As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 29, 2018April 9, 2024

RegistrationNo. 333-     

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORMS-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

REGULUS THERAPEUTICS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware 26-4738379

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

10614 Science Center Drive4224 Campus Point Court, Suite 210

San Diego, California 92121

(858)202-6300

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Joseph P. Hagan

President and Chief Executive Officer

Regulus Therapeutics Inc.

10614 Science Center Drive4224 Campus Point Court, Suite 210

San Diego, California 92121

(858)202-6300

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copy to:

Thomas A. Coll, Esq.

Kenneth J. Rollins,Asa M. Henin, Esq.

Cooley LLP

4401 Eastgate Mall10265 Science Center Drive

San Diego, California 92121

(858)550-6000

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective, as determined by registrant.effective.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, anon-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” or “emerging growth company” in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

 ☐Accelerated filer☒

Non-accelerated filer

 ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

☒

  

Smaller reporting company

 ☐☒
   

Emerging growth company

 ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

Title of Each Class of
Securities to be Registered (1)		 Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price (2)		 Amount of
Registration Fee (3)

Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

 —   —  

Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share

 —   —  

Warrants

 —   —  

Debt Securities

 —   —  

Total

 $150,000,000 $18,675

 

 

(1)There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities, as may be sold by the registrant from time to time, which together shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $150,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $150,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The proposed maximum offering price of the securities will be determined, from time to time, by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder. The securities registered hereunder also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred stock or debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any of such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.
(2)The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of FormS-3 under the Securities Act.
(3)Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act.

The registrant hereby amends this registration statementRegistration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment thatwhich specifically states that this registration statementRegistration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statementthe Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. WeThe selling stockholders may not sell or accept an offer to buy thethese securities under this prospectus until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdictionstate where suchthe offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JANUARY 29, 2018APRIL 9, 2024

PROSPECTUS

$150,000,000LOGO

LOGO

COMMON STOCK

PREFERRED STOCK

WARRANTS

DEBT SECURITIES62,500,167 shares of Common Stock

 

 

From time to time, we may sellThis prospectus covers the offer and resale by the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus of up to an aggregate of $150,000,00062,500,167 shares of our common stock, which includes 17,391,500 shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion of our Class A-6 convertible preferred stock. An aggregate of 45,108,667 shares of our common stock and 173,915 shares of our non-voting Class A-6 convertible preferred stock debt securities or warrants(convertible into 17,391,500 shares of our common stock) were sold to purchasethe selling stockholders in a private placement that closed on March 14, 2024 (the “Private Placement”).

We are not selling any shares of these securities, either individually or in combination with other securities. We may also offer common stock under this prospectus and will not receive any proceeds from the sale by the selling stockholders of such shares.

Sales of the shares by the selling stockholders may occur at fixed prices, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or preferred stock upon conversionat negotiated prices. The selling stockholders may sell shares to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, who may receive compensation in the form of debt securities,discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling stockholders, the purchasers of the shares, or both.

We are paying the cost of registering the shares of common stock upon conversioncovered by this prospectus as well as various related expenses. The selling stockholders are responsible for all selling commissions, transfer taxes and other costs related to the offer and sale of preferred stock, or common stock, preferred stock or debt securities upon the exercise of warrants. We will specify in an accompanying prospectus supplement the terms of any offering.their shares.

Our common stock is listed on theThe Nasdaq GlobalCapital Market under the symbol “RGLS.” On January 26, 2018,April 8, 2024, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market was $1.34$2.67 per share. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to other listings, if any, on the Nasdaq Global Market or other securities exchange of the securities covered by the prospectus supplement.

Our principal executive offices are located at 10614 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and our telephone number at that address is (858)202-6300.

You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement carefully before you invest.

Investing in our securitiescommon stock involves a high degree of risk. SeeBefore making an investment decision, please read the information under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 24 of this prospectus and as updatedunder similar headings in our future filings madeany amendment or supplement to this prospectus or in any filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission that areis incorporated by reference into this prospectus.herein.

This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

The securities may be sold directly by us to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers, on a continuous or delayed basis. For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus and in the applicable prospectus supplement. If any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such agents or underwriters and any applicable fees, commissions, discounts and options to purchase additional securities will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds that we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange CommissionSEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this is prospectus is     , 2018.2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

  Pageii 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

ii

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

   1 

RISK FACTORS

   2

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

2

THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

3

RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

54 

USE OF PROCEEDS

   65 

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCKSELLING STOCKHOLDERS

   7

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

11

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

13

LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES

206 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

   2312

EXPERTS

15 

LEGAL MATTERS

   25

EXPERTS

2515 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MOREADDITIONAL INFORMATION

   2515 

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

   2515 

i

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), using a “shelf” registration process. Under this registration statement, the selling stockholders may sell from time to time in one or more offerings the common stock described in this prospectus.

We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different fromother than the information contained inthat we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and your reliance on any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give anyunauthorized information or to represent anything not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you.representation is at your own risk. This prospectus is an offer to sellmay be used only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so.offers and sales of these securities are permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front of the documentthis prospectus and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, or any sale of our common stock. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may have changed since those dates.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

i

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on FormS-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $150,000,000 of common stock, preferred stock, warrants and/or debt securities. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer any type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain more specific information about the terms of those securities. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. We may also add, update or change in the prospectus supplement (and in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) any of the information contained in this prospectus or inincluding the documents that we incorporate by reference herein and therein, contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements relate to future events or to our future operating or financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties. As such, our actual results may differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date they were made, and while we believe such information formed a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

We discuss many of these risks in greater detail under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and in the “Risk Factors,” “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We urgefrom our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended subsequent to our filing of such Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as any amendments thereto reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC.

Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of the document containing the applicable statement. Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or

revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events or developments. Thus, you to carefullyshould not assume that our silence over time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. You should read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement, together with the documents that we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated by reference and any related free writing prospectus togetherwe have authorized for use in connection with this offering, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of the forward-looking statements in the foregoing documents by these cautionary statements.

ii

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights certain information about us, the Private Placement and selected information contained elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making an investment decision. For a more complete understanding of our company, you should read and consider carefully the more detailed information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, including the factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4 of this prospectus, as well as the information incorporated herein by reference, before making an investment decision.

Unless otherwise stated, all references in this prospectus to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Regulus,” the “Company” and similar designations refer to Regulus Therapeutics Inc.

Company Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing first-in-class drugs targeting microRNAs to treat diseases with significant unmet medical need. We were formed in 2007 when Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. contributed significant intellectual property, know-how and financial and human capital to pursue the development of drugs targeting microRNAs pursuant to a license and collaboration agreement. We are currently focused on orphan kidney diseases where microRNA genetic drivers are implicated and there are clear unmet medical needs.

Company Information

We were originally formed as describeda limited liability company under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information”name Regulus Therapeutics LLC in the State of Delaware in September 2007. In January 2009, we converted Regulus Therapeutics LLC to a Delaware corporation and “Incorporation by Reference” before buying anychanged our name to Regulus Therapeutics Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 4224 Campus Point Court, Suite 210, San Diego, California 92121, our telephone number is (858) 202-6300 and our website address is www.regulusrx.com. The information contained in or accessible through our website does not constitute part of the securities being offered.this prospectus.

The Regulus Therapeutics logo is a trademark of Regulus Therapeutics Inc. We use “Regulus Therapeutics” as a trademark in the United States and other countries andcountries. We have registered this trademark in the United States. We use “microMarkers” as a servicemark inStates, the United StatesEuropean Union and other countries and have registered this servicemark in the United States.Switzerland. This prospectus contains references to our trademarks and to trademarks belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus, including logos, artwork and other visual displays, may appear without the ® or ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

Private Placement

ii

SUMMARY

The following summary highlights information contained elsewhereOn March 11, 2024, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with the selling stockholders named in this prospectus, or incorporated by reference herein and does not contain all the information that may be important to purchasers of our securities. You should carefully read this prospectus, all documents incorporated by reference, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and the additional information described under the caption “Where You Can Find More Information,” on page 25, before buying any of the securities being offered.

Company Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developingfirst-in-class drugs targeting microRNAs to treat diseases with significant unmet medical need. We were formed in 2007 when Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. contributed significant intellectual property,know-how and financial and human capital to pursue the development of drugs targeting microRNAs pursuant to which we sold and issued the following securities to the selling stockholders in a license and collaboration agreement. Our two lead product candidates,RG-012 and RGLS4326, are currently in clinical development.RG-012 is ananti-miR targetingmiR-21 for the treatment of Alport syndrome, a life-threatening kidney disease with no approved therapy available. RGLS4326 is ananti-miR targetingmiR-17 for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. In addition to these programs, we continue to develop a pipeline of preclinical drug product candidates.

microRNAs are naturally occurring ribonucleic acid, or RNA, molecules that play a critical role in regulating key biological pathways. Scientific research has shown that an imbalance, or dysregulation, of microRNAs is directly linked to many diseases. Furthermore, many different infectious pathogens interact and bind to host microRNA to survive. To date, over 500 microRNAs have been identified in humans, each ofprivate placement transaction (the “Private Placement”) which can bind to multiple messenger RNAs that control key aspects of cell biology. Since many diseases are multi-factorial, involving multiple targets and pathways, the ability to modulate multiple pathways by targeting a single microRNA provides a new therapeutic approach for treating complex diseases.

We believe we have assembled the leading position in the microRNA field, including expertise in microRNA biology and oligonucleotide chemistry, a broad intellectual property estate, relationships with key opinion leaders and a disciplined drug discovery and development process. We are using our microRNA expertise to develop chemically modified, single-stranded oligonucleotides that we call anti-miRs to modulate microRNAs and address underlying disease. We believe microRNAs may play a critical role in complex disease and that targeting them with anti-miRs may become a source of a new and major class of drugs with broad therapeutic application, much like small molecules, biologics and monoclonal antibodies.

Corporate Information

We were originally formed as a limited liability company under the name Regulus Therapeutics LLC in the State of Delaware in September 2007. In January 2009, we converted Regulus Therapeutics LLC to a Delaware corporation and changed our name to Regulus Therapeutics Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 10614 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, our telephone number is (858)202-6300 and our website address is www.regulusrx.com. The information contained in or accessible through our website does not constitute part of this prospectus.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves risks. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific risks discussed under “Risk Factors” in any applicable prospectus supplement and in our filings with the SEC incorporated by reference in this prospectus, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The risks and uncertainties described in any applicable prospectus supplement and in our SEC filings are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently see as immaterial, may also harm our business. If any of the risks or uncertainties described in any applicable prospectus supplement or our SEC filings or any such additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the market value and/or trading price, as applicable, of our securities could decline, and you might lose all or part of your investment.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, including the documents that we incorporate by reference herein and therein, contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified as such because the context of the statement will include words such as “may,” “will,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “likely,” or “opportunity,” the negative of these words or words of similar import. Similarly, statements that describe our future plans, strategies, intentions, expectations, objectives, goals or prospects are also forward-looking statements. Discussions containing these forward-looking statements may be found, among other places, in the “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections incorporated by reference from our most recent Annual Reportclosed on Form10-K and our Quarterly Reports on Form10-Q for the quarterly periods ended subsequent to our filing of such Annual Report on Form10-K, as well as any amendments thereto reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC. These forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations and projections about future events and future trends affecting our business, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties include, among others, those noted in “Risk Factors” above and in any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, and those included in the documents that we incorporate by reference herein and therein.

In addition, past financial and/or operating performance is not necessarily a reliable indicator of future performance, and you should not use our historical performance to anticipate results or future period trends. We can give no assurances that any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will occur or, if any of them do, what impact they will have on our results of operations and financial condition. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly revise our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the filing of this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, or documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, that include forward-looking statements.

THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

We may offer and sellMarch 14, 2024: (i) 45,108,667 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $1.60 per share of common stock, and (ii) 173,915 shares of our non-voting Class A-6 convertible preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants to purchase anyin lieu of these securities, either individually or in combination with other securities, withshares of our common stock, at a total offering price of $160.00 per share. The total purchase price paid by the selling stockholders at the closing was approximately $100.0 million. Each share of non-voting Class A-6 convertible preferred stock is convertible into 100 shares of our common stock, subject to certain beneficial ownership conversion limitations.

1

Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we agreed to prepare and file, within 30 days after the closing of the Private Placement, one or more registration statements with the SEC to register for resale the shares of our common stock issued under the Purchase Agreement and the shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the non-voting Class A-6 convertible preferred stock issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and generally to cause the applicable registration statements to become effective within 90 days after the closing.

2

The Offering

Common stock offered by the selling stockholders

62,500,167 shares(1)

Terms of the offering

Each selling stockholder will determine when and how it will sell the common stock offered in this prospectus, as described in “Plan of Distribution.”

Use of proceeds

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock covered by this prospectus.

Risk factors

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4, for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock.

Nasdaq Capital Market symbol

RGLS

(1)

Includes 17,391,500 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of an aggregate of 173,915 shares of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by the selling stockholders named in this prospectus.

The selling stockholders named in this prospectus may offer and sell up to $150,000,000, from time to time62,500,167 shares of our common stock. Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “RGLS.” Shares of our common stock that may be offered under this prospectus at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions atare, or in the timecase of offering. We may also offer common stock orshares underlying the Class A-6 convertible preferred stock, upon conversion thereof in accordance with the Certificate of debt securities,Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class A-6 Convertible Preferred Stock, will be fully paid and non-assessable. We will not receive any of the proceeds of sales by the selling stockholders of any of the common stock covered by this prospectus. Throughout this prospectus, when we refer to the shares of our common stock being registered on behalf of the selling stockholders for offer and resale, we are referring to the shares of common stock that have been issued to the selling stockholders and the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Class A-6 convertible preferred stock or common stock, preferred stock or debt securities uponissued in the exercise of warrants. This prospectus provides you with a general description ofPrivate Placement as described above. When we refer to the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities.

A prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you also may add, update or change information containedselling stockholders in this prospectus, or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and describedare referring to the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness ofand, as applicable, their permitted transferees or other successors-in-interest that may be identified in a supplement to this prospectus or, if required, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

This

3

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, as well any amendment or updates to our risk factors reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC, including any applicable prospectus supplement. Our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these risks, and you may not be used to consummate a sale of any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

We may sell the securities directly to investors or to or through agents, underwriters or dealers. We, and our agents or underwriters, reserve the right to accept or rejectlose all or part of any proposed purchase of securities. If we do offer securities through agents or underwriters, we will include in the applicable prospectus supplement:

the name of those agents or underwriters;

applicable fees, discounts and commissions to be paid to them;

details regarding options to purchase additional securities, if any; and

the net proceeds to us.

Common Stock.We may issue shares of our common stock from time to time. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Subject to any preferences of any of our preferred stock that may be outstanding, holders of our common stock are entitled to dividends when and if declared by our board of directors. Subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding preferred stock, in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in the assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding preferred stock. Our common stock does not carry any preemptive rights enabling a holder to subscribe for, or receive shares of, any class of our common stock or any other securities convertible into shares of any class of our common stock, or any redemption rights.

Preferred Stock.We may issue shares of our preferred stock from time to time, in one or more series. Our board of directors will determine the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the preferred stock, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, preemptive rights, terms of redemption or repurchase, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series. Convertible preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock or exchangeable for other securities. Conversion may be mandatory or at your option and would be at prescribed conversion rates.

If we sell any series of preferred stock under this prospectus, we will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of such series of preferred stock, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock that we are

offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred stock. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of preferred stock being offered, as well as the complete certificate of designation that contains the terms of the applicable series of preferred stock.

Warrants. We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series, from time to time. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities offered under thisinvestment. This prospectus and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the particular series of warrants being offered, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we issue. Warrants may be issued under an applicable warrant agreement that we enter into with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent, if applicable, in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of warrants being offered. Forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will bedocuments incorporated herein by reference also contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from reports that we file withthose anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the SEC.risks mentioned elsewhere in this prospectus. For more information, see the section entitled “Where You Can Find Additional Information.” Please also read carefully the section entitled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Debt Securities.We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. The senior debt securities will rank equally with any other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner described in the instrument governing the debt, to all of our senior indebtedness. Convertible debt securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or other securities. Conversion may be mandatory or at your option and would be at prescribed conversion rates.

The debt securities will be issued under one or more documents called indentures, which are contracts between us and a national banking association or other eligible party, as trustee. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the debt securities. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of debt securities being offered, as well as the complete indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. Forms of indentures have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC.4

RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

If we offer preference equity securities or debt securities under this prospectus, then we will, at that time, provide a ratio of earnings to fixed charges and/or ratio of combined fixed charges and preference dividends to earnings, respectively, in the applicable prospectus supplement for such offering.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless otherwise provided inWe will not receive any applicable prospectus supplement, we intend to useof the net proceeds from the sale of securities under this prospectus for general corporate purposes, including clinical development of our clinical candidates, development of our earlier microRNA development candidates and programs, the identification and validation of additional microRNA targets, and for capital expenditures, debt repayment, working capital andor other general corporate purposes. We may also use a portiondisposition of the net proceeds from any offering under this prospectus toin-license, acquire or invest in complementary microRNA businesses, technologies, products or assets. However, we have no current commitments or obligations to do so. We may set forth additional information on the use of proceeds from the sale of our securities we offer under this prospectus in a prospectus supplement relating to the specific offering.

We cannot currently allocate specific percentages of the net proceeds that we may use for the purposes specified above. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds. Pending their use, we current plan to invest the net proceeds from the sale of any securities under this prospectus in short- and intermediate-term, interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

General

As of the date of this prospectus, our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share.

The following summary describes the material terms of our capital stock. The description of capital stock is qualified by reference to our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, which are incorporated by reference as exhibits into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Common Stock

Voting. Our common stock is entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of directors, and does not have cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock entitledheld by the selling stockholders pursuant to votethis prospectus. We will bear the out-of-pocket costs, expenses and fees incurred in any electionconnection with the registration of directors can electshares of our common stock to be sold by the selling stockholders pursuant to this prospectus. Other than registration expenses, the selling stockholders will bear underwriting discounts, commissions, placement agent fees or other similar expenses payable with respect to sales of shares of our common stock.

5

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

The selling stockholders may sell some, all or none of their shares. We do not know how long the selling stockholders will hold the shares before selling them, and we currently have no agreements, arrangements or understandings with the selling stockholders regarding the sale or other disposition of any of the directors standing for election.

Dividends. Subject to preferences thatshares. The shares covered hereby may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declaredoffered from time to time by the selling stockholders. As a result, we cannot estimate the number of shares of common stock each of the selling stockholders will beneficially own after termination of sales under this prospectus. In addition, each of the selling stockholders may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of all or a portion of its shares of common stock since the date on which it provided information for this table.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to our board of directors out of legally available funds.

Liquidation. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holderscommon stock. Generally, a person “beneficially owns” shares of our common stock will be entitledif the person has or shares with others the right to share ratablyvote those shares or to dispose of them, or if the person has the right to acquire voting or disposition rights within 60 days.

The information in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders aftertable below and the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities, subject to the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock.

Rights and Preferences. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.

Fully Paid and Nonassessable. All of our outstanding shares of common stock are, and anyfootnotes thereto regarding shares of common stock to be issuedbeneficially owned after the offering assumes the sale of all shares being offered by us in an offeringthe selling stockholders under this prospectus will be, fully paid and nonassessable.

Preferred Stock

Under our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors hasprospectus. For the authority, without further action byselling stockholders to designate up to 10,000,000who are selling shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock, in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications and restrictions granted to or imposedpercentage of shares owned after the offering is based on 65,465,251 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2024 plus the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of theClass A-6 convertible preferred stock including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, rightsheld by such selling stockholder. This information has been obtained from the selling stockholders or in Schedules 13G or 13D and terms of redemption, liquidation preferenceother public documents filed with the SEC. Unless otherwise indicated, the address for the persons and sinking fund terms, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of our common stock.

We will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of the preferred stock of each series we issue under this prospectus, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof,entities listed in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibittable below is c/o Regulus Therapeutics Inc., 4224 Campus Point Court, Suite 210, San Diego, CA 92121.

      After Offering 

Name and Address(1)

  Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned		  Number of
Shares
Offered(2)		  Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned(2)		  Percentage
of Shares
Beneficially
Owned		 

Federated Hermes Kaufmann
Funds

   13,031,263(3)   15,625,076(4)   6,819,690(5)   9.99% 

4000 Ericsson Drive

Warrendale, PA 15086-7561

     

Deep Track Biotechnology Master Fund Ltd

   6,906,741(6)   9,375,066(7)   —    —  

200 Greenwich Ave, 3rd Floor, Greenwich,

CT 06830

     

Entities affiliated with Octagon
Investments Master Fund LP

   6,551,266(8)   9,375,002(9)   —    —  

654 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor

New York, NY 10065

     

RA Capital Management, L.P.

   6,250,000(10)   6,250,000(10)   —    —  

200 Berkeley Street, 18th Floor, Boston,

MA 02116

     

Entities affiliated with New Enterprise Associates, Inc.

   6,551,266(11)   6,250,023(12)   11,286,072(13)   9.99% 

1954 Greenspring Dr., Suite 600

Timonium, Maryland 21093

     

Vivo Opportunity Fund Holdings,
L.P.

   5,000,000(14)   5,000,000(14)   —    —  

192 Lytton Avenue

Palo Alto, CA 94301

     

6

      After Offering 

Name and Address(1)

  Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned		  Number of
Shares
Offered(2)		  Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned(2)		   Percentage
of Shares
Beneficially
Owned		 

Entities affiliated with Adage Capital Advisors, L.L.C.

   3,737,417(15)   3,125,000(16)   612,417    *% 

200 Clarendon Street, 52nd Floor

Boston, MA 02116

      

Soleus Capital Master Fund L.P.

   1,562,500(17)   1,562,500(17)   —     —  

104 Field Point Road, 2nd Floor

Greenwich, CT 06830

      

CVI Investments, Inc.

   1,703,249(18)   1,406,250(19)   296,999    *% 

c/o Heights Capital Management, Inc.

101 California Street, Suite 3250

San Francisco, CA 94111

      

Alyeska Master Fund L.P.

   937,500(20)   937,500(20)   —     —  

77 W. Wacker, Suite 700

Chicago, IL 60601

      

Woodline Master Fund LP

   937,500(21)   937,500(21)   —     —  

4 Embarcadero Center, Suite 3450

San Francisco, CA 94111

      

Entities affiliated with DAFNA

   1,736,049(22)   625,000(23)   1,111,049    1.70% 

10990 Wilshire Blvd. Ste. 1400

Los Angeles, CA 90024

      

Entities affiliated with Monashee Investment Management, LLC

   625,000(24)   625,000(24)   —     —  

75 Park Plaza, 4th Floor

Boston, MA 02116

      

Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd.

   625,000(25)   625,000(25)   —     —  

c/o Hudson Bay Capital Management LP

28 Havemeyer Place, 2nd Floor

Greenwich, CT 06830

      

AuGC Biofund LP

   302,947(26)   218,750(27)   84,197    *% 

10875 Kemah Lane

San Diego, CA 92131

      

Stelios Papadopoulos, Ph.D.

   927,413(28)   250,000(29)   677,413    1.03% 

Noam Rubinstein

   212,520(30)   156,250(31)   56,270    *% 

c/o H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

430 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10022

      

Srinivas Akkaraju

   125,000(32)   125,000(32)   —     —  

Richard E. Gormley

   114,165(33)   31,250(34)   67,190    *% 

c/o H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

430 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10022

      

*

Less than one percent.

(1)

If required, information about other selling stockholders, except for any future transferees, pledgees, donees or successors of the selling stockholders named in the table above, will be set forth in a prospectus supplement or amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Additionally, post-effective amendments to the registration statement will be filed to disclose any material changes to the plan of distribution from the description contained in this prospectus.

(2)

Assumes sale of all shares available for sale under this prospectus and no further acquisitions of shares by the selling stockholders.

7

(3)

Consists of an aggregate of 13,027,584 shares of common stock and 3,679 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A-4 convertible preferred stock held collectively by (i) Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund, a portfolio of Federated Hermes Equity Funds (“Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund”), (ii) Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund, a portfolio of Federated Hermes Equity Funds (“Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund”), and (iii) Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund II, a portfolio of Federated Hermes Insurance Series (“Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund II” and, collectively with the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund and the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund, the “Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds”). The number of shares beneficially owned by the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds in the aggregate is limited by a beneficial ownership limitation applicable to shares of nonvoting Class A-4 convertible preferred stock held by the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds, which limit the number of shares the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds can beneficially own upon conversion of the Class A-4 convertible preferred stock to a maximum of 19.90% of our outstanding common stock, a beneficial ownership limitation applicable to shares of nonvoting Class A-5 convertible preferred stock held by the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds, which limit the number of shares the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds can beneficially own upon conversion of the Class A-5 convertible preferred stock to a maximum of 9.99% of our outstanding common stock and a beneficial ownership limitation applicable to shares of our nonvoting Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds, which limit the shares that the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds can beneficially own upon conversion of the Class A-6 convertible preferred stock to a maximum of 14.99% of our outstanding stock. The Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds are managed by Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania and subadvised by Federated Global Investment Management Corp., which are wholly-owned subsidiaries of FII Holdings, Inc., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Federated Hermes, Inc. (the “Federated Hermes Parent”). All of the Federated Hermes Parent’s outstanding voting stock is held in the Voting Shares Irrevocable Trust (the “Trust”), for which Thomas R. Donahue, Ann C. Donahue and J. Christopher Donahue, who are collectively referred to as Trustees, act as trustees. The Federated Hermes Parent’s subsidiaries have the power to direct the vote and disposition of the securities held by the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds. In accordance with Rule 13d-4 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Federated Hermes Parent, the Trust, and each of the Trustees declare that this statement should not be construed as an admission that they are the beneficial owners of the securities held by the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds, and the Federated Hermes Parent, the Trust, and each of the Trustees expressly disclaim beneficial ownership of such securities. The business address of each Trustee is 4000 Ericsson Drive, Warrendale, PA 15086-7561.

(4)

Consists of (i) 4,075,000 shares of common stock and 3,020,000 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by Federated Hermes Kaufmann Small Cap Fund, a portfolio of Federated Hermes Equity Funds, (ii) 4,780,000 shares of common stock and 3,540,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund, a portfolio of Federated Hermes Equity Funds, and (iii) 122,076 shares of common stock and 88,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by Federated Hermes Kaufmann Fund II, a portfolio of Federated Hermes Insurance Series.

(5)

Consists of an aggregate of 4,050,508 shares of common stock, 2,650,729 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A-4 convertible preferred stock and 118,453 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A-5 convertible preferred stock held collectively by the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds. The number of shares beneficially owned by the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds in the aggregate is limited by a beneficial ownership limitation applicable to shares of nonvoting Class A-4 convertible preferred stock held by the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds, which limit the number of shares the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds can beneficially own upon conversion of the Class A-4 convertible preferred stock to a maximum of 19.90% of our outstanding common stock, and a beneficial ownership limitation applicable to shares of nonvoting Class A-5 convertible preferred stock held by the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds, which limit the number of shares the Federated Hermes Kaufmann Funds can beneficially own upon conversion of the Class A-5 convertible preferred stock to a maximum of 9.99%. See Footnote (3) for beneficial ownership information.

8

(6)

Consists of 3,266,566 shares of common stock and 3,640,175 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by Deep Track Biotechnology Master Fund Ltd. (“Deep Track Master Fund”). The number of shares beneficially owned by Deep Track Master Fund in the aggregate is limited by beneficial ownership limitations applicable to shares of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock, which limit the number of shares Deep Track Master Fund can beneficially own to a maximum of 9.99% of our outstanding common stock. Deep Track Capital, LP (the “Investment Manager”) serves as the investment manager of Deep Track Master Fund and may be deemed to beneficially own the shares held by Deep Track Master Fund. Deep Track Capital GP, LLC (the “General Partner”) is the general partner of the Investment Manager. David Kroin is the Chief Investment Officer of the Investment Manager and managing member of the General Partner and may be deemed to beneficially own the shares held by Deep Track Master Fund. The business address of Deep Track Master Fund, the Investment Manager, the General Partner and David Kroin is 200 Greenwich Ave, 3rd Floor, Greenwich, CT 06830.

(7)

Consists of 3,266,566 shares of common stock and 6,108,500 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by Deep Track Master Fund.

(8)

Consists of (i) 4,280,302 shares of common stock and 83,464 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by Octagon Investments Master Fund LP and (ii) 2,187,500 shares of common stock held by Octagon Private Opportunities Fund II LP. The number of shares beneficially owned by Octagon Investments Master Fund LP in the aggregate is limited by beneficial ownership limitations applicable to shares of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock, which limit the number of shares Octagon Investments Master Fund LP can beneficially own to a maximum of 9.99% of our outstanding common stock. The entities affiliated with Octagon are managed by Octagon Capital Advisors LP. The business address of the entities affiliated with Octagon is 654 Madison Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10065.

(9)

Consists of (i) 4,280,302 shares of common stock and 2,907,200 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by Octagon Investments Master Fund LP, and (ii) 2,187,500 shares of common stock held by Octagon Private Opportunities Fund.

(10)

Consists of 6,250,000 shares of common stock held by RA Capital Healthcare Fund, L.P. (the “Fund”). RA Capital Healthcare Fund GP, LLC is the general partner of the Fund. The general partner of RA Capital Management, L.P. (“RA Capital”) is RA Capital Management GP, LLC, of which Dr. Kolchinsky and Mr. Shah are the controlling persons. RA Capital serves as investment adviser for the Fund and may be deemed a beneficial owner of the shares of common stock held by the Fund. The Fund has delegated to RA Capital the sole power to vote and the sole power to dispose of all securities held in the Fund’s portfolio, including the shares of common stock reported herein. Because the Fund has divested voting and investment power over the reported securities it holds and may not revoke that delegation on less than 61 days’ notice, the Fund disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities it holds except for purposes of determining its obligations under Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act. As managers of RA Capital, Dr. Kolchinsky and Mr. Shah may be deemed beneficial owners of any securities of the Company beneficially owned by RA Capital. RA Capital, Dr. Kolchinsky, and Mr. Shah disclaim beneficial ownership of the shares of common stock reported herein except for purposes of determining his obligations under Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act.

(11)

Consists of 6,467,802 shares of common stock and 83,464 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants (collectively, the “GEO Shares”) held by Growth Equity Opportunities Fund V, LLC (“GEO V”). New Enterprise Associates 16, L.P. (“NEA 16”), is the sole member of GEO V, NEA Partners 16, L.P. (“NEA Partners 16”), is the sole general partner of NEA 16 and NEA 16 GP, LLC (“NEA 16 LLC”), is the sole general partner of NEA Partners 16. Forest Baskett, Ali Behbahani, Carmen Chang, Anthony A. Florence, Jr., Mohamad H. Makhzoumi, Scott D. Sandell and Paul Walker (collectively, the “Managers”), are the managers of NEA 16 LLC. The persons named herein are referred to individually herein as a NEA Reporting Person and collectively as the NEA Reporting Persons. GEO V is the record owner of the GEO V Shares. As the sole member of GEO V, NEA 16 may be deemed to own beneficially the GEO V Shares. As the general partner of NEA 16, NEA Partners 16 may be deemed to own beneficially the GEO V Shares. As the sole general partner of NEA Partners 16, NEA 16 LLC may be deemed to own beneficially the GEO V Shares. Each of the Managers of NEA 16 LLC may be deemed to own beneficially the GEO V Shares. The number of shares beneficially owned by the NEA Reporting Persons in the aggregate is limited by beneficial ownership

9

limitations applicable to shares issuable upon exercise of warrants to purchase common stock and shares issuable upon conversion of shares of Class A-1 convertible preferred stock, Class A-2 convertible preferred stock, Class A-3 convertible preferred stock, Class A-4 convertible preferred stock, Class A-5 convertible preferred stock, and Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by GEO V, which limit the number of shares the NEA Reporting Persons can beneficially own to a maximum of 9.99% of our outstanding common stock. The business address of GEO V is 1954 Greenspring Dr., Suite 600, Timonium, Maryland 21093.
(12)

Consists of (i) 4,522,223 shares of common stock and (ii) 1,727,800 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of shares of Class A-6 convertible preferred stock held by GEO V.

(13)

Consists of 1,945,579 shares of common stock, 1,795,195 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants, 256,700 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-1 convertible preferred stock, 900,900 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-2 convertible preferred stock, 258,707 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-3 convertible preferred stock, 1,074,991 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-4 convertible preferred stock and 821,356 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Class A-5 convertible preferred stock held by GEO V. See Footnote (11) above for the beneficial ownership of the shares held by GEO V. The number of shares beneficially owned by GEO V in the aggregate is limited by a beneficial ownership limitation applicable to shares issuable upon conversion of Class A-5 convertible preferred stock to a maximum of 9.99% of our outstanding common stock.

(14)

Consists of 5,000,000 shares of common stock held by Vivo Opportunity Fund Holdings, L.P.

(15)

Consists of 3,737,417 shares of common stock held by Adage Capital Partners, LP (“Adage”). Bob Atchinson and Phillip Gross are the managing members of Adage Capital Advisors, L.L.C., which is the managing member of Adage Capital Partners GP, L.L.C., which is the general partner of Adage, and each such person or entity, as the case may be, has shared voting and/or investment power over the securities held by Adage Capital Partners, LP and may be deemed the beneficial owner of such shares, and each such person or entity, as the case may be, disclaims beneficial ownership of such securities except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein.

(16)

Consists of 3,125,000 shares of common stock held by Adage.

(17)

Consists of 1,562,500 shares of common stock. The shares of common stock reflected in this table are held directly by Soleus Capital Master Fund, L.P. (“Master Fund”). Soleus Capital, LLC (“Soleus Capital”) is the sole general partner of Master Fund and thus holds voting and dispositive power over the shares held by Master Fund. Soleus Capital Group, LLC (“SCG”) is the sole managing member of Soleus Capital. Mr. Guy Levy is the sole managing member of SCG. Each of SCG, Soleus Capital and Mr. Guy Levy disclaims beneficial ownership of these securities held by Master Fund, except to the extent of his or her respective pecuniary interests therein.

(18)

Consists of 1,406,250 shares of common stock and 296,999 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants held by the entities affiliated with Heights Capital Management, Inc. Heights Capital Management, Inc., the authorized agent of CVI Investments, Inc. (“CVI”), has discretionary authority to vote and dispose of the shares held by CVI and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of these shares. Martin Kobinger, in his capacity as Investment Manager of Heights Capital Management, Inc., may also be deemed to have investment discretion and voting power over the shares held by CVI. Mr. Kobinger disclaims any such beneficial ownership of the shares. CVI Investments, Inc. is affiliated with one or more FINRA member, none of whom are currently expected to participate in the sale pursuant to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement of Shares purchased by the Investor in this Offering.

(19)

Consists of 1,406,250 shares of common stock held by CVI.

(20)

Consists of 937,500 shares of common stock held by Alyeska Master Fund L.P. Alyeska Investment Group, L.P., the investment manager of Alyeska Master Fund, L.P. (the “Selling Securityholder”), has voting and investment control of the shares held by the Selling Securityholder. Anand Parekh is the Chief Executive Officer of Alyeska Investment Group, L.P. and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of such shares. Mr. Parekh, however, disclaims any beneficial ownership of the shares held by the Selling Securityholder. The registered address of Alyeska Master Fund, L.P. is at c/o Maples Corporate Services Limited, P.O. Box 309, Ugland House, South Church Street George Town, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands. Alyeska Investment Group, L.P. is located at 77 W. Wacker, Suite 700, Chicago IL 60601.

10

(21)

Consists of 937,500 shares of common stock held by Woodline Master Fund LP. Woodline Partners LP serves as the investment manager of Woodline Master Fund LP and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the shares. Woodline Partners LP disclaims any beneficial ownership of these shares. The address of the Fund is 4 Embarcadero Center, Suite 3450, San Francisco, CA 94111.

(22)

Consists of an aggregate of 1,736,049 shares of common stock held collectively by DAFNA Lifescience L.P. and DAFNA Lifescience Select L.P. DAFNA Capital Management LLC is the sole general partner of DAFNA LifeScience, L.P. and DAFNA LifeScience Select, L.P. The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of DAFNA Capital Management LLC are Dr. Nathan Fischel and Dr. Fariba Ghodsian, respectively. These individuals may be deemed to have shared voting and investment power of the shares held by DAFNA LifeScience, L.P. and DAFNA LifeScience Select, L.P. Each of Dr. Fischel and Dr. Ghodsian disclaim beneficial ownership of such shares, except to the extent of his or her pecuniary interest therein. The business address of the foregoing persons and entities is 10990 Wilshire Blvd. Ste. 1400, Los Angeles, CA 90024.

(23)

Consists of (i) 450,000 shares of common stock held by DAFNA Lifescience L.P. and (ii) 175,000 shares of common stock held by DAFNA Lifescience Select L.P.

(24)

Consists of an aggregate of 625,000 shares of common stock held collectively by (i) BEMAP Master Fund LTD (“BEMAP”), (ii) Mission Pure Alpha LP (“Mission”), (iii) Monashee Pure Alpha SPV I LP (“Pure Alpha”) and (iv) Blackstone CSP-MST FMAP Fund (“FMAP”), which are managed by Monashee Investment Management, LLC (“Monashee Management”). Jeff Muller is CCO of Monashee Management and has voting and investment control over Monashee Management and, accordingly, may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the shares held by BEMAP, Pure Alpha, Mission, and FMAP. Jeff Muller, however, disclaims any beneficial ownership of the shares held by these entities. The business address of, BEMAP, Pure Alpha, Mission, FMAP and Mr. Muller is c/o Monashee Investment Management, LLC, 75 Park Plaza, 4th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

(25)

Consists of 625,000 shares of common stock held by Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. Hudson Bay Capital Management LP, the investment manager of Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd., has voting and investment power over these securities. Sander Gerber is the managing member of Hudson Bay Capital GP LLC, which is the general partner of Hudson Bay Capital Management LP. Each of Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. and Sander Gerber disclaims beneficial ownership over these securities.

(26)

Consists of 302,947 shares of common stock held by AuGC Biofund LP.

(27)

Consists of 218,750 shares of common stock held by AuGC Biofund LP.

(28)

Consists of 726,254 shares of common stock, 181,184 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase common stock and 19,975 shares of common stock that Dr. Papadopoulos has the right to acquire from us within 60 days of March 31, 2024 pursuant to the exercise of stock options.

(29)

Consists of 250,000 shares of common stock held by Dr. Papadopoulos.

(30)

Consists of 212,520 shares of common stock held by Mr. Rubinstein.

(31)

Consists of 156,250 shares of common stock held by Mr. Rubinstein.

(32)

Consists of 125,000 shares of common stock held by Dr. Akkaraju.

(33)

Consists of 98,440 shares of common stock and 15,725 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants held by Mr. Gormley.

(34)

Consists of 31,250 shares of common stock held by Mr. Gormley.

Relationship with Selling Stockholders

As discussed in greater detail above under the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports thatsection “Prospectus Summary—Private Placement,” on March 11, 2024, we fileentered into the Purchase Agreement with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stockselling stockholders pursuant to which we are offering. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of preferred stock being offered, including, to the extent applicable:

the title and stated value;

the number ofsold shares we are offering;

the liquidation preference per share;

the purchase price;

the dividend rate, period and payment date and method of calculation for dividends;

whether dividends will be cumulative ornon-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate;

the procedures for any auction and remarketing;

the provisions for a sinking fund;

the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights;

any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market;

whether the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, and, if applicable, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and the conversion period;

whether the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and the exchange period;

voting rights of the preferred stock;

preemptive rights;

restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment;

whether interests in the preferred stock will be represented by depositary shares;

a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;

the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs;

any limitations on the issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and

any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the preferred stock.

The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of holders of common stock and reduce the likelihood that common stockholders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. The issuanceshares ofClass A-6 convertible preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock also could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of us.

Anti-takeover Effects of Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, our Bylaws and Delaware Law

Delaware Law

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or Section 203. Section 203 generally prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless:

prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding (a) shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and (b) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or

•on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2⁄3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

Section 203 defines a business combination to include:

any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition involving the interested stockholder of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation;

subject to exceptions, any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder;

subject to exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder; and

the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation.

In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by the entity or person.

Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in our control or change in our management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares or transactions that our stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests. Therefore, these provisions could adversely affect the price of our common stock. Among other things, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws:

permit our board of directors to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, with any rights, preferences and privileges as they may designate (including the right to approve an acquisition or other change in our control);

provide that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of the board of directors;

provide that all vacancies, including newly created directorships, may, except as otherwise required by law, be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum;

require that any action to be taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting ofselling stockholders and not be taken by written consent;

provide thatagreed with the selling stockholders seeking to present proposals beforefile a meeting of stockholders orregistration statement to nominate candidates for election as directors at a meeting of stockholders must provide notice in writing in a timely manner and also specify requirements as toenable the form and content of a stockholder’s notice;

do not provide for cumulative voting rights (therefore allowing the holders of a majorityresale of the shares of common stock entitledcovered by this prospectus. Other than Dr. Papadopoulos, who is a member of our Board of Directors, none of the selling stockholders or any persons having control over such selling stockholders has held any position or office with us or our affiliates within the last three years or has had a material relationship with us or any of our predecessors or affiliates within the past three years, other than as a result of the ownership of our shares or other securities.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We are registering the shares of common stock issued to votethe selling stockholders in the Private Placement and the shares of common stock issuable to the selling stockholders upon the conversion of the selling stockholders’ Class A-6 convertible preferred stock purchased in the Private Placement to permit the resale of such shares of common stock by such holders from time to time after the date of this prospectus. We will not receive any election of directorsthe proceeds from the sale by the selling stockholders of the shares of common stock. We will bear all fees and expenses incident to electour obligation to register such shares of common stock.

Each selling stockholder, which may include donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors-in-interest selling shares of common stock or interests in shares of common stock received after the date of this prospectus from a selling stockholder as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution or other transfer, may, from time to time, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any or all of its shares of common stock or interests in shares of common stock on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. These dispositions may be at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market price, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at privately negotiated prices.

A selling stockholder may use any one or more of the following methods when disposing of shares or interests therein:

ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;

block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent, but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its own account;

an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;

privately negotiated transactions;

distributions to their employees, partners, members or stockholders;

through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;

through agreements between broker-dealers and the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;

a combination of any such methods of sale; and

any other method permitted by applicable law.

The selling stockholders may, from time to time, pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the directors standing for election,shares of common stock owned by them and, if they should so choose);default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and

provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by sell the Chairman of the Board, our Chief Executive Officer or by the board of directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized directors.

The amendment of any of these provisions, with the exception of the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and designate any rights, preferences and privileges thereto, would require approval by the holders of at least 66 2⁄3% of our then outstanding common stock.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock, is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

Listing on the Nasdaq Global Market

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “RGLS.”

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants from time to time, under this prospectus, for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities, and the warrants may be attachedunder an amendment to or separate from these securities. While the terms summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below.

Warrants issued under this prospectus may be issued under warrant agreements, which we will enter into with a warrant agent to be selected by us. We use the term “warrant agreement” to refer to any of these warrant agreements. We use the term “warrant agent” to refer to the warrant agent under any of these warrant agreements. Any warrant agent will act solely as an agent of ours in connection with the warrants and will not act as an agent for the holdersRule 424(b) or beneficial ownersother applicable provision of the warrants.

We will fileSecurities Act amending the list of selling stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement, including a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering before the issuance of the related series of warrants. The following summaries of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to the particular series of warrants that we may offerselling stockholders under this prospectus. We urge you to readThe selling stockholders also may transfer the applicable prospectus supplements and any free writing prospectus related to the particular series of warrants that we offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants.

General

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of warrants being offered, including, to the extent applicable:

the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;

the currency for which the warrants may be purchased;

the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;

the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;

in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;

in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock in other circumstances, in which case the pledgees, transferees or preferredother successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.

In connection with the sale of our common stock asor interests therein, the caseselling stockholders may be, purchasable uponenter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the exercisecommon stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling stockholders may also sell shares of our common stock short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The selling stockholders may also enter

12

into options or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or the creation of one warrant andor more derivative securities which require the price at which these shares may be purchased upondelivery to each such exercise;

the effect of any merger, consolidation, salebroker-dealer or other dispositionfinancial institution of our business onshares offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

The aggregate proceeds to the warrant agreements andselling stockholders from the warrants;

the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;

any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercisesale of the warrants;

common stock offered by them will be the dates on whichpurchase price of the common stock less discounts or commissions, if any. Each of the selling stockholders reserves the right to exercise the warrants will commenceaccept and, expire;

the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified;

a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;

the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and

any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.

Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including:

in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or

in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any.

Exercise of Warrants

Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.

Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the warrant agent, if applicable, in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to the warrant agent.

Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants.

Governing Law

Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the warrants and warrant agreements will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants

Any warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

We may issue debt securitiesagents from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the indenture, we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities.

We will issue the debt securities under the indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the indenture. The indenture will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act. We have filed the form of indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC.

The following summary of material provisions of the debt securities and the indenture is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities.

General

The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may be in any currency or currency unit that we may designate. Except for the limitations on consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us.

We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as “discount securities,” which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may be issued with “original issue discount,” or OID, for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of interest payment and other characteristics or terms of the debt securities. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with OID will be described in more detail in any applicable prospectus supplement.

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including:

the title of the series of debt securities;

any limit upon the aggregate principal amount that may be issued;

the maturity date or dates;

the form of the debt securities of the series;

the applicability of any guarantees;

whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;

whether the debt securities rank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt or any combination thereof, and the terms of any subordination;

if the price (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which such debt securities will be issued is a price other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof, or if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such debt securities that is convertible into another security or the method by which any such portion shall be determined;

the interest rate or rates, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;

our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;

if applicable, the date or dates after which, or the period or periods during which, and the price or prices at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions;

the date or dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;

the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;

any and all terms, if applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the debt securities of that series and any security for our obligations with respect to such debt securities and any other terms which may be advisable in connection with the marketing of debt securities of that series;

whether the debt securities of the series shall be issuedreject, in whole or in part, in the formany proposed purchase of a global securitycommon stock to be made directly or securities; the terms and conditions, ifthrough agents. We will not receive any upon which such global security or securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual securities; and the depositary for such global security or securities;

if applicable, the provisions relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of the series and the terms and conditions upon which such debt securities will be so convertibleproceeds from this offering.

The selling stockholders also may resell all or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at our option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, the applicable conversion or exchange period and the manner of settlement for any conversion or exchange;

if other than the full principal amount thereof, thea portion of the principal amountshares in open market transactions, rather than under this prospectus, in reliance upon Rule 144 under the Securities Act, provided that they meet the criteria and conform to the requirements of debt securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof;
that rule.

additions toThe selling stockholders and any underwriters, broker-dealers or changesagents that participate in the covenants applicable to the particular debt securities being issued, including, among others, the consolidation, merger or sale covenant;

additions to or changes in the events of default with respect to the securities and any change in the right of the trustee or the holders to declare the principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, with respect to such securities to be due and payable;

additions to or changes in or deletions of the provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance;

additions to or changes in the provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of the indenture;

additions to or changes in the provisions relating to the modification of the indenture both with and without the consent of holders of debt securities issued under the indenture;

the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars;

whether interest will be payable in cash or additional debt securities at our or the holders’ option and the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made;

the terms and conditions, if any, upon which we will pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the debt securities of the series to any holder that is not a “United States person” for federal tax purposes;

any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the debt securities of the series; and

any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, any other additions or changes in the provisions of the indenture, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities. We will include provisions as to settlement upon conversion or exchange and whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, atinterests therein may be “underwriters” within the optionmeaning of Section 2(11) of the holderSecurities Act. Any discounts, commissions, concessions or at our option. Weprofit they earn on any resale of the shares may include provisions pursuantbe underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Selling stockholders who are “underwriters” within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act will be subject to which the numberprospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act.

To the extent required, the shares of our common stock or our other securities thatto be sold, the holdersnames of the seriesselling stockholders, the respective purchase prices and public offering prices, the names of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment.

Consolidation, Mergerany agents, dealer or Sale

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplementunderwriter, and any applicable commissions or discounts with respect to a particular series of debt securities, the indenture will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of our assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets (other than a subsidiary of ours) must assume all of our obligations under the indenture or the debt securities, as appropriate.

Events of Default under the Indenture

Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indenture with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:

if we fail to pay any installment of interest on any series of debt securities, as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by us in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;

if we fail to pay the principal of, or premium, if any, on any series of debt securities as and when the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to such series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such debt securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any;

if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant or agreement contained in the debt securities or the indenture, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such is a notice of default thereunder, from the trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and

if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.

If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder.

The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.

Subject to the terms of the indenture, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:

the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and

subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding.

A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indenture or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if:

the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;

the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request,

such holders have offered to the trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred by the trustee in compliance with the request; and

the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer.

These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.

We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indenture.

Modification of Indenture; Waiver

We and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters:

to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture or in the debt securities of any series;

to comply with the provisions described above under “Description of Debt Securities—Consolidation, Merger or Sale;”

to provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities;

to add to our covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of debt securities, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default or to surrender any right or power conferred upon us in the indenture;

to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the indenture;

to make any change that does not adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series in any material respect;

to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided above under “Description of Debt Securities—General” to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities;

to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment under any indenture by a successor trustee; or

to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.

In addition, under the indenture, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may make the following changes only with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:

extending the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series;

reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any series of any debt securities; or

reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver.

Discharge

Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to:

provide for payment;

register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series;

replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;

pay principal of and premium and interest on any debt securities of the series;

maintain paying agencies;

hold monies for payment in trust;

recover excess money held by the trustee;

compensate and indemnify the trustee; and

appoint any successor trustee.

In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.

Form, Exchange and Transfer

We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indenture provides that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in the applicable prospectus supplement with respect to that series. To the extent the debt securities of a series are issued in global form and as book-entry, a description of terms relating to any book-entry securitiesoffer will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.

Subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will impose no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.

We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.

If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:

issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or

register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.

Information Concerning the Trustee

The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the trustee is under no obligation to

exercise any of the powers given it by the indenture at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.

We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.

All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

Governing Law

The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.

LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES

We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee, depository or warrant agent maintain for this purpose as the “holders” of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as “indirect holders” of those securities.

As we describe below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.

Book-Entry Holders

We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers.

Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Securities issued in global form will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for securities issued in global form, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities.

As a result, investors in a book-entry security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary’s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not legal holders, of the securities.

Street Name Holders

We may terminate a global security or issue securities innon-global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in “street name.” Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account the investor maintains at that institution.

For securities held in street name, we will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, and not legal holders, of those securities.

Legal Holders

Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee and of any third parties employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form.

For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the legal holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with depositary participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of the indenture or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only from the legal holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the legal holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders.

Special Considerations for Indirect Holders

If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out:

how it handles securities payments and notices;

whether it imposes fees or charges;

how it would handle a request for the holders’ consent, if ever required;

whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future;

how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and

if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary’s rules and procedures will affect these matters.

Global Securities

A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms.

Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, DTC will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.

A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under “Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated.” As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a legal holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security.

If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued in global form only, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.

Special Considerations for Global Securities

As an indirect holder, an investor’s rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor’s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers.

We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.

If securities are issued only in the form of a global security, an investor should be aware of the following:

An investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in the investor’s name and cannot obtainnon-global certificates for the investor’s interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below.

An investor will be an indirect holder and must look to the investor’s own bank, broker or other financial institution for payments on the securities and protection of the investor’s rights relating to the securities, as we describe above.

An investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities innon-book-entry form.

An investor may not be able to pledge the investor’s interest in a global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective.

The depositary’s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor’s interest in a global security. We and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary’s actions or for its records of ownership interests in a global security. We and the trustee also do not supervise the depositary in any way.

The depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in a global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your broker, bank or other financial institution may require you to do so as well.

Financial institutions that participate in the depositary’s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in a global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities. There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries.

Special Situations When a Global Security Will be Terminated

In a few special situations described below, the global security will terminate, and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own brokers, banks or other financial institutions to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own name, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.

The global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:

if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90 days;

if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or

if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived.

The applicable prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by the prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and not we or any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell our securities covered by this prospectus in any of three ways (or in any combination):

to or through underwriters or dealers;

directly to one or more purchasers; or

through agents.

We may distribute the securities:

from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed from time to time;

at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

at prices related to the prevailing market prices; or

at negotiated prices.

Each time we offer and sell securities covered by this prospectus, we will provide aaccompanying prospectus supplement or, supplements that will describe the method of distribution and set forth the terms of the offering, including,if appropriate, a post-effective amendment to the extent applicable:registration statement that includes this prospectus.

If underwriters are used in the name or namessale, the shares of anycommon stock will be acquired by the underwriters or agents;

the amounts of securities underwritten or purchased by each of them;

the purchase price of securitiesfor their own account and the proceeds we will receive from the sale;

any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;

any underwriting discounts or commissions or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters’ or agents’ compensation;

the public offering price of the securities;

any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.

Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time. We may determine the price or other terms of the securities offered under this prospectus by use of an electronic auction. We will describe how any auction will determine the price or any other terms, how potential investors may participate in the auction and the nature of the obligations of the underwriter, dealer or agent in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Underwriters or dealers may offer and sell the offered securitiesresold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. In connection with any such underwritten sale of shares of common stock, underwriters may receive compensation from the selling stockholders, for whom they may act as agents, in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. If the selling stockholders use an underwriter or underwriters or dealers are used into effectuate the sale of any securities,shares of common stock, we and/or they will execute an underwriting agreement with those underwriters at the securitiestime of sale of those shares of common stock. To the extent required by law, the names of the underwriters will be acquiredset forth in a prospectus supplement or, if appropriate, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement that includes the prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus used by the underwriters or dealers for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions described above.sell those securities. The securities may be either offered toobligations of the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or directly by underwriters or dealers. Generally, the underwriters’ or dealers’ obligations to purchase the securitiesthose shares of common stock will be subject to certain conditions precedent. Theprecedent, and unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement, the underwriters or dealers will be obligated to purchase all the shares of the securitiescommon stock offered by such prospectus supplement if they purchase any of the securities, unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement. Wesuch shares of common stock are purchased. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe the nature of any such relationship in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter.

We may sell the securities through agentsbe changed from time to time. The prospectus supplement will name any agent involved

We have advised the selling stockholders that the anti-manipulation rules of Regulation M under the Exchange Act may apply to sales of shares in the offer ormarket and to the activities of the selling stockholders and their affiliates. The selling stockholders may indemnify any broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving the sale of the securitiesshares against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.

We are required to pay certain fees and any commissions we pay them. Generally, any agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment. We may authorize underwriters or agents to solicit offers by certain purchasers to purchase the securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth any commissions we pay for solicitation of these contracts.

Agents, dealers and underwriters may be entitled to indemnificationexpenses incurred by us incident to the registration of the shares of common stock of the selling stockholders. We have agreed to indemnify the selling stockholders against certain civillosses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments whichand the agents, dealers or underwriters selling stockholders

13

may be requiredentitled to make in respect thereof. Agents, dealers and underwriterscontribution. We may be customers of, engageindemnified by the selling stockholders against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act that may arise from any written information furnished to us by the selling stockholders specifically for use in transactions with,this prospectus, or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.

All securities we may offer, other than our common stock, will be new issuesentitled to contribution.

We have agreed with the selling stockholders to keep the registration statement of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may makewhich this prospectus forms a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guaranteepart effective until the liquidityearlier of (1) March 14, 2027, (2) the date on which all of the trading markets for any securities.

Any underwritershares may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Overallotment involves sales in excessbe sold without restriction pursuant to Rule 144 of the offering size,Securities Act without being subject to any volume, manner of sale or publicly available information requirements or (3) the date on which create a short position. This short sales position may involve either “covered” short sales or “naked” short sales. Covered short sales are short sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional securities in this offering described above. The underwriters may close out any covered short position either by exercising their over-allotment option or by purchasing securities in the open market. To determine how they will close the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of securities available for purchase in the open market, as compared to the price at which they may purchase securities through the over-allotment option. Naked short sales are short sales in excessnone of the over-allotment option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing securities in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwritersshares are concerned that, in the open market after pricing, there may be downward pressure on the price of the securities that could adversely affect investors who purchase securities in this offering. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security for the purpose of fixing the price of the security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions.outstanding.

Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on the Nasdaq Global Market may engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock, preferred stock, warrants and debt securities, as applicable, on the Nasdaq Global Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.

Similar to other purchase transactions, an underwriter’s purchase to cover the syndicate short sales or to stabilize the market price of our securities may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our securities or preventing or mitigating a decline in the market price of our securities. As a result, the price of our securities may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. The imposition of a penalty bid might also have an effect on the price of the securities if it discourages resales of the securities.14

Neither we nor the underwriters makes any representation or prediction as to the effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the securities. If such transactions are commenced, they may be discontinued without notice at any time.

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the securities being offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Cooley LLP, San Diego, California.

EXPERTS

Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our financial statements included in our Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016,2023, as set forth in their report, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement. Our financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP’s report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters, including the validity of the shares of common stock offered pursuant to this registration statement, will be passed upon for us by Cooley LLP, San Diego, California.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MOREADDITIONAL INFORMATION

This prospectus, which constitutes a partWe must comply with the informational requirements of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement or the exhibits whichExchange Act, and we are part of the registration statement. For further information with respectrequired to usfile reports and the securities offered by this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits filed as part of the registration statement. We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at1-800-SEC-0330 for furtherthese reports, proxy statements and other information on the operation of the public reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers like us that file electronically with the SEC. We also maintain a website at http://www.regulusrx.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference herein and is not part of this prospectus.

Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete, and in each instance we refer you to the copy of the contract or document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC prior to the date of this prospectus, while information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC (other than current reports or portions thereof furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items and other portions of documents that are furnished, but not filed, or are otherwise not incorporated into registration statements, pursuant to applicable rules promulgated by the SEC) that are filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (i) after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, and (ii) after the effectiveness of the registration statement but prior to the termination of the offering of the securities covered by this prospectus:

 

our Annual Report on Form10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the SEC on March 3, 2017;
•

our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024;

 

our Quarterly Reports on Form10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2017, June 30, 2017 and September 30, 2017, filed with the SEC on May 5, 2017, August 2, 2017 and November 8, 2017, respectively;
•

the information specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 from our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on April 28, 2023;

 

our Current Reports on Form8-K filed with the SEC on January 27, 2017, May 4, 2017, May 26, 2017, June 2, 2017, June 12, 2017, July 19, 2017, July 20, 2017 and December 22, 2017;

the information specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 from our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 28, 2017; and
•

our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March  14, 2024; and

 

15

the description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form8-A filed with the SEC on September 27, 2012,
•

the description of our common stock filed as Exhibit 4.3 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.

We will furnish without charge to each person, including any amendmentbeneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon written or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.

You canoral request, a copy of these filings, at no cost,any document incorporated by writing us at 10614 Science Center Drive,reference. Requests should be addressed to 4224 Campus Point Court, Suite 210, San Diego, CaliforniaCA 92121, Attention:Attn: Secretary or telephoning usmay be made telephonically at(858) 202-6300.

In accordance with Rule 412 of the Securities Act, any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement.

16

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following table sets forthis a statement of the estimated costs and expenses other than the underwriting discounts and commissions, payableto be incurred by the registrantus in connection with the offeringregistration of the securities being registered. All the amounts shown are estimates, except for the SECunder this registration fee.statement, all of which will be borne by us.

 

   

Amount
paid or

to be Paid

 

SEC registration fee

  $18,675 

Accounting fees and expenses

   100,000 

Legal fees and expenses

   200,000 

Transfer agent and trustee fees

   25,000 

Printing and miscellaneous expenses

   31,325 
  

 

 

 

Total

  $375,000 
  

 

 

 

Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee

  $23,603.61 

Legal Fees and Expenses

  $25,000.00 

Accounting Fees and Expenses

  $25,000.00 

Miscellaneous

  $1,396.39 

Total

  $75,000.00 

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

The registrant’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide for indemnification of the registrant’s directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Securities Act,(the “Securities Act”), may be permitted to directors, officers or controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the registrant’s certificate of incorporation, bylaws and the Delaware General Corporation Law or DGCL,(the “DGCL”), the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the SECSecurities Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL provides that a certificate of incorporation may include a provision that eliminates or limits the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the company or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL, relating to prohibited dividends or distributions or the repurchase or redemption of stock or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derives an improper personal benefit. The registrant’s certificate of incorporation includes such a provision. As a result of this provision, the registrant and its stockholders may be unable to obtain monetary damages from a director for breach of his or her duty of care.

As permitted under the DGCL, the registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers that require the registrant to indemnify such persons against any and all expenses (including attorneys’, witness or other professional fees), and unless in connection with a proceeding by or in the right of the registrant, any and all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement, actually and reasonably incurred by such persons or on such persons’ behalf in connection with any proceeding, whether actual or threatened, to which any such person may be involved as a party or otherwise by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or an executive officer of the registrant or is or was serving at the request of the registrant as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of another enterprise, provided such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the registrant and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful. Under these agreements, the registrant is not required to provide indemnification for certain matters, including:

 

indemnification beyond that permitted by applicable law;

 

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except as provided in the indemnification agreements, an accounting of profits made from the purchase and sale (or sale and purchase) by such director or executive officer of securities of the registrant within the meaning of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or the Exchange Act,(the “Exchange Act”), or similar provisions of state statutory law or common law;

 

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except as provided in the indemnification agreements, any reimbursement of the registrant by such director or executive officer of any bonus or other incentive-based or equity-based compensation or of any profits realized by such director or executive officer from the sale of securities of the registrant, as required in each case under the Exchange Act; or

 

except as provided in the indemnification agreements, in connection with any proceeding initiated by such director or executive officer, unless (i) the registrant’s board of directors authorized the proceeding prior to its initiation or (ii) the registrant provides the indemnification, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the registrant under applicable law.

The indemnification agreements also set forth certain procedures, presumptions and remedies that will apply in the event of a claim for indemnification thereunder.

Item 16. ExhibitsExhibit Index.

See the Exhibit Index immediately preceding the signature page to this registration statement for a list of exhibits filed as part of this registration statement, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit

No.

Description
 4.1Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-35670), filed with the SEC on August 3, 2016).
 4.2Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35670), filed with the SEC on October 2, 2018).
 4.3Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35670), filed with the SEC on June 16, 2021).
 4.4Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35670), filed with the SEC on June 27, 2022).
 4.5Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class  A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.  001-35670), filed with the SEC on May 9, 2019).
 4.6Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class  A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.  001-35670), filed with the SEC on December 26, 2019).
 4.7Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class  A-3 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrants’ Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.  001-35670) filed with the SEC on December 4, 2020).
 4.8Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class  A-4 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No.  001-35670), filed with the SEC on November 30, 2021).
 4.9Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35670), filed with the SEC on December 4, 2020).
 4.10Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35670), filed with the SEC on December 4, 2020).

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 4.11Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class  A-5 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (file No.  001-35670), filed with the SEC on April 13, 2023).
 4.12Certificate of Decrease of Class  A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, Class A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock and Class  A-3 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by referenced to Exhibit 3.13 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.  001-35670), filed with the SEC on March 21, 2024).
 4.13Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class  A-6 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2024).
 4.14Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35670), filed with the SEC on June 8, 2016).
 4.15Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35670), filed with the SEC on December 4, 2020).
 5.1Opinion of Cooley LLP.
23.1Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
23.2Consent of Cooley LLP (included in legal opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1).
24.1Power of Attorney (included on signature page).
107Filing Fee Table.

Item 17. UndertakingsUndertakings.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) 

(a)(1)

To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

 

(i)

To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

 

(ii)

To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

 

(iii)

To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

provided, however, that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act,

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that are incorporated by reference in thethis registration statement, or isare contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of thethis registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initialbona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(2)

That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

(3)

To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

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(4)

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:

 

 (i)

Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

 

 (ii)

Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which thatthe prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initialbona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i)Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

 

(b)(ii)Any free writing prospectus

That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering prepared by or on behalf of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

(c)(iii)The portion

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrantaction, suit, or its securities providedproceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or on behalfcontrolling person of the undersigned registrant;registrant in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

(iv)Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(6) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(7) That, (i) for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of the registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and (ii) for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initialbona fide offering thereof.

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(8) To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 15 above, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number

Description of Document

  1.1(1)Form of Underwriting Agreement
  4.1Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit  3.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-35670), filed with the SEC on August 3, 2016
  4.2Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35670), filed with the SEC on June 8, 2016)
  4.3Form of Common Stock Certificate of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-183384), originally filed with the SEC on August 17, 2012)
  4.4(1)Form of Preferred Stock Certificate and Form of Certificate of Designation of Preferred Stock
  4.5Form of Common Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate
  4.6Form of Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate
  4.7Form of Debt Securities Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate
  4.8Form of Indenture
  4.9(1)Form of Senior Note
  4.10(1)Form of Subordinated Note
  5.1Opinion of Cooley LLP
12.1(1)Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
23.1Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
23.2Consent of Cooley LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
24.1Power of Attorney (included on signature page)
25.1(1)Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Indenture

(1)To be filed if necessary by amendment or as an exhibit to a document to be incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this registration statement, including a Current Report on Form8-K.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on FormS-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Citycity of San Diego, Statestate of California, on January 29, 2018.April 9, 2024.

 

REGULUS THERAPEUTICS INC.Regulus Therapeutics Inc.
By: 

/s/ Joseph P. Hagan

Joseph P. Hagan
 

Joseph P. Hagan

President and Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that eachEach person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Joseph P. Hagan and Daniel R. Chevallard,Cris Calsada, and each of them, as his or his/her true and lawful agent, proxy andattorney-in-fact and agent, each acting alone, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or him/her and in his or his/her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to (i) act on, sign and file with the SEC any andor all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement togetherRegistration Statement on Form S-3, and to file the same, with all schedules and exhibits thereto, (ii) act on, sign and file such certificates, instruments, agreements and otherall documents as may be necessary or appropriate in connection therewith, (iii) act on and file any supplement to any prospectus included in this registration statement or any such amendment or any subsequent registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) underwith the Securities Act of 1933 and (iv) take anyExchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and all actions which may beagents, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary or appropriate to be done in and about the premises, as fully forto all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys in factattorneys-in-fact and agents, or either of them, or their or hishis/her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, of 1933, this registration statementRegistration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

Name		  

Title

 

Date

/s/ Joseph P. Hagan

Joseph P. Hagan

  

President, Chief Executive Officer and Member of the Board of Directors

(Principal Executive Officer)Director

 January 29, 2018April 9, 2024

/s/ Daniel R. ChevallardCris Calsada

Daniel R. ChevallardCris Calsada

  

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial andOfficer)

April 9, 2024

/s/ Daniel Penksa

Daniel Penksa

Vice President, Finance & Controller

(Principal Accounting Officer)

 January 29, 2018April 9, 2024

/s/ Stelios Papadopoulos

Stelios Papadopoulos, Ph.D.

  

Chairman of the Board and Member of

the Board of Directors

 January 29, 2018April 9, 2024

/s/ David Baltimore

David Baltimore, Ph.D.

  

Member of the Board of DirectorsDirector

 January 29, 2018April 9, 2024

/s/ Mark G. FolettaKathryn J. Collier

Mark G. FolettaKathryn J. Collier

  

Member of the Board of DirectorsDirector

 January 29, 2018April 9, 2024

/s/ Alice Huang

Alice Huang, Ph.D.

Director

April 9, 2024

/s/ Preston S. Klassen

Preston S. Klassen

President & Head of R&D and Director

April 9, 2024

/s/ Jake R. Nunn

Jake R. Nunn

Director

April 9, 2024

/s/ William H. Rastetter

William H. Rastetter, Ph.D.

  

Member of the Board of DirectorsDirector

 January 29, 2018

Signature

Title

Date

April 9, 2024

/s/ Hugh Rosen

Hugh Rosen, M.D., Ph.D.

  

Member of the Board of DirectorsDirector

 January 29, 2018April 9, 2024

/s/ Pascale Witz

Pascale Witz

  

Member of the Board of DirectorsDirector

 January 29, 2018April 9, 2024