Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses. These judgments, estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to, revenue recognition, allowance for credit losses, inventory valuation and write-downs, warranty obligations, the fair value of equity awards, the valuation of investments, recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets, and certain accrued expenses. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions and the differences may be material. Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, and accounts receivable. Substantially all the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments are held at one financial institution in the United States that management believes is of high credit quality. Such investments may, at times, exceed federally insured limits or may not be covered by deposit insurance at all. For the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s largest customer accounted for 16%, 13%, and 14% of revenues, respectively. Accounts receivable are unsecured; however, the Company does assess the collectability of accounts receivable based on a number of factors, including past transaction history with, and the creditworthiness of, the customer. Accordingly, the Company is exposed to credit risk associated with accounts receivable. To reduce risk, the Company closely monitors the amounts due from its customers and assesses the financial strength of its customers through a variety of methods that include, but are not limited to, engaging directly with customer operations and leadership personnel, visiting customer locations to observe operating activities, and assessing customer longevity and reputation in the marketplace. A material default in payment or a material reduction in purchases from these or any other large customers could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. One customer accounted for 16% and 14% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company manufactures Tablo consoles, and a majority of Tablo cartridges, at its manufacturing facility in Tijuana, Mexico which it operates in collaboration with its outsourced business administration service provider, TACNA. The Company is subject to a number of risks associated with operating its Mexico-based manufacturing facility, and many of these risks may heighten to the extent the Company continues to ramp its cartridge manufacturing capabilities and increase its dependence on the Mexico-based manufacturing operations. The Company may experience strikes, work stoppages, work slowdowns, high personnel turnover, grievances, complaints, claims of unfair labor practices, other collective bargaining disputes or other labor disputes at its facility. The manufacturing operations at the facility may also suffer disruptions from global or regional public health crises such as the COVID-19 Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company determines the fair value of an asset or liability based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The identification of market participant assumptions provides a basis for determining what inputs are to be used for pricing each asset or liability. The Company classifies financial instruments using a three-tiered fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. Credit Losses Accounts receivable The Company writes off accounts receivable when the Company has exhausted collection efforts without success, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance in the period the payment is received. Available-for-sale primarily zero-loss Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at fair value and consist primarily of amounts invested in money market funds and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises debt securities. The Company primarily holds U.S. government-sponsored enterprises debt securities, corporate debt securities, commercial paper, and U.S. Treasury securities, and has the ability, if necessary, to liquidate any of its investments to meet its liquidity needs in the next 12 months, without significant penalty. Accordingly, those investments with contractual maturities greater than one year from the date of purchase are classified as short-term investments on the accompanying balance sheets. Short-term investments have been classified as available-for-sale The Company’s investment securities are recorded at fair value based on the fair value hierarchy. Money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Other securities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Unrealized gains and losses, deemed temporary in nature, are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). A decline in the fair value of any security below cost that is deemed other than temporary results in a charge to earnings and the corresponding establishment of a new cost basis for the security. Premiums (discounts) are amortized (accreted) into interest income over the life of the related security as an adjustment to yield using the straight-line interest method. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. Inventories Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with approximate costs determined on a first-in, first-out Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is generally computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally two Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. There were no such impairment losses as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception by assessing whether the arrangement contains an identified asset and whether it has the right to control the identified asset. Right-of-use As the implicit rate in the Company’s leases is generally unknown, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when the Company is reasonably certain it will exercise such options. Lease costs for the Company’s operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the reasonably assured lease term. Variable lease payments include lease operating expenses. The Company has elected to not separate lease and non-lease non-lease Accrued Warranty Liability The Company generally provides a one-year Contract Liabilities — Deferred Revenue The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records deferred revenue when revenue is recognized subsequent to invoicing. For service agreements, the Company generally invoices customers annually at the beginning of each annual coverage period. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the 12 months following the balance sheet date is recorded as the current portion of deferred revenue and the remaining portion is recorded as noncurrent. Revenue The Company generates revenue primarily from the sale of its products and services. Product revenue consists primarily of sales of Tablo consoles and related consumables, including Tablo cartridges and accessories. Service and other revenue consists primarily of revenue generated from service agreements and other revenue from shipping and handling charged to customers. Each customer contract defines our distinct performance obligations and the associated transaction price for each obligation. Tablo consoles and consumables are generally sold without the right of return. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue from product sales is recognized at a point in time when management has determined that control has transferred to the customer, which is generally when legal title has transferred to the customer. Revenue from service agreements is recognized over time as the service is performed, typically evenly over the service period. Certain contracts include variable consideration such as rebates, revenue for such contracts is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. The Company’s contracts with customers often include multiple performance obligations, such as products and services. The Company determines the SSP based upon the facts and circumstances of each performance obligation (product or services), which often requires management’s judgement. The Company uses an observable price to estimate SSP for items that are sold separately, including service agreements. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs and allocates the contracted transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based upon the relative SSP. When SSP is not directly observable for a performance obligation, the Company utilizes the residual method to allocate revenue. The Company may offer additional goods or services to customers at the inception of customer contracts at prices not at SSP. If such contracts result in a material right, the Company allocates part of the transaction price to that right and recognizes the associated revenue when those future goods and services are transferred to the customer. SSP is assigned based on the estimated value of the material right. The Company establishes SSP ranges for its products and services and reassesses them periodically. Costs associated with product sales include commissions. The Company applies the practical expedient to expense the commissions as incurred as the expected amortization period is one year or less. Commissions are recorded as sales and marketing expenses in the statements of operations. Operating Lease Arrangements The Company enters into operating lease arrangements that contain both lease and non-lease non-lease non-lease Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling charged to customers are recorded as revenue. Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and are included in sales and marketing expenses. Stock-Based Compensation Expense Stock-based compensation expense relates to stock options with a service-based vesting condition, stock options with performance and market-based vesting conditions, stock purchase rights under the ESPP, Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and Performance Stock Units (PSUs) with performance or market-based vesting conditions. Stock-based compensation expense for the Company’s stock-based awards is based on their grant date fair value. The fair value of stock options with a service condition and stock purchase rights under the ESPP on the grant date is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of these awards is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in which the awards are expected to vest and forfeitures are recognized as they occur. The Black-Scholes model considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of service-based stock options and stock purchase rights under the ESPP. These variables include the per share fair value of the underlying common stock, exercise price, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected annual dividend yield and expected stock price volatility over the expected term. For all service-based stock options granted, the Company calculates the expected term using the simplified method for “plain vanilla” stock option awards. The Company had no publicly available stock price information prior to the IPO and limited available stock price information subsequent to the IPO; therefore, the Company has used the historical volatility of the stock price of similar publicly traded peer companies. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon For stock options with performance- and market-based vesting conditions, stock-based compensation expense begins to be recognized over the remaining service period when it is considered probable that the performance vesting condition will be satisfied. Stock-based compensation expense related to these options is recognized using the accelerated attribution method as the performance-based vesting condition and not reversed if the achievement of the market condition does not occur. The fair value of these stock options is estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of RSUs and PSUs with a service- or performance-based vesting condition is based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The determination of the stock-based compensation expense related to PSUs to be recognized in the statements of operations requires the use of certain estimates and assumptions. At each reported period, the Company reassesses the probability of the achievement of corporate performance goals to estimate the number of shares to be released. Any increase or decrease in stock-based compensation expense resulting from an adjustment in the estimated shares to be released is treated as a cumulative catch-up The fair value of PSUs with a market-based vesting condition is estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation model. Stock-based compensation expense related to these PSUs is recognized using the accelerated attribution method and not reversed if the achievement of the market conditions does not occur. Research and Development The Company expenses all research and development costs as incurred. These expenses include the costs of proprietary research and development efforts, quality engineering, clinical studies and trials, and regulatory affairs. Costs primarily consist Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. The advertising costs for years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 were not significant. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities and remeasured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. The Company utilizes a two-step The Company includes any penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of other expense, net, as necessary. Net Loss per Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, without consideration for potential dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and common share equivalents of potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, awards under the Company’s equity compensation plan and warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. For periods in which the Company reports net losses, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share because the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive. Employee Benefit Plan The Company has a defined contribution retirement savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan allows eligible employees to defer a portion of their eligible compensation on a pre- post-tax Segment The Company generates revenue primarily from the sale of its products and services. Product revenue consists primarily of sales of Tablo consoles and related consumables, including Tablo cartridges and accessories. Service and other revenue consists primarily of revenue generated from service agreements and other revenue from shipping and handling charged to customers. Tablo is a single enterprise solution that can be utilized in both the acute and home care settings. The Company derives revenue primarily in the United States and operates a manufacturing facility in Mexico. As the Company manages its business activities on a consolidated basis, the Company has one reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM), its Chief Executive Officer, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for the purposes of allocating resources and evaluating Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures 2023-07), 2023-07 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures 2023-09), 2023-09 In March 2024, the SEC adopted rules intended to enhance and standardize climate-related disclosures in registration statements and annual reports. The new rules will require disclosure of material climate-related risks, including the material impacts of these risks to the Company, the quantification of material impacts to the Company as a result of severe weather events and other natural conditions and Board of Directors’ oversight and risk management activities. The new rules follow a compliance phase-in gas-related In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): 2024-03), 2024-03 |