BY-LAWS

                               OF

              THE EMPIRE DISTRICT ELECTRIC COMPANY

                   (As Amended April 27, 2000)










              Principal Office in Joplin, Missouri





                              INDEX




               ARTICLE I
                    Location of Offices                       1

               ARTICLE II
                    Meetings of Stockholders                  1

               ARTICLE III
                    Directors                                 2

               ARTICLE IV
                    Officers                                  4

               ARTICLE V
                    Indemnification                           7

               ARTICLE VI
                    Capital Stock                             9

               ARTICLE VII
                    Miscellaneous                            11

               ARTICLE VIII
                    Emergency - Provisions Governing         12


              THE EMPIRE DISTRICT ELECTRIC COMPANY

                             BY-LAWS



                            ARTICLE I
                       LOCATION OF OFFICES

   SECTION  1  -  REGISTERED  OFFICE. The  registered  office  in
Kansas  of  The Empire District Electric Company (the  "Company")
shall be in Topeka.

   SECTION 2 - PRINCIPAL AND OTHER OFFICES. The principal  office
or place of business of the Company shall be in Joplin, Missouri.
The Company may also have an office or offices in any other place
or places, either within or without the State of Kansas.


                           ARTICLE II
                    MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

   SECTION   1   -  ANNUAL  MEETINGS.  The  annual   meeting   of
stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of
such  other business as may come before the meeting shall be held
at  such place, either within or without the State of Kansas,  as
may be designated by resolution of the Board of Directors, on the
third  Thursday  in April of each year or, if  that  be  a  legal
holiday, on the next succeeding day not a legal holiday, at  9:30
A.M.  (Joplin Time), or at such other time and on such other  day
as may be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

   SECTION  2  -  SPECIAL  MEETINGS.  Special  meetings  of   the
stockholders,  which  may be held either within  or  without  the
State  of  Kansas,  may be called at any time  by  the  Board  of
Directors or by the President or a Vice President.

   SECTION  3  -   LIST   OF
STOCKHOLDERS. The Secretary or any other officer who  shall  have
charge of the stock ledger of the Company shall prepare and make,
at  least  ten  (10) days before every election of  directors,  a
complete  list  of  the stockholders entitled  to  vote  at  said
election,  arranged in alphabetical order.  Such  list  shall  be
open  to  the  examination of any stockholder,  for  any  purpose
germane  to  the meeting, during ordinary business hours,  for  a
period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either  at
a  place  within the city where the meeting is to be held,  which
place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not
so  specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held;  and
such  list shall also be produced and kept at the time and  place
of  the  meeting  during  the whole  time  thereof,  and  may  be
inspected by any stockholder who is present.

   SECTION  4 - VOTING. Unless it shall be otherwise provided  in
the  Articles  of Incorporation of the Company, each  stockholder
shall  be  entitled at every meeting of the stockholders  to  one
vote in person or by proxy for each share of the capital stock of
the Company held by such stockholder; but no proxy shall be voted
after  three (3) years from its date, unless said proxy  provides
for  a  longer  period. Except where the transfer  books  of  the
Company shall have been closed or a date shall have been fixed as
a  record date for the determination of the stockholders  of  the
Company entitled to vote, no share of stock shall be voted at any
election for directors which shall have been transferred  on  the
books of the Company within twenty (20) days next preceding  such
election of directors.

   SECTION  5  -  NOTICE.  Notice stating  the  place,  time  and
purposes of all meetings of stockholders shall be mailed  by  the
Secretary  of the Company to each stockholder of record  entitled
to  notice at his or her last known post office address not  less
than ten (10) nor more than fifty (50) days prior thereto.

   SECTION  6 - QUORUM. Subject to the provisions of the  General
Corporation  Code  of  the State of Kansas and  the  Articles  of
Incorporation  of the Company, the holders of a majority  of  the
shares  of  the capital stock of the Company having voting  power
shall be present in person or represented by proxy at any meeting
in  order to constitute a quorum for, and the votes that shall be
necessary  for, the transaction of any business; but the  holders
of  a  smaller  number of shares may adjourn from  time  to  time
without  further notice other than by announcement at the meeting
until a quorum shall be obtained.

   SECTION  7  -  CONTROL  SHARE  ACQUISITIONS.  Kansas  Statutes
Annotated  17-1286  through 17-1298 shall not  apply  to  control
share  acquisitions (as defined therein) of the Company's capital
stock.



                           ARTICLE III
                            DIRECTORS

     SECTION  1 - FUNCTION. The business of the Company shall  be
managed by its Board of Directors.

   SECTION  2  -  QUORUM.  A  majority of  the  total  number  of
directors  shall  constitute  a quorum  for  the  transaction  of
business,  except as may be otherwise provided by these  By-laws,
in the Articles of Incorporation of the Company or in the General
Corporation Code of the State of Kansas; but from time to time  a
smaller  number  of directors may adjourn a meeting  without  any
notice  other than by announcement at the meeting until a  quorum
shall  be  obtained.  A  record  shall  be  made  of  each   such
adjournment.

   SECTION  3  -  PLACE OF MEETING. Subject to the provisions  of
this  Article, meetings of the Board of Directors may be held  at
any place within or without the State of Kansas. Unless otherwise
restricted  by  the Articles of Incorporation or  these  By-laws,
members of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may
participate  in a meeting of the Board of Directors or  committee
by  means  of  conference  telephone  or  similar  communications
equipment  by  means  of which all persons participating  in  the
meeting  can  hear  each other, and participation  in  a  meeting
pursuant  to  this second sentence of Section 3 shall  constitute
presence in person at such meeting.

   SECTION  4  -  EFFECTIVE ACTION. Except as  may  otherwise  be
provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation of the Company  or
these By-laws, the act of a majority of the directors present  at
a  meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act  of  the
Board.  In addition, unless otherwise restricted by the  Articles
of  Incorporation  or  these  By-laws,  any  action  required  or
permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or
of  any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if  all
members  of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case  may
be,  consent  thereto in writing and the writing or writings  are
filed  with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of  Directors
or committee.

   SECTION  5  - MEETINGS. All regular meetings of the  Board  of
Directors shall be held within or without the State of Kansas and
at such time, date and place as may from time to time be fixed by

resolution of the Board; provided, however, that the Chairman  of
the  Board,  or the President or a Vice President may,  with  the
concurrence of a majority of the Board of Directors,  change  the
time,  date or place of any regular meeting, provided that  oral,
telegraphic or written notice is duly served on or sent or mailed
to  each director not less than two days before any such meeting.
Except  as  otherwise  provided for in the immediately  preceding
sentence,  no notice of regular meetings as set by the  Board  of
Directors  need  be  given.  Special meetings  of  the  Board  of
Directors  may be held at any time, date and place upon  call  of
the  Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President, or any
three  of  the  other  directors or a Vice  President,  by  oral,
telegraphic or written notice, duly served on or sent  or  mailed
to  each director not less than two days before any such meeting.
A  meeting  of the Board of Directors may be held without  notice
immediately  after  the annual meeting of the  stockholders.  Any
meeting  may  be held without notice if all of the directors  are
present at the meeting, or if all of the directors sign a  waiver
thereof in writing.

   SECTION  6 - COMMITTEES, GENERAL. By resolution or resolutions
passed  by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, the  Board
may  create  and  designate various committees, which  committees
shall

   (i)    consist of two or more of the directors of the Company,

   (ii)   have  and  may exercise the powers of the  Board  of
          Directors in the management of the business or affairs  of
          the  Company to the extent provided in such resolution  or
          resolutions,   these  By-laws  or  in  the   Articles   of
          Incorporation of the Company,

   (iii)  have  power to authorize the seal of the Company  to
          be affixed to all papers which may require it, and

   (iv)   have such name or names as may be stated in  the
          Articles  of  Incorporation of the Company, or  these  By-
          laws,  or  as  may  be determined from  time  to  time  by
          resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

Any such committee shall meet at such stated times and places  or
on  such call or notice, keep such minutes or other records, make
such  reports, adopt or follow such rules of procedure  and  have
such  quorum as may be prescribed by, or pursuant to,  resolution
or  resolutions of the Board of Directors; but unless  and  until
any  such resolution or resolutions shall have been adopted,  any
such committee shall adopt its own rules and regulations for  the
calling  and  holding of its meetings, the making of reports  and
the keeping of records.

   SECTION  7  -  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE.  If  there  shall  be  an
Executive  Committee, it shall not have authority to make,  alter
or  amend  the  By-laws; but unless the Board of Directors  shall
otherwise  prescribe  from time to time, the Executive  Committee
may exercise between meetings of the Board of Directors all other
powers of the Board of Directors except

    (i)   the  power  to  fill vacancies in the Board  of  Directors
          itself,

   (ii)   the  power  to  fill  vacancies in the membership  of  the
          Executive  Committee  or any other standing  committee  of
          the  Board  of  Directors  (which  vacancies  in  standing
          committees shall be filled by the Board of Directors),

   (iii)  the power to close the stock transfer books  or
          fix  record  dates as provided in Section 4 of Article  VI
          of these By-laws,

  (iv)    powers   which  these  By-laws  provide  shall   be
          exercised  only  by  a  majority of  the  whole  Board  of
          Directors, and

   (v)    powers  which  by  law  must be  exercised  by  the  Board
          itself.

   SECTION  8  - COMPENSATION. Directors and members of  standing
committees thereof shall receive such compensation as  the  Board
may prescribe from time to time.


                           ARTICLE IV
                            OFFICERS

   SECTION  1  -  REQUIRED AND OPTIONAL, ELECTION. At  the  first
meeting  of the Board of Directors of the Company following  each
annual  election of directors, a majority of the whole  Board  of
Directors  shall choose a President, one or more Vice Presidents,
a Secretary and a Treasurer; and at such meetings or at any other
meeting, a majority of the whole Board of Directors may choose  a
Chairman of the Board, one or more Assistant Secretaries, one  or
more  Assistant  Treasurers  and any other  officers  which  such
majority may deem to be necessary; and shall designate from among
the  officers  so  chosen  a Principal Financial  Officer  and  a
Principal Accounting Officer who may be the same person.  At  any
meeting  a majority of the whole Board of Directors may designate
any Vice President as the Executive Vice President.

   SECTION 2 - QUALIFICATION, COMBINING OFFICES, REQUIRING  BOND.
The  Chairman  of the Board, if any there be, and  the  President
shall  be  chosen from among the directors and may  be  the  same
person.  The Secretary and the Treasurer may be the same  person.
If  deemed  advisable by the Board of Directors a Vice  President
may  hold  the  office of Vice President and  Treasurer  or  Vice
President  and Secretary, but not the offices of Vice  President,
Secretary and Treasurer. The Board of Directors shall require the
Treasurer,  and  may require other officers, to  give  such  bond
indemnifying the Company against fraud or dishonesty as it  shall
deem advisable.

   SECTION  3  -  TERM.  The officers of the Company  shall  hold
their  offices  until their successors are chosen  and  qualified
unless  the  respective  term of office has  been  terminated  by
resignation in writing duly filed in the office of the  Secretary
of the Company; but a majority of the whole Board of Directors at
any meeting thereof may remove any officer with or without cause.

   SECTION  4  -  VACANCIES. A majority of  the  whole  Board  of
Directors  shall fill any vacancy in the office of the President,
the  Secretary  or  the  Treasurer and  may  fill  the  vacancies
occurring in other offices.

   SECTION  5  -  CHAIRMAN. In the event that a Chairman  of  the
Board shall be included among the officers elected, he shall be a
member  ex  officio of any committee of the Board, and  may  call
meetings thereof, and shall preside at all meetings of the  Board
and,  unless  the  Board  shall  designate  another  Director  as
Chairman   of  any  such  standing  committee,  of  any  standing
committee thereof at which he shall be present. In the event that
the  offices  of the Chairman of the Board and the President  are
separately  held,  the  Chairman of the Board  shall  act  in  an
advisory  capacity to the President or to any other  officer  who
shall be performing the duties of the President in his absence or
in  the event of his inability to act, and may act in an advisory
capacity to any other officer of the Company; but the Chairman of
the  Board shall not be required to perform any executive duties.
When  authorized  by  the  Board of Directors  or  the  Executive
Committee, the Chairman of the Board shall have power to sign and

execute  on  behalf of the Company contracts, agreements,  deeds,
leases or other conveyances, indentures, mortgages, bonds,  notes
or  other evidences of indebtedness, stock or other certificates,
powers,  assignments, reports, statements and records  and  other
instruments  and  documents; and may affix  or  authorize  to  be
affixed  thereto the corporate seal of the Company; and he  shall
also have such special powers and perform such special duties  as
may  be  prescribed by the Board of Directors or by the Executive
Committee.

   SECTION  6 - PRESIDENT. The President of the Company shall  be
its chief executive officer. He shall preside at all meetings  of
the stockholders; and, if there be no Chairman of the Board or in
his  absence, the President shall preside at all meetings of  the
Board of Directors. If the Board has not designated a Chairman of
any  standing committee of the Board and (i) if the  officers  of
the  Company  shall  not include a Chairman  of  the  Board,  the
President shall preside at all meetings of any standing committee
of  the  Board  of  Directors, and (ii) if the  officers  of  the
Company  do include a Chairman of the Board, the President  shall
preside at all such meetings in the absence of such Chairman.  Ex
officio,  the  President  shall  be  a  member  of  any  standing
committee  of  the  Board  of  Directors  other  than  any  audit
committee,  and  may  call  meetings  thereof.  Subject  to   the
supervision  and  direction of the Board  of  Directors  and  the
Executive Committee, the President shall have general and  active
management  of the business of the Company and shall  see  to  it
that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors and any
standing   committees  thereof  are  carried  into  effect.   The
President  shall  have  supervision and direction  of  the  other
officers  of  the  Company and shall see that  their  duties  are
properly  performed. The President may execute on behalf  of  the
Company   contracts,   agreements,   deeds,   leases   or   other
conveyances,  indentures,  mortgages,  bonds,  notes   or   other
evidences  of indebtedness, stock or other certificates,  powers,
assignments,   reports,   statements  and   records   and   other
instruments  and  documents; and may affix  or  authorize  to  be
affixed  thereto the corporate seal of the Company. The President
shall  have  the  general  duties and powers  of  management  and
supervision  usually vested in the office of  the  President  and
shall  perform  such special duties and shall have  such  special
powers  as the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee  may
assign to him from time to time.

   SECTION  7  -  EXECUTIVE  VICE  PRESIDENT.  If  the  Board  of
Directors  shall  designate one of the  Vice  Presidents  of  the
Company  as  the Executive Vice President, the Vice President  so
designated  shall have the general and active management  of  the
business  subject  to  the  supervision  and  direction  of   the
President, the Executive Committee and the Board of Directors. In
the absence of the President or in the event of his inability  to
act,  the  Executive Vice President shall perform the duties  and
may  exercise  any of the powers of the President. The  Executive
Vice President shall have power coordinate with the like power of
the  President to execute instruments and documents on behalf  of
the Company. The Executive Vice President shall have such special
powers  and  perform such special duties as may be prescribed  by
the President, the Executive Committee or the Board of Directors.

   SECTION  8  -  VICE PRESIDENT(S). The Vice President  or  Vice
Presidents shall have the power coordinate with the like power of
the  President to execute instruments and documents on behalf  of
the  Company, and any instrument or document so signed by a  Vice
President  shall  be as valid and binding as  if  signed  by  the
President. If there be no Executive Vice President, or if  he  be
absent  or  disabled, any Vice President may perform any  of  the
duties  of  the President and exercise any of his powers  in  his
absence  or  in  the  event of his inability  to  act.  The  Vice
President  or Vice Presidents shall perform such other duties  as
the  Executive Vice President if there be one, the President, the
Executive Committee or the Board of Directors may prescribe  from
time to time.

   SECTION  9  -  SECRETARY.  The  Secretary  shall  attend   all
meetings  of  the  Board of Directors and  all  meetings  of  the
stockholders;  and he shall record all facts and minutes  of  all

such  proceedings in books to be kept for that purpose. He  shall
perform  like  duties for the Executive Committee and  any  other
standing  committee of the Board of Directors, when requested  so
to  do. He shall give or cause to be given notice of all meetings
of  the  stockholders and of special meetings  of  the  Board  of
Directors and of any change in the time, date or place at which a
particular  regular  meeting is to be held. The  Secretary  shall
notify  in writing each director and officer of his election  and
each member of a standing committee of the Board of Directors  of
his appointment thereto. The Secretary shall have the custody  of
the corporate seal of the Company, and shall affix and attest the
same  when  authorized by a Vice President,  the  President,  the
Executive Committee or the Board of Directors or, if the officers
of  the  Company include a Chairman of the Board, when authorized
by  such  Chairman  pursuant to authorization  of  the  Executive
Committee or the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall  be  the
custodian  of all papers brought before the stockholders  or  the
Board  of Directors for action or ordered on file, of all written
contracts,  deeds,  leases  or  other  instruments  of  transfer,
insurance policies, records and evidences of title to real estate
and other property (except moneys and securities) owned, held  or
controlled  by  the Company. The Secretary shall keep  the  stock
ledger  of the Company and such lists of the stockholders of  the
Company  as  may  be  required by law. The Secretary  shall  also
prepare  and  make  out, before the payment of  any  dividend  on
shares of the capital stock of the Company and at least ten  (10)
days  before any stockholders' meeting, a true and correct  list,
in  alphabetical order, of the names of all persons in whose name
or names any stock shall stand on the books of the Company at the
time  of  the  close of the transfer books, or at  the  close  of
business on a record date fixed by these By-laws or by the  Board
of  Directors  for  the  determination of  stockholders  to  whom
dividends  are to be paid, or who are entitled to  vote  at  such
meeting,  and enter opposite each name the number of shares  held
by each. He shall certify such list for use at such stockholders'
meeting  or,  in case of dividend payments, for the  use  of  the
Treasurer. He shall perform such other duties as may be  assigned
to  him  by  the Executive Vice President if there  be  one,  the
President, the Executive Committee or the Board of Directors.

   SECTION  10  - TREASURER. The Treasurer shall have custody  of
the moneys or funds and the securities of the Company, shall keep
full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books
belonging to the Company, and shall deposit all moneys and  other
valuable  effects in the name and to the credit  of  the  Company
with  such  depositaries as may be designated  by  the  Board  of
Directors.  Except as may be otherwise directed by the  Executive
Vice  President  if  there be one, the President,  the  Executive
Committee or the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall disburse
the  funds  of the Company when it shall be necessary or  in  his
judgment  proper  so  to  do, taking  proper  vouchers  for  such
disbursements; and upon request, he shall render to the Executive
Vice  President  if  there be one, the President,  the  Board  of
Directors  or  any standing committee thereof an account  of  his
transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition  of  the
Company  and  the results of its operations. The Treasurer  shall
have power, whenever authorized by the Board of Directors or  the
Executive  Committee, to borrow money on such terms as  shall  be
deemed proper; and he shall keep himself advised with respect  to
the  finances  of the Company. The Treasurer shall  perform  such
other duties as the Executive Vice President if there be one, the
President, the Executive Committee or the Board of Directors  may
prescribe from time to time.

   SECTION  11  - ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. Any Assistant  Secretary
shall  have such powers and perform such duties as the Secretary,
the  Executive Vice President if there be one, the President, the
Executive  Committee  or  the Board of Directors  shall  give  or
assign  to  him. In the event of the absence of the Secretary  or
his  inability to act, any Assistant Secretary shall have all the
powers and may perform any of the duties of the Secretary.

   SECTION  12  -  ASSISTANT TREASURER. Any  Assistant  Treasurer
shall  have such powers and perform such duties as the Treasurer,

the  Executive Vice President if there be one, the President, the
Executive  Committee  or  the Board of Directors  shall  give  or
assign  to  him. In the event of the absence of the Treasurer  or
his  inability to act, any Assistant Treasurer shall have all the
powers and may perform any of the duties of the Treasurer.


                            ARTICLE V
                         INDEMNIFICATION

   SECTION  1.  Each  person who is or was made  a  party  or  is
threatened  to be made a party to or is involved in  any  action,
suit  or  proceeding,  whether civil,  criminal,  administrative,
investigative  or  otherwise  (hereinafter  a  "proceeding"),  by
reason  of  the fact that such person, or a person of  whom  such
person  is  the  legal  representative, is  or  was  a  director,
officer, employee or agent of the Company or is or was serving at
the  request of the Company, as a director, officer, employee  or
agent  of another corporation, partnership, joint venture,  trust
or other enterprise shall be indemnified and held harmless by the
Company  to  the fullest extent authorized by the Kansas  General
Corporation Code, as the same exists or may hereafter be  amended
(but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent  that
such   amendment   permits  the  Company   to   provide   broader
indemnification  rights than said law permitted  the  Company  to
provide  prior to such amendment), against all expense, liability
and loss (including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and amounts
paid  or  to  be  paid  in  settlement) actually  and  reasonably
incurred  by  such  person  in  connection  therewith;  provided,
however, that, except as provided in Section 2 of this Article  V
with  respect  to  proceedings  seeking  to  enforce  rights   to
indemnification,  the  Company shall indemnify  any  such  person
seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or  part
thereof)  initiated  by such person only if such  proceeding  (or
part  thereof)  was  authorized  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the
Continuing  Directors,  as that term is  defined  in  Article  V,
Section 5(f) of the Company's Restated Articles of Incorporation,
as amended ("Continuing Directors"), of the Company. The right to
indemnification  conferred in this Section shall  be  a  contract
right  and shall include the right to be paid by the Company  the
expenses incurred in defending or prosecuting any such proceeding
in  advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that, if
the Kansas General Corporation Code requires, the payment of such
expenses  incurred  by  a director or officer  in  such  person's
capacity  as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity
in  which  service  was or is rendered by  such  person  while  a
director  or  officer) in advance of the final disposition  of  a
proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to the Company of an
undertaking,  by  or on behalf of such director  or  officer,  to
repay  all  amounts  so  advanced  if  it  shall  ultimately   be
determined  that such director or officer is not entitled  to  be
indemnified under this Article V or otherwise.

   SECTION  2.  If a claim under Section 1 of this Article  V  is
not  paid  in  full  by the Company within thirty  days  after  a
written  claim  has been received by the Company, except  in  the
case  of  a claim for expenses incurred in defending a proceeding
in  advance of its final disposition in which case the applicable
period shall be ten days, the claimant may at any time thereafter
bring  suit against the Company to recover the unpaid  amount  of
the  claim  and, if successful in whole or in part, the  claimant
shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such
claim.  The  claimant  shall  be  presumed  to  be  entitled   to
indemnification under this Article V upon submission of a written
claim  (and,  in  an action brought to enforce  a  claim  for  an
advancement of expenses, where any required undertaking has  been
tendered  to the Company), and thereafter the Company shall  have
the burden of proof to overcome the presumption that the claimant
is  not  so  entitled. It shall be a defense to any  such  action
(other  than  an action brought to enforce a claim  for  expenses
incurred  in  defending any proceeding in advance  of  its  final
disposition  where the required undertaking, if any is  required,
has  been tendered to the Company) that the claimant has not  met
the  standards  of  conduct which make it permissible  under  the
Kansas General Corporation Code for the Company to indemnify  the
claimant  for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving  such
defense  shall  be  on the Company. Neither the  failure  of  the

Company  (including  its  Board of Directors,  independent  legal
counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination  prior
to  the  commencement of such action that indemnification of  the
claimant  is proper in the circumstances because such person  has
met  the  applicable standard of conduct set forth in the  Kansas
General  Corporation  Code, nor an actual  determination  by  the
Company  (including  its  Board of Directors,  independent  legal
counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met  such
applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the  action
or  create  a  presumption  that the claimant  has  not  met  the
applicable standard of conduct.

   SECTION  3.  The right to indemnification and the  payment  of
expenses  incurred in defending a proceeding in  advance  of  its
final  disposition  conferred in this  Article  V  shall  not  be
exclusive  of  any  other  right which any  person  may  have  or
hereafter  acquired under any statute, provision of the  Articles
of  Incorporation or By-law, agreement, vote of  stockholders  or
disinterested  directors or otherwise both as to action  in  such
person's  official capacity and as to action in another  capacity
while holding such office.

   SECTION  4. The Company may enter into contracts in such  form
as  may  be  approved by the Board of Directors or  one  or  more
officers  designated  by  the Board with any  director,  officer,
employee  or  agent of the Company or any subsidiaries  providing
indemnification to the full extent authorized or permitted by the
Kansas  General  Corporation Code and may create  a  trust  fund,
grant  a  security  interest and/or use other  means  (including,
without  limitation, letters of credit, surety  bonds  and  other
similar  arrangements) to ensure the payment of such  amounts  as
may  become necessary to effect indemnification pursuant to  such
contracts  or  otherwise. The Company may purchase  and  maintain
insurance  on  behalf of any person who is  or  was  a  director,
officer,  employee or agent of the Company, or is or was  serving
at  the  request of the Company, as a director, officer, employee
or  agent  of  another corporation, partnership,  joint  venture,
trust  or other enterprise against any liability asserted against
such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity,  or
arising  out of such person's status as such, whether or not  the
Company  would  have the power to indemnify such  person  against
such liability under the provisions of this Article V.

   SECTION  5. The Company's indemnity of any person who  was  or
is  serving  at its request as a director, officer,  employee  or
agent  of another corporation, partnership, joint venture,  trust
or  other enterprise shall be reduced by any amounts such  person
may  collect  as  indemnification from  such  other  corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.

   SECTION  6.  The  Company  may, by  action  of  its  Board  of
Directors,  authorize one or more officers  to  grant  rights  to
advancement of expenses to employees or agents of the Company  on
such  terms  and  conditions as such  officer  or  officers  deem
appropriate under the circumstances. The Company may,  by  action
of  its  Board of Directors, grant rights to indemnification  and
advancement  of  expenses to employees or  agents  or  groups  of
employees or agents of the Company with the same scope and effect
as  the  provisions  of  this  Article  V  with  respect  to  the
indemnification  and  advancement of expenses  of  directors  and
officers  of  the Company; provided, however, that an undertaking
shall  be  made by an employee or agent only if required  by  the
Board of Directors.

   SECTION  7.  Anything  in  this  Article  V  to  the  contrary
notwithstanding, no elimination of this By-law, and no  amendment
of  this  By-law adversely affecting the right of any  person  to
indemnification  or  advancement of expenses hereunder  shall  be
effective  until  the  sixtieth  day  following  notice  to  such
indemnified  person  of such action, and  no  elimination  of  or
amendment  to this By-law shall deprive any such person  of  such
person's  rights  hereunder arising  out  of  alleged  or  actual
occurrences, acts or failures to act which had their origin prior
to such sixtieth day.


   SECTION  8. In case any provision in this Article V  shall  be
determined  at any time to be unenforceable in any  respect,  the
other  provisions  shall not in any way be affected  or  impaired
thereby,  and the affected provision shall be given  the  fullest
possible enforcement in the circumstances, it being the intention
of  the  Company  to  afford indemnification and  advancement  of
expenses to the persons indemnified hereby to the fullest  extent
permitted by law.

   SECTION  9.  For  purposes of this Article  V,  references  to
"other  enterprises"  shall  include  employee  benefit   plans;
references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed  on
a   person  with  respect  to  any  employee  benefit  plan;  and
references  to  "serving at the request  of  the  Company"  shall
include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent  of
the  Company  which imposes duties on, or involves  services  by,
such  director,  officer, employee or agent with  respect  to  an
employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries;  and  a
person  who  acted  in  good faith and in a  manner  such  person
reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and
beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have
acted  in  a  manner "not opposed to the best  interests  of  the
Company."

   SECTION  10. The indemnification and advancement
of  expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article  V
shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized, continue as  to
a  person  who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee  or
agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors  and
administrators of such a person.

   SECTION  11.  For  purposes of this Article V,  references  to
"the  Company"  shall include any subsidiary of the  Company  and
shall also include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any
constituent   corporation  (including  any   constituent   of   a
constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if  its
separate  existence  had  continued, would  have  had  power  and
authority  to indemnify its directors, officers and employees  or
agents,  so  that  any person who is or was a director,  officer,
employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is  or  was
serving at the request of such constituent Company as a director,
officer, employee or agent of another Company, partnership, joint
venture,  trust  or  other enterprise, shall stand  in  the  same
position  under this Article V with respect to the  resulting  or
surviving  corporation as such person would have with respect  to
such  constituent  corporation  if  its  separate  existence  had
continued.



                           ARTICLE VI
                          CAPITAL STOCK

   SECTION  1  -  CERTIFICATES. Certificates for  shares  of  the
capital  stock  of  the  Company  shall  be  in  such  form   not
inconsistent with the provisions of the General Corporation  Code
of  the State of Kansas, as the same is now constituted or as  it
may  be  amended,  or  of the Articles of  Incorporation  of  the
Company  as  shall be approved by the Board of Directors  of  the
Company,  and shall contain the recitals required by  said  Code.
Such certificates shall be

   (i) signed  by, or in the name of the Company by the President
       or  a  Vice  President  and either  the  Treasurer  or  an
       Assistant  Treasurer  or  the Secretary  or  an  Assistant
       Secretary of the Company, and

   (ii)     sealed with the seal of the Company;

provided, however, that where any such certificate is signed by a
transfer  agent or an assistant transfer agent, or by a  transfer
clerk  acting  on  behalf of the Company  and  a  registrar,  the
signature of such President, Vice President, Treasurer, Assistant

Treasurer, Secretary or Assistant Secretary and the seal  of  the
Company may be facsimile. In case any officer or officers of  the
Company  who  shall have signed, or whose facsimile signature  or
signatures  shall  have  been used on, any  such  certificate  or
certificates  shall cease to be such officer or officers  of  the
Company,  whether  because  of death, resignation  or  otherwise,
before such certificate or certificates shall have been delivered
by the Company, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless
be  adopted by the Company and be issued and delivered as  though
the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates
or  whose facsimile signature or signatures shall have been  used
thereon  had  not  ceased to be such officer or officers  of  the
Company.  Such  certificates shall evidence  the  fact  that  the
person  named therein is the owner of the share or shares therein
described  and certify the number of shares owned  by  him.  Such
certificates  shall  be numbered; and the  name  of  the  person,
individual,  firm, corporation or association owning  the  shares
represented by each such certificate, with the number  of  shares
and  date of issue, shall be entered in the Company's books.  All
certificates surrendered to the Company shall be canceled. No new
certificates  to  represent previously  issued  shares  shall  be
issued  until a former certificate or certificates for  the  same
number of shares shall have been surrendered and canceled, except
as hereinafter in this Section provided. The Company may issue  a
new  certificate  in  the  place of any  certificate  theretofore
issued  by  it, alleged to have been lost or destroyed;  and  the
directors  of  the Company may require, in their discretion,  the
owner  of  the  lost  or  destroyed  certificate,  or  his  legal
representatives,  to  give to the Company a  bond  sufficient  to
indemnify the Company against any claim that may be made  against
it  on account of the alleged loss of any such certificate. A new
certificate may be issued without requiring any bond when in  the
judgment of the directors it is proper to do so.

   SECTION  2  - TRANSFER, GENERAL. Except as otherwise  provided
in  the  General  Corporation Code of Kansas,  transfers  of  the
capital stock of the Company and the certificates of stock  which
represent the stock shall be governed by Article 8 of the Uniform
Commercial Code.

   SECTION 3 - RECORD HOLDINGS. The Company shall be entitled  to
treat  the  owner or holder of record of any share or  shares  of
stock  as  the  owner or holder in fact thereof and, accordingly,
shall  not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim  to
or  interest  in such share or shares on the part  of  any  other
person  whether  or  not it shall have express  or  other  notice
thereof  save as expressly provided by the laws of the  State  of
Kansas.

   SECTION  4 - CLOSING TRANSFER BOOKS AND RECORD DATES, GENERAL.
The  Board of Directors of the Company shall have power to  close
the  stock  transfer  books  of the  Company  for  a  period  not
exceeding  sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days  preceding  the
date of:

   A. any meeting of stockholders, or
   B. any payment of any dividends, or
   C. any allotment of rights, or
   D. any  effective date of change or conversion or exchange  of
       capital stock;

provided,  however,  that in lieu of closing the  stock  transfer
books as aforesaid, the Board of Directors of the Company may fix
in  advance  a date, not exceeding sixty (60) nor less  than  ten
(10)  days  preceding the effective date of  any  of  the  above-
enumerated  transactions, and in such case such stockholders  and
only such stockholders as shall be stockholders of record on  the
date  so  fixed shall be entitled to receive notice of  any  such
transactions,   or  to  participate  in  any  such  transactions,
notwithstanding  any transfer of any stock on the  books  of  the
Company after such record date fixed as aforesaid.

   SECTION  5 - RECORD DATES, DIVIDENDS AND MEETINGS. Unless  and
until  the Board of Directors of the Company shall have otherwise
provided  by resolution, the stock transfer books of the  Company
shall  not be closed for any period for or preceding the  payment
of dividends or for, preceding or in connection with, any meeting
of stockholders.

   SECTION  6  -  EXCHANGES OF CERTIFICATES. While  the  transfer
books  are closed, no transfer of shares of the capital stock  of
the  Company  shall  be  made; but this  shall  not  prevent  the
issuance on the application of any stockholder of certificates of
smaller   denominations  in  lieu  of  certificates   of   larger
denominations,  or  vice versa, provided  the  amount  of  shares
standing  in  such  stockholder's  name  shall  not  thereby   be
increased or diminished.

   SECTION 7 - RULES AND REGULATIONS. The Board of Directors  may
at   any  time  adopt  such  additional  and  further  rules  and
regulations   (not  inconsistent  with  law,  the   Articles   of
Incorporation  of the Company or these By-laws) relating  to  the
issuance,  transfer and safety of stock certificates  as  it  may
deem advisable.

   SECTION  8 - INSPECTION OF BOOKS AND RECORDS. Any stockholder,
in  person  or  by attorney or other agent, upon  written  demand
under  oath  stating the purpose thereof, shall  have  the  right
during  the  usual hours for business to inspect for  any  proper
purpose  the  Company's By-laws, stock register, a  list  of  its
stockholders,  books of accounts, records of the  proceedings  of
the stockholders and directors, and the Company's other books and
records,  and  to  make  copies or extract  therefrom.  In  every
instance where an attorney or other agent shall be the person who
seeks  the  right of inspection, the demand under oath  shall  be
accompanied  by a power of attorney or such other  writing  which
authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on the behalf of
the stockholder.


                           ARTICLE VII
                          MISCELLANEOUS

   SECTION 1 - FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year of the Company  shall
begin on the first day of January in each year.

   SECTION  2  -  NEGOTIABLE  INSTRUMENTS.  Except  as   may   be
otherwise  from  time  to time prescribed or  determined  by,  or
pursuant  to  authorization of, the Board  of  Directors  of  the
Company with respect to the payment of money out of agent's funds
of  the  Company or other similar funds of the Company maintained
on  an  imprest  basis and limited in amount, all checks,  notes,
drafts, bills, acceptances, warrants or orders for the payment of
money  shall be signed and countersigned by such persons  as  the
Board of Directors or the Executive Committee of the Company  may
designate from time to time for such purpose.

   SECTION  3  - SEAL. The seal of the Company shall  be  in  the
form  of a circle and shall bear the name of the Company  and  of
the State in which it was incorporated, and the year of its incor
poration.

   SECTION  4 - WAIVER OF NOTICE. Any notice required by the  By-
laws  or the Articles of Incorporation of the Company or  by  any
provision  of  law  or  otherwise of the time,  date,  place  and
purpose of any meeting of stockholders of the Company or  of  its
Board  of  Directors may be dispensed with if  every  stockholder
entitled to vote at such meeting shall either attend in person or
be  represented  thereat  by proxy, or if  every  director  shall
attend in person, or if every absent stockholder entitled to vote
at  such  meeting or every absent director shall file in  writing
with  the  records  of the meeting, either before  or  after  the
holding thereof, waiver of such notice.

                          ARTICLE VIII
               EMERGENCIES  - PROVISIONS GOVERNING

   SECTION  1  - CALL OF SPECIAL BOARD MEETING. In the  event  of
warlike  damage  to the area in which the Company  operates,  any
officer  of the Company who is able to reach the head  office  or
temporary  head office of the Company, or communicate  therewith,
shall call a special meeting of the Board of Directors (i) if  in
his judgment there has been such loss of life or personal injury,
such  damage to property or such disruption of transportation  or
communications that the provisions of this Article should be  put
into  effect,  and (ii) if no regular or special meeting  of  the
Board  would otherwise take place before a meeting called by  him
could be convened.

   SECTION  2  -  DECLARATION OF EMERGENCY, QUORUM.   If,  within
seventy-two (72) hours of the call of such a special  meeting  of
the  Board  of  Directors of the Company, or of  the  date  of  a
regular  meeting  thereof,  a majority  of  the  whole  Board  of
Directors  cannot  be present as a result of a national  disaster
due  to  enemy  action, one-third (1/3) of  the  whole  Board  of
Directors  shall constitute a quorum for the transaction  of  any
business of such meeting, and may declare an emergency;  and  for
any  subsequent meeting of the Board of Directors convened during
such an emergency so declared, one-third (1/3) of the whole Board
of   Directors  likewise  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for   the
transaction of any business.

   SECTION  3  -  DURATION  OF EMERGENCY.  If,  pursuant  to  the
authorization  contained in Section 2 of this Article  VIII,  the
Board of Directors of the Company shall declare the existence  of
an  emergency,  such  emergency so declared shall  be  deemed  to
continue until a meeting of the stockholders (whether special  or
annual) can be convened; and the Board of Directors shall arrange
for  the holding of a meeting of the stockholders as soon as,  in
its judgment, it shall be practicable to do so.

   SECTION  4  -  FILLING  VACANCIES. During  such  emergency  so
declared, vacancies in the Board of Directors of the Company  may
be  filled  in  accordance with and pursuant to the authorization
contained  in  Section  3  of  Article  VI  of  the  Articles  of
Incorporation of the Company.

   SECTION  5  - CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. If, at the  meeting  at
which the Board of Directors shall have declared the existence of
an  emergency,  the  President of  the  Company  shall  not  have
survived  the disaster or shall have been disabled, or  shall  be
unable  to  communicate with any of the directors  who  shall  be
present  at  said  meeting,  the Board  shall  appoint  as  chief
executive officer the highest ranking officer of the Company  who
shall  have  survived, and shall not have been disabled  and  who
shall  be  able  to communicate with a director present  at  said
meeting;  and  if  the  President shall  not  have  survived  the
disaster, the Board shall choose at such meeting the person  whom
it shall have appointed the chief executive officer as President,
and elect him to the vacancy in the Board of Directors caused  by
the death of the former President.

   SECTION 6 - TREASURER, SECRETARY. If, at the meeting at  which
the  Board of Directors shall have declared the existence  of  an
emergency,  either the Treasurer or the Secretary of the  Company
shall  not have survived the disaster or shall have been disabled
thereby  or  shall  not  be able to communicate  with  the  chief
executive  officer, the Board of Directors at such meeting  shall
appoint  as Secretary or Treasurer, as the case may be, a  person
other  than  the chief executive officer who shall have  survived
the  disaster, and shall not have been disabled thereby, and  who
is able to communicate with the chief executive officer.
   SECTION  7  -  TERM  OF  OFFICE. Any person  appointed  as  an
officer  pursuant  to the provisions of this Article  VIII  shall
hold  office  for the duration of the emergency,  and  until  his
successor  shall be elected and qualified, unless sooner  removed
by a majority of the directors present and acting at a meeting of
the Board of Directors at which a quorum (as defined in Section 2
of this Article VIII) shall be present.

   SECTION  8  -  AUTOMATIC TRANSFERS OF PRESIDENT'S  DUTIES  AND
POWERS. If, after forty-eight (48) hours after the date fixed for
the  first meeting (whether regular or special) of the  Board  of
Directors which follows a national disaster due to enemy  action,
less than three (3) members of the Board of Directors are able to
be present at the meeting, the duties and powers of the President
shall  pass  automatically  (without  action  by  the  Board   of
Directors) to the Chairman of the Board (provided he shall be  an
officer),  if the President shall not have survived the disaster,
or  shall have been disabled, or shall not be able to communicate
with  any person at the place where the meeting was to have  been
held,  or  at  the head office or temporary head  office  of  the
Company.  If there be no such Chairman, or such Chairman  of  the
Board  also  shall not have survived the disaster, or  have  been
disabled, or shall not be able to communicate with any person  at
the place where the meeting was to have been held, or at the head
office  or  temporary head office of the Company, the duties  and
powers  of the President shall pass automatically (without action
by  the  Board  of Directors) to the highest ranking  officer  or
executive  of  the Company who shall have survived the  disaster,
shall not have been disabled and shall be able to communicate  as
aforesaid. If the President shall have survived the disaster, but
shall  have  been disabled or shall be unable to  communicate  as
aforesaid,  he shall recover automatically his duties and  powers

as  soon  as  he  shall  cease to be disabled  or  unable  to  so
communicate.  Likewise,  if  any  other  surviving   officer   or
executive who shall be senior to the officer or executive to whom
shall  have  passed automatically the duties and  powers  of  the
President, shall cease to be disabled or shall cease to be unable
to communicate, the duties and powers of the President shall pass
automatically to him, so that such duties and powers shall always
belong to the highest ranking surviving officer or executive  who
is  not  disabled  and is able to communicate  as  aforesaid.  No
officer  or  executive other than the President shall retain,  by
virtue  of this Section 8, the duties and powers of the President
after three or more directors of the Company shall be present  at
a meeting of the Board of Directors.

   SECTION  9  - RANK OF OFFICERS. For the purpose of Sections  5
and 8 of this Article VIII, the order of rank of the officers and
executives  of the Company shall be as determined  from  time  to
time by resolution of the Board of Directors.

   SECTION  10  -  LIABILITY. No director, officer, or  executive
acting  in  accordance with the provisions of this  Article  VIII
shall be liable except for fraud.

   SECTION  11  -  CONFLICT OF PROVISIONS. In the  event  of  any
conflict between the provisions of the other Articles of these By-
laws  and this Article VIII, the provisions of this Article  VIII
shall prevail and govern.