RESTATED
                          CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

                                       OF

                     OLD REPUBLIC INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION


         The Board of Directors, in a procedure authorized by Section 245 of the
General  Corporation Law of Delaware,  approved and adopted at a meeting held on
December 2, 1998 the  following  Restated  Certificate  of  Incorporation.  This
document only restates and  integrates and does not further amend the provisions
of the corporation's  Certificate of Incorporation duly filed with the Secretary
of State of Delaware on March 6, 1969 as heretofore amended or supplemented, and
there is no  discrepancy  between those  provisions  and the  provisions of this
restated certificate.

FIRST:   The name of the corporation is Old Republic International Corporation.

SECOND:  The address of its  registered  office in the State of Delaware is 1013
         Centre Road, in the City of Wilmington 19805, County of New Castle. The
         name of its  registered  agent  at such  address  is The  Prentice-Hall
         Corporation System, Inc.

THIRD:   The nature of the business or purposes to be conducted or promoted are:

         To  acquire,  own and  dispose of the whole or any part of the  capital
         stock, securities, assets, or obligations of other corporations; and

         To engage in any lawful act or activity for which  corporations  may be
         organized under the General Corporation Law of Delaware.

FOURTH:  The total  number of shares of all  classes of capital  stock which the
         Corporation  shall have authority to issue is Six Hundred  Seventy-Five
         Million (675,000,000) shares, divided into three classes as follows:

         Seventy Five Million  (75,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock of the par
         value of one cent ($.01) per share (Preferred Stock).

         Five Hundred  Million  (500,000,000)  shares of Common Stock of the par
         value of $1.00 per share (Common Stock).

         One Hundred Million (100,000,000) shares of Class B Common Stock of the
         par value of $1.00 per share (Class B Common Stock).


                                      - 1 -



         The   designations,   powers,   preferences   and   rights,   and   the
qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the above classes of stock are as
follows:

                                   DIVISION I

                                 Preferred Stock

         1. The Board of Directors is expressly authorized at any time, and from
time to time, to issue shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series,  and for
such consideration as the Board may determine,  with such voting powers, full or
limited but not to exceed one vote per share, or without voting powers, and with
such  designations,  preferences and relative,  participating  optional or other
special rights, and qualifications, limitation or restrictions thereof, as shall
be stated in the resolution or resolutions  providing for the issue thereof, and
as are not  stated  in  this  Certificate  of  Incorporation,  or any  amendment
thereto.  All shares of any one series  shall be of equal rank and  identical in
all respects.

         2. No dividend  shall be paid or declared on any  particular  series of
Preferred  Stock  unless  dividends  shall be paid or  declared  pro rata on all
shares of  Preferred  Stock at the time  outstanding  of each other series which
ranks equally as to dividends with such particular series.

         3.  Unless  and  except  to the  extent  otherwise  required  by law or
provided in the resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors creating any
series of  Preferred  Stock  pursuant  to this  Division  I, the  holders of the
Preferred  Stock  shall  have  no  voting  power  with  respect  to  any  matter
whatsoever.  In no event shall the Preferred  Stock be entitled to more than one
vote in respect of each share of stock. Subject to the protective  conditions or
restrictions of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, any amendment to this
Certificate  of  Incorporation  which shall  increase or decrease the authorized
capital stock of any class or classes may be adopted by the affirmative  vote of
the holders of a majority of the  outstanding  shares of the voting stock of the
Corporation.

         4. Shares of Preferred Stock redeemed, converted, exchanged, purchased,
retired  or  surrendered  to the  Corporation,  or which  have been  issued  and
reacquired in any manner,  shall, upon compliance with any applicable provisions
of The  General  Corporation  Law of the State of  Delaware,  have the status of
authorized  and unissued  shares of  Preferred  Stock and may be reissued by the
Board of Directors as part of the series of which they were originally a part or
may be  reclassified  into and  reissued as part of a new series or as a part of
any other series,  all subject to the protective  conditions or  restrictions of
any outstanding series of Preferred Stock.



                                      - 2 -



                                   DIVISION II

                      Common Stock and Class B Common Stock

         1. Dividends.  Subject to the  preferential  dividend  rights,  if any,
applicable  to  shares  of  the  Preferred   Stock  and  subject  to  applicable
requirements,  if any,  with respect to the setting  aside of sums for purchase,
retirement or sinking funds for the Preferred  Stock,  the holders of the Common
Stock and the Class B Common  Stock  shall be  entitled to receive to the extent
permitted by law,  such  dividends  as may be declared  from time to time by the
Board of  Directors;  provided  that  whenever  a cash  dividend  is paid to the
holders of Class B Common Stock,  the Corporation  shall also pay to the holders
of the  Common  Stock a cash  dividend  per  share  at  least  equal to the cash
dividend  per share at least  equal to the cash  dividend  per share paid to the
holders of the Class B Common Stock and further  provided  that the  Corporation
may pay cash  dividends  to the  holders of the  Common  Stock in excess of cash
dividends  paid,  or without  paying cash  dividends,  to holders of the Class B
Common Stock.

         2.   Liquidation.   In  the  event  of  the  voluntary  or  involuntary
liquidation,   dissolution,   distribution  of  assets  or  winding  up  of  the
Corporation,  after distribution in full of the preferential amounts, if any, to
be distributed to the holders of shares of the Preferred  Stock,  holders of the
Common  Stock and the Class B Common  Stock shall be entitled to receive all the
remaining  assets of the Corporation of whatever kind available for distribution
to  stockholders  ratably in  proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock
and the Class B Common Stock held by them, respectively.

         3. Voting  Rights.  Except as may be otherwise  required by law or this
Certificate  of  Incorporation,  each holder of the Common  Stock shall have one
vote in respect of each share of Common Stock held by him of record on the books
of the Corporation on all matters voted upon by the stockholders and each holder
of the Class B Common Stock shall have  one-tenth  (1/10) of one vote in respect
of each share of Class B Common  Stock held by him of record on the books of the
Corporation  on all matters  voted upon by the  stockholders;  provided that the
holders of the Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock shall vote  together as
a single class.

         4.  Definition.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions of the  Designations,
Preferences and Rights of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, and the
Designations,  Preferences and Rights of Series G-2 Convertible Preferred Stock,
for the purposes of the Corporation's Restated Certificate of Incorporation,  as
amended, the term "Common Stock" shall mean Common Stock as defined in the first
paragraph of this Article  FOURTH and shall not include the Class B Common Stock
of the  Corporation,  provided,  however,  that for the  purposes of the section
titled  "Voting",  the term  "Common  Stock" shall mean both the Common Stock as
defined in the first  paragraph  of this  Article  FOURTH and the Class B Common
Stock of the Corporation."






                                      - 3 -



                                  DIVISION III

                        Elimination of Preemptive Rights

         No holder of stock of any class of the Corporation shall be entitled as
a matter of right to purchase or subscribe for any part of any unissued stock of
any  class,  or of any  additional  stock of any class of  capital  stock of the
Corporation, or of any bonds, certificates of indebtedness, debentures, or other
securities  convertible  into  stock  of  the  Corporation,   now  or  hereafter
authorized, but any such stock of other securities convertible into stock may be
issued and disposed of pursuant to  resolution by the Board of Directors to such
persons,  firms,  corporations or associations  and upon such terms and for such
consideration (not less than the par value or stated value thereof) as the Board
of Directors  in the  exercise of its  discretion  may  determine  and as may be
permitted by law without action by the stockholders.

                     DESIGNATIONS, PREFERENCES AND RIGHTS OF
                  SERIES A JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK


1.       Designation.

         The  shares of such  series  shall be  designated  as  "Series A Junior
Participating  Preferred Stock" (the "Series A Preferred  Stock") and the number
of shares  constituting  the Series A Preferred Stock shall be 10,000,000;  such
number of shares may be increased or  decreased  by  resolution  of the Board of
Directors;  provided,  that no  decrease  shall  reduce  the number of shares of
Series A  Preferred  Stock to a number  less  than the  number  of  shares  then
outstanding plus the number of shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of
outstanding  options,  rights or warrants or upon  conversion of any outstanding
securities issued by the Corporation convertible into Series A Preferred Stock.


2.       Dividends and Distributions.

         (a) Subject to the rights of the holders of any shares of any series of
Preferred  Stock (or any similar stock) ranking prior and superior to the Series
A Preferred  Stock with respect to dividends,  the holders of shares of Series A
Preferred  Stock, in preference to the holders of Common Stock,  par value $1.00
per share (the  "Common  Stock"),  of the  Corporation,  and of any other junior
stock,  shall be  entitled  to  receive,  when,  and if declared by the Board of
Directors out of funds legally  available for the purpose,  quarterly  dividends
payable in cash on the first day of March, June,  September and December in each
year (each such date being referred to herein as a "Quarterly  Dividend  Payment
Date"),  commencing on the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date after the first
issuance of a share or fraction  of a share of Series A Preferred  Stock,  in an
amount per share (rounded to the nearest cent) equal to the greater of (a) $1 or
(b) subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, 100 times the
aggregate  per share amount of all cash  dividends,  and 100 times the aggregate
per share amount (payable in kind) of all non-cash


                                      - 4 -




dividends  or other  distributions,  other than a dividend  payable in shares of
Common  Stock or a  subdivision  of the  outstanding  shares of Common Stock (by
reclassification  or  otherwise),   declared  on  the  Common  Stock  since  the
immediately  preceding  Quarterly  Dividend Payment Date or, with respect to the
first Quarterly  Dividend Payment Date, since the first issuance of any share or
fraction of a share of Series A Preferred  Stock.  In the event the  Corporation
shall at any time  declare or pay any  dividend on the Common  Stock  payable in
shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or  consolidation
of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than
by  payment of a dividend  in shares of Common  Stock)  into a greater or lesser
number of shares of  Common  Stock,  then in each such case the  amount to which
holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to
such event  under  clause (b) of the  preceding  sentence  shall be  adjusted by
multiplying  such amount by a fraction,  the numerator of which is the number of
shares  of  Common  Stock  outstanding  immediately  after  such  event  and the
denominator  of  which is the  number  of  shares  of  Common  Stock  that  were
outstanding immediately prior to such event.

         (b) The  Corporation  shall declare a dividend or  distribution  on the
Series  A  Preferred  Stock  as  provided  in  paragraph  (A)  of  this  Section
immediately  after it declares a dividend or  distribution  on the Commons Stock
(other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock); provided that, in the
event no dividend or  distribution  shall have been declared on the Common Stock
during the period  between  any  Quarterly  Dividend  Payment  Date and the next
subsequent  Quarterly  Dividend  Payment Date, a dividend of $1 per share on the
Series A  Preferred  Stock  shall  nevertheless  be payable  on such  subsequent
Quarterly Dividend Payment Date.

         (c) Dividends  shall begin to accrue and be  cumulative on  outstanding
shares of Series A Preferred Stock from the Quarterly Dividend Payment Date next
preceding  the date of issue of such  shares,  unless  the date of issue of such
shares is prior to the  record  date for the first  Quarterly  Dividend  Payment
Date, in which case dividends on such shares shall begin to accrue from the date
of issue of such  shares,  or unless the date of issue is a  Quarterly  Dividend
Payment Date or is a date after the record date for the determination of holders
of shares of Series A Preferred  Stock entitled to receive a quarterly  dividend
and before such Quarterly  Dividend Payment Date, in either of which events such
dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative  from such Quarterly  Dividend
Payment Date.  Accrued but unpaid  dividends shall not bear interest.  Dividends
paid on the shares of Series A Preferred  Stock in an amount less than the total
amount of such dividends at the time accrued and payable on such shares shall be
allocated pro rata on a  share-by-share  basis among all such shares at the time
outstanding.  The Board of Directors may fix a record date for the determination
of holders of shares of Series A Preferred  Stock entitled to receive payment of
a dividend or distribution declared thereon, which record date shall be not more
than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof.







                                      - 5 -




3.       Voting Rights.

         The  holders  of shares  of Series A  Preferred  Stock  shall  have the
following voting rights:

         (a) Except as provided in  paragraph  (c) of this Section 3 and subject
to the provision for adjustment  hereinafter  set forth,  each share of Series A
Preferred  Stock shall  entitle  the holder  thereof to 100 votes on all matters
submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation.

         (b)  Except as  otherwise  provided  herein or by law,  the  holders of
shares of Series A  Preferred  Stock and the  holders of shares of Common  Stock
shall  vote  together  as  one  class  on all  matters  submitted  to a vote  of
stockholders of the Corporation.

         (c) (i) If, on the date used to  determine  stockholders  of record for
any  meeting  of  stockholders  for the  election  of  directors,  a default  in
preference  dividends  (as  defined in  subparagraph  (v) below) on the Series A
Preferred  Stock shall exist,  the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall
have the right,  voting as a class as described in  subparagraph  (ii) below, to
elect two directors  (in addition to the directors  elected by holders of Common
Stock of the  Corporation).  Such right may be  exercised  (a) at any meeting of
stockholders for the election of directors or (b) at a meeting of the holders of
shares of  Voting  Preferred  Stock (as  hereinafter  defined),  called  for the
purpose  in  accordance  with the  By-laws  of the  Corporation,  until all such
cumulative  dividends  (referred to above) shall have been paid in full or until
non-cumulative dividends have been paid regularly for at least one year.

             (ii) The right of the holders of Series A Preferred  Stock to elect
two directors,  as described above,  shall be exercised as a class  concurrently
with the  rights of holders of any other  series of  Preferred  Stock upon which
voting  rights  to  elect  such  directors  have  been  conferred  and are  then
exercisable. The Series A Preferred Stock and any additional series of Preferred
Stock  which the  Corporation  may issue and which may  provide for the right to
vote with the foregoing series of Preferred Stock are  collectively  referred to
herein as "Voting Preferred Stock."

             (iii)  Each  director  elected  by the  holders of shares of Voting
Preferred  Stock  shall be  referred  to herein  as a  "Preferred  Director."  A
Preferred  Director so elected  shall  continue to serve as such  director for a
term of one  year,  except  that upon any  termination  of the right of all such
holders to vote as a class for Preferred  Directors,  the term of office of such
directors shall terminate.  Any Preferred  Director may be removed by, and shall
not be removed except by, the vote of the holders of record of a majority of the
outstanding  shares of Voting  Preferred  Stock  then  entitled  to vote for the
election of directors,  present (in person or by proxy) and voting together as a
single  class (a) at a meeting of the  stockholders,  or (b) at a meeting of the
holders of shares of such  Voting  Preferred  Stock,  called for the  purpose in
accordance with the By-laws of the Corporation, or (c) by written consent signed
by the holders of a majority of the then outstanding  shares of Voting Preferred
Stock then entitled to vote for the election of directors,  taken  together as a
single class.


                                      - 6 -




             (iv) So long as a default in any preference dividends on the Series
A  Preferred  Stock  shall  exist or the  holders of any other  series of Voting
Preferred Stock shall be entitled to elect Preferred Directors,  (a) any vacancy
in the office of a Preferred  Director may be filled  (except as provided in the
following  clause  (b)) by an  instrument  in  writing  signed by the  remaining
Preferred  Director  and filed with the  Corporation  and (b) in the case of the
removal of any  Preferred  Director,  the  vacancy  may be filled by the vote or
written consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Voting
Preferred Stock then entitled to vote for the election of directors, present (in
person or by proxy) and voting  together as a single class,  at such time as the
removal shall be effected. Each director appointed as aforesaid by the remaining
Preferred  Director shall be deemed,  for all purposes hereof, to be a Preferred
Director.  Whenever  (x) no  default  in  preference  dividends  on the Series A
Preferred  Stock  shall  exist  and (y) the  holders  of other  series of Voting
Preferred  Stock shall no longer be entitled to elect such Preferred  Directors,
then  the  number  of  directors  constituting  the  Board of  Directors  of the
Corporation shall be reduced by two.

             (v) For purposes hereof, a "default in preference dividends" on the
Series A Preferred Stock shall be deemed to have occurred whenever the amount of
cumulative  and  unpaid  dividends  on the  Series A  Preferred  Stock  shall be
equivalent to six full quarterly dividends or more (whether or not consecutive),
and, having so occurred, such default shall be deemed to exist thereafter until,
but only until, all cumulative dividends on all shares of the Series A Preferred
Stock then outstanding shall have been paid through the last Quarterly  Dividend
Payment Date or until, but only until,  non-cumulative  dividends have been paid
regularly for at least one year.

         (d) Except as set forth herein (or as otherwise  required by applicable
law),  holders  of Series A  Preferred  Stock  shall  have no general or special
voting  rights and their  consent shall not be required for taking any corporate
action.


4.       Certain Restrictions.

         (a) Whenever  quarterly  dividends or other dividends or  distributions
payable on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided in Section 2 are in arrears,
thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions, whether
or not declared,  on shares of Series A Preferred Stock  outstanding  shall have
been paid in full, the Corporation shall not:

                  (i) declare or pay dividends, or make any other distributions,
on  any  shares  of  stock  ranking  junior  (either  as to  dividends  or  upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock;

                  (ii)   declare   or  pay   dividends,   or  make   any   other
distributions,  on any  shares  of  stock  ranking  on a  parity  (either  as to
dividends  or upon  liquidation,  dissolution  or winding  up) with the Series A
Preferred  Stock,  except dividends paid ratably in the Series A Preferred Stock
and all such  parity  stock on which  dividends  are  payable  or in  arrears in
proportion to the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are then
entitled;


                                      - 7 -




                  (iii)   redeem  or   purchase   or   otherwise   acquire   for
consideration shares of any stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon
liquidation,  dissolution  or  winding  up) to the  Series  A  Preferred  Stock,
provided  that the  Corporation  may at any time  redeem,  purchase or otherwise
acquire  shares of any such junior  stock in exchange for shares of any stock of
the  Corporation  ranking  junior  (either as to dividends or upon  dissolution,
liquidation or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock; or

                  (iv) redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration
any shares of Series A  Preferred  Stock,  or any  shares of stock  ranking on a
parity with the Series A Preferred  Stock,  except in accordance with a purchase
offer  made  in  writing  or by  publication  (as  determined  by the  Board  of
Directors)  to all  holders  of such  shares  upon  such  terms as the  Board of
Directors, after consideration of the respective annual dividend rates and other
relative  rights and  preferences  of the respective  series and classes,  shall
determine in good faith will result in fair and  equitable  treatment  among the
respective series or classes.

         (b) The Corporation  shall not permit any subsidiary of the Corporation
to purchase or otherwise  acquire for  consideration  any shares of stock of the
Corporation unless the Corporation could, under paragraph (A) of this Section 4,
purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at such time and in such manner.


5.       Reacquired Shares.

         Any shares of Series A Preferred Stock purchased or otherwise  acquired
by the  Corporation  in any manner  whatsoever  shall be retired  and  cancelled
promptly  after the  acquisition  thereof.  All such  shares  shall  upon  their
cancellation become authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock and may be
reissued as part of a new series of Preferred  Stock  subject to the  conditions
and   restrictions  on  issuance  set  forth  herein,   in  the  Certificate  of
Incorporation,  or in any other Certificate of Designations creating a series of
Preferred Stock or any similar stock or as otherwise required by law.


6.       Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up.

         (a) Subject to the prior and  superior  rights of holders of any shares
of any series of  Preferred  Stock  ranking  prior and superior to the shares of
Series A Preferred Stock with respect to rights upon liquidation, dissolution or
winding  up  (voluntary  or  otherwise),  no  distribution  shall be made to the
holders  of shares of stock  ranking  junior  (either  as to  dividends  or upon
liquidation,  dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Preferred Stock unless,
prior  thereto,  the  holders of shares of Series A  Preferred  Stock shall have
received  $100 per share,  plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid  dividends
and distributions thereon,  whether or not declared, to the date of such payment
(the "Series Liquidation Preference").  Following the payment of the full amount
of the Series A Liquidation  Preference,  no additional  distributions  shall be
made to the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock unless, prior thereto,
the holders of shares of


                                      - 8 -




Common Stock shall have received an amount per share (the "Capital  Adjustment")
equal  to the  quotient  obtained  by  dividing  (i) the  Series  A  Liquidation
Preference by (ii) 100 (such number in clause (ii),  the  "Adjustment  Number").
Following the payment of the full amount of the Series A Liquidation  Preference
and the  Capital  Adjustment  in respect of all  outstanding  shares of Series A
Preferred  Stock and Common Stock,  respectively,  holders of Series A Preferred
Stock and holders of Common Stock shall receive their ratable and  proportionate
share of the remaining  assets to be  distributed in the ratio of the Adjustment
Number to 1 with  respect to such  Preferred  Stock and Common  Stock,  on a per
share basis, respectively.

         (b) In the  event,  however,  that  there  are  not  sufficient  assets
available to permit  payment in full of the Series A Liquidation  Preference and
the  liquidation  preferences  of all other series of preferred  stock,  if any,
which rank on a parity with the Series A Preferred  Stock,  then such  remaining
assets shall be distributed  ratably to the holders of Series A Preferred  Stock
and the  holders  of such  parity  shares  in  proportion  in  their  respective
liquidation  preferences.  In the event,  however, that there are not sufficient
assets available to permit payment in full of the Capital Adjustment,  then such
remaining assets shall be distributed ratably to the holders of Common Stock.


7.       Consolidation, Merger, etc.

         In case the  Corporation  shall enter into any  consolidation,  merger,
combination  or other  transaction  in which  the  shares  of  Common  Stock are
exchanged for or changed into other stock or  securities,  cash and/or any other
property,  then in any such case each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall at
the same time be  similarly  exchanged  or  changed  into an amount  per  share,
subject to the  provision for  adjustment  hereinafter  set forth,  equal to 100
times the aggregate amount of stock, securities,  cash and/or any other property
(payable  in kind),  as the case may be,  into  which or for which each share of
Common Stock is changed or exchanged.  In the event the Corporation shall at any
time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common
Stock,  or  effect  a  subdivision  or  combination  or   consolidation  of  the
outstanding  shares of Common Stock (by  reclassification  or otherwise  than by
payment of dividend in shares of Common  Stock) into a greater or lesser  number
of shares of Common  Stock,  then in each such case the  amount set forth in the
preceding  sentence with respect to the exchange or change of shares of Series A
Preferred Stock shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction,  the
numerator  of  which  is the  number  of  Shares  of  Common  Stock  outstanding
immediately  after  such  event and the  denominator  of which is the  number of
shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.


8.       No Redemption.

         The shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be redeemable.




                                      - 9 -




9.       Ranking.

         The Series A Preferred  Stock shall  rank,  with  respect to payment of
dividends  and the  distribution  of  assets,  junior to all series of any other
class of the Corporation's Preferred Stock.


10.      Amendment.

         The  Certificate  of  Incorporation  of the  Corporation  shall  not be
amended  in any  manner  which  would  materially  alter or change  the  powers,
preferences  or special  rights of the Series A Preferred  Stock so as to affect
them  adversely  without  the  affirmative  vote  of  the  holders  of at  least
two-thirds  of the  outstanding  shares  of  Series A  Preferred  Stock,  voting
together as a single class.


                     DESIGNATIONS, PREFERENCES AND RIGHTS OF
                             SERIES G-2 CONVERTIBLE
                                 PREFERRED STOCK

1.       Designation.

         1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock of the  Corporation,  no par value,
are hereby  constituted as a series of Preferred Stock designated as "Series G-2
Convertible Preferred Stock" (hereinafter called "Series G-2 Preferred Stock").

2.       Transferability.

         The shares of Series G-2 Preferred  Stock shall not be  transferable by
the  holder  thereof  otherwise  than by will or under the laws of  descent  and
distribution.  In the event that any shares of Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock are
transferred  by will or under  the laws of  descent  and  distribution  and such
shares of Series G-2 Preferred  Stock are not  thereafter  converted into Common
Stock  pursuant to the provisions of paragraphs 5 and 6, the  Corporation  shall
have  the  right  to  redeem  such  shares  of  Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock so
transferred pursuant to the following provisions:

         (a) At any time after six  months  from the date of death of the holder
which gave rise to such transfer,  the Corporation  shall have the right, at its
sole option and  election,  to redeem all of such shares of Series G-2 Preferred
Stock so transferred by will or under the laws of descent and  distribution at a
redemption  price per share equal to 95% of the audited  book value per share of
the  Common  Stock as of the  last day of the  latest  full  fiscal  year of the
Corporation,  plus an amount  equal to all  accrued  and  unpaid  dividends  and
distributions  thereon (the sum being hereinafter referred to as the "Redemption
Price"),  whether or not declared, to the date fixed by the Board for redemption
(the "Redemption Date").




                                     - 10 -




         (b) The  Corporation  shall not redeem pursuant to this paragraph 2 any
of the Series G-2 Preferred  Stock at any time  outstanding  until all dividends
accrued  and in arrears  upon all Series G-2  Preferred  Stock then  outstanding
shall have been paid for all past dividend periods, and until full dividends for
the then  current  dividend  period  on all  Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  then
outstanding,  other  than the  shares to be  redeemed,  shall  have been paid or
declared and the full amount thereof set apart for payment.

         (c) Notice of any  redemption of shares of Series G-2  Preferred  Stock
pursuant to this  paragraph 2 shall be mailed at least 30, but not more than 60,
days  prior to the  redemption  date to each  holder of  shares  of  Series  G-2
Preferred  Stock to be redeemed,  at such holder's  address as it appears on the
transfer  agent's books.  Any notice which is mailed as herein provided shall be
conclusively  presumed to have been duly given,  whether or not the  stockholder
receives such notice;  and failure to give such notice by mail, or any defect in
such notice,  to the holders of any shares  designated for redemption  shall not
affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other shares of
Series G-2 Preferred  Stock. On or after the date fixed for redemption as stated
in such notice,  each holder of the shares called for redemption shall surrender
the certificate or certificates evidencing such shares to the Corporation at the
place  designated  in such  notice and shall  thereupon  be  entitled to receive
payment of the Redemption Price.

         (d) Shares of the Series G-2  Preferred  Stock  shall be deemed to have
been redeemed immediately prior to the close of business on the Redemption Date,
the right to receive dividends and distributions  shall cease to accrue from and
after the Redemption Date, and the rights of the holder thereof,  except for the
right to receive the Redemption  Price in accordance  herewith,  shall cease and
terminate on the Redemption Date. As promptly as practicable  after surrender of
such shares as aforesaid, the Corporation shall pay to the holder the Redemption
Price for each share of Series G-2 Preferred Stock surrendered for redemption.


3.       Voting Rights.

         In addition to any special voting rights provided to the holders of the
Series G-2 Preferred  Stock as or part of a separate series or class pursuant to
paragraph  8,  any  provision  of  the  Certificate  of   Incorporation  of  the
Corporation  and any other voting rights  provided by law, each holder of Series
G-2  Preferred  Stock  shall be entitled to one vote in respect of each share of
stock held by him of record on the books of the Corporation on all matters voted
upon by the  stockholders,  such votes to be counted together with those for any
other  shares of capital  stock having the right to vote on all such matters and
not separately as a class or group.


4.       Dividends.

         (a) The  holders  of shares  of Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  shall be
entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends, when and as declared by the Board
of Directors out of funds legally available  therefor,  at an annual rate, based
upon $21.79 per share, which amount shall be


                                     - 11 -




proportionately  adjusted in the event of any stock dividend or  distribution in
shares  of  Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock,   any  subdivision,   combination  or
reclassification of the outstanding shares of Series G-2 Preferred Stock, or any
similar action,  equal to the prime rate to commercial  borrowers  posted by The
Northern  Trust  Company  of  Chicago  on the  January  1 or July 1  immediately
preceding  the next  dividend  payment date and no more,  before any dividend or
distribution  in cash or other property  (other than dividends  payable in stock
ranking  junior to the  Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock as to  dividends  and upon
liquidation) on any class or series of stock of the  Corporation  ranking junior
to the Series G-2  Preferred  Stock as to dividends or on  liquidation  shall be
declared or paid or set apart for payment.

         (b)  Dividends  on the  Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  shall be payable
semi-annually,  when and as declared by the Board of  Directors,  on June 30 and
December 31 of each year,  commencing the first June 30 or December 31 after the
date of the initial issuance of shares of the Series G-2 Preferred Stock, except
that if such date is a Saturday,  Sunday or legal  holiday  then such  dividends
shall be payable on the first immediately succeeding calendar day which is not a
Saturday,  Sunday,  or legal  holiday,  to holders  of record on the  respective
record dates not exceeding sixty days preceding such dividend  payments dates as
may be  determined  by the Board of  Directors in advance of the payment of each
particular dividend.

         (c) Dividends on the Series G-2 Preferred Stock shall be cumulative and
accrue  from and after the date of  original  issuance  thereof,  whether or not
declared  by the  Board of  Directors.  Accruals  or  dividends  shall  not bear
interest.

         (d) No  dividend  may be declared on any other class or series of stock
ranking  junior  or on a  parity  with  the  Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock as to
dividends in respect of any dividend  period  unless there shall also be or have
been  declared  on the  Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  like  dividends  for  all
semi-annual  periods  coinciding with or ending before such semi-annual  period,
ratably in proportion to the respective annual dividend rates fixed therefor.


5.       Liquidation Rights.

         (a) In the event of any  dissolution,  liquidation or winding up of the
Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of outstanding shares
of the Series G-2  Preferred  Stock shall be  entitled  to  receive,  before any
payment  or  distribution  of  assets of the  Corporation  or  proceeds  thereof
(whether  capital or  surplus)  shall be made to or set apart for the holders of
any class of common  stock of the  Corporation  or any other  class or series of
stock ranking junior to the Series G-2 Preferred Stock upon  liquidation,  cash,
per share,  in an amount  equal to 95% of the book value per share of the Common
Stock on the date of  liquidation  plus a sum  equal  to all  dividends  on such
shares  accrued and unpaid thereon to the date of final  distribution,  but they
shall be entitled to no further payment.  If, upon any liquidation,  dissolution
or winding up of the  Corporation,  the assets of the  Corporation,  or proceeds
thereof,  distributable  among the holders of the Series G-2 Preferred  Stock or
any other  class of  Preferred  Stock  ranking  on a parity  with the Series G-2
Preferred Stock as to payments upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up shall


                                     - 12 -




be  insufficient to pay in full the  preferential  amount  aforesaid,  then such
assets, or the proceeds thereof, shall be distributed among such holders ratably
in accordance with the respective  amounts which would be payable on such shares
if all  amounts  payable  thereon  were paid in full.  For the  purposes of this
paragraph  4(a),  the  voluntary  sale,  lease,  exchange or transfer (for cash,
shares of stock,  securities or other consideration) of all or substantially all
of the property or assets of the Corporation to, or a merger or consolidation of
the  Corporation  with one or more  corporations in which the Corporation is the
corporation  surviving such  consolidation of merger shall not be deemed to be a
liquidation dissolution or winding up, voluntary or involuntary.

         (b) If there is a merger of the Corporation  into or the  consolidation
of the Corporation with another  corporation in which the Corporation is not the
survivor, the holders of Series G-2 Preferred Stock shall retain the same rights
in the surviving corporation as outlined herein.


6. Conversion at Option of the Holder.

         Each share of Series G-2 Preferred Stock (other than those shares which
have been  surrendered for redemption  pursuant to paragraph 2) may be converted
at any time after six months  from the date of  issuance of such share of Series
G-2 Preferred Stock, at the option of the holder thereof,  into shares of Common
Stock  of the  Corporation,  on the  terms  and  conditions  set  forth  in this
paragraph 5.

         (a) Each share of Series G-2 Preferred  Stock shall be  convertible  at
the option of the holder thereof,  in the manner hereinafter set forth, into .95
fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock of the Corporation.

         (b) In order to effect  the  conversion  of shares  of the  Series  G-2
Preferred  Stock into Common  Stock in  accordance  with these  provisions,  the
holder thereof shall  surrender at the  Corporation's  principal  office or such
other  office  or  agency  as the  Board of  Directors  of the  Corporation  may
designate  the  certificate  or  certificates  therefor,  duly  endorsed  to the
Corporation or in blank,  accompanied by a written notice to the  Corporation at
said office stating that such holder elects to convert all or a specified  whole
number of such shares in accordance  with the provisions of this paragraph 5 and
specifying the name or names in which the certificate or certificates for shares
of Common Stock are to be issued.  No payment or  adjustment  shall be made upon
any  conversion on account of any dividends  accrued on the shares of the Series
G-2 Preferred Stock surrendered for conversion or on account of any dividends on
the Common Stock issued upon such conversion. Shares of the Series G-2 Preferred
Stock shall be deemed to have been converted  immediately  prior to the close of
business on the date (the  "Conversion  Date") of receipt by the  Corporation of
such notice and the surrender of the  certificate or  certificates  representing
the shares of Series G-2  Preferred  Stock to be  converted  (together  with any
required instruments or transfer),  and the rights of the holder thereof, except
for the right to receive Common Stock of the Corporation in accordance herewith,
shall  cease on the  Conversion  Date,  and the  person or persons  entitled  to
receive the Common Stock issuable upon such conversion  shall be treated for all
purposes as the record holder or holders of such Common Stock on the


                                     - 13 -




Conversion Date. As promptly as practicable after the receipt of such notice and
the  surrender  of such shares as  aforesaid,  the  Corporation  shall issue and
deliver at said office to the person or persons entitled to receive the same (i)
a certificate or certificates  for the number of validly issued,  fully-paid and
nonassessable  shares of Common Stock  issuable upon such  conversion,  together
with a cash  payment  in lieu  of any  fraction  of any  share,  as  hereinafter
provided,  and  (ii) if less  than the full  number  of  shares  of  Series  G-2
Preferred  Stock evidenced by the  surrendered  certificate or certificates  are
being  converted,  a new  certificate or  certificates,  of like tenor,  for the
number of shares evidenced by such surrendered  certificate or certificates less
the number of shares converted.

         (c)  No  fractional  shares  of  Common  Stock  shall  be  issued  upon
conversion  of shares of the Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  but,  in lieu of any
fraction of a share of Common Stock which would otherwise be issuable in respect
of the aggregate number of shares of the Series G-2 Preferred Stock  surrendered
for conversion at one time by the same holder, the Corporation shall pay in cash
as an  adjustment  of such  fraction an amount equal to the same fraction of the
Market Price (as defined  herein) of the Common Stock,  on the Conversion  Date,
or, if such date is not a Trading Day (as defined herein), on the next preceding
date which was a Trading Day.

         (d) The  Corporation  shall at all times reserve and keep available out
of its authorized but unissued  shares the full number of shares of Common Stock
into  which all  shares of the  Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  from time to time
outstanding are convertible.

         (e) The Corporation will pay any and all issue and other taxes that may
be payable in respect of any issue or delivery of shares on conversion of shares
of the Series G-2 Preferred Stock pursuant  hereto.  The Corporation  shall not,
however,  be  required  to pay any tax which may be  payable  in  respect of any
transfer involved in such issue and delivery of shares in a name other than that
in which the shares so converted were registered,  and no such issue or delivery
shall be made unless and until the person  requesting such issue has paid to the
Corporation the amount of any such tax or has  established,  to the satisfaction
of the Corporation, that such tax has been paid.

         (f) Shares of Series G-2 Preferred Stock may not be converted after the
close of  business  on the  third  business  day  preceding  the date  fixed for
redemption  or  conversion  by  the  Corporation  of  such  shares  pursuant  to
paragraphs 2 and 6.


7. Redemption or Conversion at Option of the Corporation.

         The  Corporation  shall  have the right  either to redeem or to convert
shares of Series G-2 Preferred Stock pursuant to the following provisions:

         (a) Each share of Series G-2  Preferred  Stock,  at any time after five
years  following the date of issuance of such share,  shall be redeemable by the
Corporation,  at its sole option and discretion, at a redemption price of $21.79
per  share,  plus an  amount  equal to all  accrued  and  unpaid  dividends  and
distributions thereon (hereinafter the "Redemption Price"), whether or not


                                     - 14 -




declared,   to  the  date  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Directors  for  redemption
(hereinafter the "Redemption  Date"), or convertible by the Corporation,  at its
sole  option  and  discretion,  into .95 fully paid and  nonassessable  share of
Common Stock of the Corporation.

         (b) If less than all of the shares of Series G-2 Preferred Stock at the
time  outstanding are to be redeemed or converted,  the shares so to be redeemed
or converted shall be selected by lot, pro rata (as nearly as may be) or in such
other manner as the Board of Directors may  determine in its sole  discretion to
be fair and proper,  except that in any  redemption  or conversion of fewer than
all of the outstanding shares of Series G-2 Preferred Stock, the Corporation may
redeem or convert  all shares  held by holders of less than 100 shares of Series
G-2 Preferred Stock.  Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions,  the Corporation
shall not redeem or convert less than all of the Series G-2  Preferred  Stock at
any time outstanding  until all dividends accrued and in arrears upon all Series
G-2 Preferred Stock then outstanding  shall have been paid for all past dividend
periods,  and until full dividends for the then current  dividend  period on all
Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  then  outstanding,  other  than the  shares to be
redeemed  or  converted,  shall have been paid or  declared  and the full amount
thereof set apart for payment.

         (c)  Notice of any  redemption  or  conversion  of shares of Series G-2
Preferred  Stock  pursuant to this  paragraph 6 shall be mailed at least 30, but
not more than 60,  days  prior to the  Redemption  Date or the date fixed by the
Board for  conversion  (the  "Corporation  Conversion  Date") to each  holder of
shares of Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock to be  redeemed  or  converted,  at such
holder's  address  as it appears  on the books of the  Corporation.  In order to
facilitate the redemption or conversion of shares of Series G-2 Preferred Stock,
the Board of Directors may fix a record date for the determination of holders of
shares of Series G-2  Preferred  Stock to be redeemed or converted not more than
60 days prior to the date fixed for such redemption or conversion.

         (d) Any notice which is mailed as herein provided shall be conclusively
presumed to have been duly given,  whether or not the stockholder  receives such
notice;  and failure to give such notice by mail,  or any defect in such notice,
to the holders of any shares  designated for redemption or conversion  shall not
affect the validity of the  proceedings  for the redemption or conversion of any
other  shares of Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock.  On or after the  Redemption  or
Corporate  Conversion  Date as stated in such notice,  each holder of the shares
called  for  redemption  or  conversion   shall  surrender  the  certificate  or
certificates  evidencing such shares to the Corporation at the place  designated
in such notice and shall  thereupon be entitled to receive either the redemption
price,  in the case of a redemption,  or a certificate or  certificates  for the
number of validly issued,  fully-paid and  nonassessable  shares of Common Stock
issuable in the case of a  conversion,  together  with a cash payment in lieu of
any fraction of any share, as hereinafter  provided. If less than all the shares
represented by any such surrendered certificate are redeemed or converted, a new
certificate shall be issued representing the unredeemed or unconverted shares.





                                     - 15 -




         (e) No  payment  or  adjustment  shall be made upon any  redemption  or
conversion on account of any  dividends  accrued on the shares of the Series G-2
Preferred  Stock  surrendered  for redemption or conversion or on account of any
dividends on the Common Stock issued upon such redemption or conversion.  Shares
of the Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  shall be deemed to have been  redeemed  or
converted  immediately  prior to the close of business on the Redemption Date or
Corporation  Conversion  Date, and the rights of the holder thereof,  except for
the right to receive the Redemption  Price or Common Stock of the Corporation in
accordance  herewith,   shall  cease  on  the  Redemption  Date  or  Corporation
Conversion  Date, and the person or persons entitled to receive the Common Stock
issuable  in the case of  conversion  shall be treated  for all  purposes as the
record  holder or holders of such  Common  Stock on the  Corporation  Conversion
Date.

         (f)  No  fractional  shares  of  Common  Stock  shall  be  issued  upon
conversion  of shares of the Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  but,  in lieu of any
fraction of a share of Common Stock which would otherwise be issuable in respect
of the aggregate number of shares of the Series G-2 Preferred Stock  surrendered
for conversion at one time by the same holder, the Corporation shall pay in cash
as an  adjustment  of such  fraction an amount equal to the same fraction of the
Market  Price (as  defined  herein),  of the Common  Stock,  on the  Corporation
Conversion Date, or, if such date is not a Trading Day (as defined  herein),  on
the next preceding date which was a Trading Day.

         (g) The  Corporation  shall at all times reserve and keep available out
of its authorized but unissued  shares the full number of shares of Common Stock
into  which all  shares of the  Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  from time to time
outstanding are convertible.

         (h) The Corporation will pay any and all issue and other taxes that may
be payable in respect of any issue or delivery of shares on conversion of shares
of the Series G-2 Preferred Stock pursuant  hereto.  The Corporation  shall not,
however,  be  required  to pay any tax which may be  payable  in  respect of any
transfer involved in such issue and delivery of shares in a name other than that
in which the shares so converted were registered,  and no such issue or delivery
shall be made unless and until the person  requesting such issue has paid to the
Corporation the amount of any such tax or has  established,  to the satisfaction
of the Corporation, that such tax has been paid.

         (i) In the case of a redemption,  the  Corporation  may, on or prior to
the Redemption  Date, but not earlier than 45 days prior to the Redemption Date,
deposit with its transfer agent or other  redemption agent selected by the Board
of Directors of the Corporation, as a trust fund, a sum sufficient to redeem the
shares of Series G-2 Preferred  Stock called for  redemption,  with  irrevocable
instructions  and authority to such transfer agent or other  redemption agent to
give or complete the notice of redemption  thereof and to pay to the  respective
holders of such shares of Series G-2 Preferred  Stock, as evidenced by a list of
such holders  certified by an officer of the  Corporation,  the Redemption Price
upon surrender of their  respective  share  certificates.  Such deposit shall be
deemed to constitute  full payment of such shares of Series G-2 Preferred  Stock
to their holders;  and from and after the date of such deposit,  notwithstanding
that any  certificates  for such shares of Series G-2 Preferred  Stock shall not
have been surrendered for cancellation,  the shares represented thereby shall no
longer be deemed outstanding, the rights to receive dividends


                                     - 16 -




and distributions  shall cease to accrue from and after the Redemption Date, and
all rights of the holders of the shares of Series G-2 Preferred Stock called for
redemption,  as  stockholders  of the  Corporation  with respect to such shares,
shall cease and  terminate,  except the right to receive the  Redemption  Price,
without  interest,  upon the  surrender of their  respective  certificates,  and
except the right to convert  their  shares  into  Common  Stock as  provided  in
paragraph 5 hereof,  until the close of business on the Redemption Date. In case
the holders of any shares shall not, within six years after such deposit,  claim
the amount  deposited  for  redemption  thereof,  such  transfer  agent or other
redemption agent shall, upon demand,  pay over to the Corporation the balance of
such amount so deposited.  Thereupon,  such transfer  agent or other  redemption
agent  shall be relieved of all  responsibility  to the holders  thereof and the
sole right of such holders shall be as general creditors of the Corporation.  To
the extent that shares of Series G-2 Preferred  Stock called for  redemption are
converted into Common Stock prior to the Redemption  Date, the amount  deposited
by the  Corporation  to redeem such shares shall  immediately be returned to the
Corporation.  Any interest accrued on any funds so deposited shall belong to the
Corporation, and shall be paid to it from time to time on demand.


8.       Distribution of  Reclassification  of Series G-2 Preferred Stock In the
         Event of  Distribution or  Reclassification  of Common Stock or Class B
         Common Stock; Adjustment of Conversion Ratio.

         (a) In the event the  Corporation  shall at any time after the issuance
of Series G-2 Preferred Stock pay a dividend or make a distribution in shares of
Common Stock or Class B Common Stock or subdivide or reclassify its  outstanding
shares of Common Stock or Class B Common  Stock into a greater  number of shares
of Common  Stock or Class B Common  Stock,  respectively,  then a  proportionate
dividend,  distribution,  subdivision  or  reclassification  of the  outstanding
Series G-2 Preferred  Stock shall also be effected,  as of the effective date of
the applicable  distribution  or adjustment  with respect to the Common Stock or
Class B Common Stock. In such event, the Redemption Price per share specified in
these provisions shall be reduced proportionately as to all shares of Series G-2
Preferred  Stock  outstanding or thereafter  issued and the annual  dividend per
share specified in these provisions shall be adjusted as provided in paragraph4.

         (b) In the event the  outstanding  Common Stock or Class B Common Stock
of the Corporation is hereafter  combined into a smaller number of shares,  then
the  rate  of   conversion   only,   specified   herein,   shall   be   adjusted
proportionately.


9.       Relative Rights of Preferred Stock.

         So long as any of the Series G-2  Preferred  Stock is  outstanding  the
Corporation will not:

          (i) Declare,  or pay, or set apart for payment,  any dividends  (other
than dividends payable in stock ranking junior to the Series G-2 Preferred Stock
as to dividends and upon


                                     - 17 -




liquidation)  or make any  distribution  in cash or other  property on any other
class or series of stock of the  Corporation  ranking  junior to the  Series G-2
Preferred Stock either as to dividends or upon  liquidation and will not redeem,
purchase or otherwise acquire,  any shares of any such junior class or series if
at the time of  making  such  declaration,  payment,  distribution,  redemption,
purchase or acquisition the Corporation  shall be in default with respect to any
dividend payable on, or any obligation to retire shares of, Series G-2 Preferred
Stock, provided that,  notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation may at any
time redeem,  purchase or otherwise  acquire  shares of stock of any such junior
class in exchange  for, or out of the net cash  proceeds from the sale of, other
shares of stock of any junior class or series; or

         (ii) Without the  affirmative  vote or of the holders of  two-thirds of
all the Series G-2 Preferred Stock at the time  outstanding,  given in person or
by proxy,  by resolution  adopted at an annual or special meeting called for the
purpose, at which the holders of the shares of this series shall vote separately
as a class, (A) authorize, create or issue, or increase the authorized or issued
amount,  of any  class or  series  of stock  ranking  prior  to the  Series  G-2
Preferred Stock either as to dividends or upon liquidation;  or (B) amend, alter
or  repeal  any  of  the   provisions  of  the   Corporation's   Certificate  of
Incorporation, Bylaws or Certificate of Designations,  Preferences and Rights of
the Series G-2 Preferred  Stock,  so as to materially  and adversely  affect the
preferences,  rights,  privileges or powers of the Series G-2  Preferred  Stock;
provided, however, that any increase in the authorized Preferred Stock or in the
creation and issuance of other  series of  Preferred  Stock  ranking on a parity
with the  Series  G-2  Preferred  Stock  shall not be deemed to  materially  and
adversely affect such preferences, rights, privileges or powers.


10       Status.

         Shares of this series  which have been  converted  into Common Stock or
which have been issued and acquired in any manner by the Corporation (excluding,
until the Corporation  elects to retire them,  shares which are held as treasury
shares but including  shares  redeemed and shares  purchased and retired) shall,
upon  compliance  with any  applicable  provisions  of the laws of the  State of
Delaware,  have the status of authorized and unissued  shares of Preferred Stock
and may be reclassified  and reissued as part of a new series of Preferred Stock
to be created by resolution or  resolutions of the Board of Directors or as part
of any series of  Preferred  Stock  other than this  series,  all subject to the
conditions  and  restrictions  on  issuances  set  forth  in any  resolution  or
resolutions  adopted by the Board of  Directors  providing  for the issue of any
series of Preferred Stock.








                                     - 18 -




11.      Priority.

         The Preferred  Stock of the  Corporation  heretofore  authorized by the
Board of  Directors  of the  Corporation  shall rank on a parity  with,  and the
Common Stock and Class B Common Stock of the  Corporation  shall rank junior to,
the Series G-2 Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon liquidation.


12.      Certain Definitions.

         (a) For the purposes of these  provisions  the terms "Common Stock" and
"Class B Common  Stock"  mean the  Common  Stock of the  Corporation,  $1.00 par
value, and the Class B Common Stock of the Corporation,  $1.00 par value, as the
same exist as of the original  date of issue of the Series G Preferred  Stock or
as such stock may be reconstituted from time to time.

         (b) As used in these  provisions,  the term  "Market  Price" on any day
shall mean the  reported  last sales  price on such day or, in case no such sale
takes  place on such day,  the  average of the  reported  closing  bid and asked
prices, in each case on the New York Stock Exchange,  or, if the Common Stock is
not listed or admitted to trading on such  Exchange,  on the principal  national
securities  exchange on which the Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading,
or, if not listed or admitted to trading on any  national  securities  exchange,
then the average of the closing bid and asked  prices of the Common Stock in the
over-the-counter  market as reported on NASDAQ or a similar  reporting  service;
and the  term  "Trading  Day"  shall  mean a date on which  the New  York  Stock
Exchange (or any  Successor to such  Exchange)  is open for the  transaction  of
business.


FIFTH:    The number of directors of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to
          time by, or in the manner provided in,its by-laws and may be increased
          or decreased as therein  provided, but in no event shall the number of
          directors of the Corporation be less than five nor more than eighteen.
          The directors shall be classified with respect to the time  for which
          they shall  severally  hold office by dividing them as equally as the 
          total  number of  directors  will  permit into three classes,  and all
          directors  shall hold office until their  successors are  elected  and
          qualified.  The term of  service  of each class of directors  shall be
          three years or until the third  annual  meeting  of  the  shareholders
          following  the  election of  the class. The  terms of  service of each
          class of directors  shall expire in successive  years.  At each annual
          meeting of the shareholders,successors to the class of directors whose
          terms then expire shall be elected to serve for the full term of three
          years or until  the third  annual  meeting  of shareholders  following
          their  election. For purposes of the annual meeting of shareholders to
          be held in 1978,the current classification of directors shall continue
          and only that class of directors  whose term  expires at that  meeting
          shall be elected.  At each  succeeding annual meeting of shareholders,
          the shareholders  shall elect directors only of the class whose  terms
          then expire.


                                     - 19 -




SIXTH:    The Corporation is to have perpetual existence.


SEVENTH:  The  private property  of the stockholders shall not be subject to the
          payment of corporate debts to any extent whatsoever.


EIGHTH:   In  furtherance  and not in  limitation  of the  powers  conferred  by
          statute,  the Board of Directors is expressly  authorized,  subject to
          the protective conditions or restrictions of any outstanding series of
          Preferred  Stock  fixed by the  Board  of  Directors  pursuant  to the
          authority  conferred  upon the Board of Directors by Article Fourth of
          this  Certificate of  Incorporation  and Section 151 of Title 8 of the
          Delaware Code:

          1. To make, alter or repeal the By-laws of the Corporation.

          2. To authorize  and cause to be executed  mortgages  and liens on the
             real and personal property of the Corporation.

          3. To set apart out of any of the funds of the  Corporation  available
             for  dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper  purpose and to
             abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

          4. By a  majority  of the  whole  Board,  to  designate  one  or  more
             committees,  each  committee  to  consist  of  two or  more  of the
             Directors of the  Corporation.  The Board may designate one or more
             Directors as alternate  members of any  committee,  who may replace
             any absent or disqualified  member at any meeting of the committee.
             Any such committee,  to the extent provided in the resolution or in
             the By-laws of the  Corporation,  shall have and may  exercise  the
             powers of the Board of Directors in the  management of the business
             and affairs of the  Corporation,  and may authorize the seal of the
             Corporation  to be  affixed  to all papers  which may  require  it;
             provided,  however,  the By-laws may provide that in the absence or
             disqualification  of any member of such committee or committees the
             member  or  members   thereof   present  at  any  meeting  and  not
             disqualified  from voting,  whether or not he or they  constitute a
             quorum,  may  unanimously  appoint  another  member of the Board of
             Directors  to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or
             disqualified member.

         5.  Subject  to the  provisions  of  Article  Fourteenth  of this
             Certificate  of  Incorporation,  when  and as  authorized  by the
             affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock issued
             and  outstanding  having  voting  power  given at a  stockholders
             meeting  duly  called upon such notice as is required by statute,
             or when  authorized  by the  written  consent of the holders of a
             majority of the voting  stock  issued and  outstanding,  to sell,
             lease or exchange  all or  substantially  all of the property and
             assets  of  the  Corporation,  including  its  goodwill  and  its
             corporate franchises, upon such terms and conditions and for such
             consideration,  which may consist in whole or in part of money or
             property including

                                     - 20 -




             shares  of  stock  in,   and/or  other   securities  of  any  other
             corporation or  corporations,  as its Board of Directors shall deem
             expedient and for the best interests of the Corporation.


NINTH:    Whenever a compromise  or  arrangement  is proposed between this Corp-
          oration  and  its  creditors  or any class of them and/or between this
          Corporation and  its stockholders  or any class of them, any  court of
          equitable  jurisdiction  within  the  State  of Delaware  may  on  the
          application in a summary way of this Corporation or of any creditor or
          stockholder thereof or on the application of any receiver or receivers
          appointed  for this Corporation under the provisions of Section 291 of
          Title 8 of the Delaware Code or on the application of trustees in dis-
          solution or of any receiver  or receivers appointed for  this Corpora-
          tion under the  provisions  of Section 279 of Title 8 of the  Delaware
          Code order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of
          the stockholders or class of stockholders of this Corporation, as  the
          case may be, to be  summoned in such manner as the said court directs.
          If a majority in number  representing  three-fourths in  value  of the
          creditors  or class of  creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class
          of stockholders of this  Corporation, as the case may be, agree to any
          compromise or arrangement and to any reorganization  of this  Corpora-
          tion  as  consequence  of  such  compromise  or arrangement, the  said
          compromise  or arrangement  and  the  said  reorganization  shall,  if
          sanctioned  by the court to which the said  application has been made,
          the binding on all the creditors or class of creditors,  and/or on all
          the  stockholders or class of stockholders,  of this  Corporation,  as
          the case may be, and also on this Corporation.


TENTH:    Meetings  of  stockholders  and of the Board of Directors may be  held
          within or without the State of Delaware,  as the By-laws may  provide.
          The  books  of the Corporation  may  be kept (subject to any provision
          contained  in the  statutes) outside  the  State of  Delaware  at such
          place or  places  as may be designated  from time to time by the Board
          of  Directors  or  in  the By-laws of  the  Corporation.  Elections of
          Directors need not be  by written ballot unless  the  By-laws  of  the
          Corporation shall so provide.


ELEVENTH: The Corporation  reserves the right to amend,  alter, change or repeal
          any provision  contained in this Certificate of Incorporation,  in the
          manner  now  or  hereafter  prescribed  by  statute,  and  all  rights
          conferred  upon  stockholders  herein  are  granted  subject  to  this
          reservation.


TWELFTH:      1. No contract or transaction  between the  Corporation and one or
              more of its Directors or officers,  or between the Corporation and
              any  other   corporation,   partnership,   association   or  other
              organization in which one or more of its Directors or officers are
              directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void
              or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the Director
              or office is present at or participates in the


                                     - 21 -




              meeting of the Board or committee  thereof  which  authorizes  the
              contract or transaction,  or solely because his or their votes are
              counted for such purpose, if:


              (a)    The  material  facts  as to  his  interest  and  as to  the
                     contract or  transaction  are disclosed or are known to the
                     Board  of  Directors  or the  committee,  and the  Board or
                     committee  in  good  faith   authorizes   the  contract  or
                     transaction by a vote  sufficient for such purpose  without
                     counting the vote of the interested  Director or Directors;
                     or

              (b)    The  material  facts  as to  his  interest  and  as to  the
                     contract or  transaction  are disclosed or are known to the
                     stockholders  entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or
                     transaction is specifically  approved in good faith by vote
                     of the stockholders; or

              (c)    The contract or transaction  is fair as to the  Corporation
                     as of the time it is authorized,  approved or ratified,  by
                     the  Board  of  Directors,  a  committee  thereof,  or  the
                     stockholders.

            Common or  interested  Directors may be counted in  determining  the
            presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of  Directors or of a
            committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.


THIRTEENTH:    1. The  Corporation  shall  indemnify  any person who was or is a
               party  or is  threatened  to be made a party  to any  threatened,
               pending or completed action,  suit or proceeding,  whether civil,
               criminal,  administrative or investigative  (other than an action
               by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that
               he is or  was a  director,  officer,  employee  or  agent  of the
               Corporation,  or  is  or  was  serving  at  the  request  of  the
               Corporation as a director,  officer, employee or agent of another
               corporation,   partnership,   joint   venture,   trust  or  other
               enterprise,   against  expenses   (including   attorneys'  fees),
               judgments,  fines and amounts  paid in  settlement  actually  and
               reasonably  incurred by him in connection with such action,  suit
               or  proceeding  if he acted  in good  faith  and in a  manner  he
               reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests
               of the  Corporation,  and, with respect to any criminal action or
               proceeding,  had no reasonable  cause to believe this conduct was
               unlawful.  The  termination of any action,  suit or proceeding by
               judgment,  order,  settlement,  conviction or upon a plea of nolo
               contendere  or its  equivalent,  shall not,  of itself,  create a
               presumption  that the  person  did not act in good faith and in a
               manner  which he  reasonably  believed to be in or not opposed to
               the best interests of the  Corporation,  and, with respect to any
               criminal  action or proceeding,  had reasonable  cause to believe
               that his conduct was unlawful.

            2. The Corporation  shall indemnify any person who was or is a party
               or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or
               completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to
               procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the

                                     - 22 -




               fact that he is or was a Director,  officer, employee or agent of
               the  Corporation,  or is or was  serving  at the  request  of the
               Corporation as a director,  officer, employee or agent of another
               corporation,   partnership,   joint   venture,   trust  or  other
               enterprise  against  expenses  (including  attorneys'  fees)  and
               amounts paid in settlement  actually and  reasonably  incurred by
               him/her in  connection  with the  defense or  settlement  of such
               action  or suit if  he/she  acted in good  faith  and in a manner
               he/she  reasonably  believed  to be in or not opposed to the best
               interests   of  the   Corporation   and   except   that  no  such
               indemnification  shall be made in respect to any claim,  issue or
               matter as to which such  person  shall have been  adjudged  to be
               liable to the Corporation  unless and only to the extent that the
               Court of  Chancery  of Delaware or the court in which such action
               or suit  was  brought  shall  determine  upon  application  that,
               despite  the  adjudication  of  liability  but in view of all the
               circumstances  of the case,  such person is fairly and reasonably
               entitled  to  indemnity  for such  expenses  which  the  Court of
               Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

            3. To the extent that any person  referred to in  paragraphs 1 and 2
               of this Article  Thirteenth has been  successful on the merits or
               otherwise in defense of any action,  suit or proceeding  referred
               to therein or in defense of any claim,  issue or matter  therein,
               he shall be indemnified  against expenses  (including  attorneys'
               fees)  actually  and  reasonably  incurred  by him in  connection
               therewith.

            4. Any  indemnification  under  paragraphs  1 and 2 of this  Article
               Thirteenth,  (unless  ordered  by a  court)  shall be made by the
               Corporation  only  as  authorized  in the  specific  case  upon a
               determination  that  indemnification  of the  Director,  officer,
               employee or agent is proper in the  circumstances  because he has
               met the applicable  standard of conduct set forth in paragraphs 1
               and 2 of this Article  Thirteenth.  Such  determination  shall be
               made (a) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum
               (as  defined in the  By-laws of the  Corporation)  consisting  of
               Directors   who  were  not  parties  to  such  action,   suit  or
               proceeding, or (b) if such quorum is not obtainable,  or, even if
               obtainable a quorum of  disinterested  Directors  so directs,  by
               independent  legal  counsel in a written  opinion,  or (c) by the
               stockholders.

            5. Expenses  incurred in defending a civil or criminal action,  suit
               or proceeding  may be paid by the  Corporation  in advance of the
               final  disposition  of such  action,  suit or  proceeding  in the
               manner  provided in paragraph 4 of this Article  Thirteenth  upon
               receipt  of an  undertaking  by or on  behalf  of  the  Director,
               officer,  employee  or  agent to repay  such  amount  if it shall
               ultimately  be  determined  that  he/she  is not  entitled  to be
               indemnified  by the  Corporation  as  authorized  in this Article
               Thirteenth.





                                     - 23 -




            6. The  indemnification  and advancement of expenses provided by, or
               granted  pursuant  to other  section of this  Article  Thirteenth
               shall not be deemed  exclusive of any other rights to which those
               seeking   indemnification  or  advancement  of  expenses  may  be
               entitled   under  any  statute,   by-law,   agreement,   vote  of
               stockholders or disinterested Directors or otherwise,  both as to
               action in his  official  capacity  and as to  action  in  another
               capacity while holding such office.

            7. The  Corporation  shall  have  power  to  purchase  and  maintain
               insurance  on  behalf  of any  person  who is or was a  director,
               officer,  employee  or  agent  of the  Corporation,  or is or was
               serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer,
               employee  or agent of  another  corporation,  partnership,  joint
               venture,  trust  or  other  enterprise,   against  any  liability
               asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or
               arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation
               would have the power to  indemnify  him  against  such  liability
               under the provisions of this Article Thirteenth.

            8. The  indemnification  and advancement of expenses provided by, or
               granted  pursuant  to,  this  Article  Thirteenth  shall,  unless
               otherwise provided when authorized or ratified,  continue as to a
               person  who has ceased to be a  director,  officer,  employee  or
               agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs,  executors and
               administrators  of such a person.  Any repeal or  modification of
               this Article  Thirteenth  shall not adversely affect any right to
               indemnification  or  advancement  of  expenses  of any present or
               former  director,  officer,  employee or agent of the Corporation
               existing at the time of such repeal or modification.

            9. For  purposes  of  this  Article  Thirteenth,  references  to the
               "Corporation"   shall  include,  in  addition  to  the  resulting
               corporation,   any   constituent   corporation   (including   any
               constituent  of a  constituent)  absorbed in a  consolidation  or
               merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have
               had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and
               employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director,
               officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is
               or was serving at the request of such constituent  corporation as
               a director,  officer,  employee or agent of another  corporation,
               partnership,  joint  venture,  trust or other  enterprise,  shall
               stand in the same position  under the  provisions of this Article
               Thirteenth,   with   respect  to  the   resulting   or  surviving
               corporation  as he would have with  respect  to such  constituent
               corporation if its separate existence had continued.

           10. For purposes of this  Article  Thirteenth,  references  to "other
               enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans;  references to
               "fines" shall include any excise taxes  assessed on a person with
               respect to any employee  benefit plan; and references to "serving
               at the request of the Corporation" shall include any service as a
               director,  officer,  employee or agent of the  Corporation  which
               imposes  duties  on, or  involves  services  by,  such  director,
               officer, employee or agent with respect

                                     - 24 -




               to an employee benefit plan, its  participants or  beneficiaries;
               and a  person  who  acted  in  good  faith  and  in a  manner  he
               reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and
               beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have
               acted in a manner  "not  opposed  to the  best  interests  of the
               Corporation" as referred to in this Article Thirteenth.

           11. If this Article  Thirteenth or any portion  hereof is invalidated
               by any  court of  competent  jurisdiction,  then the  corporation
               shall nevertheless  provide such  indemnification and advancement
               of expenses as would  otherwise be permitted under any portion of
               this Article Thirteenth that shall not have been invalidated.

FOURTEENTH: A. Except as set forth in paragraph  B. of this Article  Fourteenth,
               the  affirmative  vote or  consent  of the  holders of 80% of the
               outstanding  shares of all  classes  of stock of the  Corporation
               entitled to vote in elections of  directors,  considered  for the
               purposes  of this  Article  Fourteenth  as one  class,  shall  be
               required:

                (i)  for  the  adoption  of any  agreement  for  the  merger  or
                     consolidation  of the  Corporation  with or into any  Other
                     Corporation (as hereinafter defined), or

                (ii) to authorize any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge or
                     other  disposition  of all,  or  substantially  all, or any
                     Substantial Part (as hereinafter  defined) of the assets of
                     the Corporation or any Subsidiary (as hereinafter  defined)
                     to any Other Corporation, or

               (iii) to authorize the issuance or transfer by the Corporation of
                     any Substantial Amount(as hereinafter defined)of securities
                     of the Corporation in exchange for the securities or assets
                     of any Other Corporation

               if, in any such case, as of the record date for the determination
               of stockholders entitled to notice thereof and to vote thereon or
               consent  thereto such Other  Corporation is the Beneficial  Owner
               (as  hereinafter  defined)  of more  than 10% of the  outstanding
               shares of stock of the Corporation  entitled to vote in elections
               of  directors   considered  for  the  purposes  of  this  Article
               Fourteenth as one class.  Such  affirmative vote or consent shall
               be in addition to the vote or consent of the holders of the stock
               of the Corporation otherwise required by law, this Certificate of
               Incorporation   or  any   agreement  or  contract  to  which  the
               Corporation is a party.

            B. The provisions of paragraph A. of this Article  Fourteenth  shall
               not be applicable to any  transaction  described  therein if such
               transaction  is approved by  resolution of the Board of Directors
               of the  Corporation,  provided that (a) a majority of the members
               of the  Board  of  Directors  voting  for  the  approval  of such
               transaction  were duly elected and acting members of the Board of
               Directors prior to the time


                                     - 25 -




               such Other  Corporation  shall have become a Beneficial  Owner of
               more than 10% of the shares of stock of the Corporation  entitled
               to vote in elections of  directors;  or (b) such  transaction  is
               approved by resolution  unanimously adopted by the whole Board of
               Directors   of  the   Corporation   at  any  time  prior  to  the
               consummation thereof.

            C. The Board of Directors shall have the power and duty to determine
               for the  purposes  of this  Article  Fourteenth,  on the basis of
               information   known  to  such  Board,   if  and  when  any  Other
               Corporation  is the  Beneficial  Owner  of more  than  10% of the
               outstanding  shares of stock of the Corporation  entitled to vote
               in elections of directors,  and any such  determination  shall be
               conclusive   and  binding  for  all   purposes  of  this  Article
               Fourteenth.

            D. As used in  Article  Fourteenth,  the  following  terms  have the
               meanings as set forth below:

               "Other Corporation" means any person, firm,  corporation or other
               entity, other than a subsidiary of the Corporation.

               "Substantial  Part"  means any assets  having a then fair  market
               value, in the aggregate, of more than $5,000,000.

               "Subsidiary" means any corporation in which the Corporation owns,
               directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting securities.

               "Substantial  Amount"  means any  securities  of the  Corporation
               having a then fair market value of more than $5,000,000.

               "Beneficial  Owner" of stock means a person,  or an  affiliate or
               "associate"  of such  person (as such  terms are  defined in Rule
               12b-2 of the General Rules and  Regulations  under the Securities
               Exchange  Act of 1934 as in  effect on  February  1,  1978),  who
               directly or indirectly  controls the voting of such stock, or who
               has any option,  warrants,  conversion or other rights to acquire
               such stock.

FIFTEENTH:     In addition to any  separate  class  vote,  if any,  which may be
               required by law,  the  affirmative  vote of the holders of 80% of
               the outstanding shares of all classes of stock of the Corporation
               entitled to vote in the election of directors,  such  outstanding
               shares of stock to be considered as one class,  shall be required
               in order to amend or  repeal  any of the  provisions  of  Article
               Fourteenth or subsection 5 of Article  Eighth of the  Certificate
               of Incorporation.  The affirmative vote of the holders of 66-2/3%
               of  the  outstanding  shares  of  all  classes  of  stock  of the
               Corporation  entitled to vote in the election of directors,  such
               outstanding  shares of stock to be considered as one class, shall
               be required in order to amend or repeal any of the  provisions of
               Article Fifth of the Certificate of Incorporation.


                                     - 26 -




               The same respective  stockholder vote requirements  prescribed by
               the foregoing  provisions of this Article Fifteenth shall also be
               required,   respectively,   in  order  to  amend  or  repeal  the
               respective   foregoing   provisions  of  this  Article  Fifteenth
               prescribing such stockholder vote requirement.


SIXTEENTH:     (a)  The  provisions  of  this  Article   Sixteenth  shall  apply
               independently  of any  other  provision  of this  Certificate  of
               Incorporation if any Other  Corporation (as hereinafter  defined)
               seeks  to  accomplish  a  Business  Combination  (as  hereinafter
               defined) within the ten year period  following the date the Other
               Corporation became an Acquiring Entity (as hereinafter defined).

               (b)       (1) As used in Article  Sixteenth,the  following  terms
                         shall have the meanings as set forth below:

                         "Acquiring  Entity" means any Other  Corporation  which
                         is,  and  for  fewer  than  ten  years  has  been,  the
                         Beneficial  Owner of more  than 10% of the  outstanding
                         shares of stock of the Corporation  entitled to vote in
                         elections of directors,  considered for the purposes of
                         this paragraph as one class.

                         "Affiliate"  or  "Associate"  of a person have the same
                         meaning as is  assigned  to such terms under Rule 12b-2
                         of   the   General   Rules   and    Regulations    (the
                         "Regulations")  under the  Securities  Exchange  Act of
                         1934 as in effect on March 1, 1983.

                         "Beneficial  Owner"  of  stock  means a  person,  or an
                         Affiliate  or  Associate  of  such  person,  who  is  a
                         "beneficial  owner" of stock,  as such term is  defined
                         under  Rule  13d-3 of the  Regulations  as in effect on
                         March 1, 1983,  except that,  without  limitation,  any
                         shares  of  voting  stock of the  Corporation  that any
                         Acquiring Entity, or any Affiliate or Associate of such
                         Acquiring Entity,  has the right to acquire pursuant to
                         any agreement,  or upon exercise of conversion  rights,
                         warrants  or  options,  or  otherwise,  shall be deemed
                         beneficially owned by the Acquiring Entity.

                         "Business  Combination" means any transaction described
                         in part A. of Article Fourteenth.

                         "Continuing  Director" means a director duly elected to
                         the  Board of  Directors  prior  to the time the  Other
                         Corporation  became an Acquiring  Entity,  and the term
                         "Outside Director" shall mean a director who is not (a)
                         an  officer  or  employee  of  the  Corporation  or any
                         relative of an officer or employer or (b) an  Acquiring
                         Entity, or an officer, director, employee, Affiliate or
                         Associate of an Acquiring  Entity, or a relative of any
                         of the foregoing.


                                     - 27 -



                         "Other  Corporation" shall have the same meaning as set
                         forth in part D. of Article Fourteenth.

                    (2)  For the purposes of this Article  Sixteenth,  the Board
                         of   Directors   shall  have  the  power  and  duty  to
                         determine,  on the basis of  information  known to such
                         Board,  if and when  any  Other  Corporation  is or has
                         become  an  Acquiring  Entity.  Any such  determination
                         shall be  conclusive  and binding  for all  purposes of
                         this Article Sixteenth.

               (c)       Except  as  set  forth  in  part  (d) of  this  Article
                         Sixteenth,  the  affirmative  vote  of the  holders  of
                         66-2/3%  of all  classes  of stock  of the  Corporation
                         entitled to vote in elections of directors,  considered
                         for this purpose as one class, excluding stock of which
                         the Acquiring Entity is the Beneficial Owner,  shall be
                         required for approval of any Business  Combination with
                         an  Other  Corporation  unless  all  of  the  following
                         conditions are fulfilled.

                    (1)  The cash or fair market value or other consideration to
                         be  received  per share by common  stockholders  of the
                         Corporation in such Business  Combination  will not, at
                         the time the Business Combination is effected,  be less
                         than the greater of:

                         (A)  the highest per share price  (including  brokerage
                              commissions and/or soliciting  dealers' fees) paid
                              by the  Acquiring  Entity in  acquiring  any of it
                              holdings of the Corporation's Common Stock; or

                         (B)  an amount bearing a percentage relationship to the
                              market  price of the  Corporation's  Common  Stock
                              immediately  prior to the public  announcement  of
                              such  Business  Combination  equal to the  highest
                              percentage  relationship  that any per share price
                              (including brokerage commissions and/or soliciting
                              dealers' fees)  theretofore  paid by the Acquiring
                              Entity   for   any   of   its   holdings   of  the
                              Corporation's  Common  Stock  bore  to the  market
                              price of such Common  Stock  immediately  prior to
                              the  transaction  resulting in the  acquisition of
                              such Common Stock; or

                         (C)  the book value of the  Corporation's  Common Stock
                              as of the end of the most recent calendar  quarter
                              determined in accordance  with generally  accepted
                              accounting principles; or

                         (D)  an amount  calculated by multiplying  the earnings
                              per share of the  Corporation's  Common  Stock for
                              the four fiscal quarters immediately preceding the
                              record  date  for  determination  of  stockholders
                              entitled to vote on such Business  Combination  by
                              the then price earnings  multiple of the Acquiring
                              Entity as customarily computed and reported in the
                              financial press.



c
                                     - 28 -





                              Appropriate adjustments shall be made with respect
                              to   (A),    (B),    (C)   and   (D)   above   for
                              recapitalization   and  for  stock  splits,  stock
                              dividends, and like distributions. For purposes of
                              subparagraph (c)(1) of this Article Sixteenth, the
                              term "other  consideration  to be received"  shall
                              include, without limitation, capital stock of this
                              Corporation   retained  by  its  existing   public
                              stockholders   in   the   event   of  a   Business
                              Combination  in  which  this  Corporation  is  the
                              surviving corporation.

                    (2)  After the Other  Corporation  has  become an  Acquiring
                         Entity:

                         (A)  the  Corporation's  Board of Directors  shall have
                              included  at all  times  representation  by one or
                              more Continuing  Directors unless the lack of such
                              representation  results entirely from either death
                              or normal retirement under retirement  policies in
                              effect  prior to the time  the  Other  Corporation
                              became an Acquiring Entity; and

                         (B)  there shall have been no  reduction in the rate of
                              dividends  payable  on  the  Corporation's  Common
                              Stock  except  as  required  by  law  or as may be
                              necessary to insure that the Corporation is not in
                              breach of any  covenant  in any of its  agreements
                              for  borrowed  money,  or  except as may have been
                              approved  by a  majority  vote  of the  Continuing
                              Directors; and

                         (C)  such Acquiring  Entity shall not have acquired any
                              newly   issued   shares  of  stock,   directly  or
                              indirectly,  from  the  Corporation  (except  upon
                              conversion of convertible  securities  acquired by
                              it prior to becoming an  Acquiring  Entity or as a
                              result  of a pro  rate  stock  dividend  or  stock
                              split,  or except with the  approval of a majority
                              vote of the Continuing Directors).

                    (3)  Without  the  approval  of  a  majority   vote  of  the
                         Continuing  Directors,  such Acquiring Entity shall not
                         have (i)  received the benefit  directly or  indirectly
                         (except proportionately as a stockholder) of any loans,
                         advances,   guarantees,   pledges  or  other  financial
                         assistance  provided by the  Corporation,  or (ii) made
                         any  major  change  in the  Corporation's  business  or
                         equity capital structure.

                    (4)  A  timely   mailing   shall   have  been  made  to  the
                         stockholders  of  this  Corporation   containing  in  a
                         prominent  place  (i)  any  recommendations  as to  the
                         advisability  (or   inadvisability)   of  the  Business
                         Combination  that the  Continuing  Directors or Outside
                         Directors may choose to state, if there are at the time
                         any such directors, and (ii) the opinion of a reputable
                         nationally  recognized  investment banking or financial
                         services  firm as to the fairness (or not) of the terms
                         of the Business Combination,  from the point of view of
                         the  stockholders  of this  Corporation  other than the
                         Acquiring  Entity  (such firm to be  engaged  solely on
                         behalf  of  such  other  stockholders,  to  be  paid  a
                         reasonable  fee for its  services  by this  Corporation
                         upon receipt of such opinion, to be a firm that has not
                         previously been significantly

                                     - 29 -




                         associated with the Acquiring  Entity and, if there are
                         at the time any such  directors,  to be  selected  by a
                         majority  of  the  Continuing   Directors  and  Outside
                         Directors).

               (d)       The  provisions  of part (c) of this Article  Sixteenth
                         shall not be applicable to any Business Combination if:
                         (i)  such   transaction   is  approved  by   resolution
                         unanimously  adopted by the whole Board of Directors of
                         the  Corporation at any time prior to the  consummation
                         thereof;  or (ii) the  Business  Combination  is solely
                         between this Corporation and another  corporation,  50%
                         or more of the  voting  stock of which is owned by this
                         Corporation and none of which is owned by the Acquiring
                         Entity;  provided that if this  Corporation  is not the
                         surviving entity,  each stockholder of this Corporation
                         receives  the  same  type  of   consideration  in  such
                         transaction in proportion to his stock holdings and the
                         provisions   of   this   Article   Sixteenth   of   the
                         Corporation's    Certificate   of   Incorporation   are
                         continued  in  effect  or  adopted  by  such  surviving
                         corporation as part of its articles of incorporation or
                         certificate  of  incorporation,  as the  case  may  be,
                         without any charge.

               (e)       In connection with a proposed Business Combination, the
                         Continuing  Directors may retain special  outside legal
                         counsel,  an  investment  banking  firm,  an accounting
                         firm,  and  such  other  experts  that  they,  in their
                         discretion, may deem necessary or appropriate to assist
                         them in their evaluation of the transaction, all at the
                         expense of the Corporation.

               (f)       In addition to any other provision of this  Certificate
                         of  Incorporation,  there  shall be  required to amend,
                         alter,  change or repeal any of the  provisions of this
                         Article  Sixteenth the affirmative  vote of the holders
                         of 66-2/3% of all  classes of stock of the  Corporation
                         entitled to vote in elections of directors,  considered
                         for this purpose as one class, excluding stock of which
                         an Acquiring entity, if any, is the Beneficial Owner.

               (g)       Nothing  contained in this Article  Sixteenth  shall be
                         construed  to  relieve  an  Acquiring  Entity  from any
                         fiduciary obligation imposed by law. The conditions and
                         voting  requirements of this Article Sixteenth shall be
                         in addition to the conditions  and voting  requirements
                         imposed by law or other  provisions of this Certificate
                         of  Incorporation,   including,   without   limitation,
                         Article Fourteenth.

SEVENTEENTH:   No director of the Corporation  shall be personally liable to the
               Corporation  or its  shareholders  for  monetary  damages for any
               breach of fiduciary duty as a director;  provided,  however, that
               this  Article  Seventeenth  shall  not  eliminate  or  limit  the
               liability of a director (1) for any breach of the director's duty
               of loyalty to the Corporation or its  shareholders,  (2) for acts
               or  omissions  not in good  faith  or which  involve  intentional
               misconduct  or a knowing  violation of law, (3) under Section 174
               of the General

                                     - 30 -



               Corporation  Law  of the  State  of  Delaware,  or  (4)  for  any
               transaction from which the director derived an improper  personal
               benefit.  If the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
               is amended after approval by the  shareholders of the Corporation
               of  this   provision  to  authorize   corporate   action  further
               eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then
               the  liability  of  a  director  of  the  Corporation   shall  be
               eliminated  or limited to the  fullest  extent  permitted  by the
               General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as so amended.

               Any repeal or  modification  of the  foregoing  paragraph  by the
               shareholders  of the Corporation  shall not adversely  affect any
               right or protection of a director of the Corporation  existing at
               the time of such repeal or modification.

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF,  said Old Republic  International  Corporation has
caused this Restated  Certificate of  Incorporation to be signed and executed by
its President and attested by its Secretary.



                                    OLD REPUBLIC INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION

                                    By:   /s/ A. C. Zucaro
                                        ----------------------------------  
                                              A. C. Zucaro, President


ATTEST:

   /s/ Spencer LeRoy, III
- ----------------------------
Spencer LeRoy III, Secretary


[Corporate Seal]




                                     - 31 -