EXHIBIT 99.3
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.
Risk Factors
Our business is subject to a number of important risks, including the following:
Interest rate fluctuations could adversely affect our business and profitability.
Our insurance and investment products are sensitive to interest rate fluctuations and expose us to the risk that falling interest rates will reduce our “spread,” or the difference between the returns we earn on the investments that support our obligations under these products and the amounts that we must pay policyholders and contractholders. Because we may reduce the interest rates we credit on most of these products only at limited, pre-established intervals, and because some of them have guaranteed minimum crediting rates, declines in interest rates may adversely affect the profitability of those products. For example, interest rates declined to unusually low levels in 2002 and 2003. Although interest rates increased in 2004, they remain at low levels and limit our returns on our spread-based investment products.
During periods of increasing market interest rates, we may offer higher crediting rates on interest-sensitive products, such as universal life insurance and fixed annuities, and we may increase crediting rates on in-force products to keep these products competitive. In addition, rapidly rising interest rates may cause increased policy surrenders, withdrawals from annuity contracts and requests for policy loans, as policyholders and contractholders shift assets into higher yielding investments. Increases in crediting rates, as well as surrenders and withdrawals, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Interest rate fluctuations also could have an adverse effect on the results of our investment portfolio. During periods of declining market interest rates, the interest we receive on variable interest rate investments decreases. In addition, during those periods, we are forced to reinvest the cash we receive as interest or return of principal on our investments in lower-yielding high-grade instruments or in lower-credit instruments to maintain comparable returns. Issuers of fixed-income securities also may decide to prepay their obligations in order to borrow at lower market rates, which exacerbates the risk that we may have to invest the cash proceeds of these securities in lower-yielding or lower-credit instruments. Declining interest rates from 2002 to 2004 contributed to a decrease in our weighted average investment yield from 5.2% for the year ended December 31, 2002 to 4.6% and 4.2% for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively.
Downturns and volatility in equity markets could adversely affect our business and profitability.
Significant downturns and volatility in equity markets could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations in two principal ways. First, market downturns and volatility may discourage purchases of separate account products, such as variable annuities and variable life insurance, that have returns linked to the performance of the equity markets and may cause some existing customers to withdraw cash values or reduce investments in those products.
Second, downturns and volatility in equity markets can have an adverse effect on the value of assets in our separate accounts, which, in turn, affects our revenues and returns from our fee-based products. Because these products and services depend on fees related primarily to the value of assets under management, a decline in the equity markets could reduce our revenues by reducing the value of the investment assets we manage. In addition, some of our variable annuity products contain guaranteed minimum death benefits and guaranteed minimum income payments tied to the investment performance of the assets held within the variable annuity. A significant market decline could result in declines in account values which could increase our payments under guaranteed minimum death benefits and certain income payments in connection with variable annuities, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Defaults in our fixed-income securities portfolio may reduce our earnings.
Issuers of the fixed-income securities that we own may default on principal and interest payments. As a result of the economic downturn and recent corporate malfeasance, the number of companies defaulting on their debt obligations has increased dramatically in recent years. An economic downturn, further events of corporate malfeasance or a variety of other factors could cause declines in the value of our fixed maturities portfolio and cause our net earnings to decline.
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A downgrade or a potential downgrade in our financial strength or credit ratings could result in a loss of business and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Financial strength ratings, which various ratings organizations publish as measures of an insurance company’s ability to meet contractholder and policyholder obligations, are important to maintaining public confidence in our products, the ability to market our products and our competitive position. We currently have financial strength ratings of “AA-” (Very Strong) from S&P and Fitch and “Aa3” (Excellent) from Moody’s. The “AA-” rating is the fourth-highest of S&P’s 20 ratings categories. The “Aa3” rating is the fourth-highest of Moody’s 21 ratings categories. The “AA-” rating is the fourth-highest of Fitch’s 24 ratings categories.
A downgrade in our financial strength ratings, or the announced potential for a downgrade, could have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations in many ways, including:
| • | | reducing new sales of insurance products, annuities and other investment products; |
| • | | adversely affecting our relationships with independent sales intermediaries and our dedicated sales specialists; |
| • | | materially increasing the number or amount of policy surrenders and withdrawals by contractholders and policyholders; |
| • | | requiring us to reduce prices for many of our products and services to remain competitive; and |
| • | | adversely affecting our ability to obtain reinsurance or obtain reasonable pricing on reinsurance. |
In addition to our financial strength ratings, ratings agencies also publish our credit ratings. The credit ratings have an impact on the interest rates we pay on the money we borrow. Therefore, a downgrade in our credit ratings could increase our cost of borrowing and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our ratings are not evaluations directed to the protection of policyholders and contractholders.
Our ratings described under “—Financial Strength Ratings” reflect each rating agency’s current opinion of our financial strength, operating performance and ability to meet obligations to policyholders and contractholders. These factors are of concern to policyholders, contractholders, agents, sales intermediaries and lenders. Ratings are not evaluations directed to the protection of investors in our securities. In addition, the standards used by rating agencies in determining financial strength are different from capital requirements set by state insurance regulators. We may need to take actions in response to changing standards set by any of the ratings agencies, as well as statutory capital requirements, which could cause our business and operations to suffer.
If our reserves for future policy benefits and claims are inadequate, we may be required to increase our reserve liabilities, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We calculate and maintain reserves for estimated future benefit payments to our policyholders and contractholders in accordance with U.S. GAAP and industry accounting practices. We release these reserves as those future obligations are extinguished. The reserves we establish reflect estimates and actuarial assumptions with regard to our future experience. These estimates and actuarial assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment. Our future financial results depend significantly upon the extent to which our actual future experience is consistent with the assumptions we have used in pricing our products and determining our reserves. Many factors can affect future experience, including economic and social conditions, inflation, healthcare costs, changes in doctrines of legal liability and damage awards in litigation. Therefore, we cannot determine with complete precision the ultimate amounts we will pay for actual future benefits or the timing of those payments.
We continually monitor our reserves. If we conclude that our reserves are insufficient to cover actual or expected policy and contract benefits and claims payments, we would be required to increase our reserves and incur income statement charges for the period in which we make the determination, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Some of our investments are relatively illiquid.
Our investments in privately placed fixed maturities, mortgage loans, policy loans and limited partnership interests are relatively illiquid. These asset classes represented 41.7% of the carrying value of our total cash and invested assets as of December 31, 2004. If we require significant amounts of cash on short notice in excess of our normal cash requirements, we may have difficulty selling these investments in a timely manner, be forced to sell them for less than we otherwise would have been able to realize, or both. If an unexpected number of contractholders exercise their right to early termination and we are unable to access other liquidity sources, we may have to liquidate assets quickly. Our inability to quickly dispose of illiquid investments could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
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Intense competition could negatively affect our ability to maintain or increase our market share and profitability.
Our businesses are subject to intense competition. We believe the principal competitive factors in the sale of our products are product features, price, commission structure, marketing and distribution arrangements, brand, reputation, financial strength ratings and service.
Many other companies actively compete for sales in our Retirement Income and Investments and Protection markets, including other major insurers, banks, other financial institutions, mutual fund and money asset management firms and specialty providers.
In many of our product lines, we face competition from competitors that have greater market share or breadth of distribution, offer a broader range of products, services or features, assume a greater level of risk, have lower profitability expectations or have higher financial strength ratings than we do. Many competitors offer similar products and use similar distribution channels. The substantial expansion of banks’ and insurance companies’ distribution capacities and expansion of product features in recent years have intensified pressure on margins and production levels and have increased the level of competition in many of our business lines.
We may be unable to attract and retain independent sales intermediaries and dedicated sales specialists.
We distribute our products through financial intermediaries, independent producers and dedicated sales specialists. We compete with other financial institutions to attract and retain commercial relationships in each of these channels, and our success in competing for sales through these sales intermediaries depends upon factors such as the amount of sales commissions and fees we pay, the breadth of our product offerings, the strength of our brand, our perceived stability and our financial strength ratings, the marketing and services we provide to them and the strength of the relationships we maintain with individuals at those firms. From time to time, due to competitive forces, we have experienced unusually high attrition in particular sales channels for specific products. An inability to recruit productive independent sales intermediaries and dedicated sales specialists, or our inability to retain strong relationships with the individual agents at our independent sales intermediaries, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
If the counterparties to our reinsurance arrangements or to the derivative instruments we use to hedge our business risks default or fail to perform, we may be exposed to risks we had sought to mitigate, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We use reinsurance and derivative instruments to mitigate our risks in various circumstances. Reinsurance does not relieve us of our direct liability to our policyholders, even when the reinsurer is liable to us. Accordingly, we bear credit risk with respect to our reinsurers. We cannot assure you that our reinsurers will pay the reinsurance recoverable owed to us now or in the future or that they will pay these recoverables on a timely basis. A reinsurer’s insolvency, inability or unwillingness to make payments under the terms of its reinsurance agreement with us could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Prior to the completion of Genworth’s IPO, we ceded to UFLIC effective as of January 1, 2004, policy obligations under our structured settlement contracts, which had reserves of $0.3 billion, and our variable annuity contracts which had general account reserves of $2.5 billion and separate account reserves of $7.6 billion, in each case as of December 31, 2003. These contracts represent substantially all of our contracts, excluding the GERATM product that was not reinsured, that were in force as of December 31, 2003 for these products. UFLIC has established trust accounts for our benefit to secure its obligations under the reinsurance arrangements, and GE Capital has agreed to maintain UFLIC’s risk-based capital above a specified minimum level. If UFLIC becomes insolvent notwithstanding this agreement, and the amounts in the trust accounts are insufficient to pay UFLIC’s obligations to us, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
In addition, we use derivative instruments to hedge various business risks. We may enter into a variety of derivative instruments, including options, forwards, interest rate and currency swaps and options to enter into interest rate and currency swaps with a number of counterparties. If our counterparties fail or refuse to honor their obligations under the derivative instruments, our hedges of the related risk will be ineffective. Such failure could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We are heavily regulated, and changes in regulation may reduce our profitability and limit our growth.
As an insurance company, we are subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations. State insurance laws regulate most aspects of our insurance business, and we are regulated by the insurance departments of the states in which we are domiciled and licensed.
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State laws grant insurance regulatory authorities broad administrative powers with respect to, among other things:
| • | | licensing companies and agents to transact business; |
| • | | calculating the value of assets to determine compliance with statutory requirements; |
| • | | mandating certain insurance benefits; |
| • | | regulating certain premium rates; |
| • | | reviewing and approving policy forms; |
| • | | regulating unfair trade and claims practices, including through the imposition of restrictions on marketing and sales practices, distribution arrangements and payment of inducements; |
| • | | establishing statutory capital and reserve requirements and solvency standards; |
| • | | fixing maximum interest rates on insurance policy loans and minimum rates for guaranteed crediting rates on life insurance policies and annuity contracts; |
| • | | approving changes in control of insurance companies; and |
| • | | regulating the types, amounts and valuation of investments. |
State insurance regulators and the NAIC regularly reexamine existing laws and regulations applicable to insurance companies and their products. Changes in these laws and regulations, or in interpretations thereof, are often made for the benefit of the consumer at the expense of the insurer and thus could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
In December 2004, the NAIC approved amendments to the NAIC’s model Producer Licensing Act. The amendments contain new disclosure requirements for producers regarding compensation arrangements. If adopted, the NAIC amendments would require producers to disclose to customers, in certain circumstances, information concerning compensation arrangements. The NAIC also directed its Executive Task Force on Broker Activities to give further consideration to the development of additional requirements for recognition of a fiduciary responsibility on the part of producers, disclosure of all quotes received by a broker and disclosures relating to reinsurance arrangements between insurers and reinsurance companies affiliated with a producer. We cannot predict the effect that the NAIC’s recent compensation disclosure amendments or anticipated future activities in this area, at the NAIC or state level, will have on influencing future legal actions, changes to business practices or regulatory requirements applicable to us.
Currently, the U.S. federal government does not regulate directly the business of insurance. However, federal legislation and administrative policies in several areas can significantly and adversely affect insurance companies. These areas include financial services regulation, securities regulation, pension regulation, privacy, tort reform legislation and taxation. In addition, various forms of direct federal regulation of insurance have been proposed. These proposals include “The State Modernization and Regulatory Transparency Act,” which would maintain state-based regulation of insurance but would affect state regulation of certain aspects of the business of insurance including rates, agent and company licensing, and market conduct examinations. We cannot predict whether this or other proposals will be adopted, or what impact, if any, such proposals or, if enacted, such laws may have on our business, financial condition or results of operation.
Many of our customers and independent sales intermediaries also operate in regulated environments. Changes in the regulations that affect their operations also may affect our business relationships with them and their ability to purchase or to distribute our products. Accordingly, these changes could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.
Compliance with applicable laws and regulations is time consuming and personnel-intensive, and changes in these laws and regulations may increase materially our direct and indirect compliance and other expenses of doing business, thus having an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Legal and regulatory investigations and actions are increasingly common in the insurance business and may result in financial losses and harm our reputation.
We face a significant risk of litigation and regulatory investigations and actions in the ordinary course of operating our businesses, including the risk of class action lawsuits. Our pending legal and regulatory actions include proceedings specific to us and others generally applicable to business practices in the industries in which we operate. We are or may
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become subject to class actions and individual suits alleging, among other things, issues relating to sales or underwriting practices, payment of contingent or other sales commissions, claims payments and procedures, product design, disclosure, administration, additional premium charges for premiums paid on a periodic basis, denial or delay of benefits and breaches of fiduciary or other duties to customers. Plaintiffs in class action and other lawsuits against us may seek very large or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, which may remain unknown for substantial periods of time. We are also subject to various regulatory inquiries, such as information requests, subpoenas and books and record examinations, from state, federal and international regulators and other authorities. A substantial legal liability or a significant regulatory action against us could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, even if we ultimately prevail in the litigation, regulatory action or investigation, we could suffer significant reputational harm, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Recently, the insurance industry has become the focus of increased scrutiny by regulatory and law enforcement authorities concerning certain practices within the insurance industry. In this regard, in May 2005, we received a subpoena from the Northeast Regional Office of the SEC, requiring the production of documents related to “certain loss mitigation insurance products,” such as finite risk reinsurance. We are cooperating fully with the SEC with respect to its subpoena. In June 2005, GE received a subpoena from the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York, also on the same general subject. In the subpoena, GE is defined as including, among other things, its subsidiaries and affiliates. We are cooperating with GE in connection with GE’s response to the subpoena.
This industry scrutiny also includes the commencement of investigations and other proceedings by the New York State Attorney General and other governmental authorities relating to allegations of improper conduct in connection with the payment of, and the failure to disclose, contingent commissions by insurance companies to insurance brokers and agents, the solicitation and provision of fictitious or inflated quotes, the use of inducements to brokers or companies in the sale of insurance products and the use of captive reinsurance arrangements. We have not received a subpoena or inquiry from the State of New York with respect to these matters. However, as part of industry-wide inquiries in this regard, we have received inquiries and informational requests with respect to some of these matters from other federal and state regulatory authorities. We have responded to these inquiries and informational requests and will continue to cooperate with these regulatory authorities.
Recent industry-wide inquiries also include those regarding market timing and late trading in variable annuity contracts, variable annuity sales practices/exchanges and electronic communication document retention practices. In this regard, we responded in late 2003 to a New York State Attorney General subpoena regarding market timing and late trading in variable products and mutual funds. We have not received any further inquiries from the New York State Attorney General regarding these matters, although we received inquiries and informational requests regarding these matters from other federal and state regulatory authorities. We have responded to these inquiries, follow-up inquiries and informational requests and will continue to cooperate with these regulatory authorities.
We cannot assure you that the current investigations and proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. It is also possible that related investigations and proceedings may be commenced in the future, and we could become subject to further investigations and have lawsuits filed or enforcement actions initiated against us. In addition, increased regulatory scrutiny and any resulting investigations or proceedings could result in new legal precedents and industry-wide regulations or practices that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operation.
We have significant operations in India that could be adversely affected by changes in the political or economic stability of India or government policies in India or the U.S.
Through an arrangement with an outsourcing provider that is 40% owned by GE, we have a substantial team of professionals in India who provide a variety of services to us, including customer service, transaction processing, and functional support including finance, investment research, actuarial, risk and marketing. The development of an operations center in India has been facilitated partly by the liberalization policies pursued by the Indian government over the past decade. The current government of India, formed in October 1999, has announced policies and taken initiatives that support the continued economic liberalization policies that have been pursued by previous governments. However, we cannot assure you that these liberalization policies will continue in the future. The rate of economic liberalization could change, and specific laws and policies affecting our business could change as well. A significant change in India’s economic liberalization and deregulation policies could adversely affect business and economic conditions in India generally and our business in particular.
The political or regulatory climate in the U.S. or elsewhere also could change so that it would not be practical or legal for us to use international operations centers, such as call centers. For example, changes in privacy regulations, or more stringent interpretation or enforcement of these regulations, could require us to curtail our use of low-cost operations in India to service our businesses, which could reduce the cost benefits we currently realize from using these operations.
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Our computer systems may fail or their security may be compromised, which could damage our business and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation.
Our business is highly dependent upon the uninterrupted operation of our computer systems. We rely on these systems throughout our business for a variety of functions, including processing claims and applications, providing information to customers and distributors, performing actuarial analyses and maintaining financial records. Despite the implementation of security measures, our computer systems may be vulnerable to physical or electronic intrusions, computer viruses or other attacks, programming errors and similar disruptive problems. The failure of these systems for any reason could cause significant interruptions to our operations, which could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operation.
We retain confidential information in our computer systems, and we rely on sophisticated commercial technologies to maintain the security of those systems. Anyone who is able to circumvent our security measures and penetrate our computer systems could access, view, misappropriate, alter, or delete any information in the systems, including personally identifiable customer information and proprietary business information. In addition, an increasing number of states and foreign countries require that customers be notified if a security breach results in the disclosure of personally identifiable customer information. Any compromise of the security of our computer systems that results in inappropriate disclosure of personally identifiable customer information could damage our reputation in the marketplace, deter people from purchasing our products, subject us to significant civil and criminal liability and require us to incur significant technical, legal and other expenses.
The occurrence of natural or man-made disasters could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation.
We are exposed to various risks arising out of natural disasters, including earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and tornadoes, or man-made disasters, including acts of terrorism and military actions. For example, a natural or man-made disaster could lead to unexpected changes in persistency rates as policyholders and contractholders who are affected by the disaster may be unable to meet their contractual obligations, such as payment of premiums on our insurance policies and deposits into our investment products. The continued threat of terrorism and ongoing military actions may cause significant volatility in global financial markets, and a natural or man-made disaster could trigger an economic downturn in the areas directly or indirectly affected by the disaster. These consequences could, among other things, result in a decline in business and increased claims from those areas. Disasters also could disrupt public and private infrastructure, including communications and financial services, which could disrupt our normal business operations.
A natural or man-made disaster also could disrupt the operations of our counterparties or result in increased prices for the products and services they provide to us. For example, a natural or man-made disaster could lead to increased reinsurance prices and potentially cause us to retain more risk than we otherwise would retain if we were able to obtain reinsurance at lower prices. In addition, a disaster could adversely affect the value of the assets in our investment portfolio if it affects companies’ ability to pay principal or interest on their securities. See “—We may face losses if there are significant deviations from our assumptions regarding the future persistency of our insurance policies and annuity contracts”.
We may face losses if mortality rates differ significantly from our pricing expectations.
We set prices for our insurance and some annuity products based upon expected claims and payment patterns, using assumptions for, among other things, mortality rates, or likelihood of death, of our policyholders and contractholders. The long-term profitability of these products depends upon how our actual experience compares with our pricing assumptions. For example, if mortality rates are lower than our pricing assumptions, we could be required to make greater payments under annuity contracts than we had projected. Conversely, if mortality rates are higher than our pricing assumptions, we could be required to make greater payments under our life insurance policies and annuity contracts with guaranteed minimum death benefits than we had projected.
We may be required to accelerate the amortization of deferred acquisition costs and the present value of future profits, which would increase our expenses and reduce profitability.
Deferred acquisition costs, or DAC, represent costs which vary with and are primarily related to the sale and issuance of our insurance policies and investment contracts that are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the related insurance policies and investment contracts. These costs include commissions in excess of ultimate renewal commissions, solicitation and printing costs, sales material and some support costs, such as underwriting and contract and policy issuance expenses. Under U.S. GAAP, DAC is subsequently amortized to income, over the lives of the underlying contracts, in relation to the anticipated recognition of premiums or gross profits. In addition, when we acquire a block of insurance policies or investment contracts, we assign a portion of the purchase price to the right to receive future net cash flows from existing insurance and investment contracts and policies. This intangible asset, called the present value of future profits, or PVFP, represents the actuarially estimated present value of future cash flows from the acquired policies. We amortize the value of this intangible asset in a manner similar to the amortization of DAC.
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Our amortization of DAC and PVFP generally depends upon anticipated profits from investments, surrender and other policy and contract charges, mortality, morbidity and maintenance expense margins. Unfavorable experience with regard to expected expenses, investment returns, mortality, morbidity, withdrawals or lapses may cause us to increase the amortization of DAC or PVFP, or both, or to record a charge to increase benefit reserves.
We regularly review DAC and PVFP to determine if they are recoverable from future income. If these costs are not recoverable, they are charged to expenses in the financial period in which we make this determination. For example, if we determine that we are unable to recover DAC from profits over the life of a block of insurance policies or annuity contracts, or if withdrawals or surrender charges associated with early withdrawals do not fully offset the unamortized acquisition costs related to those policies or annuities, we would be required to recognize the additional DAC amortization as a current-period expense.
We may be required to recognize impairment in the value of our goodwill, which would increase our expenses and reduce our profitability.
Goodwill represents the excess of the amount we paid to acquire our subsidiaries and other businesses over the fair value of their net assets at the date of the acquisition. Under U.S. GAAP, we test the carrying value of goodwill for impairment at least annually at the “reporting unit” level, which is either an operating segment or a business one level below the operating segment. Goodwill is impaired if the fair value of the reporting unit as a whole is less than the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, plus the carrying value of goodwill, at the date of the test. For example, goodwill may become impaired if the fair value of a reporting unit as a whole were to decline by an amount greater than the decline in the value of its individual identifiable assets and liabilities. This may occur for various reasons, including changes in actual or expected earnings or cash flows of a reporting unit, generation of earnings by a reporting unit at a lower rate of return than similar businesses or declines in market prices for publicly traded businesses similar to our reporting units. If any portion of our goodwill becomes impaired, we would be required to recognize the amount of the impairment as a current-period expense.
Medical advances, such as genetic research and diagnostic imaging, and related legislation could adversely affect the financial performance of our life insurance and annuities businesses.
Genetic research includes procedures focused on identifying key genes that render an individual predisposed to specific diseases, such as particular types of cancer and other diseases. Other medical advances, such as diagnostic imaging technologies, also may be used to detect the early onset of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. We believe that if individuals learn through medical advances that they are predisposed to particular conditions that may reduce life longevity, they will be more likely to purchase our life policies or not to permit existing polices to lapse. In contrast, if individuals learn that they lack the genetic predisposition to develop the conditions that reduce longevity, they will be less likely to purchase our life insurance products but more likely to purchase certain annuity products. In addition, such individuals that are existing policyholders will be more likely to permit their policies to lapse.
If we were to gain access to the same genetic or medical information as our prospective policyholders and contractholders, then we would be able to take this information into account in pricing our life insurance policies and annuity contracts. However, there are a number of regulatory proposals that would make genetic and other medical information confidential and unavailable to insurance companies. The U.S. Senate has approved a bill that would prohibit group health plans, health insurers and employers from making enrollment decisions or adjusting premiums on the basis of genetic testing information. This legislation is now pending before a committee at the House of Representatives. Legislators in certain states also have introduced similar legislation. If these regulatory proposals were enacted, prospective policyholders and contractholders would only disclose this information if they chose to do so voluntarily. These factors could lead us to reduce sales of products affected by these regulatory proposals and could result in a deterioration of the risk profile of our portfolio, which could lead to payments to our policyholders and contractholders that are higher than we anticipated.
Medical advances also could lead to new forms of preventative care. Preventative care could extend the life and improve the overall health of individuals. If this were to occur, the duration of payments under certain of our annuity products likely would increase, thereby reducing net earnings in that business.
We may face losses if there are significant deviations from our assumptions regarding the future persistency of our insurance policies and annuity contracts.
The prices and expected future profitability of our insurance and deferred annuity products are based in part upon expected patterns of premiums, expenses and benefits, using a number of assumptions, including those related to persistency, which is the probability that a policy or contract will remain in-force from one period to the next. The effect
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of persistency on profitability varies for different products. For most of our life insurance and deferred annuity products, actual persistency that is lower than our persistency assumptions could have an adverse impact on profitability, especially in the early years of a policy or contract primarily because we would be required to accelerate the amortization of expenses we deferred in connection with the acquisition of the policy or contract. For our life insurance policies, increased persistency that is the result of the sale of policies to third parties that continue to make premium payments on policies that would otherwise have lapsed, also known as life settlements, could have an adverse impact on profitability because of the higher claims rate associated with settled policies. For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, persistency in fixed annuity businesses has been slightly higher than assumed, while persistency in our variable annuity and certain health insurance products has been slightly lower than we had assumed.
Because our assumptions regarding persistency experience are inherently uncertain, reserves for future policy benefits and claims may prove to be inadequate if actual persistency experience is different from those assumptions. Although some of our products permit us to increase premiums during the life of the policy or contract, we cannot guarantee that these increases would be sufficient to maintain profitability. Moreover, many of our products do not permit us to increase premiums or limit those increases during the life of the policy or contract. Significant deviations in experience from pricing expectations regarding persistency could have an adverse effect on the profitability of our products.
Changes in tax laws could make some of our products less attractive to consumers.
Changes in tax laws could make some of our products less attractive to consumers. For example, in May 2003, U.S. President George W. Bush signed into law the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, which reduced the federal income tax that investors are required to pay on long-term capital gains and on some dividends paid on stock. This reduction may provide an incentive for some of our customers and potential customers to shift assets into mutual funds and away from products, including annuities, designed to defer taxes payable on investment returns. Because the income taxes payable on long-term capital gains and some dividends paid on stock have been reduced, investors may decide that the tax-deferral benefits of annuity contracts are less advantageous than the potential after-tax income benefits of mutual funds or other investment products that provide dividends and long-term capital gains. A shift away from annuity contracts and other tax-deferred products would reduce our income from sales of these products, as well as the assets upon which we earn investment income.
We cannot predict whether any other legislation will be enacted, what the specific terms of any such legislation will be or how, if at all, this legislation or any other legislation could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in U.S. federal and state securities laws may affect our operations and our profitability.
U.S. federal and state securities laws apply to investment products that are also “securities,” including variable annuities and variable life insurance policies. As a result, the policies and contracts we offer are subject to regulation under these federal and state securities laws. Our separate accounts are registered as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Some variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies issued by us are registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
Securities laws and regulations are primarily intended to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to protect investors in the securities markets or investment advisory or brokerage clients. These laws and regulations generally grant supervisory agencies broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict the conduct of business for failure to comply with those laws and regulations. Changes to these laws or regulations that restrict the conduct of our business could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Relating to Our Separation from GE
Our separation from GE could adversely affect our business and profitability due to GE’s strong brand and reputation.
As an indirect subsidiary of GE, our businesses have marketed many of their products using the “GE” brand name and logo, and we believe the association with GE has provided many benefits, including:
| • | | a world-class brand associated with trust, integrity and longevity; |
| • | | perception of high-quality products and services; |
| • | | preferred status among our customers, independent sales intermediaries and employees; |
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| • | | strong capital base and financial strength; and |
| • | | established relationships with U.S. federal and state regulators. |
Our separation from GE following Genworth’s corporate reorganization and the IPO could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain highly qualified independent sales intermediaries and dedicated sales specialists for our products. In addition, because of our separation from GE, some of our existing policyholders, contractholders and other customers may choose to stop doing business with us, and this could increase our rate of surrenders and withdrawals in our policies and contracts. In addition, other potential policyholders and contractholders may decide not to purchase our products because of our separation from GE.
We cannot accurately predict the effect that our separation from GE will have on our sales intermediaries, customers or employees. The risks relating to our separation from GE could materialize at various times in the future, including:
| • | | GE’s reduction in its ownership in Genworth’s common stock to below 50%; and |
| • | | when we cease using the GE name and logo in our sales and marketing materials, particularly when we deliver notices to our distributors and customers that our name will change. |
We only have the right to use the GE brand name and logo for a limited period of time. If we fail to establish in a timely manner a new, independently recognized brand name with a strong reputation, our revenue and profitability could decline.
Since the completion of Genworth’s IPO, we may use the GE brand name and logo in marketing our products and services for only a limited period of time. Pursuant to a transitional trademark license agreement, GE granted us the right to use the “GE” mark and the “GE” monogram for up to five years after Genworth’s IPO in connection with our products and services. GE also granted us the right to use “GE,” “General Electric” and “GE Capital” in the corporate names of Genworth subsidiaries until the earlier of twelve months after the date on which GE owns less than 20% of Genworth’s outstanding common stock and May 24, 2009. When our right to use the GE brand name and logo expires, we may not be able to maintain or enjoy comparable name recognition or status under our new brand. In addition, insurance regulators in jurisdictions where we do business could require us to accelerate the transition to our independent brand. If we are unable to successfully manage the transition of our business to our new brand, our reputation among our independent sales intermediaries, customers and employees could be adversely affected.
The terms of our arrangements with GE may be more favorable than we would be able to obtain from an unaffiliated third party. We may be unable to replace the services GE provides us in a timely manner or on comparable terms.
Genworth and GE entered into a transition services agreement and other agreements in connection with the IPO. Pursuant to these arrangements, GE and its affiliates agreed to provide us with a variety of services, including investment management, treasury, payroll and other financial services, human resources and employee benefit services, legal services, information systems and network services, and procurement and sourcing support.
Genworth negotiated these arrangements with GE in the context of a parent-subsidiary relationship. Although GE is contractually obligated to provide us with services during the terms of these arrangements, we cannot assure you that these services will be sustained at the same level after the expiration of those arrangements, or that we will be able to replace these services in a timely manner or on comparable terms. Other agreements with GE also govern the relationship between us and GE and provide for the allocation of employee benefit, tax and other liabilities and obligations attributable or related to periods or events prior to Genworth’s IPO. They also contain terms and provisions that may be more favorable than terms and provisions we might have obtained in arm’s-length negotiations with unaffiliated third parties. When GE ceases to provide services pursuant to those arrangements, our costs of procuring those services from third parties may increase.
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If GE engages in the same type of business we conduct, our ability to successfully operate and expand our business may be hampered.
Genworth’s certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to any contractual provision to the contrary, GE will have no obligation to refrain from:
| • | | engaging in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as us; or |
| • | | doing business with, or in competition with, any of our clients, customers or vendors. |
GE is a diversified technology and services company with significant financial services businesses, including consumer finance, asset management and insurance activities. GE is engaged in the marketing of supplemental life insurance, including accidental death and dismemberment coverage and in the marketing and underwriting of dental and vision insurance, medical stop-loss insurance and primary property and casualty insurance. Because of GE’s significant financial resources, GE could have a significant competitive advantage over us should it decide to engage in businesses that compete with any of the businesses we conduct.
GE has generally agreed not to use the “GE” mark or the “GE” monogram or the name “General Electric” until May 24, 2009 in connection with the marketing or underwriting on a primary basis of life insurance and annuities anywhere in the world. GE’s agreement to restrict the use of its brand will terminate earlier upon the occurrence of certain events, including termination of our transitional trademark license agreement with GE and our discontinuation of the use of the “GE” mark or the “GE” monogram.
Conflicts of interest may arise between Genworth and GE that could be resolved in a manner unfavorable to us.
Questions relating to conflicts of interest may arise between Genworth and GE in a number of areas relating to our past and ongoing relationships. Five of Genworth’s directors were designated to Genworth’s board of directors by GE. One of these directors is both an officer and director of GE, and the other four of these directors are also officers of GE. These directors and a number of our parent’s officers own substantial amounts of GE stock and options to purchase GE stock, and all of them participate in GE pension plans. Ownership interests of Genworth’s directors or officers in GE shares, or service as a director or officer of both Genworth and GE, could give rise to potential conflicts of interest when a director or officer is faced with a decision that could have different implications for the two companies. These potential conflicts could arise, for example, over matters such as the desirability of an acquisition opportunity, employee retention or recruiting, or our dividend policy.
The corporate opportunity policy set forth in Genworth’s certificate of incorporation addresses potential conflicts of interest between Genworth, on the one hand, and GE and its officers and directors who are directors of Genworth, on the other hand. Although these provisions are designed to resolve conflicts between Genworth and GE fairly, we cannot assure you that any conflicts will be so resolved.
Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements
This report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “will,” or words of similar meaning and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the outlook for our future business and financial performance. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions, which are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially due to global political, economic, business, competitive, market, regulatory and other factors, including the following:
| • | | Risks relating to our businesses, including interest rate fluctuations, downturns and volatility in equity markets, defaults in portfolio securities, downgrades in our financial strength and credit ratings, insufficiency of reserves, legal constraints on dividend distributions, illiquidity of investments, competition, inability to attract or retain independent sales intermediaries and dedicated sales specialists, defaults by counterparties, foreign exchange rate fluctuations, regulatory restrictions on our operations and changes in applicable laws and regulations, legal or regulatory actions or investigations, political or economic instability, the failure of any compromise of the security of our computer systems and the occurrence of natural or man-made disasters; |
| • | | Risks relating to our Retirement Income and Investments and Protection segments, including unexpected changes in mortality, morbidity and unemployment rates, accelerated amortization of deferred acquisition costs and present value of future profits, goodwill impairments, medical advances such as genetic mapping research, unexpected changes in persistency rates, increases in statutory reserve requirements and changes in tax and securities laws; |
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| • | | Risks relating to our separation from GE, including the loss of benefits associated with GE’s brand and reputation, our need to establish our new Genworth brand identity quickly and effectively, the possibility that we will not be able to replace services previously provided by GE on terms that are at least as favorable, potential conflicts of interest with GE and GE’s engaging in the same type of business as we do in the future. |
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
Overview
Our business
We are one of a number of subsidiaries of Genworth, a company that, through its subsidiaries, provides consumers financial security solutions by selling a wide variety of insurance, investment and retirement products, primarily in North America. Our product offerings are divided along two segments of consumer needs: (1) Retirement Income and Investments and (2) Protection.
| • | | Retirement Income and Investments. We offer deferred annuities (variable and fixed) and variable life insurance to a broad range of individual consumers who want to accumulate tax-deferred assets for retirement, desire a tax-efficient source of income and seek to protect against outliving their assets. We also offer GICs and funding agreements as investment products to qualified buyers. |
| • | | Protection. Our Protection segment includes universal life insurance, interest-sensitive whole life insurance and Medicare supplement insurance. Life insurance products provide protection against financial hardship after the death of an insured by providing cash payment to the beneficiaries of the policyholder. Medicare supplement insurance provides coverage for Medicare-qualified expenses that are not covered by Medicare because of applicable deductibles or maximum limits. |
We also have a Corporate and Other segment, which consists primarily of net realized investment gains, unallocated corporate income, expenses and income taxes.
Revenues and expenses
Our revenues consist primarily of the following:
| • | | Retirement Income and Investments. The revenues in our Retirement Income and Investments segment consist primarily of: |
| • | | net investment income allocated to this segment; and |
| • | | policy fees and other income, including surrender charges and mortality and expense charges. |
| • | | Protection. The revenues in our Protection segment consist primarily of: |
| • | | net premiums earned on individual life and Medicare supplement insurance policies; and |
| • | | net investment income allocated to this segment’s lines of business; and |
| • | | policy fees and other income, including fees for mortality and surrender charges primarily from universal life insurance policies, and other administrative charges. |
| • | | Corporate and Other. The revenues in our Corporate and Other segment consist primarily of: |
| • | | unallocated net investment income; and |
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| • | | net realized investment gains. |
We allocate net investment income from our Corporate and Other segment to our Retirement Income and Investments and Protection segments using an approach based principally upon the investment portfolio established to support each of those segments’ products and targeted capital levels.
All net realized investment gains are reflected in the Corporate and Other segment and are not reflected in the results of any of our other segments.
Our expenses consist primarily of the following:
| • | | benefits provided to policyholders and contractholders and changes in reserves; |
| • | | interest credited on general account balances; |
| • | | underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses, including commissions, marketing expenses, policy and contract servicing costs, overhead and other general expenses that are not capitalized (shown net of deferrals); |
| • | | amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and other intangible assets; |
We allocate corporate expenses to each of our operating segments based on the amount of capital allocated to that segment.
Business trends and conditions
In recent years, our business has been, and we expect will continue to be, influenced by a number of industry-wide and product-specific trends and conditions.
Market and economic environment
Aging U.S. population with growing retirement income needs. According to the U.S. Social Security Administration in a report issued in 2004, from 1945 to 2003, U.S. life expectancy at birth increased from 62.9 years to 74.4 years for men and from 68.4 years to 79.5 years for women, respectively, and life expectancy is expected to increase further. In addition, increasing numbers of baby boomers are approaching retirement age. Based on the 2000 census, the U.S. Census Bureau projects that the percentage of the U.S. population aged 55 or older will increase from approximately 22% (65 million) in 2004 to more than 29% (97 million) in 2020. These increases in life expectancy and the average age of the U.S. population heighten the risk that individuals will outlive their retirement savings. In addition, approximately $4.2 trillion of invested financial assets are held by people within 10 years of retirement and approximately $2.4 trillion of invested financial assets are held by individuals who are under age 70 and consider themselves retired, in each case according to a survey conducted by SRI Consulting Business Intelligence in 2004. We believe these trends will lead to growing demand for retirement income and investment products, such as our annuities and other investment products that help consumers accumulate assets and provide reliable retirement income.
General conditions and trends affecting our businesses
Interest rate fluctuations. Fluctuations in market interest rates may have a significant effect on our sales of insurance and investment products and our margins on these products. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors beyond our control. In our Retirement Income and Investments and Protection segments, low market interest rates may reduce the spreads between the amounts we credit to policyholders and contractholders and the yield we earn on the investments that support these obligations. In response to the unusually low interest rates that have prevailed during the last several years, we have reduced crediting rates on in-force contracts where permitted to do so. These actions have helped mitigate the adverse impact of low interest rates on our spreads and profitability on these products. A gradual increase in interest rates
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generally would have a favorable effect on the profitability of these products. However, rapidly rising interest rates also could result in reduced persistency in our spread-based retail products as contractholders shift assets into higher yielding investments.
Volatile equity markets. Equity market volatility may discourage purchases of separate account products, such as variable annuities and variable life insurance, that have returns linked to the performance of the equity markets and may cause some existing customers to withdraw cash values or reduce investments in those products. Equity market volatility also affects the value of the assets in our separate accounts, which, in turn, affects our earnings from fee-based products. After several years of declines, equity markets increased in 2003 and 2004, and we expect that increases or relative stability in equity markets could have a favorable impact on our sales of variable products and our earnings from those products. The potential impact of volatile equity markets on our results has been significantly reduced as a result of our reinsurance arrangements with UFLIC, pursuant to which we reinsured, effective as of January 1, 2004, substantially all of our in-force blocks of variable annuities and structured settlement business. We retain variable annuities sold after January 1, 2004 for our own account, subject to third-party reinsurance transactions in the ordinary course of business, and therefore we bear the risk of any adverse impact of future equity market fluctuations on those annuities.
Credit default risk. As a result of the economic downturn in 2000 through 2002 and some high-profile corporate bankruptcies and scandals, the number of companies defaulting on their debt obligations increased dramatically in 2001 and 2002. These defaults and other declines in the value of some of our investments resulted in impairment charges. Credit defaults have decreased in recent years as the economy has improved. Charges associated with impairments of investments were $0.9 million, $26.4 million, and $77.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. A weakening in the economic recovery could lead to increased credit defaults.
Investment portfolio. The yield on our investment portfolio is affected by the practice, prior to Genworth’s separation from GE, of realizing investment gains through the sale of appreciated securities and other assets during a period of historically low interest rates. This strategy had been pursued to offset impairments and losses in our investment portfolio, fund consolidations and restructurings in our business and provide current income. Our gross realized gains were $80.2 million and $181.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. This strategy has had an adverse impact on the yield on our investment portfolio and our net investment income as we typically sold higher-yielding securities and reinvested the proceeds in lower-yielding securities during periods of declining or low interest rates. The impact is most significant in the Retirement Income and Investments segment, which has a higher percentage of our fixed maturities allocated to it than to our other segments.
Since Genworth’s separation from GE, our investment strategy has been to optimize investment income without relying on realized investment gains. As a result, our gross realized gains decreased to $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. We also are currently experiencing a challenging interest-rate environment in which the yields that we can achieve on new investments are lower than the aggregate yield on our existing portfolio. This environment has resulted in a decline in our overall investment yield, from 5.2% for the year ended December 31, 2002 to 4.6% and 4.2% for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively. We seek to mitigate this decline in investment yields by continuously evaluating our asset class mix, pursuing additional investment classes and accepting additional credit risk when we believe that it is prudent to do so. A continued increase in prevailing interest rates also will mitigate this decline, whereas a decrease in interest rates could lead to further declines.
Critical accounting policies
The accounting policies discussed in this section are those that we consider to be particularly critical to an understanding of our financial statements because their application places the most significant demands on our ability to judge the effect of inherently uncertain matters on our financial results. For all of these policies, we caution that future events rarely develop exactly as forecast, and our management’s best estimates may require adjustment.
Insurance liabilities and reserves.We calculate and maintain reserves for the estimated future payment of claims to our policyholders and contractholders based on actuarial assumptions and in accordance with industry practice and U.S. GAAP. Many factors can affect these reserves, including economic and social conditions, inflation, healthcare costs, changes in doctrines of legal liability and damage awards in litigation. Therefore, the reserves we establish are necessarily based on extensive estimates, assumptions and our analysis of historical experience. Our results depend significantly upon the extent to which our actual claims experience is consistent with the assumptions we used in determining our reserves and pricing our products. Our reserve assumptions and estimates require significant judgment and, therefore, are inherently uncertain. We cannot determine with precision that the ultimate amounts that we will pay for actual claims or the timing of those payments will be consistent with our reserve assumptions.
Insurance reserves differ for long- and short-duration insurance policies and annuity contracts. Measurement of long-duration insurance reserves is based on approved actuarial methods, but necessarily includes assumptions about
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expenses, mortality, morbidity, lapse rates and future yield on related investments. Short-duration contracts are accounted for based on actuarial estimates of the amount of loss inherent in that period’s claims, including losses incurred for which claims have not been reported. Short-duration contract loss estimates rely on actuarial observations of ultimate loss experience for similar historical events.
Deferred acquisition costs. Deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) represents costs which vary with and are primarily related to the sale and issuance of our insurance policies and investment contracts that are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the related insurance policies and investment contracts. These costs include commissions in excess of ultimate renewal commissions, solicitation and printing costs, sales material and some support costs, such as underwriting and contract and policy issuance expenses. DAC is subsequently amortized to income over the lives of the underlying policies and contracts, in relation to the anticipated recognition of premiums or gross profits.
The amortization of DAC for traditional long-duration insurance products is determined as a level proportion of premium based on commonly accepted actuarial methods and reasonable assumptions established when the contract or policy is issued about mortality, morbidity, lapse rates, expenses, and future yield on related investments. Amortization for annuity contracts without significant mortality risk and investment and universal life products is based on estimated gross profits and is adjusted as those estimates are revised. The DAC amortization methodology for our variable products (variable annuities and variable universal life insurance) includes a long-term equity market average appreciation assumption of 8.5%. When actual returns vary from the expected 8.5%, we assume a reversion to this mean over a 3- to 7-year period, subject to the imposition of ceilings and floors. The assumed returns over this reversion period are limited to the 85th percentile of historical market performance.
We regularly review all of these assumptions and periodically test DAC for recoverability. For deposit products, if the current present value of estimated future gross profits is less than the unamortized DAC for a line of business, a charge to income is recorded for additional DAC amortization. For other products, if the benefit reserves plus anticipated future premiums and interest earnings for a line of business are less than the current estimate of future benefits and expenses (including any unamortized DAC), a charge to income is recorded for additional DAC amortization or for increased benefit reserves.
Unfavorable experience with regard to expected expenses, investment returns, mortality, morbidity, withdrawals or lapses, may cause us to increase the amortization of DAC or to record a charge to increase benefit reserves. In recent years, the portion of estimated product margins required to amortize DAC has increased in most lines of our business, with the most significant impact on investment products, primarily as the result of lower investment returns.
Present value of future profits. In conjunction with the acquisition of a block of life insurance policies or investment contracts, a portion of the purchase price is assigned to the right to receive future gross profits arising from existing insurance and investment contracts. This intangible asset, called PVFP represents the actuarially estimated present value of future cash flows from the acquired policies. PVFP is amortized, net of accreted interest, in a manner similar to the amortization of DAC. We regularly review our assumptions and periodically test PVFP for recoverability in a manner similar to our treatment of DAC.
Goodwill impairment.Goodwill resulting from acquisitions is tested for impairment at least annually using a fair value approach, which requires the use of estimates and judgment. To the extent the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge to income would be recorded.
Valuation of investment securities. We obtain values for actively traded securities from external pricing services. For infrequently traded securities, we obtain quotes from brokers or we estimate values using internally developed pricing models. These models are based upon common valuation techniques and require us to make assumptions regarding credit quality, liquidity and other factors that affect estimated values.
Impairment of investment securities. We regularly review investment securities for impairment in accordance with our impairment policy, which includes both quantitative and qualitative criteria. Our quantitative criteria include length of time and amount that each security position is in an unrealized loss position, and for fixed maturities, whether the issuer is in compliance with terms and covenants of the security. Our qualitative criteria include the financial strength and specific prospects for the issuer as well as our intent to hold the security until recovery. We actively perform comprehensive market research, monitor market conditions and segment our investments by credit risk in order to minimize impairment risks.
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Operating Results
The following table sets forth our results of operations.
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| | Years ended December 31,
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(Dollar amounts in millions)
| | 2004
| | | 2003
| | | 2002
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Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | $ | 421.0 | | | $ | 538.0 | | | $ | 600.2 |
Net realized investment gains | | | 5.7 | | | | 3.9 | | | | 55.3 |
Premiums | | | 96.8 | | | | 104.0 | | | | 105.3 |
Cost of insurance | | | 142.2 | | | | 153.1 | | | | 125.8 |
Variable product fees | | | 9.4 | | | | 106.3 | | | | 113.9 |
Other income | | | 24.8 | | | | 35.5 | | | | 44.9 |
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Total revenues | | | 699.9 | | | | 940.8 | | | | 1,045.4 |
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Benefits and expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest credited | | | 291.2 | | | | 410.6 | | | | 462.1 |
Benefits and other changes in policy reserves | | | 182.8 | | | | 245.7 | | | | 178.2 |
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses, net of deferrals | | | 63.2 | | | | 149.0 | | | | 99.3 |
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles | | | 107.3 | | | | 118.9 | | | | 147.1 |
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Total benefits and expenses | | | 644.5 | | | | 924.2 | | | | 886.7 |
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Income before income taxes and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle | | | 55.4 | | | | 16.6 | | | | 158.7 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | | | (143.3 | ) | | | (3.1 | ) | | | 42.9 |
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Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle | | $ | 198.7 | | | $ | 19.7 | | | $ | 115.8 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of tax of $0.4 million | | | 0.7 | | | | — | | | | — |
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Net income | | $ | 199.4 | | | $ | 19.7 | | | $ | 115.8 |
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Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2003
Overview.Net income in 2004 was $199.4 million, a $179.7 million increase from 2003. The increase is primarily due to a tax benefit increase of $140.2 million resulting primarily from reinsurance transactions entered into in 2004, in which we ceded to UFLIC, an affiliate, substantially all of our in-force blocks of variable annuities and structured settlements. The reinsurance transactions with UFLIC were completed and accounted for at book value and will be reported on our tax returns at fair value as determined for tax purposes, giving rise to a net reduction in current and deferred income tax liabilities and resulting in a net tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2004. Also contributing to the increase was a $50.0 million litigation reserve in 2003 and an increase in investment income of $62.7 million in our Corporate and Other segment associated with an increase in invested assets not allocated to the operating segments. These amounts were partially offset by a goodwill impairment charge of $59.8 million in 2004 resulting from the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC.
Net investment income.Net investment income decreased $117.0 million, or 21.7%, to $421.0 million in 2004 from $538.0 million in 2003. The decrease was primarily a result of a $2,554.9 million, or 21.7%, decline in average invested assets. The decline in average invested assets was due primarily to the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC. Also contributing to the decrease in average invested assets was a decline in outstanding institutional stable value liabilities.
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Net realized investment gains.Net realized investment gains consist of gross realized investment gains and gross realized investment (losses), including charges related to impairments. Net realized investment gains increased $1.8 million to $5.7 million in 2004 from $3.9 million in 2003. For 2004, gross realized gains and (losses) were $10.7 million and $(5.0) million, respectively. Realized losses for 2004 included $0.9 million of impairments that were primarily attributable to fixed-maturity and equity securities. For 2003, gross realized gains and (losses) were $80.2 million and $(76.3) million, respectively. Realized losses for 2003 included $26.4 million of impairments, primarily attributable to fixed-maturity and equity securities.
Premiums.Premiums decreased $7.2 million, or 6.9% to $96.8 million in 2004 from $104.0 million in 2003. The decrease was primarily due to our Medicare supplement product. Medicare supplement premiums were down $8.3 million in 2004 driven by a reduction in due premiums offset by growth in new business and in-force premium rate actions.
Cost of Insurance.Cost of insurance decreased $10.9 million, or 7.1% to $142.2 million in 2004 from $153.1 million in 2003. The decrease was due primarily to a decline of universal life policies in-force.
Variable product fees.Variable product fees decreased $96.9 million to $9.4 million in 2004 from $106.3 million in 2003. The decrease in variable product fees was primarily due to the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC in which we ceded, effective January 1, 2004, the majority of our in-force variable annuities.
Other income.Other income decreased $10.7 million, or 30.1%, to $24.8 million in 2004 from $35.5 million in 2003. The decrease was due primarily to lower surrender fees attributable to the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC.
Interest credited. Interest credited represents interest credited on behalf of policyholder and contractholder general account balances. Interest credited decreased $119.4 million, or 29.1%, to $291.2 million for 2004 from $410.6 million for 2003. This decrease was primarily the result of an $84.5 million decrease attributable to the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC and a $33.2 million decrease attributable to institutional stable value products. This decrease was due to a combination of a decrease in liabilities and reduced crediting rates on book with the maturity of higher cost liabilities and the addition of new business with lower crediting rates.
Benefits and other changes in policy reserves.Benefits and other changes in policy reserves decreased $62.9 million, or 25.6%, to $182.8 million in 2004 from $245.7 million in 2003. The decrease was primarily a result of a $46.7 million decrease attributable to the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC and a $16.0 million reserve strengthening in 2003 related to whole life products.
Underwriting, Acquisition and Insurance Expenses, net of deferrals.Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses, net of deferrals, decreased $85.8 million, or 57.6%, to $63.2 million in 2004 from $149.0 million in the prior year. This decrease was primarily the result of a $50.0 million reserve accrual in 2003 associated with a class action lawsuit settlement agreed to in principle and a $30.5 million decrease attributable to the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC.
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles decreased $11.6 million, or 9.8%, to $107.3 million in 2004 from $118.9 million in 2003. The decrease is primarily the result of a $74.0 million decrease attributable to the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC, which was partially offset by a $59.8 million goodwill impairment charge, also as a result of the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC.
Provision (benefit) for income taxes.Benefit for income taxes increased $140.2 million to a benefit of $(143.3) million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from a benefit of $(3.1) million for the year ended December 31, 2003. The increase in tax benefit was primarily attributable to the tax benefit associated with the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC. The reinsurance transactions with UFLIC were completed and accounted for at book value. These transactions will be reported on our tax returns at fair value as determined for tax purposes, giving rise to a net reduction in current and deferred income tax liabilities and resulting in a net tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2004.
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle.On January 1, 2004, we adopted AICPA Statement of Position 03-1, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts.The cumulative effect of change in accounting principle related to adopting SOP 03-1 was $0.7 million, net of taxes, for the change in reserves, less additional amortization of deferred acquisition costs, on variable annuity contracts with guaranteed minimum death benefits.
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Year Ended December 31, 2003 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2002
Overview.Net earnings in 2003 were $19.7 million, a $96.1 million, or 83.0%, decrease from 2002. The decrease is partially due to a reserve accrual of $50.0 million ($33.0 million after tax) associated with a settlement agreement in principle that we reached on October 8, 2003, in connection with a putative class action lawsuit. Additionally, the timing of the equity market changes in 2003 as compared to 2002 adversely impacted our product fee revenues. Lower interest rates during the year have resulted in lower investment yields on our fixed maturity portfolio, partially offset by reduced interest crediting rates on certain of our contracts and policies.
Net investment income.Net investment income decreased $62.2 million, or 10.4%, to $538.0 million in 2003 from $600.2 million in the prior year. These decreases are primarily a result of a decrease in weighted average investment yields to 4.6% in 2003 from 5.2% in 2002 due to the overall declining interest rate environment.
Net realized investment gains.Net realized investment gains consist of gross realized investment gains and gross realized investment (losses), including charges related to impairments. Net realized investment gains decreased $51.4 million to $3.9 million in 2003 from $55.3 million in 2002. For 2003, gross realized gains and (losses) were $80.2 million and $(76.3) million, respectively. Realized losses for 2003 included $26.4 million of impairments that were primarily attributable to fixed-maturity and equity securities. For 2002, gross realized gains and (losses) were $181.1 million and $(125.8) million, respectively. Included in these gains were $17.6 million related to a securitization transaction conducted by our indirect parent. Realized losses for 2002 included $77.4 million of impairments, primarily attributable to fixed-maturity and equity securities that included $29.5 million of impairments on securities issued by WorldCom Inc. and its affiliates.
Premiums.Premiums remained relatively constant decreasing approximately 1.2% to $104.0 million in 2003 from $105.3 million in 2002.
Cost of Insurance. Cost of insurance increased $27.3 million, or 21.7% to $153.1 million in 2003 from $125.8 million in 2002. The increase was primarily due to premium refunds received from a terminated reinsurance treaty.
Variable product fees.Variable product fees decreased $7.6 million, or 6.7%, to $106.3 million in 2003 from $113.9 million in 2002. The decrease in variable product fees primarily resulted from a decrease in the daily average separate account values.
Other income. Other income decreased $9.4 million, or 20.9%, to $35.5 million in 2003 from $44.9 million in 2002. The decrease was partly attributable to lower surrender fee income on variable annuity products.
Interest credited. Interest credited represents interest credited on behalf of policyholder and contractholder general account balances. Interest credited decreased $51.5 million, or 11.1%, to $410.6 million for 2003 from $462.1 million for 2002. This decrease was primarily attributable to the decline in GICs and funding agreements product liabilities and crediting rates, offset in part by an increase in interest credited resulting from more variable annuity policyholders selecting the fixed account option on their contracts, on which we credit interest. The decrease in interest credited was also the result of a reduction in our weighted average crediting rates to 4.0% for 2003 from 4.3% for 2002.
Our weighted average crediting rates for interest-sensitive life products decreased to 5.2% in 2003 from 5.8% for the prior year. Changes in our base crediting rates are implemented in response to changes in market conditions, the prevailing interest rate environment, contractual provisions, and other factors. We monitor market conditions closely and reset interest crediting rates as deemed appropriate in accordance with the terms of the underlying contracts. During the year, the crediting rates on a number of fixed annuity blocks were reduced to their guaranteed minimum crediting rates.
Benefits and other changes in policy reserves.Benefits and other changes in policy reserves consist primarily of reserve activity related to current claims and future policy benefits on long-duration life and health insurance products as well as claims cost incurred during the year under these contracts. In addition, the bonus feature of our bonus variable annuity product is initially accounted for as a benefit. These costs increased $67.5 million, or 37.9%, to $245.7 million in 2003 from $178.2 million in 2002. The increase was primarily a result of increased death benefits on universal and whole life policies and higher sales of our bonus variable annuity products.
Underwriting, Acquisition, and Insurance Expenses, net of deferrals.Underwriting, acquisition, and insurance expenses, net of deferrals, increased $49.7 million, or 50.0%, to $149.0 million in 2003 from $99.3 million in the prior year. This increase was primarily the result of a reserve accrual of $50.0 million associated with a settlement agreement in principle that we reached on October 8, 2003, in connection with a putative class action lawsuit.
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Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs and intangibles decreased $28.2 million, or 19.2%, to $118.9 million in 2003 from $147.1 million in 2002. The decrease is primarily the result of the impact of higher amortization in 2002 due to lower equity valuation of assets in our variable annuity separate accounts.
Provision (benefit) for income taxes.Provision (benefit) for income taxes decreased $46.0 million to $(3.1) million in 2003 from $42.9 million in 2002. The Company’s effective tax rate of (18.7%) in 2003 was 45.7 percentage points lower than the effective tax rate of 27.0% in 2002. This decrease is primarily attributable to the higher dividends received deduction benefits recorded in 2002 over lower pre-tax income. In 2002, the additional recorded benefits were related to a change in estimate of the 2001 dividends received deduction.
Capital Resources
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Total Investments.Total investments decreased $2,478.6 million, or 21.9%, to $8,850.6 million at December 31, 2004 from $11,329.2 million at December 31, 2003. The decrease was primarily a result of the transfer of invested assets associated with the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC and lower invested assets due to a decline in outstanding institutional stable value liabilities, which was partially offset by an increase in invested assets in our Corporate and Other segment. The change in investments due to the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC, institutional stable value liabilities and corporate segment was $(2,782.5) million, $(354.4) million and $635.5 million, respectively. The increase in investments in our corporate segment was due primarily to an increase in the securities lending program.
Investment securities comprise mainly investment grade debt securities. Fixed maturities and equity securities were $7,028.0 million, including gross unrealized gains and losses of $192.6 million and $(41.2) million, respectively at December 31, 2004 ($9,666.7 million, including gross unrealized gains and losses of $278.7 million and $(71.1) million, respectively, as of December 31, 2003). Market value for these purposes is defined by relevant accounting standards and should not be viewed as a forecast of future gains or losses.
Separate Account Assets and Liabilities.Separate account assets and liabilities represent funds held for the exclusive benefit of variable annuity and variable life contract holders. As of December 31, 2004, we held $8,636.7 million of separate account assets. The increase of $601.8 million, or 7.5%, from $8,034.9 million at December 31, 2003 was related primarily to the favorable market performance of the underlying securities, which was partially offset by death, surrender and other benefits outpacing new deposits.
Future Annuity and Contract Benefits.Future annuity and contract benefits decreased $636.6 million, to $9,604.6 million at December 31, 2004 from $10,241.2 million at December 31, 2003. The decrease is primarily attributable to a decline in the institutional stable value product liability, which resulted from maturities outpacing sales. Also contributing to the decline in future annuity and contract benefits was the recapture of previously assumed structured settlement liabilities resulting from the reinsurance transactions with UFLIC.
Statement of Changes in Stockholder’s Interest
Stockholder’s interest decreased $232.0 million to $1,590.0 million at December 31, 2004 from $1,822.0 million at December 31, 2003. The decrease was primarily attributable to dividends paid in the amount of $419.1 million and a decline in net unrealized gains on invested securities of $15.7 million, which was partially offset by current year net income of $199.4 million.
Impairment of Investment Securities
We regularly review each investment security for impairment in accordance with our impairment policy, which includes both quantitative and qualitative criteria. Quantitative criteria include length of time and amount that each security position is in an unrealized loss position and for fixed maturity securities, whether the issuer is in compliance with terms and covenants of the security. Our qualitative criteria include the financial strength and specific prospects for the issuer as well as our intent to hold the security until recovery. Our impairment reviews involve our finance, risk and management teams as well as the portfolio management and research capabilities of GEAM as well as other third party asset managers, as appropriate. Our qualitative review attempts to identify those issuers with a greater than 50% chance of default in the coming twelve months. These securities are characterized as “at-risk” of impairment. As of December 31, 2004, securities “at risk” of impairment had aggregate unrealized losses of approximately $10.0 million.
For fixed maturity securities, we recognize an impairment charge to earnings in the period in which we determine that we do not expect to either collect or recover principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the instruments or based on underlying collateral values and considering events such as payment default, bankruptcy or disclosure of fraud. For equity securities, we recognize an impairment charge in the period in which we determine that the security will not recover to book value within a reasonable period. We determine what constitutes a reasonable period on a security-by-security basis based upon consideration of all the evidence available to us, including the magnitude of an unrealized loss and its duration. In any event, this period does not exceed 18 months for common equity securities. We measure impairment charges based on the difference between the book value of the security and its fair value. Fair value is based on quoted market price, except for certain infrequently traded securities where we estimate values using internally developed pricing models. These models are based upon common valuation techniques and require us to make assumptions regarding credit quality, liquidity and other factors that affect estimated values.
During 2004, 2003 and 2002, we recognized impairment losses of $0.9 million, $26.4 million and $77.4 million, respectively. We generally intend to hold securities in unrealized loss positions until they recover. However, from time to time, we sell securities in the normal course of managing our portfolio to meet diversification, credit quality, yield and liquidity requirements.
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The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair values of our investment securities, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2004:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less than 12 Months |
| | | | | |
(Dollar amounts in millions)
| | Amortized cost or cost
| | Fair value
| | Unrealized losses
| | | % Below cost
| | | # of securities
|
Description of Securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. government and agency | | $ | 7.2 | | $ | 7.2 | | $ | — | | | — | | | 4 |
Non - U.S. government. | | | 2.9 | | | 2.9 | | | — | | | — | | | 3 |
U.S. corporate | | | 505.2 | | | 494.5 | | | (10.7 | ) | | 2.1 | % | | 104 |
Non-U.S. corporate. | | | 131.2 | | | 129.0 | | | (2.2 | ) | | 1.7 | % | | 30 |
Asset Backed | | | 222.8 | | | 221.6 | | | (1.2 | ) | | 0.5 | % | | 38 |
Mortgage Backed | | | 477.2 | | | 470.9 | | | (6.3 | ) | | 1.3 | % | | 76 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Total temporarily impaired securities | | $ | 1,346.5 | | $ | 1,326.1 | | $ | (20.4 | ) | | 1.5 | % | | 255 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
% Underwater – Fixed maturities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
< 20% Underwater | | $ | 1,344.7 | | $ | 1,324.8 | | $ | (19.9 | ) | | 1.5 | % | | 253 |
20-50% Underwater | | | 1.8 | | | 1.3 | | | (0.5 | ) | | 27.8 | % | | 2 |
> 50% Underwater | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Total fixed maturities | | $ | 1,346.5 | | $ | 1,326.1 | | $ | (20.4 | ) | | 1.5 | % | | 255 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Investment Grade. | | $ | 1,220.4 | | $ | 1,203.8 | | $ | (16.6 | ) | | 1.4 | % | | 223 |
Below Investment Grade | | | 106.5 | | | 103.0 | | | (3.5 | ) | | 3.3 | % | | 26 |
Not rated | | | 19.6 | | | 19.3 | | | (0.3 | ) | | 1.5 | % | | 6 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Total | | $ | 1,346.5 | | $ | 1,326.1 | | $ | (20.4 | ) | | 1.5 | % | | 255 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
12 Months or More |
| | | | | |
(Dollar amounts in millions)
| | Amortized cost or cost
| | Fair value
| | Unrealized losses
| | | % Below cost
| | | # of securities
|
Description of Securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. corporate | | $ | 285.6 | | $ | 267.0 | | $ | (18.6 | ) | | 6.5 | % | | 29 |
State and municipal | | | 0.3 | | | 0.3 | | | — | | | — | | | 1 |
Non-U.S. corporate. | | | 18.0 | | | 17.3 | | | (0.7 | ) | | 3.9 | % | | 4 |
Asset Backed | | | 1.6 | | | 1.6 | | | — | | | — | | | 1 |
Mortgage Backed | | | 57.6 | | | 56.1 | | | (1.5 | ) | | 2.6 | % | | 20 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Total temporarily impaired securities | | $ | 363.1 | | $ | 342.3 | | $ | (20.8 | ) | | 5.7 | % | | 55 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
% Underwater – Fixed maturities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
< 20% Underwater | | $ | 338.2 | | $ | 323.5 | | $ | (14.7 | ) | | 4.3 | % | | 51 |
20-50% Underwater | | | 24.9 | | | 18.8 | | | (6.1 | ) | | 24.5 | % | | 4 |
> 50% Underwater | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Total fixed maturities | | $ | 363.1 | | $ | 342.3 | | $ | (20.8 | ) | | 5.7 | % | | 55 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Investment Grade. | | $ | 220.0 | | $ | 208.2 | | $ | (11.8 | ) | | 5.4 | % | | 40 |
Below Investment Grade | | | 143.1 | | | 134.1 | | | (9.0 | ) | | 6.3 | % | | 15 |
Not rated equities | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Total | | $ | 363.1 | | $ | 342.3 | | $ | (20.8 | ) | | 5.7 | % | | 55 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
The investment securities at December 31, 2004 in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months, account for $20.4 million or 49.5% of the total unrealized losses. Of the securities in this category, there was no security with an unrealized loss in excess of $5.0 million.
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The investment securities in an unrealized loss position for twelve months or more account for $20.8 million or 50.5% of the total unrealized losses as of December 31, 2004. There are 35 fixed maturity securities in three industry groups that account for $14.0 million or 67.3% of the unrealized losses in this category.
Twenty-two of these 35 securities are in the finance and insurance sector. Within this sector, no single issuer has unrealized losses in excess of $5.0 million. The unrealized losses of the securities are due to a higher interest rate environment for the quarter ended December 31, 2004.
Six of these 35 securities are in the transportation sector and are related to the airline industry. For those airline securities, which we have previously impaired, we expect to recover our carrying amount based upon underlying aircraft collateral values.
The remaining 7 of these 35 securities are in the consumer non-cyclical sector. There is one issuer, comprising of one security, which represents $7.0 million. No other single issuer of fixed maturities in this sector has an unrealized loss in excess of $5.0 million.
Liquidity
The principal liquidity requirements for our insurance operations are our contractual obligations to contract holders and annuitants. Contractual obligations include payments of claims under outstanding insurance policies and annuities, contract withdrawals and surrender benefits. The primary sources for meeting these contractual obligations are investment activities and cash generated from operating activities. We maintain a committed credit line with an indirect parent, GNA, of $500 million to provide liquidity to meet normal variation in cash requirements.
For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 cash flows from operating activities were $447.7 million, $527.6 million and $375.3 million, respectively, and cash flows from financing activities were $(767.1) million, $(959.2) million and $(659.5) million, respectively. These amounts include net cash from financing activities relating to investment contract issuances and redemptions of $(731.6) million, $(937.8) million and $(617.5) million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
As an insurance business, cash flows from operating and financing activities, as premiums and deposits collected from our insurance and investment products net of redemptions and benefits paid, are invested if positive and investments are redeemed if negative. Net cash from investing activities was $333.4 million, $444.0 million and $284.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The decrease in cash from investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2004 was primarily the result of a decrease of cash used in financing activities.
As of December 31, 2004, we had approximately $1,108.0 million of renewable floating rate funding agreements, which are deposit-type products that generally credit interest on deposits at a floating rate tied to an external market index. Purchasers of renewable funding agreements include money market funds, bank common trust funds and other short-term investors. Some of our funding agreements contain “put” provisions, through which the contractholder has an option to terminate the funding agreement for any reason after giving notice within the contract’s specified notice period, which is generally 90 days. Of the $1,108.0 million aggregate amount outstanding as of December 31, 2004, $458.0 million had put option features, none of which were less than 90 days. GE Capital has guaranteed certain obligations under floating-rate
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funding agreements with a final maturity on or before June 30, 2005. This guarantee covers our obligations to contractholders and requires us to reimburse GE Capital for any payments made to contractholders under the guarantee. As of December 31, 2004, GE Capital’s guarantee covered $858.0 million of outstanding floating-rate funding agreements.
The nature and quality of the various types of investments purchased by a life insurance company must comply with the statutes and regulations imposed by the various jurisdictions in which those entities are incorporated. Following is a breakdown of the credit quality of our fixed maturity portfolio at December 31, 2004.
| | | |
BBB/Baa or above | | 91.2 | % |
BB/Ba and below | | 8.6 | % |
Not Rated | | 0.2 | % |
| |
|
|
Total portfolio | | 100.0 | % |
| |
|
|
Certain of our products contain provisions for charges for surrender of, or withdrawals from, the policy. At December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, approximately 66.6% and 67.2%, respectively, of our annuity contracts were subject to surrender charges or contained non-surrender provisions.
As of December 31, 2004, we had approximately $2,109.7 million of GICs. Substantially all of these contracts allow for the payment of benefits at contract value to ERISA plans prior to contract maturity in the event of death, disability, retirement or change in investment election. We carefully underwrite these risks before issuing a GIC to a plan and historically have been able to effectively manage our exposure to these benefit payments. Our GICs typically credit interest at a fixed interest rate and have a fixed-maturity generally ranging from two to six years. Contracts provide for early termination by the contractholder but subject to an adjustment to the contract value for changes in the level of interest rates from the time the GIC was issued plus an early withdrawal penalty.
Insurance companies are restricted by states as to the aggregate amount of dividends they may pay to their parent in any consecutive twelve-month period without regulatory approval. Dividends in excess of the prescribed limits or the earned surplus are deemed extraordinary and require formal state insurance department approval. We are able to pay $67.2 million in dividends in 2005 without obtaining regulatory approval.
Off-balance Sheet Transactions
We have used off-balance sheet securitization transactions to mitigate and diversify our asset risk position and to adjust the asset class mix in our portfolio by reinvesting securitization proceeds in accordance with our approved investment guidelines. We have not used securitization transactions to provide us with additional liquidity and we do not anticipate using securitization transactions for that purpose in the future. The transactions involved securitizations of some of our receivables and investments that were secured by commercial mortgage loans, fixed maturities or other receivables, consisting primarily of policy loans. Total securitized assets remaining as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, were $297.9 million and $349.8 million respectively.
There were no securitization transactions in 2004 and 2003. Securitization transactions resulted in net gains, before taxes, of approximately $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2002.
We have arranged for the assets that we have transferred in securitization transactions to be serviced by us directly, or pursuant to arrangements with GEAM and with General Motors Acceptance Corporation. Servicing activities include ongoing review, credit monitoring, reporting and collection activities.
Support.Financial support is provided under credit support agreements, in which Genworth provides limited recourse for a maximum of $119 million of credit losses in such entities. We do not provide any such recourse. Assets with credit support are funded by demand notes that are further enhanced with support provided by GE Capital.
Under FIN 46,Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, new consolidation criteria is applied to certain SPE’s, which are defined as “Variable Interest Entities”. Additional information about entities that fall within the scope of FIN 46 is included in our Annual Report.
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