Reserves for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses | 6. Reserves for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses: Activity in the consolidated reserves for unpaid losses and LAE is summarized as follows (in thousands): 2021 2020 Balance at January 1 $ 789,768 $ 620,355 Less reinsurance recoverable 357,200 274,275 Net balance at January 1 432,568 346,080 Incurred related to: Current year 269,204 326,919 Retroactive loss portfolio transfer — 21,700 Prior years 6,040 58,288 Total incurred 275,244 406,907 Paid related to: Current year 101,475 113,312 Retroactive loss portfolio transfer — 21,700 Prior years 177,571 185,407 Total paid 279,046 320,419 Net balance at December 31 428,766 432,568 Plus reinsurance recoverable 387,915 357,200 Balance at December 31 $ 816,681 $ 789,768 The $6.0 million unfavorable net development and $58.3 million unfavorable net development in prior accident years recognized in 2021 and 2020, respectively, represent changes in our loss reserve estimates. In 2021 and 2020, the aggregate loss reserve estimates for prior years were increased to reflect unfavorable loss development when the available information indicated a reasonable likelihood that the ultimate losses would be more than the previous estimates. The unfavorable prior year reserve development during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was primarily driven by our general liability lines within our E&S Casualty business unit and our Standard Commercial Segment, as well as our personal automobile liability line in our Specialty Personal Lines business unit. The unfavorable prior year reserve development during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 was primarily driven by the continued emergence of increased frequency and severity trends in our primary commercial automobile lines of business within our Commercial Auto business unit, which was representative of industry trends, as well as unfavorable development in our general liability lines within our E&S Casualty business unit and our Standard Commercial Segment, as well as our personal automobile liability line in our Specialty Personal Lines business unit. Generally, changes in reserves are caused by variations between actual experience and previous expectations and by reduced emphasis on the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method due to the aging of the accident years. The impact from the unfavorable (favorable) net prior years’ loss development on each reporting segment is presented below: December 31, 2021 2020 Specialty Commercial Segment $ 2,670 $ 45,808 Standard Commercial Segment (1,521) 3,357 Personal Segment 4,891 9,123 Corporate — — Total unfavorable net prior year development $ 6,040 $ 58,288 The following describes the primary factors behind each segment’s prior accident year loss reserve development for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020: Year ended December 31, 2021 : ● Specialty Commercial Segment. Our Commercial Auto business unit experienced net favorable development in the 2020 and 2019 accident years primarily in the commercial automobile liability line of business, partially offset by unfavorable development primarily in the commercial automobile line of business in the 2018 and prior accident years. Our E&S Casualty business unit experienced net unfavorable development primarily in our general liability line of business, in the 2019 and prior accident years, partially offset by favorable development in the 2020 accident year. We experienced net unfavorable development in our E&S Property and Aerospace & Programs business units, partially offset by net favorable development in our Professional Liability. ● Standard Commercial Segment. Our Commercial Accounts business operating unit experienced net unfavorable development in the 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2014 and prior accident years primarily in the general liability and commercial auto lines of business, partially offset by net favorable development primarily in the commercial property and commercial automobile liability lines of business in the 2020, 2016 and 2015 accident years and net unfavorable development primarily in the 2014 and prior accident years in the occupational accident line of business. Our former Workers Compensation operating unit experienced net favorable development primarily in the 2014 and prior accident years. ● Personal Segment. Net unfavorable development in our Specialty Personal Lines business unit was mostly attributable to the 2020 and prior accidents years. Year ended December 31, 2020 : ● Specialty Commercial Segment. Our Commercial Auto business unit experienced net unfavorable development in the 2018 and prior accident years primarily in the commercial automobile liability line of business, partially offset by favorable development primarily in the commercial automobile line of business in the 2019 accident year. Our E&S Casualty business unit experienced net unfavorable development primarily in our E&S package insurance products in the 2018 and prior accident years, partially offset by favorable development in the 2019 accident year. We experienced net favorable development in our E&S Property and Aerospace & Programs business units, partially offset by net unfavorable development in our Professional Liability. ● Standard Commercial Segment. Our Commercial Accounts business operating unit experienced net unfavorable development in the 2018 and prior accident years primarily in the general liability line of business, partially offset by net favorable development primarily in the commercial property and commercial automobile liability lines of business in the 2019 accident year and net favorable development primarily in the 2017 accident year in the occupational accident line of business. Our former Workers Compensation operating unit experienced net favorable development primarily in the 2014 and prior accident years. ● Personal Segment. Net unfavorable development in our Specialty Personal Lines business unit was mostly attributable to the 2018, 2016, 2014 and 2012 and prior accidents years, partially offset by favorable development in the 2017, 2015 and 2013 accident years. Reserves for unpaid losses and LAE represent management’s best estimate of our ultimate liabilities, based on currently known facts, current law, current technology and assumptions considered reasonable where facts are not known. Due to the significant uncertainties and related management judgments, there can be no assurance that future favorable or unfavorable loss development, which may be material, will not occur. Short-Duration Contract Disclosures ASU 2015-09, “Disclosures about Short-Duration Contracts (Topic 944)", requires insurers to make disclosures about their liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses for short-duration insurance contracts. These disclosures include tables showing incurred and paid claims development information (net of reinsurance and excluding unallocated loss adjustment expenses) which are disaggregated based on the characteristics of the insurance contracts that the insurer writes and other factors specific to the reporting entity. The information should be disclosed by accident year for the number of years claims typically remain outstanding, but need not be more than 10 years, including a reconciliation of the disaggregated information to the consolidated statement of financial position. We have evaluated the disaggregation criteria and concluded that the basis for our disaggregation of this information is the similar claim duration period of our primary lines of business (certain lines of business have short settlement periods versus long settlement periods). Reserves for Incurred But Not Reported (“IBNR”) Claims Reserves for IBNR claims are based on the estimated ultimate cost of settling claims, including the effects of inflation and other social and economic factors, using past experience adjusted for current trends and any other factors that would modify past experience. We use a variety of statistical and actuarial techniques to analyze current claims costs, including frequency and severity data and prevailing economic, social and legal factors. Each such method has its own set of assumptions and outputs, and each has strengths and weaknesses in different areas. Since no single estimation method is superior to another method in all situations, the methods and assumptions used to project loss reserves will vary by coverage and product. We use what we believe to be the most appropriate set of actuarial methods and assumptions for each product line grouping and coverage. While the loss projection methods may vary by product line and coverage, the general approach for calculating IBNR remains the same: ultimate losses are forecasted first, and that amount is reduced by the amount of cumulative paid claims and case reserves. Reserves established in prior years are adjusted as loss experience develops and new information becomes available. Adjustments to previously estimated reserves are reflected in the results of operations in the year in which they are made. As described above, various actuarial methods are utilized to determine the reserves for losses and LAE recorded in our consolidated balance sheets. Weightings of methods at a detailed level may change from evaluation to evaluation based on a number of observations, measures, and time elements. Methodology for Determining Cumulative Number of Reported Claims A claim file is created when the Company is notified of an actual demand for payment, notified of an event that may lead to a demand for payment or it is determined that a demand for payment could possibly lead to a future demand for payment on another coverage on the same policy or on another policy. The cumulative number of reported claims is predominately measured at the claim level for our Commercial Accounts, Aviation, Personal, Primary Commercial Auto Liability, and certain Programs lines of business and at a coverage level by occurrence for our other lines of business. The Company does not generate claim counts for ceded business. Incurred & Paid Claims Development Disclosures The following tables provide information about incurred and cumulative paid losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses (“ALAE”), net of reinsurance for our primary lines of business with similar claims duration periods. The incurred and paid losses by accident year information is presented for all lines of business with similar claim duration periods in the below tables. The following tables also include IBNR reserves plus expected development on reported claims and the cumulative number of reported claims as of December 31, 2021 ($ in thousands): Commercial Auto Liability Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, Cumulative Number of For the Years Ended December 31, Reported Accident Unaudited IBNR Claims Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 2021 2012 $ 60,844 $ 69,628 $ 68,225 $ 71,515 $ 73,153 $ 75,464 $ 75,657 $ 76,333 $ 75,907 $ 75,910 $ (25) 3,646 2013 93,692 86,902 90,726 96,974 102,031 103,379 103,571 105,448 105,402 (147) 4,695 2014 102,053 93,187 99,280 106,138 113,357 116,373 120,417 120,705 (1,742) 5,259 2015 106,133 106,608 125,161 133,574 135,774 141,197 141,222 376 5,923 2016 111,913 115,044 121,714 137,690 140,794 141,739 (217) 6,126 2017 125,315 119,583 148,563 154,993 156,528 (1,301) 6,276 2018 119,070 118,334 110,052 114,281 9,449 5,299 2019 118,351 128,652 125,815 17,576 3,972 2020 101,568 100,430 29,443 3,064 2021 45,927 32,756 2,075 Total $ 1,127,961 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Years Ended December 31, Accident Unaudited Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2012 $ 12,859 $ 30,046 $ 46,510 $ 59,883 $ 69,026 $ 72,907 $ 75,190 $ 75,039 $ 75,893 $ 75,763 2013 13,333 40,670 63,255 83,184 93,554 101,146 106,894 105,194 105,194 2014 17,145 43,078 67,410 88,823 107,912 112,617 121,683 121,964 2015 18,108 48,239 95,056 123,668 141,678 139,605 139,681 2016 19,788 53,398 106,707 129,761 133,918 135,247 2017 22,578 77,884 133,880 143,791 141,545 2018 26,101 49,912 86,894 101,502 2019 16,812 61,332 78,955 2020 14,491 37,308 2021 1,663 Total $ 938,823 All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance 1,069 Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 190,207 Casualty Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, Cumulative Number of For the Years Ended December 31, Reported Accident Unaudited IBNR Claims Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 2021 2012 $ 13,020 $ 11,301 $ 13,098 $ 12,230 $ 13,330 $ 12,390 $ 11,852 $ 12,944 $ 13,400 $ 13,145 $ (454) 752 2013 13,379 12,002 12,384 12,792 12,874 12,205 13,330 13,274 13,370 (502) 810 2014 15,590 14,007 12,034 11,663 11,676 13,167 13,140 12,989 (524) 950 2015 17,362 16,746 15,046 15,266 15,945 16,931 18,542 157 1,033 2016 16,039 16,513 16,927 18,625 17,508 16,819 (1,083) 1,061 2017 17,845 15,751 20,360 18,023 21,362 1,113 1,656 2018 23,056 24,590 23,856 23,055 (5,305) 2,251 2019 34,610 43,426 47,496 3,220 2,938 2020 62,464 60,706 16,107 7,503 2021 54,385 26,649 6,195 Total $ 281,868 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Years Ended December 31, Accident Unaudited Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2012 $ 1,337 $ 2,666 $ 6,096 $ 8,037 $ 10,255 $ 10,938 $ 11,357 $ 12,572 $ 12,725 $ 13,038 2013 1,331 3,190 5,461 9,212 11,134 11,866 12,255 12,478 12,972 2014 1,829 4,196 5,499 8,075 11,327 12,365 13,003 13,189 2015 1,420 4,133 8,258 13,553 16,158 15,729 16,573 2016 1,753 5,672 11,269 16,442 17,111 17,848 2017 2,900 5,884 11,268 16,264 19,633 2018 2,708 8,027 15,363 22,898 2019 2,526 17,177 32,705 2020 6,176 24,029 2021 6,892 Total $ 179,778 All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance 1,910 Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 104,001 Commercial Accounts Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, Cumulative Number of For the Years Ended December 31, Reported Accident Unaudited IBNR Claims Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 2021 2012 $ 47,194 $ 48,085 $ 44,625 $ 42,632 $ 41,451 $ 40,350 $ 38,669 $ 38,669 $ 39,462 $ 39,626 $ 208 2,712 2013 46,413 47,385 46,990 43,917 42,822 39,567 40,211 40,141 40,562 178 2,809 2014 46,280 46,470 43,806 43,806 43,673 42,463 42,503 42,645 201 2,742 2015 40,966 42,580 41,429 38,385 39,287 39,206 38,677 512 2,579 2016 43,327 43,449 41,983 43,111 45,267 43,883 795 2,548 2017 40,943 42,704 43,579 44,732 45,815 1,259 2,745 2018 42,898 41,290 44,590 47,007 2,920 2,606 2019 37,984 34,616 36,044 2,867 2,754 2020 40,356 35,879 8,597 2,793 2021 46,529 21,462 2,539 Total $ 416,667 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Years Ended December 31, Accident Unaudited Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2012 $ 22,264 $ 30,096 $ 32,378 $ 34,597 $ 35,943 $ 37,808 $ 38,044 $ 38,211 $ 38,518 $ 39,108 2013 19,386 29,586 33,927 36,225 37,947 38,892 39,329 39,560 40,210 2014 21,322 31,150 33,544 36,775 39,185 41,162 41,658 41,863 2015 16,557 28,501 30,974 35,238 35,611 37,135 37,886 2016 19,776 29,456 35,035 39,417 40,828 42,819 2017 16,644 28,813 36,650 41,631 42,707 2018 19,233 29,381 33,546 40,163 2019 17,490 26,233 30,407 2020 13,942 23,914 2021 18,695 Total $ 357,772 All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance 1,616 Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 60,511 Aviation Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, Cumulative Number of For the Years Ended December 31, Reported Accident Unaudited IBNR Claims Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 2021 2012 $ 10,988 $ 10,738 $ 10,353 $ 10,336 $ 10,024 $ 10,021 $ 9,941 $ 9,941 $ 9,446 $ 10,040 $ — 229 2013 10,236 11,304 10,295 9,563 10,057 10,649 10,252 10,297 10,254 — 231 2014 3,179 3,654 3,627 3,558 3,566 3,567 3,567 3,567 — 201 2015 1,870 1,709 1,643 1,631 1,630 1,635 1,635 — 198 2016 2,330 2,241 2,119 2,219 2,220 2,082 — 292 2017 2,325 2,082 2,079 2,178 2,150 — 320 2018 2,382 1,990 2,565 2,446 31 338 2019 5,246 4,525 3,580 70 305 2020 3,487 1,198 246 289 2021 3,562 1,866 194 Total $ 40,514 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Years Ended December 31, Accident Unaudited Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2012 $ 5,641 $ 8,486 $ 9,672 $ 10,049 $ 10,041 $ 10,041 $ 10,041 $ 9,941 $ 9,446 $ 10,040 2013 6,537 9,493 9,584 9,356 9,944 10,456 10,242 10,281 10,239 2014 2,779 3,105 3,259 3,327 3,565 3,567 3,567 3,567 2015 958 1,405 1,520 1,601 1,630 1,634 1,633 2016 1,469 1,907 1,918 2,082 2,216 2,082 2017 1,260 1,837 2,021 2,054 2,149 2018 1,716 2,237 2,368 2,282 2019 2,911 3,787 3,139 2020 2,120 693 2021 1,414 Total $ 37,238 All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance — Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 3,276 Runoff Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, Cumulative Number of For the Years Ended December 31, Reported Accident Unaudited IBNR Claims Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 2021 2012 $ 4,804 $ 4,469 $ 3,597 $ 3,358 $ 2,821 $ 2,636 $ 2,752 $ 2,752 $ 2,773 $ 2,773 $ 91 714 2013 9,069 10,143 9,713 9,257 9,257 9,472 9,486 9,483 9,470 237 1,337 2014 9,208 9,338 9,762 10,076 10,452 10,463 10,292 10,127 431 1,027 2015 8,605 7,277 8,624 8,892 8,420 8,526 8,508 164 822 2016 3,553 4,733 4,365 4,416 4,425 4,425 — 462 2017 450 465 415 403 368 10 66 2018 — — — — — — 2019 — — — — — 2020 — — — — 2021 — — — Total $ 35,671 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Years Ended December 31, Accident Unaudited Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2012 $ 1,181 $ 2,107 $ 2,411 $ 2,594 $ 2,583 $ 2,600 $ 2,602 $ 2,675 $ 2,675 $ 2,675 2013 3,737 6,825 7,882 8,350 8,809 8,961 9,010 9,050 9,070 2014 2,933 5,972 7,970 9,004 9,210 9,323 9,487 9,571 2015 2,528 5,744 7,328 8,049 8,495 8,512 8,542 2016 1,732 2,550 3,743 4,418 4,425 4,425 2017 111 171 203 282 358 2018 — — — — 2019 — — — 2020 — — 2021 — Total $ 34,641 All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance 723 Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 1,753 Programs Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, Cumulative Number of For the Years Ended December 31, Reported Accident Unaudited IBNR Claims Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 2021 2012 $ 3,001 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 3,885 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ — 3 2013 1,595 2,543 1,561 2,076 2,302 2,302 2,302 2,302 2,302 — 2 2014 1,623 666 2,039 1,575 1,575 1,575 1,575 1,575 — 5 2015 1,683 1,629 752 752 752 752 752 — 2 2016 478 1,200 1,178 1,178 1,178 1,178 — 1 2017 955 1,775 1,801 1,982 1,982 7 66 2018 3,598 4,368 4,222 4,222 42 795 2019 5,407 9,150 9,078 673 1,060 2020 6,737 7,107 848 880 2021 7,620 3,322 593 Total $ 37,861 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Years Ended December 31, Accident Unaudited Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2012 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 $ 2,045 2013 1,489 1,561 1,561 2,076 2,302 2,302 2,302 2,302 2,302 2014 758 1,502 1,575 1,575 1,575 1,575 1,575 1,575 2015 1,515 1,629 752 752 752 752 752 2016 1,139 1,139 1,178 1,178 1,178 1,178 2017 36 1,556 1,551 1,967 1,967 2018 911 1,290 3,778 4,030 2019 4,501 7,794 8,174 2020 2,908 5,563 2021 2,867 Total $ 30,453 All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance — Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 7,408 Personal Segment Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, Cumulative Number of For the Years Ended December 31, Reported Accident Unaudited IBNR Claims Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 2021 2012 $ 58,604 $ 73,795 $ 70,552 $ 71,513 $ 72,042 $ 72,037 $ 72,076 $ 72,100 $ 72,123 $ 72,128 $ — 23,940 2013 55,706 59,132 60,100 60,211 60,379 60,328 60,310 60,286 60,299 — 23,472 2014 5,452 5,340 6,243 6,699 6,504 6,518 6,578 6,580 — 19,293 2015 23,104 25,682 25,307 25,136 25,102 25,185 25,194 — 23,376 2016 32,260 32,893 32,728 32,803 33,042 33,193 — 23,759 2017 23,342 21,968 21,926 22,547 22,768 — 16,818 2018 18,334 18,353 19,972 20,139 18 15,332 2019 56,009 63,722 64,677 (770) 25,728 2020 47,938 50,820 404 18,429 2021 45,295 7,690 14,671 Total $ 401,093 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Years Ended December 31, Accident Unaudited Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2012 $ 37,860 $ 64,278 $ 68,849 $ 70,807 $ 71,995 $ 72,055 $ 72,094 $ 72,124 $ 72,138 $ 72,146 2013 45,901 54,514 58,047 59,775 60,277 60,297 60,279 60,279 60,291 2014 2,515 4,418 5,631 6,428 6,566 6,580 6,583 6,585 2015 11,570 22,281 24,262 25,243 25,098 25,169 25,191 2016 21,669 30,646 32,260 32,777 32,991 33,141 2017 15,776 21,061 21,972 22,488 22,762 2018 11,137 18,009 19,628 19,983 2019 41,524 60,870 64,885 2020 32,746 48,281 2021 30,435 Total $ 383,700 All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance — Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 17,393 Property Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance As of December 31, Cumulative Number of For the Years Ended December 31, Reported Accident Unaudited IBNR Claims Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021 2021 2012 $ 18,518 $ 17,541 $ 18,119 $ 17,743 $ 17,768 $ 18,005 $ 17,974 $ 17,963 $ 17,963 $ 17,963 $ — 1,629 2013 21,644 22,363 22,264 22,578 22,914 22,936 22,935 22,935 22,935 — 1,893 2014 22,551 21,950 21,862 21,793 21,852 21,876 21,932 21,932 — 2,037 2015 20,256 19,919 20,014 20,091 20,202 20,107 20,107 — 1,993 2016 20,734 22,838 22,632 22,789 22,781 22,786 — 2,031 2017 24,182 23,003 24,490 24,287 24,369 — 2,009 2018 22,822 18,694 19,611 19,680 (98) 1,078 2019 20,214 20,984 20,924 (23) 1,239 2020 41,487 38,472 1,359 1,518 2021 34,626 9,692 1,265 Total $ 243,794 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Years Ended December 31, Accident Unaudited Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2012 $ 15,773 $ 17,679 $ 17,743 $ 17,666 $ 17,693 $ 17,978 $ 17,974 $ 17,963 $ 17,963 $ 17,963 2013 17,785 21,452 21,864 22,197 22,826 22,936 22,935 22,935 22,933 2014 19,586 21,749 21,778 21,849 21,911 21,955 22,013 22,000 2015 17,513 19,500 19,928 20,134 19,953 19,965 19,960 2016 17,248 22,500 22,613 22,789 22,781 22,786 2017 18,703 22,059 23,821 24,179 24,187 2018 10,923 16,914 18,138 19,006 2019 11,344 18,895 19,658 2020 18,215 29,003 2021 12,790 Total $ 210,286 All outstanding liabilities before 2012, net of reinsurance — Liabilities for claims and claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance $ 33,508 The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid development tables to the liability for unpaid losses and LAE in our consolidated balance sheets is as follows (in thousands): 2021 2020 Net outstanding liabilities for losses and LAE Commercial Auto Liability $ 190,207 $ 218,999 Casualty 104,001 97,302 Commercial Accounts 60,511 59,603 Aviation 3,276 2,448 Runoff 1,753 2,226 Programs 7,408 5,644 Personal Segment 17,393 18,597 Property 33,508 27,002 Liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance 418,057 431,821 Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and LAE Commercial Auto Liability 85,398 91,040 Casualty 141,746 122,341 Commercial Accounts 27,464 20,464 Aviation 13,385 10,143 Runoff 1,155 1,184 Programs 236 968 Personal Segment 1,707 5,613 Property 116,824 97,832 Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and LAE 387,915 349,585 Unallocated loss adjustment expenses Commercial Auto Liability 1,589 1,850 Casualty 3,694 1,681 Commercial Accounts 2,448 2,643 Aviation 99 104 Runoff 170 170 Programs 91 61 Personal Segment 1,625 1,250 Property 993 603 Total unallocated loss adjustment expenses 10,709 8,362 Total reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 816,681 $ 789,768 Claims Duration The following table provides supplementary unaudited information about the annual percentage payout of incurred losses and ALAE, net of reinsurance, as of December 31, 2021: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance |