MERGER AGREEMENT

         THIS IS A  MERGER  AGREEMENT  (this  "Merger  Agreement")  dated  as of
December 18, 1996 by and among NORTH AMERICAN TRUST COMPANY,  a California state
trust company  ("NATCO"),  with its principal place of business at 225 Broadway,
Suite 400, San Diego, California 92101, NORTH AMERICAN FIDUCIARY SERVICES, INC.,
a California  corporation ("NAFS"),  with its principal place of business at 650
California Street, San Francisco,  California 94108,  DANIELSON TRUST COMPANY, a
California state trust company ("DTC"),  with its principal place of business at
525 B Street,  16th Floor, San Diego,  California  92101, and DANIELSON  HOLDING
CORPORATION,  a  Delaware  corporation  ("DHC"),  with  its  principal  place of
business at 767 Third Avenue, Fifth Floor, New York, New York 10017.

                                    RECITALS

         WHEREAS,  NATCO  and  DHC  are  parties  to  that  certain  Stock  Sale
Agreement,  dated as of  October  10,  1996 (the "Sale  Agreement").  NATCO is a
wholly owned  subsidiary of NAFS.  DTC is a wholly owned  subsidiary of DHC. The
Sale  Agreement  provides  for the  acquisition  of DTC's  stock by  NATCO.  For
business and regulatory reasons, that acquisition of DTC will be accomplished by
the merger of DTC into  NATCO  (with  NATCO  surviving)  and the  payment of the
specified  consideration  to DHC by NAFS. That merger will be consummated on the
terms of this Merger Agreement and in accordance with Sections 4880 through 4891
of the California Financial Code (the "Merger");

         WHEREAS,  NATCO has  authorized  capital stock of 10,000,000  shares of
common  stock,  $1.00 par value per share,  of which at the date hereof  270,000
shares are outstanding.

         WHEREAS,  DTC has  authorized  capital stock of 10,000 shares of common
stock, $125.00 par value per share, of which at the date hereof 5,000 shares are
outstanding;

         WHEREAS,  the  directors,  or a majority of them,  of each  constituent
entity,  respectively,  deem  it  advisable  and in the  best  interests  of the
respective trust companies and their respective  shareholders that the Merger be
so consummated; and

         WHEREAS,  this Merger  Agreement is being  executed on behalf of DHC to
facilitate the timely consummation of the transactions  contemplated by the Sale
Agreement and the related Assignment and Assumption Agreement and Acknowledgment
among NATC, NAFS and DHC, and is not intended to modify those  agreements in any
substantive way.

         NOW,  THEREFORE,  NATCO,  NAFS,  DTC and DHC, in  consideration  of the
premises and of the mutual covenants and agreements  contained herein and in the
Sale  Agreement  and of the  benefits to accrue to them,  hereby  agree that the
constituent trust companies be merged into a single trust company which shall be
NATCO and hereby  agree,  prescribe and set forth (among other  provisions)  the
terms and  conditions  of the Merger,  the mode of carrying the same into effect
and the manner and basis of  converting  the  shares of each  constituent  trust
company on the terms and  subject  to the  conditions  set forth in this  Merger
Agreement.




                                    ARTICLE I

                                     MERGER

         1.1 DTC shall be merged into NATCO in  accordance  with the  applicable
provisions of Sections 4880 through 4891 of the  California  Financial Code upon
the filing of this Merger Agreement with the California State  Superintendent of
Banks (the "Superintendent"), following prior approval by the Superintendent and
certification  by the  California  Secretary  of  State.  The  Merger  shall  be
effective,  subject  to the  completion  of the  above  filings,  at 5:01  P.M.,
TUESDAY,  DECEMBER  31,1996 (the "Effective  Time").  At the Effective Time, the
separate  existence of DTC shall cease  except to the extent  provided by law in
the case of a corporation  after its merger into another  corporation  and NATCO
shall continue under the laws of California as the surviving  trust company (the
"surviving trust company").

         1.2 The name of the  surviving  trust  company shall be "North American
Trust Company."

         1.3 The  main  office  of the  surviving  trust  company  shall  be 225
Broadway, Suite 400, San Diego, California 92101.

                                   ARTICLE II

                          ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND
                        BYLAWS OF SURVIVING TRUST COMPANY

         2.1 The  Articles of  Incorporation  of NATCO as in effect  immediately
before  the  Effective  Time  shall  continue  in full  force and  effect as the
Articles of  Incorporation  of the surviving trust company until thereafter duly
amended.

         2.2 The Bylaws of NATCO as in effect  immediately  before the Effective
Time shall  continue  in full  force and  effect as the Bylaws of the  surviving
trust company until thereafter duly amended.





                                   ARTICLE III

                             BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND
                       OFFICERS OF SURVIVING TRUST COMPANY

         3.1 All  directors of NATCO  serving  immediately  before the Effective
Time shall continue to serve for the terms to which they were elected before the
Effective Time.

         3.2 All officers of NATCO serving immediately before the Effective Time
shall  continue  to serve for the terms to which  they were  elected  before the
Effective Time.


                                   ARTICLE IV

                           MANNER OF CONVERTING SHARES
                     OF STOCK OF CONSTITUENT TRUST COMPANIES

         4.1 As of the Effective Time, all  outstanding  shares of capital stock
of DTC that are  outstanding  immediately  before the Effective  Time shall,  by
virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the holder hereof, be
converted into the right to receive a total of $3,000,000,  representing $600.00
per share of common stock DTC.

                                    ARTICLE V

                  SUBMISSION TO SHAREHOLDERS AND EFFECTIVENESS

         5.1 This Merger Agreement shall be submitted for consideration and vote
by the shareholder of each  constituent  trust company as required by California
law. If adopted by the requisite  votes of the  shareholder of each  constituent
trust company,  this Merger  Agreement shall be delivered to the  Superintendent
and  the  California  Secretary  of  State  for  filing.  The  officers  of  the
constituent  trust companies shall execute all such other documents and take all
such other actions as may be necessary to effect the Merger in  accordance  with
this Merger Agreement.


 


                                 ARTICLE VI

                       TRANSFER OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

         6.1 Upon and after the  Effective  Time,  the  surviving  trust company
shall possess all the rights, privileges,  powers and franchises, of a public as
well  as  of  a  private  nature,  and  be  subject  to  all  the  restrictions,
disabilities and duties, of the constituent trust companies; and all the rights,
privileges,  powers and franchises of the constituent  trust companies,  and all
property,  real,  personal  and mixed,  and all debts due to either  constituent
trust company on whatever account,  as well for stock subscriptions as all other
things in action or belonging to each constituent  trust company shall be vested
in the surviving trust company; and all property, rights, privileges, powers and
franchises, and all and every other interest, shall be thereafter as effectively
the  property of the  surviving  trust  company as they were  constituent  trust
companies,  and the  title to any real  estate  vested by deed or  otherwise  in
either  constituent  trust company shall not revert or be in any way impaired by
reason of the  Merger;  but all  rights  of  creditors  and all  liens  upon any
property of either constituent trust company shall be preserved unimpaired,  and
all debts,  liabilities  and duties of the  constituent  trust  companies  shall
thenceforth  attach to the surviving trust company,  and may be enforced against
it to the same extent as if said debts, liabilities and duties had been incurred
or contracted by it.

         6.2 If at any time after the Effective Time the surviving trust company
shall consider or be advised that any further  deeds,  assignments or assurances
in law or any other things are necessary,  desirable or proper to vest,  perfect
or confirm, of record or otherwise, in the surviving trust company, the title to
any  property  or rights of the  constituent  trust  company  acquired  or to be
acquired  by reason of, or as a result of, the  Merger,  the  constituent  trust
companies  agree that the surviving  trust  company and its proper  officers and
directors  shall execute and deliver all such property,  deeds,  assignments and
assurances  in law and do all  things  necessary,  desirable  or proper to vest,
perfect or  confirm  title to such  property  or rights in the  surviving  trust
company and otherwise carry out the purposes of this Merger Agreement,  and that
the proper  officers and directors of the  constituent  trust  companies and the
proper  officers  and  directors  of  the  surviving  trust  company  are  fully
authorized in the name of the  constituent  trust companies or otherwise to take
any and all such action.





                                  ARTICLE VII

               TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT AND ABANDONMENT OF MERGER

         7.1 This Merger  Agreement  and the Merger  contemplated  hereby may be
terminated and abandoned,  as provided in the Sale Agreement, at any time before
this Merger Agreement has been filed as provided herein, whether before or after
approval of this Merger  Agreement by the shareholders of DTC and NATCO, or both
of them, and shall  automatically  terminate without further action by either of
the parties  hereto if the Sale  Agreement is terminated in accordance  with its
terms.

         7.2 At any time before the filing of this Merger  Agreement as provided
herein, the parties hereto may, by written agreement approved by their Boards of
Directors,  and with any required shareholder approval,  (i) extend the time for
the  performance of any of the  obligations or other acts of the parties hereto,
(ii)  waive  compliance  with any of the  conditions,  covenants  or  agreements
contained  in  this  Merger  Agreement  or  (iii)  amend  or  modify  any of the
provisions of this Merger Agreement.

         7.3 If for any reason this Merger  Agreement  ceases to be binding upon
the  constituent  trust  companies  because of termination as provided herein or
otherwise,   it  shall   thereafter  be  void  without  further  action  by  the
shareholders of either constituent trust company.


                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                  MISCELLANEOUS

         8.1 This Merger Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each
of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which counterparts collectively
shall constitute one instrument representing the Merger Agreement.

         8.2 Except as  otherwise  provided  in this Merger  Agreement,  nothing
herein expressed or implied is intended,  or shall be construed,  to confer upon
or give any person, firm or bank, other than the constituent trust companies and
their respective  security holders and their successors and assigns,  any rights
or remedies under or by reason of this Merger Agreement.

         8.3 This Merger  Agreement and the legal relations  between the parties
shall be governed by and construed in  accordance  with the internal laws of the
State of California without taking into account  provisions  regarding choice of
law,  except to the extent certain matters may be governed as a matter of law by
the law of the jurisdiction of organization o DHC.

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         IN WITNESS  WHEREOF,  NATCO,  NAFS,  Danielson and DHC have caused this
Merger Agreement to be signed as of the date first above written.

NORTH AMERICAN TRUST COMPANY                 DANIELSON TRUST COMPANY

By:  /s/ Mark Fingerlin                      By:  /s/ A. Vincent Siciliano
     L. Mark Fingerlin                       A. Vincent Siciliano
     President and Chief                     President and Chief
     Executive Officer                       Executive Officer

By:  /s/ Julie Duncan                        By:  /s/ Carlee Harmonson
     Julie Duncan                            Carlee Harmonson
     Assistant Secretary                     Assistant Secretary


NORTH AMERICAN FIDUCIARY SERVICES, INC.      DANIELSON HOLDING CORPORATION

By:  /s/ Ian K. Whitehead                    By:  /s/ David M. Barse
     Ian K. Whitehead                             David M. Barse
     Vice President                               President and Chief 
                                                  Operating Officer

By:  /s/ Robert A. Cornman                   By:  /s/ Ian Kirschner
     Robert A. Cornman                            Ian Kirschner
     Assistant Secretary                          Secretary