Investments in Debt and Marketable Equity Securities (and Certain Trading Assets) Disclosure [Text Block] | 7. Investments See Note 9 for information about the fair value hierarchy for investments and the related valuation methodologies. Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities AFS Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities AFS by Sector The following table presents the fixed maturity and equity securities AFS by sector at: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Cost or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Estimated Fair Value Cost or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Estimated Fair Value Gains Temporary OTTI Gains Temporary OTTI (In millions) Fixed maturity securities: (2) U.S. corporate $ 20,647 $ 1,822 $ 89 $ — $ 22,380 $ 20,663 $ 1,287 $ 285 $ — $ 21,665 U.S. government and agency 14,185 1,844 116 — 15,913 11,872 1,281 237 — 12,916 RMBS 7,588 283 57 (3 ) 7,817 7,876 203 139 — 7,940 Foreign corporate 6,457 376 62 — 6,771 6,071 220 168 — 6,123 State and political subdivision 3,573 532 6 1 4,098 3,520 376 38 — 3,858 CMBS 3,259 48 17 (1 ) 3,291 3,687 40 32 (1 ) 3,696 ABS 1,779 19 2 — 1,796 2,600 11 13 — 2,598 Foreign government 1,111 159 3 — 1,267 1,000 114 11 — 1,103 Total fixed maturity securities $ 58,599 $ 5,083 $ 352 $ (3 ) $ 63,333 $ 57,289 $ 3,532 $ 923 $ (1 ) $ 59,899 Equity securities (2) $ 212 $ 21 $ 1 $ — $ 232 $ 280 $ 29 $ 9 $ — $ 300 ______________ (1) Noncredit OTTI losses included in AOCI in an unrealized gain position are due to increases in estimated fair value subsequent to initial recognition of noncredit losses on such securities. See also “— Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses).” (2) Redeemable preferred stock is reported within U.S. corporate and foreign corporate fixed maturity securities and non-redeemable preferred stock is reported within equity securities. Included within fixed maturity securities are Structured Securities. The Company held non-income producing fixed maturity securities with an estimated fair value of $3 million and $5 million with unrealized gains (losses) of ($2) million and less than $1 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities, by contractual maturity date, were as follows at December 31, 2017: Due in One Year or Less Due After One Year Through Five Years Due After Five Years Through Ten Years Due After Ten Years Structured Securities Total Fixed Maturity Securities (In millions) Amortized cost $ 1,833 $ 10,018 $ 11,131 $ 22,991 $ 12,626 $ 58,599 Estimated fair value $ 1,838 $ 10,347 $ 11,458 $ 26,786 $ 12,904 $ 63,333 Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to the exercise of call or prepayment options. Fixed maturity securities not due at a single maturity date have been presented in the year of final contractual maturity. Structured Securities are shown separately, as they are not due at a single maturity. Continuous Gross Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities AFS by Sector The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity and equity securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by sector and by length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Less than 12 Months Equal to or Greater than Less than 12 Months Equal to or Greater than 12 Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Estimated Gross (Dollars in millions) Fixed maturity securities: U.S. corporate $ 1,762 $ 21 $ 1,413 $ 68 $ 4,632 $ 187 $ 699 $ 98 U.S. government and agency 4,764 36 1,573 80 4,396 237 — — RMBS 2,308 13 1,292 41 3,457 107 818 32 Foreign corporate 636 8 559 54 1,443 64 573 104 State and political subdivision 171 3 106 4 887 35 29 3 CMBS 603 6 335 10 1,553 26 171 5 ABS 165 — 75 2 450 5 461 8 Foreign government 152 2 50 1 242 10 6 1 Total fixed maturity securities $ 10,561 $ 89 $ 5,403 $ 260 $ 17,060 $ 671 $ 2,757 $ 251 Equity securities: $ 17 $ — $ 10 $ 1 $ 57 $ 2 $ 40 $ 7 Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position 914 623 1,711 475 Evaluation of AFS Securities for OTTI and Evaluating Temporarily Impaired AFS Securities Evaluation and Measurement Methodologies Management considers a wide range of factors about the security issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. Considerations used in the impairment evaluation process include, but are not limited to: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the estimated fair value has been below cost or amortized cost; (ii) the potential for impairments when the issuer is experiencing significant financial difficulties; (iii) the potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or sub-sector; (iv) the potential for impairments in certain economically depressed geographic locations; (v) the potential for impairments where the issuer, series of issuers or industry has suffered a catastrophic loss or has exhausted natural resources; (vi) with respect to fixed maturity securities, whether the Company has the intent to sell or will more likely than not be required to sell a particular security before the decline in estimated fair value below amortized cost recovers; (vii) with respect to Structured Securities, changes in forecasted cash flows after considering the quality of underlying collateral, expected prepayment speeds, current and forecasted loss severity, consideration of the payment terms of the underlying assets backing a particular security, and the payment priority within the tranche structure of the security; (viii) the potential for impairments due to weakening of foreign currencies on non-functional currency denominated fixed maturity securities that are near maturity; and (ix) other subjective factors, including concentrations and information obtained from regulators and rating agencies. Current Period Evaluation Based on the Company’s current evaluation of its AFS securities in an unrealized loss position in accordance with its impairment policy, and the Company’s current intentions and assessments (as applicable to the type of security) about holding, selling and any requirements to sell these securities, the Company concluded that these securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2017 . Gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities decreased $573 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 to $349 million . The decrease in gross unrealized losses for the year ended December 31, 2017, was primarily attributable to narrowing credit spreads and decreasing longer-term interest rates. At December 31, 2017 , $5 million of the total $349 million of gross unrealized losses were from 10 fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss position of 20% or more of amortized cost for six months or greater, of which $2 million were from investment grade fixed maturity securities. Mortgage Loans Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment Mortgage loans are summarized as follows at: December 31, 2017 2016 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total (Dollars in millions) Mortgage loans: Commercial $ 7,233 67.9 % $ 6,497 69.9 % Agricultural 2,200 20.7 1,830 19.7 Residential 1,138 10.7 867 9.3 Subtotal (1) 10,571 99.3 9,194 98.9 Valuation allowances (2) (46 ) (0.4 ) (40 ) (0.4 ) Subtotal mortgage loans, net 10,525 98.9 9,154 98.5 Commercial mortgage loans held by CSEs — FVO 115 1.1 136 1.5 Total mortgage loans, net $ 10,640 100.0 % $ 9,290 100.0 % (1) The Company purchases unaffiliated mortgage loans under a master participation agreement from a former affiliate, simultaneously with the former affiliate’s origination or acquisition of mortgage loans. The aggregate amount of unaffiliated mortgage loan participation interests purchased by the Company from the former affiliate during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 were $1.2 billion , $2.4 billion and $2.0 billion , respectively. In connection with the mortgage loan participations, the former affiliate collected mortgage loan principal and interest payments on the Company’s behalf and the former affiliate remitted such payments to the Company in the amount of $945 million , $1.6 billion and $1.0 billion during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Purchases of mortgage loans from third parties were $420 million and $619 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, and were primarily comprised of residential mortgage loans. (2) The valuation allowances were primarily from collective evaluation (non-specific loan related). See “— Variable Interest Entities” for discussion of CSEs. See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for discussion of related party mortgage loans. Information on commercial, agricultural and residential mortgage loans is presented in the tables below. Information on commercial mortgage loans held by CSEs - FVO is presented in Note 9 . The Company elects the FVO for certain commercial mortgage loans and related long-term debt that are managed on a total return basis. Valuation Allowance Methodology Mortgage loans are considered to be impaired when it is probable that, based upon current information and events, the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due under the loan agreement. Specific valuation allowances are established using the same methodology for all three portfolio segments as the excess carrying value of a loan over either (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, (ii) the estimated fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral if the loan is in the process of foreclosure or otherwise collateral dependent, or (iii) the loan’s observable market price. A common evaluation framework is used for establishing non-specific valuation allowances for all loan portfolio segments; however, a separate non-specific valuation allowance is calculated and maintained for each loan portfolio segment that is based on inputs unique to each loan portfolio segment. Non-specific valuation allowances are established for pools of loans with similar risk characteristics where a property-specific or market-specific risk has not been identified, but for which the Company expects to incur a credit loss. These evaluations are based upon several loan portfolio segment-specific factors, including the Company’s experience for loan losses, defaults and loss severity, and loss expectations for loans with similar risk characteristics. These evaluations are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. Credit Quality of Commercial Mortgage Loans The credit quality of commercial mortgage loans was as follows at: Recorded Investment Estimated Fair Value % of Total Debt Service Coverage Ratios Total % of Total > 1.20x 1.00x - 1.20x < 1.00x (Dollars in millions) December 31, 2017 Loan-to-value ratios: Less than 65% $ 6,167 $ 293 $ 33 $ 6,493 89.7 % $ 6,654 90.0 % 65% to 75% 642 — 14 656 9.1 658 8.9 76% to 80% 42 — 9 51 0.7 50 0.7 Greater than 80% — 9 24 33 0.5 30 0.4 Total $ 6,851 $ 302 $ 80 $ 7,233 100.0 % $ 7,392 100.0 % December 31, 2016 Loan-to-value ratios: Less than 65% $ 5,718 $ 230 $ 167 $ 6,115 94.1 % $ 6,197 94.3 % 65% to 75% 291 — 19 310 4.8 303 4.6 76% to 80% 34 — — 34 0.5 33 0.5 Greater than 80% 24 14 — 38 0.6 37 0.6 Total $ 6,067 $ 244 $ 186 $ 6,497 100.0 % $ 6,570 100.0 % Credit Quality of Agricultural Mortgage Loans The credit quality of agricultural mortgage loans was as follows at: December 31, 2017 2016 Recorded Investment % of Total Recorded Investment % of Total (Dollars in millions) Loan-to-value ratios: Less than 65% $ 2,039 92.7 % $ 1,789 97.8 % 65% to 75% 161 7.3 41 2.2 Total $ 2,200 100.0 % $ 1,830 100.0 % The estimated fair value of agricultural mortgage loans was $2.2 billion and $1.9 billion at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Credit Quality of Residential Mortgage Loans The credit quality of residential mortgage loans was as follows at: December 31, 2017 2016 Recorded Investment % of Total Recorded Investment % of Total (Dollars in millions) Performance indicators: Performing $ 1,106 97.2 % $ 856 98.7 % Nonperforming 32 2.8 11 1.3 Total $ 1,138 100.0 % $ 867 100.0 % The estimated fair value of residential mortgage loans was $1.2 billion and $867 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Past Due, Nonaccrual and Modified Mortgage Loans The Company has a high quality, well performing, mortgage loan portfolio, with over 99% of all mortgage loans classified as performing at both December 31, 2017 and 2016 . The Company defines delinquency consistent with industry practice, when mortgage loans are past due as follows: commercial and residential mortgage loans — 60 days and agricultural mortgage loans — 90 days. The Company had no commercial or agricultural mortgage loans past due and no commercial or agricultural mortgage loans in nonaccrual status at either December 31, 2017 or 2016 . The recorded investment of residential mortgage loans past due and in nonaccrual status was $32 million and $11 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company did not have a significant amount of mortgage loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Other Invested Assets Freestanding derivatives with positive estimated fair values and loans to affiliates comprise over 80% of other invested assets. See Note 8 for information about freestanding derivatives with positive estimated fair values and see “ — Related Party Investment Transactions” for information regarding loans to affiliates. Other invested assets also includes tax credit and renewable energy partnerships and leveraged leases. Leveraged Leases Investment in leveraged leases consisted of the following at: December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) Rental receivables, net $ 87 $ 87 Estimated residual values 14 14 Subtotal 101 101 Unearned income (35 ) (32 ) Investment in leveraged leases, net of non-recourse debt $ 66 $ 69 Rental receivables are generally due in periodic installments. The payment periods for leveraged leases generally range from one to 15 years . For rental receivables, the primary credit quality indicator is whether the rental receivable is performing or nonperforming, which is assessed monthly. The Company generally defines nonperforming rental receivables as those that are 90 days or more past due. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , all leverage leases were performing. The deferred income tax liability related to leveraged leases was $43 million and $74 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Cash Equivalents The carrying value of cash equivalents, which includes securities and other investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, was $1.0 billion and $4.7 billion at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) Unrealized investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity and equity securities AFS and the effect on DAC, VOBA, DSI and future policy benefits, that would result from the realization of the unrealized gains (losses), are included in net unrealized investment gains (losses) in AOCI. The components of net unrealized investment gains (losses), included in AOCI, were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In millions) Fixed maturity securities $ 4,722 $ 2,600 $ 2,283 Fixed maturity securities with noncredit OTTI losses included in AOCI 2 1 (23 ) Total fixed maturity securities 4,724 2,601 2,260 Equity securities 39 32 54 Derivatives 231 397 370 Short-term investments — (42 ) — Other (8 ) 59 79 Subtotal 4,986 3,047 2,763 Amounts allocated from: Future policy benefits (2,370 ) (922 ) (126 ) DAC and VOBA related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI (2 ) (2 ) (1 ) DAC, VOBA and DSI (260 ) (193 ) (198 ) Subtotal (2,632 ) (1,117 ) (325 ) Deferred income tax benefit (expense) related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI 1 — 9 Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (495 ) (653 ) (827 ) Net unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 1,860 $ 1,277 $ 1,620 The changes in net unrealized investment gains (losses) were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In millions) Balance at January 1, $ 1,277 $ 1,620 $ 2,628 Fixed maturity securities on which noncredit OTTI losses have been recognized 1 24 15 Unrealized investment gains (losses) during the year 1,938 260 (2,303 ) Unrealized investment gains (losses) relating to: Future policy benefits (1,448 ) (796 ) 487 DAC and VOBA related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI — (1 ) 1 DAC, VOBA and DSI (67 ) 5 208 Deferred income tax benefit (expense) related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI 1 (9 ) (5 ) Deferred income tax benefit (expense) 158 174 589 Balance at December 31, $ 1,860 $ 1,277 $ 1,620 Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 583 $ (343 ) $ (1,008 ) Concentrations of Credit Risk There were no investments in any counterparty that were greater than 10% of the Company’s equity, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, at both December 31, 2017 and 2016 . Securities Lending Elements of the securities lending program are presented below at: December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) Securities on loan: (1) Amortized cost $ 3,085 $ 5,895 Estimated fair value $ 3,748 $ 6,555 Cash collateral received from counterparties (2) $ 3,791 $ 6,642 Security collateral received from counterparties (3) $ 29 $ 27 Reinvestment portfolio — estimated fair value $ 3,823 $ 6,571 ______________ (1) Included within fixed maturity securities. (2) Included within payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions. (3) Security collateral received from counterparties may not be sold or re-pledged, unless the counterparty is in default, and is not reflected on the consolidated financial statements. The cash collateral liability by loaned security type and remaining tenor of the agreements were as follows at: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Remaining Tenor of Securities Lending Agreements Remaining Tenor of Securities Lending Agreements Open (1) 1 Month or Less 1 to 6 Months Total Open (1) 1 Month or Less 1 to 6 Months Total (In millions) Cash collateral liability by loaned security type: U.S. government and agency $ 1,626 $ 964 $ 1,201 $ 3,791 $ 2,129 $ 1,906 $ 1,743 $ 5,778 U.S. corporate — — — — — 480 — 480 Agency RMBS — — — — — — 274 274 Foreign corporate — — — — — 58 — 58 Foreign government — — — — — 52 — 52 Total $ 1,626 $ 964 $ 1,201 $ 3,791 $ 2,129 $ 2,496 $ 2,017 $ 6,642 _____________ (1) The related loaned security could be returned to the Company on the next business day which would require the Company to immediately return the cash collateral. If the Company is required to return significant amounts of cash collateral on short notice and is forced to sell securities to meet the return obligation, it may have difficulty selling such collateral that is invested in securities in a timely manner, be forced to sell securities in a volatile or illiquid market for less than what otherwise would have been realized under normal market conditions, or both. The estimated fair value of the securities on loan related to the cash collateral on open at December 31, 2017 was $1.6 billion , all of which were U.S. government and agency securities which, if put back to the Company, could be immediately sold to satisfy the cash requirement. The reinvestment portfolio acquired with the cash collateral consisted principally of fixed maturity securities (including agency RMBS, U.S. government and agency securities, ABS, U.S. and foreign corporate securities, and non-agency RMBS) with 59% invested in agency RMBS, U.S. government and agency securities, cash equivalents, short-term investments or held in cash at December 31, 2017 . If the securities on loan or the reinvestment portfolio become less liquid, the Company has the liquidity resources of most of its general account available to meet any potential cash demands when securities on loan are put back to the Company. Invested Assets on Deposit, Held in Trust and Pledged as Collateral Invested assets on deposit, held in trust and pledged as collateral are presented below at estimated fair value at: December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) Invested assets on deposit (regulatory deposits) (1) $ 8,259 $ 7,644 Invested assets held in trust (reinsurance agreements) (2) 2,634 9,054 Invested assets pledged as collateral (3) 3,199 3,548 Total invested assets on deposit, held in trust, and pledged as collateral $ 14,092 $ 20,246 __________________ (1) The Company has assets, primarily fixed maturity securities, on deposit with governmental authorities relating to certain policy holder liabilities, of which $34 million of the assets on deposit balance represents restricted cash at both December 31, 2017 and 2016 . (2) The Company has assets, primarily fixed maturity securities, held in trust relating to certain reinsurance transactions. $42 million and $15 million of the assets held in trust balance represents restricted cash at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. (3) The Company has pledged invested assets in connection with various agreements and transactions, including funding agreements (see Note 4 ) and derivative transactions (see Note 8 ). See “— Securities Lending” for information regarding securities on loan. Purchased Credit Impaired Investments Investments acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at the acquisition date that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments are classified as purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) investments. For each investment, the excess of the cash flows expected to be collected as of the acquisition date over its acquisition date fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized as net investment income on an effective yield basis. If subsequently, based on current information and events, it is probable that there is a significant increase in cash flows previously expected to be collected or if actual cash flows are significantly greater than cash flows previously expected to be collected, the accretable yield is adjusted prospectively. The excess of the contractually required payments (including interest) as of the acquisition date over the cash flows expected to be collected as of the acquisition date is referred to as the nonaccretable difference, and this amount is not expected to be realized as net investment income. Decreases in cash flows expected to be collected can result in OTTI. The Company’s PCI fixed maturity securities were as follows at: December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) Outstanding principal and interest balance (1) $ 1,237 $ 1,458 Carrying value (2) $ 1,020 $ 1,113 ______________ (1) Represents the contractually required payments, which is the sum of contractual principal, whether or not currently due, and accrued interest. (2) Estimated fair value plus accrued interest. The following table presents information about PCI fixed maturity securities acquired during the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) Contractually required payments (including interest) $ 3 $ 558 Cash flows expected to be collected (1) $ 3 $ 483 Fair value of investments acquired $ 2 $ 341 ______________ (1) Represents undiscounted principal and interest cash flow expectations, at the date of acquisition. The following table presents activity for the accretable yield on PCI fixed maturity securities for: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) Accretable yield, January 1, $ 419 $ 400 Investments purchased 1 142 Accretion recognized in earnings (67 ) (66 ) Disposals (10 ) (8 ) Reclassification (to) from nonaccretable difference 34 (49 ) Accretable yield, December 31, $ 377 $ 419 Collectively Significant Equity Method Investments The Company holds investments in real estate joint ventures, real estate funds and other limited partnership interests consisting of leveraged buy-out funds, hedge funds, private equity funds, joint ventures and other funds. The portion of these investments accounted for under the equity method had a carrying value of $2.2 billion at December 31, 2017 . The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to these equity method investments is limited to the carrying value of these investments plus unfunded commitments of $1.1 billion at December 31, 2017 . Except for certain real estate joint ventures, the Company’s investments in real estate funds and other limited partnership interests are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not participate in the management of the entities. As described in Note 1 , the Company generally records its share of earnings in its equity method investments using a three-month lag methodology and within net investment income. Aggregate net investment income from these equity method investments exceeded 10% of the Company’s consolidated pre-tax income (loss) for two of the three most recent annual periods: 2017 and 2015. This aggregated summarized financial data does not represent the Company’s proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, or earnings of such entities. The aggregated summarized financial data presented below reflects the latest available financial information and is as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 . Aggregate total assets of these entities totaled $328.9 billion and $285.1 billion at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Aggregate total liabilities of these entities totaled $39.8 billion and $26.3 billion at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Aggregate net income (loss) of these entities totaled $36.2 billion , $21.3 billion and $13.7 billion for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Aggregate net income (loss) from the underlying entities in which the Company invests is primarily comprised of investment income, including recurring investment income and realized and unrealized investment gains (losses). Variable Interest Entities The Company has invested in legal entities that are VIEs. In certain instances, the Company holds both the power to direct the most significant activities of the entity, as well as an economic interest in the entity and, as such, is deemed to be the primary beneficiary or consolidator of the entity. The determination of the VIE’s primary beneficiary requires an evaluation of the contractual and implied rights and obligations associated with each party’s relationship with or involvement in the entity, an estimate of the entity’s expected losses and expected residual returns and the allocation of such estimates to each party involved in the entity. Consolidated VIEs Creditors or beneficial interest holders of VIEs where the Company is the primary beneficiary have no recourse to the general credit of the Company, as the Company’s obligation to the VIEs is limited to the amount of its committed investment. The following table presents the total assets and total liabilities relating to VIEs for which the Company has concluded that it is the primary beneficiary and which are consolidated at: December 31, 2017 2016 (In millions) MRSC (collateral financing arrangement ) (1) $ — $ 3,422 CSEs: (2) Assets: Mortgage loans (commercial mortgage loans) 115 136 Accrued investment income 1 1 Total assets $ 116 $ 137 Liabilities: Long-term debt $ 11 $ 23 Other liabilities — 1 Total liabilities $ 11 $ 24 ______________ (1) In April 2017, these assets were liquidated and the proceeds were used to repay the MRSC collateral financing arrangement (see Note 3 ). (2) The Company consolidates entities that are structured as CMBS. The assets of these entities can only be used to settle their respective liabilities, and under no circumstances is the Company liable for any principal or interest shortfalls should any arise. The Company’s exposure was limited to that of its remaining investment in these entities of $86 million and $95 million at estimated fair value at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Unconsolidated VIEs The carrying amount and maximum exposure to loss relating to VIEs in which the Company holds a significant variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary and which have not been consolidated were as follows at: December 31, 2017 2016 Carrying Amount Maximum Exposure to Loss (1) Carrying Amount Maximum Exposure to Loss (1) (In millions) Fixed maturity securities AFS: Structured Securities (2) $ 11,136 $ 11,136 $ 12,809 $ 12,809 U.S. and foreign corporate 501 501 536 536 Other limited partnership interests 1,509 2,460 1,491 2,287 Real estate joint ventures 24 27 17 22 Other investments (3) 47 52 60 66 Total $ 13,217 $ 14,176 $ 14,913 $ 15,720 ______________ (1) The maximum exposure to loss relating to fixed maturity and equity securities AFS is equal to their carrying amounts or the carrying amounts of retained interests. The maximum exposure to loss relating to other limited partnership interests and real estate joint ventures is equal to the carrying amounts plus any unfunded commitments. Such a maximum loss would be expected to occur only upon bankruptcy of the issuer or investee. (2) For these variable interests, the Company’s involvement is limited to that of a passive investor in mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities issued by trusts that do not have substantial equity. (3) Other investments are comprised of other invested assets and non-redeemable preferred stock. As described in Note 14 , the Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in the normal course of business. Excluding these commitments, the Company did not provide financial or other support to investees designated as VIEs during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 . Net Investment Income The components of net investment income were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In millions) Investment income: Fixed maturity securities $ 2,347 $ 2,567 $ 2,398 Equity securities 12 19 19 Mortgage loans 442 393 367 Policy loans 49 54 54 Real estate and real estate joint ventures 53 32 108 Other limited partnership interests 182 163 134 Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments 30 20 9 Other 25 25 22 Subtotal 3,140 3,273 3,111 Less: Investment expenses 175 173 126 Subtotal, net 2,965 3,100 2,985 FVO CSEs — interest income — commercial mortgage loans 8 11 16 Net investment income $ 2,973 $ 3,111 $ 3,001 See “— Variable Interest Entities” for discussion of CSEs. See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for discussion of related party net investment income and investment expenses. Net Investment Gains (Losses) Components of Net Investment Gains (Losses) The components of net investment gains (losses) were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In millions) Total gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities: Total OTTI losses recognized — by sector and industry: U.S. and foreign corporate securities — by industry: Industrial $ — $ (16 ) $ (3 ) Consumer — — (8 ) Utility — — (6 ) Total U.S. and foreign corporate securities — (16 ) (17 ) RMBS — (6 ) (14 ) State and political subdivision (1 ) — — OTTI losses on fixed maturity securities recognized in earnings (1 ) (22 ) (31 ) Fixed maturity securities — net gains (losses) on sales and disposals (25 ) (28 ) (60 ) Total gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities (26 ) (50 ) (91 ) Total gains (losses) on equity securities: OTTI losses on equity securities recognized in earnings (4 ) (2 ) (3 ) Equity securities — net gains (losses) on sales and disposals 26 10 18 Total gains (losses) on equity securities 22 8 15 Mortgage loans (9 ) 5 (11 ) Real estate and real estate joint ventures 4 (34 ) 98 Other limited partnership interests (11 ) (7 ) (1 ) Other (4 ) 11 (2 ) Subtotal (24 ) (67 ) 8 FVO CSEs: Commercial mortgage loans (3 ) (2 ) (7 ) Long-term debt - related to commercial mortgage loans 1 1 4 Non-investment portfolio gains (losses) (1 ) 1 — Subtotal (3 ) — (3 ) Total net investment gains (losses) $ (27 ) $ (67 ) $ 5 See “— Variable Interest Entities” for discussion of CSEs. See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for discussion of related party net investment gains (losses) related to transfers of invested assets. Sales or Disposals and Impairments of Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Investment gains and losses on sales of securities are dete |