 

Rating

  Current  Less than
1 year
   1-3 years   3-5 years   5-7 years   7-10 years   More
than 10
years
 

A+

   159,107   688,392    558,981    306,952    117,716    119,358    —   

A

   18,079   248,971    338,829    301,736    167,414    100,000    —   

A-

   (19,996  365,910    294,322    131,104    122,823    —      —   

BBB+

   397,989   546,936    720,605    613,680    556,650    261,542    174,457 

BBB

   211,862   466,967    767,225    867,931    648,179    438,457    320,565 

BBB-

   (10,213  99,334    178,698    175,904    136,312    139,725    —   
          Figures not audited 

PEMEX also faces credit risk derived from its investments. As of December 31, 2018,2020, all the notional amounts of investmentspositions in domestic currency organized by the credit ratings of the issuances, were as follows:

Credit rating of

issuances*

Notional

amount

mxAAAPs.100,344

*    Minimum S&P, Moody’s and Fitch credit rating.

National Credit Rating Scale.

Does not include investments in Mexican Government bonds.

The table above does not include domestic currency Mexican Government bonds since it is considered that, givenin pesos. Given the current credit rating, the default probability in this currency is zero.zero according to the default’s frequency matrices from rating agencies, therefore no quantification or disclosure of this exposure is made.

Furthermore, by means of its credit guidelines for DFI operations, Pemex Industrial Transformation significantly has significantly reduced its credit risk exposure related to the DFIs offered to its customers to assist them in mitigating the risk associated with the volatility of natural gas prices.DFIs.

In order to qualify for these DFIs, Pemex Industrial Transformation’s customers must be party to a current natural gas supply contract and sign a domestic master derivative agreement.

Additionally, beginning on October 2, 2009,according to the credit guidelines, DFIs with these customers must be initially secured by cash deposits, letters of credit or other collateral provisions, as required. The credit guidelines indicate that Pemex Industrial Transformation may offer DFIs with an exemption from collateral requirements up to certain amounts through a credit line approved by the credit committee, based on an internal financial and credit assessment. Moreover, if the credit line is insufficient to cover each client’s exposure, the client is obligated to deposit collateral.

In accordance with these guidelines, in the event that a client does not meet its payment obligations, DFIs related to this client arewould be terminated, rights to any available collateral arewould be exercised and, if the collateral iswere insufficient to cover the fair value, or in the absence of collateral, natural gas supply is suspended until the payment is made.

On August 20, 2014, certain amendments to the credit guidelines were enacted, which allowedPemex-Gas and Petrochemicals, and now Pemex Industrial Transformation, to offer to its clients with an adequate credit rating, based on an internal financial and credit assessment, DFIs with an exemption from collateral requirements up to certain amount through a credit line approved by the credit committee. Moreover, if the credit line is insufficient to cover each client’s exposure, the client is obligated to deposit collateral. If a client suffers an event of default, DFIs related to this client are terminated early and natural gas supply iswould be suspended until the payment is made.

As of December 31, 2018, Pemex Industrial Transformation’s DFIs had a fair value of Ps. 143 (deferred premiums included) for clients with exempted credit lines and Ps. 134 for clients with guaranteed credit lines. The total amount of exempt credit lines rose to Ps. 21,391, representing 1% usage of available exempt credit lines, while the total amount of guaranteed credit lines rose to Ps. 1,000 representing a 13% usage of available guaranteed credit lines.

As of December 31, 2018, the overdue accounts of natural gas customers in the industrial and distribution sectors accounted for less than 1% of the total sales of Pemex Industrial Transformation.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, Pemex Industrial Transformation had openno DFIs with two customers. Ofsince all the DFIs of its portfolios expired in 2019. As such, once the total volume (in millions of British thermal units or MMBtu) of DFIs, industrial customers represented 100%.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, Pemex Industrial Transformation had not provided any collateral for DFIs entered into to hedge its DFIs with customers. This was due to the following: (i) natural gas prices maintained levels below the strike price, which has kept the credit limits within the set limits; and (ii) when certain DFIs matured,Pemex-Gas and Basic Petrochemicals, and now Pemex Industrial Transformation, had used domestic customers’ payments to meet its international obligations.

It is not considered necessary to disclose the potential future exposuresettlement of the DFIs’ portfolio held by Pemex Industrial Transformation through Mex Gas Supply S.L., due tooperations was carried out, the fact that these instruments are collateralized, the current notional amount does not represent a significant amountexempt credit lines expired and the maturity is less than one year.guarantees deposited by the clients were entirely returned.

PMI Trading’s credit risk associated with DFI transactions is mitigated through the use of futures and standardized instruments that are cleared throughCME-Clearport.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

 III.

Liquidity Risk

PEMEX’s main internal source of liquidity comes from its operations. Additionally, through its debt planning and the purchase and sale of U.S. dollars, PEMEX currently preserves a cash balance at a level of liquidity in domestic currency and U.S. dollars that is considered adequate to cover its investment and operating expenses, as well as other payment obligations, such as those related to DFIs.

In addition, as of December 31, 2018,2020, PEMEX has acquired committed revolving credit lines in order to mitigate liquidity risk, threetwo of which provide access to Ps. 3,500,000, Ps. 20,000,00028,000,000 and Ps. 9,000,000 with expiration dates in June 2019, November 20192022 and November 2023, respectively; and three others that each provideanother revolving credit line provides access to U.S. $1,500,000, U.S. $3,250,000 and U.S. $1,950,000$5,500,000 with expiration datesdate in December 2019, February 2020 and January 2021, respectively.June 2024.

Finally, the investment strategies of PEMEX’s portfolios are structured by selecting time horizons that consider each currency’s cash flow requirements in order to preserve liquidity.

Certain PMI companiesSubsidiaries mitigate their liquidity risk through several mechanisms, the most important of which is the centralized treasury, or“in-house bank,” which provides access to atwo syndicated credit linelines for up to U.S. $ 700,000$700,000 and U.S. $1,500,000 (this last credit line was transferred from Petróleos Mexicanos to PMI during December 2020) and cash surplus capacity in the custody of the centralized structure. In addition, certain PMI companiesSubsidiaries have access to bilateral credit lines from financial institutions for up to U.S. $500,000.$250,000.

These companies monitor their cash flow on a daily basis and protect their creditworthiness in the financial markets. Liquidity risk is mitigated by monitoring the maximum/minimum permissiblecertain financial ratios as set forth in the policies approved by each company’s board of directors.

The following tables show the cash flow maturities as well as the fair value of PEMEX’s debt and DFI portfolios as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019. It should be noted that:

 

For debt obligations, these tables present principal cash flow and the weighted average interest rates for fixed rate debt.

 

For interest rate swaps, cross currencyinterest rate options, cross-currency swaps currency options and currency forwards,options, these tables present notional amounts and weighted average interest rates by expected (contractual) maturity dates.

 

Weighted average variable rates are based on implied forward rates obtained from the interbank market yield curve at the reporting date.

 

For natural gas DFIs, volumes are presented in millions of British thermal unit (MMBtu), and fixed average and strike prices are presented in U.S. dollars per MMBtu.

For crude oil, volumes are presented in millions of barrels, and fixed average and strike prices are presented in U.S. dollars per barrel.

 

A DFI’s fair value includes CVA and is calculated based on market quotes obtained from market sources such as Bloomberg. Forward curves and implied volatilities for natural gas and crude oil are supplied by Bloomberg.

DFIs’ fair value includes CVA and is calculated based on market quotes obtained from market sources such as Bloomberg and Proveedor Integral de Precios, S.A. de C.V. (“PIP”).

 

For PMI Trading, the prices used in commercial transactions and DFIs are published by reputable sources that are widely used in international markets, such asCME-NYMEX, Platts and Argus, among others.

 

Fair value is calculated internally, either by discounting cash flows with the correspondingzero-coupon yield curve in the original currency, or through other standard methodologies commonly used in financial markets for specific instruments.

 

For all instruments, the tables are based on the contract terms in order to determine the future cash flows that are categorized by expected maturity dates.

This information is presented

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, of pesos, except as noted.noted)

Quantitative Disclosure of Debt Cash Flow’sFlow Maturities as of December 31, 20182020(1)

 

 Year of expected maturity date  Year of expected maturity date   
 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
thereafter
 Total carrying
value
 Fair
value
  2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Thereafter Total
Carrying Value
 Fair Value 

Liabilities

                

Outstanding debt

                

Fixed rate (U.S. dollars)

  Ps.    53,962,520   Ps.    40,098,959   Ps.    94,686,304   Ps.    83,674,076   Ps.    91,790,092   Ps.    827,719,134   Ps. 1,191,931,085   Ps. 1,084,252,622  Ps.47,898,708  Ps.32,956,060  Ps.48,471,704  Ps.25,996,376  Ps.49,333,976  Ps.1,116,179,110  Ps.1,320,835,934  Ps.1,347,156,276 

Average interest rate (%)

       5.8927         6.37 

Fixed rate (Japanese yen)

  —     —     —     —    5,379,000  14,317,126  19,696,126  16,603,524   —     —     5,799,000   —     —     15,444,790   21,243,790   18,797,463 

Average interest rate (%)

       1.3484         1.35 

Fixed rate (Pound sterling)

  —     —     —    8,763,410   —    11,205,575  19,968,985  20,257,139 

Fixed rate (pounds sterling)

  —     9,537,663   —     —     12,204,125   —     21,741,788   23,010,709 

Average interest rate (%)

       5.7248         5.72 

Fixed rate (pesos)

  —    10,017,084  20,257,747  1,999,192   —    88,324,131  120,598,154  101,639,764   115,284,491   1,999,401   —     57,433,886   —     31,029,696   205,747,474   199,047,983 

Average interest rate (%)

       7.4872         7.91 

Fixed rate (UDIs)

 19,386,459  4,999,710  4,066,182   —     —    31,275,418  59,727,769  51,079,974   4,314,460   —     —     —     —     33,031,555   37,346,014   30,673,537 

Average interest rate (%)

       2.7362         4.03 

Fixed rate (euros)

 21,466,509  29,215,492  39,343,306  35,884,701  31,437,421  173,348,554  330,695,983  325,772,611   42,716,224   38,987,905   34,137,539   30,418,586   40,230,700   117,736,691   304,227,645   315,417,306 

Average interest rate (%)

       3.7123         3.77 

Fixed rate (Swiss Francs)

 5,991,035  11,966,770  3,001,116   —    7,264,850   —    28,223,771  27,916,889 

Fixed rate (Swiss francs)

  3,385,165   —     8,228,615   —     —     —     11,613,780   11,650,958 

Average interest rate (%)

       1.8697         1.93 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total fixed rate debt

 100,806,523  96,298,015  161,354,655  130,321,379  135,871,363  1,146,189,938  1,770,841,873  1,627,522,522   213,599,047   83,481,030   96,636,858   113,848,848   101,768,801   1,313,421,841   1,922,756,425   1,945,754,232 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Variable rate (U.S. dollars)

 23,231,281  63,823,350  14,517,807  32,878,778  11,136,784  17,616,801  163,204,801  169,873,202   122,317,252   25,979,932   11,649,479   56,443,974   5,602,565   9,506,180   231,499,382   228,630,238 

Variable rate (Japanese yen)

  —    11,475,200   —     —     —     —    11,475,200  11,264,120         —     —   

Variable rate (euros)

  —     —     —     —    14,601,014   —    14,601,014  16,093,157   —     —     15,842,049   —     —     —     15,842,049   15,375,645 

Variable rate (pesos)

 34,322,574  18,352,215  8,456,465  8,407,405  6,968,237  12,220,826  88,727,722  88,624,217   12,524,115   8,471,904   7,026,631   10,768,263   6,856,660   325,035   45,972,609   42,934,001 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total variable rate debt

 57,553,855  93,650,765  22,974,272  41,286,183  32,706,035  29,837,627  278,008,737  285,854,697   134,841,368   34,451,836   34,518,160   67,212,237   12,459,225   9,831,215   293,314,040   286,939,885 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total debt

 Ps. 158,360,378  Ps. 189,948,780  Ps. 184,328,927  Ps. 171,607,562  Ps. 168,577,398  Ps. 1,176,027,565  Ps. 2,048,850,610  Ps. 1,913,377,218  Ps.348,440,415  Ps.117,932,866  Ps.131,155,018  Ps.181,061,085  Ps.114,228,026  Ps.1,323,253,056  Ps.2,216,070,465  Ps.2,232,694,117 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The information in this table has been calculated using exchange rates at December 31, 20182020 of: Ps. 19.682919.9487 = U.S. $1.00; Ps. 0.179300.1933 = 1.00 Japanese yen; Ps. 25.087827.2579 = 1.00 Poundpound sterling; Ps. 6.2266316.605597 = 1.00 UDI; Ps. 22.505424.4052 = 1.00 euro; and Ps. 19.976222.5720 = 1.00 Swiss Franc.franc.

Source: PEMEX

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Quantitative Disclosure of Debt Cash Flow’sFlow Maturities as of December 31, 20172019(1)

 

 Year of expected maturity date  Year of expected maturity date 
 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
thereafter
 Total carrying
value
 Fair
value
  2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Thereafter
 Total Carrying
Value
 Fair Value 

Liabilities

                

Outstanding debt

                

Fixed rate (U.S. dollars)

  Ps.  53,465,817   Ps.    59,498,256   Ps.    60,290,621   Ps.    95,232,448   Ps.    84,076,050   Ps.    808,836,547   Ps.  1,161,399,739   Ps. 1,213,404,769   Ps. 52,874,594   Ps. 36,474,941   Ps. 36,288,484   Ps. 51,814,555   Ps. 24,377,105   Ps. 959,097,000   Ps. 1,160,926,679   Ps. 1,233,260,685 

Average interest rate (%)

       5.7747         6.2535 

Fixed rate (Japanese yen)

  —     —     —     —     —    19,296,607  19,296,607  18,040,398   —     —     —     5,202,000   —     13,848,692   19,050,692   17,812,094 

Average interest rate (%)

       1.3485         1.3483 

Fixed rate (Pound sterling)

  —     —     —     —    9,345,839  11,952,816  21,298,655  24,381,394 

Fixed rate (pounds sterling)

  —     —     8,725,102   —     —     11,157,892   19,882,994   21,733,929 

Average interest rate (%)

       5.7246         5.7247 

Fixed rate (pesos)

  —     —    10,033,017  20,376,655  1,999,098  88,349,072  120,757,842  171,683,692   10,009,595   20,004,204   1,999,293   —     57,381,081   30,985,764   120,379,937   114,148,170 

Average interest rate (%)

       7.4876         7.4867 

Fixed rate (UDIs)

  —    18,477,076  4,764,175  3,874,313   —    30,081,647  57,197,211  56,536,905   5,137,194   4,183,481   —     —     —     32,067,846   41,388,521   37,209,163 

Average interest rate (%)

       2.7458         4.0514 

Fixed rate (euros)

 1,043  32,042,196  30,801,894  41,508,857  23,655,950  171,255,634  299,265,574  330,573,998   27,490,652   36,993,461   33,752,122   29,564,507   26,321,684   136,705,664   290,828,090   314,159,720 

Average interest rate (%)

       3.6736         3.7095 

Fixed rate (Swiss Francs)

 4,565,075  6,088,686  12,149,953  3,046,567   —     —    25,850,281  26,957,785 

Fixed rate (Swiss francs)

  11,669,169   2,920,578   —     7,081,249   —     —     21,670,996   22,167,273 

Average interest rate (%)

       1.8387         1.6996 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total fixed rate debt

 58,031,935  116,106,214  118,039,660  164,038,840  119,076,937  1,129,772,323  1,705,065,909  1,841,578,940   107,181,204   100,576,665   80,765,001   93,662,311   108,079,870   1,183,862,858   1,674,127,909   1,760,491,034 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Variable rate (U.S. dollars)

 58,364,536  15,302,101  62,289,546  12,809,666  31,289,725  18,379,557  198,435,131  206,254,219   37,129,938   14,165,499   23,671,360   10,931,702   53,275,137   14,051,426   153,225,062   153,747,749 
        

 

 

Variable rate (Japanese yen)

  —     —    11,244,800   —     —     —    11,244,800  11,361,079   11,097,600   —     —     —     —     —     11,097,600   11,112,957 
        

 

 

Variable rate (euros)

  983,647   —     —     13,734,663   —     —     14,718,310   14,969,735 
        

 

 

Variable rate (pesos)

 8,734,371  27,995,083  18,341,742  8,459,163  8,394,483  19,125,764  91,050,606  94,188,981   55,384,990   8,456,465   8,435,081   6,991,763   10,600,586   6,989,516   96,858,401   96,135,647 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total variable rate debt

 67,098,907  43,297,184  91,876,088  21,268,829  39,684,208  37,505,321  300,730,537  311,804,280   104,596,175   22,621,964   32,106,441   31,658,128   63,875,723   21,040,942   275,899,373   275,966,088 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Total debt

 Ps. 25,130,842  Ps. 159,403,398  Ps. 209,915,748  Ps. 185,307,669  Ps. 158,761,145  Ps.1,167,277,644  Ps. 2,005,796,446  Ps.2,153,383,220   Ps. 211,777,379   Ps. 123,198,629   Ps. 112,871,442   Ps. 125,320,439   Ps. 171,955,593   Ps. 1,204,903,800   Ps. 1,950,027,282   Ps. 2,036,457,122 
 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The information in this table has been calculated using exchange rates at December 31, 20172019 of: Ps. 19.786718.8452 = U.S. $1.00; Ps. 0.17570.1734 = 1.00 Japanese yen; Ps. 26.772424.9586 = 1.00 Poundpound sterling; Ps. 5.9345516.399018 = 1.00 UDI; Ps. 23.754921.1537 = 1.00 euro; and Ps. 20.299219.4596 = 1.00 Swiss Franc.franc.

Source: PEMEX

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Quantitative Disclosure of Cash Flow’sFlow Maturities from Derivative Financial Instruments Held or Issued for Purposes

for Purposes Other than Trading as of December 31, 20182020(1) (2)

 

  Year of expected maturity date       
  2019  2020  2021  2022  2023  2024
Thereafter
  Total Notional
Amount
  Fair Value(3) 

Hedging instruments(2)(4)

        

Interest rate DFIs

        

Interest rate swaps (U.S. dollars)

        

Variable to fixed

  Ps. 4,692,574   Ps. 4,706,039   Ps. 4,661,811   Ps. 4,546,095   Ps. 4,406,561   Ps. 5,683,437   Ps. 28,696,517   Ps. 644,746 

Average pay rate

  3.18  3.20  3.22  3.25  3.37  3.74  N.A.   N.A. 

Average receive rate

  4.22  4.07  3.94  4.08  4.40  5.25  N.A.   N.A. 

Currency DFIs

        

Cross-currency swaps

        

Receive euros/Pay U.S. dollars

  20,782,857   28,568,548   36,709,101   35,121,361   45,930,033   175,091,781   342,203,681   5,495,541 

Receive Japanese yen/

Pay U.S. dollars

  —     12,971,158   —     —     4,750,499   —     17,721,657   (1,112,629

Receive Pounds sterling/

Pay U.S. dollars

  —     —     —     9,819,995   —     11,645,585   21,465,580   (297,318

Receive UDI/ Pay pesos

  23,740,341   7,292,520   3,000,000   —     —     27,450,032   61,482,893   (4,392,093 

Receive Swiss francs/

Pay U.S. dollars

  6,466,978   11,488,074   2,978,666   —     7,184,259   —     28,117,977   486,310 

Currency Options

        

Buy Put, Sell Put and Sell Call on Japanese yen

  —     —     —     —     —     14,355,685   14,355,685   222,491 

Buy call, Sell call and Sell Put on euros

  —     —     39,497,823   13,542,111   14,670,620   99,308,812   167,019,366   165,458 

Sell Call on Pound sterling

  —     —     —     —     —     11,296,695   11,296,695   (232,636

Sell Call on Swiss Francs

  —     —     —     —     7,315,424   —     7,315,424   (183,093

Currency Forward

        

Receive U.S. dollars / Pay pesos

  —     —     —     —     —     —     —     —   
  Year of expected Maturity Date 
  2021  2022  2023  2024  2025  2026
Thereafter
  Total Carrying
Value
  Fair Value (3) 

Hedging Instruments

        

Interest Rate DFI (2) (4)

        

Interest Rate Swaps (U.S. dollars)

        

Variable to fixed

  Ps. 4,724,765   Ps. 4,607,486   Ps. 4,466,068   Ps. 3,316,471   Ps. 2,443,716   Ps. —     Ps. 19,558,505   Ps. (712,107

Average pay rate

  3.22  3.25  3.37  3.68  4.13  0.00  n.a.   n.a. 

Average receive rate

  0.90  0.91  1.12  1.67  2.38  0.00  n.a.   n.a. 

Interest Rate Options

        

Buy Cap, Sell Floor on floating in U.S. dollar LIBOR 1M

  —     —     —     49,871,750   —     —     49,871,750   (1,331,188
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Currency DFI

        

Cross-currency swaps

        

Receive euros/Pay U.S. dollars

  37,204,824   35,595,644   46,550,277   26,565,185   39,334,093   107,601,624   292,851,648   9,939,110 

Receive Japanese yen / Pay U.S. dollars

  —     —     4,814,650   —     —     —     4,814,650   505,772 

Receive pounds sterling / Pay U.S. dollars

  —     9,781,187   —     —     11,802,848   —     21,584,035   839,037 

Receive UDI/ Pay pesos

  3,000,000   —     —     —     3,063,181   27,450,032   33,513,214   6,834,051 

Receive Swiss francs/ Pay U.S. dollars

  3,018,890   —     7,281,276   —     —     —     10,300,166   913,809 

Currency Options

        

Buy Put, Sell Put and Sell Call on Japanese yen

  —     —     —     —     —     15,456,770   15,456,770   14,918 

Buy Call, Sell Call and Sell Put on euros

  42,647,378   —     —     30,462,413   17,668,200   30,462,413   121,240,404   3,167,805 

Sell Call on pounds sterling

  —     —     —     —     12,271,443   —     12,271,443   (85,994

Sell Call on Swiss francs

  —     —     8,225,571   —     —     —     8,225,571   (70,196

Sell Call on Euros

  —     14,621,958   15,840,455   —     15,840,455   57,878,585   104,181,452   (2,118,100
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

N.A. = not applicable.

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The information in this table has been calculated using exchange rates at December 31, 20182020 of: Ps. 19.682919.9487 = U.S. $1.00 and Ps. 22.505424.4052 = 1.00 euro.

(2)

PEMEX’s management uses these DFIs to hedge market risk; however, these DFIs do not qualify for accounting purposes as hedges and are recorded in the financial statements as entered into for trading purposes.

(3)

Positive numbers represent a favorable fair value to PEMEX.

(4)

PMI’s risk management policies and procedures establish that DFIs should be used only for hedging purposes; however, DFIs are not recorded as hedges for accounting purposes.

Source: PEMEX

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Quantitative Disclosure of Cash Flow’sFlow Maturities from Derivative Financial Instruments Held or Issued for Purposes

for Purposes Other than Trading as of December 31, 20172019(1) (2)

 

  Year of expected maturity date        Year of expected maturity date   
  2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Thereafter
 Total Notional
Amount
   Fair Value(3)  2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Thereafter
 Total Notional
Amount
 Fair Value  (3) 

Hedging instruments(2)(4)

          

Hedging instruments (2) (4)

        

Interest rate DFIs

                  

Interest rate swaps (U.S. dollars)

                  

Variable to fixed

  Ps.4,704,170  Ps.4,717,321  Ps.4,730,857  Ps.4,686,396  Ps.4,570,070  Ps.10,143,209  Ps.33,552,022   Ps.388,851   Ps. 4,505,751   Ps. 4,463,405   Ps. 4,352,614   Ps. 4,219,019   Ps. 3,133,015   Ps. 2,308,537   Ps. 22,982,341   Ps. (99,231) 

Average pay rate

   3.16 3.18 3.20 3.22 3.26 3.48 N.A.    N.A.   3.20%   3.22%   3.25%   3.37%   3.68%   4.13%   n.a.   n.a. 

Average receive rate

   3.19 3.44 3.69 3.81 3.95 4.48 N.A.    N.A.   3.00%   2.80%   2.94%   3.17%   3.67%   4.36%   n.a.   n.a. 

Interest rate swaps (pesos)

          

Variable to fixed

   —     —     —     —     —     —     —      —   

Average pay rate

   N.A.  N.A.  N.A.  N.A.  N.A.  N.A.  N.A.    N.A. 

Average receive rate

   N.A.  N.A.  N.A.  N.A.  N.A.  N.A.  N.A.    N.A. 

Currency DFIs

                  

Cross-currency swaps

                  

Receive euros/Pay U.S. dollars

   —   29,898,198  28,719,208  36,902,690  21,302,856  161,617,172  278,440,124    19,065,727   27,352,677   35,146,769   33,626,604   43,975,261   25,095,682   141,792,559   306,989,551   (6,129,828

Receive Japanese yen/

Pay U.S. dollars

      —    13,039,563   —     —    4,775,551  17,815,114    (1,670,533

Receive Pounds sterling/

Pay U.S. dollars

   —     —     —     —    10,310,216  11,706,999  22,017,215    1,151,096 

Receive Japanese yen / Pay U.S. dollars

  12,419,108   —     —     4,548,319   —     —     16,967,427   (1,087,602

Receive pounds sterling / Pay U.S. dollars

  —     —     9,204,373   —     —     11,149,951   20,354,324   516,780 

Receive UDI/ Pay pesos

   —    23,740,341  7,292,520  3,000,000   —    20,605,166  54,638,028    (4,720,592  7,292,520   3,000,000   —     —     —     27,450,032   37,742,553   3,116,439 

Receive Swiss francs/

Pay U.S. dollars

   4,535,474  6,501,082  11,548,658  2,994,374   —     —    25,579,588    400,316   10,999,144   2,851,895   —     6,878,498   —     —     20,729,537   797,159 

Currency Options

                  

Buy Put, Sell Put and Sell Call on Japanese yen

   —     —     —     —     —    14,046,320  14,046,320    48,715   —     —     —     —     —     13,881,133   13,881,133   123,244 

Buy Call, Sell call and Sell Put on euros

   —     —     —    41,567,998   —    59,382,855  100,950,853    4,919,444 

Sell Call on Pound sterling

   —     —     —     —     —    12,031,728  12,031,728    (239,626

Curency Forward

          

Receive U.S. dollars / Pay pesos

   59,360,100   —     —     —     —     —    59,360,100    (2,006,461

Buy Call, Sell Call and Sell Put on euros

  —     36,978,146   —     —     26,412,961   41,732,479   105,123,586   360,731 

Sell Call on pounds sterling

  —     —     —     —     —     11,242,387   11,242,387   (81,137

Sell Call on Swiss francs

  —     —     —     7,116,252   —     —     7,116,252   (74,535

Sell Call on Euros

  —     —     12,678,221   13,734,740   —     40,147,701   66,560,662   (1,223,283

N.A. = not applicable.

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The information in this table has been calculated using exchange rates at December 31, 20172019 of: Ps. 19.786718.8452 = U.S. $1.00 and Ps. 23.754921.1537 = 1.00 euro.

(2)

PEMEX’s management uses these DFIs to hedge market risk; however, these DFIs do not qualify for accounting purposes as hedges and are recorded in the financial statements as entered into for trading purposes.

(3)

Positive numbers represent a favorable fair value to PEMEX.

(4)

PMI’s risk management policies and procedures establish that DFIs should be used only for hedging purposes; however, DFIs are not recorded as hedges for accounting purposes.

Source: PEMEX

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The following tables show the estimated amount of principal and interest cash flow maturities of PEMEX’s financial liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (DFIs are not included):

Financial Liabilities Interest and Principal Cash Flow Maturities as of December 31, 2020(1)

  Year of expected maturity date 
  Total Carrying
Value
  2021  2022  2023  2024  2025  2026
Thereafter
  Total 

Financial Liabilities

        

Suppliers

  281,978,041   281,978,041   —     —     —     —     —     281,978,041 

Accounts and accrued expenses Payable

  30,709,497   30,709,497   —     —     —     —     —     30,709,497 

Leases

  63,184,128   12,899,935   8,695,992   8,660,013   8,151,473   7,392,278   54,962,972   100,762,663 

Debt

  2,258,727,317   386,573,778   230,702,075   322,593,741   277,735,672   203,016,590   2,243,851,381   3,664,473,237 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.2,634,598,983   Ps.712,161,251   Ps.239,398,067   Ps.331,253,754   Ps.285,887,145   Ps.210,408,868   Ps.2,298,814,353   Ps.4,077,923,438 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The information in this table has been calculated using exchange rates on December 31, 2020 of: Ps. 19.9487 = U.S. $1.00; Ps. 0.1933 = 1.00 Japanese yen; Ps. 27.2579 = 1.00 pound sterling; Ps. 6.605597 = 1.00 UDI; Ps. 24.4052 = 1.00 euro; and Ps. 22.5720 = 1.00 Swiss franc.

Financial Liabilities Interest and Principal Cash Flow Maturities as of December 31, 2019(1)

  Year of expected maturity date 
  Total Carrying
Value
  2020  2021  2022  2023  2024  2025
Thereafter
  Total 

Financial Liabilities

        

Suppliers

  208,034,407   208,034,407   —     —     —     —     —     208,034,407 

Accounts and accrued expenses Payable

  26,055,151   26,055,151   —     —     —     —     —     26,055,151 

Leases

  68,148,628   11,424,336   9,982,471   9,507,408   9,493,269   9,361,805   62,776,808   112,546,097 

Debt

  1,983,174,088   312,757,186   222,227,670   205,355,068   213,879,603   254,613,606   2,104,560,030   3,313,393,163 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.2,285,412,274   Ps.558,271,080   Ps.232,210,141   Ps.214,862,476   Ps.223,372,872   Ps.263,975,411   Ps.2,167,336,838   Ps.3,660,028,818 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The information in this table has been calculated using exchange rates at December 31, 2019 of: Ps. 18.8452 = U.S. $1.00; Ps. 0.1734 = 1.00 Japanese yen; Ps. 24.9586 = 1.00 pound sterling; Ps. 6.399018 = 1.00 UDI; Ps. 21.1537 = 1.00 euro; and Ps. 19.4596 = 1.00 Swiss franc.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

B.

Fair value of derivative financial instruments

PEMEX periodically evaluates its exposure to international hydrocarbon prices, interest rates and foreign currencies and uses derivative instruments as a mitigation mechanism when potential sources of market risk are identified.

PEMEX monitors the fair value of its DFI portfolio on a periodic basis. The fair value represents the price at which one party would assume the rights and obligations of the other and is calculated for DFIs through models commonly used in the international financial markets, based on inputs obtained from major market information systems and price providers. Therefore, PEMEX does not have an independent third party to value its DFIs.

PEMEX calculates the fair value of its DFIs through the tools developed by its market information providers such as Bloomberg, and through valuation models implemented in software packages used to integrate all of PEMEX´s business areas and accounting, such as SAP (System Applications Products). PEMEX does not have policies to designate a calculation or valuation agent.

PEMEX’s DFI portfolio is composed primarily of swaps, for which fair value is estimated by projecting future cashflowscash flows and discounting them with the corresponding discount factor; for currency and interest rate options, this is done through the Black and Scholes Model,model, and for crude oil options, through the Levy model for Asian options.

According to IFRS 13 “Fair Value Measurement”, the MtM value of DFIs must reflect the creditworthiness of the parties. Consequently, the fair value of a DFI takes into account the risk that either party may default on its obligation. Due to the above, PEMEX applies the credit value adjustment (“CVA”) method to calculate the fair value of its DFIs.

BecauseGiven that PEMEX’s hedges are cash flow hedges, their effectiveness is preserved regardless of the variations in the underlying assets or reference variables thussince, through time, asset flows are fully offset by liabilities flows. Therefore, it is not necessary to measure or monitor the hedges’ effectiveness.

PEMEX’s assumptions and inputs considered in the calculation of the fair value of its DFIs fall under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy for market participant assumptions.

Embedded derivatives

In accordance with established accounting policies, PEMEX has analyzed the different contracts that PEMEX has entered into and has determined that according to the terms thereof none of these agreements meet the criteria to be classified as embedded derivatives. Accordingly, as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, PEMEX did not recognize any embedded derivatives (foreign currency or index).

As of December 31, 2018, PEMEX recognized a loss of Ps. 3,142,662 in the “Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net” line item which resulted from changes in the fair value of the accounts receivable from the sale of hydrocarbons whose performance obligations have been met and whose determination of the final price is indexed to future prices of the hydrocarbons.

Accounting treatment

PEMEX enters into derivatives transactions with the sole purpose of hedging financial risks related to its operations, firm commitments, planned transactions and assets and liabilities recorded on its statement of financial position. Nonetheless, some of these transactions do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment because they do not meet the requirements of the accounting standards for designation as hedges. They are therefore recorded in the financial statements as instruments entered into for trading purposes, despite the fact that their cash flows are offset by the cash flows of the positions (assets or liabilities) to which they relate. As a result, the changes in their fair value are recognized in the “Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net” line item in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the net fair value of PEMEX’s DFIs (including both DFIs that have not reached maturity and those that have reached maturity but have not been settled), recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position, was Ps. 6,487,03216,629,978 and Ps. 12,367,475,(5,153,841), respectively. As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, PEMEX did not have any DFIs designated as hedges.

The following table shows the fair values and notional amounts of PEMEX’s DFIs, including those with an open position and those that have matured but that have not been settled, which were designated asnon-hedges for accounting purposes and entered into for trading purposes as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017.2019. It should be noted that:

 

A DFI’s fair value includes CVA and is calculated based on market quotes obtained from market sources such as Bloomberg. Forward curvesBloomberg and implied volatilities for natural gas and crude oil are supplied by Bloomberg.PIP.

 

Fair value is calculated internally, either by discounting cash flows with the correspondingzero-coupon yield curve, in the original currency, or through other standard methodologies commonly used in the financial markets for certain specific instruments.

 

      December 31, 2020.   December 31, 2019 

DFI

  

Position

  Notional
Amount
   Fair Value   Notional
Amount
   Fair Value 

Interest rate swaps

  PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives floating in 3-month U.S. dollar LIBOR + spread.   9,350,953    (330,814   11,189,338    (79,096

Interest rate swaps

  PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives floating in 6-month U.S. dollar LIBOR + spread.   9,724,991    (370,094   11,024,442    (9,181

Cross-currency swaps

  PEMEX pays the 28-day TIIE + spread in pesos and receives fixed in UDI.   33,513,214    6,834,051    37,742,553    3,116,439 

Cross-currency swaps

  PEMEX pays floating in 6-month U.S. dollar LIBOR + spread and receives floating in 6-month yen LIBOR + spread.   —      —      12,419,108    (1,403,975

Cross-currency swaps

  PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives fixed in Japanese yen.   4,814,650    505,772    4,548,319    316,373 

Cross-currency swaps

  PEMEX pays floating in 3-month U.S. dollar LIBOR + spread and receives floating in 3-month euro LIBOR + spread.   15,277,498    761,958    14,432,394    (523,552

Cross-currency swaps

  PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives fixed in euro.   277,574,150    9,177,152    292,557,157    (5,606,276

Cross-currency swaps

  PEMEX pays floating in 6-month U.S. dollar LIBOR + spread and receives fixed in pound sterling.   9,781,187    712,072    9,204,373    526,632 

The information is presented

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, of pesos (exceptexcept as noted).

      December 31, 2018  December 31, 2017 

DFI

  

POSITION

  Notional
Amount
 ��Fair
Value
  Notional
Amount
  Fair
Value
 

Interest rate swaps

  

PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives floating in3-month U.S. dollar LIBOR + spread.

   14,147,084   228,909   16,695,028   79,448 

Interest rate swaps

  

PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives floating in6-month U.S. dollar LIBOR + spread.

   13,433,579   420,029   15,433,626   332,273 

Cross-currency swaps

  

PEMEX pays the28-day TIIE + spread in pesos and receives fixed in UDI.

   37,742,553   (237,428  30,897,687   (216,441

Cross-currency swaps

  

PEMEX pays fixed in pesos and receives notional in UDI.

   23,740,341   (4,154,665  23,740,341   (4,504,151

Cross-currency swaps

  

PEMEX pays floating in6-month U.S. dollar LIBOR + spread and receives floating in6-month yen LIBOR + spread.

   12,971,158   (1,532,612  13,039,563   (1,804,993

Cross-currency swaps

  

PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives fixed in Japanese yen.

   4,750,499   419,983   4,775,551   134,461 

Cross-currency swaps

  

PEMEX pays floating in3-month U.S. dollar LIBOR + spread and receives floating in3-month euro LIBOR + spread.

   15,073,938   (122,974  —     —   

Cross-currency swaps

  

PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives fixed in euro.

   327,129,743   5,618,515   278,440,124   19,065,727 

Cross-currency swaps

  

PEMEX pays floating in6-month U.S. dollar LIBOR + spread and receives fixed in Pound sterling.

   9,819,995   (2,573  10,310,216   560,982 

Cross-currency swaps

  

PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives fixed in Pound sterling.

   11,645,585   (294,745  11,706,999   590,113 

Cross-currency swaps

  

PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives fixed in CHF.

   28,117,976   486,310   25,579,588   400,316 

Currency Options

  

PEMEX Buy Put, Sell Put and Sell Call on Japanese yen

   14,355,685   222,491   14,046,320   48,715 

Currency Options

  

PEMEX Buy Call, Sell Call and Sell Put on euro

   95,923,285   2,708,534   100,950,853   4,919,444 

Currency Options

  

PEMEX Sell Call on Pound sterling

   11,296,695   (232,636  12,031,728   (239,626

Currency Options

  

PEMEX Sell Call on CHF

   7,315,424   (183,093  —     —   

Currency Options

  

PEMEX Sell Call on euro

   71,096,081   (2,543,075  —     —   

Currency Forward

  

PEMEX pays Pesos and receives U.S. dollar.

   —     —     59,360,100   (2,006,461

Natural gas swaps

  

PEMEX receives fixed.

   (3,669  136   (51,724  6,934 

Natural gas swaps

  

PEMEX receives floating.

   3,622   (94  50,846   (6,114

Natural gas options

  

PEMEX Long Call.

   989   4   18,625   398 

Natural gas options

  

PEMEX Short Call.

   (989  (4  (18,625  (397

Interest rate swaps

  

PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives floating in U.S. dollar LIBOR 1M.

   1,115,854   (4,192  1,423,368   (22,870
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

      796,820    17,337,758 
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

   December 31, 2018   December 31, 2017 

DFI

  Volume (MMb)   Fair Value   Volume (MMb)   Fair Value 

Crude Oil Options

   111.68    5,690,212    153.56   Ps.(5,010,187
      December 31, 2020.   December 31, 2019 

DFI

  

Position

  Notional
Amount
   Fair Value   Notional
Amount
   Fair Value 

Cross-currency swaps

  PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives fixed in pound sterling.   11,802,848    126,965    11,149,951    (9,852

Cross-currency swaps

  PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives fixed in CHF.   10,300,166    913,809    20,729,537    797,159 

Interest Rate Options

  PEMEX Buy Cap, Sell Floor on floating in U.S. dollar LIBOR 1M.   49,871,750    (1,331,187   —      —   

Currency Options

  PEMEX Buy Put, Sell Put and Sell Call on Japanese yen   15,456,770    14,918    13,881,133    123,244 

Currency Options

  PEMEX Buy call, Sell Call and Sell Put on euro   121,240,404    3,167,805    105,123,586    360,731 

Currency Options

  PEMEX Sell Call on pound sterling   12,271,443    (85,994   11,242,387    (81,137

Currency Options

  PEMEX Sell Call on CHF   8,225,571    (70,196   7,116,252    (74,535

Currency Options

  PEMEX Sell Call on euro   104,181,452    (2,118,100   66,560,662    (1,223,283

Interest rate swaps

  PEMEX pays fixed in U.S. dollar and receives floating in U.S. dollar LIBOR 1M.   482,561    (11,199   768,561    (10,954

Subtotal

       17,896,918      (3,781,263
      

 

 

     

 

 

 

      December 31, 2020   December 31, 2019 

IFD

  

 

  Volume (MMb)   Fair Value   Volume (MMb)   Fair Value 

Crude oil Options

  PEMEX buys Put and sells Put   55.20    (1,266,940   85.05    (1,372,577
      

 

 

     

 

 

 

    December 31, 2018   December 31, 2017 

DFI

  Market   Volume
(MMb)
   Fair value   Volume
(MMb)
   Fair value 

Futures

   Exchange traded    2.6   Ps.441,954    2.1   Ps.(141,693) 

Petroleum Products Swaps

   Exchange traded    4.9   Ps.760,603    1.3   Ps.(99,680) 

   December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

DFI

  

Market

  Volume
(MMb)
  Fair value  Volume
(MMb)
   Fair value 

Futures

  Exchange traded   0.64   Ps.(32,340  2.4    Ps.(124,835

Petroleum Products Swaps

  Exchange traded   (1.48  Ps.(95,572  4.3    Ps.(318,410

Notes: NumbersAmounts may not total due to rounding.

(1)

The fair value of the Futures and the Petroleum Products Swaps was recognized as “Cash and cash equivalents” in the statement of financial position because PEMEX considered these financial assets to be fully liquid.

The exchange rate for U.S. dollars as of December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was Ps. 19.682919.9487 and Ps. 19.786718.8452 per U.S. dollar, respectively. The exchange rate for euros as of December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 was Ps. 22.505424.4052 and Ps. 22.310921.1537 per euro, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, PEMEX recognized a net gain (loss) gain of Ps. (22,258,613),17,096,141, Ps. 25,338,324(23,263,923) and Ps. (14,000,987)(19,115,951), respectively, in the “Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net” line item with respect to DFIs treated as instruments entered into for trading purposes.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The following table presents the fair value of PEMEX’s DFIs that are included in the consolidated statement of financial position in Derivative financial instruments (including both DFIs that have not reached maturity and those that have reached maturity but have not been settled), as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017:2019:

 

  Derivatives assets   Derivatives assets
Fair value
 
  Fair value   December 31, 2020   December 31, 2019 
  December 31,
2018
   December 31,
2017
 

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

        

Crude oil options

  Ps.5,690,212   Ps.397,630    Ps. —      Ps. —   

Currency options

   2,931,025    4,968,159    3,184,942    559,751 

Natural gas options

   4    398    —      —   

Cross-currency swaps

   13,111,838    24,126,452    22,763,051    10,936,579 

Natural gas swaps

   260    7,003    —      —   

Propane swaps

   —      —   

Interest rate swaps

   648,938    411,721    —      —   

Others

   —      202,091    —      —   
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

   22,382,277    30,113,454    25,947,993    11,496,330 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total assets

  Ps.22,382,277   Ps.30,113,454    Ps. 25,947,993    Ps. 11,496,330 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

   Derivatives liabilities 
   Fair value 
   December 31, 2018   December 31, 2017 

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

    

Forwards

  Ps.—     Ps.(2,006,461

Crude oil options

   —      (5,407,817

Currency options

   —      —   

Natural gas options

   (4   (397

Cross-currency swaps

   (15,890,830   (10,301,983

Natural gas swaps

   (218   (6,182

Interest rate swaps

   (4,193   (22,870

Others

   —      (269
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

   (15,895,245   (17,745,979
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  Ps.(15,895,245  Ps.(17,745,979
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net total

  Ps.6,487,032   Ps.12,367,475 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Derivatives liabilities
Fair value
 
   December 31, 2020   December 31, 2019 

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

    

Crude oil options

   Ps.(1,266,940   Ps.(1,372,577

Currency options

   (2,219   (75,776

Natural gas options

   —      —   

Interest rate options

   (1,331,187   —   

Cross-currency swaps

   (6,005,562   (15,102,586

Natural gas swaps

   —      —   

Interest rate swaps

   (712,107   (99,232

Others

   —      —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

   (9,318,015   (16,650,171
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   Ps. (9,318,015   Ps. (16,650,171
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net total

   Ps. 16,629,978    Ps. (5,153,841
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The following tables presents the net gain (loss) recognized in income on PEMEX’s DFIs for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income which is presented in the “Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net” line item:

 

Derivatives not

designated as hedging

instruments

  Amount of gain (loss) recognized in the Statement of operations
on derivatives
   Amount of gain (loss) recognized in the Statement of operations on
derivatives
 
  December 31,
2018
   December 31,
2017
   December 31,
2016
   December 31, 2020   December 31, 2019   December 31, 2018 

Embedded derivatives

  Ps.(3,142,662  Ps.—     Ps.—   

Forwards

   2,007,393    (1,976,241   —     Ps. —     Ps. —     Ps. 2,007,393 

Futures

   374,112    (779,950   (1,925,969   (1,612,650   (1,460,990   374,112 

Crude oil options

   2,329,051    (3,771,604   —      4,996,014    (2,762,358   2,329,051 

Currency options

   (2,210,301   5,255,931    (298,789   2,698,749    (2,447,050   (2,210,301

Natural gas options

   185    673    (671   —      49    185 

Interest rate options

   (1,802,514   —      —   

Cross-currency swaps

   (21,902,567   27,747,290    (11,633,605   13,770,848    (16,019,238   (21,902,567

Crude oil futures swaps

   (176,341   —      —   

Natural gas swaps

   117    1,780    831    —      2    117 

Propane swaps

   —      —      (3,805

Interest rate swaps

   286,059    (34,306   (138,979   (777,965   (574,338   286,059 

Others

   —      (1,105,249   —      —      —      —   
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  Ps. (22,258,613  Ps. 25,338,324   Ps. (14,000,987  Ps. 17,096,141   Ps. (23,263,923  Ps. (19,115,951
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

NOTE 20.

NOTE 19.

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

Until December 31, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos and Subsidiary Entities only had defined benefit pension plans for the retirement of its employees, to which only Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities contribute. Benefits under these plans are based on an employee’s salary and years of service completed at retirement. As of January 1, 2016, Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities also hashave a defined contribution pension plan, in which both Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities and the employee contribute to an employee’s individual account.

Benefits under the defined benefit plan are mainly based on the years of service completed by the employee, and their remuneration at the date of retirement. The obligations and costs of these plans are recognized based on an actuarial valuation prepared by independent experts. Within the regulatory framework of plan assets, there are no minimum funding requirements. Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities have established additional plans to cover post-employment benefits, which are based on actuarial studies prepared by independent experts and which include disability, post-mortem pension and the death of retired employees, as well as medical services for retired employees and beneficiaries.

As of December 31, 2018,2019, Petróleos Mexicanos and Subsidiary Entities funded its employees benefits through Mexican trusts, the resources of which come from the retirement line item of PEMEX’s annual budget (an operating expense), or any other line item that substitutes or relates to this line item, or that is associated towith the same line item and the interests, dividends or capital gains obtained from the investments of the trusts.

In 2019, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos approved modifications to the organic structure of PEMEX. As a result of this, the Subsidiary Entities and Petróleos Mexicanos transferred and / or received active personnel through the figure of employer substitution, with which the Subsidiary Entities and Petróleos Mexicanos recognized the retirement obligations of the transferred personnel whose impact was calculated in the actuarial study carried out by the independent experts.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The following table show the amounts associated with PEMEX’s labor obligations:

 

  December 31,   December 31, 
Defined Benefits Liabilities  2018   2017 
  2020   2019 

Liability for defined benefits at retirement and post-employment at the end of the year

  Ps.1,067,317,120   Ps.1,241,072,307   Ps. 1,516,671,029   Ps. 1,438,849,732 

Liability for other long-term benefits

   13,224,926    17,363,815    18,497,057    17,965,635 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total liability for defined benefits recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position at the end of the year

  Ps.1,080,542,046   Ps.1,258,436,122   Ps. 1,535,168,086   Ps. 1,456,815,367 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

The amount reflected in the Employee Benefit Reserve at the end of the year includes both the defined benefit plan (DB) and the defined contribution plan (DC). As for the defined contribution scheme, the Assets (liabilities) recognized in the balance sheet (DC-warranty) went from Ps. 2,023,220 in 2019 to Ps. 3,051,044 in 2020. The expense in the Income Statement (net cost for the period, DC-guarantee) was Ps. 356,880 and Ps. 316,915 for the year December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The following tables contain detailed information regarding PEMEX’s retirement and post-employment benefits:

 

  December 31,   December 31, 
Changes in the liability for defined benefits  2018   2017   2020   2019 

Liability for defined benefits at the beginning of the year

  Ps. 1,241,072,307   Ps.1,202,624,665   Ps. 1,438,849,732   Ps.1,067,317,120 

Recognition of the modifications in pensions plan

   —      8,327 

Current Service cost

   20,819,804    13,079,341    22,742,631    15,871,004 

Net interest

   97,571,478    95,402,917    105,699,575    95,643,572 

Defined benefits paid by the fund

   (5,547,170   (5,105,669   (5,168,608   (5,759,721

Actuarial (gains) losses in other comprehensive results due to:

    

Change in financial assumptions

   (214,105,342   47,182,448 

Change in demographic assumptions

   (71,958,462   (70,012,604

For experience during the year

   53,779,484    10,272,231 

In plan assets during the year

   646,318    (453,206

Effect of the liability ceiling*

   279,674    —   

Transfer to Long-term Benefits*

   410,775    —   

Actuarial losses (gains) in other comprehensive results due to:

    

Change in financial assumptions(1)

   77,094,827    304,527,285 

Change in demographic assumptions (1)

   (18,581,935   (9,012,031

For experience during the year (1)

   (41,069,054   25,228,095 

Assets of the plan during the year (1)

   32,531    (43,628

Effect of the liability ceiling *

   —      (127,137

Real interest, excluding earned interests *

   —      (363,873

Adjustment to the Defined Contribution Plan *

   —      61,583 

Remeasurements

   2,146    26,417    —      (96,828

Contributions paid to the fund

   (55,653,892   (51,952,560   (62,928,670   (54,395,709
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Defined benefit liabilities at end of year

  Ps.1,067,317,120   Ps.1,241,072,307   Ps. 1,516,671,029   Ps. 1,438,849,732 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
*

The concepts come from the valuation of PMI CIM´s liabilities.

(1)

The amount of actuarial losses corresponding to retirement and post-employment benefits recognized in other comprehensive income net of deferred income tax for Ps. (19,182,373) in the year ended December 31, 2020, corresponded mainly to the decrease in the discount rate, from 7.53% in 2019 to 7.08% in 2020, as well as the decrease in the salary increase rate, from 5.02% in 2019 to 4.47% in 2020, and the gradual increase in the rate of mortality for non-disabled retirees. Other factors included changes in the population, age, seniority, salary, pensions and employee benefits.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

   December 31, 
Changes in pension plan assets  2020   2019 

Plan assets at the beginning of year

  Ps.2,585,007   Ps.7,200,471 

Return on plan assets

   262,273    833,638 

Payments by the pension fund

   (63,204,515   (59,967,278

Company contributions to the fund

   62,928,670    54,395,709 

Actuarial (gains) losses in plan assets

   (32,531  ��43,683 

Effect of the liability ceiling

   —      157,774 

Adjustment to the Defined Contribution Plan *

   (100,180   (61,582

Clearance Price*

   —      (17,408
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pension plan assets at the end of year

  Ps.2,438,724   Ps.2,585,007 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
*

The concepts come from the valuation of PMI CIM´s liabilities.

                                                
   December 31, 
Changes in pension plan assets  2018   2017 

Plan assets at the beginning of year

  Ps.8,485,692   Ps.9,489,666 

Return on plan assets

   862,175    902,550 

Payments by the pension fund

   (56,834,688   (54,312,270

Company contributions to the fund

   55,653,892    51,952,559 

Actuarial (gains) losses in plan assets

   (653,583   453,187 

Effect of the liability ceiling

   (313,017   —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Pension plan assets at the end of year

  Ps.7,200,471   Ps.8,485,692 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

In 2018, the net actuarial gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) net of deferred income tax were Ps. (222,545,556), related to retirement and post-employment benefits. This resultThe Labor Fund reduction was due to budgetary requirements derived from the increaseneed to meet a financial balance goal in cash flow. In this sense, during 2020 PEMEX’s administration implemented a strategy and the discount and return on plan assets rates, from 7.89% in 2017 to 9.29% in 2018, as well ascontributions to the modification inFund are scheduled and executed taking into account the assumptionsinitial balance plus the cost of family compositionpayrolls and retirements for the year, maintaining a minimum operating balance without the operational continuity risk or payment to the retirement for active personnel, and to the modification in the mortality assumptions for retired personnel. Other factors influencing the changes were the obligations based on changes in population, age, seniority, wages, pensions and benefits, increased rates of gas, gasoline and basic basket benefits (from 3.75% to 4.00%). For retired employees,

the increase in the wage rate (from 4.77% to 5.02%), as well as the long-term inflation assumption (from 3.75% to 4.00%) also influenced the changes.

In accordance with IFRS, the discount rate of labor liabilities has been estimated using as a reference the interest rates observed in Mexican Government bonds denominated in pesos (Cetes and M bonds). During 2018, the long-term interest rates of these bonds increased by an average of 100 basis points, as a consequence of the volatility registered in the Mexican financial markets towards the end of the year. The increase in these rates directly impacted the estimation of the discount rate of labor liabilities.

Contributions from PemexPEMEX to FOLAPE include a promissory note for Ps. 4,983,670 (Ps. 4,102,622 of principal and Ps. 881,048 of interest) in the month of April derived from the Federal Government Contribution due to the Pemex Labor Fund include the promissory note matured on March 31, 2018 in the amount of Ps. 2,551,024, for the assumption by the Mexican GovernmentModification of the payment obligations related to pensions and retirement plansPension Plan of Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subisidiary EntitiesSubsidiary Entities. Interest income generated by the Government Bonds amounted Ps. 2,103,099 during 2020 of which Petróleos Mexicanos received the payment of Ps. 817,270. (see Note 17-A)15-A and B).

The expected contribution to the Pemex Labor FundExpected payments for 2019 amounts to Ps. 63,235,620 and the expected paymentsfiscal year 2021 are Ps. 68,387,355.75,776,059.

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the amounts and types of plan assets are as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2018   2017 

Plan Assets

    

Cash and cash equivalents

  Ps.4,976,125   Ps.135,757 

Held-for-sale financial assets

   —      1,034,178 

Debt instruments

   2,224,346    7,315,757 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total plan assets

  Ps.7,200,471   Ps.8,485,692 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   December 31, 
   2018   2017 

Changes in Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)

    

Defined benefit obligations at the beginning of the year

  Ps.1,249,557,999   Ps.1,212,114,331 

Service costs

   18,365,156    19,762,661 

Financing costs

   98,759,209    96,331,015 

Past service costs

   (103,845   —   

Payments by the fund

   (62,388,283   (59,417,940

Amount of (gains) and losses recognized through other comprehensive income(1)

   (232,284,320   (12,594,541

Liquidated obligations

   (457,168   —   

Modifications to the pension plan

   2,782,151    (6,609,657

Remeasurements

   2,139    (1,471

Reductions

   —      (26,399
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Defined benefit obligations at the end of year

  Ps. 1,074,233,038   Ps.1,249,557,999 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   December 31, 
Plan Assets  2020   2019 

Cash and cash equivalents

  Ps.10,845   Ps.138,795 

Debt instruments

   2,427,879    2,446,212 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total plan assets

  Ps. 2,438,724   Ps. 2,585,007 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

(1)

These gains and losses are due to changes in financial assumptions, demographics and experience during the year.

   December 31, 
Changes in Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)  2020   2019 

Defined benefit obligations at the beginning of the year

  Ps. 1,441,356,415   Ps. 1,074,233,038 

Service costs

   20,793,204    14,516,102 

Financing costs

   105,802,122    96,350,258 

Past service costs

   —      77,045 

Payments by the fund

   (68,295,593   (65,727,000

Actuarial (losses) gains due to:

    

Change in financial assumptions

   77,094,827    304,527,285 

Change in demographic assumptions

   (18,581,935   (9,012,031

For experience during the year

   (41,069,054   25,228,095 

Obligations settled

   —      (14,237

Reductions

   34,789    (129,909

Modifications to the pension plan

   1,949,427    1,307,769 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Defined benefit obligations at the end of year

  Ps. 1,519,084,202   Ps. 1,441,356,415 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The asset ceiling test was not applied because there was a deficit of labor liabilitieseffects on the Defined Benefits Liability upon retirement and post-employment at the beginning and end of the year.period are:

The effect of an increase or decrease of one percentage point in the discount rate is a-10.56%-12.25% increase or a 13.00%15.42% decrease in defined benefit obligations, respectively.obligations.

The effect of an increase or decrease of one percentage point in the increase rate in medical services with respect to the cost and obligations related to medical services point is a 2.15%3.23% increase or a-1.69%-2.47% decrease in defined benefit obligations, respectively.obligations.

The effect of an increase or decrease of one percentage point in the inflation is a 8.54%9.58% and-7.54%-8.08%, respectively in defined benefit obligations.

The effect of an increase or decrease of one percentage point in the wage is a 1.25%1.37% and-1.10% -1.20%, respectively in defined benefit obligations.

The effects previously mentioned were determined using the projected unit credit method which was the same method used in the prior valuation.

Assumptions regarding future mortality are based on EMSSA2009 to Unique Circular of the Comisión Nacional de Seguros y Fianzas (National Commission of Insurance and Bonds) and include changesimprovements to the mortality rate established in 2018.2020. For the December valuation, the mortality table for retired personnel was updated using an actuarial proposal based on the experience of Petróleos Mexicanos and its SubisidiarySubsidiary Entities. The mortality table for the incapacitated personnel is the EMSSInc-IMSS2012 and for the disabled personnel the EMSSInv-IMSS2012.

PEMEX’s plan assets are held in the FOLAPE trust,trusts, which isare managed by BBVA Bancomer, S. A. and a technical committee for theeach trust that is comprised of personnel from Petróleos Mexicanos and the trust.trusts. As of December 31, 2020, FOLAPE has a balance of Ps. 9,382, the remaining Ps. 2,429,342 belong to affiliate companies that are in charge of managing their own funds.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The following tables present additional fair value disclosure about plan assets and indicate their rank, in accordance with IFRS 13, as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017:2019:

 

   Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2018 
Plan assets  Quoted prices in
active markets
for identical
assets (level 1)
   Significant
observable
inputs (level 2)
   Significant
unobservable
inputs (level 3)
   Total 

Cash and cash equivalents

  Ps.4,976,125   Ps.—     Ps.—     Ps.4,976,125 

Debt instruments

   2,224,346    —      —      2,224,346 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.7,200,471   Ps.—     Ps.—     Ps.7,200,471 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2017 
Plan assets:  Quoted prices in
active markets
for identical
assets (level 1)
   Significant
observable
inputs (level 2)
   Significant
unobservable
inputs (level 3)
   Total 

Cash and cash equivalents

  Ps.135,757   Ps.—     Ps.—     Ps.135,757 

Held-for-sale financial assets

   1,034,178    —      —      1,034,178 

Debt instruments

   7,315,757    —      —      7,315,757 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.8,485,692   Ps.—     Ps.—     Ps.8,485,692 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2020 
Plan assets  Quoted prices in
active markets
for identical
assets (level 1)
   Significant
observable
inputs (level 2)
   Significant
unobservable
inputs (level 3)
   Total 

Cash and cash equivalents

  Ps. 10,845   Ps.—     Ps. —     Ps. 10,845 

Debt instruments

   2,427,879    —      —      2,427,879 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.2,438,724   Ps. —     Ps.—     Ps.2,438,724 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2019 

Plan assets

  Quoted prices in
active markets
for identical
assets (level 1)
   Significant
observable
inputs (level 2)
   Significant
unobservable
inputs (level 3)
   Total 

Cash and cash equivalents

  Ps. 138,795   Ps.—     Ps. —     Ps. 138,795 

Debt instruments

   2,446,212    —      —      2,446,212 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.2,585,007   Ps.—     Ps.—     Ps.2,585,007 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the principal actuarial assumptions used in determining the defined benefit obligation for the plans are as follows:

 

  December 31, 
  December 31,   2020 2019 
  2018 2017 

Rate of increase in salaries

   5.02 4.77   4.47  5.02

Rate of increase in pensions

   4.00 3.75   4.00  4.00

Rate of increase in post-mortem pensions

   0.00  0.00

Rate of increase in medical services

   7.65 7.65   7.65  7.65

Inflation assumption

   4.00 3.75   4.00  4.00

Rate of increase in basic basket for active personnel

   5.00 5.00   5.00  5.00

Rate of increase in basic basket for retired personnel

   4.00 3.75   4.00  4.00

Rate of increase in gas and gasoline

   4.00 3.75   4.00  4.00

Discount and return on plan assets rate

   9.29 7.89

Discount and return on plan assets rate (1)

   7.08  7.53

Average length of obligation (years)

   15.04  18.40    17.52   17.52 

In accordance with IFRS, the discount rate of labor liabilities has been estimated using as a reference the interest rates observed in Mexican Government bonds denominated in pesos (Cetes and M bonds). During 2018, the long-term interest rates of these bonds increased by an average of 100 basis points, as a consequence of the volatility registered in the Mexican financial markets towards the end of the year. The increase in these rates directly impacted the estimation of the discount rate of labor liabilities.

(1)

In accordance with IAS 19, the discount rate was determined using as a reference the interest rates observed in Mexican Government bonds denominated in pesos (Cetes and M bonds), as well as the flow of payments expected to cover contingent obligations. As a result of the performance in financial instruments mentioned above, the discount rate for 2020 had a decrease in respect to discount rate of 2019.

Other long-term benefits

Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities hashave established other long-term benefit plans for itstheir employees, to which employees do not contribute, which correspond to the seniority premiums payable for disability, death and survivor benefits (payable to the widow and beneficiaries of worker), medical service, gas and basic basket for beneficiaries. Benefits under these plans are based on an employee’s salary and years of service completed at separation date. Obligations and costs of such plans are recorded in accordance with actuarial valuations performed by independent actuaries.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The amounts recognized for long-term obligations for the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 are as follows:

 

  December 31, 
  2018   2017   December 31, 

Change in the liability for defined benefits

      2020   2019 

Liabilities defined benefit at the beginning of year

  Ps. 17,363,815   Ps.17,784,771   Ps. 17,965,635   Ps. 13,224,926 

Present cost services

   (18,085   —   

Charge to income for the year

   2,885,875    3,277,847    2,865,809    2,164,866 

Actuarial (gains) losses recognized in income due to:

    

Actuarial losses (gains) recognized in income due to:

    

Change in financial assumptions

   (3,741,132   878,516    912,673    5,007,261 

Change in demographic assumptions

   (751,052   (1,015,274   (439,969   (245,829

For experience during the year

   (2,259,569   (3,558,599   (2,806,112   (2,418,954

Real interest, excluding earned interests

   125,485    —   

Effect of the liability ceiling

   33,344    —   

Real interest, excluding earned interests *

   —      264,917 

Effect of the liability ceiling *

   —      (30,638

Adjustment to the Defined Contribution Plan *

   —      (914

Benefits paid

   (2,980   (3,446   (979   —   

Transfer to the post-employment benefit fund recognized in other comprehensive income

   (410,775   —   
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Liabilities defined benefit at the end of year

  Ps.13,224,926   Ps.17,363,815   Ps. 18,497,057   Ps. 17,965,635 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

*

The concepts come from the valuation of PMI CIM´s liabilities.

The expected long-term benefit payments amount to Ps.300,869.Ps. 359,746.

The effects on liabilitiesprincipal actuarial assumptions used in determining the defined benefit obligation for long-term benefits at the end of the periodplans are:

 

The effect of an increase or decrease of one percentage point in the discount rate is a -14.80%-17.30% increase or a 19.25%23.25% decrease, respectively, in defined benefit obligations.

 

The effect of an increase or decrease of one percentage point in the increase rate in medical services with respect to the cost and obligations related to medical services is a 4.64%8.53% increase or a -3.32%-5.90%, decrease, respectively, in defined benefit obligations.

 

The effect of an increase or decrease of one percentage point in the inflation is a 0.48%0.40% increase or a 1.73%-0.35% decrease, respectively, in defined benefit obligations.

 

The effect of an increase or decrease of one percentage point in the wage is a 4.26%4.51% increase or a 3.88%-3.99% decrease, respectively in defined benefit obligations.

The principal actuarial assumptionseffects previously mentioned, were determined using the projected unit credit method which was the same used in determining the defined benefit obligation forprior valuation.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the plans areconsolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as follows:noted)

 

  December 31,   December 31, 
  2018 2017   2020 2019 

Rate of increase in salaries

   5.02 4.77   4.47  5.02

Inflation assumption

   4.00 3.75   4.00  4.00

Rate of increase in basic basket for active personnel

   5.00 5.00   5.00  5.00

Rate of increase in basic basket for retired personnel

   4.00 3.75   4.00  4.00

Rate of increase in gas and gasoline

   4.00 3.75   4.00  4.00

Discount and return on plan assets rate

   9.29 7.89   7.08  7.53

Average length of obligation (years)

   15.04  18.40    17.52   17.52 

In accordance with IFRS,IAS 19, the discount rate of labor liabilities has been estimatedwas determined using as a reference the interest rates observed in Mexican Government bonds denominated in pesos (Cetes and M bonds). During 2018,, as well as the long-term interest ratesflow of these bonds increased by an average of 100 basis points, aspayments expected to cover contingent obligations. As a consequenceresult of the volatility registeredperformance in the Mexican financial markets towards the end of the year. The increase in these rates directly impacted the estimation ofinstruments mentioned above, the discount rate for 2020 had a decrease in respect to discount rate of labor liabilities.2019.

NOTE 21.

NOTE 20.

PROVISIONS FOR SUNDRY CREDITORS

At December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the provisions for sundry creditors and others is as follows:

 

   2018   2017 

Provision for plugging of wells (Note 15)

  Ps.84,050,900   Ps.68,797,600 

Provision for trails in process (Note 29)

   6,483,078    7,812,689 

Provision for environmental costs

   11,219,278    11,067,134 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  Ps.101,753,256   Ps.87,677,423 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   2020   2019 

Provision for plugging of wells (Note 13)

  Ps. 77,125,513   Ps. 80,849,900 

Provision for trails in process (Note 27)

   8,321,816    8,075,031 

Provision for environmental costs

   9,178,555    9,086,977 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
  Ps. 94,625,884   Ps. 98,011,908 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following tables show the allowance account for plugging of wells, trials in progress and environmental costs:

 

  Plugging of wells   Plugging of wells 
  2018   2017   2020   2019 

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps. 68,797,600   Ps. 64,967,710   Ps. 80,849,900   Ps. 84,050,900 

Increase (decrease) capitalized in fixed assets

   22,313,529    (3,791,482

(Decrease) Increase capitalized in fixed assets

   (12,816,336   (2,826,003

Unwinding of discount against income

   (6,953,200   7,774,000    4,555,692    3,318,384 

Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gains)

   4,766,921    (3,577,200

Amount used

   (107,029   (152,628   (230,664   (116,181
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Balance at the end of the year

  Ps.84,050,900   Ps.68,797,600   Ps. 77,125,513   Ps. 80,849,900 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 
  Trials in progress 
  2018   2017 

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps.7,812,689   Ps.15,119,692 

Additions against income

   1,194,547    2,835,357 

Provision cancellation

   (2,502,807   (1,973,153

Amount used

   (21,351   (8,169,207
  

 

   

 

 

Balance at the end of the year

  Ps.6,483,078   Ps.7,812,689 
  

 

   

 

 
  Environmental costs 
  2018   2017 

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps.11,067,134   Ps.8,230,476 

Additions against income

   1,390,838    3,203,982 

Provision cancellation

   (1,106,693   (312,937

Amont used

   (132,001   (54,387
  

 

   

 

 

Balance at the end of the year(1)

  Ps.11,219,278   Ps.11,067,134 
  

 

   

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

(1)

PEMEX is subject to the provisions of theLey General del Equilibrio Ecológico y la Protección al Ambiente (General Law on Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection). To comply with this law, environmental audits of PEMEX’s larger operating, storage and transportation facilities have been or are being conducted. Following the completion of such audits, PEMEX has signed various agreements with theProcuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente (Federal Attorney of Environmental Protection) to implement environmental remediation and improve environmental plans. Such plans contemplate remediation for environmental damages, as well as related investments for the improvement of equipment, maintenance, labor and materials.

   Trials in progress 
   2020   2019 

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps. 8,075,031   Ps.   6,483,078 

Additions against expenses

   972,692    1,901,930 

Provision cancellation

   (724,026   (309,977

Amount used

   (1,881   —   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at the end of the year

  Ps. 8,321,816   Ps. 8,075,031 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

   Environmental costs 
   2020   2019 

Balance at the beginning of the year

  Ps. 9,086,977   Ps. 11,219,278 

Additions against expenses

   1,669,063    4,745,835 

Cancellation against expenses

   (1,574,810   (6,873,905

Amount used

   (2,675   (4,231
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at the end of the year(1)

  Ps. 9,178,555   Ps. 9,086,977 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provision for plugging of wells

PEMEX records a provision at present value for the future plugging cost of an oil production facility or pipeline at the time that it is built.

The plugging provision represents the present value of plugging costs related to oil and gas properties. These provisions have been created based on internal estimates of PEMEX. PEMEX has made certain assumptions based on the current economic environment that PEMEX believes provide a reasonable basis on which to estimate the future liability. These estimates are reviewed regularly to take into account any material changes in the assumptions. However, actual plugging costs in the long run will depend on future market prices for the necessary plugging work, which reflect market conditions at the time the work is being performed.

The calculation of this provision considers the year-end exchange rate, the projected inflation rate for the United States, interpolated discount rates based on the maturity date of long-term debt instruments in U.S. markets, as well as unit costs obtained from current contracts as of the valuation date, the current status of PEMEX’s wells and the limit of proved and developed reserves as of January 1, 2021.

The decrease in the provision in 2020 and 2019 against fixed assets corresponded to a decrease in the foreign exchange effect of direct costs reported (due to foreign exchange rates) in the current contracts for the plugging of wells, as well as decreases in the reserve limits and adjustments to the discount rate. This includes the effect of the discount rate over time of Ps. 4,555,692 and Ps. 3,318,348 for 2020 and 2019, respectively. The discount rate ranges used during 2020 and 2019 were from 3.268% to 7.799% and 3.279% to 6.960% for U.S. dollar denominated assets, respectively, and from 9.517% to 15.051% and 9.178% to 11.834% for peso denominated assets, respectively.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Moreover, the time of plugging depends on when the fields cease to have economically viable production rates, which, in turn, depends on the inherently uncertain future prices of oil and gas.

NOTE 22. DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW

The following items represent non-cash transactions and are presented for disclosure purposes: Well plugging of works will be carried out as follows:

 

   For the years ended December 31, 
   2018   2017   2016 

Investing activities

      

Available-for-sale financial assets(1)

   —      5,564,130    207,817 

Financing activities

      

Financed Public Works Contracts

   —      —      146,217,292 

Currency translation effect(2)

   846,191    6,096,459    21,386,903 

Accrued interest not charged(3)

   9,333,347    9,053,852    3,597,654 

Accrued interest unpaid(4)

   5,437,633    8,734,131    9,326,945 

Year

  Amount 

2021

  Ps.    2,858,989 

2022

   2,197,972 

2023

   3,167,257 

2024

   3,456,396 

2025

   6,110,317 

More than 5 years

   59,334,582 
  

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.    77,125,513 
  

 

 

 

Provision for environmental costs

PEMEX is subject to the provisions of the Ley General del Equilibrio Ecológico y la Protección al Ambiente (General Law on Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection). To comply with this law, environmental audits of PEMEX’s larger operating, storage and transportation facilities have been or are being conducted. Following the completion of such audits, PEMEX has signed various agreements to implement environmental remediation and improve environmental plans. Such plans will be sent to the Agencia Nacional de Seguridad Industrial y de Protección al Medio Ambiente del Sector Hidrocarburos (National Agency for Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection of the Hydrocarbons Sector or “ASEA”). The period of execution of these works is not defined, as they are subject to the budgets that may be granted to PEMEX.

 

(1)NOTE 21.

Due to the change in fair value of shares of Repsol, S.A., this amount was reclassified from OCI to profit or loss.

(2)

Represents the effect of valuation of the different subsidiaries of which the functional currency is different from the report currency.

(3)

Represents mainly notes receivable from the Mexican Government.

(4)

Represents unpaid interest accrued mainly from debt.INCOME TAXES AND DUTIES

NOTE 23. INCOME TAXES AND DUTIES

TheLey de Ingresos sobre Hidrocarburos (“Hydrocarbons Revenue Law”) was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on August 11, 2014, and came into effect, on January 1, 2015. The Hydrocarbons Revenue Law sets forth the fiscal regime for Petróleos Mexicanos applicable to the assignments and the contracts that were established on such date. Likewise, every year the Federal Revenue Law is published in the Official Gazette of the Federation and includes specific regulations for PetroleosPetróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities.

Tax regime applicable to Assignments

The tax regime applicable to the exploration and production for the assignments granted to PEMEX by the Mexican Government includes the following taxes and duties:

 

a.A.

Derecho por la Utilidad Compartida “DUC” (Profit-sharing Duty).

As of January 1, 2015, Pemex Exploration and Production is obligated to pay a Profit-sharing Duty.

As of January 1, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the applicable rate of this duty was 66.25%58% and 67.50%65%, respectively. The computation of this duty is based on the excess of the value of hydrocarbons produced during the fiscal year (including self-consumption, shrinkage and burning), minus certain permitted deductions by the Hydrocarbons Revenue Law, including part of the investments and some costs, expenses and duties. Pursuant to the Hydrocarbons Revenue Law, this duty has been decreased on an annual basis. As of January 1, 2019,2021, this duty was set at 65%54%.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

During 2018,2020, this duty totaledwas Ps. 443,294,170218,912,687 from annual payments presented on March 25, 201931, 2021 paid as follows: Ps. 443,785,240,153,292,899, in monthly installment payment and a tax credit of Ps. 65,000,000 and offset by a favorable balance of Ps. 149,715; resulting in a balance of Ps. 470,073 as of December 31, 2020.

During 2019, this duty was Ps. 343,242,476 from annual payments presented on March 10, 2020 paid as follows: Ps. 347,515,447, in monthly installment payments, andresulting in a payablefavorable balance amounting toof Ps. 491,070,4,272,971, presented in accounts receivable, net line item in the statement of financial position.

During 2017, this duty totaled Ps. 372,902,629 from annual payments presented on March 31, 2018Duties and income tax paid as follows:of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were Ps. 377,192,377, in monthly installment payments172,369,522, Ps. 347,515,447 and a favorable balance amounting to Ps. 4,289,748, presented in accounts receivable, net line item in the statement of financial position.443,785,240, respectively.

The accounting result differs from the tax result mainly due to differences in depreciation,non-deductible expenses and others. Such differences generate a deferred DUC.

Total DUC and other as of December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018 are integrated as follows:

 

  2018   2017   2016   2020   2019   2018 

DUC

  Ps. 443,294,170   Ps. 372,902,629   Ps. 304,299,019   Ps. 218,912,687   Ps. 343,242,476   Ps. 443,294,170 

Fiscal credit

   (65,000,000   —      —   

DUC from prior years

   14,883    2,095,429    —      —      (39   14,883 

Other

   446,464    260,775    514,356    —      —      446,464 

Deferred DUC expense (benefit)

   26,178,078    (37,214,624   (27,651,571

Deferred DUC expense

   696,449    29,570,063    26,178,078 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total DUC and other

  Ps.469,933,595   Ps.338,044,209   Ps.277,161,804   Ps. 154,609,136   Ps. 372,812,500   Ps. 469,933,595 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

The principal factors generating the deferred DUC are the following:

 

  2018   2017   2020   2019 

Deferred DUC asset:

        

Tax credits

  Ps. 577,278,473   Ps. 541,360,940   Ps. 572,796,156   Ps. 546,317,620 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Deferred DUC asset

   577,278,473    541,360,940 
  

 

   

 

 

Deferred Profit-sharing duty liability:

        

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   (288,913,978   (455,697,786   (208,999,954   (151,479,977
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Deferred DUC liability

   (288,913,978   (455,697,786
  

 

   

 

 

Deferret DUC asset net

   288,364,495    85,663,154 

Deferred DUC asset net

   363,796,202    394,837,643 

Unrecognized Deferred DUC

   (249,676,378   (20,796,959   (355,374,599   (385,719,589
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Net, deferred DUC asset

  Ps.38,688,117   Ps.64,866,195   Ps. 8,421,603   Ps. 9,118,054 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

The expected expense for DUC isin 2020 was different from that which would result from applying the 65%58.0% rate to the tax base, as a result of the line items mentioned below:in the tables below.

The expected expense for DUC in 2019 was different from that which would result from applying the 65.0% rate to the tax base, as a result of the line items mentioned in the next table.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

   2018   2017   2016 

Expected expense:

  Ps. 307,269,035   Ps. 127,436,912   Ps. 159,897,683 

Increase (decrease) resulting from:

      

Expected benefit contract

   (5,797,144   —      —   

Duties from prior year

   9,860    —      —   

Non-cumulative profit

   (593,158,584   (514,780,219   (423,761,673

Non-deductible expenses

   291,676,831    387,343,306    263,863,990 

Production value

   610,206,103    518,433,469    441,655,000 

Deductible duties

   (55,005,397   (39,503,110   (29,918,201

Deferred DUC reserve

   —      (48,689,612   69,486,571 

Deferred DUC expense

   26,178,078    —      —   

Deductions cap

   (111,906,534   (94,552,741   (204,575,922

DUC from prior years

   14,883    2,095,429    —   

Other

   446,464    260,775    514,356 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

DUC-Profit-sharing duty expense

  Ps.469,933,595   Ps.338,044,209   Ps.277,161,804 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   2020   2019   2018 

Expected (benefit) expense:

  Ps. (20,837,768  Ps. 43,432,712   Ps. 307,269,035 

Increase (decrease) resulting from:

      

Expected benefit contract

   (496,643   (4,948,542   (5,797,144

Duties from prior year

   —      (26   9,860 

Non-cumulative profit(1)

   (2,291,937,519   (1,130,442,995   (593,158,584

Non-deductible expenses(1)

   2,313,271,930    1,091,958,851    291,676,831 

Production value

   321,353,133    495,394,906    610,206,103 

Deductible duties

   (21,850,672   (39,891,325   (55,005,397

DUC tax credit(2)

   (65,000,000   —      —   

Deferred DUC expense

   696,449    29,570,063    26,178,078 

Deductions cap

   (80,589,774   (112,261,105   (111,906,534

DUC from prior years

   —      (39   14,883 

Other

   —      —      446,464 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

DUC-Profit-sharing duty expense

  Ps. 154,609,136   Ps. 372,812,500   Ps. 469,933,595 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

For 2020, fluctuations changes are included which have no effect on the determination of the DUC.

(2)

Corresponds to the tax credit granted by the Mexican Government on April 21, 2020.

On August 18, 2017, the Official Gazette of the Federation published a decree, granting tax benefits for extraction activities in assignments with mature and / or marginal fields, substantially increasing the percentage of costs, expenses and investments that PEMEX could deduct for purposes of calculating the DUC. As a result, PEMEX received a tax benefit of Ps. 11,170,0768,677,891 and Ps. 7,769,915,11,110,177, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and 2017, respectively. Beginning January 1, 2020, this decree was derogated.

On November 30, 2017,May 24, 2019, theAcuerdo por el que se reforman y adicionan diversas disposiciones de las Reglas de carácter general para definir los métodos de ajuste del valor de los hidrocarburos de los derechos sobre hidrocarburos (Agreement by which various provisions Official Gazette of the general rules are reformedFederation published a decree, granting tax benefits through the application of higher deduction limits on concepts such as costs, expenses and added to defineinvestments stated in the methodsHydrocarbons Revenue Law on the DUC assessment in assignments other than those applied in the previous paragraph. As a result, PEMEX received a tax benefit of adjustingPs. 17,110,177 as of December 31, 2019. Beginning January 1, 2020, this decree was derogated.

On April 21, 2020, the value of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon rights)wasMexican Government published a decree in the Official Gazette of the Federation, resulting in new calibrations and adjustments of existing formulas of calculating the value of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon rights. Asgranting a result, PEMEX received an estimated tax benefit for the amount of Ps. 8,854,391.65,000,000 to PEMEX, which resulted in a decrease of PEMEX’s DUC payments. The tax benefit was granted due to the weakened financial environment due to changes in economic and business conditions resulting from geopolitical and economic events and the global health emergency caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.

The compensation of Ps. 2,186,963 was also authorized forThis decrease in the recognitionProfit-sharing Duty is incremental to the one resulting from the decrease of the fair economic value of the investments affected as a result of the allocation process for assignmentsrate from 65% to carry out hydrocarbon exploration and extraction activities,58% in 2020 in accordance with amendments to the provisions of Transitory Article 21 of2020 Hydrocarbons Revenue Law.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the Federation Income Law of 2017.consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

b.B.

Derecho de Extracción de Hidrocarburos (Hydrocarbons Extraction Duty).

SHCP considers the effects of variations in the U.S. producer price index, or another alternative index, when it determines the rate to be published in the Official Gazette of the Federation.

This duty is to be calculated using a rate based on a formula applicable to each type of hydrocarbon, the volume of production and utilizing the relevant market price for hydrocarbons in U.S. Dollars.

During 20182020 Pemex Exploration and Production made payments of Ps. 83,027,015,37,673,573, which are included in the cost of sales line item.

 

c.C.

Derecho de Exploración de Hidrocarburos (Exploration Hydrocarbons Duty).

Pemex Exploration and Production as “assignee” must make monthly payments for this duty. The Mexican Government is entitled to collect a monthly payment of Ps.1,294.71rates for 2020 were 1,396.09 pesos per square kilometer ofnon-producing areas. After 60 months, this tax increases to Ps.3,096.043,338.46 pesos per square kilometer for each additional month that the area is not producing. These amounts will be updated on an annual basis in accordance with the national consumer price index.

During 2018,2020, Pemex Exploration and Production made payments under this duty, totaling Ps. 1,027,058,1,068,598, which are included in the cost of sales line item.

 

d.D.

Impuesto por la actividad de Exploración y Extracción de Hidrocarburos (Exploration and Extraction Hydrocarbons Duty).

The assignments granted by the Mexican Government create a tax on the exploration and extraction activities carried out in the corresponding area. The monthly tax paid during the exploration phase and until the extraction phase begins is Ps. 1,688.741,820.97 pesos per square kilometer. During the extraction phase theof a project, a monthly tax from the start of the extraction phase and7,283.92 pesos per square kilometer is payable until the relevant contract for exploration and extraction or assignment ends is Ps. 6,754.99 per square kilometer. terminated.

During 20182020 payments for this tax amounted Ps. 4,114,450,4,288,716, which are included in the cost of sales line item.

Tax Regime applicable to contracts:

As of January 1, 2015, the tax regime applicable to Pemex Exploration and Production for contracts is set forth in the Hydrocarbons Revenue lawLaw which regulates, among other things, the fiscal terms applicable to the exploration and extraction contracts (license, profit sharing contracts, production sharing and services) and sets duties and other taxes paid to the Mexican Government.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The Hydrocarbons Revenue Law also establishes the following duties applicable to PEMEX in connection with assignments granted to it by the Mexican Government:

 

  

Cuota Contractual para la Fase Exploratoria (Exploration Phase Contractual Fee)

During the exploration phase of an exploration and extraction contract, the Mexican Government is entitled to collect a monthly payment of Ps. 1,294.711,396.09 pesos per square kilometer ofnon-producing areas. After 60 months, this fee increases to Ps. 3,096.043,338.47 pesos per square kilometer for each additional month that the area is not producing. The fee amount will be updated on an annual basis in accordance with the national consumer price index.

 

  

Regalías (Royalties)

Royalty payments to the Mexican Government are determined based on the “contractual value” of the relevant hydrocarbons, which is based on a variety of factors, including the type of underlying hydrocarbons (e.g., crude oil, associated natural gas,non-associated natural gas or condensates), the volume of production and the market price. Royalties are payable in connection with licensing contracts, production-sharing contracts and profit-sharing contracts.

 

  

Pago del Valor Contractual (Contractual Value Payment)

Licensing contracts require a payment to the Mexican Government calculated as a percentage of the “contractual value” of the hydrocarbons produced, as determined by the SHCP on acontract-by-contract basis.

 

  

Porcentaje a la Utilidad Operativa (Operating Profit Payment)

Production-sharing contracts and profit-sharing contracts require a payment equivalent to a specified percentage of operating profits. In the case of production-sharing contracts, this payment shall be madein-kind through delivery of the hydrocarbons produced. In the case of profit-sharing contracts, this payment shall be made in cash.

 

  

Bono a la Firma (Signing Bonus)

Upon execution of a licensing contract, a signing bonus is to be paid to the Mexican Government in an amount specified by the SHCP in the relevant bidding terms and conditions or in the contracts resulting from a migration.

 

  

Impuesto por la actividad de Exploración y Extracción de Hidrocarburos (Hydrocarbons Exploration and Extraction Activities Tax)

Contracts for exploration and extraction granted by the Mexican Government will include a specified tax on the exploration and extraction activities carried out in the relevant area. AThe monthly tax of Ps. 1,688.74 per square kilometer is payablepaid during the exploration phase and until the extraction phase begins.begins is 1,820.97 pesos per square kilometer. During the extraction phase of a project, a monthly tax of Ps. 6,754.997,283.92 pesos per square kilometer is payable from the starting date until the relevant contract for exploration and extraction or assignment is terminated. During 2020 payments for this tax amounted Ps. 204,293.

Other applicable taxes

The Subsidiary Entities are subject to the Income Tax Law and the Value Added Tax Law. Pemex Industrial Transformation is also subject to the Special Tax on Production and Services (IEPS Tax).

2018

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

2020 indirect taxes are as listed below:

 

a.A.

IEPS Tax

IEPS Sobre la Venta de los Combustibles Automotrices (IEPS Tax on the saleSale of automotive fuels:Automotive Fuels): This tax is a tax imposedfee on domestic sales of automotive fuels, including gasoline and diesel, whichdiesel. Pemex Industrial Transformation collects the fee on behalf of the Mexican Government. The applicable quotasfees for 2018 were: 4.59this tax are Ps. 4.95 per liter of gasoline with an octane rating lower than 91; 4.18 pesos per liter of Magna gasoline; 3.88 pesos per liter of Premium gasoline with an octane rating greater than or equal to 91 and 5.045.44 pesos per liter of diesel. ThisThe amount of the fee will depend on the class of fuel. The fee is updated annually according to inflationfixed yearly and adjusted monthlyon a weekly basis by the tax authorities.SHCP. The fees apply to sales in Mexico and imports.

IEPS Beneficio de Entidades Federativas, Municipios y Demarcaciones Territoriales (IEPS Tax to benefit Mexican statesin Favor of States, Municipalities and municipalities:Territories): This tax is a quotafee on domestic sales of automotive fuels, including gasoline and diesel, whichdiesel. Pemex Industrial Transformation collects the fee on behalf of the Mexican Government. The applicable quotasfees for 2018 were 40.52this tax are 43.69 cents per liter of Magna gasoline 49.44with an octane rating of less than 91, 53.31 cents per liter of premium gasoline with an octane rating greater than or equal to 91 and 33.6336.26 cents per liter of diesel. This rate is updated annuallyThese fees change yearly in accordance with inflation. The funds raisedFunds gathered by this quotafee are allocated to theMexican states and municipalities as provided for in the TaxLey de Coordinación Fiscal (Tax Coordination Law.Law). The fees only apply to sales in Mexico and are not subject to VAT.

IEPS a los Combustibles Fósiles (IEPS Tax on Fossil Fuels:Fuels): This tax is a quotafee on the internaldomestic sales of fossil fuels, whichfuels. Pemex Industrial Transformation collects the fee on behalf of the Mexican Government. The applicable quotasfees for 2018 were 6.93this tax are 7.48 cents per liter forof propane, 8.989.68 cents per liter forof butane, 12.1713.12 cents per liter for jetof gasoline and otheraviation fuel, 14.5415.67 cents per liter for turbosineof jet fuel and other kerosene, 14.7615.92 cents per liter forof diesel, 15.7616.99 cents per liter forof fuel oil, Ps. 19.72 per ton of petroleum coke, Ps. 46.23 per ton of coal coke, Ps. 34.81 per ton of mineral carbon and Ps. 18.2950.32 per ton for petroleum coke. This rate is updated annually accordingof carbon from other fossil fuels. These fees change yearly in accordance with inflation and apply to inflation.imports to Mexico.

 

b.B.

Value AddedValue-Added Tax (“VAT(“VAT”)

For VAT purposes, final monthly payments are determined based on PEMEX’s cash flow, in accordance with the provisions of the Value Added Tax Law, applicable to payers of this tax. The general rate to be applied is 16%. Certain activities with incentives will have the rate of 0%.

The Beginning on January 1, 2019, a new Decree of fiscal incentives began to apply to the northern border region, which consisted of a credit equivalent to 50% of the general rate, applicable directly at the time of the sale or service. This incentive is applicable in 6 states in the northern border region and includes 43 municipalities in those states.

Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Entities apply this tax benefit to the operations they carry out within the municipalities of the States included in the Decree.

VAT is caused byapplied to the salessale of goods, the rendering of services, the granting of the temporary use of goods in the national territory and by the importation of goods and services to the national territory. VAT taxpayers transfer VAT to their customers and are entitled to credit the VAT paid to their suppliers and on their imports. The net balance between VAT transferred to customers and paid to suppliers and on imports results each month in the VAT to be paid to the tax authorities or in an amount in favor of the taxpayer. The taxpayer has the right to credit VAT in favor against VAT payable in future months, to request a refund or to offset it against other payable federal taxes.

Taxes on Income are described below:

 

c.C.

Income Tax

As of January 1, 2015, Petróleos Mexicanos, the Subsidiary Entities and the subsidiary companiesSubsidiary Companies residing in Mexico for tax purposes are subject to the Income Tax Law.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

This tax is calculated by applying a rate of 30% to the tax result. Tax result is the excess of total revenues over the allowed deductions and tax losses from previous years.

Accounting income differs from taxable income primarily due to the effects of inflation and differences between depreciation and othernon-deductible expenses.

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, PetroleosPetróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Companies incurred the following income tax expense (benefit):

 

   2018   2017   2016 

Current income tax

  Ps.3,109,971   Ps.3,546,912   Ps.6,201,842 

Deferred income tax

   (11,465,343   (9,334,064   (18,842,211
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ps. (8,355,372  Ps. (5,787,152  Ps. (12,640,369
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax REFIPRE (Preferent Fiscal Regime) from PMH HBV dividends

  Ps.—     Ps.722,984   Ps.—   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

   2020   2019   2018 

Current income tax

  Ps.5,370,822   Ps.4,247,998   Ps.3,109,971 

Deferred income tax

   25,592,117    (33,237,009   (11,465,343
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expense (benefit) income tax, net

  Ps. 30,962,939   Ps. (28,989,011  Ps.(8,355,372
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017, the deferred income tax asset net of Pemex Industrial Transformation and2019, Pemex Exploration and Production hasand Pemex Industrial Transformation did not been recognized because it is estimatedrecognize deferred income assets of Ps. 743,263,723 and Ps. 647,629,937, respectively, due to their expectation that not enough taxablefuture tax income will not correspond to such benefits. These amounts are mainly from fiscal losses to be generated in future periods.amortized amounting with an expiration year from 2026 to 2031.

   Tax effect 
   2018   2017 

Assets

    

Provisions

   Ps.161,103,132    Ps. 86,967,057 

Well, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   17,825,338    —   

Tax loss carryforwards

   489,166,032    566,055,701 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   Ps.668,094,502    Ps.653,022,758 

Liabilites

    

Well, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   Ps.159,942,782    Ps.152,028,015 

Other

   1,072,383    429,818 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   161,015,165    152,457,833 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets, net

   Ps.507,079,337    Ps.500,564,925 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The principal factors generating the deferred income tax are the following:

 

   2017   Recognized in
profit and loss
   Recognized
in OCI
   2018 

Deferred income tax asset:

        

Provisions

  Ps.7,110,665   Ps.1,726,028   Ps.—     Ps.8,836,693 

Employee benefits provision

   47,086,457    2,181,696    (8,953,404   40,314,749 

Advance payments from clients

   42,208    (6,401   —      35,807 

Accrued liabilities

   744,865    (133,213   —      611,652 

Reserve due to depreciation of inventories

   —      982,228    —      982,228 

Non-recoverable accounts receivable

   739,748    24,176    —      763,924 

Derivative financial instruments

   79,255    (49,581   —      29,674 

Wells, pipelines, properties and equipment

   3,990,113    7,872,663    —      11,862,776 

Tax loss carryforwards(1)

   21,532,979    (873,869   —      20,659,110 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred income tax asset

   81,326,290    11,723,727    (8,953,404   84,096,613 

Deferred income tax liability:

        

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   (3,443,618   813,021    —      (2,630,597

Other

   (810,310   (1,071,405   —      (1,881,715
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred income tax liability

   (4,253,928   (258,384   —      (4,512,312
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net long-term deferred income tax liability

  Ps.77,072,362   Ps.11,465,343   Ps.(8,953,404  Ps.79,584,301 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   2016   Recognized in
profit and loss
   Recognized
in OCI
   2017 

Deferred income tax asset:

        

Provisions

  Ps.4,626,602   Ps.2,484,063   Ps.—      7,110,665 

Employee benefits provision

   44,859,222    3,027,519    (800,284   47,086,457 

Advance payments from clients

   30,324    11,884    —      42,208 

Accrued liabilities

   2,198,664    (1,453,799   —      744,865 

Non-recoverable accounts receivable

   778,179    (38,431   —      739,748 

Derivative financial instruments

   223,518    (144,263   —      79,255 

Wells, pipelines, properties and equipment

   1,390,952    2,599,161    —      3,990,113 

Tax loss carry-forwards(1)

   18,565,657    2,967,322    —      21,532,979 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred income tax asset

   72,673,118    9,453,456    (800,284   81,326,290 

Deferred income tax liability:

        

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   (3,632,294   188,676    —      (3,443,618

Other

   (502,242   (308,068   —      (810,310
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred income tax liability

   (4,134,536   (119,392   —      (4,253,928
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net long-term deferred income tax liability

  Ps.68,538,582   Ps.9,334,064   Ps.(800,284  Ps.77,072,362 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
      2019   Recognized in
profit and loss
   Recognized
in OCI
   2020 

Deferred income tax asset:

          

Provisions

  Ps.   8,880,184    39,371    —      8,919,555 

Employee benefits provision

     68,290,356    4,451,358    (1,100,733   71,640,981 

Advance payments from clients

     305,000    (116,717   —      188,283 

Accrued liabilities

     2,101,011    (419,649   —      1,681,362 

Reserve due to depreciation of inventories

     189,751    (189,751   —      —   

Non-recoverable accounts receivable

     709,328    (606,893   —      102,435 

Derivative financial instruments

     136,260    (94,525   —      41,735 

Wells, pipelines, properties and equipment

     8,071,570    (2,919,947   —      5,151,623 

Tax loss carry-forwards(1)

     38,427,643    (25,999,985   —      12,427,658 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred income tax asset

     127,111,103    (25,856,738   (1,100,733   100,153,632 

Deferred income tax liability:

          

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

     (1,614,704   512,872    —      (1,101,832

Other

     (2,062,031   (248,251   —      (2,310,282
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred income tax liability

     (3,676,735   264,621    —      (3,412,114
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net long-term deferred income tax asset

  Ps.   123,434,368    (25,592,117   (1,100,733   96,741,518 
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

   2018   Recognized in
profit and loss
   Recognized
in OCI
   2019 

Deferred income tax asset:

        

Provisions

  Ps.8,836,693   Ps.43,491   Ps.—     Ps.8,880,184 

Employee benefits provision

   40,314,749    17,362,550    10,613,057    68,290,356 

Advance payments from clients

   35,807    269,193    —      305,000 

Accrued liabilities

   611,652    1,489,359    —      2,101,011 

Reserve due to depreciation of inventories

   982,228    (792,477   —      189,751 

Non-recoverable accounts receivable

   763,924    (54,596   —      709,328 

Derivative financial instruments

   29,674    106,586    —      136,260 

Wells, pipelines, properties and equipment

   11,862,776    (3,791,206   —      8,071,570 

Tax loss carry-forwards(1)

   20,659,110    17,768,533    —      38,427,643 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred income tax asset

   84,096,613    32,401,433    10,613,057    127,111,103 

Deferred income tax liability:

        

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   (2,630,597   1,015,893    —      (1,614,704

Other

   (1,881,715   (180,316   —      (2,062,031
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred income tax liability

   (4,512,312   835,577    —      (3,676,735
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net long-term deferred income tax asset

  Ps.79,584,301   Ps.33,237,010   Ps.10,613,057   Ps.123,434,368 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

Tax loss carryforwards expire in 2028.2030.

Expense attributable to the profit (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes was different from that which would result from applying the 30% rate to profit, as a result of the items listed below:

 

   For the years ended December 31, 
   2018   2017   2016 

Expected income tax expense

  Ps.(41,316,168  Ps.(20,055,588  Ps.(14,901,324

Increase (decrease) resulting from:

      

Tax effect ofinflation-net

   11,742,346    14,302,118    8,098,213 

Difference between accounting and tax depreciation

   (3,359,548   (3,713,920   (1,765,183

Unrecognized Deferred tax asset(1)

   21,885,731     

Non-deductible expenses

   1,781,012    1,954,659    1,558,120 

Others-net

   911,255    1,725,579    (5,630,195
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense

  Ps.(8,355,372  Ps.(5,787,152  Ps.(12,640,369
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
   For the years ended December 31, 
   2020   2019   2018 

Expected income tax expense

  Ps. 28,835,256   Ps.    3,707,023   Ps.(41,316,168

Increase (decrease) resulting from:

      

Tax effect of inflation-net

   5,694,637    6,487,844    11,742,346 

Fiscal updating of pipelines, properties and equipment

   (161,883   (5,290,734   (3,359,548

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Unrecognized Deferred tax asset(1)

   —      —      21,885,731 

Cancellation of tax credits

   —      (24,189,922   —   

Retirement benefits

   (8,206,693   (10,698,848   —   

Non-deductible expenses

   2,405,635    4,826,745    1,781,012 

Others-net

   2,395,987    (3,831,120   911,255 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit), net

  Ps.30,962,939   Ps.(28,989,012  Ps.(8,355,372
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Deferred incomeDue to the fact that the circumstances to evaluate the recovery of the tax assets of Ps. 21,885,731 arisingbenefit from outstandingpending tax losses which expire between 2025 and 2018 have not been recognized since there are unlikely to be future tax gains which would allowamortized in Pemex Logistcs to use the benefits.Logistics improved in 2019, a deferred asset was recognized.

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the net accumulated effect of actuarial gains and losses on deferred tax was Ps. 8,734,62818,246,952 and Ps. 17,688,032,19,347,685, respectively. In addition, as of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the deferred tax effect of actuarial gains and losses is presented in comprehensive (loss) income in the amounts of Ps. (8,953,404)(1,100,733) and Ps. (800,824),Ps.10,613,057, respectively.

NOTE 24. EQUITY (DEFICIT)

 

NOTE 22.

EQUITY (DEFICIT)

a.A.

Certificates of Contribution “A”

The capitalization agreement between Petróleos Mexicanos and the Mexican Government states that the Certificates of Contribution “A” constitute permanent capital.

On December 24, 2015,August 5, 2016, the Mexican Government through the SHCP, issued Ps. 184,230,586 in exchange for a Ps. 50,000,000 non-negotiable promissory note in favor of Ps. 50,000,000 duePetróleos Mexicanos on December 31, 205024, 2015, for the assumption by the Mexican Government of the payment obligations related to pensions and retirement plans of Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Entities (see Note17-A).

On April 21, 2016, the Mexican Government made an equity contribution to Petróleos Mexicanos in the amount of Ps. 26,500,000 following the guidelines established in the Federal Budget and Fiscal Responsibility. This contribution was recognized as an increase in Certificates of Contribution “A.”

On August 3, 2016, the Mexican Government issued Ps. 184,230,586 in exchange for the Ps. 50,000,000non-negotiable promissory note issued to Petróleos Mexicanos on December 24, 2015, which was recognized as a Ps. 135,439,612 increase in equity. The Ps. 135,439,612 increase in equity was the result of the Ps. 184,230,586 value of the promissory notes as of June 29, 2016, minus the Ps. 50,000,000

promissory note received by Petróleos Mexicanos on December 24, 2015, plus a Ps. 1,209,026 increase in the value of the promissory notes from June 29, 2016 to August 15, 2016, the date on which Petróleos Mexicanos received the promissory notes (see Note17-A)15-A).

On September 11, 2019, Petróleos Mexicanos received Ps. 122,131,000 in Certificates of Contribution “A” from the Mexican Government to help improve PEMEX’s financial position.

During 2020, Petróleos Mexicanos received Ps. 46,256,000 in Certificates of Contribution “A” from the Mexican Government to help improve PEMEX’s financial position.

PEMEX’s Certificates of Contribution “A” are as follows:

 

   Amount 

Certificates of Contribution “A” as of December 31, 20162018

  Ps.Ps. 356,544,447 

Increase in Certificates of Contribution “A” during 20172019

   —  122,131,000 
  

 

 

 

Certificates of Contribution “A” as of December 31, 20172019

  Ps.356,544,447478,675,447 

Increase in Certificates of Contribution “A” during 20182020

   —  

46,256,000
 

Certificates of Contribution “A” as of December 31, 20182020

  Ps. 356,544,447 

524,931,447
 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

b.B.

Mexican Government contributions

As of December 31, 2018During 2020 and 20172019 there were no Mexican Government contibutions.contributions apart from Certificates of Contribution “A”.

 

c.C.

Legal reserve

Under Mexican law, each of the Subsidiary Companies is required to allocate a certain percentage of its net income to a legal reserve fund until the fund reaches an amount equal to a certain percentage of each Subsidiary Company’s capital stock.

As of December 31, 2018During 2020 and 2017,2019, there were no changes to the legal reserve.

 

D.

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

As a result of the discount rate analysis related to employee benefits liability, for the periods ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 PEMEX recognized net actuarial losses in other comprehensive income (loss) net of deferred income tax for Ps. (19,178,587) and Ps (309,334,500), respectively, related to retirement and post-employment benefits as a result of a decrease in the discount rates. The variation related to retirement and post-employment benefits was the result of a decrease in the discount and return on plan assets rates from 7.53% as of December 31, 2019 to 7.08% as of December 31, 2020.

d.E.

Accumulated deficit from prior years

PEMEX has recorded negative earnings in the past several years. However, theLey de Concursos Mercantiles (“Commercial Bankruptcy Law of Mexico”) is not applicable to Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities. Furthermore, the financing agreements to which PEMEX is a party do not provide for financial covenants that would be breached or events of default that would be triggered as a consequence of negative equity.

 

e.F.

Uncertainty related to Goinggoing concern

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that PEMEX can meet its payment obligationsbasis.

Facts and conditions

PEMEX has recognized continuous net losses during 2018, 2017 and 2016 of Ps. 180,419,837 Ps. 280,850,619 and Ps. 191,144,342, respectively. Additionally, PEMEX had a negative equity of Ps. 1,459,405,432 and Ps. 1,502,352,385 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, mainly due to continuous net losses; and a negative working capital of Ps. 54,666,333 and Ps. 25,600,895, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

PEMEX also has importantsubstantial debt, contractedincurred mainly to finance investmentsthe capital expenditures needed to carry out its operations.capital investment projects and to fund its operating expenses. Due to its heavy fiscal burden resulting from the payment of hydrocarbon extraction duties and other taxes, the cash flowflows derived from PEMEX’s operations in recent years hashave not been sufficient to fund its operatingoperations and investment costs and other expenses, so that itscapital expenditure programs. As a result, PEMEX’s indebtedness has increased significantly, and its working capital has decreaseddeteriorated. In recent years, PEMEX’s level of indebtedness relative to its oil reserves has increased substantially. Additionally, the significant crude oil price drop, which started in partMarch 2020, PEMEX’s continued heavy tax burden, increased competition from the private sector and the negative economic impact as a result of the dropcurrent global health crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic have negatively impacted PEMEX´s financial performance (see Note 28). PEMEX’s 2020 revenues decreased both from the decline in crude oil prices that began atand from the enddecrease in the demand of 2014petroleum products.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the subsequent oil price fluctuation.

consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Additionally, at the beginning of 2019, some rating

In March and April 2020, certain ratings agencies downgraded PEMEX’s credit rating, whichrating. Most recent credit downgrades have been mainly driven by the effects of Covid-19 and the associated reduced economic activity, as well the low crude oil prices and the downgrade of the Mexican Government’s sovereign debt rating. These downgrades could have an impact on PEMEX´s access to the financial markets, the cost and terms of PEMEX’s new debt as well asand contract renegotiations that PEMEX may carry out during 2019.2021 and 2022. (see Note 16).

All these matters show the existenceDuring 2020, 2019 and 2018, PEMEX recognized a net loss of substantial doubt about PEMEX’s abilityPs. 509,052,065, Ps. 282,112,024 and Ps. 180,419,837, respectively. In addition, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, PEMEX had a negative equity of Ps. 2,404,727,030 and Ps. 1,931,409,302, respectively, mainly due to continuecontinuous net losses, and a negative working capital of Ps. 442,550,332 and Ps. 209,168,587, as a going concern.of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

PEMEX has budget autonomy, and, in public finance terms, is subject to the cash flows financial balance whichgoals approved in the Decreto de Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federación (“Federal Expenditure Budget Decree”). This represents the difference between its incomegross revenues (inflows) and its total budgeted expenditures (outflows) including the financial cost of its debt, which is proposed by the SHCP and approved by the Mexican Congress in the Federal Budget for 2019.

Cámara de Diputados (“Chamber of Deputies”). The Federal Budget for 2019 estimates that PEMEX’s budgeted expenditures2021 authorized PEMEX to have a budget deficit of Ps. 589,736,649 will exceed budgeted revenues92,687,000. This shortfall does not consider payments of principal of PEMEX´s debt due in 2021.

PEMEX has short-term debt principal maturities (including interest payable) of Ps. 524,291,649391,097,267, as of December 31, 2020.

The combined effect of the above-mentioned events indicates the existence of significant doubt about PEMEX’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Actions-

PEMEX and the Mexican Government are carrying out the following actions, among others, to preserve liquidity:

PEMEX was granted a tax credit applicable to the Profit-sharing Duty of up to Ps. 73,280,000 pursuant to the presidential decree of the Mexican Government of February 19, 2021 (see note 28). As of March 31, 2020, PEMEX has applied Ps. 18,320,000 of this tax credit.

It is expected that PEMEX will receive scheduled equity contributions from the Mexican Government during 2021, through the Ministry of Energy for Ps. 96,720,000, of which as of May 7, 2021 Ps. 64,124,000, have been received. The resources from these contributions will be used for short-term maturities of long-term debt will not affect PEMEX’s compliance with its financial balance goal established for 2021 (see Note 28).

It is expected that PEMEX will be subject to a lower tax burden in 2021, since the share-profit duty decreased to 54% in 2021 from 58% in 2020.

PEMEX has Ps. 190,604,990 (U.S. $7,700,000 and Ps. 37,000,000) in available credit lines in order to provide liquidity, if necessary. As of December 31, 2020, PEMEX had used Ps. 71,815,320 (U.S. $3,600,000 of its lines of credit denominated in U.S. dollars) and had a total availability of Ps. 74,902,530 (U.S. $1,900,000 and Ps. 37,000,000) remaining under its credit lines.

Revenues from alternative financing mechanisms that do not constitute public debt.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

In addition, PEMEX may raise funds from the markets in accordance with prevailing conditions, to refinance its debt. Further, PEMEX has the capacity to refinance its short-term debt maturities through direct loans and revolving credit facilities and loans guaranteed by Ps. 65,445,000. export credit agencies. PEMEX also established in conjunction with development and commercial banks Cadenas Productivas PEMEX Plus (Productive Chains Plus Program) to aid for the payment to suppliers and contractors.

The Federal BudgetLey de Ingresos de la Federación para el Ejercicio Fiscal de 2021 (“Revenue Law for 20192021”) also authorized PEMEX a net additional indebtedness up to Ps. 112,800,000 to cover its negative financial balance,42,100,000 (Ps. 22,000,000 and U.S. 1,000,000), which is considered as public debt by the Mexican Government.Government and may be used to partially cover its negative financial balance. In accordance with the Revenue Law for 2021, crude oil revenues between 42.12 and up to 44.12 U.S. dollars per barrel will be directed to improve PEMEX´s financial balance goal for 2021 and revenues above 44.12 U.S. dollars per barrel may be used for operating expenses and capital expenditures.

On February 26, 2019,PEMEX reviews and aligns its capital expenditures portfolio in accordance with updated economic assumptions on a periodic basis and giving priority to those projects which increase production in an efficient manner and at the lowest cost.

Further, on March 22, 2021, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos authorizedapproved the Annual Operational and Financial Work Program (POFAT), which detailed the operational variables in the drilling, extraction and industrial transformation segments, as well as its projection of financial results based on the budget for Petróleos Mexicanos and its productive state-owned subsidiaries, through the Federal Annual Budget for Fiscal Year 2019. The credit profilebusiness plan of Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Productive Companies was authorized onfor 2021-2025 (the “2021-2025 Business Plan”). For further information about the same date.2021-2025 Business Plan, see Note 28-G.

PEMEX, in collaboration with the Mexican Government intends to meet its working capital needs and debt payment obligations by implementing a new business strategy focused on the financial strengtheningPrices of PEMEX through internal measures such as cost control austerity policies, debt reduction, crude oil, hedgesnatural gas and the fight against fuel theft, as well as external measures, through thePrograma de Fortalecimientode Petróleos Mexicanos (Strengthening Program for Petroleos Mexicanos or the “Strengthening Program), through which the Mexican Government is expectedpetroleum products have begun to support PEMEX through capitalizations, a stable price policy, fiscal support, prepayment of promissory notes to PEMEX previously issued by the Mexican Government and additional supportrecover in the fight against fuel theft.

On February 15, 2019, theMexican Government announced, as partfirst months of its Strengthening Program for Petróleos Mexicanos, a support program2021, and economic activity has begun to help improve PEMEX´s financial position and increase PEMEX’s production and, in turn, its profitability. This first stage includes contributions to PEMEX, which will be obtained, among others, as follows:increase.

Ps. 25,000,000 through a capitalization already contemplated in the capital expenditures budget for 2019, which will be received in five payments during 2019, and of which a total of Ps. 15,000,000 has been received as of the date of the issuance of these consolidated financial statements (see Note 30);

an advance of payment of promissory notes during 2019 in the amount of Ps. 34,887,250, related to pensions and retirement plans of Petróleos Mexicanos and its productive state-owned subsidiaries, for which Ps. 28,063,511 have been received as of the date of these consolidated financial statements (see Note 30); and

a gradual reduction of the tax burden starting in 2019 and up to 2024 through assignment and migration contracts and a subsequent increase in the limit for deduction and reimbursments of costs, expenses and investments related to extraction and exploration projects.

Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Entities are not subject to the Ley de Concursos Mercantiles (theCommercial Bankruptcy Law)Law of Mexico and none of PEMEX’s existing financing agreements include any clausefinancial covenants that could lead to the demand for immediate payment of its debt due to having negative equity or as a result of non-compliance with financial ratios.

PEMEX prepared its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 on a going concern basis. There are certain conditions that have generated important uncertainty and significant doubts concerning the entity’s ability to continue operating, including recurring net losses, negative working capital and negative equity. These financial statements do not contain any adjustments that would be required if they were not prepared on a going concern basis.

 

f.G.

Non-controlling interest

Effective July 1, 2005, PEMEX entered into an option agreement with BNP Private Bank & Trust Cayman Limited; the option was not excercised and was terminated on July 20, 2015. On July 1, 2015, PEMEX also entered into a new option agreement with SML Trustees Limited to acquire 100% of the shares of Pemex Finance, Ltd, which allows PEMEX to have control over Pemex Finance Ltd. because of the potential voting rights. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements the option agreement has been exercised.

Until November 30, 2018, the financial results of Pemex Finance, Ltd. were included in the consolidated financial statements of PEMEX. Under IFRS, variations in income and equity from Pemex Finance, Ltd. were presented in the consolidated statements of changes in equity (deficit), net as“non-controlling interest”, and as net income and comprehensive income for the year, attributable tonon-controlling interest, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, due to the fact that PEMEX did not own any of the shares of Pemex Finance, Ltd.

On December 17, 2018, PEMEX exercised its option to purchase all shares of Pemex Finance Ltd., and as of December 31, 2018, this company is no longer presented as a“non-controlling interest”.

Similarly, because PEMEX does not currently own all of the shares of PMI CIM HJ BARRERAS and COMESA, variations in income and equity from these entities are also presented in the consolidated statements of changes in equity (deficit) as“non-controlling interest.”

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Until April 2020, the non-controlling interest in HJ BARRERAS was also presented. In May 2020, PMI HBV, a majority shareholder of HJ BARRERAS, transferred to Cruise Yacht Yard Co, Ltd, a company belonging to the acquirer of the vessel under construction by HJ BARRERAS, the corporate and economic rights derived from its 51.0 % of shareholding in HJ BARRERAS, through the conclusion of various contracts (i) of usufruct of shares, and (ii) shares purchase and share sale options, in exchange for a net amount of € 5,100 (Ps. 134,716). To ensure that PMI HBV did not pay the penalty arising from a guarantee granted by HJ BARRERAS shareholders, Cruise Yacht Yard Co, Ltd, assumed payment of the latter and its value was included in the total price of the assets (advance amounts) amounting to € 8,400.

PMI HBV’s payment of the guarantee gave a right of recovery that becomes a participatory loan for HJ BARRERAS. As of the payment, the expiration period of the options for the purchase and sale of the shares between the two parties may take place on January 1, 2022, or earlier when the construction of that vessel is completed.

Therefore, as of May 2020, PMI HBV. does not maintain control over HJ BARRERAS and Petróleos Mexicanos does not consolidate HJ BARRERAS’ financial information in its financial statements.

As of April 30, 2020, HJ BARRERAS’ total assets amounted to Ps.1,558,000; total liabilities amounted to Ps. 2,945,300, respectively; and negative capital (of which 49.0% corresponded to non-controlling interest) amounted to Ps. 1,387,300. The negative capital amount as of April 30, 2020 included Ps. 224,500 of losses generated by HJ BARRERAS during the period from January 1 to April 30, 2020 (of which 49.0% corresponded to the non-controlling interest). This operation resulted in a profit in the consolidated income statement of Ps. 833,038.

On July 31, 2020, Cruise Yacht Yard Co, Ltd exercised its purchase and sale option.

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, non-controlling interest represented gainslosses of Ps. 477,118369,692 and Ps.965,107,Ps. 141,793, respectively, in PEMEX’s equity (deficit).

NOTE 25.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 23.

COST AND EXPENSES BY NATURE

Cost and expenses by nature for each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, was as follows:

 

  2018   2017   2016   2020   2019   2018 

Purchases

  Ps.756,867,203   Ps.581,355,161   Ps.430,813,337   Ps. 386,040,047    Ps. 600,657,759    Ps. 756,867,203 

Depreciation and amortization

   153,382,040    156,704,513    150,439,491 

Depreciation of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment, depreciation of rights of use and amortization of intangible assets

   137,398,830    145,159,657    153,382,040 

Net periodic cost of employee benefits

   114,621,614    108,073,075    109,738,416    128,808,540    116,176,949    114,621,614 

Personnel services

   104,284,007    94,470,130    84,414,593    103,044,657    101,252,318    104,284,007 

Conservation and maintenance

   69,939,632    65,640,388    48,562,536 

Exploration and Extraction Hydrocarbons Duty and taxes

   88,145,519    63,900,374    48,424,861    43,593,642    67,106,181    88,145,519 

Maintenance

   42,075,043    40,224,754    45,390,282 

Non-operating losses(1)

   39,439,107    22,945,447    9,091,870 

Other operation costs and expenses

   25,031,177    12,711,674    16,672,534 

Unsuccessful wells

   22,269,583    79,595,185    15,443,086 

Raw materials and spare parts

   18,381,313    22,729,422    16,850,075 

Auxiliary services with third-parties

   23,675,019    21,924,327    25,471,260    15,901,982    19,492,638    23,675,019 

Raw materials and spare parts

   16,850,075    19,165,103    6,970,433 

Other operating costs and expenses

   16,672,534    1,755,170    25,102,485 

Unsuccessful wells

   15,443,086    6,164,624    29,106,084 

Other operation taxes and duties

   12,180,579    12,764,473    12,248,474 

Exploration expenses

   13,048,078    6,562,463    4,585,859    6,732,689    10,942,558    13,048,078 

Other operation taxes and duties

   12,248,474    9,900,726    10,066,528 

Insurance

   6,068,497    5,821,020    5,647,101 

Integrated Contracts

   8,015,606    15,378,544    4,551,876    5,275,946    9,947,983    8,015,606 

Leases

   6,487,493    7,786,282    6,482,902 

Insurance

   5,647,101    4,948,610    4,759,016 

Losses from fuels subtraction (1)

   4,279,542    4,644,846    39,439,107 

Freight

   3,525,843    10,317,132    14,452,296    3,426,079    3,197,421    3,525,843 

Inventory variations

   (62,237,591   (25,542,431   (6,154,595   2,572,641    1,063,678    (62,237,591
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total cost of sales and general expenses

  Ps. 1,358,190,251   Ps.1,146,034,004   Ps. 1,003,706,994   Ps.990,945,376   Ps.1,275,588,157   Ps.1,358,190,251 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

(1)

In accordance with Resolution RES / 179/2017, issued by the ERC,non-operatingCRE, losses from fuels subtraction are losses outside the scope of the contemplated operating costs as a result of various illicit actions, including the theft of and illicit market in fuels.

Pemex Logistics is responsible for distributing hydrocarbons through the pipelines and for the received products, preserving their quality and delivering them from the point of reception to the user at the point of destination. Pemex Logistics determines the volume of missing hydrocarbons through monthly calculations.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

NOTE 26. OTHER REVENUES ANDEXPENSES-NETNotes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

NOTE 24.

OTHER REVENUES AND OTHER EXPENSES

Other revenues andexpenses-net for each of the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 2016,2018, was as follows:

 

   2018   2017   2016 

Participation rights(1)

  Ps.14,165,042   Ps.—     Ps.—   

Other

   7,525,714    4,277,207    14,228,801 

Claims recovery

   3,979,698    16,386,250    3,695,217 

Revenues from reinsurance premiums

   3,615,907    1,986,568    3,694,026 

Other income for services

   3,786,253    4,720,546    4,266,854 

Sale of fixed assets by bidding(2)

   3,301,653    —      —   

Gain on sale of fixed assets

   1,850,052      2,687,652 

Price of sale share

   1,262,987    3,139,103    22,684,736 

Franchise fees

   1,125,339    917,934    1,059,333 

Bidding terms, sanctions, penalties and other

   630,365    825,956    3,223,437 

Cash distributions

   274,621    —      —   

Fiscal support (Profit-sharing duty)(3)

   —      —      28,439,379 

Assets value transferred to CENAGAS

   —      —      7,450,931 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other revenues

  Ps.41,517,631   Ps.32,253,564   Ps.91,430,366 

Transportation and distribution of natural gas

  Ps. (12,600,191  Ps.(8,447,031  Ps.(2,140,943

Other

   (5,348,666   (7,927,150   (3,581,036

Claims

   (474,299   (3,640,036   (4,757,116

Transportation and distribution of natural gas

   (41,964   (6,652,878   (8,830,967

Loss in the sale of associates

   —      (412,393   (7,473,698

Loss in the Assets value transferred to CENAGAS

   —      —      (35,333,411

Impairment of goodwill

   —      —      (4,007,018

Services provided

   —      —      (2,656,571
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other expenses

  Ps. (18,465,120  Ps. (27,079,488  Ps. (68,780,760
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other revenues and expenses, net

  Ps.23,052,511   Ps.5,174,076   Ps.22,649,606 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
a)

Other revenues

   2020   2019   2018 

Other

  Ps.    3,551,636   Ps.    3,418,551   Ps.  7,525,714 

Revenues from reinsurance premiums

   2,534,466    4,869,266      3,615,907 

Other income for services

   2,420,939    1,994,572    3,786,253 

Claims recovery

   1,515,295    2,687,258    3,979,698 

Bidding terms, sanctions, penalties and other

   1,170,632    1,503,437    630,365 

Franchise fees

   494,785    389,730    1,125,339 

Gain on sale of fixed assets

   50,215    77,633    1,850,052 

Participation rights(1)

   30,878    —      14,165,042 

Sale of fixed assets by bidding(2)

   —      —      3,301,653 

Price of sale share

   —      —      1,262,987 

Cash distributions

   —      —      274,621 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other revenues

  Ps.11,768,846   Ps.14,940,447   Ps.     41,517,631 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

b)

Other expenses

   2020   2019   2018 

Other

  Ps.��   (436,723  Ps.    (4,602,210  Ps.(5,348,666

Claims

   (376,697   (173,414   (474,299

Disposal of assets

   (351,010   (2,413,776   (12,600,191

Transportation and distribution of natural gas

   (30,284   (22,291   (41,964
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other expenses

  Ps.(1,194,714  Ps.(7,211,691  Ps.(18,465,120
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Relates to rights receivableparticipate of EECs, for which the operators of the EECs guarantee their participation in such contracts.

(2) 

Relates mainly to exploration and production fixed assets.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

(3)NOTE 25.

Fiscal incentive from the Mexican Government to mitigate the impact of international oil prices during 2016.RELATED PARTIES

NOTE 27. RELATED PARTIES

The balances and transactions with related parties are mainly due to: (i) the sale and purchase of products, (ii) the billing of administrative services, and (iii) financial loans between related parties. The transactions between PEMEX entities were carried out in prices and market conditions.

Directors and employees of Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities are subject to regulations related to conflict of interest such as the Petróleos Mexicanos Law,Ley Federal de Responsabilidades Administrativas de los Servidores Públicos (Federal Law of Administrative Responsibilities of Public Officials) and thePolíticas y Lineamientos Anticorrupción para Petróleos Mexicanos, sus Empresas Productivas Subsidiarias y, en su caso, Empresas Filiales (Anticorruption Policies and Guidelines for Petróleos Mexicanos, its Subsidiary Productive Companies and, where applicable, Subsidiary Companies). Under these provisions, PEMEX’s directors and employees are obligated to “recuse themselves from intervening in any way in the attention to, processing or resolution of matters in which they might have personal, family or business interest, including those where some benefit can result for themselves, their spouse, blood or affinity relatives up to

the fourth degree, or civil relatives, or for third parties with which they have professional, labor or business relations, or for partners or partnerships where the public officials or the persons referred above are or have been members thereof.”

Related parties include individuals and companies that do not form part of PEMEX, but that could take advantage of being in a privileged position as a result of their relation with PEMEX. Also included are situations in which PEMEX could take advantage of a special relationship in order to benefit its financial position or results of operations.

Main operations identified by PEMEX with this kind of directors and officers are as follows:

Mr. Manuel Bartlett Díaz, Chief Executive Officer of CFE, was appointed member of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos in December 2018. CFE has executed several purchase agreements with Pemex Industrial Transformation. During 2018,2020, CFE acquired the following products from Pemex Industrial Transformation:

 

Product

  20182020 

Heavy fuel oil

  Ps.Ps. (38,499,999

Commercial condition

135,6676,258,996 

Industrial diesel

   (6,148,2833,426,200) 

FreightsFuel oil

   (154,115456,960)

Transport of Natural Gas

364,512

Other

303,278 

Natural Gas

   (3,760,115263,993) 

87 octane gasolineFreights

   (707189,983) 
  

 

 

 

Total

  Ps.Ps. (48,427,55211,263,922) 
  

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2018,2020, CFE owed Pemex Industrial Transformation a total amount of Ps. 4,635,514.1,509,057. Invoices are payable between 30 and 60 days.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

a.A.

Compensation of Directors and Officers

For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, 2017 and 2016, the aggregate compensationshort-term benefits of executive officers of Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities paid or accrued in that year for services in all capacities was approximately Ps. 51,188,30,988, Ps. 50,74930,988 and Ps. 49,165,51,188, respectively. Retirement, post-employment and formerlong-term employee benefits are granted as described in Note 20. follows:

   As of December 31, 
   2020   2019   2018 

Retirement

  Ps.7,233    15,549    12,403 

Post-employment

   354    349    782 

Long-term

   3,702    2,698    3,312 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
  Ps.11,289    18,596    16,497 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Except in the case of the professional members, with respect to the previous Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and the boards of directors of the existing Subsidiary Entities, and the independent members, with respect to the new Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, members of the Boards of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities do not receive compensation for their services.

The compensation paid or accrued during 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018, to the professional members of the previous Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos and boards of directors of the existing Subsidiary Entities was approximately Ps. 8,878,6,008, Ps. 7,525,5,985 and Ps. 8,339,8,878, respectively.

 

b.B.

Salary AdvancesCompensation and benefits

As an employee benefit, PEMEX offers salary advances to all of its eligible Petroleum Workers’ Union andnon-union workers, including executive officers, pursuant to the programs set forth in the collective bargaining agreement and in theReglamento de Trabajo del Personal de Confianza de Petróleos Mexicanos y Empresas Productivas Subsidiarias (Employment Regulation of White Collar Employees of Petróleos Mexicanos and Subsidiary Entities), respectively. The salary advances, which arenon-interest bearing, are offered to each eligible employee in an amount up to a maximum of four months’ salary and are repaid through salary deductions in equal installments over a period of either one or two years, as elected by the employee. Most employees take advantage of this benefit. The amount of salary advances outstanding to executive officers at December 31, 20182020 was Ps. 2,069 and at893. As of December 31, 2017 was Ps. 3,466.2019, there were no outstanding amounts of salary advances to executive officers. The amount of salary advances outstanding to executive officers at March 31, 2019April 30, 2021 was Ps. 283.

NOTE 28. COMMITMENTS689.

 

NOTE 26.a.

COMMITMENTS

A.

PMI CIM has entered into several contracts for the sale of crude oil on the international market to foreign companies. The terms and conditions of these contracts are specific to each client, and their durations may be indefinite (evergreen contracts) or they may contain a minimum obligatory period (long-term contracts).

b.B.

PEMEX has entered into a nitrogen supply contract for the pressure maintenance program at the Cantarell complex. During 2007, an additional contract was entered into with the purpose of supplying nitrogen to theKu-Maloob-Zap complex and extending the original contract until 2027. At December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the value of the nitrogen to be supplied during the term of the contract was approximately Ps42,295,796Ps. 32,260,379 and Ps. 46,877,149,35,718,401, respectively. In the event of the annulment of the contract and depending on the circumstances, PEMEX has the right or the obligation to acquire the vendor’s nitrogen plant under the terms of the contract.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Estimated future payments under this contract for upcoming fiscal years are as follows:

 

2019

  Ps. 4,691,340 

2020

   4,956,568 

2021

   4,988,985   Ps.4,774,522 

2022

   4,999,063    4,863,254 

2023

   5,017,388    5,008,700 

2024 and thereafter

   17,642,452 

2024

   5,042,333 

2025

   5,039,959 

2026 and thereafter

   7,531,611 
  

 

   

 

 

Total

  Ps. 42,295,796   Ps.32,260,379 
  

 

   

 

 

 

c.C.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, PEMEX had entered into FPWCs by means of which the contractor manages and is responsible for financing performance of the work to be undertaken.

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the estimated value of these contracts was as follows:

 

Maturity

  2018   2017   2020   2019 

Up to 1 year

  Ps. 4,461,048   Ps. 5,533,174   Ps.1,046,436   Ps.1,251,543 

1 to 3 years

   1,525,043    1,891,557    1,339,040    1,610,152 

4 to 5 years

   1,496,380    1,856,006    376,916    426,886 

More than 5 years

   2,518,017    3,123,173 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  Ps. 10,000,488   Ps. 12,403,910   Ps.    2,762,392   Ps.    3,288,581 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

d.D.

As of December 31, 20182020 and 2017,2019, the estimated value of the contracts that PEMEX has entered into with several contractors for the development of various infrastructure and services works was as follows:

 

Maturity

  2018   2017   2020   2019 

Up to 1 year

  Ps. 105,856,669   Ps. 229,738,368   Ps.39,162,033   Ps.104,584,602 

1 to 3 years

   192,105,937    196,335,411    274,421,535    325,674,623 

4 to 5 years

   15,811,930    123,159,215    23,055,268    43,984,437 

More than 5 years

   65,810,305    149,672,236    37,518,571    147,488,082 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total

  Ps. 379,584,841   Ps.698,905,230   Ps.374,157,407   Ps.621,731,744 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

e.NOTE 27.

Estimated future payments for leases are:CONTINGENCIES

Maturity

Payments

Up to 1 year

Ps.4,180,192

1 to 3 years

19,485,821

More than 5 years

39,057,896

Total

Ps.62,723,909

NOTE 29. CONTINGENCIES

In the ordinary course of business, PEMEX is named in a number of lawsuits of various types. PEMEX evaluates the merit of each claim and assesses the likely outcome. PEMEX has not recorded provisions related to ongoing legal proceedings due to the fact that an unfavorable resolution is not expected in such proceedings, with the exception of the proceeding described in further detail in this Note.

PEMEX is involved in various civil, tax, criminal, administrative, labor and commercial lawsuits and arbitration proceedings. The results of these proceedings are uncertain as of the date of these consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2018,2020, and December 31, 2017,2019, PEMEX had accrued a reserve of Ps. 6,483,078,8,321,816 and Ps. 7,812,689,8,075,031, respectively, for these contingent liabilities.

As of December 31, 2018,2020, the current status of the principal lawsuits in which PEMEX is involved is as follows:

 

On April 4, 2011, Pemex Exploration and Production was summoned before the Séptima Sala Regional Metropolitana (“Seventh Regional Metropolitan Court”) of the Tribunal Federal de Justicia Fiscal y Administrativa (“Tax and Administrative Federal Court”) in connection with an administrative claim (No. 4957/1117071) filed by EMS Energy Services de México, S. de R.L. de C.V. and Energy Maintenance Services Group I. LLC requesting that Pemex Exploration and Production’s termination of the public works contract be declared null and void. In a concurrent proceeding, the plaintiffs also filed an administrative claim (No.13620/15-17-06) against Pemex Exploration and Production before the Sexta Sala Regional Metropolitana (“Sixth Regional Metropolitan Court”) of the Tax and Administrative Federal Court in Mexico City seeking damages totaling U.S. $193,713 related to the above-mentioned contract. Pemex Exploration and Production filed a response requesting the two administrative claims be joined in a single proceeding, which was granted on May 10, 2016 by the Seventh Regional Metropolitan Court. On May 3, 2017, the proceeding was closed for a judgment to be issued. As of the date of these financial statements, a resolution from the Second Section of the Superior Court of the Tax and Administrative Federal Court is still pending.

On June 11, 2015, the Segunda Sala Regional del Noreste (“Second Regional Northeast Court”) notified Pemex Industrial Transformation of an administrative claim (file no.2383/15-06-02-4) filed by Severo Granados Mendoza, Luciano Machorro Olvera and Hilario Martínez Cerda, as President, Secretary and Treasurer of the Ejido Tepehuaje, seeking Ps. 2,094,232 in damages due to a hydrocarbon spill on their land. Pemex Industrial Transformation filed a response to this claim and the plaintiffs were given time to amend their claim. The defendant filed a motion against this. Each party filed its expert’s environmental opinion and Second Regional Northeast Court appointed an independent expert, who issued his opinion on June 6, 2018 stating that no damages were caused. On June 22, 2018, the pleadings stage was opened. On August 31, 2018, pleadings were filed. On September 11, 2018, the proceeding was closed and the file was sent to the Superior Court and, on October 11, 2018, it was accepted for a judgment to be issued.

On July 8, 2011, Pemex Exploration and Production was summoned in connection with an administrative claim (no. 4334/1111026) filed by Compañía Petrolera La Norma, S.A., against the Chief Executive Officer of Petróleos Mexicanos and the Chief Executive Officer of Pemex-Exploration and Production before the Segunda Sala RegionalHidalgo-México (“Hidalgo-Mexico Second Regional Court”) of the Tax Administrative Federal Court in Tlalnepantla, Estado de México. The plaintiff is seeking compensation for the cancellation of its alleged petroleum rights concessions and damages for up to Ps.1,552,730. On August 20, 2014, the proceeding was sent to the Segunda Sección de la Sala Superior (“Second Section of The Superior Court”) of the Tax and Administrative Federal Court(4334/11-11-02-6/1337/14-s2-07-04). On September 7, 2017, a motion was filed questioning a signature’s authenticity. On December 4 and 5, 2017, a documentary expert’s opinion was filed by the plaintiff and a new expert was designated by Pemex Exploration and Production to issue his opinion. On April 18, 2018, each party filed its pleadings and the claim was sent to the Second Section of the Superior Court. On September 20, 2018, the Superior Court ruled that the plaintiff did not provide evidence to support its claim. The plaintiff filed an amparo against this resolution and Pemex Exploration and Production filed its response. As of the date of these financial statements, a final resolution is still pending.

On April 4, 2011, Pemex Exploration and Production was summoned before the Séptima Sala Regional Metropolitana (“Seventh Regional Metropolitan Court”) of the Tribunal Federal de Justicia Fiscal y Administrativa (“Tax and Administrative Federal Court”) in connection with an administrative claim (No. 4957/11-17-07-1) filed by EMS Energy Services de México, S. de R.L. de C.V. and Energy Maintenance Services Group I. LLC requesting that Pemex Exploration and Production’s termination of the public works contract be declared null and void. In a concurrent proceeding, the plaintiffs also filed an administrative claim (No. 13620/15-17-06) against Pemex Exploration and Production before the Sexta Sala Regional Metropolitana (“Sixth Regional Metropolitan Court”) of the Tax and Administrative Federal Court in Mexico City seeking damages totaling U.S. $193,713 related to the above-mentioned contract. Pemex Exploration and Production filed a response requesting the two administrative claims be joined in a single proceeding, which was granted. On April 30, 2019, a judgment was issued by the Second Section of the Superior Court in favor of Pemex Exploration and Production. On June 25, 2019, the plaintiffs filed an amparo (D.A. 397/2019) before the Tercer Tribunal Colegiado en Materia Administrativa del Primer Circuito (“Third Administrative Joint Court of the First Circuit”), which was granted. On March 12, 2020, Pemex Exploration and Production filed a motion to review against the resolution granting this amparo before the Third Administrative Joint Court of the First Circuit. On October 1, 2020, the Third Administrative Joint Court declared the resolution null and void, among others. Pemex Exploration and Production filed an amparo which was admitted. As of the date of these financial statements, a final resolution is still pending.

 

On December 12, 2017, Pemex Exploration and Production was summoned in connection with an arbitration claim (no. 23217/JPA) filed by SUBSEA 7 de México, S. de R. L. de C.V. (“SUBSEA 7”) seeking U.S.$153,000 $153,000 related to additional expenses in connection with a pipelines construction contracts (No. 420832856 and 420833820). On January 5, 2018, Pemex Exploration and Production filed a response to this claim. The appointment of the chairperson of the arbitration trial is still pending.request and its counterclaim. On September 14, 2018, the defendant received the claim briefs including documentation and related evidence and the amount sought under this claim was increased to U.S.$ 310,484. $310,484. On January 4, 2019, Pemex Exploration and Production filed a response to the claim. On February 14, 2019, SUBSEA 7 filed its reply. In June 2019, a hearing was held and on October 4, 2019 the parties filed their pleadings. The final award was issued on July 28, 2020, and notice was provided on July 30, 2020. Pemex Exploration and Production was ordered to pay U.S. $34,576 and Ps. 70,668. As of the date of these financial statements, the execution of this resolution is still pending.

On August 1, 2017, Pemex Exploration and Production was summoned in connection with an administrative claim (no. 11590/17-17-06-2) filed by Proyectos y Cimentaciones Industriales, S.A. de C.V. before the Sixth Regional Metropolitan Court seeking Ps. 800,000 and U.S. $12.82 and to have the settlement certificate dated March 22, 2017 related to a services agreement declared null and void. On May 16, 2019, the Segunda Sección de la Sala Superior (“Second Section of the Superior Court”) issued a judgment in favor of Pemex Exploration and Production. On July 1, 2019, the Décimo Primer Tribunal Colegiado en Materia Administrativa (“Eleventh Administrative Joint Court”) admitted an amparo (no. 399/2019) filed by the plaintiff. On August 8, 2019, the defendant filed its pleadings. As of the date of these financial statements, a final resolution is still pending.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

On February 6, 2019, the Sala Regional del Golfo Norte (“North Gulf Regional Court”) of the Tax and Administrative Federal Court summoned Pemex Drilling and Services (now Pemex Exploration and Production) in connection with a claim (752/17-18-01-7) filed by Micro Smart System de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., challenging a settlement statement dated March 14, 2017, related to a works contract number 424049831 dated December 9, 2009, seeking the payment of: U.S. $240,448 for work performed and U.S. $284 for work estimates. On May 8, 2019, a response to this claim was admitted and evidence was filed by Pemex Exploration and Production. On July 1, 2019, the Second Section of the Superior Court was instructed to review the claim. On September 24, 2019, the plaintiff filed its pleadings. On February 13, 2020, the Second Section of the Superior Court declared that the plaintiff partially proved its claim and no payments shall be made by the defendant. On September 8, 2020, the judgment was published in the Gaceta Judicial (“Jurisdictional Gazette”). On September 29, 2020, Pemex Exploration and Production filed a motion to clarify this judgment, which was granted on November 24, 2020 and notified on December 10, 2020. On October 2, 2020 the plaintiff filed an amparo against this judgment. As of the date of these financial statements, a final resolution is still pending.

On October 18, 2019, the Sala Regional Peninsular (“Regional Peninsular Court”) of the Tribunal Federal de Justicia Administrativa (“Federal Justice Administrative Court”) in Mérida, Yucatán summoned Pemex Exploration and Production in connection with a claim (91/19-16-01-9) filed by PICO México Servicios Petroleros, S. de R.L. de C.V. requesting that Pemex Exploration and Production’s termination of the public works contract (no. 428814828) be declared null and void and seeking U.S. $137.3 for expenses and related damages, among other claims. On December 12, 2019, Pemex Exploration and Production filed a response to this claim. On March 28, 2020, a notification dated February 10, 2020 was received in which the extended claim was admitted. On February 10, 2020 the expert appointed by the plaintiff was accepted. On February 18, 2020 an extension requested by the accounting expert appointed by Pemex Exploration and Production was accepted and his opinion was filed and ratified on August 11, 2020. As of the date of these financial statements, a resolution admitting the response to the claim and the opinion filed is still pending.

Tech Man Group, S.A. de C.V. filed an administrative claim (7804/18-17-09-8) against Pemex Industrial Transformation seeking Ps. 2,009,598 for, among other things, payment of expenses and penalties in connection with a public works contract (CO-OF-019-4008699-11) before the Federal Justice Administrative Court. On June 25, 2019, a response was filed by Pemex Industrial Transformation as well as a motion against the defendant.admission of the claim, which was accepted. On October 2, 2019, the opinion of the accounting and construction experts submitted by the defendant was filed. On February 17, 2020, Pemex Industrial Transformation requested the Federal Justice Administrative Court to appoint a new accounting expert since the previous appointed expert rejected his designation. On March 2, 2020, the independent construction expert filed his opinion. As of the date of these financial statements, a final resolution is still pending.

On August 1, 2017,Constructora Norberto Odebrecht, S.A. filed an administrative claim against Pemex ExplorationIndustrial Transformation (file No. 4742/19-17-01-7) seeking U.S. $113,582 and Production was summonedPs. 14,607 in connection with an administrativea termination resolution (no. 1,757) dated January 14, 2019 issued by Pemex Industrial Transformation, which awarded U.S. $51,454 in favor of the defendant. The claim (no.11590/17-17-06-2) filed by Proyectos y Cimentaciones Industriales, S.A. de C.V. before the Sixth Regional Metropolitan Court seeking Ps. 800,000 and U.S.$ 12.82 and to have the settlement certificate dated March 22, 2017 related to services agreement declared null and void.was admitted. On September 25, 2017November 11, 2020, Pemex Exploration and ProductionIndustrial Transformation filed a response to this claim. On September 4, 2018, the parties filed their pleadings. The claim was submitted to the Superior Court. As of the date of these financial statements, a final judgmentresolution is still pending.

Petróleos Mexicanos

In March 2018, Pemex DrillingProductive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Services was summoned before the International Centre for Dispute Resolution of the American Arbitration Association in connection with an arbitration claim (No.01-18-0001-1499) filed by Loadmaster Universal Rigs, Inc., Loadmaster Drilling Technologies, LLC, Ulterra Drilling Technologies Mexico, S.A. de C.V. and Kennedy Fabricating, LLC seeking U.S. $139,870 in connection with the construction and acquisition of modular drilling equipment. On June 6, 2018, the plaintiffs respondedSubsidiary Companies

Notes to the counterclaim filed by Pemex Drilling and Services. On September 28, 2018, Pemex Drilling and Services filed a motion rejecting the arbitration jurisdiction. On December 19, 2018, the parties exchanged documentation. As of the date of theseconsolidated financial statements the appointment of the chairperson of the arbitration court is still pending. Once the arbitration court is formed, the schedule for the proceeding will be determined.

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The results of these proceedings are uncertain until their final resolutions are issued by the appropriate authorities. PEMEX has recorded liabilities for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount thereof can be reasonably estimated. When a reasonable estimation could not be made, qualitative disclosure was provided in the notes to these consolidated financial statements. PEMEX does not disclose amounts accrued for each individual claim because such disclosure could adversely affect PEMEX’s legal strategy, as well as the outcome of the related litigation.

Pursuant to an ordinary session held by the Board of Directors on August 23, 2013, Petróleos Mexicanos established policies for the granting of mutual guarantees, loans or any type of credit in favor of the Subsidiary Entities and Subsidiary Companies; in accordance with these policies, the Corporate Finance Department issues an opinion with its risk analysis, financial valuation, budget sufficiency, accounting treatment and conclusions.

Additionally, Pemex Logistics has granted the following corporate guarantees in connection with the exploration and extraction contracts entered into by Pemex Exploration and Production, as required by the NHC:CNH:

 

Exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons under the deep-water license modality, Trión field (TenderCNH-A1-TRION / 2016), of US $ 4,000,000.U.S. $4,000,000.

 

Exploration and extraction of the contract area 3 Cinturón plegado perdido (Tender CNHR01- L04 / 2015), of US $ 3,333,000.U.S. $3,333,000.

 

Extraction of hydrocarbons under shared production contract of theEk-Balam fields, of U.S. $5,000,000.

 

Extraction of hydrocarbons in contractual area Santuario and El Golpe 3 field, of U.S. $320,000.

 

Exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons under shared production contract, contractual area 2 Tampico-Misantla, of U.S. $ 1,750,000.$1,250,000.

 

Exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons under shared production contract, contractual area 8 Cuencas del Sureste, of U.S. $ 1,250,000.$1,250,000.

 

Exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons shared production contract, assignmentAE-0398-Mission of U.S. $ 255,000.$255,000.

 

Extraction of hydrocarbons under license agreement, Ogarrio field of U.S. $ 250,000.$250,000.

 

Extraction of hydrocarbons under license agreement, Cárdenas and Mora fields, of U.S. $250,000.

 

Exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons under the deep-water license modality, contractual area 2 Perdido, of U.S.$ 2,500,000. $2,500,000.

Exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons under the deep-water license modality, contractual area 5 Perdido, of U.S.$ 5,000,000. $5,000,000.

 

Exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons under the deep-water license modality, contractual area 18 Cordilleras Mexicanas, of U.S.$ 5,000,000. $5,000,000.

 

Exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons under shared production contract contractual area 22 Cuenca Salina, of U.S. $ 1,375,000.$1,375,000.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

Contractual area 16 Tampico-Misantla, Veracruz, of U.S.$ 1,000,000. $1,000,000.

 

Contractual area 17 Tampico-Misantla, Veracruz, of U.S.$ 1,000,000. $1,000,000.

 

Contractual area 18 Tampico-Misantla, Veracruz, of U.S.$ 2,000,000. $2,000,000.

 

Contractual area 29 Cuencas del Sureste, of U.S.$ 2,500,000. $2,500,000.

 

Contractual area 32 Cuencas del Sureste, of U.S.$ 1,250,000. $1,250,000.

 

Contractual area 33 Cuencas del Sureste, of U.S.$ 1,250,000. $1,250,000.

 

Contractual area 35 Cuencas del Sureste, of U.S.$ 1,250,000. $1,250,000.

 

Contractual area Ébano, of U.S.$ 225,000. $225,000.

 

Contractual areaAE-0388-M-Miquetla (for conventional andnon-conventionalon-shorenon-conventional on-shore license en zonas)licenses) of U.S.$ 245,000.

Contractual areaAE-0392-M-Pánuco (shared-production) by U.S.$ 225,000. $245,000.

Certain other Subsidiary Entities have also granted guarantees and other contingencies.

Total guarantees granted to Pemex Exploration and Production amounted to U.S.$ 41,228,000, $40,503,000, equivalent to Ps. 811,486,601807,982,196, as of December 31, 2018.2020.

As of December 31, 2020, Pemex Logistics granted to Pemex Industrial Transformation the obligations from a lease contract for U.S. $150,000, equivalent to Ps. 2,992,305 at the closing exchange rate on December 31, 2020, of Ps. 19.9487 = U.S. $1.00, to J. Aron & Company LLC, a subsidiary of Goldman Sachs Group Inc.

PEMEX considers the probability it needs to make a disbursement of cash, for the garanteesguarantees granted and in effect as of December 31, 20182020 remote.

NOTE 30.

NOTE 28.

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

A.

Indebtedness for 2021

The Revenue Law for 2021, which will be applicable to PEMEX as of January 1, 2021, permits the incurrence of up to Ps. 42,100,000 (Ps. 22,000,000 and U.S. $1,000,000) of net indebtedness through a combination of domestic and international capital markets offerings and borrowings from domestic and international financial institutions.

At

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the beginningconsolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

B.

Recent financing activities

As of 2019, some rating agencies downgraded PEMEX’sDecember 31, 2020, the outstanding amount in PMI Trading revolving credit rating, which could have an impact on the cost and terms of PEMEX’s new debt, as well as contract renegotiations during 2019.

lines was U.S. $2,387,065. Between January 1, 2021 to April 17, 2019,May 11, 2021, PMI HHSTrading obtained U.S. $4,275,000$19,259,325 and repaid U.S. $4,933,000$19,367,412 in financing from its revolving credit lines. As of JanuaryMay 1, 2019, the outstanding amount was U.S. $ 700,000. As of April 17, 2019,2021, the outstanding amount under these revolving credit lines was U.S. $ 42,000.$2,278,978.

As of May 11, 2021, Petróleos Mexicanos had U.S. $5,500,000 and Ps. 37,000,000 in available revolving credit lines in order to provide liquidity, with U.S. $70,000 and Ps. 24,500,000 remaining available.

During the period from January 1 to May 11, 2021, we participated in the following activities:

On January 22, 2021, Petróleos Mexicanos issued Ps. 2,500,000 of promissory notes due 2021 at a rate linked to the six-months TIIE + 2.40%, maturing in July 2021.

On January 22, 2021, Petróleos Mexicanos issued Ps. 4,000,000 of promissory notes due 2021 at a rate linked to the six-months TIIE + 2.48%, maturing in July 2021.

On January 22, 2021, Petróleos Mexicanos entered into a credit line for the amount of U.S. $152,237 due January 2031, linked to one-year LIBOR + 1.38%, and adjusted every six-months.

On March 23, 2021, we issued Ps. 2,000,000 promissory notes due in June 2021, at a rate linked to the TIIE plus 238 basis points. The original maturity of the promissory notes was May 2021.

On April 17, 2019,13, 2021, we issued Ps. 1,500,000 promissory notes due in July 2021, at a rate linked to the TIIE plus 215 basis points.

On April 22, 2021, we issued Ps. 4,000,000 promissory notes due in October 2021, at a rate linked to the TIIE plus 248 basis points. The original maturity of the promissory notes was July 2021.

C.

Decrease in the price of refined products

As a result of the economic slowdown and the consumption of refiners (gasolines, turbosins, diesel and others), a 13.7% decrease in sales is estimated during the period from January 1 to May 11, 2021, compared to the same period of 2020.

D.

Exchange rates and crude oil prices

As of May 11, 2021, the Mexicanpeso-U.S. dollar exchange rate was Ps. 18.848919.9223 per U.S. dollar, which represents a 4.24%0.13% appreciation of the value of the peso in U.S. dollar terms as compared to the exchange rate as of December 31, 2018,2020, which was Ps. 19.682919.9487 per U.S. dollar. This decrease in U.S. dollar exchange rate has led to an estimate of Ps. 2,602,088 in PEMEX’s foreign exchange gains as of May 11, 2021.

As of April 17, 2019,May 11, 2021, the weighted average price of the crude oil exported by PEMEX was U.S. $ 63.03$62.43 per barrel. This represents a price increase of approximately 41.04%32% as compared to the average price as of December 31, 2018,2020, which was U.S. $44.69$47.16 per barrel.

As of April 17, 2019, PEMEX received in advance five promissory notes issued by the Mexican Government as part of the payment obligation related to pensions and retirements plans for a total amount of Ps.28,063,511. This amount is part of Strengthening Program to PEMEX, announced by the Mexican Government on February 15, 2019.

 

Date

  Number of
promissory
note
   Amount   Original
maturity
 

January 25, 2019

   25    Ps. 5,550,217    March, 2041 

January 25, 2019

   26A    3,836,615    March 2042 

February 20, 2019

   24    5,912,165    March 2040 

March 20, 2019

   23    6,232,546    March 2039 

April 17, 2019

   22    6,531,968    March 2038 
E.

Merger of Pemex Fertilizers

On January 31, 2019December 2, 2020, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos approved the merger of Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Fertilizers. Effective as of January 1, 2021 Pemex Industrial Transformation will remain as merging company and Pemex Fertilizers became extinct as a merged company.

On January 27, 2021, the Declaration of Extinction of Pemex Fertilizers, as a result of its merger with Pemex Industrial Transformation, was notifiedpublished in the Official Gazette of the paymentsFederation, effective January 1, 2021.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The Declaration of Extinction of Pemex Fertilizers will not affect any payment obligations previously executed by Pemex Fertilizers, in Mexico and abroad, in which Pemex Industrial Transformation is subrogated due to the above-mentioned merger.

F.

Contributions from the Mexican Government

On February 19, 2021, the Mexican Government published in the Official Gazzete of the Federation a presidential decree, granting the application of a tax credit applicable to the Profit-sharing Duty in the amount of Ps. 73,280,000.

During 2021, the Mexican Government made the following contributions to Petróleos Mexicanos through the Ministry of Energy relatedin order to the Strengthening Program in the amount of Ps. 25,000,000.

As of April 22, 2019, PEMEX received the payments as follows:support PEMEX’s finances:

 

Date

  Amount 

March 8, 2019January 22, 2021 (i)

Ps.12,000,000

February 11, 2021 (i)

   Ps. 10,000,000

February 24, 2021 (ii)

32,062,000

March 5, 2021 (i)

7,000,000

March 26, 2021 (i)

2,000,000 

April 11, 20195, 2021 (i)

   5,000,000 

April 26, 2021 (i)

2,050,000

May 3, 2021 (i)

7,000,000

May 4, 2021 (ii)

32,062,000

Total

Ps. 109,174,000

(i)

Capital contributions to the construction of the Dos Bocas Refinery.

(ii)

Capital contributions to debt’s payments.

G.

Business Plan 2021-2025

On April 2, 2019, PEMEX received payment of promissory note No. 3, with maturity on March 31, 2019 of Ps. 3,815,055.

The Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, at its meeting held on March 26, 2019, approved, among others, the following resolutions:

Instructed Petróleos Mexicanos, Pemex Exploration and Production and Pemex Industrial Transformation management to present to22, 2021, the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos approved the business plan of Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Companies for 2021-2025 (the “2021-2025 Business Plan”), which effectively replaced its authorization, proposals2019-2023 business plan (the “2019-2023 Business Plan”). The 2021-2025 Business Plan considers adjustments for the mergerchanges and challenges arising from the health and economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, taking into consideration PEMEX’s expectations with regards to economic recovery and the domestic fuel market.

The 2021-2025 Business Plan continues to focus on initiatives emphasized in the 2019-2023 Business Plan, including recovering crude oil and natural gas production, focusing exploration and production activities on land basins and shallow waters and, with respect to oil and petrochemical production, constructing the new refinery in Dos Bocas, Tabasco. In addition, the 2021-2025 Business Plan continues to focus on the rehabilitation of Pemex Drillingthe National Refining System and Services into Pemex Explorationthe strengthening of PEMEX’s ethylene production, its derivatives production and Productionits fertilizer business.

The 2021-2025 Business Plan reaffirms the strategic vision of the previous 2019-2023 Business Plan regarding the recovery of PEMEX’s financial capacity and the productivity of Pemex Ethylene into Pemex Industrial Transformation.its value chain but makes adjustments to its strategies in light of the challenges of the current global environment. While the 2019-2023 Business Plan adjusts PEMEX’s strategies and goals and extends the time period contemplated, it reinforces PEMEX’s focus on financial discipline and cost reduction measures, including as related to its investments and maintenance of its portfolio.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The 2021-2025 Business Plan has three main objectives:

Financial optimization

 

Presented, for authorization of the Board of Directors of Petróleos Mexicanos, modifications to the creation resolutions of Pemex Exploration and Production and Pemex Industrial Transformation, as well as the declarations of extinction of Pemex Drilling and Services and Pemex Ethylene.Sustainability

 

Authorized the modifications to the basic organic structures of Petróleos Mexicanos, Pemex ExplorationEfficiency and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Logistics, which will become effective at the same time as the corresponding organic statute, which will be approved by their respective Boards of Directors. The deputy directions that will assume the activities of Pemex Drilling and Services and of Pemex Ethylene, respectivelycompetitiveness

PEMEX’s main objectives in the basic organic structures2021-2025 Business Plan is to strengthen its finances and ensure the availability of Pemex Explorationfinancial resources for investment projects. PEMEX aims to identify the financial resources available for investments and Productionto work to efficiently allocate resources to projects according to their profitability and Pemex Industrial Transformation, will become effective once the corresponding mergers take effect.

On February 6, 2019, the Sala Regional del Golfo Norte (North Gulf Regional Court) of Federal Court of Justice for Tax and Administrative Matters summoned Pemex Drilling and Services in connection with a claim(752/17-18-01-7) filed by Micro Smart System of Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., challenging a settlement statement dated March 14, 2017 related to a works contract number 424049831 dated December 9, 2009, seeking the payment of: U.S.$ 240,448 for work performed and U.S.$284 for work estimates. On February 22, 2019, Pemex Drilling and Services filed a motion against the resolution that admitted this claim. On March 13, 2019, two resolutions were notified: 1) On February 19, 2019, a judgment issued on November 15, 2018 related to an amparo filed was issued (No. 179/2018); and 2) on February 26, 2019, a complaint motion filed by Pemex Drilling and Services was admitted against the resolution admitting this claim, which was notified to the plaintiff on March 19, 2019. On March 28, 2019, through the jurisdictional bulletin, a statement dated March 27, 2019 was released notifying the parties that a response to this claim was filed by the defendant. However, it was not admitted since the complaint motion was filed. A resolution is pending until such motion is solved.

NOTE 31. NEW STANDARS RECENTLY ISSUED

The IASB issued amendments and new IFRS that are not effective aspriorities of the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements but could have an impact on PEMEX’s future financial information.

The new standards will be effective for periods beginning in 2019.Mexican Government.

 

a)H.

IFRS 16, “Leases” (“IFRS 16”)MEXICAN GOVERNMENT BONDS

In January 2016,Income interest generated by the IASB published a new accounting standard IFRS 16 “Leases” (“IFRS 16), which replaces IAS 17, “Leases and Guide interpretations.”

PEMEX is required to adopt IFRS 16 beginningGovernment Bonds amounted Ps. 2,311,338 from January 1 2019. PEMEX has assessedto April 30, 2021, of which Petróleos Mexicanos received the estimated impact that initial applicationpayment of IFRS 16 will have on its consolidated financial statements, as described below. The expected impact of adopting the standard on January 1, 2019 may change due to the fact that:Ps. 2,492,147.

 

I.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

PEMEX is still determiningOn January 29, 2021, Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Entities filed an amparo (124/2021) before the effectsTwelfth District Court in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas against the Congress of the adoption, as well asstate of Tamaulipas and nine other authorities in response to a request for rights to payments related to atmospheric emissions in the designamount of Ps. 2,863,050. On February 4, 2021, the amparo was admitted and evaluationa provisional suspension was granted. On March 2, 2021, a constitutional hearing was scheduled. On February 18, 2021, a definitive suspension was granted. On February 22, 2021, the partial gas emission test offered by Petróleos Mexicanos and its Subsidiary Entities was reserved. On February 24, 2021, the governor and the secretary general of controls;government of the state of Tamaulipas filed a justified report. On March 2, 2021, the constitutional hearing was postponed to March 30, 2021. On March 17, 2021, the president of the state congress filed a justified report. On March 29, 2021, evidence was offered by Petróleos Mexicanos and

The new accounting policies are subject its Subsidiary Entities. On March 31, 2021, the constitutional hearing was postponed to change until PEMEX presents its first financial statements that includeApril 29, 2021. As of the date of initial application.

PEMEX considersthese financial statements, the significant impacts due to adoption are the following:

The recognition of newright-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for its operating leases;

Providing significant new disclosures about its leasing activities.

IFRS 16 introduces a single,on-balance sheet lease accounting model for lessees. A lessee recognizes aright-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. There are recognition exemptions for short-term leases and leases oflow-value assets. Lessor accounting remains similar to the current standard – i.e. lessors continue to classify leases as finance or operating leases.

IFRS 16 replaces existing leases guidance, including IAS 17 Leases (IAS 17), IFRIC 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease (IFRIC 4),SIC-15 Operating Leases – Incentives(SIC-15) andSIC-27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease (SIC 27).

i. Leases in which PEMEXfinal resolution is a lessee

PEMEX will recognize new assets and liabilities for its operating leases mainly of transportation and railway equipment, docks, hydrogen supply plants, electric power and steam gas storage. The nature of expenses related to those leases will change because PEMEX will recognize a depreciation charge forright-of-use assets and interest expense on lease liabilities.

Previously, PEMEX recognized operating lease expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, and recognized assets and liabilities only to the extent that there was a timing difference between actual lease payments and the expense recognized.

Based on the information currently available, PEMEX estimates that it will recognize additional lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019 corresponding to theright-of-use of assets based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under the current leasing standards for existing operating leases. PEMEX does not expect the adoption of IFRS 16 will impact its ability to comply with rights contained in loans because there are no covenants derived from these type of operations.

ii. Transition

PEMEX will apply IFRS 16 initially on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Therefore, the cumulative effect of adopting IFRS 16 will be recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at January 1, 2019, with no restatement of comparative information.

PEMEX will apply the option of recognizing theright-of-use asset of each lease to an amount equal to its liability, without considering other elements within the asset measurement byright-of-use, such as direct initial costs and payments made before or after at the beginning of the lease.

PEMEX will apply the practical expedient to adopt the definition of lease at the time of transition. This means that it will apply IFRS 16 to all contracts entered into before January 1, 2019 and identified as leases in accordance with IAS 17 and IFRIC 4.

PEMEX will apply the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases with a remaining lease term at the date of initial application of 12 months or less. PEMEX also currently expects to elect the practical expedient to not separate lease andnon-lease components for leases where thenon-lease component is not significant.pending.

 

b)NOTE 29.

IFRIC 23 – Uncertainty over Income Tax TreatmentsNEW STANDARDS RECENTLY ISSUED

In June 2017, the IASB published aA number of new accounting interpretation to be applied to the determination of taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates, when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments under IAS 12.

In order to make these tax assessments, an entity must consider whether it is probable that the relevant taxing authority will accept each tax treatment, or group of tax treatments, that the entity has used or plans to use in its next income tax filing:

If the entity concludes that it is probable that a particular tax treatment will be accepted by the relevant taxing authority, that entity must determine taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits or tax rates consistently with the tax treatment included in its income tax filings.

If the entity concludes that it is not probable that a particular tax treatment is accepted by the relevant taxing authority, the entity must use the most likely amount or the expected value of the tax treatment when determining taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates. That calculation should be based on which method provides better predictions of the resolution of the uncertainty.

IFRIC 23 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. Earlier application is permitted.

PEMEX does not anticipate being impacted by IFRIC 23 because all tax positions are discussed and agreed with SHCP prior to releasing quarterly or annual financial statements.

c)

Annual improvements – 2015-2017 Cycle

In December 2017, the IASB published “the Annual Improvements to the IFRS of the 2015-2017 Cycle” through which it clarifies the following IFRS:

IFRS 3 Business Combinations and IFRS 11 Joint ventures

IFRS 3 Business Combinations clarifies how an entity should recognize an increase of its interest in a joint operation:

When a party to a joint arrangement obtains control of a business that was a part of that joint arrangement, and where that party had assumed a portion of the rights to the assets and obligations to the liabilities of that business prior to the acquisition date, the acquisition will be considered a business combination that is achieved in stages. The acquiring entity must therefore apply the requirements for a business combination achieved in stages, including by measuring its previously held interest in the joint arrangement.

When a party participates in, but does not share in the control of a joint operation, and subsequently takes joint control of that joint operation, this will constitute the acquisition of a business and previously held interest in the joint operation are not measured.

IAS 12 Income Tax

All income tax consequence of dividends (including payments on financial instruments classified as equity) are recognized consistently with the transactions that generated the distributable profits (i.e., in profit or loss, OCI or equity basis).

IAS 23 Borrowing Costs

With respect to the treatment of costs for loans subject to capitalization:

To the extent that an entity borrows funds generally and uses them for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, that entity shall determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization by applying a capitalization rate to the expenditures on that asset. The capitalization rate shall be the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to all borrowings of the entity that are outstanding during the period.

However, an entity shall exclude from this calculation borrowing cost applicable to borrowing made specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset until substantially all the activities necessary to prepare that asset for its intended used or sale are complete.

The amount of borrowing costs that an entity capitalizes during a period shall not exceed the amount of borrowing costs it incurred during that period.

The amendmentsstandards are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019.

2021 and earlier application is permitted; however, PEMEX ishas not early adopted the new or amended standards in preparing these consolidated financial statements. The following amended standards and interpretations are not expected to have a significant impact on the process of evaluating the impact that these amendments will have on itsPEMEX’s consolidated financial statements.

A. Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2 (Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16)

The new standardsamendments address issues that might affect financial reporting as a result of reforms to IBOR interest rate benchmarks, including the effects of changes to contractual cash flows or hedging relationships arising from the replacement of IBOR interest rate benchmarks with alternative benchmark rates. The amendments provide practical relief from certain requirements in IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 relating to:

changes in the basis for determining contractual cash flows of financial assets, financial liabilities and lease liabilities; and

hedge accounting

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

i. Change in basis for determining cash flows

The amendments will require an entity to account for a change in the basis for determining the contractual cash flows of a financial asset or financial liability that is required by interest rate benchmark reform by updating the effective interest rate of the financial asset or financial liability

ii. Hedge accounting

The amendments provide exceptions to the hedge accounting requirements in the following areas.

Allow amendment of the designation of a hedging relationship to reflect changes that are required by the reform.

When a hedged item in a cash flow hedge is amended to reflect the changes that are required by the reform, the amount accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve will be effective for periods beginningdeemed to be based on the alternative benchmark rate on which the hedged future cash flows are determined.

When a group of items is designated as a hedged item and an item in 2020.the group is amended to reflect the changes that are required by the reform, the hedged items are allocated to sub- groups based on the benchmark rates being hedged.

If an entity reasonably expects that an alternative benchmark rate will be separately identifiable within a period of 24 months, it is not prohibited from designating the rate as a non-contractually specified risk component if it is not separately identifiable at the designation date.

iii. Disclosure

The amendments will require PEMEX to disclose additional information about its exposure to risks arising from interest rate benchmark reform and related risk management activities.

iv. Transition

As of December 31, 2020, PEMEX is evaluating the possible impacts on the application of these new standards.

B. Other standards.

The following amended standards and interpretations are not expected to have a significant impact on the PEMEX’s consolidated financial statements.

Onerous contracts – Cost of Fulfilling a Contract (Amendments to IAS 37)

Covid-19-Related Rent Concessions (Amendment to IFRS 16).

Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use (Amendments to IAS 16).

Reference to Conceptual Framework (Amendments to IFRS 3).

Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current (Amendments to IAS 1).

Insurance Contracts (Amendments to IFRS 17).

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

d)NOTE 30.

Amendments to definition of business in IFRS 3

In October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to the definition of a business in IFRS 3. The amendments are intended to assist entities to determine whether a transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or as an assets acquisition.

The amendments:

(a)

mean that, to be considered a business, an acquired set of activities and assets must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs.

(b)

removed the assessment of whether market participants can replace any missing inputs or processes and continuing to produce outputs.

(c)

add guidance and illustrative examples to assist entities to assess whether a substantial process has been acquired.

(d)

narrowed the definition of business and of outputs by focusing on goods and services provided to customers. The reference to an ability to reduce costs is removed

(e)

introduced an optional concentration test that permits a simplified assessment of whether an acquired set of activities and assets is not a business.

The amendments to IFRS 3 must be applied to transactions that are either a business combination or asset acquisition for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after January 1, 2020. Consequently, entities do not have to revisit such transactions that occurred on prior periods. Earlier application is permitted and must be disclosed.

e)

Definition of material – amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements (IAS 1) and IAS 8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors (IAS 8).

The IASB observed that the inappropriate application of “materiality” is one of the factors that affects disclosures to financial statements, causing entities to disclose irrelevant information, omit or obscure important information, reducing the usefulness of financial statements. Therefore, in October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8 (the amendments) to align the definition of material across the standards and clarify aspects of definition.

New definition of material

The new definition states that “information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general-purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements, which provide financial information about a specific reporting entity.”

The amendments clarify that materiality will depend on the nature or magnitude of information. An entity will need to assess whether the information, either individually or in combination with other information, is material in the context of the financial statements. A misstatement of information is material if it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions made by the primary users. The amendments clarify that, in assessing whether an information could reasonably be expected to influence decisions of the primary users, an entity must consider the characteristics of those users as well as its own circumstances.

Obscuring information

The information is obscured if it is communicated in a way that would have a similar effect as omitting or misstating the information. The following are examples of circumstances that may result in material information being obscured:

Material information may be obscured if information regarding a material item, transaction or other event is scattered throughout the financial statements or disclosed using language that is vague or unclear.

Material information can also be obscured if dissimilar items, transactions or other events are inappropriately aggregated, or conversely, if similar items are inappropriately disaggregated. In addition, the understandability of the financial statements is reduced if material information is hidden because of immaterial information.

Primary users of the financial statements

The current definition refers to ‘users’ but does not specify their characteristics, which can be interpreted to imply that an entity is required to consider all possible users of the financial statements when deciding what information to disclose. Consequently, the IASB decided to refer to primary users in the new definition to help respond to concerns that the term users may be interpreted too widely.

The amendments explain that many existing and potential investors, lenders and other creditors cannot require reporting entities to provide them with information directly and, as such, they rely on general purpose financial statements for much of the financial information they need. Therefore, these groups are the primary users to whom general purpose financial statements are directed.

Effective date and transition

The amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8 are required to be applied for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020. The amendments must be applied prospectively and earlier application is permitted.

NOTE 32. SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR INFORMATION

The following consolidating information presents: (i) condensed consolidated statements of financial position at December 31, 20182020 and 20172019 and condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020, 2019 and 20162018 of Petróleos Mexicanos, the Subsidiary Guarantors and theNon-Guarantor Subsidiaries (as defined below).

These condensed consolidated statements were prepared in conformity with IFRS, with one exception: for the purposes of the presentation of the subsidiary guarantor information, the Subsidiary Entities and Subsidiary Companies have been accounted for as investments under the equity method by Petróleos Mexicanos. Earnings of subsidiaries are therefore reflected in Petróleos Mexicanos’ investment account and earnings. The principal elimination entries eliminate Petróleos Mexicanos’ investment in subsidiaries and inter-company balances and transactions. Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services (merged with Pemex Exploration and Production as of June 30, 2019), Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services (in the case of Pemex Cogeneration and Services, until July 27, 2018 (see Note 1)) (collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and Pemex Ethylene (merged with Pemex Industrial Transformation as of June 30, 2019) and Pemex Fertilizers are 100%-owned subsidiaries of the Mexican Government. The guarantiesguarantees by the Subsidiary Guarantors of Petróleos Mexicanos’ payment obligations under this indebtedness are full, unconditional, joint and several. Pemex Ethylene, Pemex Fertilizers, Pemex Finance Ltd. and the Subsidiary Companies collectively comprise thenon-guarantor subsidiaries (the“Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”).

The Pemex Project Funding Master Trust (the “Master Trust”), which was a trust formed for the purpose of financing PEMEX’s projects, was dissolved effective December 20, 2011 and is no longer consolidated in the financial statements of PEMEX as of December 31, 2011 and thereafter.

The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2018,2020, the principal amount outstanding of the registered debt securities originally issued by the Master Trust. As noted above, Petróleos Mexicanos has assumed, as primary obligor, all of the obligations of the Master Trust under these debt securities. The obligations of Petróleos Mexicanos are guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors:

Table 1: Registered Debt Securities originally issued by the Master Trust and Assumed by Petróleos Mexicanos

 

Security

  

Primary
obligor

  

Guarantors

  

Principal
amount

outstanding
(U.S. (U.S. $)

6.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2035

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  1,750,0002,749,000

6.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2038

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  491,175

8.625% Bonds due 2022

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  160,24589,609

8.625% Guaranteed Bonds due 2023

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  106,50763,705

9.50% Guaranteed Bonds due 2027

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  219,217

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2018,2020, the principal amount outstanding of the registered debt securities issued by Petróleos Mexicanos, and guaranteed by Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services (in the case of Pemex Cogeneration and Services, until July 27, 2018 (see Note 1)).Logistics.

Table 2: Registered Debt Securities originally issued by Petróleos Mexicanos

 

Security

  

Issuer

  

Guarantors

  

Principal amount
outstanding

(U.S. (U.S. $)

8.00%Floating Rate Notes due 2019

2022
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  1,220,195500,448

9.50% Global Guaranteed Bonds
due 2027

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  102,149

6.000%5.50% Notes due 2020

2021
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  813,073806,540

5.50%

3.500% Notes due 2021

2023
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  2,962,0471,143,938

3.500%

4.875% Notes due 2023

2024
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  2,099,7301,031,954

4.875%

6.625% Notes due 2024

2035
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  1,499,136

6.625% Notes due 2035

Petróleos
Mexicanos
Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services999,0002,749,000

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Security

  

Issuer

  

Guarantors

  

Principal amount
outstanding

(U.S. (U.S. $)

6.500% Bonds due 2041

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  3,000,0001,560,521

4.875% BondsNotes due 2022

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  2,097,055639,371

3.125%

5.375% Notes due 2019

2022
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  187,595447,340

3.500% Notes

5.50% Bonds due 2020

2044
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  678,722793,638

5.50%

6.375% Bonds due 2044

en 2045
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  1,703,4561,560,461

6.375%

5.625% Bonds due en 2045

2046
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  2,999,980947,279

5.625% Bonds4.500% Notes due 2046

2026
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  1,975,199

4.500% Notes due 2026

Petróleos
Mexicanos
Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services1,497,918

4.250% Notes due 2025

Petróleos
Mexicanos
Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services999,0301,386,032

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Security

  

Issuer

  

Guarantors

  

Principal amount
outstanding

(U.S. (U.S. $)

6.375%

4.250% Notes due 2021

2025
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  1,247,668790,153

6.875%

6.375% Notes due 2026

2021
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  2,970,334192,826

4.625%

6.875% Notes due 2023

2026
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  2,055,8452,970,334

6.750%

4.625% Notes due 2047

2023
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  5,997,558895,444

5.350%

6.750% Bonds due 2028

2047
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  2,479,5835,997,558

6.350% Bonds

5.350% Notes due 2048

2028
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  3,323,4702,482,468

6.500%

6.350% Bonds due 2029

2048
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  1,977,1632,882,540

5.375%

6.500% Notes due 2022

2027
  Petróleos
Mexicanos

Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services

1,490,682

Floating Rate Notes 2022

Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  986,1715,478,577

6.250%

5.950% Notes due 2027

2031
  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Pemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation Pemex Drilling and Services, Pemex Logistics and Pemex Cogeneration and Services  3,777,381

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

5,145,205

Security

  

Issuer

Guarantors

Principal amount
outstanding (U.S. $)

6.490% Notes due 2027Petróleos MexicanosPemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Logistics2,341,377
6.840% Notes due 2030Petróleos MexicanosPemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Logistics4,387,135
6.950% Bonds due 2060Petróleos MexicanosPemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Logistics3,796,812
7.690% Bonds due 2050Petróleos MexicanosPemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Logistics8,047,831
6.500% Notes due 2029Petróleos MexicanosPemex Exploration and Production, Pemex Industrial Transformation and Pemex Logistics

1,986,963

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Petróleos Mexicanos is the only PEMEX entity that had debt securities registered with the SEC outstanding as of December 31, 20182020 and as of the date of these consolidated financial statements, and all guaranteed debt is issued by Petróleos Mexicanos. The guaranties of the Subsidiary Guarantors are full and unconditional and joint and several. PEMEX’s management has not presented separate financial statements for the Subsidiary Guarantors, because it has determined that such information is not material to investors.

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

As of December 31, 20182020

 

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Assets

     

Current assets

     

Cash and cash equivalents

  Ps.       9,394,220   Ps.       4,970,074   Ps.  25,625,487   Ps.                   —     Ps.     39,989,781 

Trade and other accounts receivable, derivative financial instruments and other current assets

  46,962,377   139,800,991   50,500,929   —     237,264,297 

Accounts receivable—inter-company

  800,429,251   1,061,537,492   131,931,674   (1,993,898,417  —   

Inventories

  889,543   41,946,007   9,770,111   —     52,605,661 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

  857,675,391   1,248,254,564   217,828,201   (1,993,898,417  329,859,739 

Long-term receivables—intercompany

  1,824,398,719   —     988,069   (1,825,386,788  —   

Investments in joint ventures and associates

  (1,358,455,811  45,295,025   75,662,389   1,249,513,526   12,015,129 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment-net

  8,548,022   1,209,708,979   57,872,520   —     1,276,129,521 

Long-term notes receivables

  1,999   884,828   —     —     886,827 

Right of use

  759,133   56,949,499   1,486,625   —     59,195,257 

Deferred taxes

  59,277,027   45,431,025   3,821,147   —     108,529,199 

Intangible assets

  25,650   21,639,537   1,110,597   —     22,775,784 

Mexican Government Bonds

  111,512,962   —     —     —     111,512,962 

Other assets

     780,426   6,803,084      7,583,510 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

  1,503,743,092   2,628,943,883   365,572,632   (2,569,771,679  1,928,487,928 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities

     

Current liabilities

     

Current portion of long-term debt

  334,770,935   6,642,039   49,684,293   —     391,097,267 

Accounts payable—inter-company

  1,360,720,755   552,292,445   78,413,852   (1,991,427,052  —   

Other current liabilities

  18,629,284   325,647,266   37,036,254   —     381,312,804 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

  1,714,120,974   884,581,750   165,134,399   (1,991,427,052  772,410,071 

Long-term debt

  1,825,964,253   27,513,661   14,152,136   —     1,867,630,050 

Long-term payables—inter-company

  —     1,825,630,931   2,227,221   (1,827,858,152  —   

Employee benefits, provisions for sundry creditors, other liabilities and deferred taxes

  368,754,587   1,315,022,188   9,398,062   —     1,693,174,837 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  3,908,839,814   4,052,748,530   190,911,818   (3,819,285,204  4,333,214,958 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Equity (deficit), net

  (2,405,096,722  (1,423,804,647  174,660,814   1,249,513,525   (2,404,727,030
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

  Ps.1,503,743,092   Ps.2,628,943,883   Ps.365,572,632   Ps.(2,569,771,679  Ps.1,928,487,928 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Assets

     

Current assets

     

Cash and cash equivalents

 Ps.25,187,488  Ps.16,471,298  Ps.40,253,622  Ps.—    Ps.81,912,409 

Accounts receivable and other, net, and derivative financial instruments

  63,513,279   111,325,430   52,837,198   —     227,675,907 

Accounts receivable—inter-company

  573,128,107   1,190,513,209   90,294,160   (1,853,935,476  —   

Inventories

  418,497   55,152,479   26,451,592   —     82,022,568 

Equity instruments

  —     —     245,440   —     245,440 

Available-for-sale financial assets

  —     1,253,638   —     —     1,253,638 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

  662,247,371   1,374,716,054   210,082,012   (1,853,935,476  393,109,961 

Long-term receivables—intercompany

  1,833,526,496   285   5,409,802   (1,838,936,583  —   

Investments in joint ventures and associates

  (423,086,576  135,726   16,693,715   423,098,680   16,841,545 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant andequipment-net

  10,857,719   1,344,851,372   46,776,993   —     1,402,486,084 

Long-term notes receivables

  118,834,477   994,121   —     —     119,828,598 

Deferred taxes

  59,010,975   61,009,660   2,764,095   —     122,784,730 

Intangible assets

  318,342   11,865,660   1,536,538   —     13,720,540 

Other assets

  54,272   3,174,097   3,197,441   —     6,425,810 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

 Ps.2,261,763,076  Ps.2,796,746,975  Ps.286,460,596 ��Ps.(3,269,773,379 Ps.2,075,197,268 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities

     

Current liabilities

     

Current portion of long-term debt

 Ps.171,880,315  Ps.4,289,361  Ps.15,626,033  Ps.—    Ps.191,795,709 

Accounts payable—inter-company

  1,439,442,811   325,901,335   88,582,648   (1,853,926,794  —   

Other current liabilities

  20,837,163   194,303,145   40,840,277   —     255,980,585 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

  1,632,160,289   524,493,841   145,048,958   (1,853,926,794  447,776,294 

Long-term debt

  1,835,071,170   36,863,242   18,555,994   —     1,890,490,407 

Long-term payables—inter-company

  —     1,838,285,585   659,680   (1,838,945,265  —   

Employee benefits, provisions for sundry creditors, other liabilities and deferred taxes

  254,041,839   929,431,425   12,862,735   —     1,196,335,999 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  3,721,273,298   3,329,074,093   177,127,368   (3,692,872,059  3,534,602,700 

Equity (deficit), net

  (1,459,510,222  (532,327,118  109,333,228   423,098,680   (1,459,405,432
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

 Ps.2,261,763,076  Ps.2,796,746,975  Ps.286,460,596  Ps.(3,269,773,379 Ps.2,075,197,268 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

As of December 31, 20172019

   Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
   Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Assets

       

Current assets

       

Cash and cash equivalents

  Ps. 28,234,857  Ps. 4,826,057  Ps. 27,560,717   Ps.             —    Ps. 60,621,631 

Trade and other accounts receivable, derivative financial instruments and other current assets

   21,286,590   121,770,414   56,684,210    —     199,741,214 

Accounts receivable—inter-company

   592,503,940   1,134,820,799   129,911,984    (1,857,236,723  —   

Inventories

   459,131   51,833,240   30,379,825    —     82,672,196 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

   642,484,518   1,313,250,510   244,536,736    (1,857,236,723  343,035,041 

Long-term receivables—intercompany

   1,692,840,909   —     1,615,441    (1,694,456,350  —   

Investments in joint ventures and associates

   (980,054,315  10,757,092   73,151,606    911,020,196   14,874,579 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment-net

   9,706,301   1,234,911,644   32,930,617    —     1,277,548,562 

Long-term notes receivables

   121,626,851   938,455   —      —     122,565,306 

Right of use

   1,385,617   67,564,544   1,868,153    —     70,818,314 

Deferred taxes

   81,127,820   50,735,224   4,303,703    —     136,166,747 

Intangible assets

   130,535   13,018,022   1,435,967    —     14,584,524 

Other assets

   —     564,971   4,089,036    —     4,654,007 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

   1,569,248,236   2,691,740,462   363,931,259    (2,640,672,877  1,984,247,080 

Liabilities

       

Current liabilities

       

Current portion of long-term debt

   209,291,307   2,942,757   32,690,121    —     244,924,185 

Accounts payable—inter-company

   1,275,967,793   471,706,488   106,934,283    (1,854,608,564  —   

Other current liabilities

   23,694,401   230,345,159   53,239,883    —     307,279,443 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

   1,508,953,501   704,994,404   192,864,287    (1,854,608,564  552,203,628 

Long-term debt

   1,694,319,842   28,300,551   15,629,510    —     1,738,249,903 

Long-term payables—inter-company

   —     1,694,801,416   2,283,093    (1,697,084,509  —   

Employee benefits, provisions for sundry creditors, other liabilities and deferred taxes

   363,041,463   1,247,581,410   14,579,978    —     1,625,202,851 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   3,566,314,806   3,675,677,781   225,356,868    (3,551,693,073  3,915,656,382 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Equity (deficit), net

   (1,997,066,570  (983,937,319  138,574,391    911,020,196   (1,931,409,302
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

  Ps. 1,569,248,236  Ps. 2,691,740,462  Ps. 363,931,259   Ps. (2,640,672,877)  Ps. 1,984,247,080 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the year ended December 31, 2020

 

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Assets

     

Current assets

     

Cash and cash equivalents

 Ps.46,959,103  Ps.18,815,345  Ps.32,077,306  Ps.—    Ps.97,851,754 

Accounts receivable and other, net, and derivative financial instruments

  83,119,394   38,105,354   79,533,940   —     200,758,688 

Accounts receivable—inter-company

  311,148,593   1,380,100,592   86,354,837   (1,777,604,022  —   

Inventories

  509,375   32,357,125   30,992,430   —     63,858,930 

Available-for-sale financial assets

  —     —     1,056,918   —     1,056,918 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current assets

  441,736,465   1,469,378,416   230,015,431   (1,777,604,022  363,526,290 

Long-term receivables—intercompany

  1,823,276,758   285   3,597,880   (1,826,874,923  —   

Investments in joint ventures and associates

  (465,832,399  82,668   16,611,681   465,845,414   16,707,364 

Wells, pipelines, properties, plant andequipment-net

  12,444,376   1,370,974,060   53,090,890   —     1,436,509,326 

Long-term notes receivables

  147,286,367   1,206,542   —     —     148,492,909 

Deferred taxes

  59,691,528   84,443,897   2,057,060   —     146,192,485 

Intangible assets

  —     9,088,563   —     —     9,088,563 

Other assets

  2,209,579   4,846,078   4,429,520   —     11,485,177 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total assets

 Ps.2,020,812,674  Ps.2,940,020,509  Ps.309,802,462  Ps.(3,138,633,531 Ps.2,132,002,114 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Liabilities

     

Current liabilities

     

Current portion of long-term debt

 Ps.137,947,110  Ps.5,386,564  Ps.13,875,793  Ps.—    Ps.157,209,467 

Accounts payable—inter-company

  1,240,490,891   434,556,688   93,140,905   (1,768,188,484  —   

Other current liabilities

  23,435,614   157,589,107   50,892,997   —     231,917,718 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

  1,401,873,615   597,532,359   157,909,695   (1,768,188,484  389,127,185 

Long-term debt

  1,824,829,579   40,262,391   15,573,634   —     1,880,665,604 

Long-term payables—inter-company

  —     1,830,150,615   6,139,845   (1,836,290,460  —   

Employee benefits, provisions for sundry creditors, other liabilities and deferred taxes

  297,028,436   1,057,191,286   10,341,988   —     1,364,561,710 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  3,523,731,630   3,525,136,651   189,965,162   (3,604,478,944  3,634,354,499 

Equity (deficit), net

  (1,502,918,956  (585,116,142  119,837,300   465,845,413   (1,502,352,385
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

 Ps.2,020,812,674  Ps.2,940,020,509  Ps.309,802,462  Ps.(3,138,633,531 Ps.2,132,002,114 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 
   Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Net sales

   —     1,115,845,485   459,202,040   (626,101,165  948,946,360 

Services income

   78,461,654   88,034,087   12,253,482   (174,033,739  4,715,484 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total sales revenues

   78,461,654   1,203,879,572   471,455,522   (800,134,904  953,661,844 

(Impairment) of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   —     (36,303,470  (50,230  —     (36,353,700

Cost of sales

   982,896   1,090,745,812   460,296,695   (719,410,713  832,614,690 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income

   77,478,758   76,830,290   11,108,597   (80,724,191  84,693,454 

Other revenues (expenses), net

   170,887   5,733,633   4,635,082   34,530   10,574,132 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total general expenses

   75,817,961   154,020,378   9,198,761   (80,706,414  158,330,686 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income

   1,831,684   (71,456,455  6,544,918   16,753   (63,063,100

Financing cost, net

   (54,710,062  (70,134,087  (3,066,150  (16,754  (127,927,053

Foreign exchange income, net

   (1,778,917  (125,864,355  (1,306,032  —     (128,949,304

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

   (433,417,288  1,288,687   (12,588,491  441,176,559   (3,540,533
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(Loss) income before taxes, duties and other

   (488,074,583  (266,166,210  (10,415,755  441,176,558   (323,479,990

Total taxes, duties and other

   20,804,230   159,451,307   5,316,538   —     185,572,075 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (loss) income for the year

   (508,878,813  (425,617,517  (15,732,293  441,176,558   (509,052,065

Total other comprehensive result

   (6,062,096  (12,844,301  7,600,985   —     (11,305,412
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive result for the year

   (514,940,909  (438,461,818  (8,131,308  441,176,558   (520,357,477
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the year ended December 31, 2019

                                                                                                                   
   Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Net sales

  Ps.                  —    Ps. 1,623,118,346  Ps. 712,266,064  Ps.    (942,521,905 Ps. 1,392,862,505 

Services income

   59,915,165   131,935,732   9,683,190   (192,425,407  9,108,680 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total sales revenues

   59,915,165   1,755,054,078   721,949,254   (1,134,947,312  1,401,971,185 

(Impairment) of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   —     (27,672,704  (3,610,450  —     (31,283,154

Cost of sales

   989,308   1,488,250,706   705,101,991    (1,071,408,581  1,122,933,424 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income

   58,925,857   239,130,668   13,236,813   (63,538,731  247,754,607 

Other revenues (expenses), net

   139,412   3,048,907   4,616,272   (75,835  7,728,756 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total general expenses

   62,645,185   141,628,000   11,974,223   (63,592,675  152,654,733 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income

   (3,579,916  100,551,575   5,878,862   (21,891  102,828,630 

Financing cost, net

   (66,593,657  (57,364,522  (2,953,372  21,891   (126,889,660

Foreign exchange income, net

   3,912,176   82,143,830   874,382   —     86,930,388 

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

   (292,585,923  116,536   (4,297,609  295,609,103   (1,157,893
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

(loss) income before taxes, duties and other

   (358,847,320  125,447,419   (497,737  295,609,103   61,711,465 

Total taxes, duties and other

   (11,557,958  352,239,318   3,142,129   —     343,823,489 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (loss) income for the year

   (347,289,362  (226,791,899  (3,639,866  295,609,103   (282,112,024

Total other comprehensive result

   (55,495,859  (253,482,329  (375,252  (2,669,406  (312,022,846
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive result for the year

  Ps. (402,785,221 Ps. (480,274,228 Ps. (4,015,118 Ps. 292,939,697  Ps.(594,134,870
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the year ended December 31, 2018

 

                                                                                                                   
   Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Net sales

  Ps.                  —    Ps. 1,941,467,663  Ps. 912,726,857  Ps. (1,181,748,372 Ps.  1,672,446,148 

Services income

   75,979,835   113,113,024   5,960,807   (186,380,664  8,673,002 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total sales revenues

   75,979,835   2,054,580,687   918,687,664   (1,368,129,036  1,681,119,150 

Reversal (impairment) of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   —     25,384,888   (3,965,891  —     21,418,997 

Cost of sales

   1,905,865   1,536,120,030   910,525,715   (1,249,040,049  1,199,511,561 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income

   74,073,970   543,845,545   4,196,058   (119,088,987  503,026,586 

Other revenues (expenses), net

   73,183   (26,020,067  8,710,216   40,289,179   23,052,511 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total general expenses

   69,479,218   158,965,537   10,248,039   (80,014,104  158,678,690 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income

   4,667,935   358,859,941   2,658,235   1,214,296   367,400,407 

Financing cost, net

   (64,226,376  (46,203,154  (475,599  (523,384  (111,428,513

Foreign exchange income, net

   (3,832,933  26,526,563   965,850   —     23,659,480 

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

   (125,246,527  53,058   2,164,868   124,555,613   1,527,012 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) before taxes, duties and other

   (188,637,901  339,236,408   5,313,354   125,246,525   281,158,386 

Total taxes, duties and other

   (8,272,851  466,788,123   3,062,951   —     461,578,223 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (loss) income for the year

   (180,365,050  (127,551,715  2,250,403   125,246,525   (180,419,837

Total other comprehensive result

   47,357,316   176,174,564   (140,133  —     223,391,747 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive result for the year

  Ps. (133,007,734 Ps.48,622,849  Ps.2,110,270  Ps.125,246,525  Ps.42,971,910 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary guarantors  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Net sales

 Ps.—    Ps.1,941,467,663  Ps.912,726,857  Ps.(1,181,748,372 Ps.1,672,446,148 

Services income

  75,979,835   113,113,024   5,960,807   (186,380,664  8,673,002 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total sales revenues

  75,979,835   2,054,580,687   918,687,664   (1,368,129,036  1,681,119,150 

(Reversal) impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

  —     (25,384,888  3,965,891   —     (21,418,997

Cost of sales

  1,905,865   1,536,120,030   910,525,715   (1,249,040,049  1,199,511,561 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income

  74,073,970   543,845,545   4,196,058   (119,088,987  503,026,586 

Other revenues (expenses), net

  73,183   (26,020,067  8,710,216   40,289,179   23,052,511 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

General expenses:

     

Transportation, distribution and sale expenses

  —     26,805,854   1,013,719   (3,462,364  24,357,209 

Administrative expenses

  69,479,218   132,159,683   9,234,320   (76,551,740  134,321,481 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total general expenses

  69,479,218   158,965,537   10,248,039   (80,014,104  158,678,690 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income

  4,667,935   358,859,941   2,658,235   1,214,296   367,400,407 

Financing income

  140,114,346   103,186,750   3,100,917   (214,844,891  31,557,122 

Financing cost

  (200,842,909  (130,246,541  (3,959,079  214,321,507   (120,727,022

Derivative financial instruments income (cost), net

  (3,497,813  (19,143,363  382,563   —     (22,258,613

Foreign exchange income , net

  (3,832,933  26,526,563   965,850   —     23,659,480 

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

  (125,246,527  53,058   2,164,868   124,555,613   1,527,012 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) before taxes, duties and other

  (188,637,901  339,236,408   5,313,354   125,246,525   281,158,386 

Total taxes, duties and other

  (8,272,851  466,788,123   3,062,951   —     461,578,223 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (loss) income for the year

  (180,365,050  (127,551,715  2,250,403   125,246,525   (180,419,837

Total other comprehensive result

  47,357,316   176,174,564   (140,133  —     223,391,747 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive result for the year

 Ps.(133,007,734 Ps.48,622,849  Ps.2,110,270  Ps.125,246,525  Ps.42,971,910 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMECASH FLOWS

For the year ended December 31, 20172020

 

   Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Operating activities:

      

Net (loss) income for the year

   (508,878,813  (425,617,517  (15,507,766  440,952,031   (509,052,065

Income tax and duties

   20,804,230   159,451,307   5,316,538   —     185,572,075 

Depreciation and amortization

   1,066,176   126,778,686   1,786,958   —     129,631,820 

Amortization of intangible assets

   453,081   (30,155  56,062   —     478,988 

Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   —     36,303,471   50,229   —     36,353,700 

Capitalized unsuccesful wells

   —     10,947,702   —     —     10,947,702 

Unsuccesful wells from intangible assets

   —     8,404,284   —     —     8,404,284 

Disposal of wells, pipelines, properties,
plant and equipment

   94,065   3,004,053   2,199,444   —     5,297,562 

Disposal of intangible asset

     396,118    396,118 

Amortization of rights of use

   644,838   5,453,688   1,130,705   —     7,229,231 

Cancellation of rights of use

   —     (1,101,987  —     —     (1,101,987

Gain on sale of subsidiary entity

   —     —     (707,533  —     (707,533

Effects of net present value of reserve for well abandonment

   —     4,555,692   —     —     4,555,692 

Profit (loss) sharing in investments

   441,125,283   (41,685  3,582,218   (441,125,283  3,540,533 

Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)

   117,158,102   12,040,638   3,267,503   —     132,466,243 

Interest expense

   134,335,289   25,908,927   1,521,026   —     161,765,242 

Interest income

   (11,617,299  (5,124,749  —     —     (16,742,048

Funds (used in) from operating activities:

      

Taxes

   1,349,021   (155,315,035  (3,725,449  —     (157,691,463

Accounts receivable, accounts payable, derivative financial instruments and accrued liabilities

   (16,644,218  (692,255  22,115,695   —     4,779,222 

Employee benefits

   (355,666  64,873,037   (5,347,025  —     59,170,346 

Inter-company charges and deductions

   (147,308,477  37,878,271   35,319,045   74,111,161   —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows (used in) from operating activities

   32,225,612   (92,323,627  51,453,768   73,937,909   65,293,662 

Investing activities:

      

Acquisition of wells, pipelines, properties, plant
and equipment and intangible assets

   (349,555  (97,841,648  (40,426,953  —     (138,618,156

Other assets and other receivables

   930,596   (812,028  (2,640,055  —     (2,521,487

(Increase) decrease due to Inter-company investing

   (194,281,597  —     627,372   193,654,225   —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows used in investing activities

   (193,700,556  (98,653,676  (42,439,636  193,654,225   (141,139,643

Financing activities:

      

Increase in equity due to Certificates of Contribution “A”

   46,256,000   —     —     —     46,256,000 

Long-terms and interest received from the Mexican Government

   5,800,940   —     —     —     5,800,940 

Lease payments of principal and interest

   (396,917  (8,266,969  (1,346,915  —     (10,010,801

Loans obtained from financial institutions

   730,222,863   1,046   557,905,959   —     1,288,129,868 

Debt payments, principal only

   (601,448,338  (4,828,154  (545,685,655  —     (1,151,962,147

Interest paid

   (122,553,204  (7,200,077  (1,235,869  —     (130,989,150

Inter-company increase (decrease) financing

   84,752,963   211,415,474   (28,576,303  (267,592,134  —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows provided by financing activities:

   142,634,307   191,121,320   (18,938,783  (267,592,134  47,224,710 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

   (18,840,637  144,017   (9,924,651  —     (28,621,271

Effects of change in cash value

   —     —     7,989,421   —     7,989,421 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

   28,234,857   4,826,057   27,560,717   —     60,621,631 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

   9,394,220   4,970,074   25,625,487   —     39,989,781 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary guarantors  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Net sales

 Ps.—    Ps.1,713,914,703  Ps.1,096,752,930  Ps.(1,424,768,483 Ps.1,385,899,150 

Services income

  50,399,983   140,934,022   2,646,144   (182,849,580  11,130,569 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total sales revenues

  50,399,983   1,854,848,725   1,099,399,074   (1,607,618,063  1,397,029,719 

Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

  —     145,302,407   6,142,153   —     151,444,560 

Cost of sales

  2,007,814   1,447,640,131   1,083,297,610   (1,528,740,675  1,004,204,880 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income

  48,392,169   261,906,187   9,959,311   (78,877,388  241,380,279 

Other revenues (expenses), net

  (341,521  (12,443,660  (4,664,096  22,623,353   5,174,076 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

General expenses:

     

Transportation, distribution and sale expenses

  —     26,136,674   1,297,558   (5,544,562  21,889,670 

Administrative expenses

  59,141,391   105,920,390   5,883,200   (51,005,527  119,939,454 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total general expenses

  59,141,391   132,057,064   7,180,758   (56,550,089  141,829,124 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income

  (11,090,743  117,405,463   (1,885,543  296,054   104,725,231 

Financing income

  143,676,367   134,401,598   3,185,195   (265,097,307  16,165,853 

Financing cost

  (236,929,035  (141,900,236  (3,616,530  264,801,253   (117,644,548

Derivative financial instruments income (cost), net

  27,670,991   (1,608,039  (724,628  —     25,338,324 

Foreign exchange income, net

  6,837,171   15,807,988   538,963   —     23,184,122 

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

  (211,567,169  409,955   (49,515  211,567,169   360,440 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) before taxes, duties and other

  (281,402,418  124,516,729   (2,552,058  211,567,169   52,129,422 

Total taxes, duties and other

  (557,520  331,001,261   2,536,300   —     332,980,041 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (loss) income for the year

  (280,844,898  (206,484,532  (5,088,358  211,567,169   (280,850,619

Total other comprehensive result

  4,728,640   6,841,586   (63,845  —     11,506,381 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive result for the year

 Ps.(276,116,258 Ps.(199,642,946 Ps.(5,152,203 Ps.211,567,169  Ps.(269,344,238
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOMECASH FLOWS

For the year ended December 31, 20162019

 

   Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Operating activities:

      

Net (loss) income for the year

  Ps. (347,289,363 Ps. (225,457,279 Ps. (4,974,486 Ps. 295,609,104  Ps.    (282,112,024

Income tax and duties

   (11,557,958  352,291,238   3,090,209   —     343,823,489 

Depreciation and amortization

   1,183,741   134,134,135   1,869,134   —     137,187,010 

Amortization of intangible assets

   373,961   86,342   83,069   —     543,372 

Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   —     27,672,705   3,610,449   —     31,283,154 

Capitalized unsuccesful wells

   —     71,604,308   —     —     71,604,308 

Unsuccesful wells from intangible assets

   —     7,990,877   —     —     7,990,877 

Disposal of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   14,115   1,492,916   1,034,527   —     2,541,558 

Amortization of rights of use

   639,877   5,439,642   1,349,756   —     7,429,275 

Effects of net present value of reserve for well abandonment

   —     (258,816  —     —     (258,816

Profit (loss) sharing in investments

   296,230,824   (538,281  (1,473,955  (293,060,695  1,157,893 

Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)

   (74,439,514  (2,867,091  (938,369  —     (78,244,974

Interest expense

   118,543,971   12,446,222   1,871,147   —     132,861,340 

Interest income

   (22,964,784  (5,410,645  (860,174  —     (29,235,603

Funds (used in) from operating activities:

      

Accounts receivable, accounts payable, derivative financial instruments and accrued liabilities

   11,279,402   32,413,620   675,345   —     44,368,367 

Taxes

   (10,682,007  (356,254,147  (5,737,259  —     (372,673,413

Employee benefits

   52,052,212   9,322,327   5,580,162   —     66,954,701 

Inter-company charges and deductions

   (439,039,267  176,676,691   5,349,241   257,013,335   —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows (used in) from operating activities

   (425,654,790  240,784,764   10,528,796   259,561,744   85,220,514 

Investing activities:

      

Acquisition of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment and intangible assets

   (232,592  (132,206,201  5,564,862   —     (126,873,931

Other assets and other receivables

   14,743,694   933,269   (101,835  —     15,575,128 

(Increase) decrease due to Inter-company investing

   401,422,502   —     —     (401,422,502  —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows used in investing activities

   415,933,604   (131,272,932  5,463,027   (401,422,502  (111,298,803

Financing activities:

      

Increase in equity due to Certificates of Contribution “A”

   122,131,000   41,956,917   (41,956,917  —     122,131,000 

Long-terms and interest received from the Mexican Government

   38,704,883   —     —     —     38,704,883 

Lease payments

   (588,463  (8,745,025  (1,375,933  —     (10,709,421

Loans obtained from financial institutions

   824,049,426   46,297   343,739,223   —     1,167,834,946 

Debt payments, principal only

   (851,077,341  (4,826,936  (329,138,006  —     (1,185,042,283

Interest paid

   (120,450,950  (6,104,160  (1,390,093  —     (127,945,203

Inter-company increase (decrease) financing

   —     (143,484,166  1,623,408   141,860,758   —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows provided by financing activities:

   12,768,555   (121,157,073  (28,498,318  141,860,758   4,973,922 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

   3,047,369   (11,645,241  (12,506,495  —     (21,104,367

Effects of change in cash value

   —     —     (186,411  —     (186,411

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

   25,187,488   16,471,298   40,253,623   —     81,912,409 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

  Ps. 28,234,857  Ps. 4,826,057  Ps. 27,560,717  Ps.             —    Ps. 60,621,631 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary guarantors  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Net sales

 Ps.—    Ps.1,361,538,624  Ps.828,143,332  Ps.(1,124,563,366 Ps.1,065,118,590 

Services income

  46,330,245   98,959,131   1,970,055   (138,284,789  8,974,642 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total sales revenues

  46,330,245   1,460,497,755   830,113,387   (1,262,848,155  1,074,093,232 

(Reversal) Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

  —     (330,037,834  (1,276,509  —     (331,314,343

Cost of sales

  1,236,921   1,244,388,072   809,156,778   (1,188,959,550  865,822,221 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Gross income

  45,093,324   546,147,517   22,233,118   (73,888,605  539,585,354 

Other revenues (expenses), net

  (312,611  20,713,184   2,915,837   (666,804  22,649,606 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

General expenses:

     

Transportation, distribution and sale expenses

  —     50,948,771   945,489   (26,663,020  25,231,240 

Administrative expenses

  57,437,455   96,884,031   7,050,271   (48,718,224  112,653,533 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total general expenses

  57,437,455   147,832,802   7,995,760   (75,381,244  137,884,773 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Operating income

  (12,656,742  419,027,899   17,153,195   825,835   424,350,187 

Financing income

  123,266,281   67,542,768   3,526,378   (180,586,172  13,749,255 

Financing cost

  (160,824,632  (114,271,762  (3,602,868  179,854,798   (98,844,464

Derivative financial instruments (cost) income, net

  (12,052,200  3,172   (1,951,959  —     (14,000,987

Foreign exchange loss, net

  (20,531,005  (232,714,446  (767,292  —     (254,012,743

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

  (117,347,803  628,357   1,507,488   117,347,803   2,135,845 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Income (loss) before taxes, duties and other

  (200,146,101  140,215,988   15,864,942   117,442,264   73,377,093 

Total taxes, duties and other

  (8,834,626  266,155,181   7,200,880   —     264,521,435 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (loss) income for the year

  (191,311,475  (125,939,193  8,664,062   117,442,264   (191,144,342

Total other comprehensive result

  10,126,560   96,032,433   21,713,488   —     127,872,481 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Total comprehensive result for the year

 Ps.(181,184,915 Ps.(29,906,760 Ps.30,377,550  Ps.117,442,264  Ps.(63,271,861
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the year ended December 31, 2018

 

   Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Operating activities:

      

Net (loss) income for the year

  Ps. (180,365,050 Ps. (127,551,718 Ps. 2,305,189  Ps. 125,191,742  Ps.    (180,419,837

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:

      

Depreciation and amortization

   1,274,179   149,747,232   2,360,629   —     153,382,040 

Amortization of intangible assets

   2,446,445   86,332   110,549   —     2,643,326 

Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   —     (25,384,888  3,965,891   —     (21,418,997

Capitalized unsuccesful wells

   —     15,443,086   —     —     15,443,086 

Unsuccesful wells from intangible assets

   —     (2,171,218  —     —     (2,171,218

Disposal of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

   872,527   12,226,128   3,786,609   —     16,885,264 

Gain on sale of share in joint ventures and associates

   —     (10,257  (690,914  —     (701,171

Effects of net present value of reserve for well abandonment

   —     (6,953,200  —     —     (6,953,200

Profit (loss) sharing in investments

   125,246,527   (538,281  (1,473,955  (124,761,303  (1,527,012

Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)

   (19,726,271  446,523   (482,460  —     (19,762,208

Interest expense

   109,697,028   12,720,032   1,452,624   —     123,869,684 

Interest income

   (9,520,962  —     —     —     (9,520,962

Funds (used in) from operating activities:

      

Accounts receivable, accounts payable, derivative financial instruments and accrued liabilities

   51,460,407   (73,421,161  26,118,293   —     4,157,539 

Taxes

   (8,881,300  38,071,896   (157,861  —     29,032,735 

Other assets and other liabilities

   559,449   (12,071,857  (3,244,955  —     (14,757,363

Employee benefits

   10,519,603   44,858,697   (1,773,416  —     53,604,884 

Inter-company charges and deductions

   (14,527,177  81,240,429   (21,516,287  (45,196,965  —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows (used in) from operating activities

   69,055,405   106,737,775   10,759,936   (44,766,526  141,786,590 

Investing activities:

      

Acquisition of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment and intangible assets

   (1,162,685  (103,408,759  (4,389,245  —     (108,960,689

Proceeds from sale of assets

   —     14,568   4,063,776   —     4,078,344 

Other assets

   3,586,010   212,421   —     —     3,798,431 

(Increase) decrease due to Inter-company investing

   (47,454,385  —     —     47,454,385   —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows used in investing activities

   (45,031,060  (103,181,770  (325,469  47,454,385   (101,083,914

Financing activities:

      

Loans obtained from financial institutions

   510,871,366   —     388,897,646   —     899,769,012 

Debt payments, principal only

   (450,353,531  (6,662,318  (384,017,543  —     (841,033,392

Interest paid

   (106,313,795  (7,857,926  (1,117,668  —     (115,289,389

Inter-company increase (decrease) financing

   —     8,620,192   (5,932,333  (2,687,859  —   
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows provided by financing activities:

   (45,795,960  (5,900,052  (2,169,898  (2,687,859  (56,553,769

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

   (21,771,615  (2,344,047  8,264,569   —     (15,851,093

Effects of change in cash value

   —     —     (88,252  —     (88,252

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

   46,959,103   18,815,345   32,077,306   —     97,851,754 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

  Ps. 25,187,488  Ps. 16,471,298  Ps. 40,253,623  Ps.             —    Ps. 81,912,409 
  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Operating activities:

     

Net (loss) income for the year

 Ps.(180,365,050 Ps.(127,551,718 Ps.2,305,189  Ps.125,191,742  Ps.(180,419,837

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:

     

Depreciation and amortization

  1,274,179   149,747,232   2,360,629   —     153,382,040 

Amortization of intangible assets

  2,446,445   86,332   110,549   —     2,643,326 

Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

  —     (25,384,888  3,965,891   —     (21,418,997

Unsuccessful wells

  —     15,443,086   —     —     15,443,086 

Exploration costs

  —     (2,171,218  —     —     (2,171,218

Disposal of wells, pipelines, properties,
plant and equipment

  872,527   12,226,128   3,786,609   —     16,885,264 

Gain on sale of share in joint ventures and associates

  —     (10,257  (690,914  —     (701,171

Effects of net present value of reserve for well abandonment

  —     (6,953,200  —     —     (6,953,200

Profit (loss) sharing in investments

  125,246,527   (538,281  (1,473,955  (124,761,303  (1,527,012

Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)

  (19,726,271  446,523   (482,460  —     (19,762,208

Interest expense

  109,697,028   9,577,370   1,452,624   —     120,727,022 

Interest income

  (9,520,962  —     —     —     (9,520,962

Funds (used in) from operating activities:

     

Accounts receivable, accounts payable, derivative financial instruments and accrued liabilities

  51,460,407   (70,278,499  26,118,293   —     7,300,201 

Taxes

  (8,881,300  38,071,896   (157,861  —     29,032,735 

Other assets and other liabilities

  559,449   (12,071,857  (3,244,955  —     (14,757,363

Employee benefits

  10,519,603   44,858,697   (1,773,416  —     53,604,884 

Inter-company charges and deductions

  (14,527,177  81,240,429   (21,516,287  (45,196,965  —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows (used in) from operating activities

  69,055,405   106,737,775   10,759,936   (44,766,526  141,786,590 

Investing activities:

     

Acquisition of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment and intangible assets

  (1,162,685  (103,408,759  (4,389,245  —     (108,960,689

Proceeds from sale of assets

  —     14,568   4,063,776   —     4,078,344 

Other assets

  3,586,010   212,421   —     —     3,798,431 

(Increase) decrease due to Inter-company investing

  (47,454,385  —     —     47,454,385   —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows used in investing activities

  (45,031,060  (103,181,770  (325,469  47,454,385   (101,083,914

Financing activities:

     

Loans obtained from financial institutions

  510,871,366   —     388,897,646   —     899,769,012 

Debt payments, principal only

  (450,353,531  (6,662,318  (384,017,543  —     (841,033,392

Interest paid

  (106,313,795  (7,857,926  (1,117,668  —     (115,289,389

Inter-company increase (decrease) financing

  —     8,620,192   (5,932,333  (2,687,859  —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows provided by financing activities:

  (45,795,960  (5,900,052  (2,169,898  (2,687,859  (56,553,769

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

  (21,771,615  (2,344,047  8,264,569   —     (15,851,093

Effects of change in cash value

  —     —     (88,252  —     (88,252

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

  46,959,103   18,815,345   32,077,306   —     97,851,754 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

 Ps.25,187,488  Ps.16,471,298  Ps.40,253,623  Ps.—    Ps.81,912,409 

NOTE 31.

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the year ended December 31, 2017

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Operating activities:

     

Net (loss) income for the year

 Ps.(280,844,898 Ps.(206,484,532 Ps.(5,082,639 Ps.211,561,450  Ps.(280,850,619

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:

     

Depreciation and amortization

  1,155,881   152,607,943   2,940,689   —     156,704,513 

Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

  —     145,302,407   6,142,153   —     151,444,560 

Unsuccessful wells

  —     6,164,624   —     —     6,164,624 

Exploration costs

  —     (1,447,761  —     —     (1,447,761

Disposal of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

  433,391   14,687,229   1,943,051   —     17,063,671 

Gain on sale of share in joint ventures and associates

  —     (3,139,103  —     —     (3,139,103

Disposal of held—for—sale current non—financial assets

  —     2,808,360   —     —     2,808,360 

Dividends

  —     —     (180,675  —     (180,675

Effects of net present value of reserve for well abandonment

  —     7,774,000   —     —     7,774,000 

Profit (loss) sharing in investments

  211,567,169   (409,955  49,515   (211,567,169  (360,440

Decrease onavailable–for-sale financial assets

  —     —     1,360,205   —     1,360,205 

Net loss onavailable-for-sale financial assets

  —     —     3,523,748   —     3,523,748 

Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)

  (13,526,153  (1,585,910  (1,573,376  —     (16,685,439

Interest expense

  100,545,114   15,736,420   1,363,014   —     117,644,548 

Funds (used in) from operating activities:

     

Accounts receivable, accounts payable and derivative financial instruments

  (88,496,967  (14,214,566  (20,789,692  —     (123,501,225

Inventories

  (62,421  (3,086,181  (14,818,268  —     (17,966,870

Other assets

  (7,091,867  (483,389  551,233   —     (7,024,023

Employee benefits

  18,829,768   31,489,785   (254,157  —     50,065,396 

Inter-company charges and deductions

  7,284,124   (114,968,213  514,270   107,169,819   —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows (used in) from operating activities

  (50,206,859  30,751,158   (24,310,929  107,164,100   63,397,470 

Investing activities:

     

Acquisition of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

  (1,436,926  (87,274,561  (3,147,978  —     (91,859,465

Resources from saleavailable-for-sale financial assets

  —     —     8,026,836   —     8,026,836 

Proceeds from the sale of assets

  —     3,863,072   (721,362  —     3,141,710 

(Increase) decrease due to Inter-company investing

  25,611,359   —     —     (25,611,359  —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows used in investing activities

  24,174,433   (83,411,489  4,157,496   (25,611,359  (80,690,919

Financing activities:

     

Loans obtained from financial institutions

  401,947,349   —     302,768,119   —     704,715,468 

Debt payments, principal only

  (327,703,729  (7,981,937  (306,374,153  —     (642,059,819

Interest paid

  (93,755,698  (13,991,633  (1,163,086  —     (108,910,417

Inter-company increase (decrease) financing

  —     83,716,743   (2,164,002  (81,552,741  —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows provided by financing activities:

  (19,512,078  61,743,173   (6,933,122  (81,552,741  (46,254,768

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

  (45,544,504  9,082,842   (27,086,555  —     (63,548,217

Effects of change in cash value

  —     —     (2,132,542  —     (2,132,542

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

  92,503,607   9,732,503   61,296,403   —     163,532,513 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

 Ps.46,959,103  Ps.18,815,345  Ps.32,077,306  Ps.—    Ps.97,851,754 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the year ended December 31, 2016

  Petróleos
Mexicanos
  Subsidiary
guarantors
  Non-guarantor
subsidiaries
  Eliminations  PEMEX
consolidated
 

Operating activities:

     

Net (loss) income for the year

 Ps.(191,311,476 Ps.(139,410,398 Ps.22,160,755  Ps.117,416,777  Ps.(191,144,342

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:

     

Depreciation and amortization

  1,066,033   146,545,307   2,828,151   —     150,439,491 

(Reversal) Impairment of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

  —     (330,037,834  (1,276,509  —     (331,314,343

Unsuccessful wells

  —     29,106,084   —     —     29,106,084 

Exploration costs

  —     (2,022,826  —     —     (2,022,826

Disposal of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

  320,599   2,658,625   792,063   —     3,771,287 

Loss in sale of fixed assets

  —     27,882,480   —     —     27,882,480 

Gain on sale of share in joint ventures and associates

  —     (15,211,039  —     —     (15,211,039

Profit (loss) sharing in joint ventures and associates

  117,249,643   (628,356  (1,507,489  (117,249,643  (2,135,845

Impairment of goodwill

  —     —     4,007,018   —     4,007,018 

Dividends

  —     —     (293,397  —     (293,397

Effects of net present value of reserve for well abandonment

  —     11,968,966   —     —     11,968,966 

Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)

  231,191,646   6,754,046   5,237,072   —     243,182,764 

Interest expense

  91,044,541   5,687,502   2,112,421   —     98,844,464 

Funds (used in) from operating activities:

     

Accounts receivable, accounts payable and derivative financial instruments

  23,636,331   (158,449,370  45,028,534   —     (89,784,505

Inventories

  83,317   3,508,494   (4,950,690  —     (1,358,879

Other assets

  (2,405,412  (22,600,504  (122,614  —     (25,128,530

Employee benefits

  2,591,000   136,354,337   (91,652,268  —     47,293,069 

Inter-company charges and deductions

  (393,835,932  (83,049,125  48,435,633   428,449,424   —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows (used in) from operating activities

  (120,369,710  (380,943,611  30,798,680   428,616,558   (41,898,083

Investing activities:

     

Acquisition of wells, pipelines, properties, plant and equipment

  (2,172,586  (147,786,686  (1,449,208  —     (151,408,480

Proceeds from the sale of assets

  —     23,611,009   (365,608  —     23,245,401 

Business acquisition

  —     —     (4,329,769  —     (4,329,769

(Increase) decrease due to Inter-company investing

  (39,612,699  —     —     39,612,699   —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows used in investing activities

  (41,785,285  (124,175,677  (6,144,585  39,612,699   (132,492,848

Financing activities:

     

Increase in equity due to Certificates of Contributions “A”

  73,500,000   —     —     —     73,500,000 

Loans obtained from financial institutions

  571,944,209   34,483,348   235,564,210   —     841,991,767 

Debt payments, principal only

  (372,809,166  (6,414,441  (235,763,722  —     (614,987,329

Interest paid

  (82,008,347  (4,706,946  (2,038,848  —     (88,754,141

Inter-company increase (decrease) financing

  —     464,488,030   3,741227   (468,229,257  —   
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash flows provided by financing activities:

  190,626,696   487,849,991   1,502,867   (468,229,257  211,750,297 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

  28,471,701   (17,269,297  26,156,962   —     37,359,366 

Effects of change in cash value

  5,570,892   20,371,126   (9,137,751  —     16,804,267 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

  58,461,014   6,630,674   44,277,192   —     109,368,880 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

 Ps.92,503,607  Ps.9,732,503  Ps.61,296,403  Ps.—    Ps.163,532,513 
 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 

 

NOTE 33. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ON OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED)

Under the Mexican Constitution, all crude oil and other hydrocarbon reserves located in the subsoil of Mexico are owned by the Mexican nation and not by PEMEX. In August 2014, through the Round Zero process, the Mexican Government granted PEMEX the right to extract, but not own, certain petroleum and other hydrocarbon reserves in Mexico through assignment deeds.

This note provides supplementary information on the oil and gas exploration, development and production activities of Pemex Exploration and Production in compliance with the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 93210-5 “Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas” (“ASC Topic 932”) and Accounting Standards Update2010-03 (see Note3-G).

As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, all exploration and production activities of Pemex Exploration and Production are conducted in Mexico. The supplemental data presented herein reflect information for all of Pemex Exploration and Production’s oil and gas producing activities.

 

A.

Capitalized costs for oil and gas producing activities (unaudited):

 

  As of December 31,      2020   2019   2018 
  2018   2017   2016 

Proved reserves

  Ps.2,505,307,260   Ps.2,363,336,481   Ps.2,476,535,503 

Proved Properties

  Ps.   2,483,134,177    2,306,255,209    2,505,307,260 

Construction in progress

   51,033,968    35,381,089    60,720,261      64,911,619    50,951,279    51,033,968 

Accumulated depreciation and amortization

   (1,572,649,381   (1,444,962,317   (1,355,402,150     (1,775,163,736   (1,675,843,298   (1,572,649,381
  

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 

Net capitalized costs

  Ps.983,691,846   Ps.953,755,253   Ps.1,181,853,614   Ps.   772,882,060    681,363,190    983,691,847 
  

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

B.

Costs incurred for oil and gas property exploration and development activities (unaudited):

 

  As of December 31, 
  2018   2017      2020   2019 

Exploration

  Ps.36,208,481   Ps.32,480,801   Ps.   33,986,110    31,222,023 

Development

   56,040,685    53,460,364      97,041,516    82,135,240 
  

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

 

Total costs incurred

  Ps.92,249,166   Ps.85,941,165   Ps.   131,027,626    113,357,263 
  

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

 

There are noPEMEX does not have property acquisition costs because PEMEXthe oil reserves it exploits oil reservesare owned by the Mexican nation.

Exploration costs include costs forof geological and geophysical studies of fields amounting toin the amount of Ps. 15,510,3279,599,274 and Ps. 8,828,809,10,663,334, for 20182020 and 2017, respectively, that,2019, respectively. These costs are accounted for as geological and geophysical exploration expenses, in accordance with the successful efforts method of accounting, are accounted for as geological and geophysical exploration expenses.accounting.

Development costs include those costs incurred in obtaining access to proved reserves and providing facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing oil and gas.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

C.

Results of operations for oil and gas producing activities (unaudited):

 

  2018   2017   2016      2020   2019   2018 

Revenues from sale of oil and gas

  Ps.910,433,244   Ps.762,637,362   Ps.616,380,608   Ps.   558,051,547    762,102,939    910,433,244 
  

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 

Hydrocarbon duties

   443,491,451    375,156,405    304,299,019      154,609,136    343,242,436    443,491,451 

Production costs (excluding taxes)

   273,695,691    248,957,950    171,194,337      257,571,641    275,090,795    273,695,691 

Other revenue and expenses

   (10,109,114   (3,954,222   61,359,271 

Other costs and expenses

     (7,024,695   (6,910,321   (10,109,114

Exploration expenses

   30,953,413    14,993,433    39,693,273      31,868,857    90,258,519    30,953,413 

Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion

   28,845,604    240,672,906    (150,891,739     845,380    222,651,461    28,845,604 
  

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 
   766,877,047    875,826,472    425,654,161      437,870,319    924,332,890    766,877,047 
  

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 

Results of operations for oil and gas producing activities

  Ps.143,556,198   Ps.(113,189,111  Ps.190,726,447   Ps.   120,181,228    (162,229,951   143,556,198 
  

 

   

 

   

 

     

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

Note:D.

Numbers may not total due to rounding.

D.

Sales prices (unaudited)

The following table summarizes average sales prices in U.S. dollars for each of the years ended December 31 (excluding production taxes):

 

  2018   2017   2016 

Description

  2020   2019   2018 

Weighted average sales price per barrel of oil equivalent (boe)(1)

  US$50.89   US$38.63   US$29.18   U.S. $        27.86   U.S. $        43.52   U.S. $        50.89 

Crude oil, per barrel

   62.99    48.71    36.55    35.47    57.13    62.99 

Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet

   5.57    4.32    3.01    2.54    3.55    5.57 

 

(1) 

To convert dry gas to barrels of oil equivalent, a factor of 5.201 thousand cubic feet of dry gas per barrel of oil equivalent is used.

 

E.

Crude oil and natural gas reserves (unaudited)

Under the Mexican Constitution, all oil and other hydrocarbon reserves located in the subsoil of Mexico are owned by the Mexican nation and not by PEMEX. Under the Petróleos Mexicanos Law, Pemex Exploration and Production has the right to extract, but not own, these reserves, and to sell the resulting production. The exploration and development activities of Petróleos Mexicanos and the Subsidiary Entities are limited to reserves located in Mexico.

Proved oil and natural gas reserves are those estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations.

Proved reserves estimates as of December 31, 20182020 were prepared by the exploration and production segment and were reviewed by the Independent Engineering Firms (as defined below), which audit its estimates of its hydrocarbon reserves. AsAccording to the Lineamientos que Regulan los Procedimientos de Cuantificación y Certificación de Reservas de la Nación (Guidelines for Regulating the Nation’s Reserves Quantification and Certification Procedures), CNH should review and approve of hydrocarbons reserves reports of Mexico’s operators in the month of April. The CNH reviewed the proved reserves reports estimates as of December 31, 2020 and approved them on April 20, 2021. However, as of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the proved reserves estimatesCNH has not published the resolution.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as of December 31, 2018 have not been approved by the NHC.noted)

Pemex Exploration and Production estimates proved reserves based on generally accepted petroleum engineering and evaluation methods and procedures, which are based primarily on applicable SEC regulations and, as necessary, the SPE’s publication entitled Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information, dated February 19, 2007June 25, 2019, and other SPE publications, including the SPE’s publication entitled Petroleum Resources Management System, as well as other technical sources, including Estimation and

Classification of Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Condensate, by Chapman Cronquist, and Determination of Oil and Gas Reserves, Petroleum Society Monograph Number 1, published by the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy & Petroleum. The choice of method or combination of methods employed in the analysis of each reservoir is determined by:

 

Experience in the area

 

Stage of development

 

Quality and completeness of basic data

 

Production and pressure histories

Reserves data set forth herein represents only estimates. Reserves valuation is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of crude oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner. The accuracy of any reserves estimate depends on the quality of available data, engineering and geological interpretation and professional judgment. As a result, estimates of different engineers may vary. In addition, the results of drilling, testing and producing subsequent to the date of an estimate may lead to the revision of an estimate.

During 2018,2020, PEMEX did not record any material increase in PEMEX’s hydrocarbons reserves as a result of the use of new technologies.

In order to ensure the reliability of PEMEX’s reserves estimation efforts, it has undertaken the internal certification of its estimates of reserves since 1996. PEMEX has established certain internal controls in connection with the preparation of its proved reserves estimates. Initially, teams of geoscientists from Pemex Exploration and Production’s exploration and exploitation business units (with each of these units covering several projects) prepare the reserves estimates, using distinct estimation processes for valuations relating to new discoveries and developed fields, respectively. Subsequently, the regional reserves offices collect these reserves estimates from the units and request that the Gerencia de Recursos y Certificación de Reservas de Hidrocarburos, (Office of Resources and Reserves Certification), the central hydrocarbon reserves management body of Pemex Exploration and Production, review and certify such valuations and the booking of the related reserves. This internal certification process is undertaken in accordance with internal guidelines for estimating and classifying hydrocarbon reserves, which are based on the SEC’s rules and definitions.

The Office of Resources and Reserves Certification, which additionally oversees and conducts an internal audit of the above process, consists entirely of professionals with geological, geophysical, petrophysical and reservoir engineering backgrounds. The engineers who participate in PEMEX’s reserves estimation process are experienced in the following areas: reservoir numerical simulation; well drilling and completion; pressure, volume and temperature (PVT) analysis; analytical tools used in forecasting the performance of the various elements comprising the production system; and design strategies in petroleum field development. Furthermore, all of PEMEX’s personnel have been certified by the Secretaría de Educación Pública (Ministry of Public Education), most have earned master’s degrees in areas of study such as petroleum engineering, geology and geophysical engineering and they possess an average of over fifteen years of professional experience.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

In addition to this internal review process, Pemex Exploration and Production’s final reserves estimates are audited by independent engineering firms. ThreeFour independent engineering firms audited Pemex Exploration and Production’s estimates of proved reserves as of December 31, 2018:2020 or January 1, 2021: DeGolyer and MacNaughton (“DeGolyer”), Netherland, Sewell International, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Netherland Sewell”) and, GLJ Petroleum Consultants LTD. (“GLJ”) and Sproule International Limited (“Sproule”), the “Independent Engineering Firms”. The reserves estimatesestimate reviewed by the Independent Engineering Firms totaled 97.0%97.8% of PEMEX’s estimated proved reserves. The remaining 3.0%2.2% of PEMEX’s estimated proved reserves consisted of reserves located mainly in certain areas which have been shared with third parties. Under such agreements, the corresponding third party is responsible of assessing the volume of reserves.

Netherland Sewell audited the reserves in the Cantarell,Ku-Maloob-Zaap, Cinco Presidentes and Macuspana-Muspac business units, DeGolyer audited the reserves in the Aceite Terciario de Golfo, Poza Rica-Altamira,Abkatún-Pol-Chuc and Litoral de Tabasco business units and GLJ audited the reserves in the Burgos, Veracruz, Bellota-Jujo and Samaria-Luna business units.units and Sproule audited the reserves in the fields recently added to Pemex´s inventory reserves. The audits conducted by the Independent Engineering Firms consisted primarily of: (1) analysis of historical static and dynamic reservoir data provided by Pemex-Exploration and Production; (2) construction or updating of the Independent Engineering Firms’ own static and dynamic reservoir characterization models of some of the fields; (3) economic analysis of the fields; and (4) review of Pemex Exploration and Production’s production forecasts and reserves estimates.

Since reserves estimates are, by definition, only estimates, they cannot be reviewed for the purpose of verifying exactness. Instead, the Independent Engineering Firms conducted a detailed review of Pemex Exploration and Production’s reserves estimates so that they could express an opinion as to whether, in the aggregate, the reserves estimates that Pemex Exploration and Production furnished were reasonable and had been estimated and presented in conformity with generally accepted petroleum engineering and evaluation methods and procedures.

All questions, including any suggested modifications to proved reserves estimates, that arose during the Independent Engineering Firms’ review process were resolved by Pemex Exploration and Production to the satisfaction of the Independent Engineering Firms. The Independent Engineering Firms have concluded that PEMEX’s estimated total proved oil and natural gas reserve volumes set forth in this report are, in the aggregate, reasonable and have been prepared in accordance with Rule4-10(a) are consistent with international reserves reporting practice and are in accordance with the revised oil and gas reserves disclosure provisions of ASC Topic 932.

PEMEX’s total proved developed and undeveloped reserves of crude oil, condensates and liquefiable hydrocarbons recoverable from field processing plants decreasedincreased by 10.0%1.3% in 2018,2020, from 6,4275,960.6 million barrels at December 31, 20172019 to 5,7876,041.0 million barrels at December 31, 2018.2020. PEMEX’s proved developed reserves of crude oil, condensates and liquefiable hydrocarbons recoverable from processing plants decreasedincreased by 14.0%0.5 % in 2018,2020, from 4,1663,585.0 million barrels at December 31, 20172019 to 3,5883,603.4 million barrels at December 31, 2018. These decreases were principally due to oil production in 2018, a decrease in field development activities and field behavior and the transfer to third parties, who were awarded with contracts,2020. The amount of certain fields such as Cardenas-Mora and Ogarrio, Misión, Miquetla and Ebano, of which PEMEX is assigned approximately 50% of their reserves. The amountour proved reserves of crude oil, condensate and liquefiable hydrocarbon reserves added in 20182020 was insufficientenough to offset the level of production in 2018,2020, which amounted to 743694.8 million barrels of crude oil, condensates and liquefiable hydrocarbons.

PEMEX’s total proved developed and undeveloped dry gas reserves decreasedincreased by 3%10.0% in 2018,2020, from 6,5936,351.7 billion cubic feet at December 31, 20172019 to 6,3706,984.2 billion cubic feet at December 31, 2018.2020. PEMEX’s proved developed dry gas reserves decreasedincreased by 25 %8.7% in 2018,2020, from 4,5133,608.5 billion cubic feet at December 31, 20172019 to 3,3803,922.3 billion cubic feet at December 31, 2018.2020. These decreasesincreases were principally due to oil productionhigher proved developed dry gas reserves in 2018, a decrease in field development activitiesthe fields of Poza Rica, Burgos and field behavior and the transfer to third parties, who were awarded with contracts, of certain fields such as Cardenas-Mora and Ogarrio, Misión, Miquetla and Ebano, of which PEMEX is assigned approximately 50% of their reserves.Abkatún-Pol-Chuc business units. The amount of dry gas reserves added in 20182020 was insufficientenough to offset the level of production in 2018,2020, which amounted to 887818.7 billion cubic feet of dry gas. PEMEX’s proved undeveloped dry gas reserves increased by 16%11.6% in 2018,2020, from 2,5672,743.1 billion cubic feet at December 31, 20172019 to 2,9903,061.9 billion cubic feet at December 31, 2018.2020. This increase was principally due to an increase in proved undeveloped dry gas reserves in the fields of Poza Rica, Burgos and Abkatún-Pol-Chuc business units.

During 2018, our2020, PEMEX’s exploratory activity in the deep and shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico and onshore regions resulted in three new discoveries of gasoil fields (Camatl, Paki and condensateXolotl). In addition, PEMEX discovered three new reservoirs in the deep waterexisting fields Cibix, Terra and crude oil discoveriesPokche. Further, extension activities in the offshore fields. These discoveries, together with the successful delineation of the deep water Doctus field with light crude oilour Pokche, Ixachi and the onshore Ixachi field,Quesqui fields led to the incorporation of additional reserves. Together, these extensions and discoveries led to the incorporation approximately 1,100130.6 million barrels of oil equivalentequivalent.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in three fields.thousands, except as noted)

The following three tables of crude oil and dry gas reserves set forth PEMEX’s estimates of its proved reserves determined in accordance with Rule4-10(a).

Summary of oil and gas(1) proved reserves as of December 31, 20182020

based on average fiscal year prices

 

  Crude oil and
Condensates (2)
   Dry Gas (3)   Crude oil and
Condensates (2)
   Dry Gas (3) 
  

(in millions

of barrels)

   

(in billions

of cubic feet)

   

(in millions

of barrels)

   

(in billions

of cubic feet)

 

Proved developed andun-developed reserves:

        

Proved developed reserves

   3,488    3,380    3,603.4    3,922.3 

Proved undeveloped reserves

   2,198    2,990    2,437.6    3,061.9 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Total proved reserves

   5,787    6,370                6,041.0                6,984.2 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1) 

PEMEX does not currently produce synthetic oil or synthetic gas, or other natural resources from which synthetic oil or synthetic gas can be produced.

(2) 

Crude oil and condensate reserves include the fraction of liquefiable hydrocarbons recoverable in natural gas processing plants located at fields.

(3) 

Reserve volumes reported in this table are volumes of dry gas, although natural gas production reported in other tables refers to sour wet gas. There is a shrinkage in volume when natural gas liquids and impurities are extracted to obtain dry gas. Therefore, reported natural gas volumes are greater than dry gas volumes.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

Crude oil and condensate reserves

(including natural gas liquids)(1)

 

  2018   2017   2016   2020   2019   2018 
  (in millions of barrels)   (in millions of barrels) 

Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:

            

At December 31

   6,427    7,219    7,977    5,961    5,786    6,427 

Revisions(2)

   22    (95   189    651    784    22 

Extensions and discoveries

   140    147    (55   97    78    140 

Production

   (743   (805   (891   (695   (687   (744

Farm outs & transfer of fields due to NHC bidding process

   (59   (38   —   

Farm-outs and transfers to E&P contracts (CEE) and transfers of fields due to CNH bidding process

   27    —      (59
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

At December 31

   5,787    6,427    7,219    6,041    5,961    5,786 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Proved developed reserves at December 31

   3,488    4,166    4,886    3,603    3,585    3,588 

Proved undeveloped reserves at December 31

   2,198    2,261    2,333    2,438    2,376    2,198 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1) 

Crude oil and condensate reserves include the fraction of liquefiable hydrocarbons recoverable in natural gas processing plants located at fields.

(2)

Revisions include positive and negative changes due to new data from well drilling, revisions made when actual reservoir performance differs from expected performance and changes in hydrocarbon prices.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

Dry gas reserves

 

  2018   2017   2016   2020   2019   2018 
  (in billions of cubic feet)   (in billions of cubic feet) 

Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:

            

At December 31

   6,593    6,984    8,610    6,352    6,370    6,593 

Revisions(1)

   3    169    (183   1,240    656    3 

Extensions and discoveries

   809    468    (308   176    196    809 

Production(2)

   (887   (999   (1,134   (819   (870   (887

Farm outs & transfer of fields due to NHC bidding process

   (148   (29   —   

Farm outs and transfer to E&P contracts (CEE) and transfers of fields due to CNH bidding process

   35    —      (148
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

At December 31

   6,370    6,593    6,984    6,984    6,352    6,370 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Proved developed reserves at December 31

   3,380    4,026    4,513    3,922    3,609    3,380 

Proved undeveloped reserves at December 31

   2,990    2,567    2,471    3,062    2,743    2,990 

Note: Numbers may not total due to rounding.

(1) 

Revisions include positive and negative changes due to new data from well drilling, revisions made when actual reservoir performance differs from expected performance and changes in hydrocarbon prices.

(2) 

Production refers here to dry gas, although natural gas production reported in other tables refers to sour wet gas. There is a shrinkage in volume when natural gas liquids and impurities are extracted to obtain dry gas. Therefore, reported natural gas volumes are greater than dry gas volumes.

Source: Pemex Exploration and Production.

Pemex Exploration and Production’s reserve-replacement ratio, or RRR,“RRR”, for a given period is calculated by dividing the sum of proved reserves additions due to discoveries, developments, delineations and revisions by that period’s total production. During 2018,2020, we obtained an increase of 3181,019.9 million barrels of oil equivalent of proved reserves as aggregated from discoveries, revisions, delimitations and development and production, which represents a RRR of 35%119.7%. PEMEX’s 20182020 RRR is an improvement as comparedsimilar to 2017, when theits 2019 RRR, which was 17%120.1%. PEMEX expects continued improvements in itsto continue to obtain an RRR in subsequentgreater than 100%, consistent with the last two years.

PEMEX’s reserves production ratio (“RRP”), which is presented in terms of years, is calculated by dividing the estimated remaining reserves at the end of the relevant year by the total production of hydrocarbons for that year. As of December 31, 2018,2020, this ratio stayed constant with 2017 levels and was equal to 7.7is 8.7 years for proved reserves.reserves which is similar to the RRP of 2019.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

 

F.

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows related to proved oil and gas reserves (unaudited)

The standardized measure tables presented below relate to proved oil and gas reserves excluding proved reserves scheduled to be produced after the year 2042.2046. This measure is presented in accordance with ASC Topic 932.

Estimated future cash inflows from production are computed by applying average prices of oil and gas on the first day of each month of 2018.2020. Future development and production costs are those estimated future expenditures needed to develop and produce theyear-end estimated proved reserves after a net cash flows discount factor of 10%, assuming constantyear-end economic conditions.

Future tax expenses are computed by applying the appropriateyear-end statutory tax rates with consideration of the tax rates of the new fiscal regime for Pemex Exploration and Production already legislated for 20182020 to the futurepre-tax net cash flows related to PEMEX’s proved oil and gas reserves.

The estimated future payment of taxes was calculated based on the latest fiscal regime applicable by decree to Pemex Exploration and Production, effective January 1, 2015 and by the tax benefits published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on April 18, 2016.December 9, 2019.

The standardized measure provided below represents a comparative benchmark value rather than an estimate of expected future cash flows or fair market value of PEMEX’s production rights. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and in projecting future rates of production and timing of development expenditures, including many factors beyond the control of the producer. Accordingly, reserve estimates may be materially different from the quantities of crude oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered.

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows as of December 31

 

  2018   2017   2016           2020                   2019                   2018         
  (in millions of U.S. dollars)   (in millions of U.S. dollars) 

Future cash inflows

  US$321,065   US$269,489   US$228,196    201,777    330,286    321,065 

Future production costs (excluding profit taxes)

   (103,498   (114,369   (87,942   (109,064   (114,782   (103,498

Future development costs

   (22,224   (26,229   (25,515   (23,631   (37,540   (22,224
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Future cash flows before tax

   195,343    128,891    114,738    69,082    177,964    195,343 

Future production and excess gains taxes

   (156,691   (129,377   (108,960   (73,122   (134,174   (156,691
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Future net cash flows

   38,652    (487   5,779    (4,040   43,790    38,652 

Effect of discounting net cash flows by 10%

   (12,434   (4,600   (937   3,359    (18,807   (12,434
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows

  US$26,218   US$4,113   US$4,841    (681   24,983    26,218 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Note: Table amounts may not total due to rounding.

Petróleos Mexicanos

Productive State-Owned Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Companies

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

(Figures stated in thousands, except as noted)

To comply with ASC Topic 932, the following table presents the aggregate standardized measure changes for each of the last three years and significant sources of variance:

Changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows

 

  2018   2017   2016           2020                   2019                   2018         
  (in millions of U.S. dollars)   (in millions of U.S. dollars) 

Sales of oil and gas produced, net of production costs

  US$(31,279  US$(25,076  US$(19,411   (16,968     (29,530     (31,279

Net changes in prices and production costs

   62,902    26,355    (53,278     (39,509   73,278    62,902 

Extensions and discoveries

   4,323    3,639    1,105    1,426    1,658    4,323 

Development cost incurred during the year

   2,984    2,699    4,124    4,654    4,281    2,984 

Changes in estimated development costs

   (2,146   2,744    1,763    (10,019   3,341    (2,146

Reserves revisions and timing changes

   1,511    (1,353   6,366    5,808    (19,615   1,511 

Accretion of discount ofpre-tax net cash flows

   6,628    5,891    11,094    5,929    (9,305   6,628 

Net changes in production and excess gains taxes

   (22,817   (15,628   37,537    23,015    (25,343   (22,818
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Aggregate change in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows

  US$22,105   US$(728  US$(10,700   (25,664   (1,235   22,105 
  

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

Standardized measure:

      

As of January 1

  US$4,113   US$4,841   US$15,541 

As of December 31

   26,218    4,113    4,841 
  

 

   

 

   

 

 

Change

  US$22,105   US$(728  US$(10,700
  

 

   

 

   

 

 

           2020                   2019                   2018         
   (in millions of U.S. dollars) 

Standardized measure:

      

As of January 1

      24,983       26,218    4,113 

As of December 31

   (681   24,983       26,218 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change

   (25,664   (1,235   22,105 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note: Table amounts may not total due to rounding.

In computing the amounts under each factor of change, the effects of variances in prices and costs are computed before the effects of changes in quantities. Consequently, changes in reserves are calculated at December 31 prices and costs.

The change in computed taxes includes taxes effectively incurred during the year and the change in future tax expense.

 

F-144F-169