BY-LAWS

                                       OF

                              KANSAS CITY SOUTHERN

              INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

                  AS AMENDED AND RESTATED TO SEPTEMBER 24, 2002

                                    ARTICLE I

                            MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

         SECTION 1. PLACE OF MEETINGS.  Meetings of stockholders for any purpose
may be held at such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware,  as
shall be  designated  by the Board of Directors  and stated in the notice of the
meeting.

         SECTION 2. ANNUAL MEETINGS. The annual meeting of the stockholders,  at
which they shall  elect  directors  and  transact  such  other  business  as may
properly be brought  before the meeting,  shall be held on the first Thursday of
May in each year unless the Board of Directors  shall  designate some other date
therefor in April through September.

         To be properly brought before the meeting,  business must be either (i)
specified in the notice of the meeting (or any  supplement  thereto) given by or
at the  direction of the Board of Directors,  (ii)  otherwise  properly  brought
before the meeting by or at the  direction of the Board of  Directors,  or (iii)
otherwise  properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder.  In addition to
any other  applicable  requirements,  for business to be properly brought before
the meeting by a  stockholder,  the  stockholder  must have given timely  notice
thereof in writing to the  Secretary of the  Corporation.  To be timely,  such a
stockholder's  notice  must  be  delivered  to or  mailed  and  received  at the
principal  executive offices of the Corporation,  not less than 45 days nor more
than 90 days prior to the meeting; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in the event that the
meeting is  designated by the Board of Directors to be held at a date other than
the  first  Thursday  in May and less  than 60  days'  notice  or  prior  public
disclosure  of the date of the meeting is given or made to  stockholders,  to be
timely,  the notice by the  stockholder  must be so received  not later than the
close of business on the 15th day  following the day on which such notice of the
date of the  meeting was mailed or such public  disclosure  was made,  whichever
first occurs. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each
matter  the  stockholder  proposes  to  bring  before  the  meeting  (i) a brief
description  of the  business  desired to be brought  before the meeting and the
reasons for conducting  such business at the meeting,  (ii) the name and address
of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii) the class and number of shares
of  capital  stock  of the  Corporation  which  are  beneficially  owned  by the
stockholder  and the name and  address of record  under which such stock is held
and (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such business.

         Notwithstanding  anything in these By-Laws to the contrary, no business
shall  be  conducted  at the  annual  meeting  except  in  accordance  with  the
procedures  set forth in this Section 2 of Article I;  PROVIDED,  HOWEVER,  that
nothing in this Section 2 of Article I shall be deemed to preclude discussion by
any stockholder of any business properly brought before the annual meeting.

         The  Chairman of the annual  meeting  shall have the power to determine
whether or not business was properly  brought  before the meeting in  accordance
with the provisions of this Section 2 of Article I, and, if the Chairman  should
determine  that any such business was not properly  brought  before the meeting,
the Chairman  shall so declare to the meeting and any such business shall not be
transacted.

         SECTION 3.  NOTICE OF ANNUAL  MEETINGS.  Written  notice of each annual
meeting of the  stockholders  stating  the place,  day and hour of the  meeting,
shall be given to each stockholder  entitled to vote thereat,  at least ten (10)
days before the date of the meeting.

         SECTION 4.  QUORUM.  Except as  otherwise  required by statute,  by the
Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, the presence,  in person or by
proxy,  of  stockholders  holding  a  majority  in number of shares of the stock
issued and  outstanding and entitled to vote,  shall  constitute a quorum at all
meetings of the stockholders.  If, at any such meeting, such quorum shall not be
present or  represented,  the  stockholders  present in person or by proxy shall
have power to adjourn the meeting  from time to time  without  notice other than
announcement at the meeting until a quorum shall be present or  represented.  At
such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present in person or by proxy,
any business may be transacted  which might have been  transacted at the meeting
as originally noticed.

         SECTION 5. VOTING.  Each holder of shares of common stock and preferred
stock shall be  entitled to vote on the basis of one vote for each voting  share
held by him, except as provided in the Certificate of  Incorporation  and except
that in elections for directors  when the holders of the preferred  stock do not
have the right, voting as a class, to elect two directors, each holder of voting
shares  shall be  entitled  to as many votes as shall equal the number of shares
which he is  entitled  to vote,  multiplied  by the  number of  directors  to be
elected  and  he may  cast  all of  such  votes  for a  single  director  or may
distribute them among the number to be voted for, or any two or more of them, as
he may see fit.

         SECTION  6.  LIST OF  STOCKHOLDERS  ENTITLED  TO  VOTE.  The  Board  of
Directors  shall  cause the  officer  who has charge of the stock  ledger of the
corporation to prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every election of
directors,  a  complete  list  of the  stockholders  entitled  to  vote  at said
election,  arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of and the number
of shares of common stock and  preferred  stock  registered  in the name of each
stockholder.  Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for
any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period
of at least ten (10) days prior to the  election,  either at a place  within the
city where the  election  is to be held,  and which place be  specified,  at the
place where said meeting, or, if not specified,  at the place where said meeting
is to be held,  and the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of
election  during the whole time  thereof,  and subject to the  inspection of any
stockholder who may be present.

         SECTION 7.  INSPECTORS.  For each meeting of stockholders  there may be
appointed by the Board of Directors or by the Chairman of the meeting  three (3)
inspectors  of election.  If any  inspector  shall fail or be unable to serve as
inspector  or for any reason be unable to  complete  his  duties,  an  alternate
inspector  shall be  appointed  by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the
meeting.  The  inspectors of election  shall examine and canvass the proxies and
ballots,  and make and submit a signed  report of the votes cast at the meeting,
which shall be entered at large upon the records.

         SECTION 8.  INSPECTORS'  OATH.  An  inspector,  before he enters on the
duties of his office,  shall take and  subscribe  an oath  substantially  in the
following form before any officer authorized by law to administer oaths:

          "I do solemnly swear that I will execute the duties of an inspector of
          the election now to be held with strict  impartiality and according to
          the best of my ability."

         SECTION 9. SPECIAL  MEETING.  Special  meetings of the stockholders for
any purpose or purposes  may be called at any time by the  Chairman of the Board
of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, or at the request in
writing of a majority of the Board of Directors, by giving ten (10) days written
notice thereof to the stockholders.  Business  transacted at any special meeting
of the stockholders shall be limited to the purpose stated in the notice.

         SECTION 10. ORGANIZATION.  The Chairman of the Board of Directors,  and
in his absence the Chief  Executive  Officer,  the  President or one of the Vice
Presidents, shall call meetings of the stockholders to order and act as Chairman
of such meeting.  In the absence of all these  officers,  the Board of Directors
may appoint a Chairman of the meeting.  The Secretary of the  Corporation  shall
act as secretary at all meetings of the shareholders; but the Board of Directors
may designate an Assistant Secretary for that purpose before the meeting and, if
no such  designation  shall have been made, then such designation may be made by
the  Chairman of the  meeting.  The  conduct of any meeting of the  stockholders
shall be governed by such rules,  regulations  and procedures as the Chairman of
the meeting, in his sole and exclusive discretion shall determine.

         SECTION 11. STOCKHOLDER NOMINATION OF DIRECTORS.  Not less than 45 days
nor more than 90 days prior to the date of any  meeting of the  stockholders  at
which  directors are to be elected ("the Election  Meeting") any stockholder who
intends to make a nomination  at the Election  Meeting shall deliver a notice in
writing (the "Stockholder's Notice") to the Secretary of the Corporation setting
forth (a) as to each  nominee  whom the  stockholder  proposes to  nominate  for
election or re-election as a director,  (i) the name, age,  business address and
residence address of the nominee, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of
the  nominee,  (iii)  the class and  number  of shares of  capital  stock of the
Corporation  which  are  beneficially  owned by the  nominee  and (iv) any other
information  concerning  the nominee that would be required,  under the rules of
the Securities and Exchange Commission,  in a proxy statement soliciting proxies
for the  election  of such  nominee;  and (b) as to the  stockholder  giving the
notice,  (i) the name and  address  of the  stockholder  and (ii) the  class and
number of shares of  capital  stock of the  Corporation  which are  beneficially
owned by the  stockholder  and the name and  address of record  under which such
stock is held; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in the event that the Election Meeting is
designated  by the Board of  Directors to be held at a date other than the first
Thursday in May and less than 60 days' notice or prior public  disclosure of the
date of the Election Meeting is given or made to stockholders, to be timely, the
Stockholder's  Notice must be so delivered  not later than the close of business
on the  15th  day  following  the day on which  such  notice  of the date of the
meeting was mailed or such public  disclosure was made,  whichever first occurs.
The Stockholder's  Notice shall include a signed consent of each such nominee to
serve as a director of the Corporation,  if elected. The Corporation may require
any proposed  nominee or  stockholder  proposing a nominee to furnish such other
information  as may  reasonably be required by the  Corporation to determine the
eligibility of such proposed  nominee to serve as a director of the  Corporation
or to  properly  complete  any  proxy  or  information  statement  used  for the
solicitation of proxies in connection with such Election Meeting.

                                   ARTICLE II

                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS

         SECTION 1. GENERAL POWERS.  The general  management of the business and
affairs and all the corporate  powers of the Corporation  shall be vested in and
exercised  by its Board of Directors  which shall  exercise all of the powers of
the  Corporation  except  such  as are by  statute,  or by  the  Certificate  of
Incorporation   or  by  these  By-Laws,   conferred  upon  or  reserved  to  the
stockholders.  The  directors  shall  act  only  as a Board  and the  individual
directors shall have no power as such.

         SECTION 2.  NUMBER,  TERM AND  QUALIFICATIONS.  The number of directors
shall  not be less  than  three nor more  than  eighteen,  the  exact  number of
directors to be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by a majority
of the whole  Board,  and such exact number  shall be eighteen  until  otherwise
determined  by  resolution  adopted by a majority of the whole Board.  Directors
need not be stockholders.

         The Board of Directors  shall be divided  into three  classes as nearly
equal in number as possible. At each annual meeting of stockholders,  successors
to  directors  of the class  whose  terms then  expire  shall be elected to hold
office  for  a  term  expiring  at  the  third  succeeding   annual  meeting  of
stockholders.  When the  number of  directors  is  changed,  any  newly  created
directorships or any decrease in directorships shall be so apportioned among the
classes  as to  make  all  classes  as  nearly  equal  in  number  as  possible.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, whenever the holders of the preferred stock shall
have the right,  voting as a class,  to elect two  directors  at the next annual
meeting of  stockholders,  the terms of all  directors  shall expire at the next
annual meeting of  stockholders,  and then and thereafter all directors shall be
elected for a term of one year expiring at the succeeding annual meeting.

         From and after  January 19, 1990, no person who has attained the age of
72 shall be  eligible  to be  nominated  or to serve as a member of the Board of
Directors,  but any  person  who shall  attain  the age of 72 during the term of
directorship to which he was elected shall be eligible to serve the remainder of
such term;  provided,  however,  that any  person,  regardless  of age,  who, on
January 19, 1990,  is an incumbent  director,  shall be eligible to be nominated
for election and to serve one (1) additional term.

         SECTION 3. ELECTION OF DIRECTORS.  Directors  shall be  elected  at the
annual  meetings of  stockholders  by ballot in  the manner  provided  in  these
By-Laws and the Certificate of Incorporation.

         SECTION 4. NEWLY CREATED  DIRECTORSHIPS  AND  VACANCIES.  Newly created
directorships  and vacancies which shall occur in the Board of Directors because
of death,  resignation,  disqualification or any other cause, may be filled by a
majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, pursuant to
Section 223 of the General  Corporation Law of Delaware.  Such directors may, by
resolution,  eliminate any vacant directorship  thereby reducing the size of the
whole  Board  of  Directors  but in no  event  shall  the  size of the  Board of
Directors be reduced to less than three  directors.  No decrease in the Board of
Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent directors.

         SECTION 5. RESIGNATIONS.  Any director of the Corporation may resign at
any time by giving  written  notice to the  President or to the Secretary of the
Corporation.  Such  resignation  shall take effect at the date of the receipt of
such notice or at any later time specified  therein.  Unless otherwise  provided
therein,  the acceptance of such  resignation  shall not be necessary to make it
effective.

         SECTION  6.  ORGANIZATION.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall  hold  its
organizational  meeting  as soon as  practicable  after the  Annual  Meeting  of
Stockholders.  The  Chairman  of the Board of  Directors,  or in his absence the
President, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors.

         SECTION  7.  PLACE OF  MEETINGS.  The Board of  Directors  may hold its
meetings,  both regular and special, at such place or places,  within or without
the State of Delaware as determined by the Board of Directors.

         SECTION 8. REGULAR MEETINGS. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors
may be held  without  notice at such times and at such places as shall from time
to time be determined by the Board of Directors.

         SECTION 9. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board of Directors
may be called at the  request of the  Chairman  of the Board of  Directors,  the
Executive Committee,  or of the President,  or of any three members of the Board
of Directors. Notice of the time and place of such meeting shall be given either
by mail to each  director  at  least  three  (3) days  before  such  meeting  or
personally,  by telephone,  or by telegram to each director at least twelve (12)
hours before such meeting.

         SECTION 10.  QUORUM.  A majority of the Board of Directors at a meeting
duly assembled  shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business  except  as  otherwise  provided  by  statute,  by the  Certificate  of
Incorporation  or by  these  By-Laws.  The act of a  majority  of the  directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present  shall be the act of the Board
of Directors.  In the absence of a quorum,  a majority of the directors  present
may  adjourn the  meeting  from time to time until a quorum be present,  without
notice other than by announcement at the meeting.

         SECTION  11.  REPORT  TO  STOCKHOLDERS.  The  President  and  Board  of
Directors  shall make a report or statement of the affairs of the Corporation at
each regular annual meeting of the  stockholders  subsequent to the first annual
meeting.

         SECTION 12. COMPENSATION.  The directors may receive reasonable fees to
be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors for services  actually
performed in attending  meetings and for other services  actually  performed and
the  expenses  of  attendance,  if any,  may be allowed for  attendance  at each
regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors.  A director who is, at the
same time,  an officer or employee of the  Corporation  or of any  subsidiary or
affiliate,  shall not be entitled to receive any compensation or fee for service
as a director or as a member of any committee of the Board of Directors.

         SECTION 13. CONSENT OF DIRECTORS IN LIEU OF MEETING.  Unless  otherwise
restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation  or By-Laws,  any action required
or  permitted  to be taken at any meeting of the Board of  Directors,  or of any
committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or
Directors or Committee,  as the case may be, consent  thereto in writing and the
writing or writings  are filed with the minutes of  proceedings  of the Board of
Directors or Committee.

                                   ARTICLE III

                                   COMMITTEES

         SECTION 1. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION AND POWERS. There shall be
an Executive Committee to consist of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the
Chief Executive Officer and two (2) or more non-officer directors, the number of
which being fixed from time to time by resolution  adopted by a majority vote of
the whole Board of Directors.  The Board of Directors shall elect the members of
the  Executive  Committee  by vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors
and one member of the  Executive  Committee  shall be elected as Chairman by the
vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors. The members of the Executive
Committee shall be elected annually at the Board's  organizational meeting or as
soon as thereafter as possible.

         When the Board of Directors is not in session,  the Executive Committee
shall  have and may  exercise  all the powers of the Board of  Directors  in the
management of the business and affairs of the  Corporation in all cases in which
specific  directions  shall  not  have  been  given by the  Board  of  Directors
including,  but not limited to, the power to declare dividends on the common and
preferred stock of the Corporation, and to authorize the seal of the Corporation
to be affixed to all papers  which may require it. The members of the  Executive
Committee  shall act only as a committee  and  individual  members shall have no
power as such.

         SECTION 2.  COMPENSATION AND ORGANIZATION  COMMITTEE:  ORGANIZATION AND
POWERS.  There shall be a Compensation and Organization  Committee to consist of
three (3) or more non-employee  directors,  the number of which being fixed from
time to time by  resolution  adopted  by a majority  vote of the whole  Board of
Directors,  a majority  of whom  shall be a  "disinterested  person"  within the
meaning  ascribed  thereto  under Rule 16b-3  promulgated  under the  Securities
Exchange  Act of 1934 as  amended  from  time to  time  and  interpreted  by the
Securities  and  Exchange  Commission.  The Board of  Directors  shall elect the
members of the Compensation and Organization  Committee by vote of a majority of
the  whole  Board  of  Directors,   and  one  member  of  the  Compensation  and
Organization  Committee  shall be elected its Chairman by the vote of a majority
of  the  whole  Board  of  Directors.   The  members  of  the  Compensation  and
Organization  committee shall be elected annually at the Board's  organizational
meeting or as soon thereafter as possible.

         The Compensation  and  Organization  Committee shall have the power: to
authorize and determine all salaries for the officers and supervisory  employees
of the  Corporation  and subsidiary  companies as may be prescribed from time to
time by  resolution  adopted  by the  Board  of  Directors;  to  administer  the
incentive  compensation  plans of the  Corporation,  The  Kansas  City  Southern
Railway Company and the other subsidiaries of the Corporation in accordance with
the powers and authority  granted in such plans;  and to determine any incentive
allowances  to be  made  to  officers  and  staff  of the  Corporation  and  its
subsidiaries.  The Compensation and Organization  Committee shall have the power
to administer the Employee Stock  Purchase Plan of the  Corporation  under which
eligible  employees of the Corporation and its  subsidiaries  and affiliates are
permitted to subscribe to and to purchase shares of the Corporation common stock
through payroll deductions.

         The Compensation  and Organization  Committee shall have full power: to
act as the Stock  Option Plan  Committee  to construe  and  interpret  any stock
option  plan  or  similar  plan  of  the  Corporation  and  all  options,  stock
appreciation  rights and  limited  rights  granted  under this plan or any other
plan; to determine the terms and provisions of the respective option agreements,
including such terms and  provisions as, in the judgement of the Committee,  are
necessary  or  desirable  to  qualify  any of the  options as  "incentive  stock
options"; to establish and amend rules for its administration; to grant options,
stock appreciation  rights and limited rights under any stock option plan of the
Corporation;  to  determine  and  designate  the  recipients  of options,  stock
appreciation  rights and limited  rights;  to determine  and designate the dates
that  options,  stock  appreciation  rights and limited  rights are granted;  to
determine  and  designate  the  number  of  shares  subject  to  options,  stock
appreciation  rights and limited  rights;  to determine and designate the option
prices and option  periods;  and to correct any defect or supply any omission or
reconcile any  inconsistency  in any stock option plan of the  Corporation or in
any  option,  stock  appreciation  right  or  limited  right to the  extent  the
Committee  deems  desirable to carry any stock option plan or any option,  stock
appreciation right or limited right into effect.

         The Compensation and Organization  Committee shall also have the power:
to  review  the   consolidated   earnings  of  the   Corporation   and  to  make
recommendations  to the Board of  Directors  with respect to the  allocation  of
funds to the Corporation's Profit Sharing Plan; and to review the results of the
investment  program of the Profit  Sharing Plan and make reports  thereof to the
Board of Directors.

         The Compensation  and Organization  Committee shall also have the power
and  duty  to  initiate,   review  and  approve   succession   plans  and  major
organizational plans and changes within the Corporation and its subsidiaries.

         SECTION 3. AUDIT COMMITTEE:  ORGANIZATION AND POWERS. There shall be an
Audit  Committee  to consist  of three (3) or more  non-officer  directors,  the
number  of which  being  fixed  from  time to time by  resolution  adopted  by a
majority  vote of the whole Board of  Directors.  The Board of  Directors  shall
elect the  members of the Audit  Committee  by vote of a  majority  of the whole
Board of  Directors  and one member of the Audit  Committee  shall be elected as
Chairman by a vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors. The members of
the  Audit  Committee  shall be  appointed  by the Board of  Directors  to serve
staggered three-year terms.

         The Audit  Committee shall have the power and the duty to meet with and
consider  suggestions  from  members  of  management  and of  the  Corporation's
internal audit staff, as well as with the Corporation's independent accountants,
concerning  the financial  operations of the  Corporation.  The Audit  Committee
shall additionally have the power to review audited financial  statements of the
Corporation  and consider and recommend the  employment  of, and approve the fee
arrangement  with,  independent  accountants  for both audit  functions  and for
advisory and other consulting services.

         SECTION 4. NOMINATING AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE:  ORGANIZATION
AND POWERS.  There shall be a  Nominating  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee
consisting of three (3) or more directors,  the number of which being fixed from
time to time by  resolution  adopted  by a majority  vote of the whole  Board of
Directors.  Each member of this Committee shall be affirmatively determined by a
majority  vote of the whole Board of Directors to qualify as  independent  under
the New York Stock Exchange listing standards then in effect. The members of the
Nominating  and Corporate  Governance  Committee  shall be elected and vacancies
filled by the vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors, and one member
of the  Nominating  and  Corporate  Governance  Committee  shall be elected  its
Chairman by the vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors.  The members
of the Nominating  and Corporate  Governance  Committee  shall be elected by the
Board of Directors to serve staggered three-year terms.

         The primary  purposes of this  Committee  shall be to (i)  identify and
recommend to the Board of Directors qualified nominees for election to the Board
of  Directors  (whether  for  election  by the  stockholders  or by the Board of
Directors)  and (ii) to  advise  the  Board of  Directors  with  respect  to the
establishment,  implementation and evaluation of corporate governance guidelines
applicable to the Company.  The Committee shall prepare and present to the Board
of Directors  for approval a written  charter  setting  forth in more detail the
duties and responsibilities of the Committee.

         SECTION 5. RULES,  RECORDS AND  REPORTS.  The  Committees  may make and
adopt such rules and regulations  governing  their  proceedings as they may deem
proper and which are consistent with the statutes of the State of Delaware,  the
Certificate of Incorporation  and By-Laws.  The committees shall keep a full and
accurate  record of all their acts and proceedings and report the same from time
to time to the Board of Directors.

         SECTION 6. MEETINGS.  Regular  meetings of the committees shall be held
at such  times  and at such  places  as from  time to time  may be  fixed by the
committees.  Special  meetings of the committees may be held at such other times
as may in the judgement of the Chairman or, he being absent, in the judgement of
a member, be necessary.  Notice of regular meetings need not be given. Notice of
special  meetings  shall be given to each member by mail not less than three (3)
days before the meeting or  personally,  by telephone or telegram to each member
not less than twelve (12) hours before the  meeting,  unless the Chairman of the
committee,  or a member  acting in that  capacity in his  absence,  shall deem a
shorter notice expedient.

         SECTION  7.  QUORUM.  A  majority  of  members  of  a  committee  shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of
those  present  shall be the act of the  committee  (except  with respect to the
Compensation  and Organization  Committee,  in which any act of the Compensation
and Organization  Committee when acting as the Stock Option Plan Committee under
any stock option plan, must be authorized and approved by at least (3) members).

         SECTION 8.  SUBCOMMITTEES.  A committee may appoint  such subcommittees
as it shall deem necessary.


         SECTION 9.  VACANCIES.  Any vacancy in a committee shall be filled by a
majority of the whole Board of Directors.

         SECTION 10.  SUBSTITUTE  MEMBERS.  Whenever at any time a member of any
committee  shall be absent  from a  meeting  of that  committee  and it shall be
necessary in order to constitute a quorum or, for other reason, it may be deemed
expedient or desirable, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and
not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may
unanimously  designate a director  (subject to the eligibility  requirements set
forth in Sections  2, 3, and 4 above) to serve and act in his stead;  and in the
event that the absence of a committee member shall be prolonged, such substitute
member may,  subject to the approval of the  committee,  continue to act for the
term of its duration.  A director so designated  shall rank as a duly  qualified
member of the committee during incumbency,  and shall be entitled to participate
in its deliberations  with the same force and effect as if elected in the manner
herein elsewhere provided.

         SECTION 11.  COMPENSATION.  Subject to the  provisions of Section 12 of
Article  II of these  By-Laws,  each  member  of any  committee  may  receive  a
reasonable  fee to be fixed by the  Board of  Directors  for  services  actually
performed in attending meetings, and for other services actually performed,  and
shall  receive  expenses  of  attendance,  if any  actually  incurred by him for
attendance at any meeting of the committee.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                         OFFICERS, AGENTS AND EMPLOYEES

         SECTION 1.  ELECTION OF OFFICERS.  The Board of Directors at its annual
organizational  meeting,  shall elect a Chairman of the Board of  Directors  and
President of the  Corporation,  who shall be a member of the Board of Directors.
The Board of Directors may elect a Chief Executive Officer and a Chief Operating
Officer,  and the  Chief  Executive  Officer  shall be a member  of the Board of
Directors.

         SECTION 2. VICE PRESIDENTS. The  Board of Directors may, in its discre-
tion, appoint  an Executive  Vice President  and  one  or  more  additional Vice
Presidents.

         SECTION 3. OTHER  OFFICERS.   The Board of Directors  shall  appoint  a
Secretary,  a  Treasurer,  a  General  Counsel  and  Comptroller.  The  Board of
Directors may also appoint one or more  Assistant  Secretaries,  and one or more
Assistant Treasurers.

         SECTION 4. POWERS, DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.  The powers, duties and
responsibilities of the officers and employees of the Corporation, which are not
prescribed by statute,  by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws,
shall be defined in rules or  regulations  which may be adopted and from time to
time modified or changed by the Board of Directors.

         SECTION  5.  VACANCIES.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall,  as  soon as
practicable,  fill  any  vacancy  in the  office  of  Chairman  of the  Board of
Directors  or  President.  Any  vacancy  in  any  other  office  may  be  filled
temporarily by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President.  In case
of temporary  incapacity or absence of any of the officers,  the Chairman of the
Board of Directors, or the President, may make an appointment pro tem and confer
on such  appointee  full  power  and  authority  to act in  place of any of said
officers  or  appointees  so  temporarily  incapacitated  or  absent;  but  such
appointment  shall be  subject  to change by the  Board of  Directors  or by the
Executive Committee at any regular or special meeting.

         SECTION 6. ABSENCE FROM DUTY. No officer or employee of the Corporation
shall be absent from duty  without the consent of the  President  or the head of
the department in which he is employed.

         SECTION 7.  RESIGNATIONS.  Any  officer  may resign at any time  giving
written  notice to the  President or to the Secretary of the  Corporation.  Such
resignation  shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice,  or at
any later time specified  therein and, unless otherwise  provided  therein,  the
acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

         SECTION 8. REMOVALS.  All officers and agents of the Corporation  shall
be subject to removal at any time by the  affirmative  vote of a majority of the
members of the Board of  Directors  present at any  meeting.  All  officers  and
employees  not  appointed by the Board of Directors  shall hold their offices at
the discretion of the Executive Committee or of the officer appointing them.

         SECTION 9. TERM OF OFFICE.  The officers of the Corporation  shall hold
office for one year and until their  successors  shall have been duly elected or
appointed and qualified, or until they shall die, resign or be removed.

         SECTION 10. SALARIES.  The salaries of officers elected or appointed by
the Board of  Directors  or by the  Executive  Committee,  shall be fixed by the
Compensation and Organization Committee.  The salaries of all other officers and
employees  shall be  fixed  by the  President,  or by the  heads of  departments
subject to the approval of the President;  and the  compensation of all officers
and  employees  shall be subject to the control of the Board of  Directors or of
the Compensation and Organization Committee.

         No special compensation shall be paid to any officer or employee unless
authorized  by  the  Board  of  Directors,   the  Executive   Committee  or  the
Compensation and Organization Committee.

                       CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

         SECTION  11.  DUTIES.  The  Chairman  of the Board of  Directors  shall
preside at all meetings of the  Stockholders and the Board of Directors at which
he is present  and  perform  such  other  duties as the Board of  Directors  may
prescribe.  In his absence,  the  President  shall  discharge  the duties of the
Chairman of the Board of Directors.

                       CHAIRMAN OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

         SECTION 12.  DUTIES.  The  Chairman of the  Executive  Committee  shall
preside at  all meetings of the Executive  Committee.  In  the  absence  of  the
Chairman of  the Executive Committee, his  duties  shall be discharged  by   the
President.

                                    PRESIDENT

         SECTION 13.  GENERAL  POWERS AND DUTIES.  The President  shall have the
general  care,  supervision  and  control  of  the  Corporation's  business  and
operation  in all  departments  under  control  of the Board of  Directors.  The
President  shall have such other  powers and  perform  such other  duties as the
Board of Directors may from time to time  prescribe and shall perform such other
duties  as are  incidental  to the  office  of  President.  In  the  absence  or
incapacity  of the Chairman of the Board of  Directors,  he shall preside at all
meetings of the Board of Directors and stockholders.

         SECTION 14. APPOINTMENTS.  Except as otherwise provided by statute, the
Certificate of Incorporation,  or these By-Laws,  the President may appoint such
additional  officers and may employ such persons as he shall deem  necessary for
the proper management of the business and property of the Corporation.

                                 VICE PRESIDENTS

         SECTION 15.  POWERS AND  DUTIES.  The Vice  Presidents  shall have such
powers  and  perform  such  duties as shall from time to time be  conferred  and
prescribed  by the  Board  of  Directors  or by  the  Executive  Committee.  The
Executive Vice President shall,  however,  be the ranking officer in the affairs
of the Corporation next below the President.

                                    SECRETARY

         SECTION 16.  DUTIES.  The Secretary,  or, in his absence,  an Assistant
Secretary,  shall  attend  all  meetings  of the  stockholders,  of the Board of
Directors and of the Executive Committee, and shall record their proceedings. He
shall report to the Board of Directors and the  Executive  Committee and through
the respective Chairman.

         SECTION 17. NOTICE OF MEETINGS.  The Secretary shall give due notice of
all  meetings  of the  stockholders  and of the  Board of  Directors  and of the
Executive Committee, where such notice is required by law, by the Certificate of
Incorporation,  by these By-Laws,  by the Board of Directors or by the Executive
Committee.

         SECTION 18. CUSTODY OF SEAL,  ETC. The Secretary  shall be custodian of
the seal of the Corporation and of its records, and of such papers and documents
as may be committed  to his care by the Board of  Directors or of the  Executive
Committee.  He  shall  have  power  to  affix  the  seal of the  Corporation  to
instruments  to which  the same is  authorized  to be  affixed  by the  Board of
Directors  or by the  Executive  Committee,  and shall  have power to attest the
same.  He shall  perform  such  other  duties as may be  assigned  to him by the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, the Board of Directors or the
Executive  Committee,  or as may be prescribed in the rules or regulations to be
adopted by the Board of Directors.

         SECTION 19. DUTIES OF ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. The Assistant Secretary or
Secretaries  shall  perform such duties as may be assigned to him or them by the
Board of Directors or by the Executive Committee or the President,  or as may be
prescribed  in the rules or  regulations,  if any, to be adopted by the Board of
Directors or the  Executive  Committee;  and,  when  authorized  by the Board of
Directors  or by the  Executive  Committee,  he or they  shall have the power to
affix the corporate seal to instruments  and to attest the same, and to sign the
certificates of stock of the Corporation.

                                    TREASURER

         SECTION  20.  DUTIES.  The  Treasurer,  either  in  person  or  through
competent and faithful assistants,  shall receive, keep and disburse all moneys,
belonging or coming to the  Corporation;  he shall keep  regular,  true and full
accounts of all receipts and  disbursements,  and make  detailed  reports of the
same to the President,  to the Board of Directors or to the Executive Committee,
through  the  Chairman  of said Board of  Directors  or  Committee,  as and when
required.

         SECTION 21. OTHER DUTIES. The Treasurer shall perform such other duties
in  connection  with  the   administration  of  the  financial  affairs  of  the
Corporation as the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee shall assign to
him or as may be  prescribed  in the rules or  regulations  to be adopted by the
Board of Directors or the Executive Committee.  The Treasurer shall give bond in
such amount as shall be required by the Board of Directors  or by the  Executive
Committee. Any Assistant Treasurer appointed pursuant to the provisions of these
By-Laws shall also give bond in such amount as shall be required by the Board of
Directors or by the Executive Committee.

                                 GENERAL COUNSEL

         SECTION  22.  DUTIES.  The  General  Counsel  shall  render  such legal
services and perform such duties as the Board of Directors, Executive Committee,
Chairman of the Board of  Directors,  President  or other  elected or  appointed
officer may request from time to time.

                                   COMPTROLLER

         SECTION 23. DUTIES. The Comptroller shall have charge of the Accounting
Department.  He shall have the supervision and management of all accounts of the
Corporation,   and  shall   prescribe,   enforce  and  maintain  the  system  of
bookkeeping,  and the books,  blanks,  etc.,  for  keeping  the  accounts of the
Corporation.  He shall have the  cooperation of all  departments.  He shall keep
regular  sets of  books,  showing a  complete  record  of the  general  business
transactions  of the  Corporation,  and for that purpose  shall receive from the
Treasurer,  Assistant  Treasurers  and agents of the  Corporation  such daily or
other reports of receipts and disbursements as he may require.

         SECTION 24.  CUSTODY OF  CONTRACTS.   The  Comptroller  shall have  the
custody of all written  contracts and other similar written instruments to which
the Corporation is a party.

         SECTION 25.  STATEMENTS BY COMPTROLLER.  The  Comptroller  shall render
such  statements  of the  affairs  of the  Corporation,  shown by his  books and
records,  as may be required for the information of the Board of Directors or of
the Executive Committee,  and shall by proper distribution and classification of
the  accounts  under his charge,  be prepared to furnish  such reports as may be
required by the Chairman of the Board of Directors,  the President, the Board of
Directors, and the Executive Committee, or any state or federal official.

                                    ARTICLE V

                              CERTIFICATE OF STOCK

         SECTION 1. PROVISION FOR ISSUE, TRANSFER AND REGISTRATION. The Board of
Directors shall provide for the issue,  transfer and registration of the capital
stock of the  Corporation  in the City of New  York or  elsewhere,  and for that
purpose may appoint the necessary  officers,  transfer  agents and registrars of
transfers.

         SECTION  2.  CERTIFICATES  OF  STOCK.  Every  holder  of  stock  in the
Corporation  shall be entitled to have a certificate,  signed by, or in the name
of the Corporation by, the President or a Vice President and the Treasurer or an
Assistant  Treasurer,  or  the  Secretary  or  an  Assistant  Secretary  of  the
Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned.

         SECTION 3. FACSIMILE  SIGNATURES OF CERTIFICATES.  The signature of any
officer,  transfer  agent,  or  registrar  on a  certificate  for  shares of the
Corporation may be facsimile.  In case any officer,  transfer agent or registrar
who has  signed,  or  whose  facsimile  signature  has been  used  on,  any such
certificate or  certificates  shall cease to be such officer,  transfer agent or
registrar  of  the  Corporation,   whether  because  of  death,  resignation  or
otherwise,  before such  certificate or certificates  have been delivered by the
Corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be adopted by the
Corporation  and be issued and  delivered  as though  the person or persons  who
signed  such  certificate  or  certificates  or  whose  facsimile  signature  or
signatures  have been used thereon had not ceased to be such  officer,  transfer
agent or  registrar  of the  Corporation.  Record  shall be kept by the Transfer
Agent of the  number  of each  certificate,  the date  thereof,  the name of the
person owning the shares represented  thereby,  and the number of shares.  Every
certificate surrendered to the Corporation for transfer or otherwise in exchange
for a new  certificate  shall be canceled by  perforation  or otherwise with the
date of cancellation indicated thereon.

         SECTION 4. TRANSFER OF STOCK. Transfer of stock of the capital stock of
the Corporation shall be made only on the books of the Corporation by the holder
thereof,  or by his attorney  thereunto  authorized  by a power of attorney duly
executed and filed with the Transfer Agent of the Corporation,  and on surrender
for cancellation of the certificate or certificates for such shares. A person in
whose name shares of stock stand on the books of the Corporation and no one else
shall be deemed the owner thereof as regards the Corporation.

         SECTION 5. REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT.  The Corporation  shall at all
times  maintain  a  registrar,  which  shall  in  every  case be a bank or trust
company,  and a transfer  agent,  to be appointed by the Board of Directors,  in
accordance  with  the   requirements  of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange,   and
registration and transfer of the Corporation's  stock  certificates  shall be in
accordance with the rules and  regulations of said stock exchange.  The Board of
Directors may also make such  additional  rules and  regulations  as it may deem
expedient  concerning the issue,  transfer and  registration of certificates for
shares of the capital stock of the Corporation.

         SECTION  6.  CLOSING  OF  TRANSFER  BOOKS;  RECORD  DATE.  The Board of
Directors may close the stock transfer books of the Corporation for a period not
more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days  preceding the date of any
meeting of  stockholders or the date for payment of any dividend or the date for
the allotment of rights or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of
capital stock shall go into effect.  In lieu of closing the stock transfer books
as aforesaid,  the Board of Directors  may fix in advance a date,  not more than
sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days preceding the date of any meeting of
stockholders,  or the date for the payment of any dividend,  or the date for the
allotment of rights,  or the date when any change or  conversion  or exchange of
capital stock shall go into effect,  as a record date for the  determination  of
the  stockholders  entitled to notice of, and to vote at, any such meeting,  and
any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any such dividend, or
to any such  allotment  of rights,  or to exercise  the rights in respect of any
such change,  conversion  or exchange of capital  stock and, in such case,  such
stockholders  and only such  stockholders  as shall be stockholders of record on
the date so fixed  shall be  entitled  to such  notice of, and to vote at,  such
meeting and any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of such dividend,  or
to receive such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may
be  notwithstanding  any  transfer of any stock on the books of the  Corporation
after any such record date fixed as aforesaid.

                                   ARTICLE VI

                                      SEAL

         SECTION 1. The authorized seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of
the  Corporation,  the  year of  incorporation  and the  name  of the  state  of
incorporation.  The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile  thereof to be
impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise applied.

                                   ARTICLE VII

                                   FISCAL YEAR

         SECTION 1. The fiscal  year of the  Corporation  shall  commence on the
first day of January of each year.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                     NOTICES

         SECTION 1. FORM OF NOTICE. Where notice, other than by publication,  is
required  to be given by Delaware  law,  the  Certificate  of  Incorporation  or
By-Laws,  notice to directors  and  stockholders  shall not be construed to mean
personal notice, but such notice may be given in writing, by mail,  addressed to
such  directors or  stockholders  at such address as appears on the books of the
Corporation.  Notice  by mail  shall be  deemed to be given at the time when the
same shall be  mailed.  Notice to  directors  may also be given  personally,  by
telephone,  by  telegram  or in such other  manner as may be  provided  in these
By-Laws.

         SECTION 2.  WAIVER OF NOTICE.  Whenever  any notice is  required  to be
given  under  the   provisions  of  the  statutes  or  of  the   Certificate  of
Incorporation  or of these By-Laws,  a waiver thereof in writing,  signed by the
person or persons  entitled  to said  notice,  whether  before or after the time
stated herein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                  INDEMNIFICATION, AMENDMENTS AND MISCELLANEOUS

         SECTION 1.  INDEMNIFICATION.  Each person who, at any time is, or shall
have been, a director,  officer,  employee or agent of the  Corporation,  and is
threatened  to be or is made a party to any  threatened,  pending  or  completed
action,  suit  or  proceeding,   whether  civil,  criminal,   administrative  or
investigative,  by reason of the fact that he is, or was, a  director,  officer,
employee  or  agent  of  the  Corporation,  or  served  at  the  request  of the
Corporation  as a  director,  officer,  employee,  trustee  or agent of  another
corporation,  partnership,  joint venture,  trust or other enterprise,  shall be
indemnified  against expense (including  attorneys' fees),  judgment,  fines and
amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection
with any such  action,  suit or  proceeding  to the full extent  provided  under
Section  145 of the  General  Corporation  Law of the  State  of  Delaware.  The
foregoing  right of  indemnification  shall in no way be  exclusive of any other
rights of indemnification to which any such director, officer, employee or agent
may  be  entitled,  under  any  By-Law,   agreement,  vote  of  stockholders  or
disinterested directors or otherwise.

         SECTION  2.  AMENDMENTS.  These  By-Laws  may be  altered,  amended  or
repealed by a vote of a majority of the whole Board of  Directors at any meeting
of the Board of  Directors.  The Board of Directors in its  discretion  may, but
need not, submit any proposed alteration,  amendment or repeal of the By-Laws to
the stockholders at any regular or special meeting of the stockholders for their
adoption or rejection; provided notice of the proposed alteration,  amendment or
repeal be contained in the notice of such stockholders' meeting.

         SECTION 3.  PROXIES.  Unless  otherwise  provided by  resolution of the
Board of  Directors,  the  President  or, in his absence or  disability,  a Vice
President,  from time to time in the name and on behalf of the Corporation:  may
appoint an attorney or attorneys, agent or agents of the Corporation (who may be
or include  himself),  in the name and on behalf of the  Corporation to cast the
votes  which  the  Corporation  may be  entitled  to  cast as a  stockholder  or
otherwise in any other corporation any of whose stock or other securities may be
held by the  Corporation,  at  meetings  of the  holders  of the  stock or other
securities of such other  corporations or to consent in writing to any action by
such other  corporation;  may  instruct the person or persons so appointed as to
the manner of casting  such votes or giving  such  consent;  and may  execute or
cause to be executed in the name and on behalf of the  Corporation and under its
corporate seal all such written proxies or other instruments as may be necessary
or proper to evidence the appointment of such attorneys and agents.