Business segment information | 3) Business segment information Description of the business segments Financial information by business segment is reported in accordance with the internal reporting system and shows internal segment information that is used to manage and measure the performance of TOTAL and which is reviewed by the main operational decision-making body of the Group, namely the Executive Committee. The operational profit and assets are broken down by business segment prior to the consolidation and inter-segment adjustments. Sales prices between business segments approximate market prices. The organization of the Group's activities is structured around the four followings segments: - An Exploration & Production segment; - An Integrated Gas, Renewables & Power segment comprising integrated gas (including LNG) and low carbon electricity businesses. It includes the upstream and midstream LNG activity; - A Refining & Chemicals segment constituting a major industrial hub comprising the activities of refining, petrochemicals and specialty chemicals. This segment also includes the activities of oil Supply, Trading and marine Shipping; - A Marketing & Services segment including the global activities of supply and marketing in the field of petroleum products; In addition the Corporate segment includes holdings operating and financial activities. Adjustment items Performance indicators excluding the adjustment items, such as adjusted operating income, adjusted net operating income, and adjusted net income are meant to facilitate the analysis of the financial performance and the comparison of income between periods. Adjustment items include: (i) Special items Due to their unusual nature or particular significance, certain transactions qualified as "special items" are excluded from the business segment figures. In general, special items relate to transactions that are significant, infrequent or unusual. However, in certain instances, transactions such as restructuring costs or assets disposals, which are not considered to be representative of the normal course of business, may be qualified as special items although they may have occurred within prior years or are likely to occur again within the coming years. (ii) The inventory valuation effect The adjusted results of the Refining & Chemicals and Marketing & Services segments are presented according to the replacement cost method. This method is used to assess the segments’ performance and facilitate the comparability of the segments’ performance with those of its competitors. In the replacement cost method, which approximates the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) method, the variation of inventory values in the statement of income is, depending on the nature of the inventory, determined using either the month-end prices differential between one period and another or the average prices of the period rather than the historical value. The inventory valuation effect is the difference between the results according to the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) and the replacement cost methods. (iii) Effect of changes in fair value The effect of changes in fair value presented as adjustment items reflects for some transactions differences between internal measure of performance used by TOTAL’s management and the accounting for these transactions under IFRS. IFRS requires that trading inventories be recorded at their fair value using period end spot prices. In order to best reflect the management of economic exposure through derivative transactions, internal indicators used to measure performance include valuations of trading inventories based on forward prices. TOTAL, in its trading activities, enters into storage contracts, which future effects are recorded at fair value in the Group’s internal economic performance. IFRS precludes recognition of this fair value effect. Furthermore, TOTAL enters into derivative instruments to risk manage certain operational contracts or assets. Under IFRS, these derivatives are recorded at fair value while the underlying operational transactions are recorded as they occur. Internal indicators defer the fair value on derivatives to match with the transaction occurrence. The adjusted results (adjusted operating income, adjusted net operating income, adjusted net income) are defined as replacement cost results, adjusted for special items and the effect of changes in fair value. 3.1) Information by business segment Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 1 st half 2020 & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Non-Group sales 2,574 8,403 27,956 30,661 6 — 69,600 Intersegment sales 8,661 895 9,051 196 59 (18,862) — Excise taxes — — (1,119) (8,342) — — (9,461) Revenues from sales 11,235 9,298 35,888 22,515 65 (18,862) 60,139 Operating expenses (6,048) (8,398) (35,736) (21,730) (562) 18,862 (53,612) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (12,311) (1,616) (788) (473) (40) — (15,228) Operating income (7,124) (716) (636) 312 (537) — (8,701) Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items 440 420 (92) 32 164 — 964 Tax on net operating income (56) 330 203 (159) 2 — 320 Net operating income (6,740) 34 (525) 185 (371) — (7,417) Net cost of net debt (1,003) Non-controlling interests 85 Net income - group share (8,335) Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 1 st half 2020 (adjustments) (a) & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Non-Group sales — (16) — — — — (16) Intersegment sales — — — — — — — Excise taxes — — — — — — — Revenues from sales — (16) — — — — (16) Operating expenses (37) (318) (1,637) (341) (91) — (2,424) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (7,338) (953) — — — — (8,291) Operating income (b) (7,375) (1,287) (1,637) (341) (91) — (10,731) Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items 71 (292) (271) (5) — — (497) Tax on net operating income 70 374 426 100 12 — 982 Net operating income (b) (7,234) (1,205) (1,482) (246) (79) — (10,246) Net cost of net debt (68) Non-controlling interests 72 Net income - group share (10,242) (a) Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and the effect of changes in fair value. (b) Of which inventory valuation effect - On operating income — — (1,604) (234) — - On net operating income — — (1,371) (163) — Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 1 st half 2020 (adjusted) & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Non-Group sales 2,574 8,419 27,956 30,661 6 — 69,616 Intersegment sales 8,661 895 9,051 196 59 (18,862) — Excise taxes — — (1,119) (8,342) — — (9,461) Revenues from sales 11,235 9,314 35,888 22,515 65 (18,862) 60,155 Operating expenses (6,011) (8,080) (34,099) (21,389) (471) 18,862 (51,188) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (4,973) (663) (788) (473) (40) — (6,937) Adjusted operating income 251 571 1,001 653 (446) — 2,030 Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items 369 712 179 37 164 — 1,461 Tax on net operating income (126) (44) (223) (259) (10) — (662) Adjusted net operating income 494 1,239 957 431 (292) — 2,829 Net cost of net debt (935) Non-controlling interests 13 Adjusted net income - group share 1,907 Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 1 st half 2020 & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Total expenditures 3,265 3,461 533 334 66 7,659 Total divestments 325 433 101 72 26 957 Cash flow from operating activities 4,833 900 (103) 420 (1,272) 4,778 Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 1 st half 2019 & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Non-Group sales 4,067 10,208 44,220 43,950 2 — 102,447 Intersegment sales 15,302 1,259 16,310 301 63 (33,235) — Excise taxes — — (1,537) (10,584) — — (12,121) Revenues from sales 19,369 11,467 58,993 33,667 65 (33,235) 90,326 Operating expenses (8,234) (10,287) (56,502) (32,178) (406) 33,235 (74,372) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (5,216) (643) (763) (470) (35) — (7,127) Operating income 5,919 537 1,728 1,019 (376) — 8,827 Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items 367 1,041 260 101 27 — 1,796 Tax on net operating income (2,585) (623) (246) (334) 124 — (3,664) Net operating income 3,701 955 1,742 786 (225) — 6,959 Net cost of net debt (1,015) Non-controlling interests (77) Net income - group share 5,867 Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 1 st half 2019 (adjustments) (a) & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Non-Group sales — (86) — — — — (86) Intersegment sales — — — — — — — Excise taxes — — — — — — — Revenues from sales — (86) — — — — (86) Operating expenses — (112) 449 40 — — 377 Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (43) (11) (10) — — — (64) Operating income (b) (43) (209) 439 40 — — 227 Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items — 413 (47) (7) — — 359 Tax on net operating income — (270) (121) (13) — — (404) Net operating income (b) (43) (66) 271 20 — — 182 Net cost of net debt (8) Non-controlling interests 47 Net income - group share 221 (a) Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and the effect of changes in fair value. (b) Of which inventory valuation effect - On operating income — — 486 40 — - On net operating income — — 344 27 — Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 1 st half 2019 (adjusted) & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Non-Group sales 4,067 10,294 44,220 43,950 2 — 102,533 Intersegment sales 15,302 1,259 16,310 301 63 (33,235) — Excise taxes — — (1,537) (10,584) — — (12,121) Revenues from sales 19,369 11,553 58,993 33,667 65 (33,235) 90,412 Operating expenses (8,234) (10,175) (56,951) (32,218) (406) 33,235 (74,749) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (5,173) (632) (753) (470) (35) — (7,063) Adjusted operating income 5,962 746 1,289 979 (376) — 8,600 Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items 367 628 307 108 27 — 1,437 Tax on net operating income (2,585) (353) (125) (321) 124 — (3,260) Adjusted net operating income 3,744 1,021 1,471 766 (225) — 6,777 Net cost of net debt (1,007) Non-controlling interests (124) Adjusted net income - group share 5,646 Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 1 st half 2019 & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Total expenditures 4,282 1,975 648 527 51 7,483 Total divestments 89 574 239 157 3 1,062 Cash flow from operating activities 7,704 1,533 1,120 843 (1,320) 9,880 Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 2 nd quarter 2020 & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Non-Group sales 992 3,313 9,433 11,986 6 — 25,730 Intersegment sales 3,097 301 2,956 107 31 (6,492) — Excise taxes — — (469) (3,699) — — (4,168) Revenues from sales 4,089 3,614 11,920 8,394 37 (6,492) 21,562 Operating expenses (2,405) (3,406) (10,895) (7,931) (315) 6,492 (18,460) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (9,667) (1,282) (393) (229) (22) — (11,593) Operating income (7,983) (1,074) 632 234 (300) — (8,491) Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items 17 21 (35) 22 40 — 65 Tax on net operating income 398 322 (132) (127) (26) — 435 Net operating income (7,568) (731) 465 129 (286) — (7,991) Net cost of net debt (431) Non-controlling interests 53 Net income - group share (8,369) Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 2 nd quarter 2020 (adjustments) (a) & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Non-Group sales — (18) — — — — (18) Intersegment sales — — — — — — — Excise taxes — — — — — — — Revenues from sales — (18) — — — — (18) Operating expenses (27) (199) (48) 5 (36) — (305) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (7,338) (953) — — — — (8,291) Operating income (b) (7,365) (1,170) (48) 5 (36) — (8,614) Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items (57) (217) (63) (5) — — (342) Tax on net operating income 63 330 1 — 12 — 406 Net operating income (b) (7,359) (1,057) (110) — (24) — (8,550) Net cost of net debt 33 Non-controlling interests 22 Net income - group share (8,495) (a) Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and the effect of changes in fair value. (b) Of which inventory valuation effect - On operating income — — (26) (16) — - On net operating income — — (86) (9) — Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 2 nd quarter 2020 (adjusted) & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Non-Group sales 992 3,331 9,433 11,986 6 — 25,748 Intersegment sales 3,097 301 2,956 107 31 (6,492) — Excise taxes — — (469) (3,699) — — (4,168) Revenues from sales 4,089 3,632 11,920 8,394 37 (6,492) 21,580 Operating expenses (2,378) (3,207) (10,847) (7,936) (279) 6,492 (18,155) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (2,329) (329) (393) (229) (22) — (3,302) Adjusted operating income (618) 96 680 229 (264) — 123 Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items 74 238 28 27 40 — 407 Tax on net operating income 335 (8) (133) (127) (38) — 29 Adjusted net operating income (209) 326 575 129 (262) — 559 Net cost of net debt (464) Non-controlling interests 31 Adjusted net income - group share 126 Exploration Integrated Gas, Refining Marketing 2 nd quarter 2020 & Renewables & & Corporate Intercompany Total (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Total expenditures 1,606 1,170 307 174 21 3,278 Total divestments 204 89 22 26 9 350 Cash flow from operating activities 910 1,389 1,080 819 (719) 3,479 Exploration Integrated Gas, 2 nd quarter 2019 & Renewables Refining & Marketing & (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Corporate Intercompany Total Non-Group sales 2,273 3,789 22,509 22,671 — — 51,242 Intersegment sales 7,586 632 8,293 139 36 (16,686) — Excise taxes — — (761) (5,279) — — (6,040) Revenues from sales 9,859 4,421 30,041 17,531 36 (16,686) 45,202 Operating expenses (4,205) (3,878) (29,168) (16,844) (229) 16,686 (37,638) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (2,687) (328) (389) (237) (20) — (3,661) Operating income 2,967 215 484 450 (213) — 3,903 Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items 173 661 111 111 26 — 1,082 Tax on net operating income (1,161) (450) 46 (170) 64 — (1,671) Net operating income 1,979 426 641 391 (123) — 3,314 Net cost of net debt (510) Non-controlling interests (48) Net income - group share 2,756 Exploration Integrated Gas, 2 nd quarter 2019 (adjustments) (a) & Renewables Refining & Marketing & (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Corporate Intercompany Total Non-Group sales — (59) — — — — (59) Intersegment sales — — — — — — — Excise taxes — — — — — — — Revenues from sales — (59) — — — — (59) Operating expenses — (54) (43) (34) — — (131) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (43) (11) (10) — — — (64) Operating income (b) (43) (124) (53) (34) — — (254) Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items — 407 (49) (7) — — 351 Tax on net operating income — (286) 28 9 — — (249) Net operating income (b) (43) (3) (74) (32) — — (152) Net cost of net debt (4) Non-controlling interests 25 Net income - group share (131) (a) Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and the effect of changes in fair value. (b) Of which inventory valuation effect - On operating income — — (6) (34) — - On net operating income — — (1) (25) — Exploration Integrated Gas, 2 nd quarter 2019 (adjusted) & Renewables Refining & Marketing & (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Corporate Intercompany Total Non-Group sales 2,273 3,848 22,509 22,671 — — 51,301 Intersegment sales 7,586 632 8,293 139 36 (16,686) — Excise taxes — — (761) (5,279) — — (6,040) Revenues from sales 9,859 4,480 30,041 17,531 36 (16,686) 45,261 Operating expenses (4,205) (3,824) (29,125) (16,810) (229) 16,686 (37,507) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (2,644) (317) (379) (237) (20) — (3,597) Adjusted operating income 3,010 339 537 484 (213) — 4,157 Net income (loss) from equity affiliates and other items 173 254 160 118 26 — 731 Tax on net operating income (1,161) (164) 18 (179) 64 — (1,422) Adjusted net operating income 2,022 429 715 423 (123) — 3,466 Net cost of net debt (506) Non-controlling interests (73) Adjusted net income - group share 2,887 Exploration Integrated Gas, 2 nd quarter 2019 & Renewables Refining & Marketing & (M$) Production & Power Chemicals Services Corporate Intercompany Total Total expenditures 2,257 857 363 383 36 3,896 Total divestments 60 349 70 85 1 565 Cash flow from operating activities 3,768 641 1,658 611 (427) 6,251 3.2) Reconciliation of the information by business segment with consolidated financial statements Consolidated 1 st half 2020 statement of (M$) Adjusted Adjustments (a) income Sales 69,616 (16) 69,600 Excise taxes (9,461) — (9,461) Revenues from sales 60,155 (16) 60,139 Purchases net of inventory variation (37,949) (2,144) (40,093) Other operating expenses (12,985) (280) (13,265) Exploration costs (254) — (254) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (6,937) (8,291) (15,228) Other income 820 122 942 Other expense (294) (234) (528) Financial interest on debt (1,094) (5) (1,099) Financial income and expense from cash & cash equivalents (13) (92) (105) Cost of net debt (1,107) (97) (1,204) Other financial income 607 — 607 Other financial expense (341) (1) (342) Net income (loss) from equity affiliates 669 (384) 285 Income taxes (490) 1,011 521 Consolidated net income 1,894 (10,314) (8,420) Group share 1,907 (10,242) (8,335) Non-controlling interests (13) (72) (85) (a) Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and the effect of changes in fair value. Consolidated 1 st half 2019 statement (M$) Adjusted Adjustments (a) of income Sales 102,533 (86) 102,447 Excise taxes (12,121) — (12,121) Revenues from sales 90,412 (86) 90,326 Purchases net of inventory variation (60,533) 422 (60,111) Other operating expenses (13,758) (45) (13,803) Exploration costs (458) — (458) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (7,063) (64) (7,127) Other income 453 115 568 Other expense (190) (208) (398) Financial interest on debt (1,121) (8) (1,129) Financial income and expense from cash & cash equivalents (70) — (70) Cost of net debt (1,191) (8) (1,199) Other financial income 486 — 486 Other financial expense (383) — (383) Net income (loss) from equity affiliates 1,071 452 1,523 Income taxes (3,076) (404) (3,480) Consolidated net income 5,770 174 5,944 Group share 5,646 221 5,867 Non-controlling interests 124 (47) 77 (a) Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and the effect of changes in fair value. Consolidated 2 nd quarter 2020 statement (M$) Adjusted Adjustments (a) of income Sales 25,748 (18) 25,730 Excise taxes (4,168) — (4,168) Revenues from sales 21,580 (18) 21,562 Purchases net of inventory variation (11,842) (183) (12,025) Other operating expenses (6,199) (122) (6,321) Exploration costs (114) — (114) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (3,302) (8,291) (11,593) Other income 240 122 362 Other expense (103) (5) (108) Financial interest on debt (527) (3) (530) Financial income and expense from cash & cash equivalents (3) 53 50 Cost of net debt (530) 50 (480) Other financial income 419 — 419 Other financial expense (160) (1) (161) Net income (loss) from equity affiliates 11 (458) (447) Income taxes 95 389 484 Consolidated net income 95 (8,517) (8,422) Group share 126 (8,495) (8,369) Non-controlling interests (31) (22) (53) (a) Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and the effect of changes in fair value. Consolidated 2 nd quarter 2019 statement (M$) Adjusted Adjustments (a) of income Sales 51,301 (59) 51,242 Excise taxes (6,040) — (6,040) Revenues from sales 45,261 (59) 45,202 Purchases net of inventory variation (30,295) (95) (30,390) Other operating expenses (7,042) (36) (7,078) Exploration costs (170) — (170) Depreciation, depletion and impairment of tangible assets and mineral interests (3,597) (64) (3,661) Other income 253 68 321 Other expense (117) (72) (189) Financial interest on debt (564) (4) (568) Financial income and expense from cash & cash equivalents (42) — (42) Cost of net debt (606) (4) (610) Other financial income 326 — 326 Other financial expense (188) — (188) Net income (loss) from equity affiliates 457 355 812 Income taxes (1,322) (249) (1,571) Consolidated net income 2,960 (156) 2,804 Group share 2,887 (131) 2,756 Non-controlling interests 73 (25) 48 (a) Adjustments include special items, inventory valuation effect and the effect of changes in fair value. 3.3) Adjustment items The detail of the adjustment items is presented in the table below. ADJUSTMENTS TO OPERATING INCOME Exploration Integrated Refining Marketing Corporate Total & Gas, & & Production Renewables Chemicals Services (M$) & Power 2 nd quarter 2020 Inventory valuation effect — — (26) (16) — (42) Effect of changes in fair value — (100) — — — (100) Restructuring charges — (10) (7) — — (17) Asset impairment charges (7,338) (953) — — — (8,291) Other items (27) (107) (15) 21 (36) (164) Total (7,365) (1,170) (48) 5 (36) (8,614) 2 nd quarter 2019 Inventory valuation effect — — (6) (34) — (40) Effect of changes in fair value — (59) — — — (59) Restructuring charges — — — — — — Asset impairment charges (43) (11) (10) — — (64) Other items — (54) (37) — — (91) Total (43) (124) (53) (34) — (254) 1 st half 2020 Inventory valuation effect — — (1,604) (234) — (1,838) Effect of changes in fair value — (98) — — — (98) Restructuring charges (10) (18) (7) — — (35) Asset impairment charges (7,338) (953) — — — (8,291) Other items (27) (218) (26) (107) (91) (469) Total (7,375) (1,287) (1,637) (341) (91) (10,731) 1 st half 2019 Inventory valuation effect — — 486 40 — 526 Effect of changes in fair value — (86) — — — (86) Restructuring charges — — — — — — Asset impairment charges (43) (11) (10) — — (64) Other items — (112) (37) — — (149) Total (43) (209) 439 40 — 227 ADJUSTMENTS TO NET INCOME, GROUP SHARE Exploration Integrated Refining Marketing Corporate Total & Gas, & & Production Renewables Chemicals Services (M$) & Power 2 nd quarter 2020 Inventory valuation effect — — (83) (11) — (94) Effect of changes in fair value — (80) — — — (80) Restructuring charges — (10) (10) — — (20) Asset impairment charges (7,272) (829) — — — (8,101) Gains (losses) on disposals of assets — — — — — — Other items (77) (131) (14) 10 12 (200) Total (7,349) (1,050) (107) (1) 12 (8,495) 2 nd quarter 2019 Inventory valuation effect — — (3) (25) — (28) Effect of changes in fair value — (47) — — — (47) Restructuring charges — (14) (17) — — (31) Asset impairment charges (43) (6) (8) — — (57) Gains (losses) on disposals of assets — — — — — — Other items — 86 (48) (6) — 32 Total (43) 19 (76) (31) — (131) 1 st half 2020 Inventory valuation effect — — (1,364) (144) — (1,508) Effect of changes in fair value — (79) — — — (79) Restructuring charges (3) (22) (75) — — (100) Asset impairment charges (7,272) (829) — — — (8,101) Gains (losses) on disposals of assets — — — — — — Other items 51 (256) (36) (71) (142) (454) Total (7,224) (1,186) (1,475) (215) (142) (10,242) 1 st half 2019 Inventory valuation effect — — 341 19 — 360 Effect of changes in fair value — (69) — — — (69) Restructuring charges — (16) (17) — — (33) Asset impairment charges (43) (6) (8) — — (57) Gains (losses) on disposals of assets — — — — — — Other items — 74 (48) (6) — 20 Total (43) (17) 268 13 — 221 3.4) Asset impairment Impairments relate to certain cash-generating units (CGUs) for which indicators of impairment have been identified, due to changes in operating conditions or the economic environment of the activities concerned. For the calculation of impairment tests of its assets, TOTAL set in 2019 a price scenario with a 2050 Brent price of 50$/b, in line with the “well below 2°C” scenario of the IEA. This scenario is described in the Universal Registration Document (note 3 of chapter 8). Given the drop of the oil price in 2020, TOTAL decided to revise the price assumptions over the next years and selected the following profile of the Brent price: 35$/b in 2020, 40$/b in 2021, 50$/b in 2022, 60$/b in 2023; gas prices have been adjusted accordingly. For the longer term, TOTAL maintains its analysis, that the weakness of investments in the hydrocarbon sector since 2015 accentuated by the health and economic crisis of 2020 will result by 2025 in insufficient worldwide production capacities and a rebound in prices. Beyond 2030, given technological developments, particularly in the transport sector, TOTAL anticipates oil demand will have reached its peak and Brent prices should tend toward the long-term price of 50$/b, in line with the IEA’s SDS scenario. The average Brent prices over the period 2020-2050 thus stands at 56.8$ 2020 /b. The future operational costs were determined by taking into account the existing technologies, the fluctuation of prices for petroleum services in line with market developments and the internal cost reduction programs effectively implemented. The future cash flows are estimated over a period consistent with the life of the assets of the CGUs. They are prepared post-tax and take into account specific risks related to the CGUs’ assets. They are discounted using a 7% post-tax discount rate, this rate being the weighted-average cost of capital estimated from historical market data. The CGUs of the Exploration & Production segment are defined as oil and gas fields or groups of oil and gas fields with industrial assets enabling the production, treatment and evacuation of the oil and gas. For the first half year 2020, impairments of assets were recognized over CGUs of the Exploration & Production segment for an impact of $(1,878) million in operating income and $(1,798) million in net income, Group share. Impairments recognized in 2020 mainly relate to Canadian oil sands assets. The CGUs of the Integrated Gas, Renewables & Power segment are subsidiaries or groups of subsidiaries organized by activity or geographical area, and by fields or groups of fields for upstream LNG activities. For the first half year 2020, the Group recorded impairments on CGUs in the Integrated Gas, Renewables & Power segment for $(953) million in operating income and $(829) million in net income, Group share. Impairments recognized in 2020 relate to assets located in Australia. The CGUs of the Refining & Chemicals segment are defined as legal entities with operational activities for refining and petrochemicals activities. No significant impairment has been recorded for the CGUs of the Refining & Chemicals segment in the first half year 2020. The CGUs of the Marketing & Services segment are subsidiaries or groups of subsidiaries organized by geographical area. No significant impairment has been recorded for the CGUs of the Marketing & Services segment in the first half year 2020. In addition, in line with its new Climate Ambition announced on May 5, 2020, which aims at carbon neutrality, TOTAL has reviewed its oil assets that can be qualified as stranded, meaning with reserves beyond 20 years and high production costs, whose overall reserves may therefore not be produced by 2050. The only projects identified in this category are the Canadian oil sands projects of Fort Hills and Surmont. For impairment calculations, TOTAL has decided to take into account only proven reserves on these two assets – unlike general practice which considers so-called proven and probable reserves. This leads to an additional exceptional asset impairment of $(5,460) million in operating income and $(5,474) million in net income, Group share. Overall, asset impairments were recorded on the second quarter 2020 for an amount of $(8,291) million in operating income and $(8,101) million in net income, Group share, including $(6,988) million on Canadian oil sands assets alone. These impairments were qualified as adjustment items of the operating income and net income, Group share. As for sensitivities of the Exploration & Production segment: - a decrease by one point in the discount rate would have a positive impact of approximately $0.2 billion on impairments recorded in operating income and $0.2 billion on impairments recorded in net income, Group share; - an increase by one point in the discount rate would have an additional negative impact of approximately $1.5 billion on impairments recorded in operating income and $1 billion on impairments recorded in net income, Group share; - a variation of (10)% of the oil and gas prices over the duration of the plan would have an additional negative impact of approximately $2.9 billion on impairments recorded this quarter in operating income and $1.7 billion on impairments recorded in net income, Group share. As for sensitivities of upstream LNG activities and CGUs including a material goodwill: - a decrease by one point in the discount rate would have a positive impact of approximately $0.6 billion on impairments recorded in operating income and $0.5 billion on impairments recorded in net income, Group share; - an increase by one point in the discount rate would have an additional negative impact of approximately $0.8 billion on impairments recorded in operating income and $0.6 billion on impairments recorded in net income, Group share; - a variation of (10)% of the oil and gas prices over the duration of the plan would have an additional negative impact of approximately $1.9 billion on impairments recorded this quarter in operating income and $1.5 billion on impairments recorded in net income, Group share. |