As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 2,8, 2024

Registration No. 333-276213

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

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AMENDMENT NO. 23
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

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XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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2701 East Grauwyler Road
Irving, Texas 75061
Telephone: (844) 935-2832
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

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Andrej Jonovic
Chief Executive Officer
2701 East Grauwyler Road
Irving, Texas 75061
Telephone: (844) 935-2832
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)

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Copies to:

Robert J. Endicott, Esq.
Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP
One Metropolitan Square
211 North Broadway, Suite 3600
St. Louis, Missouri 63102
(314) 259-2000

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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

Subject to Completion, dated February 2,8, 2024

XBP EUROPE HOLDINGS, INC.

Up to 27,775,355 Shares of Common Stock

Up to 6,634,980 Shares of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants

Up to 385,000 Warrants

This prospectus relates to the issuance by us of up to an aggregate of up to 6,634,980 shares of our common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“Common Stock”), which consists of (i) up to 135,000 shares of Common Stock that are issuable upon the exercise of 135,000 warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) issued to CFAC Holdings VIII, LLC, the sponsor of CF VIII (the “Sponsor”) in a private placement of units (“Placement Units”) of CF Acquisition Corp. VIII (our predecessor company prior to the consummation of our business combination transaction, sometimes referred to as “CF VIII” herein) in connection with its initial public offering (the “IPO”) by the holders thereof, which Placement Units consisted of one share of CF VIII Class A Common Stock and one-fourth of one warrant (each whole warrant sold as part of the Placement Units was exercisable for one share of CF VIII Class A Common Stock), and (ii) up to 250,000 shares of Common Stock that are issuable upon the exercise of 250,000 warrants (the “Forward Purchase Warrants” and together with the Private Placement Warrants, the “Private Warrants”) issued to the Sponsor in a private placement at the closing of the Business Combination (as defined below) by the holders thereof other than the initial holder and (iii) up to 6,249,980 shares of Common Stock that are issuable upon the exercise of 6,249,980 warrants (the “Public Warrants” and, together with the Private Warrants, the “Warrants”) originally issued as part of units (“CF VIII Units”) in the IPO by the holders thereof. Each CF VIII Unit sold in the IPO consisted of one share of CF VIII Class A Common Stock and one-fourth of one Public Warrant to acquire a share of Common Stock following the Business Combination. Each CF VIII Unit was sold in the IPO of CF VIII at a price of $10.00 per unit. The current exercise price for the Private Warrants and Public Warrants is $11.50 per share. We will receive the proceeds from any exercise of any Warrants for cash.

This prospectus also relates to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling securityholders named in this prospectus (the “Selling Securityholders”) of up to 27,775,355 shares of Common Stock, consisting of (i) 5,494,600 shares (the “Founder Shares”) which were acquired by the Sponsor in a private placement at the time of the IPO, (ii) 71,391 shares of Common Stock (the “Promote Forward Purchase Shares”) which were acquired by the Sponsor in a private placement at the time of the Business Combination under a forward purchase contract, pursuant to which CF VIII issued and sold to the Sponsor an aggregate of 1,250,000 shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock (which includes the 71,391 shares of Common Stock) (such shares, together with the Forward Purchase Warrants are hereinafter referred to as the “Forward Purchase Securities”) and the 250,000 Forward Purchase Warrants, (iii) an aggregate of 22,000 shares of Common Stock transferred by the Sponsor to two independent directors serving on the board of directors of CF VIII prior to the Business Combination, (iv) up to 250,000 shares that may be issued upon the exercise of the Forward Purchase Warrants, (v) 135,000 shares of Common Stock that may be issued upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants, and (vi) 21,802,364 shares of Common Stock issued to BTC International Holdings, Inc. pursuant to the Merger Agreement.

The Sponsor acquired the 5,494,600 Founder Shares covered by this prospectus at a price of approximately $0.005 per share (after taking into account the forfeiture of 733,400 shares at the time of the Business Combination), and 71,391 Promote Forward Purchase Shares covered by this prospectus for no additional consideration as part of the acquisition of the Forward Purchase Securities in a private placement at the time of closing of the Business Combination (and, additionally, owns 178,609 Promote Forward Purchase Shares which it also acquired for no additional consideration, which shares are registered for resale on a registration statement that was declared effective on November 29, 2023 (the “Prior Registration Statement”)). In addition, each of the independent directors of CF VIII that are Selling Securityholders acquired 11,000 Founder Shares from the Sponsor for no cash consideration. We assume, solely for the purpose of disclosing the potential profit arising from the sale of such shares and without regard to the actual tax basis that each director has in such shares, that each such director acquired such shares at no cost. The shares issued to BTC International Holdings, Inc. pursuant to the Merger Agreement were issued with a value of approximately $6.70 per share (determined based upon aan equity value of $200.5 million at closing of the Business Combination). Given the current market price of

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FREQUENTLY USED TERMS

“Ancillary Agreements” means, collectively, (i) the NDA, (ii) the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, (iii) the Sponsor Support Agreement, (iv) the Lock-Up Agreement, (v) the Tax Sharing Agreement, (vi) the Services Agreement, (vii) the Registration Rights Agreement, (viii) the Forward Purchase Contract, (ix) the irrevocable written consent of BTC International as the sole stockholder of the XBP Europe, (x) the irrevocable written consent of CF VIII as the sole stockholder of Merger Sub, and (xi) the License Agreement.

“Board” means the board of directors of the Company.

“BTC International” means BTC International Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

“Business Combination” means the Merger and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, collectively.

“Business Combination Marketing Agreement” means the business combination marketing agreement, dated March 11, 2021, between CF VIII and CF&Co.

“Bylaws” means the bylaws of the Company.

“Cantor” means Cantor Fitzgerald L.P., a Delaware limited partnership and an affiliate of the Sponsor, CF&Co. and, prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, CF VIII.

“CF&Co.” means Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., a New York general partnership.

“CFGM” means CF Group Management, Inc.

“CF VIII” means CF Acquisition Corp. VIII, a Delaware corporation.

“CF VIII Board” means the board of directors of CF VIII.

“CF VIII Capital Stock” means, collectively, the CF VIII Common Stock and any preferred stock of CF VIII, par value $0.0001 per share.

“CF VIII Charter” means the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of CF VIII, dated March 11, 2021, as amended and/or restated from time to time.

“CF VIII Class A Common Stock” means Class A common stock of CF VIII, par value $0.0001 per share, prior to the Business Combination.

“CF VIII Class B Common Stock” means Class B common stock of CF VIII, par value $0.0001 per share.

“CF VIII Common Stock” means, collectively, the CF VIII Class A Common Stock and the CF VIII Class B Common Stock.

“CF VIII Private Warrants” means the Placement Warrants and the Forward Purchase Warrants.

“CF VIII Public Shares” means the shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock sold as part of the CF VIII Units in the IPO.

“CF VIII Public Warrants” means the CF VIII Warrants sold as part of the CF VIII Units in the IPO.

“CF VIII Stockholders” means any holder of any shares of CF VIII Capital Stock.

“CF VIII Units” means units of CF VIII, each unit comprising one share of CF VIII Class A Common Stock and one-quarter of one CF VIII Warrant.

“CF VIII Warrants” means warrants to purchase shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock.

“Charter” means the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of the Company.

“Closing” means the closing of the Business Combination.

“Closing Date” means November 29, 2023.

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Common Stock” means common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company.

“Company” means XBP Europe Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation f/k/a CF Acquisition Corp. VIII.

“Continental” means Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

“DGCL” means the Delaware General Corporation Law.

“Dodd-Frank Act” means the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.

“Effective Time” means the time when the certificate of merger in respect of the Merger has been accepted for filing by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, or at such later time as may be agreed by Merger Sub and XBP Europe in writing and specified in the certificate of merger.

“EMEA Companies” means XBP Europe and its subsidiaries.

“Engagement Letter” means the engagement letter dated October 7, 2022 pursuant to which CF VIII engaged CF&Co. to act as its exclusive financial advisor for the Business Combination, in connection with which CF&Co. agreed to perform customary services for CF VIII in connection with the Business Combination.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Exela” means Exela Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

“Exela BPA” means Exela Technologies BPA, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company whose sole member is Exela.

“Exela Consolidated Group” means any consolidated, combined, or unitary group for U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) tax purposes that includes any of Exela and its affiliates (excluding XBP Europe and its subsidiaries) and any of the Company, XBP Europe and its subsidiaries.

“Existing Holders” means the holders of CF VIII Class A Common Stock who were party to the Registration Rights Agreement dated March 11, 2021 between CF VIII and such holders.

“Extension Loans” means, collectively, the First Extension Loan, the Second Extension Loan and the Third Extension Loan.

“FATCA” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance promulgated thereunder.

“First Extension” means the first extension of the date by which CF VIII was required to complete its initial business combination, from March 16, 2022 to September 30, 2022.

“First Extension Loan” means the loan to CF VIII made by Sponsor in the amount of $4,424,015 in March 2022 in connection with the First Extension.

“First Working Capital Loan” means the Working Capital Loan with the Sponsor in the amount of $1,000,000 entered into on June 30, 2022.

“Forward Purchase Contract” means the Forward Purchase Contract, dated as of March 11, 2021, by and between Sponsor and CF VIII.

“Forward Purchase Securities” means (i) 1,250,000 shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock (the “Forward Purchase Shares”), consisting of (a) 1,000,000 shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock, which the Sponsor purchased pursuant to the Forward Purchase Contract (“Non-Promote Forward Purchase Shares”) and (b) 250,000 shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock, which the Sponsor acquired for no additional consideration pursuant to the Forward Purchase Contract (“Promote Forward Purchase Shares”), and (ii) 250,000 Warrants to purchase shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock for $11.50 per share, which the Sponsor purchased pursuant to the Forward Purchase Contract (the “Forward Purchase Warrants”).

“Founder Shares” means (i) the 6,250,000 shares of CF VIII Class B Common Stock initially purchased by the Sponsor, (a) 5,000,000 of which were converted into shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock in March 2023, and (b) 516,600 of which were automatically converted into shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock at the consummation of the Business Combination (after taking into account the forfeiture of 733,400 shares by the Sponsor at Closing), and (ii) after the foregoing, 5,516,600 shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock were converted at Closing to shares of the Company’s Common Stock and, as of the date of this prospectus, are held by the Sponsor and two former independent directors of CF VIII).

“Fourth Extension” means the fourth extension of the date by which CF VIII was required to complete its initial business combination, from September 16, 2023 to March 16, 2024 (or such earlier date as determined by the CF VIII Board).

“Fourth Working Capital Loan” means a fourth Working Capital Loan with the Sponsor in the amount of up to $300,000 entered into on August 31, 2023.

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as in effect from time to time.

“Governmental Authority” means any federal, state, provincial, municipal, local, international, supranational or foreign government, governmental authority, regulatory or administrative agency (including the SEC), governmental commission, department, board, bureau, agency, court, arbitral tribunal, securities exchange or similar body or instrumentality thereof.

“Holder” or “Holders” means the Existing Holders and the New Holders and any person or entity who becomes a party to the Registration Rights Agreement.

“Indebtedness” means with respect to any Person, without duplication, any obligations, contingent or otherwise, in respect of (i) the principal of and premium (if any) in respect of all indebtedness for borrowed money, including accrued interest and any per diem interest accruals, (ii) the principal and interest components of capitalized lease obligations under GAAP, (iii) amounts drawn (including any accrued and unpaid interest) on letters of credit, bank guarantees, bankers’ acceptances and other similar instruments (solely to the extent such amounts have actually been drawn), (iv) the principal of and premium (if any) in respect of obligations evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes and similar instruments, (v) the termination value of interest rate protection agreements and currency obligation swaps, hedges or similar arrangements (without duplication of other indebtedness supported or guaranteed thereby), (vi) the principal component of all obligations to pay the deferred and unpaid purchase price of property and equipment which have been delivered, including “earn outs” and “seller notes” other than accounts payable arising in the ordinary course and (vii) breakage costs, prepayment or early termination premiums, penalties, or other fees or expenses payable as a result of the consummation of the Transactions in respect of any of the items in the foregoing clauses (i) through (vi), and (viii) all Indebtedness of another Person referred to in clauses (i) through (vii) above guaranteed directly or indirectly, jointly or severally.

“Insider Letter” means the letter agreement, dated as of March 11, 2021, entered into by and among CF VIII, the Sponsor, and certain officers and directors of CF VIII.

“IPO” means CF VIII’s initial public offering of CF VIII Units, which was consummated on March 11, 2021.

“JOBS Act” means Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012.

“License Agreement” means the Intercompany Confidentiality and Intellectual Property License Agreement entered into between XBP Europe and certain affiliates of the Ultimate Parent entered into concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement.

“Lock-Up Agreement” means the Lock-Up Agreement entered into on October 9, 2022, by and between XBP Europe, BTC International and CF VIII.

“Merger” means the merger of Merger Sub with and into XBP Europe.

“Merger Agreement” means the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 9, 2022, by and among CF VIII, Merger Sub, BTC International and XBP Europe (as the terms and conditions therein may be amended, modified or waived from time to time).

“Merger Sub” means Sierra Merger Sub Inc.

“Nasdaq” means the Nasdaq Stock Market.

“Nasdaq Listing Rule” means the Nasdaq Stock Market Listing Rule 5635.

“NDA” means the Confidentiality Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2022, between CF VIII and Exela.

“New Holders” means the parties listed under the New Holders on the signature page to the Registration Rights Agreement.

“Person” means any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, incorporated or unincorporated association, trust, estate, joint venture, joint stock company, Governmental Authority or instrumentality or other entity of any kind.

“Placement Shares” means the shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock underlying the Placement Units.

“Placement Units” means the 540,000 CF VIII Units initially issued to the Sponsor in the Private Placement.

“Placement Warrants” means the 135,000 Warrants underlying the Placement Units.

“Prior Registration Statement” means that certain Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-273963) filed by the Company that was declared effective on November 29, 2023, and registered 2,736,589 shares of Common Stock held by Sponsor under the Securities Act, as well as 2,500 held by a former independent director of CF VIII.

“Private Placement” means the private placement that closed concurrently with the closing of the IPO, on March 11, 2021, pursuant to which CF VIII issued and sold to the Sponsor 540,000 Placement Units, at a purchase price of $10.00 per Placement Unit, generating gross proceeds of $5.4 million.

“Private Warrants” means the Placement Warrants and the Forward Purchase Warrants.

“Public Warrants” means the CF VIII Warrants sold as part of the CF VIII Units in the IPO, which are currently exercisable at a price of $11.50 per share and were assumed by us in connection with the Business Combination.

“QAC 2” means Quinpario Acquisition Corp. 2.

“Registration Rights Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement entered into by and among the Company, the Sponsor, the independent directors of CF VIII, and BTC International upon the Closing.

“Sarbanes-Oxley Act” means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Second Extension” means the second extension of the date by which CF VIII was required to complete its initial business combination, from September 30, 2022 to March 16, 2023.

“Second Extension Loan” means the loan to CF VIII made by Sponsor in the amount of $976,832 made in September 2022 in connection with the Second Extension.

“Second Working Capital Loan” means a second Working Capital Loan with the Sponsor in the amount of $750,000 entered into on October 14, 2022.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time.

“Selling Securityholders” means the securityholders (or their permitted transferees) who are registering the resale of the shares of Common Stock and Warrants under this Registration Statement.

“Services Agreement” means the Services Agreement entered into upon the Closing between XBP Europe and Exela BPA.

“Sponsor” means CFAC Holdings VIII, LLC.

“Sponsor Loan” means the $1,750,000 loan made by the Sponsor for working capital.

“Sponsor Support Agreement” means the Sponsor Support Agreement entered into on October 9, 2022, by and among the Sponsor, CF VIII, BTC International and XBP Europe.

“Tax Sharing Agreement” means the Tax Sharing Agreement entered into upon the Closing between Exela, XBP Europe and the Company.

“Third Extension” means the third extension of the date by which CF VIII was required to complete its initial business combination, from March 16, 2023 to September 16, 2023.

“Third Extension Loan” means the loan to CF VIII made by Sponsor in the amount of $344,781 in March 2023 in connection with the Third Extension, which loan was funded in monthly amounts of $57,464 for each month of the Third Extension.

“Third Working Capital Loan” means a third Working Capital Loan with the Sponsor in the amount of $500,000 entered into on March 31, 2023.

“Transactions” means, collectively, the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement or any of the Ancillary Agreements.

“Transfer Agent” means Continental, in its capacity as transfer agent for CF VIII.

“Trust Account” means the trust account of CF VIII for the benefit of CF VIII’s public stockholders.

“Ultimate Parent” means ETI-XCV Holdings, LLC, an indirect parent of BTC International and wholly owned subsidiary of Exela.

“Ultimate Parent Support Agreement” means the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement entered into on October 9, 2022, by and between CF VIII and Ultimate Parent.

“Warrants” means warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock.

“Working Capital Loans” means loans that were provided by the Sponsor to CF VIII for working capital of CF VIII other than proceeds from the Sponsor Loan, consisting of the First Working Capital Loan, the Second Working Capital Loan, the Third Working Capital Loan and the Fourth Working Capital Loan.

“XBP Consolidated Group” means the consolidated group that consists of the Company and its subsidiaries.

“XBP Europe” means XBP Europe, Inc., a Delaware corporation and, prior to the Closing, a direct wholly owned subsidiary of BTC International, and following the Closing, a direct wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using the “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the Selling Securityholders from time to time may offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings from time to time through any means described in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” We may use the shelf registration statement to issue shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrants. We will receive proceeds from any exercise of the Warrants for cash.

Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders will make an offer to sell Common Stock in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

We may also provide a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement to add information to, or update or change information contained in, this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement together with the additional information to which we refer you in the sections of this prospectus entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.”

On November 29, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), we consummated the business combination (the “Closing”) pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 9, 2022 (as the terms and conditions therein may be amended, modified or waived from time to time, the “Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, Sierra Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”), BTC International Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“BTC International”), and XBP Europe, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“XBP Europe”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, a business combination between the Company and XBP Europe was effected through the merger of Merger Sub with and into XBP Europe, with XBP Europe as the surviving company in the Merger, and after giving effect to such merger, continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger” and, together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”). On the Closing Date, the registrant changed its name from CF Acquisition Corp. VIII to XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this prospectus to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms refer to XBP Holdings Corp. (f/k/a CF VIII Acquisition Corp.) and its consolidated subsidiaries (including XBP Europe). References to “CF VIII” refer to our predecessor company prior to the consummation of the Business Combination.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, including certain financial forecasts and projections. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this prospectus, including statements as to future results of operations and financial position, revenue and other metrics, planned products and services, business strategy and plans, objectives of management for future operations of the Company, market size and growth opportunities, competitive position and technological and market trends, are forward-looking statements. Some of these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words, including “may,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “will,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “predict,” “plan,” “targets,” “projects,” “could,” “would,” “continue,” “forecast” or the negatives of these terms or variations of them or similar expressions. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based upon estimates, forecasts and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by the Company and its management, as the case may be, are inherently uncertain and many factors may cause the actual results to differ materially from current expectations which include, but are not limited to:

•        the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against the Company or others and any definitive agreements with respect thereto;

•        the inability to meet the continued listing standards of Nasdaq or another securities exchange;

•        the risk that the Business Combination may disrupt current plans and operations of the Company and its subsidiaries;

•        the inability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination, which may be affected by, among other things, competition, the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to grow and manage growth profitably, maintain relationships with customers and suppliers and retain its management and key employees;

•        costs related to the Business Combination;

•        changes in applicable laws or regulations;

•        the possibility that the Company or any of its subsidiaries may be adversely affected by other economic, business and/or competitive factors;

•        risks related to XBP Europe’s potential inability to achieve or maintain profitability and generate cash;

•        the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including any mutations or variants thereof, or other pandemics, and the effect that any such pandemic may have on business and financial conditions;

•        volatility in the markets caused by geopolitical and economic factors;

•        the ability of XBP Europe to retain existing clients;

•        the potential inability of XBP Europe to manage growth effectively;

•        the ability to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel, and

•        other risks and uncertainties indicated in this prospectus, including those under “Risk Factors” herein.

Nothing in this report should be regarded as a representation by any person that the forward-looking statements set forth herein will be achieved or that any of the contemplated results of such forward-looking statements will be achieved. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. The Company gives no assurance that either the Company or any of its subsidiaries will achieve its expected results. These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this prospectus, and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, you should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below. Our business, operating results, financial condition or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material. If any of the events described below occur, the Company’s business and financial results could be adversely affected in material respects. This could result in a decline in the trading price of the Company’s securities, which may be significant, and you therefore may lose all or part of your investment. The risk factors described below are not necessarily exhaustive and you are encouraged to perform your own investigation with respect to the businesses of the Company.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “us,” “the Company” or “our” refer to XBP Europe prior to the Closing of the Business Combination, and to the Company and its subsidiaries (including XBP Europe and its subsidiaries) following Closing of the Business Combination.

Risks Related to the Company

The number of shares of Common Stock that the Selling Securityholders can sell into the public markets pursuant to this prospectus greatly exceeds the Company’s public float. As a result, the resale of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to this prospectus could cause a significant decline on the trading price of the Common Stock, even though not all of the securities covered by this prospectus held by the Selling Securityholders are eligible for immediate resale due to certain lock-up agreements.

The number of shares of Common Stock that the Selling Securityholders can sell into the public markets pursuant to this prospectus may greatly exceedexceeds the Company’s public float. As a result, the resale of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to this prospectus, or the perception that such resales may occur could cause a significant decline in the trading price of the Common Stock, even though not all of the shares of Common Stock held by the Selling Securityholders are eligible for immediate resale. This impact may be heightened by the fact that Sponsor purchased the 5,494,600 Founder Shares and 250,000 Promote Forward Purchase Shares (71, 391 of which are covered by this registration statement, and 178,609 were registered for resale on the Prior Registration Statement) at prices that are significantly below the current trading price of the Company’s shares of Common Stock of $2.26,$2.75, as of JanuaryFebruary 31, 2024.7, 2024 as reported by Nasdaq. See “Risk Factors — The Selling Securityholders can earn a positive rate of return on their investment in our Common Stock, even if other stockholders experience a negative rate of return on their shares” below for information regarding the purchase prices applicable to the Selling Securityholders’ shares and their potential to profit on certain shares even at the present market price.”

The number of shares of Common Stock that the Selling Securityholders may offer for resale pursuant to this prospectus represents approximately 90.9% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, assuming the exercise of the Private Warrants for cash, (with 19.7%and approximately 1,576.5% of our outstanding sharespublicly owned by the Sponsor and 72.3% owned by BTC International).shares. The Sponsor also owns an additional 1,035,913 share of Common Stock that are registered for resale pursuant to the Prior Registration Statement. Taking into accountCombining these additional shares the Sponsor owns approximately 22.9% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, assuming the exercise of the Private Warrants for cash (and together with the other Selling Shareholders,shares that may be offered for resale pursuant to this prospectus, the total number of shares ownedthat the Selling Securityholders may offer for resale is approximately 94.3% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock).Stock, and 1,635.3% of our publicly owned shares. This amount greatly exceeds our public float, and as a result, the resale of our shares of Common Stock pursuant to this prospectus and the Prior Registration Statement, or the perception that such sales may occur, may cause a significant decline on the trading price of our Common Stock, even though 27,546,964 of our shares of Common Stock, representing approximately 91.3% of our shares, are subject to restrictions on resale until the earlier of (i) November 29, 2024 (the one-year anniversary of the Closing) and (ii) the date on which the Company consummates a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization, or other similar transaction which results in all of the Company’s stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Common Stock for cash, securities or other property, unless such restrictions are earlier waived. For additional information regarding the restriction on sale of shares of Common Stock by the Sponsor and BTC International, see “Plan of Distribution — Lock-up Restrictions” in this prospectus.

Subject to the termination of the lock-up restrictions on the applicable securities, the Selling Securityholders may determine the timing, pricing and rate at which they sell such shares into the public. Given the substantial number of shares of Common Stock being registered for potential resale by the Selling Securityholders pursuant

to this prospectus, the sale of shares by the Selling Securityholders, or the perception in the market that the Selling Securityholders intend to sell shares, may increase the volatility of the market price of the Company’s ordinary shares, and may cause a significant decline in the trading price of the Company’s securities.

The Selling Securityholders can earn a positive rate of return on their investment in our Common Stock, even if other stockholders experience a negative rate of return on their shares.

Certain of the Selling Securityholders acquired their shares of Common Stock being registered pursuant to this registration statement at or below $2.26,$2.75, the closing market price as of JanuaryFebruary 31,7, 2024 as reported by Nasdaq, and $10.00 per share, the public offering price applicable for CF VIII Units. The CF VIII Units consisted of one share of CF VIII Class A Common Stock and one-fourth of one Public Warrant.

The shares of Common Stock being offered for resale include:

•        5,494,600 Founder Shares acquired by Sponsor in a private placement at the time of the IPO at a purchase price of approximately $0.005 per share (after taking into account the forfeiture of 733,400 at the time of the Business Combination;

•        71,391 Promote Forward Purchase Shares which were acquired by the Sponsor for no additional consideration in a private placement at the time of the Business Combination under a forward purchase contract, pursuant to which CF VIII issued and sold to Sponsor the Forward Purchase Securities;

•        21,802,364 shares of Common Stock issued to BTC International Holdings, Inc. pursuant to the Merger Agreement, issued with a value of approximately $6.70 per shares per share (determined based upon a equity value of $200.5 million at closing of the Business Combination); and

•        11,000 Founder Shares were acquired by each of the independent directors of CF VIII that are Selling Securityholders from the Sponsor for no cash consideration (for which we assume, solely for the purpose of disclosing the potential profit arising from the sale of such shares and without regard to the actual tax basis that each director has in such shares, that each such director acquired such shares at no cost.

The Warrants being offered for resale include:

•        6,634,980 Public Warrants, which were originally acquired in the IPO by purchasers of CF VIII Units.

•        135,000 Private Placement Warrants acquired by Sponsor, with an assumed price of $1.32 per whole warrant (based upon an assumed price of $0.33 for each one-fourth of a Private Placement Warrant included in each Placement Unit based on the value of the CF VIII Private Warrants at the time of the IPO); and

•        250,000 Forward Purchase Warrants, with an assumed price of $0.08 per whole warrant (based on an assumed price of $0.02 for each one-fourth of a Placement Warrant included in each Placement Unit based on the value of the CF VIII Public Warrants on November 27, 2023, two days before the Closing Date).

The current exercise for the Warrants is $11.50 per share.

In addition to the above shares owned by Sponsor, on JanuaryFebruary 26,7, 2024 the Sponsor also owns (i) 537,500 Placement Shares which it acquired at a price of $9.67 (based upon an assumed price of $0.33 for each one-fourth of a Placement Warrant included in each Placement Unit based on the value of the CF VIII Private Warrants at the time of the IPO), (ii) 319,804 Non-Promote Forward Purchase Shares which it acquired at a price of $9.98 (based upon an assumed price of $0.02 for each one-fourth of a Placement Warrant included in each Placement Unit based on the value of the CF VIII Public Warrants on November 27, 2023, two days before the Business Combination closed), and (iii) an additional 178,609 Promote Forward Purchase Shares, which it also acquired at the same price as the Promote Forward Purchase Shares indicated in the paragraph above. All of these shares of Common Stock were previously registered for resale on the Prior Registration Statement.

Consequently, the Selling Securityholders may realize a positive rate of return on the sale of their shares of Common Stock covered by this prospectus when the market price per share of Common Stock is below $10.00 per share, even if the public stockholders experience a negative rate of return on their investment.

On JanuaryFebruary 31,7, 2024, the closing price of our Common Stock as reported by Nasdaq was $2.26.$2.75. Based upon such sale price, Sponsor may experience a potential profit of $2.255$2.745 per share for each Founder Shares, $2.26$2.75 per share for each Promote Forward Purchase Share, and the potential profit that each independent director may experience would be $2.26$2.75 per share. If each of Sponsor and each independent director were to sell all of its, his or her respective shares covered by this prospectus (and in the case of Sponsor, the 178,609 Promote Forward Purchase Shares registered for resale on the Prior Registration Statement) at $2.26$2.75 per share, they would experience a profit of $12,955,323$15,770,177 and $49,720,$60,500, respectively.

The Company’s ability to achieve continued and sustained profitability is uncertain.

The Company’s profitability depends on, among other things, its ability to generate revenue in excess of its expenses. However, the Company has significant and continuing fixed costs and expenses, which it may not be able to reduce adequately to sustain such profitability if its revenue continues to decrease, or if revenue does not increase commensurately with an increase in costs. In addition, the Company may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown events that may cause its costs to exceed its expectations. In addition, the Company will incur certain additional legal, accounting and other expenses that it would not occur as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Exela, as further described in the risk factor entitled “The Company will incur significant increased expenses and administrative burdens as a public company, which could have an adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations” below.

The Company’s revenues have declined over the last few years due to, among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic, a loss of clients, the completion of certain one-off projects, currency fluctuation exposure, the transition of the Company’s clients to lower revenue but higher margin systems and platforms, and changes of clients’ technology that has resulted in less transactions that fall under the contractual arrangements with the Company. In addition, one of the Company’s top 10 clients ended its contract with the Company in April 2023, and another one of the Company’s top 10 clients in 2022 was for a one-off project and will not generate revenue in 2023. Contracts with several other large clients are up for renewal. Although these contracts are expected to be renewed, there can be no assurances that they will be renewed on favorable terms or at all.

Further, the Company’s revenues may be adversely affected by many factors, including but not limited to the COVID-19 pandemic or a future pandemic; a potential recession in Europe; the inability to attract new clients to use its services; a failure by existing clients to renew their contracts or use additional services (or a decision by existing clients to cease or reduce using the Company’s services); the lengthening of its sales cycles and implementation periods; changes in its client mix; failure of clients to pay invoices on a timely basis or at all; a failure in the performance of the Company’s solutions or internal controls that adversely affects its reputation or results in loss of business; the loss of market share to existing or new competitors; the failure to enter or succeed in new markets; regional or global economic conditions or regulations affecting perceived need for or value of the Company’s services; or the Company’s inability to develop new offerings, expand its offerings or drive adoption of its new offerings on a timely basis and thus potentially not meeting evolving market needs.

The Company’s future profitability also may be impacted by non-cash charges and potential impairment of goodwill, which will negatively affect its reported financial results. Even if it achieves profitability on an annual basis, the Company may not be able to achieve profitability on a quarterly basis. The Company may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including those described elsewhere herein. Any inability of the Company to achieve continued and sustained profitability may adversely impact its financial position and may require the Company to seek additional financing (which will be subject to the risks described in the risk factor below entitled “The Company may need to raise debt or equity financing, which it may be unable to do on favorable terms or at all”).

The Company may need to raise debt or equity financing, which it may be unable to do on favorable terms or at all. In addition, the Company must obtain the consent of the Sponsor and an affiliate of BTC International prior to any additional issuances of equity in excess of approximately 3,026,000 shares of Common Stock prior to the one year anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination.

The Company may be unable to generate continued and sustained profitability, or may incur significant losses in the future. As a result, the Company may need to raise additional capital through debt and/or equity financing at some point in the future. Any debt agreements the Company enters into at such time may include financial or operational covenants which may constrain its ability to operate its business, and any inability to satisfy covenants contained in any debt agreements may require prepayment and/or refinancing of such debt. The Company may also be unable to raise debt and/or equity financing at an attractive price or on attractive terms or at all.

Under the Approval Rights Agreements described under the heading “The Business Combination — Related Agreements — Approval Rights Agreements,” the Company is subject to restrictions on its ability to issue new equity following Closing without the consent of the Sponsor and ETI-MNA LLC (an affiliate of BTC International). Accordingly, the Company may be prohibited from raising any equity financing at a time when available cash may be limited, which could impact the Company’s ability to carry out its business operations as currently anticipated and adversely affect its business and financial position and/or the price of its Common Stock. Under the Approval Rights Agreements, if the consent of the Sponsor and ETI-MNA LLC is required and not obtained, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock the Company may issue would be approximately 3,026,000, excluding any exercise of Warrants. In addition, under an Approval Rights Agreement, the Company may be required to publicly disclose material non-public information previously shared with the party with approval rights under such agreement, which may hinder the Company’s ability to confidentially market certain offerings.

Additionally, on JanuaryFebruary 31,7, 2024, the closing price of our Common Stock as reported by Nasdaq was $2.26.$2.75. Currently, the exercise price of the Warrants is greater than the current market price of our shares of Common Stock. Accordingly, such Warrants are unlikely to be exercised at this time and therefore we do not expect to receive any proceeds from such exercise of the Warrants in the near term. Whether any holders of Warrants determine to exercise such Warrants, which would result in cash proceeds to us, will likely depend upon the market price of our Common Stock at the time of any such holder’s determination.

The limited public float of the Company may also adversely affect its ability to raise debt and/or equity financing on attractive terms or at all. For more, see “The Company has a limited public float, which adversely affects trading volume and liquidity, and may adversely affect the price of the Common Stock and access to additional capital.”

The Company relies on Exela, which is a highly leveraged public company and faces substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern, and due to a change in auditor is delinquent in filing its third quarter Form 10-Q with the SEC and subject to a notice of non-compliance from Nasdaq. An adverse event affecting Exela may affect the delivery and availability of the services the Company relies on Exela to provide.

The Company is majority owned by Exela. The Company relies on the services that Exela has provided in the past and Exela has agreed to continue to provide certain services and fulfill other obligations in the future as more fully described in “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions,” pursuant to the Tax Sharing Agreement, the Services Agreement and the License Agreement.

Exela remains highly leveraged. In January 2023, a subsidiary of Exela initially did not make the semi-annual interest payments due under certain of its secured notes on time. The payment was subsequently made in February 2023 within a 30 day grace period permitted under such secured notes. To provide sufficient capital to make such payments, Exela arranged a financing and issued a substantial number of additional shares in the first quarter of 2023. As of March 31, 2023, Exela had a total of $1.1 billion in third-party debt, and Exela’s financial statements in its Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 described a substantial doubt about Exela’s ability to continue as a going concern under the standards of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern (along with actions Exela has taken to try to mitigate such doubt). On July 11, 2023, certain of Exela’s subsidiaries completed an exchange offer, which resulted in a reduction of its long-term indebtedness to approximately $792 million (excluding $314 million of notes held by Exela’s subsidiaries). There can be no assurance that Exela will not become more leveraged in the future. Considering the Company’s relationship with Exela, stockholders are encouraged to review Exela’s public filings relating to the foregoing matters and negotiations with its noteholders.

As disclosed in Exela’s filings with the SEC, Exela has from time to time been at risk of being delisted from Nasdaq. Due to the engagement of a new auditor, on October 24, 2023, Exela was unable to timely file its Forms 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023 and as a result, received a notice of noncompliance from Nasdaq. Under Nasdaq listing rules, Exela has up to 180 calendar days from the Form 10-Q due date to regain compliance. There can be no assurance that Exela will be able to make its required SEC filings or regain compliance with the Nasdaq listing requirements. If Exela were no longer listed on Nasdaq, investors in its equity securities might only be able to trade on one of the over-the-counter markets, thereby impairing the liquidity of those securities. As a result, Exela might face adverse consequences, including a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing.

All of the directors on the Board, other than Mr. Jonovic, are currently directors of Exela. Thus, there will be no members of the Company’s Board who do not owe a separate fiduciary duty to Exela, except for Mr. Jonovic. Mr. Jonovic, who is the son-in-law of Mr. Chadha and an Executive Vice President of Exela, also has an interest in Exela. In the event of a conflict of interest between the Company and Exela, there may be no member of the Board of the Company who would not have a conflicting fiduciary duty or other conflicting interest.

In the event of adverse developments with respect to Exela, including as a result of the events described above, the services that the Company will rely on Exela to provide under the Services Agreement and/or the License Agreement and Exela’s ability and willingness to comply with its obligations under those agreements and under the Tax Sharing Agreement, could be adversely affected. Any such event would impact the ability of the Company to carry out its business operations as currently anticipated, which could adversely affect its business and financial position and/or the price of its Common Stock.

If the Company is unable to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, it may not be able to accurately report its financial results in a timely manner or there may be misstatements in its financial statements (which may include material misstatements), any of which may adversely affect investor confidence and materially and adversely affect business and operating results.

The Company’s financial statements were prepared in reliance on information provided by, and personnel of, Exela. There can be no assurance that its internal controls will be effective, which could adversely affect its ability to accurately report its financial statements in a timely manner or there may be misstatements in its financial statements (which may be material misstatements). The occurrence of any such events may adversely affect investor confidence and materially and adversely affect business and operating results.

As described in Exela’s audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Exela’s independent auditor and management concluded that Exela had material weaknesses in internal controls. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis. Effective internal controls are necessary to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. Exela has reported that it is continuing to implement a remediation plan to address such material weaknesses.

There can be no assurances that Exela will continue to control the Company in the future. Any change in control of the Company may impact its strategy or business, including in a manner adverse to the Company’s stockholders.

For various strategic reasons, Exela may need to raise additional financing and may choose to engage in non-strategic divestitures and/or liquidations of assets including, potentially, dispositions of shares of Common Stock (subject to compliance with the lock-up restrictions further described in the section entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Lock-Up Agreement”). In the event Exela disposes of shares of Common Stock, such dispositions may cause the market value of the Common Stock to decline or could result in a change of control of the Company. Any change in control of the Company may result in a change in the Company’s strategy or business, including in a manner adverse to the Company’s stockholders.

Historical or new adverse issues associated with Exela or its management, such as litigation and missed projections, as well as issues associated with the Company, such as missed projections, may adversely impact the Company’s reputation, business and financial position and share price.

Significant negative news, adverse legal or regulatory findings, material litigation, reputational damage and other adverse developments associated with Exela and/or members of its management team, whether historical or in the future, may adversely impact the Company’s reputation, business and financial position and share price.

In 2022, subsidiaries of Exela engaged in an internal stock purchase where the Company was purchased from a group of highly-leveraged Exela subsidiaries. It is possible that the creditors of such subsidiaries could bring a claim against the Company related to such transaction. In addition, Exela and its predecessor entities and management have been subject to a variety of claims (including members of the Company’s management and may in the future be subject to claims), including claims that resulted in certain adverse settlements and judgments against Exela.

Missed projections by the Company (or, potentially, by Exela, which continued to control the Company following the Closing and has missed certain of its projections in the past), may have a negative impact on the Company or the perception of the Company and its management in the capital markets. The Company’s actual results for the year ended December 31, 2022 included revenue of $180.5 million and Adjusted EBITDA of $14.5 million. Such results were lower than those that XBP Europe had previously forecasted and provided to CF VIII in connection with the Business Combination. The missed projections by XBP Europe resulted from a combination of factors including, among others, lower than expected revenues, delayed revenues, higher than expected costs and change in foreign exchange rates. XBP Europe’s revenue and Adjusted EBITDA figures for the year ended December 31, 2022 can be located in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis Section of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this prospectus.

Such historical claims, settlements or judgments, or any new claims, whether or not successful, as well as missed projections by Exela or the Company, may adversely affect the reputation or perception of the Company and its management team, and ultimately, the Company’s business, financial position, and share price.

Certain of the Company’s contracts are subject to rights of termination, audit and/or investigation, which, if exercised, could negatively impact the Company’s reputation and reduce the Company’s ability to compete for new contracts and have an adverse effect on its business, results of operation and financial condition.

Many of the Company’s client contracts may be terminated by its clients without cause and without any fee or penalty, with only limited notice. Any failure to meet a client’s expectations, as well as factors beyond the Company’s control, including a client’s financial condition, strategic priorities, or mergers and acquisitions, could result in a cancellation or non-renewal of such a contract or a decrease in business provided to the Company and cause its actual results to differ from its forecasts. The Company may not be able to replace a client that elects to terminate or not renew its contract with it, which would reduce its revenues. As described in the risk factor entitled “The Company’s ability to achieve continued and sustained profitability is uncertain” above, one of the Company’s top 10 clients ended its contract with the Company in April 2023, and another one of the Company’s top 10 clients in 2022 was for a one-off project and will not generate revenue in 2023.

In addition, a portion of the Company’s revenues is derived from contracts with foreign governments and their agencies. Government entities typically finance projects through appropriated funds. While these projects are often planned and executed as multi-year projects, government entities usually reserve the right to change the scope of, or terminate, these projects for lack of approved funding and/or at their convenience. Changes in government or political developments, including budget deficits, shortfalls or uncertainties, government spending reductions (e.g., during a government transition or other debt or funding constraints could result in lower governmental sales and in the Company’s projects being reduced in price or scope or terminated altogether, which also could limit its recovery of incurred costs, reimbursable expenses and profits on work completed prior to the termination. The public procurement environment is unpredictable and this could adversely affect the Company’s ability to perform work under new and existing contracts. These risks can potentially have an adverse effect on the Company’s revenue growth and profit margins.

Moreover, government contracts are generally subject to a right to conduct audits and investigations by government agencies. Additionally, if the government discovers improper or illegal activities or contractual non-compliance (including improper billing), the Company may be subject to various civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, which may include termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspensions or debarment from doing business with the government. Any resulting penalties or sanctions could be substantial. Further, the negative publicity that could arise from any such penalties, sanctions or findings in such audits or investigations could have an adverse effect on the Company’s reputation in the industry and reduce its ability to compete for new contracts and could materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

The Company may not be able to offset increased costs with increased fees under its contracts.

The pricing and other terms of the Company’s client contracts are based on estimates and assumptions the Company makes at the time it enters into these contracts. These estimates reflect the Company’s best judgments regarding the nature of the engagement and the Company’s expected costs to provide the contracted services and could differ from actual results. Not all of the Company’s larger long-term contracts allow for escalation of fees as

the Company’s costs of operations increase and those that allow for such escalations do not always allow increases at rates comparable to increases that the Company experiences. In circumstances where the Company cannot negotiate long-term contract terms that provide for fee adjustments to reflect increases in the Company’s cost of service delivery, the Company’s business, financial conditions, and results of operation could be materially impacted. Any such increase in costs may require the Company to seek additional financing (which will be subject to the risks described in the risk factor above entitled “The Company may need to raise debt or equity financing, which it may be unable to do on favorable terms or at all”).

The Company’s business process automation solutions often require long selling cycles and long implementation periods that may result in significant upfront expenses that may not be recovered.

The Company often faces long selling cycles to secure new contracts for its business process automation solutions. If the Company is successful in obtaining an engagement, the selling cycle may be followed by a long implementation period during which it plans its services in detail and demonstrates to the client its ability to successfully integrate its solutions with the client’s internal operations. The Company’s clients may experience delays in obtaining internal approvals or delays associated with technology or system implementations which can further lengthen the selling cycle or implementation period, and certain engagements may also require a ramping up period after implementation before the Company can commence providing its services. Even if the Company succeeds in developing a relationship with a potential client and begin to discuss the services in detail, the potential client may choose a competitor or decide to retain the work in-house prior to the time a contract is signed. In addition, once a contract is signed, the Company sometimes does not begin to receive revenue until completion of the implementation period and its solution is fully operational. The extended lengths of the Company’s selling cycles and implementation periods can result in the incurrence of significant upfront expenses that may never result in profits or may result in profits only after a significant period of time has elapsed, which may negatively impact its financial performance. For example, the Company generally hires new employees to provide services in connection with certain large engagements once a new contract is signed. Accordingly, the Company may incur significant costs associated with these hires before it collects corresponding revenues. The Company’s inability to obtain contractual commitments after a selling cycle, maintain contractual commitments after the implementation period or limit expenses prior to the receipt of corresponding revenue may have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

Further, under the United Kingdom’s Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employees) Regulations, 2006, as well as similar regulations in European Union member countries, employees who are dismissed by an incumbent outsourced services supplier that is being replaced could seek compensation from their current or new employer. This could adversely impact the Company’s clients’ ability to outsource and result in additional costs due to redundancy payment liabilities. Such events could have an adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations and its financial position and require the Company to seek additional financing (which will be subject to the risks described in the risk factor above entitled “The Company may need to raise debt or equity financing, which it may be unable to do on favorable terms or at all”).

The Company faces significant competition, including from clients who may elect to perform their business processes in-house or invest in their own technologies in-house.

The Company’s industry is highly competitive, fragmented and subject to rapid change. The Company competes primarily against local, national, regional and large multi-national information and payment technology companies, including focused business process outsourcing (“BPO”) companies based in offshore locations, as well as other BPO and business process automation, consulting services and digital transformation solution providers that focus on the in-house capabilities of the Company’s clients and potential clients. These competitors may include entrants from adjacent industries or entrants in geographic locations with lower costs than those in which the Company operates.

Some of the Company’s competitors have greater financial, marketing, technological or other resources, larger client bases and more established reputations or brand awareness than it does. In addition, some of the Company’s competitors who do not have, or have limited, global delivery capabilities may expand their delivery centers to the countries in which it operates or increase their capacity in lower cost geographies, which could result in increased competition. Some of the Company’s competitors may also enter into strategic or commercial relationships among themselves or with larger, more established companies in order to benefit from increased scale and enhanced scope

capabilities or enter into similar arrangements with potential clients. Further, the Company expects competition to intensify in the future as more companies enter its markets and clients consolidate the services they require among fewer vendors. Increased competition, the Company’s inability to compete successfully against competitors, pricing pressures or loss of market share could result in reduced operating margins, which could adversely affect its business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Company’s industry is characterized by rapid technological change and failure to compete successfully within the industry and address such changes could adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.

The process of developing new services and solutions is inherently complex and uncertain. It requires accurate anticipation of clients’ changing needs and emerging technological trends. The Company must make long-term investments and commit significant resources before knowing whether these investments will eventually result in services that achieve client acceptance and generate the revenues required to provide desired returns. If the Company fails to accurately anticipate and meet its clients’ needs through the development of new technologies and service offerings or if its new services are not widely accepted, it could lose market share and clients to its competitors and that could materially adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.

More specifically, the business process automation industry in which part of the Company’s business operates is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and changing client preferences. The success of the Company’s business depends, in part, upon its ability to develop technology and solutions that keep pace with changes in its industry and the industries of its clients. Although the Company has made, and will continue to make, significant investments in the research, design and development of new technology and platforms-driven solutions, it may not be successful in addressing these changes on a timely basis or in marketing the changes it implements. In addition, products or technologies developed by others may render the Company’s services uncompetitive or obsolete. Failure to address these developments could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, existing and potential clients are actively shifting their businesses away from paper-based environments to electronic environments with reduced needs for physical document management and processing. This shift may result in decreased demand for the physical document management services the Company provides. Though the Company has solutions for clients seeking to make these types of transitions, a significant shift by its clients away from physical documents to non-paper based technologies, whether now existing or developed in the future, could adversely affect its business, results of operation and financial condition.

Also, some of the large international companies in the industry have significant financial resources and compete with us to provide document processing services and/or business process services. The Company competes primarily on the basis of technology, performance, price, quality, reliability, brand, distribution and client service and support. The Company’s success in future performance is largely dependent upon its ability to compete successfully, to promptly and effectively react to changing technologies and client expectations and to expand into additional market segments. To remain competitive, The Company must develop services and applications; periodically enhance its existing offerings; remain cost efficient; and attract and retain key personnel and management. If the Company is unable to compete successfully, the Company could lose market share and important clients to its competitors and that could materially adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.

The Company’s business could be materially and adversely affected if it does not protect its intellectual property or if its services are found to infringe on the intellectual property of others, or if the intellectual property Exela or its subsidiaries provides under the License Agreement is not protected or is found to infringe on the intellectual property of others.

The Company’s success depends in part on certain methodologies and practices it utilizes in developing and implementing applications and other proprietary intellectual property rights. In order to protect such rights, the Company relies upon a combination of nondisclosure, license and other contractual arrangements, as well as trade secret, copyright, trademark and patent laws but the Company has limited registered intellectual property and, as a result, could in the future be subject to infringement claims which could lead to substantial additional costs. After the Closing, the Company’s operations will depend on its ability to independently manage its intellectual property portfolio (which it has not had to do in the past). The Company also generally enters into confidentiality agreements

with its employees, clients and potential clients, and limits access to and distribution of its proprietary information. There can be no assurance that the laws, rules, regulations and treaties in effect in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates and the contractual and other protective measures it takes are or will be adequate to protect it from misappropriation or unauthorized use of its intellectual property, or that such laws will not change. There can be no assurance that the resources invested by the Company to protect its intellectual property will be sufficient or that its intellectual property portfolio will adequately deter misappropriation or improper use of its technology, and its intellectual property rights may not prevent competitors from independently developing or selling products and services similar to or duplicative of the Company’s. The Company may not be able to detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps to enforce its rights, and any such steps may be costly and unsuccessful. Infringement by others of the Company’s intellectual property, and the costs to the Company of enforcing its intellectual property rights, may have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition. The Company could also face competition in some countries where it has not invested in an intellectual property portfolio. If the Company is not able to protect its intellectual property, the value of its brand and other intangible assets may be diminished, and its business may be adversely affected. Further, although the Company believes that it is not infringing on the intellectual property rights of others, claims may nonetheless be successfully asserted against it in the future, and the Company may be the target of enforcement of patents or other intellectual property by third parties, including aggressive and opportunistic enforcement claims by non-practicing entities. Regardless of the merit of such claims, responding to infringement claims can be expensive and time-consuming. If the Company is found to infringe any third-party rights, the Company could be required to pay substantial damages or it could be enjoined from offering some of its products and services. The costs of defending any such claims could be significant, and any successful claim may require the Company to modify its services. The value of, or the Company’s ability to use, its intellectual property may also be negatively impacted by dependencies on third parties, such as its ability to obtain or renew on reasonable terms licenses that the Company needs in the future, or its ability to secure or retain ownership or rights to use data in certain software analytics or services offerings. Any such circumstances may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, as described above, the Company will rely on Exela for certain services following the Closing, including intellectual property of Exela and its subsidiaries, which will be provided pursuant to the License Agreement. Such intellectual property to be provided will be subject to many of the same risks described above. In particular, the Company will rely on Exela and its subsidiaries to protect such intellectual property, and its business operations may be materially impacted if such intellectual property is determined to have infringed on the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, if Exela or its subsidiaries is or are unwilling or unable to provide such intellectual property in accordance with the terms of the License Agreement, the Company’s business could be adversely affected. For more, see the risk factor above entitled “The Company relies on Exela, which is a highly leveraged public company and faces substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern, and due to a change in auditor is delinquent in filing its third quarter Form 10-Q with the SEC and subject to a notice of non-compliance from Nasdaq. An adverse event affecting Exela may affect the delivery and availability of the services the Company relies on Exela to provide.”

The Company’s revenues are highly dependent on the banking and finance industries, and any decrease in demand for business process solutions in these industries could reduce its revenues and adversely affect the results of operations.

A substantial portion of the Company’s revenues are derived from the banking and finance industries. Clients in banking and financial services accounted for 53% and 46% of the Company’s revenues in 2022 and 2021, respectively. Clients who provide commercial services accounted for 6% and 9% of the Company’s revenues in 2022 and 2021, respectively. Clients in the services, technology, and manufacturing industries accounted for 22% and 25% of the Company’s revenues in 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company’s success largely depends on continued demand for its services from clients in these segments, and a downturn or reversal of the demand for business process solutions in any of these segments, or the introduction of regulations that restrict or discourage companies from engaging its services, could materially adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, consolidation in any of these industries or combinations or mergers, particularly involving the Company’s clients, may decrease the potential number of clients for its services. The Company has been affected by the worsening of economic conditions and significant consolidation in the financial services industry and the continuation of this trend may negatively affect its revenues and profitability. Europe’s persistently high inflation, caused in part by increasing energy prices, as a result of the conflict in the Ukraine, may not ease despite measures

aimed at reducing inflation. This may ultimately result in a recession. A recession in Europe (including the EU and/or the UK) may lead to further consolidation in the financial services industry, a reduction in demand for the Company’s services or otherwise adversely affect the Company’s operations or financial performance.

The Company derives significant revenue and profit from contracts awarded through competitive bidding processes, including renewals, which can impose substantial costs on the Company, and the Company will not achieve revenue and profit objectives if it fails to accurately and effectively bid on (and win or renew) such projects. In addition, even if bids are won and a contract is awarded to the Company, revenue and profit objectives may not be achieved due to a number of factors outside its control, including cases where an applicable contract or framework arrangement does not guarantee transaction volume.

Many of the contracts awarded to the Company through competitive bidding procedures are extremely complex and require the investment of significant resources in order to prepare accurate bids and proposals. Competitive bidding imposes substantial costs and presents a number of risks, including: (i) the substantial cost and managerial time and effort that the Company spends to prepare bids and proposals for contracts that may or may not be awarded to it; (ii) the need to estimate accurately the resources and costs that will be required to implement and service any contracts the Company is awarded, sometimes in advance of the final determination of their full scope and design; (iii) the expense and delay that may arise if the Company’s competitors protest or challenge awards made to it pursuant to competitive bidding and the risk that such protests or challenges could result in the requirement to resubmit bids and in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contracts; and (iv) the opportunity cost of not bidding on and winning other contracts the Company might otherwise pursue. If the Company’s competitors protest or challenge an award made to it on a government contract, it could involve litigation that could take years to resolve.

The Company’s profitability is dependent upon its ability to obtain adequate pricing for its services and to improve its cost structure.

The Company’s success depends on its ability to obtain adequate pricing for its services. Depending on competitive market factors, future prices the Company obtains for its services may decline from previous levels. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate pricing for its services, that could materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

The Company regularly reviews its operations with a view towards reducing its cost structure, including, without limitation, reducing its employee base, exiting certain businesses, improving process and system efficiencies and outsourcing some internal functions. The Company, from time to time, engages in operational restructuring to reduce costs. If the Company is unable to continue to maintain its cost base at or below the current level and maintain process and systems changes resulting from prior restructuring actions or to realize the expected cost reductions in the ongoing strategic transformation program, it could materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. In addition, in order to meet the service requirements of the Company’s clients, which often includes 24/7 service, and to optimize its employee cost base, including its back-office support, the Company often relies on delivery service and back-office support centers in lower-cost locations, including several developing countries. Relying on centers in these locations presents a number of operational risks, many of which are beyond its control, including the risks of political instability, natural disasters, safety and security risks, labor disruptions, excessive employee turnover and rising labor rates. Additionally, a change in the political environment in Europe or the adoption and enforcement of legislation and regulations curbing the use of such centers outside of Europe could materially adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition. These risks could impair the Company’s ability to effectively provide services to its clients and keep its costs aligned to its associated revenues and market requirements.

The Company’s ability to sustain and improve profit margins is dependent on a number of factors, including its ability to continue to improve the cost efficiency of its operations through such programs as robotic process automation, to absorb the level of pricing pressures on its services through cost improvements and to successfully complete information technology initiatives. If any of these factors adversely materialize or if the Company is unable to achieve and maintain productivity improvements through restructuring actions or information technology initiatives, its ability to offset labor cost inflation and competitive price pressures would be impaired, each of which could materially adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition and could require the Company to seek additional financing (which will be subject to the risks described in the risk factor above entitled “The

Company may need to raise debt or equity financing, which it may be unable to do on favorable terms or at all”). Furthermore, these restructurings may lead to negative implications or disruptions to client experience and therefore the Company could face unexpected consequences.

Fluctuations in the costs of labor, paper, ink, energy, by-products and other materials and resources may adversely impact the results of the Company’s operations.

Purchases of paper, ink, energy and other raw materials represent a material portion of the Company’s costs. Increases in the costs of these inputs, especially as a result of the current high-inflationary environment in the countries in which the Company operates, may not be able to be passed on to the Company’s clients through higher prices. The Company further expects that inflation may continue to increase or remain higher than in the recent past, resulting in growing costs. In addition, the Company may not be able to resell waste paper and other print-related by-products or may be adversely impacted by decreases in the prices for these by-products. Increases in the cost of materials may adversely impact clients’ demand for the Company’s printing and printing-related services.

The Company relies, in some cases, on third-party hardware, software and services, which could cause errors or failures of the Company’s services and resulting in adverse effects for the Company’s business and reputation.

Although the Company developed many of its platform-driven solutions internally or with the help of Exela and its other affiliates, the Company relies, in some cases, on third-party hardware and software in connection with its service offerings which the Company either purchases or leases from third-party vendors. The Company is generally able to select from a number of competing hardware and software applications, but the complexity and unique specifications of the hardware or software makes design defects and software errors difficult to detect. Any errors or defects in third-party hardware or software that are incorporated into the Company’s service offerings may result in a delay or loss of revenue, diversion of resources, damage to its reputation, the loss of the affected client, loss of future business, increased service costs or potential litigation claims against the Company.

Further, this hardware and software may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Any loss of the right to use any of this hardware or software could result in delays in the provisioning of the Company’s services, which could negatively affect its business until equivalent technology is either developed by it or, if available, is identified, obtained and integrated. In addition, it is possible that the Company’s hardware vendors or the licensors of third-party software could increase the prices they charge, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations. Further, changing hardware vendors or software licensors could detract from management’s ability to focus on the ongoing operations of the Company’s business or could cause delays in the operations of its business.

The Company is subject to regular client and third-party security reviews and failure to pass these reviews may have an adverse impact on the Company’s operations.

Many of the Company’s client contracts require that it maintain certain physical and/or information security standards, and, in certain cases, permit a client to audit the Company’s compliance with these contractual standards. Any failure to meet such standards or pass such audits can constitute a breach of contract which may result in damages or clients enforcing other remedies under the client contracts which may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business. Further, clients from time to time may require stricter physical and/or information security than they negotiated in their contracts, and may condition continued volumes and business on the satisfaction of such additional requirements. Some of these requirements may be expensive to implement or maintain, and may not be factored into the Company’s contract pricing. Further, on an annual basis the Company obtains third-party audits of certain of its locations in accordance with third party attestation standards, and many of its clients expect that the Company will engage in such procedures, and report to them the results. Negative findings in such an audit and/or the failure to adequately remediate in a timely fashion such negative findings may cause clients to terminate their contracts or otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reputation, results of operation and financial condition.

Currency fluctuations among the Euro, British Pound, Polish Zloty, Norwegian Krona, Danish Krona, Swedish Krona and any other local currencies of any locations where the Company operates in the future, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.

The functional currencies of the Company’s businesses are the local currencies in Europe including the Euro, British Pound, Polish Zloty, Norwegian Krona, Danish Krona, Swedish Krona, Swiss Franc and Serbian Dinar, as well as the Moroccan Dirham, U.S. Dollar and Indian Rupee. Changes in exchange rates between any of

these currencies (other than the U.S. Dollar) and the U.S. Dollar will affect the recorded levels of the Company’s assets, liabilities, net sales, cost of goods sold and operating margins and could result in exchange gains or losses. Exchange rates between these currencies in recent years have fluctuated significantly and may do so in the future. The Company’s operating results and profitability may be affected by any volatility in currency exchange rates and its ability to manage effectively currency transaction and translation risks. In addition, to the extent the U.S. Dollar strengthens against the functional currencies of the Company’s business (other than the U.S. Dollar), revenues and profits will be reduced when converted into and reported in U.S. Dollars.

The Company’s results of operations could be adversely affected by economic and political conditions, creating complex risks, many of which are beyond the Company’s control.

The Company’s business depends on the continued demand for its services, and if current global economic conditions worsen, its business could be adversely affected by its clients’ financial condition and level of business activity. Along with its clients, the Company is subject to global political, economic and market conditions, including inflation, interest rates, energy costs, the impact of natural disasters, disease, military action and the threat of terrorism. In particular, the Company currently derives, and is likely to continue to derive, almost all of its revenue from clients located in Europe. Any future decreases in the general level of economic activity in European markets, such as decreases in business and consumer spending and increases in unemployment rates as the Company experienced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in a decrease in demand for the Company’s services, thus reducing its revenue. For example, certain clients may decide to reduce or postpone their spending on the services the Company provides, and the Company may be forced to lower its prices. Other developments in response to economic events, such as consolidations, restructurings or reorganizations, particularly involving the Company’s clients, could also cause the demand for the Company’s services to decline, negatively affecting the amount of business that it is able to obtain or retain. The Company may not be able to predict the impact such conditions will have on the industries it serves and may be unable to plan effectively for or respond to such impact. In response to economic and market conditions, from time to time the Company has undertaken or may undertake initiatives to reduce its cost structure where appropriate, such as consolidation of resources to provide functional region-wide support to its international subsidiaries in a centralized fashion. These initiatives, as well as any future workforce and facilities reductions the Company may implement, may not be sufficient to meet current and future changes in economic and market conditions and allow us to continue to achieve the growth rates expected. Any future workforce and/or facility reductions that may be implemented will be subject to local employment laws which may impose expenses and logistical challenges in connection with any such workforce reductions. Costs actually incurred in connection with certain restructuring actions may also be higher than the Company’s estimates of such costs and/or may not lead to the anticipated cost savings.

In addition, any future disruptions or turbulence in the global capital markets may adversely affect the Company’s liquidity and financial condition, and the liquidity and financial condition of its clients. Such disruptions may limit the Company’s ability to access financing, increase the cost of financing needed to meet liquidity needs and affect the ability of its clients to use credit to purchase its services or to make timely payments to the Company, in each case adversely affecting its financial condition and results of operations.

If the Company is unable to attract, train and retain skilled professionals, including highly skilled technical personnel to satisfy client demand and senior management to lead its business, or its labor expenses increase or otherwise comprise a larger percentage of its revenue, its business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

The Company’s success is dependent, in large part, on its ability to keep its supply of skilled professionals, including project managers, IT engineers and senior technical personnel, in balance with client demand around the world, and on its ability to attract and retain senior management with the knowledge and skills to lead its business globally. Each year, the Company must hire several hundred new professionals and retrain, retain, and motivate its workforce across Europe and its nearshore jurisdictions. Competition for skilled labor is intense and, in some jurisdictions in which the Company operates, there are more jobs for certain professionals than qualified persons to fill these jobs. Costs associated with recruiting and training professionals can be significant. If the Company is unable to hire or deploy employees with the needed skillsets or if it is unable to adequately train or equip its employees with the skills or tools needed, this could materially adversely affect its business. Additionally, if the Company is unable to maintain an employee environment that is competitive and contemporary, it could have an

adverse effect on engagement and retention, which may materially adversely affect the Company’s business. If more stringent labor laws become applicable to the Company or if a significant number of its employees unionize, the profitability of the Company may be adversely affected.

Increased labor costs due to competition, increased minimum wage or employee benefits costs, unionization activity or other factors would adversely impact the Company’s cost of sales and operating expenses. For example, as minimum wage rates increase, the Company may need to increase not only the wages of its minimum wage employees but also the wages paid to employees at wage rates that are above minimum wage. As a result, the Company anticipates that its labor costs will continue to increase. In addition, the Company may face increased costs related to other employee benefits, such as in respect of unfunded UK pension liabilities, which amounted to approximately $23.0 million as of December 31, 2022. Such UK pension liabilities are subject to a fixed payment plan and, pursuant to an agreement with the pension plan’s trustee, are expected to be fully funded by the Company by February 2030 (although there can be no assurance that it will be fully funded by such date). Any such increase, or any increase in labor costs as a percentage of the Company’s revenue could adversely affect the Company’s financial results, as further described in the risk factor entitled “The Company’s ability to achieve continued and sustained profitability is uncertain.”

The Company is also subject to applicable rules and regulations relating to its relationship with its employees, including minimum wage and break requirements, health benefits, unemployment taxes, overtime, and working conditions and immigration status. Legislated increases in the minimum wage and increases in additional labor cost components, such as employee benefit costs, workers’ compensation insurance rates, compliance costs and fines, as well as the cost of litigation in connection with these regulations, would increase the Company’s labor costs. Further, the Company’s employees may form labor unions or workers’ councils, and the Company may become subject to new labor-related requirements that may impose additional requirements or costs on our business. As is the case with any negotiation, the Company may not be able to negotiate or renew acceptable collective bargaining agreements in such cases, which could result in strikes or work stoppages by affected workers. Renewal of collective bargaining agreements could also result in higher wages or benefits paid to union members. In addition, negotiations with labor unions and/or workers’ councils could hinder the pace of innovation by diverting management’s attention away from discovering and implementing the type of innovative strategies that we believe are crucial to the success of our business. A disruption in operations, higher ongoing labor costs or a hindrance to the pace of innovation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

While the Company is already subject to oversight by workers’ councils in France and Germany, if the Company becomes subject to oversight by any workers’ councils in additional jurisdictions, it may be required to consult with such workers’ councils with respect to certain decisions and to provide specific information and records upon request. Any failure to engage with or provide information to a workers’ council could result in actual or threatened legal challenges or proceedings. Additionally, consultation with and/or obtaining approvals from a workers’ councils may involve additional expense and unanticipated delays, particularly if the Company is required to make changes to accommodate feedback and recommendations from such workers’ councils. If consultations with a workers’ council does not yield a desired result, or if a workers’ council withholds or delays its approvals, the Company may be unable to execute key transactions in a timely fashion or at all, which may impede the ability of the Company to execute its growth strategy and/or have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to comply with data privacy and data protection laws in processing and transferring personal data across jurisdictions may subject the Company to fines, and the enactment of more stringent data privacy and data protection laws may increase its compliance costs.

Any inability by the Company to adequately address privacy and security concerns could result in expenses and liabilities, and an adverse impact on the Company. Moreover, international privacy and data security regulations may become more complex and have greater consequences. Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation, or the GDPR, governs the collection and use of personal data of data subjects in the European Economic Area and extraterritorially as well, and imposes several stringent requirements for controllers and processors of personal data, including, for example, higher standards for obtaining consent from individuals to process their personal data, more robust disclosures to individuals and a strengthened individual data rights regime, shortened timelines for data breach notifications, limitations on retention of information, increased requirements pertaining to health data, other special categories of personal data and pseudonymized (i.e., key-coded) data and additional obligations

when the Company contracts third-party processors in connection with the processing of the personal data. The GDPR provides that European Union member states may make their own further laws and regulations limiting the processing of personal data, including genetic, biometric or health data, which could limit the Company’s ability to use and share personal data or could cause its costs to increase, and harm its business and financial condition. Failure to comply with the requirements of the GDPR and the applicable national data protection laws of the European Union member states may result in fines of up to €20,000,000 or up to 4% of the total worldwide annual turnover of the preceding financial year, whichever is higher, and other administrative penalties.

In addition to the GDPR, the Company is also subject to data privacy and security laws in other jurisdictions in which it operates. Any future failure by the Company to comply with the GDPR or other applicable data privacy and security laws could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations or financial condition. Industry groups also impose self-regulatory standards that bind the Company by their incorporation into the contracts that the Company executed and failing to comply with such standards could have a binding impact on its business.

Changes in laws or regulations, or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect the Company’s business, investments and results of operations.

The Company is subject to laws, regulations and rules enacted by national, regional and local governments and will be subject to the listing requirements of Nasdaq. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws, regulations and rules may be difficult, time consuming and costly. Those laws, regulations and rules and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changes could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, investments and results of operations. In addition, a failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and rules, as interpreted and applied, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

The Company’s business is subject to governmental regulation and oversight. Any failure or perceived failure to comply with laws and/or regulations in one or more of the jurisdictions in which it operates, could subject it to legal actions and materially adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.

The Company’s business is subject to governmental regulation and oversight, as well as extensive, complex, overlapping and frequently changing rules, regulations and legal interpretations. Financial and political events have increased the level of regulatory scrutiny on the Company’s industry, and regulatory agencies may view matters or interpret laws and regulations differently than they have in the past and/or may increase their oversight over the Company’s business practices, in each case in a manner adverse to the Company’s business. The Company is subject to the general legal framework in the numerous jurisdictions which it operates. For example, in the European Union the comprehensive GDPR which went into effect in May 2018 introduced significant privacy-related changes for companies operating both in and outside the European Union and this has impacted the processing of personal information of the Company’s employees and the processing of personal information on behalf of the Company’s clients In addition, the Company provides support to clients in highly regulated sectors, including banking, healthcare, insurance and utilities, which in some cases will result in the clients placing contractual obligations on the Company to comply with certain rules and regulations applicable to those sectors in the performance of its services. Currently there are no sector specific licenses or authorizations required for the Company to provide such services If the Company’s business is or becomes subject to additional laws and/or regulations in one or more of the jurisdictions in which it operates, including as a result of changing laws or regulations, changing interpretations of previously enacted laws or regulations, or increased oversight, then a failure to comply with such laws and/or regulations could subject the Company to legal actions and/or otherwise adversely affect its ability to continue its operations as they are currently conducted or are expected to be conducted in the future. In particular, the Company is in the process of applying for a PSP license in the European Union to further expand its payment offerings and better compete in the open banking space and such license will result in oversight by the Central Bank of Ireland in respect of the licensed activities.

Failure to comply with the UK Bribery Act, economic and trade sanctions, regulations, and similar laws could subject the Company to penalties and other adverse consequences.

The Company operates internationally and is subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the UK Bribery Act and other laws that prohibit the making or offering of improper payments to foreign government officials and political figures, including accounting provisions enforced by the SEC. These laws prohibit improper payments

or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by the Company business entities for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The Company has implemented policies to identify and address potentially impermissible transactions under such laws and regulations; however, there can be no assurance that all of its and its subsidiaries’ employees, consultants, and agents, including those that may be based in or from countries where practices that violate laws may be customary, will not take actions in violation of the Company policies, for which it may be ultimately responsible. The Company is also subject to certain economic and trade sanctions programs that prohibit or restrict transactions to or from or dealings with specified countries, their governments, and in certain circumstances, their nationals, and with individuals and entities that are specially-designated nationals of those countries, narcotics traffickers, and terrorists or terrorist organizations. The Company subsidiaries may be subject to additional foreign or local sanctions requirements in other relevant jurisdictions.

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia, and the financial and economic sanctions and import and/or export controls imposed on Russia by the United Kingdom, the European Union, and others, has caused, and may continue to cause, significant economic and social disruption, and its impact on the Company’s business is uncertain.

In addition to adverse effects on the Company’s operations and on the wider global economy and market conditions, a continuation or escalation of the Russian invasion of Ukraine could result in significant increases in energy prices in Europe and other parts of the world. This has already resulted, and may continue to result, in clients and potential clients (both direct and indirect) of the Company diverting a larger proportion of their available cash towards paying their energy bills and delaying capital investments, particularly for purchases of software solutions such as the Company’s, which may be seen as “luxury” purchases under such conditions. Any of these impacts or increases in these conditions could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations of the Company and could cause the market value of its securities to decline.

COVID-19 caused a global health crisis that caused significant economic and social disruption, and a similar public health event could impact the Company’s business adversely.

The Company’s results of operations could in the future be materially adversely impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic or similar public heath events. The global spread of COVID-19 created significant volatility and uncertainty and economic disruption. The extent to which the coronavirus pandemic will, or a similar public health event could, continue to impact the Company’s business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that it may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken; the impact on economic activity; the effect on the Company’s clients and client demand for its services and solutions; the Company’s ability to sell and provide its services and solutions, including as a result of travel restrictions and people working from home; the ability of its clients to pay for its services and solutions; and any closures of its and its clients’ offices and facilities. The spread of the coronavirus caused the Company to modify its business practices (including employee travel, employee work locations, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences), and the Company may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that the Company determines are in the best interests of its employees, clients and business partners.

The Company may incur losses and liabilities resulting from an unfavorable outcome of pending or anticipated legal disputes.

As of the date of this prospectus, a group of 71 former employees has brought a claim against a subsidiary of the Company related to their dismissals resulting from the closure of two production sites in France in 2020. From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries may become involved in other legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes in the ordinary course of its business. Although we believe we have adequately reserved for potential liabilities related to pending litigation, there can be no assurances that we have done so. In addition, litigation or potential claims can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources, cause the Company to incur significant expenses or liability or require it to change its’ business practices. Because of the potential risks, expenses and uncertainties of litigation, the Company may, from time to time, settle disputes, even where it believes that it has meritorious claims or defenses. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, the Company cannot assure you that the results of any of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on its business.

The Company operates in a number of jurisdictions and, as a result, may incur additional expenses in order to comply with the laws of those jurisdictions.

The Company’s business operates throughout Europe, and therefore, is required to comply with the laws of multiple jurisdictions. These laws regulating the internet, payments, payments processing, privacy, taxation, terms of service, website accessibility, consumer protection, intellectual property ownership, services intermediaries, labor and employment, wages and hours, worker classification, background checks, and recruiting and staffing companies, among others, could be interpreted to apply to us, and could result in greater rights to competitors, users, and other third parties. Compliance with these laws and regulations may be costly, and at times, may require the Company to change its business practices or restrict its product offerings, and the imposition of any such laws or regulations on it, its clients, or third parties that the Company or its clients utilize to provide or use its services, may adversely impact its revenue and business. In addition, the Company may be subject to multiple overlapping legal or regulatory regimes that impose conflicting requirements and enhanced legal risks.

Cybersecurity issues, vulnerabilities, and criminal activity resulting in a data or security breach could result in risks to the Company’s systems, networks, products, solutions and services resulting in liability or reputational damage.

The Company collects and retains large volumes of internal and client data, including personally identifiable information and other sensitive data both physically and electronically, for business purposes, and its various information technology systems enter, process, summarize and report such data. The Company also maintains personally identifiable information about its employees. Safeguarding client, employee and the Company’s own data is a key priority for the Company, and its clients and employees have come to rely on it for the protection of their personal information. Augmented vulnerabilities, threats and more sophisticated and targeted cyber-related attacks pose a risk to the Company’s security and the security of its clients, partners, suppliers and third-party service providers, and to the confidentiality, availability and integrity of data owned by the Company or its clients. Despite the Company’s efforts to protect sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, it may be vulnerable to material security breaches, theft, misplaced or lost data, programming errors, employee errors and/or malfeasance that could potentially lead to the compromise of sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, improper use of its systems, software solutions or networks, unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification or destruction of information, defective products, production downtimes and operational disruptions. Despite protective measures, the Company may not be successful in preventing security breaches which compromise the confidentiality and integrity of this data. While the Company attempts to mitigate these risks by employing a number of measures, including employee training, monitoring and testing, and maintenance of protective systems and contingency plans, the Company remains vulnerable to such threats.

The sensitive, confidential or personal data or information that the Company has access to is also subject to privacy and security laws, regulations or client imposed controls. The regulatory environment, as well as the requirements imposed on the Company by the industries it serves governing information, security and privacy laws is increasingly demanding. Maintaining compliance with applicable security and privacy regulations may increase the Company’s operating costs and/or adversely impact its ability to provide services to its clients. Furthermore, a compromised data system or the intentional, inadvertent or negligent release or disclosure of data could result in theft, loss, fraudulent or unlawful use of client, employee or the Company data which could harm the Company’s reputation or result in remedial and other costs, fines or lawsuits. In addition, a cyber-related attack could result in other negative consequences, including damage to the Company’s reputation or competitiveness, remediation or increased protection costs, litigation or regulatory action. Fraud, employee negligence, and unauthorized access, including, malfunctions, viruses and other events beyond the control of the Company, may lead to the misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential information the Company processes, stores and transmits, including personal information, for its clients. Such failure to prevent or mitigate data loss or other security breaches, including breaches of its vendors’ technology and systems, could expose the Company or its clients to a risk of loss or misuse of such information, adversely affect its operating results, result in litigation or potential liability for it and otherwise harm its business. As a result, among other things, the Company may be subject to monetary damages, regulatory enforcement actions or fines under the GDPR in the European Union or the United Kingdom. In addition to any legal liability, data or security breaches may lead to negative publicity, reputational damage and otherwise adversely affect the results of operations of the Company.

Risks Related to the Business Combination

The Company incurred significant transaction costs in connection with the Business Combination.

The Company incurred significant, non-recurring costs in connection with consummating the Business Combination. The Company may also incur additional costs to retain key employees. The Company’s financial position may require the Company to seek additional financing (which will be subject to the risks described in the risk factor above entitled “The Company may need to raise debt or equity financing, which it may be unable to do on favorable terms or at all”).

The focus and resources of the Company’s management may be diverted from operational matters and other strategic opportunities.

Completion of the Business Combination placed a significant burden on management and other internal resources of the Company. The diversion of management’s attention and any difficulties encountered in the period following the closing of the Business Combination could harm the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and those of the Company. In addition, uncertainty about the effect of the Business Combination on the Company’s employees, consultants, clients, suppliers, partners, and other third-parties, including regulators, may have an adverse effect on the Company. These uncertainties may impair the Company’s ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel.

The historical financial results of XBP Europe and unaudited pro forma financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus may not be indicative of what XBP Europe’s actual financial position or results of operations would have been if it were a public company.

The Company’s historical financial results included in this prospectus do not reflect the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows it would have achieved as a standalone public company during the periods presented or those that the Company will achieve in the future. The Company’s financial condition and future results of operations could be materially different from amounts reflected its historical financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, so it may be difficult for investors to compare the Company’s future results to historical results or to evaluate its relative performance or trends in its business.

As a result of the Business Combination, the Company became a public company with significant operations, and as such (and particularly after it is no longer an “emerging growth company” or “smaller reporting company”), will face increased legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses as a public company that it did not previously incur. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the requirements of Section 404, as well as rules and regulations implemented by the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the securities exchanges, impose additional reporting and other obligations on public companies. Compliance with public company requirements will increase costs and make certain activities more time-consuming. A number of those requirements require the Company to carry out activities that XBP Europe has not done previously. In addition, expenses associated with SEC reporting requirements will be incurred. If any issues in complying with those requirements are identified (for example, if the auditors identify a significant deficiency or material weakness in the internal control over financial reporting), the Company could incur additional costs to rectify those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect its reputation or investor perceptions. In addition, the Company has purchased director and officer liability insurance, which has substantial additional premiums. Advocacy efforts by stockholders and third parties may also prompt additional changes in governance and reporting requirements, which could further increase costs. The additional reporting and other obligations associated with being a public company will increase legal and financial compliance costs and the costs of related legal, accounting and administrative activities. See also “Risks Related to the Business Combination — The Company is an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act and it has taken advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to EGCs; this could make the Company’s securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare the Company’s performance with other public companies.”

Exela has previously identified material weaknesses in its internal controls over financial reporting and the Company’s financial statements were prepared in reliance on information provided by, and personnel of, Exela. For more, see the risk factor entitled “If the Company is unable to maintain an effective system of internal controls over

financial reporting, it may not be able to accurately report its financial results in a timely manner or there may be misstatements in its financial statements (which may include material misstatements), any of which may adversely affect investor confidence and materially and adversely affect business and operating results.”

The unaudited pro forma financial information in this prospectus is presented for illustrative purposes only and has been prepared based on a number of assumptions including, but not limited to, the Company being treated as the “acquiror” for financial reporting purposes in the Business Combination, the total debt obligations and the cash and cash equivalents of the Company on the date the Business Combination closes and the number of CF VIII Public Shares that are redeemed in connection with the Business Combination.

Accordingly, such pro forma financial information may not be indicative of the Company’s future operating or financial performance and the Company’s actual financial condition and results of operations may vary materially from the pro forma results of operations and balance sheet contained elsewhere in this prospectus, including as a result of such assumptions not being accurate. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”

The Company has a limited public float, which adversely affects trading volume and liquidity, and may adversely affect the price of the Common Stock and access to additional capital.

As of January 25, 2024, Exela and Sponsor own approximately 72.3% and 23.1%22.9% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, respectively. Of these shares, (i) the 5,494,600 Founder Shares and 250,000 Promote Forward Purchase Shares owned by Sponsor, and (ii) the 21,802,364 shares owned by BTC InternationalareInternational are subject to restrictions on resale until the earlier of (1) November 29, 2024 and (2) the date on which the Company consummates a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization, or other similar transaction which results in all of the Company’s stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Common Stock for cash, securities or other property, unless such restrictions are earlier waived. The aggregate number of shares of our Common Stock owned by the Sponsor and BTC International represent approximately 94.3% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock.

Due to the limited post-Closing public float, the trading price of Common Stock may fluctuate widely due to various factors, including the volume of purchase or sales of Common Stock relative to the public float. Additionally,The number of shares of Common Stock that the Selling Securityholders may offer for resale pursuant to this prospectus represents approximately 90.9% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, assuming the exercise of the Private Warrants for cash, and approximately 1,576.5% of our publicly owned shares. The Sponsor also owns an additional 1,035,913share of Common Stock that are registered for resale pursuant to Prior Registration Statement. Combining these additional shares with the shares that may be offered for resale by the Selling Securityholders pursuant to this prospectus, the total number of shares that the Selling Securityholders may offer for resale is approximately 94.3% of our outstanding shares of Common Stock, and 1,635.3% of our publicly owned shares. The sale of shares of Common Stock by the Selling Securityholders, or the perception that such sales may occur, may have a significant negative impact on the public trading price of Common Stock. See the risk factor “The number of shares of Common Stock that the Selling Securityholders can sell into the public markets pursuant to this prospectus greatly exceeds the Company’s public float. As a result, the resale of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to this prospectus could cause a significant decline on the trading price of the Common Stock, even though not all of the securities covered by this prospectus held by the Selling Securityholders are eligible for immediate resale due to certain lock-up agreements”. Further, the limited public float could adversely affect the Company’s ability to raise capital through a sale of shares of our Common Stock, and may make it difficult for you to sell your Common Stock at a price that is attractive to you.

The Company is an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act and it has taken advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies; this could make the Company’s securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare the Company’s performance with other public companies.

The Company is an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act and intends to elect to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor internal controls attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. As a result, holders of Common Stock may not have access to certain information they may deem important. There can be no assurances whether investors will find the Company’s securities less attractive because of such exemptions. If some investors find the securities less attractive as a result of reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of the Company’s securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for the Company’s securities and the trading prices of the securities may be more volatile.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of its financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Pursuant to the JOBS Act, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for so long as it is an “emerging growth company”.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting, and generally requires in the same report a report by a public company’s independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting. The Company will continue to be required to provide management’s attestation on internal controls effective with respect to the year ended December 31, 2023, in accordance with applicable SEC guidance.

However, under the JOBS Act, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act until it is no longer an “emerging growth company.” The Company could be an “emerging growth company” until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following March 16, 2026, the fifth anniversary of the IPO, (b) in which the Company has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, (c) the Company’s non-convertible debt issued within a three year period exceeds $1 billion, or (d) if the market value of the Company’s shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million on the last day of its second fiscal quarter.

The provision of the Company’s Charter that authorizes the Board to issue preferred stock from time to time based on terms approved by the Board may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that public stockholders might consider in their best interest.

The provision of the Company’s Charter that authorizes the Board to issue preferred stock from time to time based on terms approved by the Board may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that you might consider in your best interest. Authorized but unissued preferred stock may enable the Board to render it more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Company and thereby protect continuity of or entrench its management, which may negatively impact the market price of the Common Stock. If, in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, for example, the Board was to determine that a takeover proposal was not in the best interests of the Company, such preferred stock could be issued by the Board without stockholder approval in one or more private placements or other transactions that might prevent or render more difficult or make more costly the completion of any attempted takeover transaction by diluting voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or an insurgent stockholder group, by creating a substantial voting bloc in institutional or other hands that might support the position of the incumbent board of directors, by effecting an acquisition that might complicate or preclude the takeover, or otherwise.

The Company’s Charter contains forum limitations for certain disputes between the Company and its stockholders that could limit the ability of stockholders to bring claims against the Company or its directors, officers and employees in jurisdictions preferred by stockholders.

The Company’s Charter provides that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative lawsuit brought on the Company’s behalf, (ii) any lawsuit against the Company’s current or former directors, officers, employees or stockholders asserting a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any such person to the Company or its stockholders, (iii) any lawsuit asserting a claim arising under any provision of the DGCL, the Company’s Charter

or Bylaws (each, as in effect from time to time), or (iv) any lawsuit governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the State of Delaware. The foregoing forum provisions do not apply to claims arising under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal securities laws for which there is exclusive federal or concurrent federal and state jurisdiction. The Company’s Charter also provides that, unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America are the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. The foregoing forum provisions may prevent or limit a stockholder’s ability to file a lawsuit in a judicial forum that it prefers for disputes with the Company or its directors, officers, employees or stockholders, which may discourage such lawsuits, make them more difficult or expensive to pursue, and result in outcomes that are less favorable to such stockholders than outcomes that may have been attainable in other jurisdictions, although stockholders will not be deemed to have waived the Company’s compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such a forum selection provision as written in connection with claims arising under the Securities Act because Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act claims.

In addition, notwithstanding the inclusion of the foregoing forum provisions in the Company’s Charter, courts may find the foregoing forum provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable in certain cases that the foregoing forum provisions purport to address, including claims brought under the Securities Act. If this were to occur in any particular lawsuit, the Company may incur additional costs associated with resolving such lawsuit in other jurisdictions or resolving lawsuits involving similar claims in multiple jurisdictions, all of which could harm the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.

The Company does not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.

The Company does not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of its Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors may need to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.

There is no guarantee that the Warrants will ever be in the money, and they may expire worthless.

The exercise price for the Warrants is $11.50 per share of Common Stock. The closing price per share of our Common Stock was $2.26 per share on JanuaryFebruary 31, 2024.7, 2024 as reported by Nasdaq was $2.75 per share. There is no guarantee that the Warrants will ever be in the money prior to their expiration, and as such, the Warrants may expire worthless.

The Company may redeem unexpired Warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making your Warrants worthless.

The Company may redeem the Warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to the holder, thereby significantly impairing the value of the Warrants. The Company will have the ability to redeem outstanding Warrants (other than with respect to the Private Warrants as described herein) at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the closing price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30 trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which a notice of redemption is sent to the holders of the Warrants. If and when the Warrants become redeemable by the Company, if the Company has elected to require the exercise of Warrants on a cashless basis, the Company may not redeem the Warrants as described above if the issuance of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state securities laws or the Company is unable to effect such registration or qualification. Redemption of the outstanding Warrants could force you (i) to exercise your Warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) to sell your Warrants at the then current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your Warrants, or (iii) to accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding Warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your Warrants. None of the Private Warrants will be redeemable by us for cash so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees.

Risks Related to Being a Public Company

The Company is a controlled company, and thus not subject to all of the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq. You will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.

The Company is considered a “controlled company” under the rules of Nasdaq. Controlled companies are exempt from the Nasdaq corporate governance rules requiring that listed companies have (i) a majority of the board of directors consist of “independent” directors under the listing standards of Nasdaq, (ii) a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors and a written nominating/corporate governance committee charter meeting the Nasdaq requirements and (iii) a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and a written compensation committee charter meeting the requirements of Nasdaq. It is expected that the Company will take advantage of some or all of the exemptions described above for so long as it is a controlled company. If the Company uses some or all of these exemptions, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.

So long as Exela controls the Company, other holders of the Company’s Common Stock will have limited ability to influence matters requiring stockholder approval, and Exela’s interests may conflict with (or may be adverse to) the interests of the other holders of Common Stock. Exela, along with its directors and management team, may make decisions that adversely impact the Company’s other stockholders.

As of JanuaryFebruary 26,7, 2024, Exela beneficially owns approximately 72.3% of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock. So long as this ownership and control continues, Exela, along with its directors and management team, including its Executive Chairman, Par Chadha, generally will have the ability to control the outcome of any matter submitted for the vote of Company’s stockholders, including the election and removal of directors, changes to the size of the Board, any amendment to the Company’s Charter and Bylaws, and the approval of any merger or other significant corporate transaction, including a sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets (other than in certain circumstances set forth in the Company’s Charter or Bylaws).

The interests of Exela may not coincide with (or may be adverse to) the interests of the other Company stockholders. Exela’s ability, subject to the limitations in the Company’s Charter and Bylaws, to control all matters submitted to the Company’s stockholders for approval will limit the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters and, as a result, the Company may take actions that its stockholders do not view as beneficial and/or that adversely affect the Company’s stockholders other than Exela. Exela may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to the Company’s business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to the Company. As a result of the foregoing, the market price of Common Stock could be adversely affected. In addition, the existence of a controlling stockholder of the Company may have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or discouraging a third party from seeking to acquire, the Company. A third party would be required to negotiate any such transaction with Exela, and the interests of Exela with respect to such transaction may be different from the interests of Company’s stockholders other than Exela.

Considering the Company’s relationship with Exela and Par Chadha, stockholders are encouraged to review Exela’s public filings relating to the relationships between such parties and their respective affiliates.

The Company will incur significant increased expenses and administrative burdens as a public company, which could have an adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company will face a significant increase in insurance, legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses as a public company that the Company does not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the requirements of Section 404, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC, the Dodd-Frank Act and the rules and regulations promulgated and to be promulgated thereunder, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the SEC and the securities exchanges, impose additional reporting and other obligations on public companies. Compliance with public company requirements will increase costs and make certain activities more time-consuming. A number of those requirements will require the Company to carry out activities the Company has not been directly required to do (although Exela, as its parent and a public company, has been required to do). For example, the Company will create new board committees and adopt new internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, additional expenses associated with SEC reporting requirements

USE OF PROCEEDS

All of the securities offered by the Selling Securityholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Securityholders for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales.

We would receive up to an aggregate of approximately $76.3 million from the exercise of the Warrants, assuming the exercise in full of all of the Warrants for cash. With respect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants, we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of such shares.

The current exercise price of the Warrants is $11.50 per share of Common Stock. The closing market price of our Common Stock as of JanuaryFebruary 31,7, 2024 as reported by Nasdaq was $2.26$2.75 per share. If the market price of our Common Stock is less than the exercise price of a holder’s warrants, it is unlikely that holders will exercise their warrants. There can be no assurance that the Warrants will be in the money prior to their expiration. As the exercise prices of the Warrants are greater than the current market price of our Common Stock, such Warrants are unlikely to be exercised at this time and therefore the Company does not expect to receive any proceeds from such exercise of the Warrants in the near term.

In the event that we should receive proceeds upon the exercise of the Warrants, we expect to use such funds for general corporate purposes. We will have broad discretion over the use of any proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants. There is no assurance that the holders of the Warrants will elect to exercise for cash any or all of such Warrants. To the extent that any Warrants are exercised on a “cashless basis,” the amount of cash we would receive from the exercise of the Warrants will decrease.

The Selling Securityholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by them for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred in disposing of the securities. We will bear the costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the securities covered by this prospectus, including all registration and filing fees, Nasdaq listing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our independent registered public accounting firm.

DETERMINATION OF OFFERING PRICE

The offering price of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants offered hereby is determined by reference to the exercise price of the Warrants of $11.50 per share. The Public Warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “XBPEW.”

We cannot currently determine the price or prices at which shares of our Common Stock or Warrants may be sold by the Selling Securityholders under this prospectus.

MARKET INFORMATION FOR SECURITIES AND DIVIDEND POLICY

Market Information

Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “XBP”, and our Public Warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “XBPEW”. Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, CF VIII Class A Common Stock was listed on Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CFFE” and the Public Warrants were listed on Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CFFEW”. As of JanuaryFebruary 26,7, 2024, there were 30,166,102 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding held of record by 260256 holders (excluding DTC participants or beneficial owners holding shares through nominee names) and 6,634,980 Warrants held of record by 2 holders.

Dividends

The payment of future dividends on the shares of the Common Stock is subject to the rights of the holders of the Company’s preferred stock (if any) and will depend on the revenues and earnings (if any), capital requirements and financial condition of the Company subject to the discretion of the Board. The Board is not currently contemplating and does not anticipate declaring any stock dividends in the foreseeable future. The ability of the Company to declare dividends may be limited by the terms of any financing and other agreements entered into by the Company or its subsidiaries from time to time.

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Defined terms included below have the same meaning as terms defined and included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Introduction

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023 present the historical financial statements of XBP Europe and CF VIII, adjusted to reflect the Business Combination and its related transactions. The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X as amended by the final rule, Release No. 33-10786 “Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses”.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 combines the historical balance sheet of XBP Europe and the historical balance sheet of CF VIII, on a pro forma basis as if the Business Combination, summarized below, had been consummated on September 30, 2023. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 combine the historical statements of operations of XBP Europe, including autonomous entity adjustments which are presented separately, and the historical statements of operations of CF VIII for such periods, on a pro forma basis as if the Business Combination and related transactions, summarized below, had been consummated on January 1, 2022.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been developed from and should be read in conjunction with:

•        the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements;

•        the historical audited combined financial statements of XBP Europe as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the related notes and the historical unaudited combined financial statements of XBP Europe as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus; the historical audited consolidated financial statements of CF VIII as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the related notes and the historical unaudited combined financial statements of CF VIII as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus;

•        the discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of XBP Europe in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”; and

•        other information relating to XBP Europe and CF VIII contained in this prospectus, including the Merger Agreement and the description of certain terms thereof set forth in the section entitled “The Business Combination.”

Description of the Business Combination and Related Transaction

On October 9, 2022, CF VIII, Merger Sub, BTC International and XBP Europe entered into the Merger Agreement. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on November 29, 2023, Merger Sub merged with and into XBP Europe, with XBP Europe surviving as a direct wholly owned subsidiary of CF VIII. As a result of the Merger, (i) each share of capital stock of Merger Sub was automatically converted into an equal number of shares of common stock of XBP Europe, (ii) each share of stock of XBP Europe was cancelled and exchanged for the right to receive a number of shares of CF VIII Class A Common Stock equal to (a) the quotient of (1) (A) the sum of $220,000,000 minus (B) the Company Closing Indebtedness (as defined in the Merger Agreement) divided by (2) $10.00 plus (b) 1,330,650, and (iii) CF VIII amended its charter to, among other matters, change its name to XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. The Sponsor agreed that the 5,494,600 Founder Shares and the 250,000 Promote Forward Purchase Shares (including the 178,609 registered for resale on the Prior Registration Statement) will not be sold or transferred until the earlier of the one-year anniversary of the initial business combination and the date on which the Company completes certain material transactions that result in all of the Company’s stockholders having the right

to exchange their shares of Common Stock for cash, securities or other property. Additionally, in accordance with the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, related party receivable in the amount of $12,148,777 were eliminated at Closing, along with the elimination of related party notes payable in the amount of $11,163,944 and a reduction of related party payables in the amount of $15,796,897, with a corresponding impact to additional paid-in capital. Also, in accordance with the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, related party payables were further reduced by $4,182,900 in consideration for the issuance of Common Stock to BTC International with a corresponding increase to Common Stock of $418 and additional paid-in capital in the amount of $4,182,482.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information contained herein reflects consummation of the Business Combination and the fact that 36,658 CF VIII Public Shares remained outstanding upon consummation of the Business Combination (after taking into account the redemption of 669,661 CF VIII Public Shares in connection with the Closing).

CF VIII will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes, as further discussed in Note 1 of the Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Information.

The following summarizes the actual number of shares of Common Stock outstanding following the consummation of the Business Combination.

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(1)      Exela Technologies, Inc.’s (“Exela”) wholly owned subsidiary, BTC International, is the record holder of the shares. BTC International is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of XCV-EMEA, LLC. ETI-XCV, LLC is the sole member of XCV-EMEA, LLC. ETI-XCV Holdings, LLC is the sole member of ETI-XCV, LLC. Exela Technologies, Inc. is the sole member of ETI-XCV Holdings, LLC, and, therefore, is deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares of Common Stock held directly by BTC International. The business address of Exela is 2701 E. Grauwyler Rd., Irving, TX.

(2)      The Sponsor is the record holder of the shares. Cantor is the sole member of the Sponsor. CFGM is the managing general partner of Cantor. Mr. Lutnick is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of CFGM, and is the trustee of CFGM’s sole stockholder. As such, each of Cantor, CFGM and Mr. Lutnick may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares of Common Stock held directly by the Sponsor. Each such entity or person disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest they may have therein, directly or indirectly. Includes an aggregate of 385,000 shares of Common Stock underlying 135,000 Placement Warrants and 250,000 Forward Purchase Warrants. The business address of the Sponsor is 110 East 59th Street, New York, NY 10022.

(3)      Less than 1%.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is for illustrative and informational purposes only and is not intended to represent or be indicative of what XBP Europe’s financial condition or results of operations would have been had XBP Europe operated historically as a company independent of Exela, or if the Business Combination and related transactions had occurred on the dates indicated. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information also should not be considered representative of XBP Europe’s future combined financial condition or combined results of operations.

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(in thousands except share and per share data)

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET — (Continued)
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(in thousands except share and per share data)

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED DETAILED
ADJUSTED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
(in thousands except share and per share data)