Third Quarter and Year-to-Date 2021 Financial Review
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| | Third Quarter | | Year-to-Date | |
| | | | *As Revised | | | | | | *As Revised | | | |
($ in thousands) | | 2021 | | 2020 | | % Change | | 2021 | | 2020 | | % Change | |
Gross premiums written | | $ | 169,104 | | $ | 196,464 | | -14 | % | $ | 501,838 | | $ | 581,697 | | -14 | % |
Net premiums written | | $ | 90,964 | | $ | 113,056 | | -20 | % | $ | 269,947 | | $ | 342,430 | | -21 | % |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 94,347 | | $ | 116,720 | | -19 | % | $ | 292,783 | | $ | 362,017 | | -19 | % |
Investment income, net of expenses | | $ | 2,213 | | $ | 2,660 | | -17 | % | $ | 7,576 | | $ | 10,314 | | -27 | % |
Other-than-temporary impairment (1) | ��� | $ | — | | $ | (1,692) | | nm | | $ | — | | $ | (1,692) | | nm | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 3,445 | | $ | (28,388) | | 112 | % | $ | 11,571 | | $ | (86,541) | | 113 | % |
Operating income (loss) (2) | | $ | 3,866 | | $ | (10,750) | | 136 | % | $ | 4,365 | | $ | (1,635) | | 367 | % |
Net income (loss) per share - basic | | $ | 0.19 | | $ | (1.56) | | 112 | % | $ | 0.64 | | $ | (4.77) | | 113 | % |
Net income (loss) per share - diluted | | $ | 0.19 | | $ | (1.56) | | 112 | % | $ | 0.64 | | $ | (4.77) | | 113 | % |
Operating income (loss) per share - diluted (2) | | $ | 0.21 | | $ | (0.59) | | 136 | % | $ | 0.24 | | $ | (0.09) | | 367 | % |
Book value per share | | $ | 9.78 | | $ | 9.66 | | 1.3 | % | | | | | | | | |
* All prior period amounts have been adjusted to reflect the correction of an immaterial error relating to certain reinsurance treaties and other items related to prior periods.
(1) | Other-than-temporary impairment is included in investment gains (losses), net |
(2) | See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below |
Gross Premiums Written
Gross premiums written were $169.1 million and $501.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, representing a decrease of 14% and 14%, from the $196.5 million and $581.7 million in gross premiums written for the same periods in 2020.
Net Premiums Written
Net premiums written were $91.0 million and $269.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, representing a decrease of 20% and 21%, from the $113.1 million and $342.4 million in net premiums written for the same periods in 2020.
Net Premiums Earned
Net premiums earned were $94.3 million and $292.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, representing a decrease of 19% and 19%, from the $116.7 million and $362.0 million in net premiums earned for the same periods in 2020.
Investments
Net investment income was $2.2 million and $7.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $2.7 million and $10.3 million during the same periods in 2020. The decline in net investment income was primarily due to lower interest rates compared to the same periods during 2020 and an increase in the proportion of cash and short-term investments held relative to longer maturity investments.
Net investment loss was $0.5 million for the three months and net gain of $9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to net investment losses of $.6 million and $27.9 million, for the same periods in 2020.
Fixed-income securities were $317.9 million as of September 30, 2021, with a tax equivalent book yield of 2.4% compared to 2.7% as of September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2021, the fixed-income portfolio had an average modified duration of 0.7 years and 76% of the securities had remaining time to maturity of five years or less. As of September 30, 2021, 12% of the total investment portfolio was invested in equity securities.
Total investments were $363.3 million as of September 30, 2021. Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash were $329.6 million. Total investments, cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash were $692.9 million or $38.13 per share.
Pre-Tax Income (Loss)
Pre-tax income was $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to pre-tax loss of $37.8 million reported during the same period in 2020. Pre-tax income was $14.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to a