As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on October 30 , 2018

Registration No. 333-________333- 226428

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________

Amendment No. 3

to

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

HEATWURX, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_________________

_________________7380 Coca Cola Drive, Suite 106,

Hanover, Maryland 21076

(443) 776-3133

(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices)

David Young, Pharm.D., Ph.D.

Chief Executive Officer

7380 Coca Cola Drive, Suite 106,

Hanover, Maryland 21076

(443) 776-3133

(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)

Copies to:

Michael B. Kirwan

John J. Wolfel, Jr.

Foley & Lardner LLP

One Independent Drive, Suite 1300

Jacksonville, Florida 32202

(904) 359-2000

APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:As soon as practicalFrom time to time after this registration statement is declared effective by the SEC.becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box:obox. [X]

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities1933 Act, please check the following box and list the Securities1933 Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.o [  ]

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities1933 Act, check the following box and list the Securities1933 Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.o [  ]

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities1933 Act, check the following box and list the Securities1933 Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.o [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Ac.Act of 1934. (Check one):

Large accelerated filero                                                                                 Accelerated filer                  o

Non-accelerated filer   o (DoIf an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company  þto use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. [X]

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

(1)

Shares of Series A, B and C Preferred Stock will convert automatically into shares of common stock upon the closing date of this offering, as follows:   RISK FACTORS

·

Series A – 600,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock are convertible into 4,200,000 shares of common stock at $0.12 per share;

·

Series B – 1,500,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock are convertible into 1,500,000 shares of common stock at $2.00 per share; and

·

Series C – 760,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock are convertible into 760,000 shares of common stock at $2.00 per share.

(2)

Amount gives effect to the automatic conversion of all 2,860,000 shares of preferred stock to 6,460,000 shares of common stock but does not include:

·

the issuance of 1,022,000 and 1,440,000 shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options and performance stock options, respectively;

·

the issuance of 25,000 units that may be sold by the Company upon exercise of the Underwriter’s overallotment option;

·

the issuance of 762,500 shares of common stock underlying 762,500 outstanding warrants issued by the Company, including the issuance of 12,500 warrants that may be sold by the Company upon exercise of the Underwriter’s overallotment option; and

·

the issuance of 150,000 shares of common stock underlying warrants issued to our Underwriter in connection with this offering.  

- 2 -

Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock and warrantssecurities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below together with allbefore purchasing any of the other information included in this prospectus, before making an investment decision.Shares. If any of the following risks actually occurs,occur, our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations could suffer. In that case,be materially adversely affected, the trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. You should readacquire the section entitled “Cautionaryshares to which this prospectus relates only if you can afford to lose your entire investment. You should also refer to the other information contained in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements, and the information set forth under the caption “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking StatementsStatements.” The risks described below for a discussion of what types of statementsand contained in our other periodic reports are forward-looking statements, as well asnot the significance of such statements in the context of this prospectus.only ones that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business operations.

Risks RelatingRelated to the Company’s BusinessOur Financial Position and Need for Capital

We have a history of losses and we may never become profitable.

We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company with a limited operating historyhistory. Processa, itself as an organization, has never had a drug approved by the FDA or any regulatory agency. The likelihood of success of our business plan must be considered in light of the challenges, substantial expenses, difficulties, complications and delays frequently encountered in connection with developing and expanding early-stage businesses and the regulatory and competitive environment in which we operate. Biopharmaceutical product development is a highly speculative undertaking, involves a substantial degree of risk, and is a capital-intensive business. If we cannot successfully execute our plan to develop our pipeline of drug(s), our business may not succeed.

Promet Therapeutics, LLC, whose assets were acquired by Processa, had an accumulated deficit of $3.253 million incurred since its inception on August 31, 2015 through the date of acquisition on October 4, 2017. Subsequent to the date of acquisition, the accumulated deficit increased to approximately $6.2 million at June 30, 2018. The Company will incur additional losses as we continue our research and development activities, seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates and engage in clinical trials. These losses will cause, among other things, our stockholders’ equity and working capital to decrease. Any future earnings and cash flow from operations of our business are dependent on our ability to further develop our products and on revenues and profitability from sales of products or successful joint venture relationships.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient product revenue to become profitable at all or on a sustained basis. Even if we generate revenues, we expect to have quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in revenues and expenses, some of which could be significant, due to research, development, clinical trial, and marketing and manufacturing expenses and activities. We also expect to incur substantial expenses without corresponding revenues, unless and until we are able to obtain regulatory approval and successfully license or commercialize our product candidates. If our product candidates fail in clinical trials or do not gain regulatory approval, or if our products do not achieve market acceptance, we may never become profitable.

We may never be able to obtain regulatory approval for the marketing of our product candidates in any indication in the United States or internationally. As we commercialize and market products, we will need to incur expenses for product marketing and brand awareness and conduct significant research, development, testing and regulatory compliance activities that, together with general and administrative expenses, could result in substantial operating losses for the foreseeable future. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our stock price may decline, and you may lose all or a substantial part of your investment in us.

We will require additional financing.

We will require substantial additional capital in the future to further our development and license of our current and any additional products. We have historically relied upon private investments to fund our operations. Delays in obtaining additional funding could adversely affect our ability to move forward with additional studies or in licensing activities.

Substantial doubt existed at the time of filing of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the six months ended June 30, 2018 about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to obtain additional financing will be subject to a number of factors, including market conditions, our operating performance and investor sentiment. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of one or more of our product candidates, restrict our operations or obtain funds by entering into agreements on unattractive terms, which would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, stock price and our relationships with third parties with whom we have business relationships, at least until additional funding is obtained. If we do not have sufficient funds to continue operations, we could be required to seek bankruptcy protection or other alternatives that would likely result in our stockholders losing some or all of their investment in us.

We do not have any credit facilities as a source of future funds, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to raise sufficient additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all. We may seek additional capital through a combination of private and public equity offerings, debt financings and strategic collaborations. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders could be significantly diluted, and these newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. Debt financing, if obtained, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, could increase our expenses and require that our assets secure such debt. Moreover, any debt we incur must be repaid regardless of our operating results. If we choose to pursue additional indications and/or geographies for our product candidates, in-license additional development assets, or otherwise expand more rapidly than we presently anticipate, we may also need to raise additional capital sooner than expected.

Since inception we have not generated any revenue, have incurred net losses, have used net cash in our operations and have funded our business and operations primarily through proceeds from the private placement of equity securities and senior secured convertible notes. We expect to continue to require significant future financing to fund our operating activities and to use cash in operating activities for the foreseeable future as we continue our research and development activities to develop products that can be commercialized to generate revenue. Our ability to obtain additional financing will be subject to a number of factors, including market conditions, our operating performance and investor sentiment. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of one or more of our product candidates, restrict our operations or obtain funds by entering into agreements on unattractive terms, which would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, stock price and our relationships with third parties with whom we have business relationships, at least until additional funding is obtained. As a result, substantial doubt existed about our ability to continue as a going concern as of the date of the filing of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of recorded assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be different should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern based on the outcome of these uncertainties described above.

Risks Relating to Clinical Development and Commercialization of Our Product Candidates

We currently do not have, and may never develop, any FDA-approved, licensed or commercialized products.

We have not yet sought to obtain any regulatory approvals for any product candidates in the United States or in any foreign market. For us to develop any products that might be licensed or commercialized, we will have to invest further time and capital in research and product development, regulatory compliance and market development. Therefore, we and our licensor(s), prospective business partners and other collaborators may never develop any products that can be licensed or commercialized. All of our development efforts will require substantial additional funding, none of which may result in any revenue.

We depend entirely on the successful development of our product candidates, which have not yet demonstrated efficacy for their target indications in clinical trials. We may never be able to demonstrate efficacy for our product candidates, thus preventing us from licensing, obtaining marketing approval by any regulatory agency, and/or commercializing our product(s).

Our product candidates are either in the early stages of clinical development or late stages of preclinical development. Significant additional research and development activity and clinical testing are required before we will have a chance to achieve a viable product for licensing or commercialization from such candidates. Our research and development efforts remain subject to all the risks associated with the development of new biopharmaceutical products and treatments. Development of the underlying technology may be affected by unanticipated technical or other problems, among other research and development issues, and the possible insufficiency of funds needed in order to complete development of these product candidates. Safety, regulatory and efficacy issues, clinical hurdles or other challenges may result in delays and cause us to incur additional expenses that would increase our losses. If we and our collaborators cannot complete, or if we experience significant delays in developing, our potential therapeutics or products for use in potential commercial applications, particularly after incurring significant expenditures, our business may fail, and investors may lose the entirety of their investment.

When we submit an IND or foreign equivalent to the FDA or international regulatory authorities seeking approval to initiate clinical trials in the United States and other countries, we may not be successful in obtaining acceptance from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities to start our clinical trials. If we do not obtain such acceptance, the time in which we expect to commence clinical programs for any product candidate will be extended and such extension will increase our expenses and increase our need for additional capital. Moreover, there is no guarantee that our clinical trials will be successful or that we will continue clinical development in support of an approval from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for any indication. We note that most drug candidates never reach the clinical development stage and even those that do commence clinical development have only a small chance of successfully completing clinical development and gaining regulatory approval. Therefore, our business currently depends entirely on the successful development, regulatory approval, and licensing or commercialization of our product candidates, which may never occur.

We must successfully complete clinical trials for our product candidates before we can apply for marketing approval.

Even if we complete our clinical trials, it does not assure marketing approval. Our clinical trials may be unsuccessful, which would materially harm our business. Even if our initial clinical trials are successful, we are required to conduct additional clinical trials to establish our product candidates’ safety and efficacy, before a NDA. Clinical testing is expensive, is difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. Success in early phases of pre-clinical and clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results. A failure of one or more of our clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, the clinical trial process that could delay or prevent our ability to receive regulatory approval or commercialize our product candidates. The research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, packaging, storage, approval, sale, marketing, advertising and promotion, pricing, export, import and distribution of drug products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States and other countries, which regulations differ from country to country.

We are not permitted to market our product candidates as prescription pharmaceutical products in the United States until we receive approval of an NDA from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until we receive the requisite approval from such countries. In the United States, the FDA generally requires the completion of clinical trials of each drug to establish its safety and efficacy and extensive pharmaceutical development to ensure its quality before an NDA is approved. Regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions impose similar requirements. Of the large number of drugs in development, only a small percentage result in the submission of an NDA to the FDA and even fewer are eventually approved for commercialization. If our development efforts for our product candidates, including regulatory approval, are not successful for their planned indications, or if adequate demand for our product candidates is not generated, our business will be materially adversely affected.

We cannot guarantee that regulators will agree with our assessment of the results of the clinical trials we intend to conduct in the future or that such trials will be successful. The FDA, EMA and other regulators have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept any application or may decide that our data is insufficient for approval and require additional clinical trials, or pre-clinical or other studies. In addition, varying interpretations of the data obtained from pre-clinical and clinical testing could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval of our product candidates.

We have no corporate history of conducting clinical trials. Our planned clinical trials or those of our collaborators may reveal significant adverse events, toxicities or other side effects not seen in our preclinical studies and may result in a safety profile that could inhibit regulatory approval or market acceptance of any of our product candidates

Our operations to date have been limited to financing and staffing the Company, conducting research and developing our core technologies, and identifying and optimizing our lead product clinical candidates. Although we have recruited a team that has experience with clinical trials in the United States and outside the United States, as a company, we have no corporate experience conducting clinical trials in any jurisdiction and have not had previous experience commercializing product candidates or submitting an investigational new drug application or any Application to the FDA or similar submissions to initiate clinical trials or obtain marketing authorization to foreign regulatory authorities. We cannot be certain that planned clinical trials will begin or be completed on time, if at all, that our planned development programs would be acceptable to the FDA or other regulatory authorities, or that, if regulatory approval is obtained, our product candidates can be successfully commercialized. Clinical trials and commercializing our product candidates will require significant additional financial and management resources, and reliance on third-party clinical investigators, contract research organizations (“CROs”), consultants and collaborators. Relying on third-party clinical investigators, CROs or collaborators may result in delays that are outside of our control.

Furthermore, we may not have the financial resources to continue development of, or to enter into collaborations for, a product candidate if we experience any problems or other unforeseen events that delay or prevent regulatory approval of, or our ability to commercialize, product candidates.

In order to obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates, we must demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for the relevant clinical indication or indications through preclinical studies and clinical trials as well as additional supporting data. If our product candidates are associated with undesirable side effects in preclinical studies or clinical trials or have characteristics that are unexpected, we may need to interrupt, delay or abandon their development or limit development to more narrow uses or subpopulations in which the undesirable side effects or other characteristics are less prevalent, less severe or more acceptable from a risk-benefit perspective.

Although CoNCERT Pharmaceuticals had dosed our drug product in healthy human volunteers and diabetic nephropathy patients, we have not yet initiated any clinical trials or dosed any of our product candidates in the targeted population of patients. Preclinical studies of our product candidates have been completed, but we do not know the predictive value of these studies for our targeted population of patients, and we cannot guarantee that any positive results in preclinical studies will translate successfully to our targeted population of patients. It is not uncommon to observe results in human clinical trials that are unexpected based on preclinical testing, and many product candidates fail in clinical trials despite promising preclinical results. Moreover, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and many companies that have believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtain marketing approval for their products. Human patients in clinical trials may suffer significant adverse events or other side effects not observed in our preclinical studies, including, but not limited to, immunogenic responses, organ toxicities such as liver, heart or kidney or other tolerability issues or possibly even death. The observed potency and kinetics of our planned product candidates in preclinical studies may not be observed in human clinical trials. If clinical trials of our planned product candidates fail to demonstrate efficacy to the satisfaction of regulatory authorities or do not otherwise produce positive results, we may incur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our planned product candidates which may result in complete loss of expenditures which we devote to those products.

If significant adverse events or other side effects are observed in any of our future clinical trials, we may have difficulty recruiting patients to the clinical trial, patients may drop out of our trial, or we may be required to abandon the trial or our development efforts of that product candidate altogether. We, the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities, or an Institutional Review Board (“IRB”) may suspend clinical trials of a product candidate at any time for various reasons, including a belief that subjects in such trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or adverse side effects. Some potential therapeutics developed in the biotechnology industry that initially showed therapeutic promise in early-stage studies have later been found to cause side effects that prevented their further development. Even if the side effects do not preclude the drug from obtaining or maintaining marketing approval, undesirable side effects may inhibit market acceptance of the approved product due to its tolerability versus other therapies. Any of these developments could materially harm our business, financial condition and prospects.

Further, if any of our product candidates obtains marketing approval, toxicities associated with our product candidates may also develop after such approval and lead to a requirement to conduct additional clinical safety trials, additional warnings being added to the labeling, significant restrictions on the use of the product or the withdrawal of the product from the market. We cannot predict whether our product candidates will cause toxicities in humans that would preclude or lead to the revocation of regulatory approval based on preclinical studies or early stage clinical testing. However, any such event, were it to occur, would cause substantial harm to our business and financial condition and would result in the diversion of our management’s attention.

Even if we receive regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, we may not be able to successfully license or commercialize the product and the revenue that we generate from its sales, if any, may be limited.

If approved for marketing, the commercial success of our product candidates will depend upon each product’s acceptance by the medical community (including physicians, patients and health care payors) and the potential competitive products available to the patients upon commercialization. The degree of market acceptance for any of our product candidates will depend on a number of factors, including:

If any of our product candidates are approved, but do not achieve an adequate level of acceptance by physicians, health care payors, and patients, we may not generate sufficient revenue and we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability. Our efforts to educate the medical community and third-party payors on the benefits of our product candidates may require significant resources and may never be successful.

In addition, even if we obtain regulatory approvals, the timing or scope of any approvals may prohibit or reduce our ability to commercialize our product candidates successfully. For example, if the approval process takes too long, we may miss market opportunities and give other companies the ability to develop competing products or establish market dominance. Any regulatory approval we ultimately obtain may be limited or subject to restrictions or post-approval commitments that render our product candidates not commercially viable. For example, regulatory authorities may approve any of our product candidates for fewer or more limited indications than we request, may not approve the price we intend to charge for any of our product candidates, may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials, or may approve any of our product candidates with a label that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that indication.

Even if we obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates, we will be subject to ongoing obligations and continued regulatory review, which may result in significant additional expense.

Even if we obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates for an indication, the FDA or foreign equivalent may still impose significant restrictions on their indicated uses or marketing or the conditions of approval or impose ongoing requirements for potentially costly and time-consuming post-approval studies, including Phase 4 clinical trials, and post-market surveillance to monitor safety and efficacy. Our product candidates will also be subject to ongoing regulatory requirements governing the manufacturing, labeling, packaging, storage, distribution, safety surveillance, advertising, promotion, recordkeeping and reporting of adverse events and other post-market information. These requirements include registration with the FDA, as well as continued compliance with current Good Clinical Practices regulations, or cGCPs, for any clinical trials that we conduct post-approval. In addition, manufacturers of drug products and their facilities are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with cGMP, or current Good Manufacturing Practices regulations, requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents.

The FDA has the authority to require a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS, as part of an NDA or after approval, which may impose further requirements or restrictions on the distribution or use or marketing of an approved drug, such as limiting prescribing to certain physicians or medical centers that have undergone specialized training, limiting treatment to patients who meet certain safe-use criteria or requiring patient testing, monitoring and/or enrollment in a registry. Any of these requirements or restrictions on approval or marketing could restrict the commercial promotion, distribution, prescription or dispensing of our product candidates. Moreover, product approvals may be withdrawn for non-compliance with regulatory standards or if problems occur following the initial marketing of the product. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial success of our product candidates.

With respect to sales and marketing activities by us or any future partner, advertising and promotional materials must comply with FDA rules in addition to other applicable federal, state and local laws in the United States and similar legal requirements in other countries. In the United States, the distribution of product samples to physicians must comply with the requirements of the U.S. Prescription Drug Marketing Act. Application holders must obtain FDA approval for product and manufacturing changes, depending on the nature of the change. We may also be subject, directly or indirectly through our customers and partners, to various fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the U.S. Anti-Kickback Statute, U.S. False Claims Act, and similar state laws, which impact, among other things, our proposed sales, marketing, and scientific/educational grant programs. If we participate in the U.S. Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, the Federal Supply Schedule of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or other government drug programs, we will be subject to complex laws and regulations regarding reporting and payment obligations. All of these activities are also potentially subject to U.S. federal and state consumer protection and unfair competition laws. Similar requirements exist in many of these areas in other countries.

In addition, if any of our product candidates are approved for a particular indication, our product labeling, advertising and promotion would be subject to regulatory requirements and continuing regulatory review. The FDA strictly regulates the promotional claims that may be made about prescription products. In particular, a product may not be promoted for uses that are not approved by the FDA as reflected in the product’s approved labeling. If we receive marketing approval for our product candidates, physicians may nevertheless legally prescribe our products to their patients in a manner that is inconsistent with the approved label. If we are found to have promoted such off-label uses, we may become subject to significant liability and government fines. The FDA and other agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses, and a company that is found to have improperly promoted off-label uses may be subject to significant sanctions. The federal government has levied large civil and criminal fines against companies for alleged improper promotion and has enjoined several companies from engaging in off-label promotion. The FDA has also requested that companies enter into consent decrees of permanent injunctions under which specified promotional conduct is changed or curtailed.

If we or a regulatory agency discovers previously unknown problems with a product, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, problems with the facility where the product is manufactured, or we or our manufacturers fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, we may be subject to various administrative or judicial sanctions, such as issuance of warning letters, withdrawal of the product from the market, injections or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties or monetary fines, suspension of any ongoing new clinical trials or suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approval.

The occurrence of any event or penalty described above may inhibit our ability to commercialize our product candidates and generate revenue. Adverse regulatory action, whether pre- or post-approval, can also potentially lead to product liability claims and increase our product liability exposure.

Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in one jurisdiction does not mean that we will be successful in obtaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in other jurisdictions.

Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in one jurisdiction does not guarantee that we will be able to obtain or maintain profitability.regulatory approval in any other jurisdiction, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one jurisdiction may have a negative effect on the regulatory approval process in others. For example, even if the FDA grants marketing approval of a product candidate, comparable regulatory authorities in foreign jurisdictions must also approve the manufacturing, marketing and promotion of the product candidate in those countries. Approval procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements and administrative review periods different from those in the United States, including additional preclinical studies or clinical trials, as clinical studies conducted in one jurisdiction may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions. In many jurisdictions outside the United States, a product candidate must be approved for reimbursement before it can be approved for sale in that jurisdiction. In some cases, the price that we intend to charge for our products is also subject to approval.

Obtaining foreign regulatory approvals and compliance with foreign regulatory requirements could result in significant delays, difficulties and costs for us and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products in certain countries. If we fail to comply with the regulatory requirements in international markets and/ or to receive applicable marketing approvals, our target market will be reduced and our ability to realize the full market potential of our product candidates will be harmed.

Recently enacted and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for us to obtain marketing approval of and commercialize our product candidates and affect the prices we may obtain.

In the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes and proposed changes regarding the healthcare system that could prevent or delay marketing approval for our product candidates, restrict or regulate post-approval activities and affect our ability to profitably sell our product candidates. Legislative and regulatory proposals have been made to expand post-approval requirements and restrict sales and promotional activities for pharmaceutical products. We do not know whether additional legislative changes will be enacted, or whether the FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed, or what the impact of such changes on the marketing approvals of our product candidates, if any, may be. In addition, increased scrutiny by the U.S. Congress of the FDA’s approval process may significantly delay or prevent marketing approval, as well as subject us to more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements.

We could face competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and our operating results would suffer if we fail to innovate and compete effectively.

Our products are used for indications where we believe that there is an unmet medical need. If existing or newly approved drug products, whether approved by the FDA for the indication or not approved, are able to successfully treat the same patients, it may be more difficult to perform clinical studies, to develop our product and/or to commercialize our product, adversely affecting the Processa business. Since the biopharmaceutical industry is characterized by intense competition and rapid innovation, our competitors may be able to develop other compounds or drugs that are able to achieve similar or better results than our product candidates. Our competitors may include major multinational pharmaceutical companies, established biotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies, and universities and other research institutions. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, such as a larger research and development staff and experienced marketing and manufacturing organizations, established relationships with CROs and other collaborators, as well as established sales forces. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large, established companies. Mergers and acquisitions in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries may result in even more resources being concentrated in our competitors. Competition may increase further as a result of advances in the commercial applicability of technologies and greater availability of capital for investment in these industries. Our competitors, either alone or with collaborative partners, may succeed in developing, acquiring or licensing on an exclusive basis drug or biologic products that are more effective, safer, more easily commercialized or less costly than our product candidates or may develop proprietary technologies or secure patent protection and, in turn, exclude us from technologies that we may need for the development of our technologies and potential products.

Even if we obtain regulatory approval of any of our product candidates, we may not be the first to market and that may negatively affect the price or demand for our product candidates. Additionally, we may not be able to implement our business plan if the acceptance of our product candidates is inhibited by price competition or the reluctance of physicians to switch from existing methods of treatment to our product candidates, or if physicians switch to other new drug or biologic products or choose to reserve our product candidates for use in limited circumstances. Furthermore, for drugs that receive orphan drug designation at the FDA, a competitor could obtain orphan product approval from the FDA with respect to such competitor’s drug product. If such competitor drug product is determined to be the same product as one of our product candidates, we may be prevented from obtaining approval from the FDA for such product candidate for the same indication for seven years, except in limited circumstances, and we may be subject to similar restrictions under non-U.S. regulations.

We are completely dependent on third parties to manufacture our product candidates, and our commercialization of our product candidates could be halted, delayed or made less profitable if those third parties fail to obtain manufacturing approval from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, fail to provide us with sufficient quantities of our product candidates or fail to do so at acceptable quality levels or prices.

We do not currently have, nor do we plan to acquire, the capability or infrastructure to manufacture the active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, in our product candidates for use in our clinical trials or for commercial product. In addition, we do not have the capability to formulate any of our product candidates into a finished drug product for commercial distribution. As a result, we will be obligated to rely on contract manufacturers, if and when any of our product candidates are approved for commercialization. We have not entered into an agreement with any contract manufacturers for commercial supply and may not be able to engage a contract manufacturer for commercial supply of any of our product candidates on favorable terms to us, or at all.

The facilities used by our contract manufacturers to manufacture our product candidates must be approved by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities pursuant to inspections that will be conducted after we submit an NDA or biologics license application to the FDA or their equivalents to other relevant regulatory authorities. We will not control the manufacturing process of, and will be completely dependent on, our contract manufacturing partners for compliance with cGMPs for manufacture of both active drug substances and finished drug products. These cGMP regulations cover all aspects of the manufacturing, testing, quality control and record keeping relating to our product candidates. If our contract manufacturers do not successfully manufacture material that conforms to our specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA or others, they will not be able to secure and/or maintain regulatory approval for their manufacturing facilities. If the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve these facilities for the manufacture of our product candidates or if it withdraws any such approval in the future, we may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would significantly impact our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market our product candidates, if approved.

Our contract manufacturers will be subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and corresponding state and foreign agencies for compliance with cGMPs and similar regulatory requirements. We will not have control over our contract manufacturers’ compliance with these regulations and standards. Failure by any of our contract manufacturers to comply with applicable regulations could result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, failure to grant approval to market any of our product candidates, delays, suspensions or withdrawals of approvals, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could significantly and adversely affect our business. In addition, we will not have control over the ability of our contract manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. Failure by our contract manufacturers to comply with or maintain any of these standards could adversely affect our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market any of our product candidates.

If, for any reason, these third parties are unable or unwilling to perform, we may not be able to terminate our agreements with them, and we may not be able to locate alternative manufacturers or formulators or enter into favorable agreements with them and we cannot be certain that any such third parties will have the manufacturing capacity to meet future requirements. If these manufacturers or any alternate manufacturer of finished drug product experiences any significant difficulties in its respective manufacturing processes for our API or finished products or should cease doing business with us, we could experience significant interruptions in the supply of any of our product candidates or may not be able to create a supply of our product candidates at all. Were we to encounter manufacturing issues, our ability to produce a sufficient supply of any of our product candidates might be negatively affected. Our inability to coordinate the efforts of our third-party manufacturing partners, or the lack of capacity available at our third-party manufacturing partners, could impair our ability to supply any of our product candidates at required levels. Because of the significant regulatory requirements that we would need to satisfy in order to qualify a new bulk or finished product manufacturer, if we face these or other difficulties with our current manufacturing partners, we could experience significant interruptions in the supply of any of our product candidates if we decided to transfer the manufacture of any of our product candidates to one or more alternative manufacturers in an effort to deal with the difficulties.

Any manufacturing problem or the loss of a contract manufacturer could be disruptive to our operations and result in lost sales. Additionally, we rely on third parties to supply the raw materials needed to manufacture our potential products. Any reliance on suppliers may involve several risks, including a potential inability to obtain critical materials and reduced control over production costs, delivery schedules, reliability and quality. Any unanticipated disruption to a future contract manufacturer caused by problems at suppliers could delay shipment of any of our product candidates, increase our cost of goods sold and result in lost sales.

We cannot guarantee that our future manufacturing and supply partners will be able to reduce the costs of commercial scale manufacturing of any of our product candidates over time. If the commercial-scale manufacturing costs of any of our product candidates are higher than expected, these costs may significantly impact our operating results. In order to reduce costs, we may need to develop and implement process improvements. However, in order to do so, we will need, from time to time, to notify or make submissions with regulatory authorities, and the improvements may be subject to approval by such regulatory authorities. We cannot be sure that we will receive these necessary approvals or that these approvals will be granted in a timely fashion. We also cannot guarantee that we will be able to enhance and optimize output in our commercial manufacturing process. If we cannot enhance and optimize output, we may not be able to reduce our costs over time.

We expect to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize any of our product candidates and our business would be substantially harmed.

We expect to enter into agreements with third-party CROs to conduct and manage our clinical programs including contracting with clinical sites to perform our clinical studies. We plan to rely heavily on these parties for execution of clinical studies for our product candidates and will control only certain aspects of their activities. Nevertheless, we will be responsible for ensuring that each of our studies is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance on CROs and clinical sites will not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We and our CROs will be required to comply with cGCPs, which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA, the Competent Authorities of the Member States of the European Economic Area and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for any products in clinical development. The FDA and its foreign equivalents enforce these cGCP regulations through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites. If we or our CROs fail to comply with applicable cGCPs, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. We cannot assure you that, upon inspection, the FDA or other regulatory authorities will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with cGCPs. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with products produced under cGMP regulations and will require a large number of test subjects. Our failure or the failure of our CROs or clinical sites to comply with these regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process and could also subject us to enforcement action up to and including civil and criminal penalties.

Although we intend to design the clinical trials for our product candidates in consultation with CROs, we expect that the CROs will manage all of the clinical trials conducted at contracted clinical sites. As a result, many important aspects of our drug development programs would be outside of our direct control. In addition, the CROs and clinical sites may not perform all of their obligations under arrangements with us or in compliance with regulatory requirements. If the CROs or clinical sites do not perform clinical trials in a satisfactory manner, breach their obligations to us or fail to comply with regulatory requirements, the development and commercialization of any of our product candidates for the subject indication may be delayed or our development program materially and irreversibly harmed. We cannot control the amount and timing of resources these CROs and clinical sites will devote to our program or any of our product candidates. If we are unable to rely on clinical data collected by our CROs, we could be required to repeat, extend the duration of, or increase the size of our clinical trials, which could significantly delay commercialization and require significantly greater expenditures.

If any of our relationships with these third-party CROs or clinical sites terminate, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with alternative CROs or clinical sites. If CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, any such clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our product candidates. As a result, our financial results and the commercial prospects for any of our product candidates would be harmed, our costs could increase and our ability to generate revenue could be delayed.

Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results.

Clinical testing of drug product candidates is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. The results of pre-clinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials. We cannot assure you that the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities will view the results as we do or that any future trials of any of our product candidates will achieve positive results. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy traits despite having progressed through pre-clinical studies and initial clinical trials. A number of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials. Any future clinical trial results for our product candidates may not be successful.

In addition, a number of factors could contribute to a lack of favorable safety and efficacy results for any of our product candidates. For example, such trials could result in increased variability due to varying site characteristics, such as local standards of care, differences in evaluation period and surgical technique, and due to varying patient characteristics including demographic factors and health status.

Even though we may apply for orphan drug designation for a product candidate, we may not be able to obtain orphan drug marketing exclusivity.

There is no guarantee that the FDA, EMA or their foreign equivalents will grant any future application for orphan drug designation for any of our product candidates, which would make us ineligible for the additional exclusivity and other benefits of orphan drug designation.

Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan drug designation to a drug intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States and for which there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and making a drug available in the Unites States for this type of disease or condition will be recovered from sales of the product. Orphan drug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After the FDA grants orphan drug designation, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly by the FDA. Orphan product designation does not convey any advantage in or shorten the duration of regulatory review and approval process. In addition to the potential period of exclusivity, orphan designation makes a company eligible for grant funding of up to $400,000 per year for four years to defray costs of clinical trial expenses, tax credits for clinical research expenses and potential exemption from the FDA application user fee.

If a product that has orphan designation subsequently receives the first FDA approval for the disease or condition for which it has such designation, the product is entitled to orphan drug exclusivity, which means the FDA may not approve any other applications to market the same drug for the same indication for seven years, except in limited circumstances, such as (i) the drug’s orphan designation is revoked; (ii) its marketing approval is withdrawn; (iii) the orphan exclusivity holder consents to the approval of another applicant’s product; (iv) the orphan exclusivity holder is unable to assure the availability of a sufficient quantity of drug; or (v) a showing of clinical superiority to the product with orphan exclusivity by a competitor product. If a drug designated as an orphan product receives marketing approval for an indication broader than what is designated, it may not be entitled to orphan drug exclusivity. There can be no assurance that we will receive orphan drug designation for any of our product candidates in the indications for which we think they might qualify, if we elect to seek such applications.

Although we may pursue expedited regulatory approval pathways for a product candidate, it may not qualify for expedited development or, if it does qualify for expedited development, it may not actually lead to a faster development or regulatory review or approval process.

Although we believe there may be an opportunity to accelerate the development of certain of our product candidates through one or more of the FDA’s expedited programs, such as fast track, breakthrough therapy, accelerated approval or priority review, we cannot be assured that any of our product candidates will qualify for such programs.

For example, a drug may be eligible for designation as a breakthrough therapy if the drug is intended, alone or in combination with one or more other drugs, to treat a serious or life-threatening condition and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies on one or more clinically significant endpoints. Although breakthrough designation or access to any other expedited program may expedite the development or approval process, it does not change the standards for approval. If we apply for breakthrough therapy designation or any other expedited program for our product candidates, the FDA may determine that our proposed target indication or other aspects of our clinical development plans do not qualify for such expedited program. Even if we are successful in obtaining a breakthrough therapy designation or access to any other expedited program, we may not experience faster development timelines or achieve faster review or approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Access to an expedited program may also be withdrawn by the FDA if it believes that the designation is no longer supported by data from our clinical development program. Additionally, qualification for any expedited review procedure does not ensure that we will ultimately obtain regulatory approval for such product candidate.

Third-party coverage and reimbursement and health care cost containment initiatives and treatment guidelines may constrain our future revenues.

Our ability to successfully market our product candidates will depend in part on the level of reimbursement that government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers and other organizations provide for the cost of our products and related treatments. Countries in which any of our product candidates are sold through reimbursement schemes under national health insurance programs frequently require that manufacturers and sellers of pharmaceutical products obtain governmental approval of initial prices and any subsequent price increases. In certain countries, including the United States, government-funded and private medical care plans can exert significant indirect pressure on prices. We may not be able to sell our product candidates profitably if adequate prices are not approved or coverage and reimbursement is unavailable or limited in scope. Increasingly, third-party payors attempt to contain health care costs in ways that are likely to impact our development of products including:

Risks Relating to Our Intellectual Property Rights

We depend on rights to certain pharmaceutical compounds that are or will be licensed to us. We do not control these pharmaceutical compounds and any loss of our rights to them could prevent us from selling our products.

Within our present pipeline and potentially future pipeline of drugs, our drugs are in-licensed from other biotech or pharmaceutical companies. We do not own the patents that underlie these licenses. Our rights to use the pharmaceutical compounds we license are subject to the negotiation of, continuation of and compliance with the terms of those licenses. Thus, these patents and patent applications are not written by us or our attorneys, and we did not have control over the drafting and prosecution. The former patent owners and our licensors might not have given the same attention to the drafting and prosecution of these patents and applications as we would have if we had been the owners of the patents and applications and had control over the drafting. Moreover, under certain of our licenses, patent prosecution activities remain under the control of the licensor. We cannot be certain that drafting of the licensed patents and patent applications, or patent prosecution, by the licensors have been or will be conducted in compliance with applicable laws and regulations or will result in valid and enforceable patents and other intellectual property rights.

Our current patent portfolio consists of patents licensed from CoNCERT Pharmaceuticals for PCS-499 and related compounds that are directed to claims for composition of matter, methods of use, and certain processes. This includes approximately 26 issued patents (including 8 in the United States, 2 in Europe, and 2 in Japan) and approximately 7 pending patent applications (including 3 in the United States and 2 in Europe). The issued U.S., European, and Japanese patents are expected to expire in 2029 and 2030, excluding any extension or adjustment of patent term that may be available.

In addition, we do not own any intellectual property rights, including any patents that underlie our drug candidates. These drugs are in-licensed from other biotech or pharmaceutical companies and our rights to develop and commercialize the product candidates we license are subject to the validity of the owner’s intellectual property rights. All of our product candidates are either in the early stages of clinical development or late stages of preclinical development and we have not initiated any clinical trials and significant additional research and development activity and clinical testing are required before we will have a chance to achieve a viable product for licensing or commercialization from our drug candidates. Most drug candidates never reach the clinical development stage and even those that do commence clinical development have only a small chance of successfully completing clinical development and gaining regulatory approval. Therefore, our business currently depends entirely on the successful development, regulatory approval, and licensing or commercialization of our product candidates, which may never occur.

Our rights to develop and commercialize the product candidates we license are subject to the validity of the owner’s intellectual property rights. Enforcement of our licensed patents or defense or any claims asserting the invalidity of these patents is often subject to the control or cooperation of our licensors. Legal action could be initiated against the owners of the intellectual property that we license and an adverse outcome in such legal action could harm our business because it might prevent such companies or institutions from continuing to license intellectual property that we may need to operate our business. In addition, such licensors may resolve such litigation in a way that benefits them but adversely affects our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates.

In addition, our rights to practice the inventions claimed in the licensed patents and patent applications are subject to our licensors abiding by the terms of those licenses and not terminating them. Our licenses may be terminated by the licensor if we are in material breach of certain terms or conditions of the license agreement or in certain other circumstances. Certain of our licenses contained in our agreements with CoNCERT Pharmaceuticals contain provisions that allow the licensor to terminate the license if (i) we breach any payment obligation or other material provision under the agreement and fail to cure the breach within a fixed time following written notice of termination, (ii) we or any of our affiliates, licensees or sublicensees directly or indirectly challenge the validity, enforceability, or extension of any of the licensed patents, or (iii) we declare bankruptcy or dissolve. Our rights under the licenses are subject to our continued compliance with the terms of the license, including the payment of royalties due under the license. Termination of these licenses could prevent us from marketing some or all of our products. Because of the complexity of our products and the patents we have licensed, determining the scope of the license and related royalty obligations can be difficult and can lead to disputes between us and the licensor. An unfavorable resolution of such a dispute could lead to an increase in the royalties payable pursuant to the license. If a licensor believed we were not paying the royalties due under the license or were otherwise not in compliance with the terms of the license, the licensor might attempt to revoke the license. If such an attempt were successful, we might be barred from producing and selling some or all of our products.

It is difficult and costly to protect our intellectual property rights, and we cannot ensure the protection of these rights.

Our commercial success will depend, in part, on obtaining and maintaining patent protection for our technologies, products and processes, successfully defending these patents against third-party challenges and successfully enforcing these patents against third party competitors. The patent positions of pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal, scientific and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. Changes in either the patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws may diminish the value of our intellectual property. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowable or enforceable in our patents. The existing patent and patent applications relating to our product candidates and related technologies may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by third parties and might not protect us against competitors with similar products or technologies.

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, because legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights, permit us to gain or keep our competitive advantage, or provide us with any competitive advantage at all. For example, others have filed, and in the future are likely to file, patent applications covering products and technologies that are similar, identical or competitive to any of our product candidates, or important to our business. We cannot be certain that any patent application owned by a third party will not have priority over patent applications filed by us, or that we will not be involved in interference, opposition or invalidity proceedings before United States or foreign patent offices.

In the future we may rely on know-how and trade secrets to protect technology, especially in cases when we believe patent protection is not appropriate or obtainable. However, know-how and trade secrets are difficult to protect. While we intend to require employees, academic collaborators, consultants and other contractors to enter into confidentiality agreements, we may not be able to adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary or licensed information. Typically, research collaborators and scientific advisors have rights to publish data and information in which we may have rights. If we cannot maintain the confidentiality of our proprietary technology and other confidential information, our ability to receive patent protection and our ability to protect valuable information owned by us may be imperiled. Enforcing a claim that a third-party entity illegally obtained and is using any of our trade secrets is expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts are sometimes less willing to protect trade secrets than patents. Moreover, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how.

If we fail to obtain or maintain patent protection or trade secret protection for our product candidates or our technologies, third parties could use our proprietary information, which could impair our ability to compete in the market and adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and attain profitability.

We may also rely on the trademarks we may develop to distinguish our products from the products of our competitors. We cannot guarantee that any trademark applications filed by us or our business partners will be approved. Third parties may also oppose such trademark applications, or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. In the event that the trademarks we use are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition, and could require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands. Further, we cannot provide assurance that competitors will not infringe the trademarks we use, or that we will have adequate resources to enforce these trademarks.

Our product candidates may infringe the intellectual property rights of others, which could increase our costs and delay or prevent our development and commercialization efforts.

Our success depends in part on avoiding infringement of the proprietary technologies of others. The pharmaceutical industry has been characterized by frequent litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. Identification of third party patent rights that may be relevant to our proprietary technology is difficult because patent searching is imperfect due to differences in terminology among patents, incomplete databases and the difficulty in assessing the meaning of patent claims. Additionally, because patent applications are maintained in secrecy until the application is published, we may be unaware of third-party patents that may be infringed by commercialization of any of our product candidates or any future product candidate. There may be certain issued patents and patent applications claiming subject matter that we may be required to license in order to research, develop or commercialize any of our product candidates, and we do not know if such patents and patent applications would be available to license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Any claims of patent infringement asserted by third parties would be time-consuming and may divert the time and attention of our technical personnel and management.

Third parties may hold proprietary rights that could prevent any of our product candidates from being marketed. Any patent-related legal action against us claiming damages and seeking to enjoin commercial activities relating to any of our product candidates or our processes could subject us to potential liability for damages and require us to obtain a license and pay royalties to continue to manufacture or market any of our product candidates or any future product candidates. We cannot predict whether we would prevail in any such actions or that any license required under any of these patents would be made available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, we cannot be sure that we could redesign our product candidates or any future product candidates or processes to avoid infringement, if necessary. Accordingly, an adverse determination in a judicial or administrative proceeding, or the failure to obtain necessary licenses, could prevent us from developing and commercializing any of our product candidates or a future product candidate, which could harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

A number of companies, including several major pharmaceutical companies, have conducted, or are conducting, research within the therapeutic fields in which we intend to operate, which has resulted, or may result, in the filing of many patent applications related to this research. If we were to challenge the validity of these or any issued United States patent in court, we would need to overcome a statutory presumption of validity that attaches to every issued United States patent. This means that, in order to prevail, we would have to present clear and convincing evidence as to the invalidity of the patent’s claims. If we were to challenge the validity of these or any issued United States patent in an administrative trial before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, we would have to prove that the claims are unpatentable by a preponderance of the evidence. There is no assurance that a jury and/or court would find in our favor on questions of infringement, validity or enforceability.

General Company-Related Risks

We will need to grow the size of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.

We anticipate having a total of 15-20 full-time or part-time employees or consultants. In particular, we plan to add one main consultant to the development team and other consultants as needed; we also plan to add administrative staff. As our development and commercialization plans and strategies develop, we may need to expand the size of our employee and consultant/contractor base. Future growth would impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including the need to identify, recruit, maintain, motivate and integrate additional employees. In addition, our management may have to divert a disproportionate amount of its attention away from our day-to-day activities and devote a substantial amount of time to managing these growth activities. Our future financial performance and our ability to compete effectively will depend, in part, on our ability to manage any future growth effectively. To that end, we must be able to:

We may not be able to accomplish these tasks, and our failure to accomplish any of them could harm our financial results.

If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our product candidates.

We face a potential risk of product liability as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidates and will face an even greater risk if we commercialize any of our product candidates or any other future product. For example, we may be sued if any product we develop, including any of our product candidates, or any materials that we use in our products allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability and a breach of warranties. In the US, claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidates. Even successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:

Our inability to obtain and retain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of products we develop. We intend to obtain product liability insurance covering our clinical trials. However, such insurance is expensive, difficult to obtain and may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. Although we will maintain such insurance, any claim that may be brought against us could result in a court judgment or settlement in an amount that is not covered, in whole or in part, by our insurance or that is in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. Our insurance policies also have various exclusions, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. We may have to pay any amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts.

Our limited operating history may make it difficult to evaluate our business and our future viability.

We are in the relatively early stage of operations and development and have only a limited operating history that can be usedas the existing entity on which to evaluate us,base an evaluation of our business and prospects. Even if we successfully obtain additional funding, we are subject to the risks associated with early stage companies with a limited operating history, including: the need for additional financings; the uncertainty of research and development efforts resulting in successful commercial products, as well as the marketing and customer acceptance of such products; unexpected issues with the FDA, other federal or state regulatory authorities or ex-US regulatory authorities; regulatory setbacks and delays; competition from larger organizations; reliance on the proprietary technology of others; dependence on key personnel; uncertain patent protection; fluctuations in expenses; and dependence on corporate partners and collaborators. Any failure to successfully address these risks and uncertainties could seriously harm our business and prospects. We may not succeed given the technological, marketing, strategic and competitive challenges we will face. The likelihood of our success must be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications, problems and delays thatfrequently encountered in connection with the growth of a new business, the continuing development of new drug technology, and the competitive and regulatory environment in which we operate or may encounter because we are a small business. As a result, we may not be profitable and we may not be ablechoose to generate sufficient revenue to develop as we have planned.

Our ability to achieve and maintain profitability and positive cash flow is dependent upon and will continue to be dependent upon:

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the market’s acceptance of our equipment;

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our ability to keep abreast of the changes by government agencies and in laws related to our business, particularlyoperate in the areas of intellectual property and environmental regulation;future.

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our ability to maintain any competitive advantage via patents, if attainable, or protection of our trade secrets;

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our ability to attract customers who requireIf we suffer negative publicity concerning the products we offer;

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our ability to generate revenues through the salesafety of our products to potential customers;in development, our sales may be harmed and

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our ability to manage the logistics and operations of the Company and the distribution of our products and services.

If we are unable to successfully manage these aspects of our business, our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations could suffer, the trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

We have incurred operating losses since formation. We expect to continue to incur net losses for the near term and may not be able to attain a level of profitability sufficient to sustain operations without additional sources of capital.

We have limited sales and a history of operating losses. We reported a net operating loss for the period from incorporation on March 29, 2011 to December 31, 2011, and for the nine month period ended September 30, 2012.  We also had an accumulated deficit at December 31, 2011 and at September 30, 2012. We anticipate that we will continue to incur operating losses in the near term and we may not be able to achieve profitable operations. In order to achieve profitable operations we need to secure sufficient sales of our preservation and repair equipment. Our potential customers are federal, state, and local governmental entities, pavement contractors, equipment distributors and original equipment manufacturers.  We cannot be certain that our business will be successful or that we will generate significant revenues and become profitable. If we are unable to achieve profitability or locate alternate sources of capital, we may be forced to cease operations.

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We currently have a single manufacturer of our equipment.  If our manufacturing partner chooses not to manufacture our equipment or is otherwise unable to timely manufacture our equipment, we may not be able to locate another manufacturing partner in a timely manner to satisfy future demand for ourwithdraw such products.

We currently have only one manufacturing partner.  We do not have

If concerns should arise about the safety of any agreement with our manufacturing partner, who is free to discontinue manufacturing services for us or to increase prices charged to us.  This arrangement is adequate for the near term as we do not have a large number of customer orders and do not have any urgent need for equipment.  However, we anticipate that as our business grows, we will contract with additional manufacturing partners to protect us against business interruptions related to our current sole manufacturing partner.  If we experience any business interruption in our manufacturing partner’s business or if our manufacturing partner decides to discontinue manufacturing for us on agreeable terms, we may be unable to meet commitments to existing customers or attract new ones.

The growth of our business depends upon the development and successful commercial acceptance of our products.  If we are unable to achieve successful commercial acceptance of our product, our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations could suffer.

We depend upon a variety of factors to ensure that our preservation and repair equipment is successfully commercialized, including timely and efficient completion of design and development, implementation of manufacturing processes, and effective sales, marketing, and customer service. Because of the complexity of our products significant delays may occur betweenthat are being developed or marketed, regardless of whether or not such concerns have a basis in generally accepted science or peer-reviewed scientific research, such concerns could adversely affect the further development introduction to theor market and volume production phases.  for these products. Similarly, negative publicity could result in an increased number of product liability claims, whether or not these claims are supported by applicable law or covered by insurance.

The development and commercialization of our preservation and repair equipment involves many difficulties, including:

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retention and hiring of appropriate operational, research and development personnel;

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determination of the products’ technical specifications;

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successful completion of the development process;

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successful marketing of the preservation and repair equipment and achieving customer acceptance;

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obtain, manage and maintain key dealer relationships;

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produce products that meet the quality, performance and price expectations of our customers;

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develop effective sales, advertising and marketing programs; and 

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manage additional customer service and warranty costs associated with supporting product modifications and/or subsequent potential field upgrades.

If we are unablelose key management personnel, or if we fail to achieve successful commercial acceptance of our product, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenues to sustain operations and may be forced to cease operations.

We and our customers may be required to comply with a number of laws and regulations, both foreign and domestic, in the areas of safety, health and environmental controls.Failure to comply with government regulations could severely limit our sales opportunities and future revenues.

We intend to market our preservation and repair equipment domestically and internationally. We may be required to comply with local and international laws and regulations and obtain permits when required.  We also cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain or maintain, required permits and approvals, that new or more stringent environmental regulations will not be enacted or that if they are, that we will be able to meet the stricter standards.

Failure to obtain operating permits, or otherwise to comply with federal and state regulatory and environmental requirements, could affect our abilities to market and sell our preservation and repair equipment and could have a

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material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations, the trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Our ability to grow the business depends on being able to demonstrate our equipment to potential customers and distributors and train them on proper usage.  If we do not add more demonstration teams, our growth is limited geographically.

Our current marketing efforts utilize two driver/trainers that transport our equipment to potential customers and distributors to demonstrate the value of our equipment and train them on the process.  This team can travel approximately 1,000 miles in any direction to conduct the demonstrations and training.  These efforts are very time-consuming and with high gas prices, very expensive.  In order to overcome the natural geographic limitations, we intend to deploy demonstration equipment throughout the country and hire and trainrecruit additional driver/trainers.  These efforts will be dependent upon our ability (i) to raise capital to purchase and/or lease new demonstration equipment and (ii) to locate and hire qualified personnel.  If we cannot raise additional capital or locate qualifiedhighly skilled personnel, it will be much more difficult to grow our business.  If that happens, our stock and warrant price may decline and our investors may lose all or a part of their investment.

Commodity or component price increases and/or significant shortages of component products may erode our expected gross profit on sales and adversely impact our ability to meet commitments to customers.

We require steel for the manufacture of our products.  Accordingly, increases in the price of steel could significantly increase our production cost.  If we were unable to fully offset the effect of any such increased costs through price increases, productivity improvements,identify and develop new or cost reduction programs, our expected gross profit on sales would decline.

We also rely on suppliers to secure component products required for the manufacture of our products. We have no assurance that key suppliersnext generation product candidates will be able to increase productionimpaired, could result in a timely manner in the eventloss of an increase in the demand for our products.  A disruption in deliveries tomarkets or from suppliers or decreased availability of componentsmarket share and could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers or increase our operating costs.  If component supply is insufficient for the demand for our products, we may be unable to meet commitments to existing customers or attract new ones.make us less competitive.

Our business is subject to the risk that our customers and/or other companies will produce their own version of our equipment which could significantly reduce our expected product sales.

We intend to sell finished products through an independent dealer network and directly to OEMs.  Some of our potential customers are OEMs that manufacture or could in the future manufacture their own products.  Despite their manufacturing abilities, we believe that these customers have chosen to purchase from us due to the quality of our products and to reduce their production risks and maintain their company focus.  There is also the risk that other companies will copy our equipment and will become our competitors. However, we have no assurance that these customers will place significant equipment orders with us or continue to outsource manufacturing in the future.  Our sales would decline and our profit margin would suffer if our potential customers decide to produce their own version of our products or there is increased competition from other manufacturers.

Our future success is dependent, in part, on the performance and continued service of Stephen Garland and other key management personnel. Without their continued service, we may be forced to interrupt or cease operations.

We are presentlyhighly dependent to a great extent upon the experience, abilitiesprincipal members of our small management team and continued services of Stephen Garland,staff, including David Young, Pharm.D., Ph.D, our Chief Executive Officer, and Sian Bigora, Pharm.D., our other executive officers, who are all at-will employees.  Mr. Garland is responsible forChief Development Officer. The employment of Drs. Young and Bigora may be terminated at any time by either us or Dr. Young or Dr. Bigora. The loss of any current or future team member could impair our ability to design, identify, and develop new intellectual property and product candidates and new scientific or product ideas. Additionally, if we lose the services of any of these persons, we would likely be forced to expend significant time and money in the pursuit of replacements, which may result in a delay in the development of our product candidates and with the implementation of our business plan and plan of operations and diversion of our management’s attention. We can give no assurance that we could find satisfactory replacements for our current and future key scientific and management employees on terms that would not be unduly expensive or burdensome to us.

To induce valuable personnel to remain at our Company, in addition to salary and cash incentives, we expect that we will provide stock options, restricted stock units or other equity securities that vest over time upon approval of a plan by the Board of Directors. Despite our efforts to retain valuable employees, members of the executive team, the execution of our strategic vision.  Mr. Garland also has developedmanagement, scientific and cultivated significant relationships indevelopment teams may terminate their employment with us on short notice. Although we expect to have employment agreements with our industry that are criticalkey employees, these employment agreements may still allow these employees to leave our success. As the Company grows and more people are added to the team overemployment at any time, Mr. Garland will share his knowledge of our company and the industry with new hires, and we will not be dependent upon Mr. Garlandfor or any other individual.  However, until the Company grows, there is a disproportionate dependence upon Mr. Garland, and the loss of his services would significantly impair our business operations.  Some companies reduce the risk of the

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loss of key individuals by purchasing life insurance policies that pay the company upon the death of key personnel.without cause. We do not have a key man lifemaintain “key man” insurance policypolicies on Mr. Garland and do not intend to purchase one. If we interruptthe lives of these individuals or cease operations due to the losslives of Mr. Garland’s or other executive officer availability, we may be unable to service our existing customers or acquire new customers, and our business may suffer and our stock and warrant prices may decline.  

The successany of our businessother employees. Our success also depends uponon our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled employees.  If we experience any adverse outcome in such matters, our ability to growjunior, mid-level and manage our business may suffer.senior managers as well as junior, mid-level and senior scientific and medical and scientific personnel.

We currently rely upon outside consultants for many aspects of our operations.  Our ability to execute our business plan and be successful depends upon our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled employees. As we expand our business, we will need to hire additional personnel to support our operations.  We may be unable to retain our key employees or attract other highly qualified employees in the future. If we fail to attract new personnel with the requisite skills and industry knowledge we will need to execute against our business plan, our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations could suffer.

The success of our business depends, in part, upon our infrared heating process and technical information which may be difficult to protect and may be perceived to infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties. If we are unable to protect our products from being copied by others it may negatively impact our expected sales. Claims by others of infringement could prove costly to defend and if we are unsuccessful we could be forced into an expensive redesign of our products.

We believe that the identification, acquisition and development of our infrared heating process are key drivers of our business. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, and operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties. We cannot assure you that:

·

the patents of others will not have an adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business;

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our patents will be issued;

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our patents, if issued, will provide us with competitive advantages;

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patents, if issued, will not be challenged by third parties;

·

we will develop additional proprietary technology that is patentable; or

·

others will not independently develop similar or superior technologies, duplicate elements of our preservation and repair equipment or design around it.

In the future, we may be accused of patent infringement by other companies.  To defend and/or settle such claims, we may need to acquire licenses to use, or to contest the validity of, issued or pending patents. We cannot assure you that any license acquired under such patents would be made available to us on acceptable terms, if at all, or that we would prevail in any contest regarding the issued or pending patents of others. In addition, we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us for alleged infringement of another party's patents or in defending the validity or enforceability of our patents, if any, or in bringing patent infringement suits against other parties based on our patents. Any negative outcome of a patent infringement case or failure to obtain license agreements would necessitate the need to redesign our products, which creates added expense.  Such redesigned products may not be accepted in the market place and we may not be able to continue our operations.  

Because we do not currently have an audit committee, compensation committee or any other form of corporate governance committee, stockholders will have to rely on our directors, a majority of which are smaller and have fewer financial and other resources than many other companies that manufacture and sell equipment for road repair work, we may not be ableindependent, to successfully compete in the very competitive road repair work equipment industry.perform these functions.

There are over eleven million miles of paved roadways throughout the world. There is significant competition among companies that manufacture and sell equipment to repair existing roadways. Our business faces competition from companies that are much more connected to the decision-makers, have been in business for a longer period of time, and have the financial and other resources that would enable them to invest in new technologies if they chose to. These companies may be able to achieve substantial economies of scale and scope, thereby substantially reducing

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their costs and the costs to their customers.  If these companies are able to substantially reduce their marginal costs, the market price to the customer may decline and we may be not be able to offer our preservation and repair equipment at a price that allows us to compete economically. Even if we are able to operate profitably, these other companies may be substantially more profitable than us, which may make it more difficult for us to raise any financing necessary for us to achieve our business plan and may have a materially adverse effect on our business.

Mergers or other strategic transactions involving our competitors could weaken our competitive position, which could harm our operating results. If our competitors merge or are involved in other strategic transactions that place us at a disadvantage in the marketplace, our results of operations could decline.

Some of our competitors may enter into new alliances with each other or may establish or strengthen cooperative relationships.  Any consolidation, acquisition, alliance or cooperative relationship could lead to pricing pressure and could result in a competitor with greater financial, technical, marketing, service and other resources which could result in a loss of our expected market share. If this occurs, our results of operations could decline.

Our long-term plan depends, in part, on our ability to expand the sales of our products to customers located outside of the United States and, accordingly, our business will be susceptible to risks associated with international operations. If we are unable to successfully manage the risks involved in international operations, the expected growth of our business may be negatively impacted.

We have no experience operating in foreign jurisdictions. We continue to explore opportunities outside of North America.  Our lack of experience in operating our business outside of North America increases the risk that our current and any future international expansion efforts will not be successful. Conducting international operations subjects us to new risks that, generally, we do not face in the United States, including:

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fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

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unexpected changes in foreign regulatory requirements;

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longer accounts receivable payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;

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difficulties in managing and staffing international operations;

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potentially adverse tax consequences, including the complexities of foreign value added tax systems and restrictions on the repatriation of earnings;

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localization of our solutions, including translation into foreign languages and associated expenses;

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the burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws and different legal standards, including laws and regulations related to privacy;

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increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;

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political, social and economic instability abroad, terrorist attacks and security concerns in general; and

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reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.

If we fail to manage the risks associated with international operations, expected international sales may not materialize or may not prove to be as profitable as anticipated.  

We may be sued by claimants that allege that they were injured due to our equipment.  Our business will be negatively impacted if we do not have sufficient insurance to protect us against these claims.

Any business today is at risk of becoming involved in lawsuits.  It is extremely difficult to identify all possibly claims that could be made against us based on our business, but to name a few, we may be sued by drivers that claim that roads repaired by our equipment caused them to get into an automobile accident.  Or a worker using our equipment to repair a road may claim that he or she was injured by our equipment.  These claims may or may not be meritorious.  In any event, we will attempt to protect ourselves against these claims by purchasing general liability insurance.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain the insurance or that it will be sufficient to protect us against future claims.  Further, even if we obtain insurance, some of the litigation claims may not be

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covered under our insurance policies, or our insurance carriers may seek to deny coverage.  As a result, we might also be required to incur significant legal fees with no assurance of outcome, and we may be subject to adverse judgments or settlements that could significantly impair our ability to operate.

We may not maintain sufficient insurance coverage for the risks associated with our business operations. Accordingly, we may incur significant expenses for uninsured events and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks associated with our business and operations include, but are not limited to, claims for wrongful acts committed by our officers, directors, employees and other representatives, the loss of intellectual property rights, the loss of key personnel and risks posed by natural disasters. Any of these risks may result in significant losses. We do not carry business interruption insurance. In addition, we cannot provide any assurance that our insurance coverage is sufficient to cover any losses that we may sustain, or that we will be able to successfully claim our losses under our insurance policies on a timely basis or at all. If we incur any loss not covered by our insurance policies, or the compensated amount is significantly less than our actual loss or is not timely paid, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.  

We have raised substantial amounts of capital in private placements and if it is determined that we failed to comply with applicable securities laws, we could be subject to rescission claims or lawsuits that could severely damage our financial position.

We have offered and sold securities in private placements to investors pursuant to certain exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as well as those of various state securities laws. Such exemptions are highly technical in nature and the basis for relying on such exemptions is factual; that is, the applicability of such exemptions depends upon our conduct and that of those persons contacting prospective investors and making the offering. We have not received a legal opinion to the effect that any of our prior offerings were exempt from registration under any federal or state law. Instead, we have relied upon the operative facts as the basis for such exemptions, including information provided by investors themselves. If any prior offerings did not qualify for such exemption, an investor would have the right to rescind its purchase of the securities if it so desired. If investors were successful in seeking rescission, we would face severe financial demands that could adversely affect our business and operations. Additionally, if we did not in fact qualify for the exemptions upon which it has relied, we may become subject to significant fines and penalties imposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities agencies.

We have historically operated as a private company and have limited experience in complying with public company obligations. Complying with these requirements will increase our costs and require additional management resources. Even with additional resources we may fail to adequately comply with public company obligations and, as a result, the market price of our common stock and warrants could be negatively affected.

We will face increased legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses as a public company. Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010, as well as rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the NYSE MKT, for example, will result in significant initial cost to us as well as ongoing increases in our legal, audit and financial compliance costs. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, will require, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, we expect these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to incur substantial costs to maintain the same or similar coverage.

As a public company, we will be subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act relating to internal controls over financial reporting. We expect to incur significant expense and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with Section 404. We currently do not have an internal audit group,committee, compensation committee or any form of corporate governance committees. The Board, a majority of which is not independent, performs these functions as a whole. Our Board is in the process of establishing certain committees, however, until such committees and wecontrols are formally established, there is a potential conflict in that board members who are also part of management will need to hire additional accountingparticipate in discussions concerning management compensation and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. Implementing any appropriate changes to our internal controlsaudit issues that may require specific compliance training for our directors, officers and employees, entail substantial costs to modify our existing accounting systems, and take a significant period of time to complete. Such changesaffect management decisions.

There may not, however, be effective in maintaininglimitations on the

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adequacy effectiveness of our internal controls, and anya failure of our control systems to maintain that adequacy,prevent error or consequent inabilityfraud may materially harm our company.

Proper systems of internal controls over financial accounting and disclosure are critical to produce accurate consolidatedthe operation of a public company. As we are a start-up company, we may be unable to effectively establish such systems. This would leave us without the ability to reliably assimilate and compile financial statements or other reports on a timely basis, could increaseinformation about our operating costscompany and could materiallysignificantly impair our ability to operateprevent error and detect fraud, all of which would have a negative impact on our business.  Althoughcompany from many perspectives.

Moreover, we havedo not identified any material weaknesses in ourexpect that disclosure controls or internal control over financial reporting, even if established, will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to date,their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.

Currently, we have material weaknesses relating to a lack of accounting staff to implement effective financial reporting, internal controls and disclosure controls. As a result of such internal control weakness, we experienced a cybersecurity breach in January 2018 that resulted in a fraud loss of $144,000 where the probability of recovery of the loss is remote. While we are taking steps to prevent these control weaknesses from reoccurring, we cannot assure youprovide assurance that ourwe will be successful. We are in the early stages of operations and fund raising so we currently lack the financial resources necessary to implement an effective internal control over financial reporting will provesystem to be effective.

If we failprevent and/or detect and correct material misstatements due to comply with our public company obligations, our investors may lose confidencefraud or error. Our inability to implement an effective internal control system in the Company,future to prevent and/or detect and correct material misstatements could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock and This Offering

You will experience immediate dilution.

Because the market price per share of our common stock and warrants could be negatively affected, and investigations by stock exchange/regulatory agencies could commence requiring additional management and financial resources.

Risks Related to our Common Stock and Warrants:

The exercise of our warrants and options may result in a dilution of our current stockholders' voting power and an increase in the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market which may negatively impact the trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants.

The exercise of some or all of our outstanding warrants and options could significantly dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders.   At the effective date of this offering, we anticipate having outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,012,500 shares of common stock, including (i) the warrant to purchase 150,000 shares of common stock issued to the Underwriter in connection with this offering and (ii) the warrants to purchase 862,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share issued pursuant to this offering (including 112,500 warrants issued pursuant to the Underwriter’s overallotment option).  Additionally, the issuance of up to 1,022,000 shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options and 1,440,000 performance stock options outstanding as of November 10, 2012 will further dilute our existing stockholders’ voting interest.  To the extent warrants and/or options are exercised, additional shares of common stock will be issued, and such issuance will dilute existing stockholders.  Please see the section in this prospectus entitled “Dilution” for a tabular discussion of the theoretical impact of the warrants issued in this offering and the effects of the issuance of shares underlying such warrants on existing stockholders’ economic and percentage ownership.  

In addition to the dilutive effects described above, the exercise of those securities would lead to an increase in the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our shares. Substantial dilution and/or a substantial increase in the number of common shares available for future resale may negatively impact the trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants.

As a new investor, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of your shares.

The initial public offering price of our units in this offering reflects a common stock value thatbeing offered is considerablysubstantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock.  Investors purchasingstock, you will suffer substantial dilution with respect to the common stock you purchase in this offering. If you purchase shares of common stock and warrants in this offering, you will pay a price that substantially exceeds the value ofsuffer immediate and substantial dilution. See “Dilution” on page 24.

Future capital raises may dilute our tangible assets after subtracting liabilities. As a result, investors will, as of September 30, 2012:existing stockholders’ ownership and/or have other adverse effects on our operations.

·

incur immediate dilution of $4.28 per share of common stock, based on the $5.00 allocation of the initial public offering price of $5.10 per unit to a share of common stock; and

·

contribute 60% of the total amount invested to date to fund our company based on the $5.00 allocation of the initial public offering price of $5.10 per unit to a share of common stock, but will own only 15% of the outstanding shares of common stock after the offering.

Provisions in our third amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law might discourage, delay or prevent a change-of-control of our company or changes in our management and, therefore, depress the trading price of our common stock and warrants.

Provisions of our third amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws, or Delaware law may have the effect of deterring unsolicited takeovers or delaying or preventing a change-of-control

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of our company or changes in our management, including transactions in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices.  In addition, these provisions may limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interest. These provisions include:

·

advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations of directors;

·

the inability of stockholders to call special meetings; and

·

limitations on the ability of stockholders to remove directors without cause or amend our bylaws.

The existence of the foregoing provisions and anti-takeover measures could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. They could also deter potential acquirers of the Company, thereby reducing the likelihood that you could receive a premium for your common stock in an acquisition.

We may seek toIf we raise additional funds, finance acquisitions or develop strategic relationships by issuing capital stock that would dilute your ownership. If these activities result in significant dilution, it may negatively impact the trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants.

We have financed our operations, and we expect to continue to finance our operations, acquisitions, if any, and the development of strategic relationships by issuing equity and/or convertible securities, which could significantly reduce theour existing stockholders’ percentage ownership of our existing stockholders.  Furthermore, any newly issuedwill be reduced, and these stockholders may experience substantial dilution. We may also issue equity securities could havethat provide for rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing securities. Any issuances by us of equity securities may be at or below the prevailing market price of our stock and in any event may have a dilutive impact on your ownership interest, which could cause the market price of our stock and/or warrants to decline.  We may alsocommon stock. If we raise additional funds through the incurrence ofby issuing debt or the issuance or sale of other securities, or instrumentsthese debt securities would have rights senior to our common shares. The holders of any securities or instruments we may issue may have rights superior to the rights of our common stockholders. If we experience dilution from issuance of additional securities and we grant superior rights to new securities over common stockholders, it may negatively impact the trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

An active, liquid and orderly trading market for our common stock and warrants may not develop and the trading pricethose of our common stock and warrantsthe terms of the debt securities issued could impose significant restrictions on our operations, including liens on our assets. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we may be volatile. If an orderly trading market forrequired to relinquish some rights to our technologies or candidate products, or to grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

Our common stock and warrants does not develop and/or if the trading price for our common stock and warrants is volatile, the trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants may be negatively impacted.   

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock and warrants. The initial public offering price of our unit of one share of common stock and one half (1/2) common stock purchase warrant has been determined through negotiation with the Underwriter. This unit price will not necessarily reflect the price at which investors in the market will be willing to buy and sell our common stock or warrants following this offering.  In addition, the trading price of our common stock and warrants following this offering is likelyexpected to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. If an orderly trading market for our common stock and warrants does not develop and/or if the trading price for our common stock and warrants is volatile, the trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants may be negatively impacted, and you may lose all or part of your investment.   volatile.

In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for newly public companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies.  Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of companies’ stock, including ours, regardless of actual operating performance. These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our stock shortly following this offering.  Historically, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against such a company.  If securities class action litigation is instituted against us, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources and our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations could suffer, the trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants could decline, and, accordingly, you may lose all or part of your investment.

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A total of 7,910,000 of our total outstanding shares are being registered for resale. A total of 1,549,695 shares (excluding 630,000 shares of common stock issuable pursuant to vested stock options) are subject to lockup agreements with our Underwriter for a period of 13 months after the date of this prospectus and the balance of 6,360,305 shares may be sold immediately on the NYSE MKT Exchange. The large number of shares eligible for public sale could depress the market price of our common stock and warrants.

The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations. Market prices for securities of early-stage pharmaceutical, biotechnology and warrants could decline as a resultother life sciences companies have historically been particularly volatile. Some of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the market after this offering, and the perceptionfactors that these sales could occur may also depresscause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include:

The stock markets in general have experienced substantial volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market fluctuations may also adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, stockholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and warrants. Based on shares outstandingdiversion of management attention and resources, which could significantly harm our profitability and reputation.

Our common stock is currently traded in the OTC Pink Marketplace and is subject to additional trading restrictions as a “penny stock,” which could adversely affect the liquidity and price of November 10, 2012, we willsuch stock. If our common stock remains subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules, broker-dealers may experience difficulty in completing customer transactions and trading activity in our securities may be adversely affected.

Our common stock currently trades in the OTC Pink Marketplace. The OTCPink, the OTC Bulletin Board and Pink Sheets are viewed by most investors as a less desirable, and less liquid, marketplace. As a result, an investor may find it more difficult to purchase, dispose of or obtain accurate quotations as to the value of our common stock.

We intend to apply to have 9,860,000our shares of common stock outstanding after this offering.  All of these shares of common stockincluded on the OTCQB, although there can be no assurance that our application will be freely tradable in the United States. The holders of 1,549,695 shares of outstanding common stock and 630,000 vested stock options have agreed with the Underwriter, subjectapproved. You are urged to certain exceptions, not to dispose of or hedge any of their common stock (including the common stock issuable upon exercise of the vested stock options) during the 13-month period beginning on the date of this prospectus, except with the prior written consent of our Underwriter.   After the expiration of the 13-month restricted period, these shares may be sold in the publicobtain current market in the United States, subject to prior registration in the United States, if required, or reliance upon an exemption from U.S. registration.

In addition, upon completion of this offering, we intend to file a registration statement to register 1,800,000 shares of our outstanding common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans.  Upon the effectiveness of that registration statement, subject to the satisfaction of applicable exercise periods and, in certain cases, lock-up agreements with the representatives of the Underwriter referred to above, the shares of common stock issued upon exercise of outstanding options will be available for immediate resale in the United States in the open market.

Salesquotations of our common stock before purchasing any of the Shares being offered for sale pursuant to this prospectus.

Because our common stock is not listed on any national securities exchange, such shares will also be subject to the regulations regarding trading in “penny stocks,” which are those securities trading for less than $5.00 per share, and that are not otherwise exempted from the definition of a penny stock under other exemptions provided for in the applicable regulations. The following is a list of the general restrictions on the sale of penny stocks:

Before the sale of penny stock by a broker-dealer to a new purchaser, the broker-dealer must determine whether the purchaser is suitable to invest in penny stocks. To make that determination, a broker-dealer must obtain, from a prospective investor, information regarding the purchaser’s financial condition and investment experience and objectives. Subsequently, the broker-dealer must deliver to the purchaser a written statement setting forth the basis of the suitability finding and obtain the purchaser’s signature on such statement.

A broker-dealer must obtain from the purchaser an agreement to purchase the securities. This agreement must be obtained for every purchase until the purchaser becomes an “established customer.” The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) requires that before effecting any transaction in any penny stock, a broker-dealer must provide the purchaser with a “risk disclosure document” that contains, among other things, a description of the penny stock market and how it functions, and the risks associated with such investment. These disclosure rules are applicable to both purchases and sales by investors.

A dealer that sells penny stock must send to the purchaser, within 10 days after the end of each calendar month, a written account statement including prescribed information relating to the security.

These requirements can severely limit the liquidity of securities in the secondary market because fewer brokers or dealers are likely to be willing to undertake these compliance activities. As a result of our common stock not being listed on a national securities exchange and the rules and restrictions regarding penny stock transactions, an investor’s ability to sell to a third party and our ability to raise additional capital may be limited. We make no guarantee that market-makers will make a market in our common stock, or that any market for our common stock will continue.

Our principal stockholders have significant influence over us, they may have significant influence over actions requiring stockholder approval, and your interests as lockup restrictions end,a stockholder may depressconflict with the interests of those persons.

Based on the number of outstanding shares of our common stock held by our stockholders as of October 25 , 2018, our directors, executive officers and their respective affiliates beneficially owned or controlled over 49% of our outstanding shares of common stock. In addition, our 5% stockholders along with our officers and directors and their affiliates collectively own more than 80% of our outstanding shares of our common stock. As a result, these stockholders and our officers and directors, collectively, have the ability to exert a significant degree of influence with respect to the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. The interests of these persons may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of our other stockholders. This concentration of ownership could harm the market price of our common stock by (i) delaying, deferring or preventing a change in corporate control, (ii) impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us, or (iii) discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us. The significant concentration of stock ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock due to investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.

Our common stock is highly illiquid and warrants makingthe public market for the common stock may be minimal; therefore you may find it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. These sales also could cause our stock price to fall and make it more difficult for you to sell shares of our common stock and warrants,and, accordingly, you may lose all or part of your investment.   acquire in this offering.

Ownership of our common shares

There is concentrated and you and other investors will have minimal influence on stockholder decisions.

As of November 10, 2012, our executive officers, directors, and a small number of investors, beneficially owned an aggregate of 6,959,689 shares of common stock and/or preferred stock convertible into common stock, representing approximately 66% of the voting power of our then-outstanding capital stock.  As a result, our existing officers, directors, and such investors could significantly influence stockholder actions of which you disapprove or that are contrary to your interests. This ability to exercise significant influence could prevent or significantly delay another company from acquiring or merging with us and thecurrently very little public trading price of our shares of common stock and warrants could decline, and, accordingly, you may lose all or part of your investment.

Securities analysts may not coverfor our common stock, and thistrading may havenot significantly increase in the foreseeable future.

The lack of an active market impairs an investors’ ability to sell their shares at the time they wish to sell them or at a negative impact onprice that they consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the fair market value of investors’ shares. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital to continue to fund operations by selling shares and may impair our ability to acquire additional intellectual property assets by using our shares as consideration.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock under Rule 144 in the public markets could cause the market price of our common stock and warrants.to decline.

The trading market for our common stock and warrants may depend on the research and reports that securities analysts publish about us or our business.  We do not have any control over these analysts.  There is no guarantee that securities analysts will cover our common stock.  If securities analysts do not cover our common stock, the lack of research coverage may adversely affect the market price

Substantial amounts of our common stock and warrants.  If we are covered by securities analysts, and our stock is downgraded,may be sold under Rule 144 into the price of ourpublic market which may adversely affect prevailing market prices for the common stock and warrants would likely decline.  If one or more of these analysts ceasescould impair our ability to cover us or fails to publish regularly reports on us, we could lose or fail to gain visibilityraise capital in the financial markets, which could causefuture through the sale of equity securities. Rule 144 permits a decline in our stockperson who presently is not and warrant price and/or trading volume,who has not been an affiliate of ours for at least three months immediately preceding the sale and accordingly, you may lose all or partwho has beneficially owned the shares of your investment.

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The application of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s “penny stock” rules to our common stock could limit trading activity in the market, and our stockholders may find it more difficultfor at least six months to sell their stock.

such shares without restriction other than the requirement that there be current public information as set forth in Rule 144. If our common stock trades at lessa non-affiliate has held the shares for more than $5.00 per share, then itone year, such person may make unlimited sales pursuant to Rule 144 without restriction. Shares held by directors, executive officers, and other affiliates will also be subject to volume limitations under Rule 144 under the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) penny stock rules.  Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00. Penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, priorAct. Rule 144 will be available to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the risks in the penny stock market.  The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account.  The broker-dealer must also make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction.  These requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity, if any, in the secondary market for a security that becomes subject to the penny stock rules.  The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by such requirements may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our securities, which could severely limit their market price and liquidity of our securities. These requirements may restrict the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common stock and may affect your ability to resell our common stock which may depress the market price of our common stock and warrants and, accordingly, you may lose all or part of your investment.   stockholders beginning on October 18, 2018.

We do not currently intend to pay dividends forto our stockholders in the foreseeable future, and you must relyconsequently, your ability to achieve a return on increasesyour investment will depend on appreciation in the market pricesvalue of our common stockCompany.

We have never and warrants for returns on your investment.

For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends onto our common stock. Accordingly,stockholders in the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their common stock and warrantsor underlying common stock after price appreciation, to earn an investment return, which may never occur.  Investorsoccur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments. There is no guarantee that the valuation of our Company will appreciate in value or even maintain the valuation at which our stockholders have purchased their shares.

We may issue preferred stock which may have greater rights than our common stock.

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation allow our Board of Directors to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Currently, no shares of preferred stock are issued and outstanding. However, we can issue shares of our preferred stock in one or more series and can set the terms of the preferred stock without seeking cash dividends should not purchaseany further approval from the holders of our common stock. Any determinationpreferred stock that we issue may rank ahead of our common stock in terms of dividend priority or liquidation premiums and may have greater voting rights than our common stock. In addition, such preferred stock may contain provisions allowing it to be converted into shares of common stock, which could dilute the value of our common stock to then current stockholders and could adversely affect the market price, if any, of our common stock.

If there should be dissolution of our company, you may not recoup all or any portion of your investment.

In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the proceeds and/or assets of our company remaining after giving effect to such transaction, and the payment of all of our debts and liabilities and distributions required to be made to holders of any outstanding common stock will then be distributed to our stockholders on a pro rata basis. We may incur substantial amounts of additional debt and other obligations such as convertible notes and loans and preferred stock that will rank senior to our common stock, and the terms of our common stock do not limit the amount of such debt or other obligations that we may incur. There can be no assurance that we will have available assets to pay dividends into the future will be made at the discretionholders of common stock or common stock any amounts, upon such a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our BoardCompany. In this event, you could lose some or all of Directors and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant.your investment.

We will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.

Our management will have broad discretion to use the net proceeds of this offering for a variety of purposes, including, further development of our products and operations, working capital, and general corporate purposes. We may spend or invest these proceeds in a way with which our stockholders disagree. Failure by our management to effectively use these funds could harm our business and financial condition. Until the net proceeds are used, they may be placed in investments that do not yield a favorable return to our investors, do not produce significant income or lose value.   See “Use of Proceeds.”

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forwardforward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar expressions in this prospectus. These statements that involve risks and uncertainties, principally inmay be found under the sections entitled “Descriptionsection of Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’sthis prospectus captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,.” Allas well as in prospectus generally. In particular, these include statements other than statementsrelating to future actions, prospective products, applications, customers, technologies, future performance or results of historical fact contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding future events, our futureanticipated products, expenses, and financial performance, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. We have attempted to identifyresults. These forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should,” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we do not make forward looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. These statements are only predictionssubject to certain risks and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks outlined under “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in this prospectus, which maythat could cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time and it is not

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possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we address the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause our actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

The forward-looking statements are based upon management’s beliefs and assumptions and are made as of the date of this prospectus. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included herein or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those contained in any forward-looking statements.  Allsuch statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by federal securities laws. Actual future results may vary materially as a result of various factors, including, without limitation, the risks disclosed herein. In light of these risks and uncertainties, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements includedcontained herein will in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.

fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on anythese forward-looking statement, eachstatements. Before making a decision to purchase shares of which applies only asour stock, you should carefully consider all of the date of this prospectus. Before you invest in our securities, you should be aware that the occurrence of the events described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewherefactors identified in this prospectus that could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and stock price. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform our statements tocause actual results or changed expectations.to differ.

Selling Stockholder

This prospectus includes the salealso contains estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business, and the markets for certain diseases, including data regarding the estimated size of upthose markets. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to 300,000 shares underlying 200,000 units that maybe solduncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information. Unless otherwise expressly stated, we obtained this industry, business, market, and other data from reports, research surveys, studies, and similar data prepared by market research firms and other third parties, industry, medical and general publications, government data, and similar sources

USE OF PROCEEDS

This prospectus relates to the Underwriter by a common stockholder in the event that our Underwriter exercises its over-allotment option.   

The 300,000resale of certain shares of our common stock underlying the 200,000 units were issued as follows.  These shares were acquiredthat may be offered and sold from time to time by the selling stockholder in April 2011 upon consummation of the purchase by us of certainSelling Stockholders. This prospectus also relates to shares of our assets from the selling stockholder in a transaction that was exempt under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.  

The following table sets forth information regarding the shares of common stock owned beneficially as of November 10, 2012, by the selling stockholder, Mr. Richard Giles. Mr. Giles owns more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Company common stock.  He was a director of the Company from April 2011 to June 2012 and has been a consultant of the Company from April 2011that will be issued to the present.