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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 13, 2018April 4, 2019

Registration No. 333-


UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON,

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

enph.jpg
ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

20-4645388

Delaware��20-4645388
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

No.)
47281 Bayside Pkwy
Fremont, CA 94538
(707) 774-7000
(Address of principal executive offices,
including zip code)

47281 Bayside Parkway

Fremont, CA 94538

(707) 774-7000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman

Chief Executive Officer

c/o Enphase Energy, Inc.

47281 Bayside Parkway

Fremont, CA 94538

(707) 774-7000

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Michael Penney

Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer


John H. Sellers
Marina Remennik
Cooley LLP

250 W. 55th

3175 Hanover Street

New York, NY 10019

(212) 836-8000

Palo Alto, CA 94304
(650) 843-5000

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective.


If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: o


If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: x


If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: o


If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o


If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

o

Accelerated filer

o

Non-accelerated filer

o

Smaller reporting company

x

Emerging Growth Company

o


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. o

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Title of Each Class of
Securities to be Registered

 

Amount
to be
Registered

 

Proposed
Maximum
Offering
Price
Per Share

 

Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering
Price

 

Amount of
Registration
Fee

 

$5,000,000 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023

 

$

5,000,000

(1)

100

%(2)

$

5,000,000

 

$

606.00

 

Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share

 

990,099

(3)

 

 

 

 

(4)

Title of Securities to be Registered
Amount to be Registered(1)
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share(2)
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(2)
Amount of Registration Fee(2)
Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share(3)(4)(4)
Preferred Stock, par value $0.00001 per share(3)(4)(4)
Debt Securities(3)(4)(4)
Warrants(3)(4)(4)
Total Offering$100,000,000
$100,000,000$12,120.00

(1)

Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.

(1)Represents the aggregate principal amount of the 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 issued by the Registrant to the selling securityholder.

(2)Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act and exclusive of accrued interest and distributions, if any.

(3)Represents the maximum number of shares of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, issuable upon conversion of the 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 at a maximum conversion rate of 198.0198 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 that are registered hereby. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the shares of common stock being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares of common stock being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar events.

(4)Pursuant to Rule 457(i) under the Securities Act, no additional filing fee is payable with respect to the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 because no additional consideration will be received in connection with the exercise of the conversion privilege.

(2)The proposed maximum offering price per unit and proposed maximum aggregate offering price has been calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act.
(3)There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities to be sold by the Registrant which together shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $100,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with the other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred stock or debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the anti‑dilution provisions of any such securities.
(4)The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the Registrant in connection with the issuance by the Registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.



The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.





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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The selling securityholderThese securities may not sell these securitiesbe sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission becomesis effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities andnor does it is not soliciting offersseek an offer to buy these securities in any statejurisdiction where suchthe offer or sale is not permitted.


SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER 13, 2018

APRIL 3, 2019


PROSPECTUS

enph.jpg
$5,000,000

4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023

and 100,000,000

Common Stock issuable
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants

From time to time, we may offer and sell up to an aggregate of $100,000,000 of any combination of the securities described in this prospectus, either individually or in combination. We may also offer common stock or preferred stock upon conversion of the notes

An affiliate of ours who is a director and a stockholder, Thurman John Rodgers, purchased through a trust controlled by him (the “Selling Securityholder”) $5.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Affiliate Notes”). The Affiliate Notes were sold in a private placement that was completed in August 2018 currently with the sale and issuance of $60,000,000 aggregate principal amount of our 4.00% Convertible Senior notes due 2023, which were offered and sold to qualified institutional buyers as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act (the “Primary Offering”). The Affiliate Notes constitute part of the same series as the notes issued and sold in the Primary Offering (the “Primary Offering Notes” and collectively with the Affiliate Notes, the “Notes”).

This prospectus will be used by the Selling Securityholder to resell the Affiliate Notes and any shares of ourdebt securities, common stock issuable upon conversion of preferred stock, or common stock, preferred stock or debt securities upon the Affiliate Notes. exercise of warrants.


We will not receiveprovide the specific terms of these offerings and securities in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference, before buying any of the proceeds from the sale of the Affiliate Notes or such shares of our common stock by the Selling Securityholder.

Holders may convert the Affiliate Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date of the Affiliate Notes. Upon conversion of an Affiliate Note, we will deliver for each $1,000 principal amount of converted Affiliate Notes a number of shares of our common stock equal to the conversion rate (along with cash in lieu of any fractional share) as described in this prospectus. The conversion rate will initially be 180.0180 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Affiliate Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.56 per share of common stock). The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest.

The Affiliate Notes will bear interest at a rate of 4.00% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2019. The Affiliate Notes will mature on August 1, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased. We may not redeem the Affiliate Notes prior to their maturity date, and no sinking fund is provided for the Affiliate Notes.

The Affiliate Notes will be our general unsecured obligations and will: rank senior to any of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes; rank equal in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is not so subordinated; be effectively junior in right of payment to any of our secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness (including the Term Loan outstanding under our Loan Agreement, each as defined in this prospectus); and be structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of our subsidiaries.

The Selling Securityholder identified in this prospectus, or its permitted transferees or other successors-in-interest that may be identified in a supplement to this prospectus or, if required, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, may offer the shares from time to time through public or private transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at privately negotiated prices.

We provide more information about how the Selling Securityholder may sell the Affiliate Notes and shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Affiliate Notes in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 32 of this prospectus.

securities being offered.


Our common stock is listed on theThe Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol “ENPH.” On December 11, 2018,April 3, 2019, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $9.69 per share. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to other listings, if any, on theThe Nasdaq Global Market was $5.70.

or other securities exchange of the securities covered by the prospectus supplement.


Investing in our common stocksecurities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties included hereindescribed under the heading “Risk Factors”Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, and under similar headings in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

The securities may be sold directly by us to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers, on page 4a continuous or delayed basis. The supplements to this prospectus will provide the specific terms of the plan of distribution. If any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus.

prospectus is being delivered, the names of such agents or underwriters and any applicable fees, commissions, discounts and over-allotment options will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds that we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.


Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Th

Thee date of this prospectus is December  , 2018.2019





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TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page

Page

1

2

3

RISK FACTORS

4

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

7

8

9

10

31

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

32

34

34

34

35

i






Table of Contents

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS


This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, (the “SEC”) using theor SEC, utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the Selling Securityholderwe may from time to time,offer and sell, either individually or in combination, in one or more offerings sell the Affiliate Notes and our common stock issuable upon conversionin any combination of the Affiliate Notes, assecurities described in this prospectus, up to a total dollar amount of $100,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer.

Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain more specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

We urge you to read carefully this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference,” before buying any of the securities being offered.


This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

You should rely only on the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus (as supplemented and amended).any applicable prospectus supplement, along with the information contained in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. This document mayprospectus is an offer to sell only be usedthe securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is legallawful to sell these securities. do so.

The information containedappearing in this prospectus, (and in any applicable prospectus supplement or amendment to this prospectus)any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front of the document and any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of the Affiliate Notes or our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Affiliate Notes.a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

We urge you


This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to read carefully this prospectus (as supplemented and amended), together with the informationactual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated herein by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” before deciding whether to invest in any of the Affiliate Notes or our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Affiliate Notes being offered.

section titled “Where You Can Find More Information.”


This prospectus contains and incorporates by reference market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other data that have been obtained from,publicly available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or compiled from,completeness of this information made available by third parties. Weand we have not independently verified their data. this information. Although we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the market and industry data presented in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference, these estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.

This prospectus and the information incorporated herein by reference include trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us or other companies. All trademarks, service marks and trade names included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus are the property of their respective owners.

As used in this prospectus, references to “Enphase,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Enphase Energy, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise specified in this prospectus.



ii



PROSPECTUS SUMMARY


This summary highlights selected information appearingcontained elsewhere in this prospectus or incorporated by reference intoin this prospectus, and maydoes not contain all of the information that is importantyou need to you.consider in making your investment decision. You should carefully read thisthe entire prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering carefully, including the risks and uncertainties included hereinof investing in our securities discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should also carefully read the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including our financial statements, and the exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this prospectus to “Enphase,” “we,” “us” and incorporated by reference from our most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q, before making an investment decision.

Company Overview

We deliver simple, innovative“our” refer to Enphase Energy, Inc. and, reliablewhere appropriate, its subsidiaries.


Enphase Energy, Inc.

We are a global energy managementtechnology company, delivering smart, easy-to-use solutions that advanceconnect solar generation, storage and communications management on one intelligent platform. We revolutionized solar with our microinverter technology and produce the worldwide potential of renewable energy. Our semiconductor-based microinverter system converts direct current (DC) electricity to alternating current (AC) electricity at the individual solar module level and brings a system-based, high technology approach to solar energy generation leveraging our design expertise across power electronics, semiconductors, networking, and cloud-based software technologies. Since inception through December 1, 2018, weworld’s only truly integrated solar-plus-storage solution. We have shipped over 18more than 19 million microinverters, representing over four4 gigawatts of solar photovoltaic (PV)(“PV”) generating capacity, and more than 820,000855,000 Enphase residential and commercial systems have been deployed in over 120125 countries.

Corporate


Risks Associated with our Business

Our business is subject to numerous risks, as described under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, and under similar headings in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Company Information


We were incorporated as PVI Solutions, Inc. in March 2006 in the State of Delaware and changed our name to Enphase Energy, Inc. in July 2007. Our principal corporate offices are located at 47281 Bayside Parkway, Fremont, CA, 94538, and our telephone number is (707) 774-7000. Our website is located at www.enphase.com. Information found on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus, and you should not consider it part of this prospectus.prospectus or part of any prospectus supplement. Our website address is included in this document as an inactive textual reference only.

Risk Factors

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk.  See “Risk Factors” on page 4 below.

THE OFFERING


The summary below describes the principal terms of the Affiliate Notes. Certain of the terms and conditions described below are subject to important limitations and exceptions. The “Description of Notes” section of this prospectus contains a more detailed description of the terms and conditions of the Affiliate Notes. When the Selling Securityholder offers and sells any securities pursuant to a prospectus supplement, weSecurities We May Offer

We may include additional information relevant to the terms of the offering in the prospectus supplement.

Issuer:

Enphase Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

Securities:

$5,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 and 990,099 shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of such Affiliate Notes.

Maturity:

August 1, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased.

Interest:

4.00% per year. Interest will accrue from August 17, 2018 and will be payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2019.

Conversion Rights:

Holders may convert all or any portion of the Affiliate Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date.

The conversion rate for the Affiliate Notes is initially 180.0180 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Affiliate Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.56 per share of common stock), subject to adjustment as described in this prospectus.

Upon conversion, we will deliver for each $1,000 principal amount of Affiliate Notes converted a number of shares of our common stock equal to the conversion rate (together with a cash payment in lieu of delivering any fractional share) on the second business day following the relevant conversion date.

Holders will not receive any additional cash payment or additional shares representing accrued and unpaid interest, if any, upon conversion of any Affiliate Notes, except in limited circumstances. Instead, interest will be deemed to be paid by the delivery of the shares of our common stock, together with a cash payment for any fractional share, upon conversion of any Affiliate Notes.

No Redemption:

We may not redeem the Affiliate Notes prior to the maturity date and no “sinking fund” is provided for the Affiliate Notes, which means that we are not required to redeem or retire the Notes periodically.

Ranking:

The Affiliate Notes and the Primary Offering Notes will be our general unsecured obligations and will: rank senior to our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes; rank equal in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is not so subordinated; be effectively junior in right of payment to any of our secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness (including the Term Loan outstanding under our Loan Agreement); and be structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of our subsidiaries.

Nasdaq Global Market Symbol for our Common Stock:

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “ENPH.”

Trustee, Paying Agent and Conversion Agent:

U.S. Bank National Association

RISK FACTORS

An investment in the Affiliate Notes andoffer shares of our common stock issuableand preferred stock, various series of debt securities and/or warrants to purchase any of such securities, either individually or in combination, up to a total dollar amount of $100,000,000, from time to time under this prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of any offering. We may also offer common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities upon the exercise of warrants. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:


designation or classification;
aggregate principal amount or aggregate offering price;
maturity date, if applicable;
original issue discount, if any;
rates and times of payment of interest or dividends, if any;
redemption, conversion, exercise, exchange or sinking fund terms, if any;
conversion or exchange prices or rates, if any, and, if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the conversion or exchange prices or rates and in the securities or other property receivable upon conversion or exchange;


ranking;
restrictive covenants, if any;
voting or other rights, if any;
conversion or exchange prices or rates, if any, and, if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the conversion or exchange prices or rates and in the securities or other property receivable upon conversion or exchange; and
material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations, if any.

The applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change any of the Affiliate Notesinformation contained in this prospectus or in the documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

We may sell the securities directly to investors or to or through agents, underwriters or dealers. We, and our agents or underwriters, reserve the right to accept or reject all or part of any proposed purchase of securities. If we do offer securities to or through agents or underwriters, we will include in the applicable prospectus supplement:

the names of those agents or underwriters;
applicable fees, discounts and commissions to be paid to them;
details regarding over-allotment or other options, if any; and
the net proceeds to us, if any.

THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OF SECURITIES UNLESS IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.

Common Stock

We may issue shares of our common stock from time to time. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors out of legally available funds. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding shares of preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive rights and no right to convert their common stock into any other securities. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the common stock under “Description of Capital Stock - Common stock.” We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to any common stock being offered.

Preferred Stock

We may issue shares of our preferred stock from time to time, in one or more series. Our board of directors will determine the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the preferred stock, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, preemptive rights, terms of redemption or repurchase, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series. Convertible preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock or exchangeable for other securities. Conversion may be mandatory or at the holder’s option and would be at prescribed conversion rates.



If we sell any series of preferred stock under this prospectus, we will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the preferred stock of each series we issue under this prospectus, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that contains the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the preferred stock under “Description of Capital Stock - Preferred stock.” We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of preferred stock being offered, as well as the complete certificate of designation that contains the terms of the applicable series of preferred stock.

Debt Securities

We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the indenture, we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.

We will issue the debt securities under the indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the indenture. The indenture will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act. We have filed the form of indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC.

The summary of material provisions of the debt securities and the indenture is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities.

Warrants

We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or in combination with common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants under “Description of Warrants.” We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the particular series of warrants being offered, as well as any warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. We have filed forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants that may be offered as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, that contain the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of such warrants.

Any warrants issued under this prospectus may be evidenced by warrant certificates. Warrants also may be issued under an applicable warrant agreement that we enter into with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent, if applicable, in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of warrants being offered.



Use of Proceeds

Except as described in any applicable prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by us hereunder, if any, for working capital and general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus.

The Nasdaq Global Market Listing

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “ENPH.” The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to other listings, if any, on The Nasdaq Global Market or any other securities market or other exchange of the securities covered by the applicable prospectus supplement.



RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in the Affiliate Notes or shares of our common stock,securities, you should consider carefully the risk factorsrisks and all other information includeduncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in or incorporated by reference into, thisthe applicable prospectus including those includedsupplement and any related free writing prospectus, and discussed under the section titled “Risk Factors” contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as any amendments thereto reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus in their entirety, together with other information in this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference and if applicable, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. Additional risks not currently known to us orany free writing prospectus that we currently believemay authorize for use in connection with this offering. The risks described in these documents are immaterialnot the only ones we face, but those that we consider to be material. Past financial performance may also significantly impairnot be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, operations.financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be seriously harmed. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. Please also read carefully the section below entitledtitled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” When the Selling Securityholder offers and sells any securities pursuant to a prospectus supplement, we may include additional risk factors relevant to such securities in the prospectus supplement.


SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS


This prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein or any such prospectus supplement include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Also, documents that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus that we subsequently file with the SEC will include forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are those that predict or describe future events or trends and that do not relate solely to historical matters. You can generally identify forward-looking statements as statements containing the words “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “believe,” “project,” “plan,” “assume” or other similar expressions, or negatives of those expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. All statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus regarding future operating or financial performance, business strategies, technology developments, financing and investment plans, competitive position, industry and regulatory environment, potential growth opportunities, the effects of competition, expense levels, liquidity sources, timing of new product releases, and with respect to our completed transactions under the Asset Purchase Agreement with SunPower Corporation, or SunPower, involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that we believe could affect our results include:

·


our ability to improve our liquidity and to achieve profitability;

·

our ability to reduce product costs and operating expenses;

·

the future demand for solar energy solutions;

·

the reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives for on-grid solar electricity applications;

·

the impact of tariffs and other government actions on the solar industry, our products and international trade;

·

our ability to achieve and realize the anticipated benefits of the Master Supply Agreement with SunPower that became effective upon the closing of the transactions under the Asset Purchase Agreement with SunPower;

·

our ability to achieve broader market acceptance of our microinverter systems;

·

our reliance on sole-source and limited-source suppliers for key components and products;

·

changes in the retail price of electricity derived from the utility grid or alternative energy sources;

·

our ability to raise additional capital on favorable terms to execute on our current or future business opportunities;

·

changes in international trade policy or the imposition of new laws or regulations that materially harm our business;

·

the threat of global economic, capital markets and credit disruptions that pose risks for our business;

·

our ability to retain key personnel and effectively manage our workforce during our planned expansion into new markets;

·

the ability of potential owners of solar PV systems to secure financing on acceptable terms;

·



change in seasonal trends, natural disasters, construction cycles, terrorist or cyber-attacks, or other catastrophic events;

·

our ability to develop new and enhanced products in response to customer demands and rapid market and technological changes in the solar industry;

·

our ability to compete effectively with existing and new competitors; and

·

the success of competing solar solutions that are or become available.


While we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement, we caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our projections of the future, about which we cannot be certain. We discuss many of these risks, uncertainties and other factors in greater detail under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in our quarterlyannual report on Form 10-Q10-K for the fiscal periodyear ended September 30,December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on November 6, 2018,March 15, 2019, and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as the same may be amended, supplemented or superseded by the risks and uncertainties described under similar headings in the other documents that we file after the date hereof and are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Given these risks, uncertainties and other factors, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date such forward-looking statements are made. You should carefully read this prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference,” completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We can give no assurances that any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will occur or, if any of them do, what impact they will have on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We hereby qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.


Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future. We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for all forward-looking statements.


USE OF PROCEEDS

We will not receive


Except as described in any ofapplicable prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the Affiliate Notessecurities offered by us hereunder, if any, for working capital and general corporate purposes.

The amounts and timing of our use of the net proceeds from this offering will depend on a number of factors, such as the timing and progress of our research and development efforts, the timing and progress of any partnering and commercialization efforts, technological advances and the competitive environment for our products. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to us from the sale of the securities offered by us hereunder. Accordingly, our management will have broad discretion in the timing and application of these proceeds. Pending application of the net proceeds as described above, we intend to temporarily invest the proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing instruments.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized capital stock consists of 150,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.00001 par value per share. A description of material terms and provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or certificate of incorporation, and amended and restated bylaws, affecting the rights of holders of our capital stock is set forth below. The description is intended as a summary, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our certificate of incorporation and the amended and restated bylaws.

Common stock 

Dividend rights. Subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our common stock issued uponare entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available if our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to declare dividends and then only at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine.



Voting rights. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Our certificate of incorporation does not provide for the right of stockholders to cumulate votes for the election of directors. Our certificate of incorporation establishes a classified board of directors, which is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. Only one class of directors will be elected at each annual meeting of our stockholders, with the other classes continuing for the remainder of their respective three-year terms. These provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation could discourage potential takeover attempts. See “Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Our Charter Documents” below.

No preemptive or similar rights. Our common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion or redemption provisions. The rights, preferences and privileges of the Affiliate Notesholders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the Selling Securityholder.

rights of the holders of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.


RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGESRight to receive liquidation distributions.

Any Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of our common stock, subject to prior satisfaction of all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights and payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of preferred stock.


Fully Paid and Nonassessable. All outstanding shares of common stock are, and all shares of common stock we may issue under this prospectus will be, fully paid and nonassessable.

The rights of the holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of shares of any preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.

Preferred stock 

We are authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series established by our board of directors. Our board of directors is authorized to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each series and any of its qualifications, limitations or restrictions. Our board of directors can also increase or decrease the Affiliate Notes are offered pursuant tonumber of shares of any series, but not below the number of shares of that series then outstanding, without any further vote or action by our stockholders. Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of the common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring, discouraging or preventing a change in control of our company and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock.

We will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the preferred stock of each series we issue under this prospectus, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that contains the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering. We will provide a table setting forth our ratio of earnings to fixed charges on a historical basisdescribe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of preferred stock being offered, including, to the extent applicable:

the title and stated value;
the number of shares we are offering;
the liquidation preference per share;
the purchase price;
the dividend rate, period and payment date and method of calculation for dividends;
whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if required.

cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate;

the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if applicable;
the provisions for a sinking fund, if applicable;


the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights;
any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market;
whether the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, and, if applicable, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and the conversion period;
whether the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and the exchange period;
voting rights of the preferred stock;
preemptive rights, if any;
restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment;
whether interests in the preferred stock will be represented by depositary shares;
a discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;
the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs;
any limitations on the issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and
any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the preferred stock.

PRICE RANGE OF OUR COMMON STOCKA

nti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Our Charter Documents 


Some of the provisions of Delaware law may have the effect of delaying, deferring, discouraging or preventing another person from acquiring control of our company.

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following exceptions:

before such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
upon closing of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction began, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares owned by (1) persons who are directors and also officers and (2) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
on or after such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

In general, Section 203 defines business combination to include the following:

any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;
any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;
subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;
any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock or any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or
the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loss, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits by or through the corporation.



In general, Section 203 defines an “interested stockholder” as an entity or person who, together with the person’s affiliates and associates, beneficially owns, or within three years prior to the time of determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation.

A Delaware corporation may “opt out” of these provisions with an express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or an express provision in its certificate of incorporation or bylaws resulting from a stockholders’ amendment approved by at least a majority of the outstanding voting shares. We have not elected to “opt out” of these provisions. The statute could prohibit or delay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire us. Certain provisions in our certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws could have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control. For a description of such provisions, see “Risk Factors - Our charter documents and Delaware law could prevent a takeover that stockholders consider favorable and could also reduce the market price of our stock” in our Form 10‑K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2019, incorporated by reference to this prospectus.

Choice of Forum

Our certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or employee to us or our stockholders, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. However, several lawsuits involving other companies have been brought challenging the validity of choice of forum provisions in certificates of incorporation, and it is possible that a court could rule that such provision is inapplicable or unenforceable.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.

Listing on the Nasdaq Global Market 

Our common stock tradesis listed on Thethe Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol “ENPH.” “ENPH”.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the indenture, we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.

We will issue the debt securities under the indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the indenture. The indenture will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act. We have filed the form of indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC.

The following table lists the high and low intraday sales prices (per share) of our common stock as reported by The Nasdaq Global Market for the periods indicated.

 

 

Price Range

 

 

 

High

 

Low

 

Fiscal Year ended December 31, 2016:

 

 

 

 

 

First Quarter

 

$

3.73

 

$

1.76

 

Second Quarter

 

2.80

 

1.73

 

Third Quarter

 

2.14

 

1.16

 

Fourth Quarter

 

1.50

 

0.95

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Year ended December 31, 2017:

 

 

 

 

 

First Quarter

 

$

2.03

 

$

1.01

 

Second Quarter

 

1.41

 

0.65

 

Third Quarter

 

1.67

 

0.76

 

Fourth Quarter

 

3.45

 

1.24

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Year ending December 31, 2018:

 

 

 

 

 

First Quarter

 

$

5.58

 

$

1.83

 

Second Quarter

 

7.55

 

3.81

 

Third Quarter

 

7.60

 

3.70

 

Fourth Quarter (through December 11, 2018)

 

6.34

 

4.06

 

The last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Global Market on December 11, 2018 was $5.70 per share.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends and do not presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination as to the payment of dividends will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. Under the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated February 10, 2017, among Enphase and lenders affiliated with Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC (“TCP” and the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, as amended, the “Loan Agreement”) and the term loans thereunder, the “Term Loan”), our ability to pay dividends is restricted.

DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFILIATE NOTES

We issued the Affiliate Notes under an indenture (the “Indenture”) originally dated August 17, 2018 between us and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “trustee”).

The following description is a summary of the material provisions of the Affiliate Notesdebt securities and the Indenture and does not purport to be complete. This summaryindenture is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the Affiliate Notes, the Primary Offering Notes and the Indenture, including the definitionsindenture applicable to a particular series of certain terms used in the Indenture.debt securities. We urge you to read these documents because they,the applicable prospectus supplements and notany related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this description, define your rightsprospectus, as a holderwell as the complete indenture that contains the terms of the Affiliate Notes.

You may request a copy of thedebt securities.




General

The indenture from us as described under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

For purposes of the description under this “Description of the Affiliate Notes”, references to “Enphase,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer only to Enphase Energy, Inc. and not to our subsidiaries.

General

The Affiliate Notes:

·                  are our general unsecured, senior obligations;

·                  have an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million;

·                  bear cash interest from August 17, 2018 at an annual rate of 4.00% payable semiannually on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2019;

·                  are not be redeemable prior to maturity;

·                  are subject to repurchase by us at the option of the holders following a fundamental change occurring prior to the maturity date (as defined below under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes”) at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Affiliate Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the relevant fundamental change repurchase date;

·                  mature on August 1, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms; and

·                  were issued in minimum denominations of $1,000 and multiples of $1,000.

Subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, the Affiliate Notes may be converted at an initial conversion rate of 180.0180 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Affiliate Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.56 per share of common stock). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment if certain events occur.

Upon conversion of an Affiliate Note, we will deliver shares of our common stock, together with a cash payment in lieu of delivering any fractional share, as described under “—Conversion Rights— Settlement upon Conversion.” You will not receive any separate cash payment for interest, if any, accrued and unpaid to the conversion date except under the limited circumstances described below.

The Indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may be issued by usin any currency or our subsidiaries under the Indenture or otherwise. The Indenture does not contain any financial covenants and does not restrict us from paying dividends or issuing or repurchasing our other securities. Other than restrictions described under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes” and “—Consolidation, Merger or Sale of Assets” below and exceptcurrency unit that we may designate. Except for the provisions set forth under “—Conversion Rights—Increaselimitations on consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change,” the Indenture doesindenture, the terms of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to affordgive holders of the Notesany debt securities protection in the event of a highly leveraged transaction involving us or in the event of a declineagainst changes in our credit rating as the result of a takeover, recapitalization, highly leveraged transactionoperations, financial condition or similar restructuringtransactions involving us that could adversely affect such holders.

us.


We may withoutissue the consent of the holders, reopen the Indenture and issue additional Notesdebt securities issued under the Indenture with the same termsindenture as the Affiliate Notes and the Primary Offering Notes (other than differences in the issue date, the issue price and interest accrued prior to the issue date of such additional Notes and, if applicable, restrictions on transfer of such additional Notes) in an unlimited aggregate“discount securities,” which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount; providedamount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that if any such additional Notes are not fungibleissued at a discount, may be issued with the Primary Offering Notes“original issue discount,” or OID, for U.S. federal income tax purposes such additional Notesbecause of interest payment and other characteristics or terms of the debt securities. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with OID will have onebe described in more detail in any applicable prospectus supplement.

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including:

the title of the series of debt securities;
any limit upon the aggregate principal amount that may be issued;
the maturity date or more separate CUSIP numbers.

We dodates;

the form of the debt securities of the series;
the applicability of any guarantees;
whether or not intend to list the Notes, includingdebt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the Affiliate Notes, onterms of any secured debt;
whether the debt securities exchangerank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt or any automated dealer quotation system.

Purchasecombination thereof, and Cancellation

Wethe terms of any subordination;

if the price (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which such debt securities will cause all Affiliate Notes surrendered for payment, repurchase (including as described below), registration of transfer or exchange or conversion, if surrendered to any personbe issued is a price other than the trustee (includingprincipal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof, or if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such debt securities that is convertible into another security or the method by which any of our agents, subsidiaries or affiliates), to be delivered to the trustee for cancellation. All Affiliate Notes delivered to the trusteesuch portion shall be cancelled promptly by determined;
the trustee. Except for Notes surrendered for transferinterest rate or exchange, no Affiliate Notes shall be authenticated in exchange for any Affiliate Notes cancelled as provided in the Indenture.

We may, to the extent permitted by law, and directly or indirectly (regardless of whether such Notes are surrendered to us), repurchase the Affiliate Notes in the open market or otherwise, whether by us or our subsidiaries or through a private or public tender or exchange offer or through counterparties to private agreements, including by cash-settled swaps or other derivatives. We will cause any Affiliate Notes so repurchased (other than Notes repurchased pursuant to cash-settled swaps or other derivatives) to be surrendered to the trustee for cancellation, and they will no longer be considered “outstanding” under the Indenture upon their surrender to the trustee.

Payments on the Notes; Paying Agent and Registrar; Transfer and Exchange

We will pay or cause the paying agent to pay the principal of, and interest on, Notes in global form registered in the name of or held by The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee by wire transfer in immediately available funds to DTC or its nominee, as the caserates, which may be asfixed or variable, or the registered holder of such global note.

Wemethod for determining the rate and the date interest will pay or causebegin to accrue, the paying agent to pay the principal of any certificated Notes at the office or agency designated by us for that purpose. We have initially designated the trustee as our paying agent and registrar and its agency in the United States as a place where Notes may be presented for payment or for registration of transfer. We may, however, change the paying agent or registrar without prior notice to the holders of the Notes, and we may act as paying agent or registrar. Interest on certificated Notesdates interest will be payable (i)and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;

our right, if any, to holders having an aggregatedefer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;
if applicable, the date or dates after which, or the period or periods during which, and the price or prices at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions;
the date or dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;
the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;
any and all terms, if applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the debt securities of that series and any security for our obligations with respect to such debt securities and any other terms which may be advisable in connection with the marketing of debt securities of that series;
whether the debt securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a global security or securities; the terms and conditions, if any, upon which such global security or securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual securities; and the depositary for such global security or securities;


if applicable, the provisions relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of the series and the terms and conditions upon which such debt securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at our option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, the applicable conversion or exchange period and the manner of settlement for any conversion or exchange;
if other than the full principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of $5,000,000debt securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof;
additions to or less, by check mailedchanges in the covenants applicable to the holdersparticular debt securities being issued, including, among others, the consolidation, merger or sale covenant;
additions to or changes in the events of these Notes and (ii) to holders having an aggregate principal amount of more than $5,000,000, either by check mailed to each holder or, upon application by such a holderdefault with respect to the registrar not later thansecurities and any change in the relevant regular record date, by wire transfer in immediately available funds to that holder’s account within the United States, which application shall remain in effect until the holder notifies, in writing, the registrar to the contrary.

A holderright of Notes may transfer or exchange Notes at the office of the registrar in accordance with the Indenture. The registrar and the trustee may require a holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents. No service charge will be imposed by us, the trustee or the registrar forholders to declare the principal, premium, if any, registrationand interest, if any, with respect to such securities to be due and payable;

additions to or changes in or deletions of transferthe provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance;
additions to or exchangechanges in the provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of notes, but we may require a holderthe indenture;
additions to pay a sum sufficientor changes in the provisions relating to cover any transfer tax orthe modification of the indenture both with and without the consent of holders of debt securities issued under the indenture;
the currency of payment of debt securities if other similar governmental charge required by law or permitted bythan U.S. dollars and the Indenture. We are not required to transfer or exchange any note surrendered for conversion or required repurchase.

The registered holdermanner of a Note will be treated as its owner for all purposes.

Interest

The Affiliate Notes will bear cashdetermining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars;

whether interest at a rate of 4.00% per year until maturity. Interest on the Affiliate Notes will accrue from August 17, 2018 or from the most recent date on which interest has been paid or duly provided for. Interest will be payable semiannually in arrears on February 1cash or additional debt securities at our or the holders’ option and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2019.

Interestthe terms and conditions upon which the election may be made;

the terms and conditions, if any, upon which we will be paidpay amounts in addition to the person in whose name a Note is registered at the close of business on January 15 or July 15, as the case may be, immediately preceding the relevantstated interest, payment date (each, a “regular record date”). Interest on the Affiliate Notes will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months,premium, if any and for partial months, on the basisprincipal amounts of the numberdebt securities of days actually elapsed in a 30-day month.

Ifthe series to any interest payment date, the maturity date or any earlier required fundamental change repurchase date of an Affiliate Note falls on a dayholder that is not a business day,“United States person” for federal tax purposes;

any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the required payment will be madedebt securities of the series; and
any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the next succeeding business day and no interest on such payment will accruedebt securities, any other additions or changes in respect of the delay. The term “business day” means, with respect to any Note, any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is authorized or required by law or executive order to close or be closed.

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to interest in herein include additional interest, if any, payable as described under “—No Registration Rights; Additional Interest” and at our election as the sole remedy relating to the failure to comply with our reporting obligations as described under “—Events of Default.”

Ranking

The Affiliate Notes will be our general unsecured obligations that rank senior in right of payment to all of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Affiliate Notes. The Affiliate Notes will rank equal in right of payment with all of our liabilities that are not so subordinated. The Affiliate Notes will effectively rank junior to any of our secured indebtedness (including all amounts outstanding under the Loan Agreement) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. In the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or other winding up, our assets that secure secured debt will be available to pay obligations on the Notes only after all indebtedness under such secured debt has been repaid in full. The Affiliate Notes will rank structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries. We advise you that there may not be sufficient assets remaining to pay amounts due on any or all the Affiliate Notes then outstanding.

The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends and make other payments to us is also restricted by, among other things, applicable corporate and other laws and regulations as well as agreements to which our subsidiaries may become a party. We may not be able to pay cash for the fundamental change repurchase price if a holder requires us to repurchase Notes upon a fundamental change as described below. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change, and our current debt contains, and our future debt may contain, limitations on our ability to repurchase the notes.”

No Redemption

We may not redeem the Affiliate Notes prior to the maturity date, and no “sinking fund” is provided for the Notes, which means that we are not required to redeem or retire the Notes periodically.

Conversion Rights

General

Holders may convert all or any portion of their Affiliate Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date.

The conversion rate for the Affiliate Notes will initially be 180.0180 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Affiliate Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.56 per share of common stock). Upon conversion of a Note, we will satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering shares of our common stock, together with a cash payment in lieu of delivering any fractional share, as set forth below under “—Settlement upon Conversion.” We will settle our conversion obligation on the second business day immediately following the relevant conversion date. The trustee will initially act as the conversion agent.

A holder may convert fewer than all of such holder’s Affiliate Notes so long as the Affiliate Notes converted are a multiple of $1,000 principal amount.

If a holder of Affiliate Notes has submitted Notes for purchase upon a fundamental change, the holder may convert those Notes only if that holder first withdraws its fundamental change purchase notice.

Upon conversion, you will not receive any separate cash payment for accrued and unpaid interest, if any, except as described below. We will not issue fractional shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Affiliate Notes. Instead, we will pay cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share as described under “—Settlement upon Conversion.” Our delivery to you of the full number of shares, together with a cash payment for any fractional share, into which a Note is convertible will be deemed to satisfy in full our obligation to pay:

·        the principal amount of the Affiliate Note; and

·        accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the relevant conversion date.

As a result, accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the relevant conversion date will be deemed to be paid in full rather than cancelled, extinguished or forfeited.

Notwithstanding the immediately preceding paragraph, if the Affiliate Notes are converted after the close of business on a regular record date for the payment of interest, holders of such Notes at the close of business on such regular record date will receive the full amount of interest payable on such Notes on the corresponding interest payment date notwithstanding the conversion. Affiliate Notes surrendered for conversion during the period from the close of business on any regular record date to the open of business on the immediately following interest payment date must be accompanied by funds equal to the amount of interest payable on the Notes so converted; provided that no such payment need be made:

·       for conversions following the regular record date immediately preceding the maturity date;

·       if we have specified a fundamental change repurchase date that is after a regular record date and on or prior to the business day immediately succeeding the corresponding interest payment date; or

·       to the extent of any overdue interest, if any overdue interest exists at the time of conversion with respect to such Note.

Therefore, for the avoidance of doubt, all record holders of Affiliate Notes on the regular record date immediately preceding the maturity date will receive the full interest payment due on the maturity date in cash regardless of whether their Notes have been converted following such regular record date.

Conversion Procedures

If you hold a beneficial interest in a global note, to convert you must comply with DTC’s procedures for converting a beneficial interest in a global note and, if required, pay funds equal to interest payable on the next interest payment date to which you are not entitled. As such, if you are a beneficial owner of the Notes, you must allow for sufficient time to comply with DTC’s procedures if you wish to exercise your conversion rights.

If you hold a certificated Note, to convert you must:

·       complete and manually sign the conversion notice on the back of the Note, or a facsimile of the conversion notice;

·       deliver the conversion notice, which is irrevocable, and the Note to the conversion agent;

·       if required, furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents; and

·       if required, pay funds equal to interest payable on the next interest payment date to which you are not entitled.

We will pay any documentary, stamp or similar issue or transfer tax on the issuance of the shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Notes, unless the tax is due because the holder requests such shares to be issued in a name other than the holder’s name, in which case the holder will pay the tax.

We refer to the date you comply with the relevant procedures for conversion described above as the “conversion date.”

If a holder has already delivered a repurchase notice as described under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes” with respect to a Note, the holder may not surrender that Note for conversion until the holder has withdrawn the repurchase notice in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Indenture. If a holder submits its Notes forindenture, and any terms that may be required repurchase, the holder’s right to withdraw the fundamental change repurchase notice and convert the Notes that are subject to repurchase will terminate at the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the relevant fundamental change repurchase date.

Settlement upon by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations.


Conversion

Upon conversion, we will deliver to holders in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of Notes being converted a number of shares of our common stock equal to the conversion rate, together with a cash payment in lieu of delivering any fractional share of common stock issuable upon conversion based on the last reported sale price of our common stock on the relevant conversion date. or Exchange Rights


We will deliverset forth in the consideration due in respect of conversion onapplicable prospectus supplement the second business day immediately following the relevant conversion date.

Each conversion will be deemed to have been effected as to any Notes surrendered for conversion on the conversion date, and the person in whose name the shares of our common stock shall be issuable upon such conversion will become the holder of record of such shares as of the close of business on such conversion date.

The “last reported sale price” of our common stock on any date means the closing sale price per share (or if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the bid and ask prices or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average bid and the average ask prices) on that date as reported in composite transactions for the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchangeterms on which our common stock is traded. If our common stock is not listed for trading on a U.S. nationalseries of debt securities may be convertible into or regional securities exchange on the relevant date, the “last reported sale price” will be the last quoted bid priceexchangeable for our common stock inor our other securities. We will include provisions as to settlement upon conversion or exchange and whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the over-the-counter market on the relevant date as reported by OTC Markets Group Inc. or a similar organization. If our common stock is not so quoted, the “last reported sale price” will be the averageoption of the mid-point of the last bid and ask prices forholder or at our common stock on the relevant date from each of at least three nationally recognized independent investment banking firms selected by us for this purpose.

Conversion Rate Adjustments

The conversion rate will be adjusted as described below, except that we will not make any adjustmentsoption. We may include provisions pursuant to the conversion rate if holders of the Notes participate (other than in the case of (x) a share split or share combination or (y) a tender or exchange offer), at the same time and upon the same terms as holders of our common stock and solely as a result of holding the Notes, in any of the transactions described below without having to convert their Notes as if they held a number of shares of common stock equal to the conversion rate, multiplied by the principal amount (expressed in thousands) of Notes held by such holder.

(1)         If we exclusively issue shares of our common stock as a dividend or distribution on shares of our common stock, or if we effect a share split or share combination, the conversion rate will be adjusted based on the following formula:

CR1 = CR0 × [OS1 / OS2]

where,

CR0 =                         the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the record date (as defined below) of such dividend or distribution, or immediately prior to the open of business on the effective date of such share split or share combination, as applicable;

CR1 =                         the conversion rate in effect immediately after the close of business on such record date or immediately after the open of business on such effective date, as applicable;

OS=which the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately prioror our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.


Consolidation, Merger or Sale

Unless we provide otherwise in the closeprospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of business ondebt securities, the indenture will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of our assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety. However, any successor to or acquirer of such record dateassets (other than a subsidiary of ours) must assume all of our obligations under the indenture or immediately priorthe debt securities, as appropriate.

Events of Default under the Indenture

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the openfollowing are events of business on such effective date, as applicable (before giving effectdefault under the indenture with respect to any such dividend, distribution, split or combination);series of debt securities that we may issue:

if we fail to pay any installment of interest on any series of debt securities, as and

OS1 = when the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such dividend, distribution, share split or share combination.

Any adjustment made under this clause (1)same shall become effective immediately after the close of business on the record date fordue and payable, and such dividend or distribution, or immediately after the open of business on the effective date for such share split or share combination, as applicable. If any dividend or distribution of the type described in this clause (1) is declared but not so paid or made, the conversion rate shall be immediately readjusted, effective as of the date our board of directors or a committee thereof determines not to pay such dividend or distribution to the conversion rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared.

(2)              If we issue to all or substantially all holders of our common stock any rights, options or warrants entitling them,default continues for a period of not more than 45 calendar days after the announcement date of such issuance, to subscribe for or purchase shares of our common stock at a price per share that is less than the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock for the 10 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such issuance, the conversion rate will be increased based on the following formula:

CR1 = CR0 × [OS0 + X] / [OS0 + Y]

where,

CR0 =                         the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the record date for such issuance;

CR1 =                           the conversion rate in effect immediately after the close of business on such record date;

OS0 =                           the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately prior to the close of business on such record date;

X =                                       the total number of shares of our common stock issuable pursuant to such rights, options or warrants; and

Y =                                       the number of shares of our common stock equal to the aggregate price payable to exercise such rights, options or warrants, divided by the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the 10 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date of announcement of the issuance of such rights, options or warrants.

Any increase made under this clause (2) will be made successively whenever any such rights, options or warrants are issued and shall become effective immediately after the close of business on the record date for such issuance. To the extent that shares of common stock are not delivered after the expiration of such rights, options or warrants, the conversion rate shall be decreased to the conversion rate that would then be in effect had the increase with respect to the issuance of such rights, options or warrants been made on the basis of delivery of only the number of shares of common stock actually delivered. If such rights, options or warrants are not so issued, the conversion rate shall be decreased to the conversion rate that would then be in effect if such record date for such issuance had not occurred.

For the purpose of this clause (2), in determining whether any rights, options or warrants entitle the holders to subscribe for or purchase shares of our common stock at less than such average of the last reported sale prices for the 10 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such issuance, and in determining the aggregate offering price of such shares of common stock, there shall be taken into account any consideration received by us for such rights, options or warrants and any amount payable on exercise or conversion thereof, the value of such consideration, if other than cash, to be determined by our board of directors or a committee thereof.

(3)              If we distribute shares of our capital stock, evidences of our indebtedness, other assets or property of ours or rights, options or warrants to acquire our capital stock or other securities, to all or substantially all holders of our common stock, excluding:

·        dividends, distributions or issuances as to which an adjustment was effected pursuant to clause (1) or (2) above;

·        payments in respect of tender or exchange offers as to which an adjustment was effected pursuant to clause (5) below;

·        dividends or distributions paid exclusively in cash as to which an adjustment was effected pursuant to clause (4) below;

·        distributions of reference property in a transaction described in “—Recapitalizations, Reclassifications, and Changes of Our Common Stock;” and

·        spin-offs as to which the provisions set forth below in this clause (3) shall apply;

then the conversion rate will be increased based on the following formula:

CR1 = CR0 × SP0 / [SP0 - FMV]

where,

CR0 =                             the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the record date for such distribution;

CR1 =                             the conversion rate in effect immediately after the close of business on such record date;

SP0 =                                 the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the 10 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the ex-dividend date for such distribution; and

FMV =                        the fair market value (as determined by our board of directors or a committee thereof) of the shares of capital stock, evidences of indebtedness, assets, property, rights, options or warrants distributed with respect to each outstanding share of our common stock on the record date for such distribution.

Any increase made under the portion of this clause (3) above will become effective immediately after the close of business on the record date for such distribution. If such distribution is not so paid or made, the conversion rate shall be decreased to be the conversion rate that would then be in effect if such distribution had not been declared.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if “FMV” (as defined above) is equal to or greater than “SP0”(as defined above), in lieu of the foregoing increase, each holder of a Note shall receive, in respect of each $1,000 principal amount thereof, at the same time and upon the same terms as holders of our common stock, the amount and kind of our capital stock, evidences of our indebtedness, other assets or property of ours or rights, options or warrants to acquire our capital stock or other securities that such holder would have received if such holder owned a number of shares of common stock equal to the conversion rate in effect on the record date for the distribution.

With respect to an adjustment pursuant to this clause (3) where there has been a payment of a dividend or other distribution on our common stock of shares of capital stock of any class or series, or similar equity interest, of or relating to a subsidiary or other business unit, that are, or, when issued, will be, listed or admitted for trading on a U.S. national securities exchange, which we refer to as a “spin-off,” the conversion rate will be increased based on the following formula:

CR1 = CR0 × [FMV0 + MP0] / MP0

where,

CR0 =                                  the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the end of the valuation period (as defined below);

CR1 =                                  the conversion rate in effect immediately after the end of the valuation period;

FMV0 =                        the average of the last reported sale prices of the capital stock or similar equity interest distributed to holders of our common stock applicable to one share of our common stock (determined by reference to the definition of last reported sale price set forth under “—Settlement upon Conversion” as if references therein to our common stock were to such capital stock or similar equity interest) over the first 10 consecutive trading day period after, and including, the ex-dividend date of the spin-off (the “valuation period”); and

MP0 =                                 the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the valuation period.

The adjustment to the conversion rate under the preceding paragraph will occur at the close of business on the last trading day of the valuation period; provided that in respect of any conversion of Notes during the valuation period, the reference to “10” in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed replaced with such lesser number of trading days as have elapsed between the ex-dividend date of such spin-off and the conversion date in determining the conversion rate.

(4)              If any cash dividend or distribution is made to all or substantially all holders of our common stock (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, cash payments in respect of tender or exchange offers to which clause (5) below shall apply), the conversion rate will be adjusted based on the following formula:

CR1 = CR0 × SP0 / [SP0 - C]

where,

CR0 =                         the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the record date for such dividend or distribution;

CR1 =                         the conversion rate in effect immediately after the close of business on the record date for such dividend or distribution;

SP0 =                             the daily volume-weighted average price of our common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution; and

C =                                  the amount in cash per share we distribute to all or substantially all holders of our common stock.

Any increase made under this clause (4) shall become effective immediately after the close of business on the record date for such dividend or distribution. If such dividend or distribution is not so paid, the conversion rate shall be decreased, effective as of the date our board of directors or a committee thereof determines not to make or pay such dividend or distribution, to be the conversion rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if “C” (as defined above) is equal to or greater than “SP0”(as defined above), in lieu of the foregoing increase, each holder of a Note shall receive, for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes, at the same time and upon the same terms as holders of shares of our common stock, the amount of cash that such holder would have received if such holder owned a number of shares of our common stock equal to the conversion rate on the record date for such cash dividend or distribution.

(5)              If we or any of our subsidiaries make a payment in respect of a tender or exchange offer for our common stock, to the extent that the cash and value of any other consideration included in the payment per share of common stock exceeds the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the 10 consecutive trading day period commencing on, and including, the trading day next succeeding the last date on which tenders or exchanges may be made pursuant to such tender or exchange offer, the conversion rate will be increased based on the following formula:

CR1 = CR0 × [AC + (SP1× OS1)] / [OS0 × SP1]

where,

CR0 =                         the conversion rate in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the 10th trading day immediately following, and including, the trading day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires;

CR1 =                         the conversion rate in effect immediately after the close of business on the 10th trading day immediately following, and including, the trading day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires;

AC =                              the aggregate value of all cash and any other consideration (as determined by our board of directors or a committee thereof) paid or payable for shares purchased in such tender or exchange offer;

OS0 =                           the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately prior to the date such tender or exchange offer expires (prior to giving effect to the purchase of all shares accepted for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer);

OS1 =                           the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after the date such tender or exchange offer expires (after giving effect to the purchase of all shares accepted for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer); and

SP1 =                             the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the 10 consecutive trading day period commencing on, and including, the trading day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires.

The adjustment to the conversion rate under the preceding paragraph will occur at the close of business on the 10th trading day immediately following, and including, the trading day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires; provided that if the relevant conversion date occurs during the 10 trading days immediately following, and including, the trading day next succeeding the expiration date of any tender or exchange offer, references to “10” or “10th” in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed replaced with such lesser number of trading days as have elapsed between the expiration date of such tender or exchange offer and such conversion date in determining the conversion rate.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a conversion rate adjustment becomes effective as described above, and a holder that has converted its Notes on or after the relevant ex-dividend date and on or prior to the related record date would be treated as the record holder of shares of our common stock as of the related conversion date as described under “—Settlement upon Conversion” based on an adjusted conversion rate for such ex-dividend date, then, notwithstanding the foregoing conversion rate adjustment provisions, the conversion rate adjustment relating to such ex-dividend date will not be made for such converting holder. Instead, such holder will be treated as if such holder were the record owner of the shares of our common stock on an unadjusted basis and participate in the related dividend, distribution or other event giving rise to such adjustment.

Except as stated herein, we will not adjust the conversion rate for the issuance of shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock or the right to purchase shares of our common stock or such convertible or exchangeable securities.

As used in this section, “ex-dividend date” means the first date on which the shares of our common stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive the issuance, dividend or distribution in question, from us or, if applicable, from the seller of our common stock on such exchange or market (in the form of due bills or otherwise) as determined by such exchange or market, and “effective date” means the first date on which the shares of our common stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, reflecting the relevant share split or share combination, as applicable.

As used in this section, “record date” means, with respect to any dividend, distribution or other transaction or event in which the holders of our common stock (or other applicable security) have the right to receive any cash, securities or other property or in which our common stock (or such other security) is exchanged for or converted into any combination of cash, securities or other property, the date fixed for determination of holders of our common stock (or such other security) entitled to receive such cash, securities or other property (whether such date is fixed by our board of directors or a duly authorized committee thereof, statute, contract or otherwise).

As used in this section, “daily volume-weighted average price” means the per share volume-weighted average price as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page “ENPH <equity> AQR” (or its equivalent successor if such page is not available) in respect of the period from the scheduled open of trading until the scheduled close of trading of the primary trading session on such trading day (or if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable, the market value of one share of our common stock on such trading day determined, using a volume-weighted average method, by a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm retained for this purpose by us). The “daily volume-weighted average price” will be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session trading hours.

Subject to the applicable listing standards of The Nasdaq Global Market, we are permitted to increase the conversion rate for the Notes by any amount for a period of at least 20 business days if our board of directors or a committee thereof determines that such increase would be in our best interest. Subject to the applicable listing standards of The Nasdaq Global Market, we may also (but are not required to) increase the conversion rate to avoid or diminish income tax to holders of our common stock or rights to purchase shares of our common stock in connection with a dividend or distribution of shares (or rights to acquire shares) or similar event.

A holder may, in some circumstances, including a distribution of cash dividends to holders of our shares of common stock, be deemed to have received a distribution subject to U.S. federal income tax as a result of an adjustment or the nonoccurrence of an adjustment to the conversion rate.

If we have a rights plan in effect upon conversion of the Notes into common stock, you will receive, in addition to the shares of common stock received in connection with such conversion, the rights under the rights plan. However, if, prior to any conversion, the rights have separated from the shares of common stock in accordance with the provisions of the applicable rights plan, the conversion rate for the Notes will be adjusted at the time of separation as if we distributed to all or substantially all holders of our common stock, shares of our capital stock, evidences of indebtedness, assets, property, rights, options or warrants as described in clause (3) above, subject to readjustment in the event of the expiration, termination or redemption of such rights.

Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, the conversion rate will not be adjusted:

·    upon the issuance of any shares of our common stock pursuant to any present or future plan providing for the reinvestment of dividends or interest payable on our securities and the investment of additional optional amounts in shares of our common stock under any plan;

·    upon the issuance of any shares of our common stock or options or rights to purchase those shares pursuant to any present or future employee, director or consultant benefit plan or program of or assumed by us or any of our subsidiaries;

·    upon the issuance of any shares of our common stock pursuant to any option, warrant, right or exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security not described in the preceding bullet and outstanding as of the date the Notes were first issued;

·    upon the repurchase of any shares of our common stock pursuant to an open-market share repurchase program or other buy-back transaction that is not a tender offer or exchange offer of the nature described under clause (5) above;

·    solely for a change in the par value of our common stock; or

·    for accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

Adjustments to the conversion rate will be calculated to the nearest 1/10,000th of a share.

Recapitalizations, Reclassifications and Changes of Our Common Stock

In the case of:

·    any recapitalization, reclassification or change of our common stock (other than changes resulting from a subdivision or combination),

·    any consolidation, merger or combination involving us,

·    any sale, lease or other transfer to a third party of the consolidated assets of ours and our subsidiaries substantially as an entirety, or

·    any statutory share exchange,

in each case, as a result of which our common stock would be converted into, or exchanged for, stock, other securities, other property or assets (including cash or any combination thereof), then, at and after the effective time of the transaction, we and/or the successor or purchasing company, as the case may be, will execute with the trustee a supplemental indenture, without the consent of holders, provided that the right to convert each $1,000 principal amount of Notes will be changed into a right to convert such principal amount of Notes into the kind and amount of shares of stock, other securities or other property or assets (including cash or any combination thereof) that a holder of a number of shares of common stock equal to the conversion rate immediately prior to such transaction would have owned or been entitled to receive (the “reference property”) upon such transaction. However, at and after the effective time of the transaction, the number of shares of our common stock otherwise deliverable upon conversion of the Notes as set forth under “—Settlement upon Conversion” above will instead be deliverable in the amount and type of reference property that a holder of that number of shares of our common stock would have received in such transaction. If the transaction causes our common stock to be converted into, or exchanged for, the right to receive more than a single type of consideration (determined based in part upon any form of stockholder election), the reference property into which the Notes will be convertible will be deemed to be the weighted average of the types and amounts of consideration actually received by the holders of our common stock. We will notify holders, the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) of the weighted average as soon as practicable after such determination is made.

The supplemental indenture providing that the Notes will be convertible into reference property will also provide for anti-dilution and other adjustments that are as nearly equivalent as possible to the adjustments described under “—Conversion Rate Adjustments” above. If the reference property in respect of any such transaction includes shares of stock, securities or other property or assets of a company other than us or the successor or purchasing corporation, as the case may be, in such transaction, such other company will also execute such supplemental indenture, and such supplemental indenture will contain such additional provisions to protect the interests of the holders, including the right of holders to require us to repurchase their Notes upon a fundamental change as described under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes” below, as the board of directors reasonably considers necessary by reason of the foregoing. We will agree in the Indenture not to become a party to any such transaction unless its terms are consistent with the foregoing.

Adjustments of Prices

Whenever any provision of the Indenture requires us to calculate the last reported sale prices over a span of multiple days (including, without limitation, the period, if any, for determining the “stock price” for purposes of a make-whole fundamental change), we will make appropriate adjustments to each to account for any adjustment to the conversion rate that becomes effective, or any event requiring an adjustment to the conversion rate where the record date, ex-dividend date, effective date or expiration date of the event occurs, at any time during the period when such last reported sale prices are to be calculated.

Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change

If the “effective date” (as defined below) of a “fundamental change” (as defined below and determined after giving effect to any exceptions to or exclusions from such definition, but without regard to the proviso in clause (2) of the definition thereof, a “make-whole fundamental change”) occurs prior to the maturity date, and a holder elects to convert its Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change, we will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for the Notes so surrendered for conversion by a number of additional shares of common stock (the “additional shares”), as described below. A conversion of Notes will be deemed for these purposes to be “in connection with” such make-whole fundamental change if the relevant notice of conversion of such Notes is received by the conversion agent from, and including, the effective date of the make-whole fundamental change up to, and including, the business day immediately prior to the related fundamental change repurchase date (or, in the case of a make-whole fundamental change that would have been a fundamental change but for the proviso in clause (2) of the definition thereof, the 35th trading day immediately following the effective date of such make-whole fundamental change) (such period, the “make-whole fundamental change period”).

Upon surrender of Notes for conversion in connection with a make-whole fundamental change, we will deliver shares of our common stock, including the additional shares, as described under “—Settlement upon Conversion.” However, if the consideration for our common stock in any make-whole fundamental change described in clause (2) of the definition of fundamental change is composed entirely of cash, for any conversion of Notes following the effective date of such make-whole fundamental change, the conversion obligation will be calculated based solely on the “stock price” (as defined below) for the transaction and will be deemed to be an amount of cash per $1,000 principal amount of converted Notes equal to the conversion rate (including any increase to reflect the additional shares as described in this section), multiplied by such stock price. We will notify holders, the trustee and the conversion agent (if other than the trustee) of the effective date of any make-whole fundamental change no later than five business days after such effective date.

The number of additional shares, if any, by which the conversion rate will be increased will be determined by reference to the table below, based on the date on which the make-whole fundamental change occurs or becomes effective (the “effective date”) and the price (the “stock price”) paid (or deemed to be paid) per share of our common stock in the make-whole fundamental change. If the holders of our common stock receive in exchange for their common stock only cash in a make-whole fundamental change described in clause (2) of the definition of fundamental change, the stock price will be the cash amount paid per share. Otherwise, the stock price will be the average of the last reported sale prices of our common stock over the five trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the effective date of the make-whole fundamental change.

The stock prices set forth in the column headings of the table below will be adjusted as of any date on which the conversion rate for the Notes is otherwise adjusted. The adjusted stock prices will equal the stock prices immediately prior to such adjustment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the conversion rate immediately prior to the adjustment giving rise to the stock price adjustment and the denominator of which is the conversion rate as so adjusted. The number of additional shares as set forth in the table below will be adjusted in the same manner and at the same time as the conversion rate as set forth under “—Conversion Rate Adjustments.”

The following table sets forth the number of additional shares by which the conversion rate for the Affiliate Notes will be increased per $1,000 principal amount of the Affiliate Notes for each stock price and effective date set forth below:

 

 

Stock Price

 

Effective Date

 

$5.05

 

$5.25

 

$5.50

 

$5.75

 

$6.00

 

$7.00

 

$8.00

 

$9.00

 

$10.00

 

$15.00

 

$20.00

 

August 17, 2018

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

15.4053

 

11.8361

 

9.3557

 

7.4882

 

2.3303

 

0.3554

 

August 1, 2019

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

13.2449

 

10.1253

 

8.0240

 

6.4567

 

2.0706

 

0.3351

 

August 1, 2020

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

17.5618

 

15.5732

 

10.6280

 

8.0530

 

6.4039

 

5.1884

 

1.7284

 

0.2818

 

August 1, 2021

 

18.0018

 

18.0018

 

16.4429

 

13.8625

 

11.8863

 

7.5353

 

5.6510

 

4.5257

 

3.6986

 

1.2881

 

0.2079

 

August 1, 2022

 

18.0018

 

15.7306

 

11.8162

 

9.0366

 

7.1112

 

3.8624

 

2.9215

 

2.3793

 

1.9619

 

0.7142

 

0.1092

 

August 1, 2023

 

18.0018

 

10.4582

 

1.8002

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

The exact stock prices and effective dates may not be set forth in the table above, in which case:

·        If the stock price is between two stock prices in the table or the effective date is between two effective dates in the table, the number of additional shares by which the conversion rate will be increased will be determined by a straight-line interpolation between the number of additional shares set forth for the higher and lower stock prices and the earlier and later effective dates, as applicable, based on a 365-day year.

·        If the stock price is greater than $20.00 per share (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the stock prices set forth in the column headings of the table above), no additional shares will be added to the conversion rate.

·        If the stock price is less than $5.05 per share (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the stock prices set forth in the column headings of the table above), no additional shares will be added to the conversion rate.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event will the conversion rate per $1,000 principal amount of the Affiliate Notes exceed 198.0198 shares of common stock, subject to adjustment in the same manner as the conversion rate as set forth under “—Conversion Rate Adjustments.”

Our obligations to increase the conversion rate for the Notes converted in connection with a make-whole fundamental change could be considered a penalty, in which case the enforceability thereof would be subject to general principles of reasonableness and equitable remedies.

Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes

If a “fundamental change” (as defined below in this section) occurs at any time prior to the maturity date, holders will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase for cash all of their Notes, or any portion of the principal amount thereof that is equal to $1,000 or a multiple of $1,000. The fundamental change repurchase date will be a date specified by us that is not less than 20 or more than 35 calendar days following the date of our fundamental change notice as described below.

The fundamental change repurchase price we are required to pay will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date (unless the fundamental change repurchase date falls after a regular record date but on or prior to the interest payment date to which such regular record date relates, in which case we will instead pay the full amount of accrued and unpaid interest to the holder of record on such regular record date, and the fundamental change repurchase price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased).

A “fundamental change” will be deemed to have occurred at the time after the Notes are originally issued if any of the following occurs:

(1)              a “person” or “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, other than us, our wholly owned subsidiaries and our and their employee benefit plans, files a

Schedule TO or any schedule, form or report under the Exchange Act disclosing that such person or group has become the direct or indirect “beneficial owner,” as defined in

Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of our common stock representing more than 50% of the voting power of our common stock;

(2)              the consummation of (A) any recapitalization, reclassification or change of our common stock (other than changes resulting from a subdivision or combination) as a result of which our common stock would be converted into, or exchanged for, stock, other securities, other property or assets; (B) any share exchange, consolidation or merger of us pursuant to which our common stock will be converted into cash, securities or other property or assets; or (C) any sale, lease or other transfer in one transaction or a series of transactions of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of us and our subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any person other than one of our wholly owned subsidiaries;90 days; provided, however, that a transaction described in clause (A) or (B) in which the holdersvalid extension of all classes of our common equity immediately prior to such transaction own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of all classes of common equity of the continuing or surviving corporation or transferee or the parent thereof immediately after such transaction in substantially the same proportions as such ownership immediately prior to such transaction shall not be a fundamental change pursuant to this clause (2);

(3)              our stockholders approve any plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of us; or

(4)              our common stock (or other common stock underlying the Notes) ceases to be listed or quoted on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq Global Select Market or The Nasdaq Global Market (or any of their respective successors).

A transaction or transactions described in clauses (1) or (2) above will not constitute a fundamental change, however, if at least 90% of the consideration received or to be receivedan interest payment period by our common stockholders, excluding cash payments for fractional shares, in connection with such transaction or transactions consists of shares of common stock that are listed or quoted on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq Global Select Market or The Nasdaq Global Market (or any of their respective successors) or will be so listed or quoted when issued or exchanged in connection with such transaction or transactions and as a result of such transaction or transactions the Notes become convertible into such consideration, excluding cash payments for fractional shares (subject to the provisions set forth above under “—Conversion Rights—Settlement upon Conversion”).

If any transaction in which our common stock is replaced by the securities of another entity occurs, following completion of any related make-whole fundamental change period (or, in the case of a transaction that would have been a fundamental change or a make-whole fundamental change but for the immediately preceding paragraph, following the effective date of such transaction), references to us in the definition of “fundamental change” above shall instead be references to such other entity.

For purposes of the definition of “fundamental change” above, any transaction that constitutes a fundamental change pursuant to both clause (1) and clause (2) of such definition shall be deemed a fundamental change solely under clause (2) of such definition.

On or before the 20th day after the occurrence of a fundamental change, we will provide to all holders of the Notes and the trustee and paying agent a written notice of the occurrence of the fundamental change and of the resulting repurchase right. Such notice shall state, among other things:

·        the events causing a fundamental change;

·        the date of the fundamental change;

·        the last date on which a holder may exercise the repurchase right;

·        the fundamental change repurchase price;

·        the fundamental change repurchase date;

·        the name and address of the paying agent and the conversion agent, if applicable;

·        if applicable, the conversion rate and any adjustments to the conversion rate;

·        that the Notes with respect to which a fundamental change repurchase notice has been delivered by a holder may be converted only if the holder withdraws the fundamental change repurchase notice in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the Indenture;payment of interest for this purpose;



if we fail to pay the principal of, or premium, if any, on any series of debt securities as and

· when the proceduressame shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to such series; provided, however, that holders must follow to require us to repurchase their Notes.

To exercise the fundamental change repurchase right, you must deliver, on or before the business day immediately preceding the fundamental change repurchase date, the Notes to be repurchased, duly endorsed for transfer, together with a written repurchase notice, to the paying agent. Each repurchase notice must state:

·        if certificated, the certificate numbers of your Notes to be delivered for repurchase;

·        the portionvalid extension of the maturity of such debt securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal amountor premium, if any;

if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant or agreement contained in the debt securities or the indenture, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of Notes to be repurchased, which must be $1,000 or a multiple thereof;debt securities, and

·        that the Notes are to be repurchased by us pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Notes and the Indenture.

If the Notes are not in certificated form, such repurchase notice must comply with appropriate DTC procedures.

Holders may withdraw any repurchase notice (in whole or in part) by a our failure continues for 90 days after we receive written notice of withdrawal deliveredsuch failure, requiring the same to the paying agent prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the fundamental change repurchase date. Thebe remedied and stating that such is a notice of withdrawal shall state:

·default thereunder, from the trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the withdrawn Notes, which must be in minimum denominations of $1,000 or a multiple in excess thereof;

·        if certificated Notes have been issued, the certificate numbersoutstanding debt securities of the withdrawn Notes;applicable series; and

·        the principal amount,

if any, which remains subject to the repurchase notice, which must be in minimum denominationsspecified events of $1,000bankruptcy, insolvency or a multiple in excess thereof.

If the Notes are not in certificated form, such notice of withdrawal must comply with appropriate DTC procedures.

We will be required to repurchase the Notes on the fundamental change repurchase date. Holders who have exercised the repurchase right will receive payment of the fundamental change repurchase price on the later of (i) the fundamental change repurchase date and (ii) the time of book-entry transfer or the delivery of the Notes. If the paying agent holds money sufficient to pay the fundamental change repurchase price of the Notes on the fundamental change repurchase date, then, with respect to the Notes that have been properly surrendered for repurchase and have not been validly withdrawn:

·        the Notes will cease to be outstanding and interest will cease to accrue (whether or not book-entry transfer of the Notes is made or whether or not the Notes are delivered to the paying agent); and

·        all other rights of the holder of such Notes will terminate (other than the right to receive the fundamental change repurchase price).

In connection with any repurchase offer pursuant to a fundamental change repurchase notice, we will, if required:

·        comply with the provisions of Rule 13e-4, Rule 14e-1 and any other tender offer rules under the Exchange Act that may then be applicable;

·        file a Schedule TO or any other required schedule under the Exchange Act; and

·        otherwise comply with all federal and state securities laws in connection with any offer by us to repurchase the Notes,

in each case, so as to permit the rights and obligations under this “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes” to be exercised in the time and in the manner specified in the Indenture.

No Notes may be repurchased on any date at the option of holders upon a fundamental change if the principal amount of the Notes has been accelerated, and such acceleration has not been rescinded, on or prior to such date (except in the case of an acceleration resulting from a default by us in the payment of the fundamental change repurchase price with respect to such Notes).

The repurchase rights of the holders could discourage a potential acquirer of us. The fundamental change repurchase feature, however, is not the result of management’s knowledge of any specific effort to obtain control of us by any means or part of a plan by management to adopt a series of anti-takeover provisions.

The term fundamental change is limited to specified transactions and may not include other events that might adversely affect our financial condition. In addition, the requirement that we offer to repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change may not protect holders in the event of a highly leveraged transaction, reorganization merger or similar transaction involving us.

Furthermore, holders may not be entitled to require us to repurchase their Notes or be entitled to an increase in the conversion rate upon conversion as described under “—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change” in circumstances involving a significant change in the composition of our board unless such change is in connection with a fundamental change or make-whole fundamental change as described herein.

The definition of fundamental change includes a phrase relating to the sale, lease or other transfer of “all or substantially all” of our consolidated assets. There is no precise, established definition of the phrase “substantially all” under applicable law. Accordingly, the ability of a holder of the Notes to require us to repurchase its Notes as a result of the sale, lease or other transfer of less than all of our assets may be uncertain.

occur.


If a fundamental change were to occur, we may not have enough funds to pay the fundamental change repurchase price. Our ability to repurchase the Notes for cash may be limited by restrictions on our ability to obtain funds for such repurchase through dividends from our subsidiaries, the terms of our then existing borrowing arrangements or otherwise. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change, and our current debt contains, and our future debt may contain, limitations on our ability to repurchase the notes.” If we fail to repurchase Notes when required following a fundamental change, we will be in default under the Indenture. In addition, our Loan Agreement contains, and we may in the future incur other indebtedness with, similar change in control provisions permitting our holders to accelerate or to require us to repurchase our indebtedness upon the occurrence of similar events or on some specific dates.

Consolidation, Merger or Sale of Assets

The Indenture provides that we will not consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell, convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and assets to, another person, unless (i) the resulting, surviving or transferee person (if not us) is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, and such corporation (if not us) expressly assumes by supplemental indenture all of our obligations under the Notes and the Indenture; and (ii) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing under the Indenture. Upon any such consolidation, merger or sale, conveyance, transfer or lease, the resulting, surviving or transferee person (if not us) shall succeed to, and may exercise every right and power of, ours under the Indenture, and we will be discharged from our obligations under the Notes and the Indenture, except in the case of any such lease.

Although these types of transactions are permitted under the Indenture, certain of the foregoing transactions could constitute a fundamental change permitting each holder to require us to repurchase the Notes of such holder as described above.

Events of Default

Each of the following is an event of default with respect to the Notes:

(1)              default in any payment of interest on any Note when due and payable and the default continues for a period of 30 days;

(2)              default in the payment of principaldebt securities of any Note when dueseries occurs and payable at its stated maturity, upon any required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise;

(3)              our failure to comply with our obligation to convert the Notes in accordance with the Indenture upon exercise of a holder’s conversion right;

(4)              our failure to give a fundamental change notice as described under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes” or notice of a make-whole fundamental change as described under “—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change,” in each case when due;

(5)              our failure to give a fundamental change notice as described under “—Fundamental Change Permits Holders to Require Us to Repurchase Notes” or notice of a make-whole fundamental change as described under “—Increase in Conversion Rate upon Conversion upon a Make-Whole Fundamental Change,” in each case when due;

(6)              principal amount of the Notes then outstanding has been received to comply with any of ouris continuing, other agreements contained in the Notes or the Indenture;

(7)              default by us or any of our subsidiaries with respect to any mortgage, agreement or other instrument under which there may be outstanding, or by which there may be secured or evidenced, any indebtedness for money borrowed in excess of $5.0 million (or its foreign currency equivalent) in the aggregate of us and/or any such subsidiary, whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created (i) resulting in such indebtedness becoming or being declared due and payable or (ii) constituting a failure to pay the principal of any such indebtedness when due and payable at its stated maturity, upon required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise and, in the cases of clauses (i) and (ii) such acceleration shall not have been rescinded or annulled or such failure to pay or default shall not have been cured or waived, or such indebtedness is not paid or discharged, as the case may be, within 30 days of such acceleration or failure to pay, as applicable;

(8)              a final judgment or judgments for the payment of $5.0 million (or its foreign currency equivalent) or more (excluding any amounts covered by insurance) in the aggregate rendered against us or any of our subsidiaries, which judgment is not discharged, bonded, paid, waived or stayed within 60 days after (i) the date on which the right to appeal thereof has expired if no such appeal has commenced, or (ii) the date on which all rights to appeal have been extinguished; or

(9)              certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization of us or any of our significant subsidiaries, as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X.

Ifthan an event of default occurs and is continuing,specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee by notice to us, or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notesdebt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare 100%the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all the Notes to be due and payable. In case of certain eventseach issue of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving us, 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the Notes will automatically become due and payable. Upon such a declaration of acceleration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, willdebt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable immediately.

Notwithstandingwithout any notice or other action on the foregoing, the Indenture will provide that, to the extent we elect, the sole remedy for an event of default under the Indenture relating to our failure to comply with our obligations as set forth under “—Reports” below, will, for the first 270 days after the occurrence of such an event of default, consist exclusivelypart of the right to receive additional interest on the Notes at a rate equal to 0.25% per annum of the principal amount of the Notes outstanding for each day during the first 90 days after the occurrence of such an event of default and 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of the Notes outstanding from the 91st day to, and including, the 270th day following the occurrence of such an event of default during which such event of default is continuing (in addition totrustee or any additional interest that may accrue with respect to the Notes as a result of a registration default as described below under the caption “—No Registration Rights; Additional Interest”).

If we so elect, such additional interest will be payable in the same manner and on the same dates as the stated interest payable on the Notes. On the 271st day after such event of default (if the event of default relating to the reporting obligations is not cured or waived prior to such 271st day), the Notes will be subject to acceleration as provided above. The provisions of the Indenture described in this paragraph will not affect the rights of holders of Notes in the event of the occurrence of any other event of default under the Indenture. In the event we do not elect to pay the additional interest following an event of default in accordance with this paragraph or we elected to make such payment but do not pay the additional interest when due, the Notes will be immediately subject to acceleration as provided above.

In order to elect to pay the additional interest as the sole remedy during the first 270 days after the occurrence of an event of default relating to the failure to comply with the reporting obligations in accordance with the immediately preceding paragraph, we must notify in writing all holders of the Notes, the trustee and the paying agent of such election prior to the occurrence of such event of default. Upon our failure to timely give such notice, the Notes will be immediately subject to acceleration as provided above.

holder.


The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notesdebt securities of an affected series may waive all past defaultsany default or event of default with respect to the Notes (except with respect to nonpayment of principal or interest or with respect to the failure to deliver the consideration due upon conversion) and rescind any such acceleration with respect to the Notesseries and its consequences, if (i) rescission would not conflict with any judgmentexcept defaults or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction and (ii) all existing events of default other thanregarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the nonpaymentdefault or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.

Subject to the terms of the principal of and interest on the Notes that have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived.

Each holder shall have the right to receive payment or delivery, as the case may be, of:

·   the principal (including the fundamental change repurchase price,indenture, if applicable) of;

·   accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on; and

·   the consideration due upon conversion of,

its Notes, on or after the respective due dates expressed or provided for in the Indenture, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment or delivery, as the case may be, and such right to receive such payment or delivery, as the case may be, on or after such respective dates shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder.

If an event of default occursunder an indenture shall occur and isbe continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of theits rights or powers under the Indenturesuch indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the Notesapplicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered to the trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to the trustee against any loss, liability or expense. Except to enforce the right to receive payment of principal or interest when due, or the right to receive payment or delivery of the consideration due upon conversion, no holder may pursue any remedy with respect to the Indenture or the Notes unless:

(1)         such holder has previously given the trustee written notice that an event of default is continuing;

(2)         holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes have requested the trustee to pursue the remedy;

(3) such holders have offered the trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to the trustee against any loss, liability or expense;

(4)         the trustee has not complied with such request within 60 days after the receipt of the request and the offer of security or indemnity; and

(5)         thereasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notesdebt securities of any series will have not given the trustee a direction that, in the opinion of the trustee, is inconsistent with such request within such 60-day period.

Subject to certain restrictions, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes are given the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or of exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, underwith respect to the Indenture.

The Indenture providesdebt securities of that series, provided that:


the direction so given by the holder is not in the event an event of default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee will be required in the exercise of its powers to use the degree of care that a prudent person would use in the conduct of its own affairs. The trustee, however, may refuse to followconflict with any direction that conflicts with law or the applicable indenture; and
subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture or thatAct, the trustee determines isneed not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the rightsholders not involved in the proceeding.

A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indenture or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if:

the holder or that would involvehas given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;
the holders of at least 25% in personal liability. Prioraggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request;
such holders have offered to taking any action under the Indenture, the trustee will be entitled to indemnification or securityindemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense causedthe costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred by taking or not taking such action.

The Indenture provides that if a default occurs and is continuing and is actually known to the trustee in compliance with the request; and

the trustee must deliver to each holder noticedoes not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the defaultoutstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after it receivesthe notice, thereof. Except in the caserequest and offer.

These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of adebt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, ofpremium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.

We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indenture.



Modification of Indenture; Waiver

We and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any Noteholders with respect to specific matters:

to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture or in the debt securities of any series;
to comply with the provisions described above under “Description of Debt Securities-Consolidation, Merger or Sale;”
to provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities;
to add to our covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of debt securities, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default or to surrender any right or power conferred upon us in the paymentindenture;
to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the consideration due upon conversion, the trustee may withhold notice if and so long as it in good faith determinesindenture;
to make any change that withholding notice is indoes not adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series in any material respect;
to provide for the holders. issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided above under “Description of Debt Securities-General” to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities;
to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment under any indenture by a successor trustee; or
to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.

In addition, we are required to deliver tounder the indenture, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee within 120 days afterwith the end of each fiscal year, a certificate indicating whether the signers thereof know of any default that occurred during the previous year under the Indenture. We are also required to deliver to the trustee, within 30 days after the occurrence thereof, written notice of any events which would constitute certain defaults under the Indenture, their status and what action we are taking or proposing to take in respect thereof.

Payments of the fundamental change repurchase price, principal and interest that are not made when due will accrue interest per annum at the then-applicable interest rate from the required payment date.

Modification and Amendment

Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding (including without limitation, consents obtaineddebt securities of each series that is affected. However, unless we provide otherwise in connectionthe prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may make the following changes only with a repurchase of, or tender or exchange offer for, Notes) and, subject to certain exceptions, any past default or compliance with any provisions may be waived with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a repurchase of, or tender or exchange offer for, Notes). However, without the consent of each holder of anany outstanding Note affected, no amendment may, among other things:

(1)              reducedebt securities affected:


extending the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series;
reducing the principal amount, of Notes whose holders must consent to an amendment;

(2)              reducereducing the rate of or extendextending the stated time forof payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any series of any debt securities; or

reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver.

Discharge

Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to:

provide for payment;
register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series;
replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;
pay principal of and premium and interest on any Note;

(3)              reducedebt securities of the series;

maintain paying agencies;
hold monies for payment in trust;
recover excess money held by the trustee;
compensate and indemnify the trustee; and
appoint any successor trustee.



In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, or extend the stated maturity of any Note;

(4)              makepremium, if any, change that adversely affects the conversion rights of any Note;

(5)              reduce the fundamental change repurchase price of any Note or amend or modify in any manner adverse to the holders of the Notes our obligation to make such payments, whether through an amendment or waiver of provisions in the covenants, definitions or otherwise;

(6)              make any note payable in money or at a place of payment other than that stated in the Note;

(7)              change the ranking of the Notes;

(8)              impair the right of any holder to receive payment of principal and interest on, such holder’s Notesthe debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.


Form, Exchange and Transfer

We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indenture provides that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or afterpermanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on orapplicable prospectus supplement with respect to such holder’s Notes; or

(9)              makethat series. To the extent the debt securities of a series are issued in global form and as book-entry, a description of terms relating to any changebook-entry securities will be set forth in the amendment provisions that require each holder’s consent or inapplicable prospectus supplement.


At the waiver provisions.

Without the consent of any holder, we and the trustee may amend the Indenture to:

(1)              cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency that does not adversely affect holdersoption of the Notes;

(2)              provide for the assumption by a successor corporation of our obligations under the Indenture;

(3)              add guarantees with respect to the Notes;

(4)              secure the Notes;

(5)              add to our covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders or surrender any right or power conferred upon us under the Indenture;

(6)              make any other change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder, (for the avoidance of doubt, any amendment to conform the terms of the Indenture or the Notes to the description contained in the offering memorandum for the Primary Notes Offering, along with any pricing term sheet with respect thereto;

(7)              increase the conversion rate as provided in the Indenture;

(8)              provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee or facilitate the administration of the trusts under the Indenture by more than one trustee;

(9)              provide for the conversion of Notes in accordance with the terms of the Indenture;

(10)       in connection with any transaction described under “Conversion Rights—Recapitalizations, Reclassifications and Changes of Our Common Stock” above, provide that the Notes are convertible into reference property, subject to the provisions described under “Conversion Rights—Settlement upon Conversion” above, and make certain related changes to the terms of the Notesindenture and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.


Subject to the extent expresslyterms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the Indenture;

(11)       providesecurity registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will impose no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.


We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the issuancedebt securities of additional Noteseach series.

If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:

issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or
register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.

Information Concerning the Trustee

The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indenture at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.



We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.

All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

Governing Law

The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the termsinternal laws of the Indenture,State of New York, except to the extent that we deem such amendment necessary or advisable in connection with such issuance; provided that that no such amendment or supplement may impair the rights or interests of any holder of the outstanding Notes;

(12)       comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with the qualification of the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;Act of 1939 is applicable.


DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

The following description, together with the additional information that we include in any applicable prospectus supplement and in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be distributed to you, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, which may consist of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or

(13)       conform debt securities, and be issued in one or more series. Warrants may be offered independently or in combination with other securities offered by any prospectus supplement. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following description of warrants will apply to the warrants offered by this prospectus unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement for a particular series of warrants may specify different or additional terms.


We have filed forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants that may be offered as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, that contain the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering, and any supplemental agreements, before the issuance of such warrants. The following summaries of material terms and provisions of the warrants are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the Indentureform of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, and any supplemental agreements applicable to a particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement related to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as any provisionrelated free writing prospectuses, and the complete form of warrant and/or the warrant agreement and warrant certificate, as applicable, and any supplemental agreements, that contain the terms of the “Description of Notes” sectionwarrants.

General

We will describe in the offering memorandum and pricing term sheet forapplicable prospectus supplement the Primary Notes Offering.

Holders do not need to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment. It will be sufficient if such holders approve the substanceterms of the proposed amendment. After an amendment under series of warrants being offered, including:


the Indenture becomes effective, we are required to deliver to offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;
the holders a notice briefly describing such amendment. However,currency for which the failure to give such notice to allwarrants may be purchased;
if applicable, the holders, or any defect in the notice, will not impair or affect the validitydesignation and terms of the amendment.

Relationship to Primary Offering; Fungibilitysecurities with which the warrants are issued and the number of Affiliate Notes

The Affiliate Notes constitute part of the same series as the Primary Offering Notes offered in the Primary Offering, includingwarrants issued with respect to voting rights under the Indenture governing the Notes (except as forth below under “—Voting”). The Affiliate notes were issued in certificated form, were not initially fungible with the Primary Offering Notes and are subject to different transfer restrictions than the Primary Offering Notes.

Voting

In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregateeach such security or each principal amount of Notes have concurred in any direction, consent, waiver or other action under the Indenture, Notes that are owned by us, by any of our subsidiaries or by any person or entity directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with us or any of our subsidiaries and, as long as they are held by an affiliate of ours, the Affiliate Notes, shall be disregarded and deemed not to be outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purposes of determining whether the trustee shall be protected security;

in conclusively relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Notes (and Affiliate Notes) that a responsible officer of the trustee actually knows are so owned shall be disregarded.

Notes (and Affiliate Notes) so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as outstanding for such purposes if the pledgee shall establish its right to so act with respect to such Notes and that the pledgee is not us, one of our subsidiaries or a person or entity directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with us or on of our subsidiaries.

Discharge

We may satisfy and discharge our obligations under the Indenture by delivering to the securities registrar for cancellation all outstanding Notes or by depositing with the trustee or delivering to the holders, as applicable, after the Notes have become due and payable, whether at maturity, at any fundamental change repurchase date, upon conversion or otherwise, cash and/or (in the case of conversion)warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;



in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;
the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants;
the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;
any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;
the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;
the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified;
a discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations of holding or exercising the warrants;
the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and
any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.

Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including:

in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable sufficientindenture; or
in the case of warrants to paypurchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any.

Exercise of Warrants

Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. The warrants may be exercised as set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants offered. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants offered thereby. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.

Upon receipt of payment and the warrant or warrant certificate, as applicable, properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent, if any, or any other office, including ours, indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If less than all of the outstanding Notes and paying all other sums payable underwarrants (or the Indenturewarrants represented by us. Such discharge is subject to terms containedsuch warrant certificate) are exercised, a new warrant or a new warrant certificate, as applicable, will be issued for the remaining warrants.

Governing Law

Unless we otherwise specify in the Indenture.

Calculations in Respect ofapplicable prospectus supplement, the Notes

Except as otherwise provided above, we will be responsible for making all calculations called for under the Notes. These calculations include, but are not limited to, determinations of the stock price, the last reported sale prices of our common stock, accrued interest payable on the Notes and the conversion rate of the Notes. We will make all these calculations in good faith and, absent manifest error, our calculations will be final and binding on holders of Notes. We will provide a schedule of our calculations to each of the trustee, the paying agent and the conversion agent, and each of the trustee, the paying agent and the conversion agent is entitled to rely conclusively upon the accuracy of our calculations without independent verification. The trustee will forward our calculations to any holder of Notes upon the written request of that holder.

Reports

The Indenture provides that any documents or reports that we are required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any such information, documents or reports, or portions thereof, subject to confidential treatmentwarrants and any correspondence with the SEC) must be filed by us with the trustee within 15 days after the same are required to be filed with the SEC (giving effect to any grace period provided by Rule 12b-25 under the Exchange Act). Documents filed by us with the SEC via the EDGAR system will be deemed to be filed with the trustee as of the time such documents are filed via EDGAR, it being understood that the trustee shall not be responsible for determining whether such filings have been made. Delivery of reports, information and documents to the trustee under the Indenture is for informational purposes only and the information and the trustee’s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable from information contained therein including our compliance with any of its covenants thereunder (as to which the trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on an officer’s certificate).

Trustee

U.S. Bank National Association is the initial trustee, security registrar, paying agent and conversion agent. U.S. Bank National Association, in each of its capacities, including without limitation as trustee, security registrar, paying agent and conversion agent, assumes no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information concerning us or our affiliates or any other party contained in this document or the related documents or for any failure by us or any other party to disclose events that may have occurred and may affect the significance or accuracy of such information.

Governing Law

The Indenture provides that it and the Notes, and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to the Indenture or the Notes,warrant agreements will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.


Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants

Each warrant agent, if any, will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.

SELLING SECURITYHOLDER



LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES

We originallycan issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee, depositary or warrant agent maintain for this purpose as the “holders” of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as “indirect holders” of those securities. As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.

Book-Entry Holders

We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the Affiliate Notesapplicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers.

Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Securities issued in global form will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for securities issued in global form, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the Selling Securityholderdepositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities.

As a result, investors in a private placement completedbook-entry security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in August 2018.a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not holders, of the securities.

Street Name Holders

We may terminate a global security or issue securities in non-global form. In connectionthese cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in “street name.” Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution.

For securities held in street name, we will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not holders, of those securities.

Legal Holders

Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee and of any third parties employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form.



For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with depositary participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of the indenture or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only from the holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the holders contact the indirect holders is up to the holders.

Special Considerations For Indirect Holders

If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:

the performance of third party service providers;
how it handles securities payments and notices;
whether it imposes fees or charges;
how it would handle a request for the holders’ consent, if ever required;
whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that private placement, we agreedis permitted in the future;
how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to fileact to protect their interests; and
if the registration statement of which this prospectussecurities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters.

Global Securities

A global security is a partsecurity that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.

Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, DTC will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.

A global security may not be transferred to coveror registered in the resalename of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under the section titled “Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated” in this prospectus. As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a holder of the Affiliate Notessecurity, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security. If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued in global form only, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the sharesglobal security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.

Special Considerations For Global Securities

The rights of our common stock issuable upon conversionan indirect holder relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the Affiliate Notes. We have agreed to keep this registration statement effective until August 2020 or, if earlier, the date on which the Affiliate Notesinvestor’s financial institution and related shares of our common stock have been sold or may be sold without restriction or limitation under Rule 144 of the Securities Act.

The Selling Securityholderdepositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.




If securities are issued only in the form of a global security, an investor should be aware of the following:

an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below;
an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the securities, as we describe above;
an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some allinsurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form;
an investor may not be able to pledge his or noneher interest in a global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of its Affiliate Notes and shares of common stock intothe pledge in order for the pledge to be effective;
the depositary’s policies, which the Affiliate Notes are converted. The Affiliate Notes and underlying shares of common stock covered hereby may be offeredchange from time to time, bywill govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in a global security;
we and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the Selling Securityholder.

The following table sets forthdepositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in a global security, nor do we or any applicable trustee supervise the depositary in any way;

the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in a global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well; and
financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in a global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities.

There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the Selling Securityholder,actions of any of those intermediaries.

Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated

In a few special situations described below, the numberglobal security will terminate and percentageinterests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of our common stock beneficially ownedwhether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own name, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.

Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:

if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90 days;
if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or
if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived.

The applicable prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the Selling Securityholder asparticular series of December 3, 2018, the principal amount of Affiliate Notes and underlying shares of our common stock that may be offered under this prospectus, and the number and percentage of our common stock beneficially owned by the Selling Securityholder assuming all of the securities covered by thisthe applicable prospectus are sold. Beneficial ownershipsupplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and not we or any applicable trustee, is determined in accordance withresponsible for deciding the rulesnames of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to our common stock. Generally, a person “beneficially owns” shares of our common stock ifinstitutions that will be the person has or shares with others the right to vote those shares or to dispose of them, or if the person has the right to acquire voting or disposition rights within 60 days.

All information contained in the table below and the footnotes thereto is based upon information provided to us by the Selling Securityholder. The information in the table below and the footnotes thereto regarding shares of common stock to be beneficially owned after the offering assumes the sale of all securities being offered by the Selling Securityholder under this prospectus. The percentage of shares owned after the offering is based on 106,764,841 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 3, 2018. Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table, we believe that the Selling Securityholder named in this table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares of common stock indicated as beneficially owned.

 

 

 

 

 

 

After Offering

 

Name

 

Principal
Amount of
Affiliate Notes
that May be
Sold

 

Number of
Shares of
Common
Stock that
May be Sold
(1)

 

Principal
Amount of
Affiliate Notes
and Shares of
Common Stock
Issuable Under
Affiliate Notes

 

Percentage of
Common
Stock
Beneficially
Owned (2)

 

Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust dtd 4/4/11

 

$

5,000,000

 

990,099

 

 

5.06

%


(1)         Represents the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Affiliate Notes at an initial conversion rate of 180.0180 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Affiliate Notes.

(2)         The indicated ownership is based solely on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC by the reporting person on January 19, 2017, reporting beneficial ownership as of January 19, 2017 and consists of common stock held of record by Rodgers Massey Revocable Living Trust dtd 4/4/11, for which Mr. Rodgers and his spouse, Valeta Massey, serve as trustees and share joint voting and dispositive power. The Schedule 13G filed by the reporting person provides information only as of January 9, 2017, and, consequently, the beneficial ownership of the above-mentioned reporting person may have changed between January 9, 2017 and February 9, 2018. The address for the reporting persons is: 575 Eastview Way, Woodside, CA 94062.

Relationships with the Selling Securityholder

The Selling Securityholder is a member of our Board of Directors and also serves as a member of the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors.

direct holders.



PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION


We are registeringmay sell the Affiliate Notes issued to the Selling Securityholder, as well as the shares of common stock into which the Affiliate Notes may be converted (collectively, the “Securities”), to permit the resale of the Securities by the Selling Securityholdersecurities from time to time from afterpursuant to underwritten public offerings, direct sales to the datepublic, “at the market” offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of this prospectus.these methods. We will not receive any ofmay sell the proceeds from the sale by the Selling Securityholder of any of the Securities. We will bear all fees and expenses incidentsecurities to our obligationor through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to register the Securities.

The Selling Securityholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling the Securities:

·                       through broker-dealers or agents whopurchasers. We may receive compensationdistribute securities from time to time in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the Selling Securityholder or the purchasers of the Securities;

·                       privately negotiated transactions; or

·                       any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

The Selling Securityholder may also sell the Securities under Rule 144 under the Securities Act (if available and subject to the restrictions thereof) rather than under this prospectus.

Broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Securityholder may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Securityholder (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2440; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA IM-2440-1.

In connection with the sale of the Securities, the Selling Securityholder may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the shares of common stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The Selling Securityholder may also sell the shares of common stock issued upon the conversion of the Affiliate Notes short and deliver these securities to close out its short positions or to return borrowed shares in connection with such short sales, or loan or pledge the shares of common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The Selling Securityholder may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securitiestransactions:


at a fixed price or prices, which requiremay be changed;
at market prices prevailing at the deliverytime of sale;
at prices related to such broker-dealerprevailing market prices; or
at negotiated prices.

A prospectus supplement or supplements (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:

the name or names of the underwriters, if any;
the purchase price of the securities or other financial institutionconsideration therefor, and the proceeds, if any, we will receive from the sale;
any over-allotment or other options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;
any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents’ or underwriters’ compensation;
any public offering price;
any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and
any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.

Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the Securitiessecurities offered by thisthe prospectus which Securities such broker-dealer or other financial institutionsupplement.

If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell pursuantthe securities from time to this prospectus (as supplementedtime in one or amended to reflect such transaction).more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The foregoing provisions of this paragraph are subject, in each instance, to any further restrictions as may apply to the Selling Securityholder under any agreement between the Selling Securityholder and us.

The Selling Securityholder and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the Securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaningobligations of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such Selling Securityholder, broker-dealers or agents and any profit onunderwriters to purchase the resale of the Securities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. If the Selling Securityholder is deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act, itsecurities will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirementsconditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the Securities Actsecurities offered by the prospectus supplement, other than securities covered by any over-allotment or other option. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be subjectchange from time to certain statutory liabilities of, including but not limited to, Sections 11, 12 and 17 of the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 under the Exchange Act. The Selling Securityholder has informed us that he is nottime. We may use underwriters with whom we have a registered broker-dealer or an affiliate of a registered broker-dealer. In no event shall any broker-dealer receive fees, commissions and markups which,material relationship. We will describe in the aggregate, would exceed 8%.

prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.


We are requiredmay sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.

We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain feestypes of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and expenses incurred by us incidentdelivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the registrationcommissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the shares. prospectus supplement.

We have agreed to indemnify the Selling Securityholdermay provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against certain losses, claims, damages andcivil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the Selling Securityholderordinary course of business.



All securities we may offer, other than common stock, will be entitlednew issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to contribution.do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.

Any underwriter may be indemnifiedengage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price. Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the securities, either through exercise of the over-allotment option or in the open market after the distribution is completed, to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the Selling Securityholder against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities underdealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the Securities Act that may arise from any written information furnished to us by the Selling Securityholder specifically for use in this prospectus, or we may be entitled to contribution.

The Selling Securityholder will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirementsprice of the Securities Act including Rule 172 thereunder unless an exemption therefrom is available.

We agreed to cause the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part to remain effective until the earlier to occur of (i) the date that all Securities have been sold or can be sold publicly without restriction or limitation under Rule 144 (including, without limitation, the requirementsecurities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.


Any underwriters or agents that are qualified market makers on The Nasdaq Global Market may engage in compliance with Rule 144(c)(1)) or (ii) August 17, 2020. The Securities will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state securities laws. In addition, in certain states, the Securities covered hereby may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for salepassive market making transactions in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.

Under applicable rules and regulationscommon stock on The Nasdaq Global Market in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, any person engaged induring the distribution of the Securities may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the Securities for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M,business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the Selling Securityholder will be subject to applicable provisionsoffers or sales of the Exchange Actcommon stock. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the ruleshighest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, whichif commenced, may limitbe discontinued at any time.


In compliance with guidelines of the timingFinancial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the maximum consideration or discount to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker dealer may not exceed 8% of purchases and salesthe aggregate amount of any Securities by the Selling Securityholder or any other person. We will make copies ofsecurities offered pursuant to this prospectus available to the Selling Securityholder and have informed them of the need to deliver a copy of thisany applicable prospectus at or prior to the time of the sale (including by compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).

There can be no assurance that any Selling Securityholder will sell any or all of the Securities we registered on behalf of the Selling Securityholder pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

Once sold under the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, the Securities will be freely tradablesupplement.


LEGAL MATTERS

Unless otherwise indicated in the hands of persons other than our affiliates.

LEGAL MATTERS

Theapplicable prospectus supplement, Cooley LLP will pass upon the validity of the Securities beingsecurities offered hereby have been passed upon for us by Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP, New York, New York.

EXPERTSthis prospectus and any supplement thereto.


EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectusProspectus by reference from the company’sour Annual Report on Form 10-K,10 K, and the effectiveness of Enphase Energy Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which isreports incorporated herein by reference.reference (which reports (1) express an unqualified opinion on the consolidated financial statements and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the Company’s adoption of a new accounting standard and (2) express an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting). Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reportreports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.


WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We


This prospectus is part of the registration statement on Form S-3 we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, under the Securities Act and does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement or the exhibits to the reports or other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus for a copy of such contract, agreement or other document. Because we are subject to the information and reporting company andrequirements of the Exchange Act, we file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. We have filed with theOur SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act with respectfilings are available to the resale ofpublic over the common stock the Selling Securityholder is offering under this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and the common stock offered by the Selling Securityholder under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits filed as a part of the registration statement. You may read and copy the registration statement, as well as our reports, proxy statements and other information,Internet at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the public reference room. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including Enphase. The SEC’s Internet site can be found at www.sec.gov. We maintain a website at www.enphase.com. Information found on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus, and you should not consider it part of this prospectus.

http://www.sec.gov.



INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE


The SEC allows us to incorporate“incorporate by reference thereference” information from other documents that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document that we have filed separately with the SEC. You should read thethose documents. The information incorporated by reference because it is an importantconsidered to be part of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC prior to the date of this prospectus, while information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the information or documents listed below that we have filed with the SEC (Commission File No. 001-35480):

·


our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,2018, filed with the SEC on April 2, 2018;

·March 15, 2019;

the information specifically incorporated by reference ininto our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,2018 from our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, as amended, filed with the SEC on April 2, 2018;

·                  our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2018, as filed with the SEC on May 10, 2018, August 6, 2018 and November 6, 2018, respectively;

·4, 2019;

our Current ReportsReport on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 5, 2018, February 27, 2018, March 5, 2018, March 9, 2018, May 1, 2018, May 21, 2018, June 5, 2018, June 12, 2018, July 31, 2018, August 9, 2018 (as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto filed on October 23, 2018), August 16, 2018, August 17, 2018, October 1, 20186, 2019; and November 6, 2018 (except, with respect to each of the foregoing, for the portions of such reports which were deemed to be furnished and not filed); and

·

the description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on March 28, 2012, including any further amendments thereto or reports2012.

All filings filed forby us pursuant to the purposesExchange Act after the date of updatingthe initial filing of the registration statement of which this description.

prospectus is a part and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.


We also incorporate by reference any future filings (other than current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items unless such Form 8-K expressly provides to the contrary) made with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including those made after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to effectiveness of such registration statement, until we file a post-effective amendment that indicates the termination of the offering of the common stocksecurities made by this prospectus, and will become a part of this prospectus from the date that such documents are filed with the SEC. Information in such future filings updates and supplements the information provided in this prospectus. Any statements in any such future filings will automatically be deemed to modify and supersede any information in any document we previously filed with the SEC that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference to the extent that statements in the later filed document modify or replace such earlier statements.

We will furnish without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus, including exhibits that are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents.


You can request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address or telephone number:


Enphase Energy, Inc.

47281 Bayside Parkway

Pkwy

Fremont, CA 94538

(707) 774-7000

Attn: Legal Department




PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS



Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution


The following table sets forth an estimate of the estimated costsfees and expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by the registrantus in connection with the Affiliate Notesissuance and related sharesdistribution of common stockthe securities being registered. The Selling Securityholder will not bear any portion of such expenses. All of the amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee.

 

 

Amount

 

SEC registration fee

 

$

606

 

Accounting fees and expenses

 

$

5,000

 

Legal fees and expenses

 

$

5,000

 

Printing and miscellaneous fees and expenses

 

$

1,000

 

Total

 

$

11,606

 


  Amount
SEC registration fee $12,120
Nasdaq Global Market listing fee  *
Accounting fees and expenses  *
Legal fees and expenses  *
Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses  *
Printing and miscellaneous fees and expenses  *
Total $*

*These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the estimated amount of expenses of any offering of securities.

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers


We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law authorizes a court to award, or a corporation’s board of directors to grant, indemnity to directors and officers under certain circumstances and subject to certain limitations. The registrant’sterms of Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law are sufficiently broad to permit indemnification under certain circumstances for liabilities, including reimbursement of expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act.

As permitted by Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation contains provisions permitted under Delaware law relatingincludes a provision that eliminates, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the personal liability of directors. These provisions eliminate a director’s personal liabilitydirector for monetary damages resulting from a breach of his fiduciary duty except in circumstances involving wrongful acts, such as:

·                       any breach ofas a director. As permitted by the director’s duty of loyaltyDelaware General Corporation Law, our bylaws provide that:


we are required to indemnify our directors and officers to the registrant or its stockholders;

·                       any act or omission notfullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law;

we may indemnify our other employees and agents as provided in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct orindemnification contracts entered into between us and our employees and agents;
we are required to advance expenses, as incurred, to our directors and officers in connection with a knowing violation oflegal proceeding to the law;

·                       any act related to unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other distribution or payments of dividends; or

·                       any transaction from whichfullest extent permitted by the director derived an improper personal benefit.

These provisions do not limit or eliminate Delaware General Corporation Law; and

the registrant’s rights or any stockholder’s rights to seek non-monetary relief, such as an injunction or rescission,conferred in the eventbylaws are not exclusive.

Our policy is to enter into separate indemnification agreements with each of a breach of a director’s fiduciary duty. These provisions will not alter a director’s liability under federal securities laws.

As permittedour directors and officers that provide the maximum indemnity allowed to directors and executive officers by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law the registrant’s bylaws require the registrant to indemnify its directors and executive officers to the fullest extent not prohibited by the Delaware law. The registrant may expand the extent of such indemnification by individual contracts with the registrant’s directors and executive officers. Further, the registrant may decline to indemnify any director or executive officer in connection with any proceeding initiated by such person or any proceeding by such person against the registrant or its directors, officers, employees or other agents, unless such indemnification is expressly required to be made by law or the proceeding was authorized by the registrant’s board of directors.

The registrant has entered into indemnity agreements with each of its current directors and its executive officers to give such directors and officers additional contractual assurances regarding the scope of the indemnification set forth in the registrant’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws and toalso provide for certain additional procedural protections. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of the registrant’s directors, officers or employeesWe currently carry liability insurance for which indemnification is sought, nor is the registrant aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.

The registrant has the power to indemnify its other officers, employees and other agents, as permitted by Delaware law, but the registrant is not required to do so.

The registrant has aour directors and officers insuranceofficers.


These indemnification provisions and registrant reimbursement policy. The policy insures the registrant’s directorsindemnification agreements entered into between us and officers against unindemnified losses arising from certain wrongful acts in their capacities as directors andour officers and reimbursesdirectors may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of our officers and directors for liabilities (including reimbursement of expenses incurred) arising under the registrant for those losses for which the registrant has lawfully indemnified the directors and officers. Securities Act.



The policy contains various exclusions, none of which apply to any offerings pursuant to this registration statement.

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Table of Contents

The registration rightsunderwriting agreement that the registrant enteredRegistrant may enter into with(Exhibit 1.1) may provide for indemnification by any underwriters of the Selling Securityholder identified inRegistrant, its directors, its officers who sign the prospectus included in this registration statement provides for cross-indemnification in connection with registration ofand the registrant’s common stock on behalf of the Selling Securityholder, includingcontrolling persons for some liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.


Item 16. Exhibits


    Incorporation By Reference Filed
Exhibit Description Form SEC File No. Exhibit Filing Date Herewith
1.1* Form of Underwriting Agreement          
3.1  8-K 001-35480 3.1 4/6/2012  
3.2  10-Q 001-35480 3.1 8/9/2017  
3.3  10-Q 001-35480 2.1 8/6/2018  
3.3  S-1/A 333-174925 3.5 3/12/2012  
4.1  S-1 333-174925 4.1 3/12/2012  
4.2* Specimen Preferred Stock Certificate and Form of Certificate of Designation of Preferred Stock          
4.3          
4.4* Form of Debt Securities          
4.5          
4.6          
4.7          
5.1          
23.1          
23.2          
24.1          
25.1** Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Debt Indenture          

Exhibit
Number

Description of Document

4.1

Indenture, dated August 17, 2018, between Enphase Energy, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (1)

*

To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference, if applicable.

4.2

**

Form of 4.00% Convertible Senior Note due 2023 (included in Exhibit 4.1) (2)

4.3

Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Enphase Energy, Inc. (3)

4.4

Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 14, 1018, by and between Enphase Energy, Inc. and the Rodgers Massey Revocable Trust dtd 4/4/11 (4)

5.1+

Opinion of Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP

23.1+

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

23.2+

Consent of Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)

24.1+

Power of Attorney is contained on the signature pages

To be filed separately under electronic form type 305B2, if applicable.



+            Filed herewith.

(1)              Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35480), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 17, 2018, and incorporated by reference herein.

(2)              Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35480), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 17, 2018, and incorporated by reference herein.

(3)              Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-174925), and incorporated herein by reference.

(4)              Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35480), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 17, 2018, and incorporated by reference herein.

Item 17. Undertakings


The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:


(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:


(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;




(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

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(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;


provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.


(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.


(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.


(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:


(i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and


(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.


(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, if the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

(6) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:


(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;



(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(6) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Sectionsection 13(a) or Sectionsection 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.


(7) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933:

(i) the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of the registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(l) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be a part of the registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and

(ii) each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(8) To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Fremont, State of California, on December 13, 2018.

April 3, 2019.

ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

ENPHASE ENERGY, INC.

By:

By:

/s/ ERIC BRANDERIZ

Eric Branderiz

Vice President and Chief Financial Officer



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POWER OF ATTORNEY


KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman and Eric Branderiz, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with the full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place or stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Registration Statement (including post-effective amendments), and to sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by this Registration Statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act, and all post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their his or herhis substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statementregistration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

indicated.

Signatures

Title

Date

Signature

TitleDate
/s/BADRINARAYANAN KOTHANDARAMAN

President and Chief Executive Officer and Director


(Principal Executive Officer)

December 13, 2018

April 3, 2019

Badrinarayanan Kothandaraman

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ ERIC BRANDERIZ

Vice President and Chief Financial Officer


(Principal Financial Officer)

December 13, 2018

April 3, 2019

Eric Branderiz

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/ MANDY YANG

Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
April 3, 2019
Mandy Yang
/s/ STEVEN J. GOMODirectorApril 3, 2019
Steven J. Gomo
/s/ BENJAMIN KORTLANGDirectorApril 3, 2019
Benjamin Kortlang
/s/ RICHARD MORADirectorApril 3, 2019
Richard Mora
/s/ THURMAN JOHN RODGERS

Director

December 13, 2018

April 3, 2019

Thurman John Rodgers

/s/ STEVEN J. GOMO

Director

December 13, 2018

Steven J. Gomo

/s/ BENJAMIN KORTLANG

Director

December 13, 2018

Benjamin Kortlang

/s/ RICHARD S. MORA

Director

December 13, 2018

Richard S. Mora




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