Exhibit 3.1
BY-LAWS OF VSE CORPORATION
(as amended by the Board of Directors
of VSE Corporation on October 4, 2007)
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. The registered office of the corporation shall be in the
City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware.
Section 2. The corporation may also have offices at such other places
both within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors may
from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. All meetings of the stockholders for the election of direc-
tors shall be held in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area, at such place
as may be fixed from time to time by the board of directors, or at such other
place as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors and
stated in the notice of the meeting. Meetings of stockholders for any other
purpose may be held at such time and place, within or without the State of
Delaware, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly exe-
cuted waiver of notice thereof.
Section 2. Annual meetings of stockholders, commencing with the year
1986, shall be held in the month of May each year at a date and at a time to
be fixed by the board of directors and stated in the notice of meeting, at
which time they shall elect by a plurality vote a board of directors, and
transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.
Section 3. Written notice of the annual meeting stating the place, date
and hour of the meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote
thereat at least ten days before the date of the meeting.
Section 4. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corpo-
ration shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of
stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said
meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of and the number
of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open
to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting,
during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the
meeting, either at a place within the city, town or village where the meeting
is to be held and which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting,
or, if not specified, at the place where said meeting is to be held. The list
shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during
the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is pre-
sent.
Section 5. Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or
purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the certificate of in-
corporation, may be called by the chairman and chief executive officer and
shall be called by the chairman and chief executive officer or secretary at
the request in writing of a majority of the board of directors, or at the re-
quest in writing of stockholders owning twenty-five percent (25%) in amount of
the entire capital stock of the corporation issued and outstanding and enti-
tled to vote. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the pro-
posed meeting.
Section 6. Written notice of a special meeting of stockholders, stating
the place, date and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which
the meeting is called, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote
thereat, at least five days before the date fixed for the meeting.
Section 7. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders
shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.
Section 8. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstand-
ing and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy,
shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transac-
tion of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the certificate
of incorporation. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or repre-
sented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote
thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to ad-
journ the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at
the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such ad-
journed meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented any business
may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as origi-
nally notified. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after
the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice
of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled
to vote at the meeting.
Section 9. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of the
holders of a majority of the stock having voting power present in person or
represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting,
unless the question is one upon which by express provision of the statutes or
of the certificate of incorporation, a different vote is required in which
case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such
question.
Section 10. Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorpora-
tion, each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled
to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the capital stock having
voting power held by such stockholder, but no proxy shall be voted on after
three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.
Section 11. Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorpora-
tion, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of
stockholders of the corporation, or any action which may be taken at any an-
nual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting,
without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting
forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock
having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to
authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to
vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of the cor-
porate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall
be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 1. The number of directors which shall constitute the whole
board shall be a minimum of six directors and a maximum of ten directors.
Within the limits above specified, the number of directors shall be determined
by resolution of the board of directors or by the stockholders at the annual
meeting. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the
stockholders, except as provided in Section 2 of this Article, and each
director elected shall hold office until his successor is elected and
qualified. Directors need not be stockholders.
Section 2. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any
increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of
the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remain-
ing director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next an-
nual election and until their successors are duly elected and shall qualify,
unless sooner displaced. If there are no directors in office, then an elec-
tion of directors may be held in the manner provided by statute. If, at the
time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors
then in office shall constitute less than a majority of the whole board (as
constituted immediately prior to such increase), the Court of Chancery may,
upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten per-
cent of the total number of the shares at the time outstanding having a right
to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any
such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the directors
chosen by the directors then in office.
Section 3. The business of the corporation shall be managed by or shall
be under the direction of its board of directors which may exercise all such
powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by
statute or by the certificate of incorporation or by these by-laws directed or
required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.
Section 4. Stockholders of the corporation may recommend persons to be
nominated for election as directors of the corporation at the annual meeting
of stockholders. To be considered for nomination, such recommendation must be
received in writing by the secretary of the corporation no later than ninety
(90) days before the date which corresponds to the date on which the annual
meeting of stockholders was held during the immediate prior year. Such recom-
mendation shall be accompanied by the name of the stockholder proposing the
candidate, evidence that stockholder is a beneficial owner of the outstanding
stock of the corporation as of the record date established for the determina-
tion of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the annual meeting
of stockholders, the name of candidate being proposed for nomination, and the
candidate's biographical data and qualifications.
MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 4. The board of directors of the corporation may hold meetings,
both regular and special, either within or without the State of
Delaware.
Section 5. The first meeting of each newly elected board of directors
shall be held at such time and place as shall be fixed by the vote of the
stockholders at the annual meeting and no notice of such meeting shall be nec-
essary to the newly elected directors in order legally to constitute the meet-
ing, provided a quorum shall be present. In the event of the failure of the
stockholders to fix the time or place of such first meeting of the newly
elected board of directors, or in the event such meeting is not held at the
time and place so fixed by the stockholders, the meeting may be held at such
time and place as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided
for special meetings of the board of directors, or as shall be specified in a
written waiver signed by all of the directors.
Section 6. Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held on
two days' written notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to
time be determined by the board.
Section 7. Special meetings of the board may be called by the chairman
and chief executive officer on two days' notice to each director; special
meetings shall be called by the chairman and chief executive officer or secre-
tary in like manner and on like notice on the written request of two directors
unless the board consists of only one director; in which case special meetings
shall be called by the chairman or secretary in like manner and on like notice
on the written request of the sole director.
Section 8. At all meetings of the board a majority of the directors
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a ma-
jority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum
shall be the act of the board of directors, except as may be otherwise specif-
ically provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation. If a quo-
rum shall not be present at any meeting of the board of directors the direc-
tors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice
other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
Section 9. Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorpora-
tion or these by-laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any
meeting of the board of directors or of any committee thereof may be taken
without a meeting, if a written consent thereto is signed by all members of
the board or of such committee as the case may be, and such written consent is
filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee.
Section 10. Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorpo-
ration or these by-laws, members of the board of directors, or any committee
designated by the board of directors, may participate in a meeting of the
board of directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or sim-
ilar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in
the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall
constitute presence in person at the meeting.
COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS
Section 11. (a) The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a
majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, each committee
to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation; however, except
as required by applicable law or regulation, or as provided by the committee
charter or a resolution of the board approved by a majority of the independent
directors, no committee shall be empowered by the board to initiate or take
any action without prior ratification of such proposed action by the majority
of the board of directors then in office.
(b) No such committee or committees of the board of directors shall have
the power or authority:
(i) to amend the certificate of incorporation (except that a
committee may, to the extent authorized in the resolution or resolutions
providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the board of
directors as provided in Section 151(a), fix any of the preferences or
rights of such shares relating to dividends, redemption, distribution of
assets of the corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of
such shares for, shares of any other class or classes or any other
series of the same or any other class or classes of stock of the
corporation),
(ii) to adopt an agreement of merger or consolidation,
(iii) to recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or
exchange of all or substantially all of the corporation's property and
assets,
(iv) to recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the
corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or
(v) to amend the by-laws of the corporation;
and, unless the resolution or certificate of incorporation expressly so
provide, no such committee shall have the power or authority
(vi) to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock
or to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger.
(c) Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be
determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the board of directors.
Section 12. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings
and report the same to the board of directors when required.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
Section 13. Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of
incorporation or these by-laws, the board of directors shall have the
authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid
their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the board of
directors and shall receive such compensation for their services as directors
as shall be determined by the board of directors. No such payment shall
preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and
receiving compensation therefore. Members of special or standing committees
may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
Section 14. Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorpo-
ration or by law, any director or the entire board of directors may be re-
moved, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of shares entitled
to vote at an election of directors.
DIRECTORS EMERITUS
Section 15. Unless otherwise restricted by the corporation's certifi-
cate of incorporation or by law, the corporation may have and appoint such di-
rectors emeritus as shall seem advisable to the board of directors. To qual-
ify for appointment as a director emeritus, the nominee shall be a retired di-
rector of the corporation. The term "director emeritus" is an honorary title
entitling the holder thereof to all of the rights and privileges thereunto
pertaining. No compensation shall be paid by the corporation to a director
emeritus for service as such; however, the board of directors shall have the
authority to award honoraria or to reimburse expenses, if any, under specified
conditions set forth in a resolution of the board. The holder of the title
"director emeritus" shall not act as and shall not be considered a director,
officer or otherwise as an employee or agent of the corporation.
ARTICLE IV
NOTICES
Section 1. Whenever, under the provisions of the statutes or of the
certificate of incorporation or of these by-laws, notice is required to be
given to any director or stockholder, it shall given in writing, by mail, ad-
dressed to such director or stockholder, at his address as it appears on the
records of the corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice
shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in
the United States mail. Notice to directors may also be given by telegram or
telecopy.
Section 2. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provi-
sions of the statutes or of the certificate of incorporation or of these by-
laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to
said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent thereto.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
Section 1. The offices of the corporation shall be a chairman and chief
executive officer, a president and chief operating officer, one or more vice-
presidents, a chief financial officer, a secretary, a treasurer, and a
comptroller, and such other offices as shall seem advisable to the board. Two
or more offices may be held by the same person, unless the certificate of in-
corporation or these by-laws otherwise provide.
Section 2. The board of directors at its first meeting after each an-
nual meeting of stockholders shall choose a chairman and chief executive offi-
cer from among the directors, and shall choose a president and chief operating
officer, one or more vice-presidents, a chief financial officer, a secretary,
a treasurer, and a comptroller, none of whom need be a member of the board.
The board may also choose such additional vice-presidents and assistant secre-
taries, treasurers, and comptrollers as shall seem advisable to the board.
Section 3. The board of directors may appoint such other officers and
agents as it shall deem necessary who shall hold their offices for such terms
and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined
from time to time by the board.
Section 4. The salary of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer shall
be reviewed annually, with changes recommended by the Compensation Committee.
The salaries of all officers of the corporation (other than the Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer) shall be reviewed by the Compensation Committee, with
changes recommended by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The Chairman
of the Compensation Committee will present the recommendations of the
Compensation Committee on the salary of the Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer and all other officers of the corporation to the board of directors
for ratification and approval.
Section 5. The officers of the corporation shall hold office until
their successors are chosen and qualify. Any officer elected or appointed by
the board of directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a
majority of the board of directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of
the corporation shall be filled by the board of directors.
THE CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Section 6. The chairman and chief executive officer of the corporation
shall have general and active management of the business of the corporation,
shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board of directors are
carried into effect, and, unless otherwise provided by the board of directors,
shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the board of directors.
Section 7. He shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts re-
quiring a seal, under the seal of the corporation, except where required or
permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the
signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of di-
rectors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.
Section 8. He shall, as chairman and chief executive officer, be vested
with authority to perform, singly or together with other officers of the cor-
poration, all of the duties given or imposed by these by-laws or the board of
directors of the other officers or employees of the corporation.
THE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER
Section 9. The president shall be the chief operating and administra-
tive officer of the corporation and shall have such other powers as may be
prescribed by the board of directors or chairman and chief executive officer,
under whose supervision he shall be.
Section 10. In the absence or disability of the chairman and chief ex-
ecutive officer, or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, the pres-
ident and chief operating officer shall perform the duties of the chairman and
chief executive officer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and
be subject to all the restrictions upon the chairman and chief executive offi-
cer.
In the absence or disability of the president and chief operating offi-
cer, the chairman and chief executive officer shall select and recommend to
the board of directors for ratification a candidate to fill the office of
president and chief operating officer. Candidates may be selected from the
board of directors, officers or employees of the corporation or from sources
outside of the corporation. The chairman and chief executive officer will
perform the duties of the president and chief operating officer until a candi-
date is chosen and ratified by the board of directors and has qualified to
perform the duties of the office of president and chief operating officer.
THE VICE-PRESIDENTS
Section 11. The vice-president, or if there shall be more than one, the
vice presidents in the order determined by the board of directors (such as ex-
ecutive vice president, senior vice president, vice president, and assistant
vice president, or in the absence of any determination, then in the order of
their election), shall perform such duties and have such powers as prescribed
by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer under whose supervision they will
be.
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
Section 12. The chief financial officer of the corporation shall have
the financial management of the business and shall perform such other duties
as may be prescribed by the board of directors or chief executive officer, un-
der whose supervision he shall be.
THE SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES
Section 13. The secretary shall attend all meetings of the board of di-
rectors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of
the meetings of the corporation and of the board of directors in a book to be
kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing commit-
tees when required. He shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meet-
ings of the stockholders and special meetings of the board of directors, and
shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors
or chairman and chief executive officer, under whose supervision he shall be.
He shall keep in safe custody the seal of the corporation and he, or an assis-
tant secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument re-
quiring it and, when so affixed, it may be attested by his signature or by
the signature of such assistant secretary. The board of directors may give
general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation
and to attest the affixing by his signature.
Section 14. The assistant secretary, or if there be more than one, the
assistant secretaries in the order determined by the board of directors (or if
there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall,
in the absence of the secretary or in the event of his inability or refusal to
act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall
perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors
may from time to time prescribe.
THE TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS
Section 15. The treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds
and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and dis-
bursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys
and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation in
such depositories as may be designated by the board of directors.
Section 16. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be
ordered by the board of directors, taking proper vouchers for such disburse-
ments, and shall render to the chairman and chief executive officer and the
board of directors, at its regular meetings, or when the board of directors so
requires, an account of all his transactions as treasurer and of the financial
condition of the corporation.
Section 17. The assistant treasurer, or if there shall be more than
one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the board of direc-
tors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their elec-
tion) shall, in the absence of the treasurer or in the event of his inability
or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of
directors may from time to time prescribe.
THE COMPTROLLER AND ASSISTANT COMPTROLLERS
Section 18. The comptroller of the corporation shall be the chief ac-
counting officer of the corporation and shall perform such other duties as may
be prescribed by the board of directors or chief executive officer, under
whose supervision he shall be.
Section 19. The assistant comptroller, or if there be more than one,
the assistant comptrollers in the order determined by the board of directors
(or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election),
shall, in the absence of the comptroller or in the event of his inability or
refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the comptroller
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of
directors may from time to time prescribe.
ARTICLE VI
CERTIFICATES OF STOCK
Section 1. Every holder of stock in the corporation shall be entitled
to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the corporation by, the
chairman and chief executive officer, the president, or a vice-president, and
by the treasurer or an assistant treasurer or the secretary or an assistant
secretary of the corporation, bearing the corporate seal or a facsimile
thereof certifying the number of shares owned by him in the corporation.
Section 2. Where a certificate is signed (1) by a transfer agent or an
assistant transfer agent or (2) by a transfer clerk acting on behalf of the
corporation and a registrar, the signature of any such chairman and chief ex-
ecutive officer, president, vice-president, treasurer, assistant treasurer,
secretary, or assistant secretary may be facsimile. In case any officer or
officers who have signed, or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been
used on, any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be such officer
or officers of the corporation, whether because of death, resignation or oth-
erwise, before such certificate or certificates have been delivered by the
corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be adopted by
the corporation and be issued and delivered as though the person or persons
who signed such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile signature or
signatures have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer or offi-
cers of the corporation.
LOST CERTIFICATES
Section 3. The Secretary or Treasurer who has charge of the transfer
and issuance of stock of the corporation shall issue a new certificate or cer-
tificates in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by
the corporation allegedly lost, upon the submission by the owner of such lost
or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to the corporation of a
bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be
made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have
been lost or destroyed.
TRANSFERS OF STOCK
Section 4. Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of
the corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by
proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall
be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person enti-
tled thereto, cancel the old certificate, and record the transaction upon its
books.
FIXING RECORD DATE
Section 5. In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or and ad-
journment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing with-
out a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distri-
bution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in re-
spect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any
other lawful action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record
date, which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the
date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action; ex-
cept that the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to
notice of and to vote at the annual meeting of stockholders shall be forty-
five days prior to the date of said annual meeting of stockholders, or if the
forty-fifth day shall not be a business day, then on the first business day
next following the forty-fifth day prior to the date of said annual meeting of
stockholders. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of
or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the
meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record
date for the adjourned meeting.
REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS
Section 6. The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive
right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive
dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assess-
ments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not
be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such
share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have
express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of
Delaware.
UNCERTIFICATED SHARES
Section 7. The board of directors of the corporation may provide by
resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of
its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply
to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered
to the corporation.
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
DIVIDENDS
Section 1. Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject
to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, if any, may be declared
by the board of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law.
Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock,
subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation.
Section 2. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out
of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as
the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as
a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or
for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such
other purpose as the directors shall think conducive to the interest of the
corporation, and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the
manner in which it was created.
ANNUAL STATEMENT
Section 3. The board of directors shall present at each annual meeting,
and at any special meeting of the stockholders when called for by vote of the
stockholders, a full and clear statement of the business and condition of the
corporation.
Section 4. Deleted.
FISCAL YEAR
Section 5. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolu-
tion of the board of directors.
SEAL
Section 6. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of
the corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal,
Delaware". The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be
impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 7. The corporation shall indemnify its officers, directors, em-
ployees and agents to the extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of
Delaware.
ARTICLE VIII
AMENDMENTS
Section 1. These by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new by-
laws may be adopted by the stockholders or by the board of directors, when
such power is conferred upon the board of directors by the certificate of in-
corporation at any regular meeting of the stockholders or of the board of di-
rectors or at any special meeting of the stockholders or of the board of di-
rectors if notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption be con-
tained in the notice of such special meeting. If the power to adopt, amend or
repeal by-laws is conferred upon the board of directors by the certificate of
incorporation it shall not divest or limit the power of the stockholders to
adopt, amend or repeal by-laws.