RESTATED BYLAWS
                                       OF
                                      UICI
                 (Incorporated under the General Corporation Law
                            of the State of Delaware)







                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                            Page

PREAMBLE                                                                      1

ARTICLE I Offices

1.01  Registered Office and Agent                                             1
1.02  Other Offices                                                           1

ARTICLE II Stockholders

2.01  Annual Meetings                                                         1
2.02  Special Meetings                                                        1
2.03  Place of Meetings                                                       1
2.04  Notice                                                                  2
2.05  Voting List                                                             2
2.06  Voting of Shares                                                        2
2.07  Quorum                                                                  2
2.08  Majority Vote; Withdrawal of Quorum                                     3
2.09  Method of Voting; Proxies                                               3
2.10  Closing of Transfer Books; Record Date                                  3
2.11  Presiding Officials at Meetings                                         4

ARTICLE III Directors

3.01  Management                                                              4
3.02  Qualification; Election; Term                                           4
3.03  Number                                                                  4
3.04  Removal                                                                 4
3.05  Vacancies                                                               5
3.06  First Meeting                                                           5
3.07  Regular Meetings                                                        5
3.08  Special Meetings                                                        5
3.09  Quorum; Majority Vote                                                   5
3.10  Procedure; Minutes                                                      5
3.11  Presumption of Assent                                                   6
3.12  Compensation                                                            6
3.13  Interested Directors                                                    6

ARTICLE IV Committees

4.01  Designation                                                             6
4.02  Number; Qualification; Term                                             6
4.03  Authority                                                               6







                                                                            Page

4.04  Committee Changes                                                       7

ARTICLE IV Committees (Continued)

4.05  Regular Meetings                                                        7
4.06  Special Meetings                                                        7
4.07  Quorum; Majority Vote                                                   7
4.08  Minutes                                                                 8
4.09  Compensation                                                            8
4.10  Responsibility                                                          8

ARTICLE V General Provisions Relating to Meetings

5.01  Notice                                                                  8
5.02  Waiver of Notice                                                        8
5.03  Telephone and Similar Meetings                                          9
5.04  Action Without Meeting                                                  9

ARTICLE VI Offices and Other Agents

6.01  Number; Titles; Election; Term                                          9
6.02  Removal                                                                 9
6.03  Vacancies                                                              10
6.04  Authority                                                              10
6.05  Compensation                                                           10
6.06  Employment and Other Contracts                                         10
6.07  Chairman of the Board                                                  10
6.08  President                                                              10
6.09  Vice President                                                         11
6.10  Treasurer                                                              11
6.11  Assistant Treasurer                                                    11
6.12  Secretary                                                              11
6.13  Assistant Secretaries                                                  12

ARTICLE VII Certificates and Stockholders

7.01  Certificates for Shares                                                12
7.02  Lost, Stolen, or Destroyed Certificates                                12
7.03  Transfer of Shares                                                     13
7.04  Registered Stockholders                                                13








                                                                            Page

ARTICLE XIII Miscellaneous Provisions

8.01  Dividends and Reserves                                                 13
8.02  Fiscal Year                                                            13
8.03  Seal                                                                   14
8.04  Resignation                                                            14
8.05  Securities of Other Corporations                                       14

ARTICLE XIII Miscellaneous Provisions (Continued)

8.06  Amendment                                                              14
8.07  Invalid Provisions                                                     14
8.08  Indemnification                                                        14
8.09  Table of Contents; Headings                                            16







                                 RESTATED BYLAWS
                                       OF
                                      UICI

             (Incorporated Under the Laws of the State of Delaware)

                                    PREAMBLE

These  Bylaws are subject to, and governed  by, the General  Corporation  Law of
Delaware (the "Act") and the Certificate of Incorporation (the "Certificate") of
UICI (the  "Company").  In the event of a direct conflict between the provisions
of these Bylaws and the mandatory provisions of the Act or the provisions of the
Certificate,  such provisions of the Act or the Certificate, as the case may be,
will be controlling.

                                    ARTICLE I
                                     Offices

1.01 REGISTERED  OFFICE AND AGENT. The registered office and registered agent of
the  Company  shall be as from time to time set forth in the  Certificate  or as
authorized  from time to time by the Board of  Directors  of the Company and set
forth in a statement filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware.

1.02 OTHER OFFICES. The Company may also have offices at such other places, both
within and without the State of Delaware,  as the Board of Directors  may,  from
time to time, determine or as the business of the Company may require.

                                   ARTICLE II
                                  Stockholders

2.01 ANNUAL MEETINGS.  An annual meeting of stockholders of the Company shall be
held  during  each  calendar  year on such  date  and at such  time as  shall be
designated  from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice
of the meeting.  At such meeting,  the  stockholders  shall elect  directors and
transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.

2.02 SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the stockholders,  for any purpose or
purposes,  may be called by the Chairman of the Board, the President,  the Board
of Directors or the holders of not less than one-tenth  (1/10) of all the shares
entitled to vote at the meeting.  Only such  business  shall be  transacted at a
special meeting as may be stated or indicated in the notice of the meeting.

2.03 PLACE OF MEETINGS.  The annual meeting of  stockholders  may be held at any
place within or without the State of Delaware as may be  designated by the Board
of Directors.  Special  meetings of stockholders may be held at any place within
or without the State of Delaware as may be  designated  by the person or persons
calling  such  special  meeting as provided in Section  2.02.  If no place for a
meeting is






designated, it shall be held at the principal place of business.

2.04 NOTICE.  Written or printed notice  stating the place,  day and hour of the
meeting and, in case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the
meeting is called, shall be delivered not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty
(60) days before the date of the meeting, either personally or by mail, by or at
the direction of the Chairman of the Board, the President,  the Secretary or the
person calling the meeting,  to each stockholder of recorded entitled to vote at
the meeting.

2.05 VOTING LIST. At least ten (10) days before each meeting of stockholders,  a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting,  arranged in
alphabetical  order,  with the residence of each and the number of voting shares
held by each, shall be prepared by the Secretary.  For a period of ten (10) days
prior to such meeting,  such list shall be kept on file at the registered office
of the Company and shall be subject to inspection by any stockholder at any time
during usual business hours. The list shall be produced and kept at the time and
place of the meeting during the whole time thereof,  and may be inspected by any
stockholder who is present.

2.06 VOTING OF SHARES.  Treasury shares, shares of the Company's own stock owned
by another  corporation  the  majority of the voting  stock of which is owned or
controlled by the Company, and shares of the Company's own stock held by another
corporation  in a  fiduciary  capacity  for the  benefit of the  Company or such
majority-owned  corporation,  shall  not be shares  entitled  to be voted at any
meeting of  stockholders  or to be counted in  determining  the total  number of
outstanding  shares.  Shares  held by an  administrator,  executor,  guardian or
conservator may be voted by him, either in person or by proxy,  without transfer
of such  shares  into his name so long as such  shares form a part of the estate
and are in the possession of the estate being served by him.  Shares standing in
the name of a trustee  may be voted by him,  either in person or by proxy,  only
after the shares have been transferred into his name as trustee. Shares standing
in the name of a receiver may be voted by such  receiver,  and shares held by or
under the control of a receiver may be voted by such receiver  without  transfer
of such shares into his name if  authority  to do so is  contained  in the court
order by which such  receiver  was  appointed.  Shares  standing  in the name of
another  domestic  or  foreign  corporation  of any  kind  may be  voted by such
officer, agent or proxy as the bylaws of such corporation may provide or, in the
absence of such  provision,  as the board of directors of such  corporation  may
determine. A stockholder whose shares are pledged shall be entitled to vote such
shares  until  they  have been  transferred  into the name of the  pledgee,  and
thereafter, the pledgee shall be entitled to vote such shares.

2.07 QUORUM.  The holders of a majority of the shares of the  Company's  capital
stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat,  present in person or
represented  by proxy,  shall be requisite  and shall  constitute  quorum at all
meetings of the Company's  stockholders for the transaction of business,  except
as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate or these Bylaws. If, however, such
quorum  shall not be  present or  represented  at any  meeting of the  Company's
stockholders, a majority






of the stockholders  entitled to vote thereat,  present in person or represented
by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without
notice other than  announcement at the meeting,  until a quorum shall be present
or  represented.  If the  adjournment  is for more than thirty (30) days,  or if
after the  adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned  meeting,  a
notice of the  adjourned  meeting shall be given to each  stockholder  of record
entitled to vote at the meeting.  At any reconvening of an adjourned  meeting at
which a quorum shall be present or  represented,  any business may be transacted
which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.

2.08 MAJORITY  VOTE;  WITHDRAWAL OF QUORUM.  If a quorum is present in person or
represented by proxy at any meeting of the Company's  stockholders,  the vote of
the holders of a majority of the  Company's  outstanding  shares  entitled to be
voted thereat,  present in person or represented by proxy at such meeting, shall
decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon
which, by express  mandatory  provision shall govern and control the decision of
such question.  The stockholders present at a duly convened meeting may continue
to transact business until  adjournment,  notwithstanding  the withdrawal of the
holders of sufficient voting shares to leave less than a quorum.

2.09 METHOD OF VOTING;  PROXIES. On each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting
of stockholders,  every stockholder of record shall be entitled at every meeting
of  stockholders  to one (1) vote for every  outstanding  share of the Company's
capital stock  standing in his name on the original  stock transfer books of the
Company,  except to the extent that the voting rights of the shares of any class
or classes are limited or denied by the  Certificate.  Such transfer books shall
be prima facie evidence as to the identity of stockholders  entitled to vote. At
a meeting of the stockholders,  every  stockholder  having the right to vote may
vote  either  in  person  or by proxy  appointed  by an  instrument  in  writing
subscribed by such  stockholder or by his duly authorized  attorney-in-fact.  No
proxy  shall be valid  after  three  (3) years  from the date of its  execution,
unless  such  instrument  provides  for a longer  period.  Each  proxy  shall be
revocable  unless  expressly  provided  therein  to  be  irrevocable  or  unless
otherwise made  irrevocable by law. Each proxy shall be filed with the Secretary
before or at the time of the meeting to which it relates.

2.10  CLOSING OF TRANSFER  BOOKS;  RECORD DATE.  For the purpose of  determining
stockholders  entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or
any  reconvening  thereof or entitled to receive  payment of any  dividend or in
order to make a determination of stockholders for any other proper purpose,  the
Board of  Directors  may provide  that the stock  transfer  books of the Company
shall be closed for a stated  period  but not to exceed in any event  sixty (60)
days.  If the stock  transfer  books are closed for the  purpose of  determining
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders, such
books  shall be closed  for at least ten (10) days  immediately  preceding  such
meeting. In lieu of closing the stock transfer books, the Board of Directors may
fix in  advance  a date  as the  record  date  for  any  such  determination  of
stockholders,  such date in any case to be not more than sixty (60) days and, in
case of a meeting of stockholders, not less than ten (10)






days  prior  to  the  date  on  which  the  particular   action  requiring  such
determination  of  stockholders  is to be taken. If the stock transfer books are
not closed and if no record date is fixed for the  determination of stockholders
entitled  to notice of or to vote at a meeting of  stockholders  or  entitled to
receive  payment  of  dividends,  the day next  preceding  the date on which the
notice of the meeting is mailed or the date on which the resolution of the Board
of Directors  declaring  such dividend is adopted,  as the case may be, shall be
the record date for such determination of stockholders.

2.11  PRESIDING  OFFICIALS AT MEETINGS.  Unless some other person or persons are
elected by vote of a majority of the shares  then  entitled to vote at a meeting
of  stockholders,  the Chairman of the Board (or, in the absence of the Chairman
of the Board,  the President)  shall preside at and the Secretary  shall prepare
minutes of each meeting of stockholders.

                                   ARTICLE III
                                    Directors

3.01 MANAGEMENT. The business and affairs of the Company shall be managed by the
Board of  Directors  who may  exercise all such powers of the Company and do all
such lawful acts and things as are not by law, the  Certificate  or these Bylaws
directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

3.02  QUALIFICATION;  ELECTION;  TERM. At each annual  meeting of  stockholders,
directors  shall be  elected to hold  office  until the next  annual  meeting of
stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualified or until their
earlier  resignation,  death, or removal.  No director need be a stockholder,  a
resident of the State of Delaware, or a citizen of the United States.

3.03  NUMBER.  The  initial  Board of  Directors  shall  consist of the five (5)
directors  named in the  Certificate.  Thereafter,  a change  in the  number  of
directors  which shall  constitute  the entire Board of Directors may be made by
resolution  of the Board of  Directors  or in such  other  manner  permitted  or
required by law or the Certificate,  but such number of Directors shall never be
less  than one (1)  director.  Any  directorship  to be  filled by reason of any
increase  in the  number of  directors  serving  shall be  filled by either  the
affirmative vote of a majority of the directors of the Board of Directors, or by
election at an annual meeting of the stockholders or at a special meeting of the
stockholders  called for that  purpose as provided in these Bylaws and as may be
required by law or the  Certificate.  No decrease in the number of the directors
serving shall have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director.

3.04 REMOVAL.  At any meeting of stockholders  called expressly for the purpose,
any director or the entire Board of  Directors  may be removed,  with or without
cause,  by the  affirmative  vote of the  holders of a majority  of shares  then
entitled to vote for the  election  of such  director  or  directors;  provided,
however,  that notice of intention to act upon such matter shall have been given
in the notice calling such meeting.

3.05 VACANCIES. Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors (by death,






resignation,  removal or otherwise) may be filled by the  affirmative  vote of a
majority of the  remaining  directors  though less than a quorum of the Board of
Directors.  A  director  elected  to fill a  vacancy  shall be  elected  for the
unexpired term of his predecessor in office.

3.06  FIRST MEETING.  Each newly  elected  Board of Directors may hold its first
meeting for the purpose of organization  and the  transaction of business,  if a
quorum is present, immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting
of stockholders, and notice of such meeting shall not be necessary.

3.07 REGULAR  MEETINGS.  Regular  meetings of the Board of Directors may be held
without  notice at such times and places as may be designated  from time to time
by resolution of the Board of Directors and communicated to all directors.

3.08 SPECIAL MEETINGS. A special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held
whenever  called by any two (2) or more directors at such time and place as such
directors shall designate in the notice of such special  meeting.  The directors
calling any special  meeting  shall cause notice of such  special  meeting to be
given to each  director at least  twenty-four  (24) hours  before  such  special
meeting.  Neither  the  business  to be  transacted  at, nor the purpose of, any
special  meeting of the Board of  Directors  need be  specified in the notice or
waiver of notice of any special meeting.

3.09  QUORUM;  MAJORITY  VOTE.  At all  meetings  of the Board of  Directors,  a
majority of the directors,  fixed in the manner provided in these Bylaws,  shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.  If a quorum is not present
at a meeting,  a majority of the directors  present may adjourn the meeting from
time to time, without notice other than an announcement at the meeting,  until a
quorum is present.  The vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting
at which a quorum is in  attendance  shall be the act of the Board of Directors,
unless  the  vote of a  different  number  is  otherwise  required  by law,  the
Certificate or these Bylaws.  The directors  present at a duly convened  meeting
may  continue  to  transact  business  until  adjournment,  notwithstanding  the
withdrawal of a sufficient number of directors to leave less than a quorum.

3.10  PROCEDURE;  MINUTES.  At all meetings of the Board of Directors,  business
shall be transacted  in such order as the Board of Directors may determine  from
time to time.  The Board of Directors  shall appoint at each meeting a person to
preside at the  meeting and a person to act as  secretary  of the  meeting.  The
secretary of the meeting  shall  prepare  minutes of the meeting  which shall be
delivered to the  Secretary  of the Company for  placement in the minute book of
the Company.

3.11  PRESUMPTION  OF ASSENT.  A director  of the  Company who is present at any
meeting of the Board of  Directors  at which action on any matter is taken shall
be presumed to have  assented to the action  unless his dissent shall be entered
in the  minutes of the  meeting or unless he shall file his  written  dissent to
such  action  with the person  acting as  secretary  of the  meeting  before the
adjournment thereof or shall forward any dissent by certified or registered mail
to the Secretary of the Company






immediately  after the  adjournment of the meeting.  Such right to dissent shall
not apply to a director who voted in favor of such action.

3.12 COMPENSATION.  Directors,  in their capacity as directors,  may receive, by
resolution of the Board of Directors, a fixed sum and expenses of attendance, if
any, for  attending  meetings of the Board of Directors or a stated  salary.  No
director  shall be precluded  from serving the Company in any other  capacity or
receiving compensation therefor.

3.13 INTERESTED DIRECTORS. Any contract or other transaction between the Company
and any of its  directors  (or any  corporation  or  firm  in  which  any of its
directors is directly or indirectly  interested) shall be valid for all purposes
notwithstanding  the presence of such director at the meeting  authorizing  such
contract or transaction,  or his  participation  in such meeting.  The foregoing
shall,  however,  apply  only if the  interest  of such  director  is  known  or
disclosed  to the Board of  Directors  and it shall  nevertheless  authorize  or
ratify such  contract  or  transaction  by vote of a majority  of the  directors
present,  each such interested  director to be counted in determining  whether a
quorum is present but not in  calculating  the majority  necessary to carry such
vote.  This  section  shall not be  construed  to  invalidate  any  contract  or
transaction which would be valid in the absence of this Section 3.13.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                                   Committees

4.01  DESIGNATION.  The Board of  Directors  may,  by  resolution  adopted  by a
majority  of the  entire  Board  of  Directors  at any time  serving,  designate
executive and other committees.

4.02 NUMBER;  QUALIFICATION;  TERM.  Each committee shall consist of two or more
directors  appointed by resolution  adopted by a majority of the entire Board of
Directors at any time serving.  The number of committee members may be increased
or decreased from time to time by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire
Board of  Directors.  Each  committee  member  shall serve as such so long as he
remains  and  continues  to be elected a director of the  Company,  or until his
earlier  resignation,  unless  sooner  removed  as a  committee  member  or as a
director.

4.03  AUTHORITY.  The executive  committee, unless  expressly  restricted in the
resolution  adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors  establishing
the executive committee, shall have and may exercise all of the authority of the
Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Company.
Each other  committee,  to the extent  expressly  provided for in the resolution
adopted  by a  majority  of the  entire  Board of  Directors  establishing  such
committee,  shall have and may  exercise  all of the  authority  of the Board of
Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Company. However,
no committee  shall have the authority of the Board of Directors in reference to
(a) amending the Certificate,  (b) approving a plan of merger or  consolidation,
(c)  recommending  to the  stockholders  the sale,  lease or  exchange of all or
substantially all of the property and assets of the






Company  otherwise  than in the usual and regular  course of its  business,  (d)
recommending  to the  stockholders  a voluntary  dissolution of the Company or a
revocation thereof, (e) amending, altering or repealing these Bylaws or adopting
new  bylaws,  (f)  filling  vacancies  in or  removing  members  of the Board of
Directors or of any  committee,  (g) electing or removing  officers or committee
members, (h) fixing the compensation of any committee member, or (i) altering or
repealing any  resolution of the Board of Directors  which by its terms provides
that it shall not be amendable or  repealable.  In the  resolution  adopted by a
majority of the entire  Board of  Directors  establishing  an executive or other
committee,  the Board of Directors may  expressly  authorize  such  committee to
declare  dividends  or to  authorize  the  issuance  of shares of the  Company's
capital stock.

4.04 COMMITTEE CHANGES.  The Board of Directors shall have the power at any time
to remove  committee  members and to fill vacancies in, to change the membership
of, and to discharge any committee.  The removal of a committee  member shall be
without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.

4.05  REGULAR  MEETINGS.  Regular  meetings of any committee may be held without
notice  at such  times  and  places  as may be  designated  from time to time by
resolution of the committee and communicated to all committee members.

4.06 SPECIAL  MEETINGS.  A special meeting of any committee may be held whenever
called by any committee  member at such time and place as such committee  member
shall  designate in the notice of such special  meeting.  The  committee  member
calling any special  meeting  shall cause notice of such  special  meeting to be
given to each  committee  member at least  twelve (12) hours before such special
meeting.  Neither  the  business  to be  transacted  at, nor the purpose of, any
special  meeting of any  committee  need be specified in the notice or waiver of
notice of any special meeting.

4.07 QUORUM;  MAJORITY VOTE. At all meetings of any committee, a majority of the
number  of  committee  members  designated  by  the  Board  of  Directors  shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.  If a quorum is not present
at a meeting of any committee,  a majority of the committee  members present may
adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than an announcement
at the  meeting,  until a  quorum  is  present.  The vote of a  majority  of the
committee  members  present at any  meeting  at which a quorum is in  attendance
shall be the act of the  committee,  unless  the vote of a  different  number is
otherwise  required by law,  the  Certificate  of these  Bylaws.  The  committee
members  present at a duly  convened  meeting may continue to transact  business
until  adjournment,  notwithstanding  the  withdrawal of a sufficient  number of
committee members to leave less than a quorum.

4.08  MINUTES.  Each  committee  shall cause  minutes of its  proceedings  to be
prepared and shall report the same to the Board of Directors upon the request of
the Board of Directors.  The minutes of the  proceedings of each committee shall
be delivered to the Secretary of the Company for placement in the minute book of
the Company.







4.09  COMPENSATION.  Committee  members  may,  by  resolution  of the  Board  of
Directors,  be  allowed a fixed sum and  expenses  of  attendance,  if any,  for
attending any committee meetings or a stated salary.

4.10  RESPONSIBILITY.  The  designation  of any committee and the  delegation of
authority  to it shall not  operate to  relieve  the Board of  Directors  or any
director of any  responsibility  imposed  upon it or such  director by law.  The
Board of Directors may modify, alter, revise and/or approve any actions taken by
any committee;  provided, however, that no rights or acts of third parties shall
be affected by any such modification, alteration or revision.

                                    ARTICLE V
                     General Provisions Relating to Meetings

5.01  NOTICE.  Whenever  by law,  the  Certificate,  or these  Bylaws  notice is
required to be given to any  stockholder,  director or  committee  member and no
provision is made as to how such notice shall be given, it shall be construed to
mean that notice may be given either (a) in person, (b) in writing, by mail, (c)
except in the case of a stockholder,  by telegram,  telex, cable,  telecopy,  or
similar means, or (d) by any other method  permitted by law. Any notice required
or  permitted  to be given  hereunder  (other  than  personal  notice)  shall be
addressed to such stockholder,  director,  or committee member at his address as
it appears on the books of the Company or, in the case of a stockholder,  on the
stock  transfer  records  of  the  Company  or  at  such  other  place  as  such
stockholder,  director, or committee member is known to be at the time notice is
mailed or  transmitted.  Any notice  required or  permitted  to be given by mail
shall be deemed to be delivered and given at the time when the same is deposited
in the United States mail, postage prepaid.  Any notice required or permitted to
be given by telegram, telex, cable, telecopier, or similar means shall be deemed
to be delivered and given at the time transmitted.

5.02 WAIVER OF NOTICE.  Whenever by law,  the  Certificate,  or these Bylaws any
notice is required to be given to any stockholder, director, or committee member
of the  Company,  a waiver  thereof in  writing  signed by the person or persons
entitled to such  notice,  whether  before or after the time such notice  should
have been given, shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice. Attendance of
a director at a meeting  shall  constitute  a waiver of notice of such  meeting,
except where a director  attends a meeting for the express  purpose of objecting
to the  transaction  of any  business  an the  ground  that the  meeting  is not
lawfully called or convened.

5.03  TELEPHONE  AND SIMILAR  MEETINGS.  Stockholders,  directors  or  committee
members may participate in and hold a meeting by means of a conference telephone
or similar  communications  equipment by means of which persons participating in
the  meeting  can  hear  each  other.  Participation  in  such a  meeting  shall
constitute   presence  in  person  at  such  meeting,   except  where  a  person
participates  in the  meeting  for  the  express  purpose  of  objecting  to the
transaction  of any  business  on the ground  that the  meeting is not  lawfully
called or convened.







5.04 ACTION WITHOUT  MEETING.  Any action which may be taken,  or is required by
law, the Certificate or these Bylaws to be taken, at a meeting of  stockholders,
directors  or committee  members may be taken  without a meeting if a consent in
writing,  setting  forth  the  action  so  taken,  shall be signed by all of the
stockholders,  directors,  or committee members, as the case may be, entitled to
vote with respect to the subject matter thereof, and such consent shall have the
same force and effect,  as of the date stated  therein,  as a unanimous  vote of
such stockholders,  directors, or committee members, as the case may be, and may
be stated as such in any document  filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware
or in any certificate or other document delivered to any person. The consent may
be in one or  more  counterparts  so  long as  each  stockholder,  director,  or
committee  member signs one of the  counterparts.  The signed  consent  shall be
placed in the minute book of the Company.

                                   ARTICLE VI
                            Officers and Other Agents

6.01 NUMBER;  TITLES;  ELECTION;  TERM. The Company shall have a Chairman of the
Board, a President,  one or more Vice Presidents  (and, in the case of each Vice
President,  with such descriptive title, if any, as the Board of Directors shall
determine),  a Secretary, a Treasurer, and such other officers and agents as the
Board of Directors  may deem  desirable.  The Board of  Directors  shall elect a
Chairman of the Board, a President, Vice President,  Treasurer, and Secretary at
its first meeting at which a quorum shall be present after the annual meeting of
stockholders or whenever a vacancy exists.  The Board of Directors then, or from
time to time,  may also elect or appoint one or more other officers or agents as
it shall  deem  advisable.  Each  officer  and agent  shall  hold  office at the
discretion of the Board of Directors. Any two or more offices may be held by the
same person. No officer or agent need be a stockholder,  a director,  a resident
of the State of Delaware, or a citizen of the United States.

6.02  REMOVAL.  Any  officer  or agent  elected  or  appointed  by the  Board of
Directors may be removed by the Board of Directors at any time,  with or without
cause, but such removal shall be without  prejudice to the contract  rights,  if
any, of the person so removed.  Election or  appointment  of an officer or agent
shall not of itself create contract rights.

6.03  VACANCIES.  Any vacancy  occurring in any office of the Company (by death,
resignation, removal, or otherwise) may be filled by the Board of Directors.

6.04  AUTHORITY.  Officers and agents shall have such authority and perform such
duties in the  management  of the Company as are  provided in these Bylaws or as
may be  determined  by  resolution  of the Board of  Directors,  or an executive
committee thereof, not inconsistent with these Bylaws.

6.05  COMPENSATION.  The  compensation,  if any, of officers and agents shall be
fixed,  increased,  or decreased from time to time by the Chairman of the Board,
the President






or Vice  President;  provided,  however,  that the  Board of  Directors,  or any
executive  committee  thereof,  may by resolution  withdraw the authority of the
Chairman of the Board, the President and/or the Vice President to fix, increase,
or decrease  officers' or agents'  compensation  and retain such  authority  for
itself or  delegate  such  authority  to any other  officer or  officers  of the
Company.

6.06  EMPLOYMENT AND OTHER  CONTRACTS.  The Board of Directors may authorize any
officer or officers or agent or agents to enter into any contract or execute and
deliver  any  instrument  in the  name or on  behalf  of the  Company,  and such
authority  may be  general  or  confined  to  specific  instances.  The Board of
Directors may, when it believes the interests of the Company will best be served
thereby,  authorize  executive  employment  contracts  which  will have terms no
longer than ten (10) years (both which may be renewed or  extended)  and contain
such other terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may deem  appropriate.
Nothing  herein shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors to authorize
employment contracts for shorter terms.

6.07  CHAIRMAN  OF THE  BOARD.  The  Chairman  of the  Board  shall be the chief
executive officer of the Company and, subject to the supervision of the Board of
Directors and any executive committee thereof,  shall have charge of the general
management of the business and property of the Company in the ordinary course of
its business  with all such powers with respect to such business and property as
may be reasonably incident to such responsibilities,  including, but not limited
to,  the power to  employ,  discharge,  or  suspend  employees  or agents of the
Company,  to fix the  compensation  of  officers  (unless  such  power  has been
withdrawn by  resolution  of the Board of Directors or any  executive  committee
thereof),  to fix the compensation of employees and agents, and to suspend, with
or without cause,  any officer of the Company  pending final action by the Board
of Directors with respect to continued suspension,  removal, or reinstatement of
such  officer.  The  Chairman  of the  Board  shall  see  that  all  orders  and
resolutions  of the Board of Directors and any executive  committee  thereof are
carried  into  effect and shall  perform  such other  duties and have such other
authority  and  powers as the Board of  Directors,  or any  executive  committee
thereof, may from time to time prescribe.

6.08  PRESIDENT.  The  President  shall  have such  powers  and duties as may be
prescribed  from  time  to time  by the  Board  of  Directors  or any  executive
committee  thereof,  or as may be delegated from time to time by the Chairman of
the Board and shall exercise the powers of the Chairman of the Board during such
officer's absence or inability to act.

6.09  VICE PRESIDENT.  Each Vice President  shall have such powers and duties as
may be prescribed from time to time by the Board of Directors,  or any executive
committee  thereof,  or as may be delegated from time to time by the Chairman of
the  Board  or  President  and (in the  order  as  designated  by the  Board  of
Directors,  or any  executive  committee  thereof,  or in the  absence  of  such
designation,  as  determined  by the  length of time each has held the office of
Vice President  continuously)  shall exercise the powers of the President during
such officer's absence or inability to act.







6.10  TREASURER.  The Treasurer  shall have custody of the  Company's  funds and
securities, shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements,
and shall deposit all moneys and valuable  effects in the name and to the credit
of the Company in such  depository or  depositories  as may be designated by the
Board  of  Directors  or any  executive  committee  thereof.  Additionally,  the
Treasurer shall have the power to endorse for deposit,  collection or otherwise,
all checks, drafts, notes, bills of exchange, and other commercial paper payable
to the Company and to give proper  receipts and  discharges  for all payments to
the Company.  The Treasurer shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed
from time to time by the Board of Directors, or any executive committee thereof,
or as may be  delegated  from time to time by the  Chairman  of the  Board,  the
President or any Vice President.

6.11  ASSISTANT TREASURER. Each Assistant Treasurer shall perform such duties as
may be prescribed from time to time by the Board of Directors,  or any executive
committee  thereof,  or as may be delegated  from time to time by the Treasurer,
the Chairman of the Board, the President,  or any Vice President.  The Assistant
Treasurers  (in the  order  as  designated  by the  Board of  Directors,  or any
executive  committee  thereof,  or  in  the  absence  of  such  designation,  as
determined by the length of time each has held the office of Assistant Treasurer
continuously)  shall exercise the powers of the Treasurer  during such officer's
absence or inability to act.

6.12  SECRETARY.  The Secretary  shall  maintain  minutes of all meetings of the
Board of Directors,  of any committee,  and of the  stockholders  or consents in
lieu of such minutes in the  Company's  minute  book,  and shall cause notice of
such meetings to be given when  requested by any person  authorized to call such
meetings. With respect to any contract,  deed, deed of trust, mortgage, or other
instrument  executed  by the  Company  through  its duly  authorized  officer or
officers,  the  attestation  to such  execution  by the  Secretary  shall not be
necessary  to  constitute  such  contract,  deed of  trust,  mortgage,  or other
instrument  a valid and  binding  obligation  against  the  Company  unless  the
resolution,  if any,  of the  Board  of  Directors  authorizing  such  execution
expressly  states that such  attestation is necessary.  The Secretary shall have
charge of the certificate  books,  stock transfer books, and stock papers as the
Board of Directors, or any executive committee thereof, may direct, all of which
shall  at all  reasonable  times  be open to  inspection  by any  director.  The
Secretary shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time
by the Board of Directors,  or any  executive  committee  thereof,  or as may be
delegated f rom time to time by the Chairman of the Board,  the President or any
Vice President.

6.13 ASSISTANT  SECRETARIES.  Each Assistant Secretary shall perform such duties
as may be  prescribed  from time to time by the Board of  Directors or as may be
delegated  from time to time by the  Secretary,  the Chairman of the Board,  the
President  or any  Vice  President.  The  Assistant  Secretaries  (in the  order
designated by the Board of Directors,  or an executive committee thereof, or, in
the absence of such  designation,  as  determined by the length of time each has
held the office of Assistant  Secretary  continuously) shall exercise the powers
of the Secretary during such officer's absence or inability to act.







                                   ARTICLE VII
                          Certificates and Stockholders

7.01  CERTIFICATES  FOR  SHARES.  The  certificates  for  shares of stock of the
Company  shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors in
conformity with law. The certificates shall be consecutively numbered,  shall be
entered as they are issued in the books of the  Company or in the records of the
Company's  designated  transfer agent, if any, and shall state the stockholder's
name,  the number of shares,  and such other  matters as may be required by law.
The certificates  shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board, the President or
any Vice President and also by the  Secretary,  an Assistant  Secretary,  or any
other  officer,  and may be sealed  with the seal of the  Company or a facsimile
thereof.  Any or  all  of  the  signatures  of  the  foregoing  officers  may be
facsimile.  The  countersignature of any transfer agent or registrar shall be an
original signature.

7.02  LOST, STOLEN,  OR DESTROYED  CERTIFICATES.  The Company  shall issue a new
certificate  in place of any  certificate  for shares  previously  issued if the
registered owner of the certificate, or his legal representative:

     (a) CLAIM. Makes proof by affidavit,  in form and substance satisfactory to
the Board of Directors, that a previously issued certificate for shares has been
lost, destroyed, or stolen;

     (b) TIMELY REQUEST.  Requests the issuance of a new certificate  before the
Company has notice that the  certificate  has been  acquired by a purchaser  for
value in good faith and without notice of an adverse claim;

     (c)  BOND.  If  requested  by the  Board  of  Directors,  or any  executive
committee  thereof,  delivers  to the  Company  a bond,  in form  and  substance
satisfactory to the Board of Directors, or any executive committee thereof, with
such  surety  or  sureties  and with  fixed  or open  penalty,  as the  Board of
Directors, or any executive committee thereof, may direct, in its discretion, to
indemnify the Company (and its transfer agent and registrar, if any) against any
claim that may be made on account of the alleged loss, destruction,  or theft of
the certificate;

     (d) ADVERTISEMENT. If requested by the Board of Directors, or any executive
committee thereof, advertises the loss, theft or destruction of such certificate
in such manner as the Board of Directors,  or any executive  committee  thereof,
may specify; and

     (e) OTHER REQUIREMENTS. Satisfies any other reasonable requirements imposed
by the Board of Directors.

When a certificate has been lost,  destroyed,  or stolen, and the stockholder of
record fails to notify the Company within a reasonable  time after he has notice
of it, and the Company  registers a transfer  of the shares  represented  by the
certificate  before  receiving such  notification,  the stockholder of record is
precluded from making any






claim against the Company or any transfer agent or registrar for the transfer or
for a new certificate.

7.03 TRANSFER OF SHARES.  Shares of stock of the Company  shall be  transferable
only on the books of the  Company  by the  stockholders  thereof in person or by
their duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives.  Upon surrender to the
Company  or the  transfer  agent of the  Company of a  certificate  representing
shares  duly  endorsed  or  accompanied   by  proper   evidence  of  succession,
assignment,  or authority to transfer,  the Company or its transfer  agent shall
issue a new certificate, and record the transaction upon its books.

7.04  REGISTERED  STOCKHOLDERS.  The  Company  shall be  entitled  to treat  the
stockholder of record as the stockholder in fact of any shares and, accordingly,
shall not be bound to recognize  any  equitable or other claim to or interest in
such shares on part of any other person,  whether or not it shall have actual or
other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law.

                                  ARTICLE VIII
                            Miscellaneous Provisions

8.01 DIVIDENDS AND RESERVES.  Subject to provisions of law and the  Certificate,
dividends  may be declared by the Board of  Directors  at any regular or special
meeting and may be paid in cash,  in property or in shares of the Company.  Such
declaration  and payment  shall be at the  discretion of the Board of Directors.
There may be created by  resolution  of the Board of Directors out of the earned
surplus of the Company such  reserve or reserves as the Board of Directors  from
time to time thinks proper to provide for  contingencies,  equalize dividends or
repair or maintain any property of the Company, or for such other purpose as the
Board of Directors thinks beneficial to the Company,  and the Board of Directors
may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

8.02 FISCAL YEAR.  The fiscal year of the Company shall be fixed by the Board of
Directors; provided, however, that if such fiscal year is not fixed by the Board
of Directors it shall be the calendar year.

8.03  SEAL.  The seal, if any,  of the  Company  shall be in such form as may be
approved from time to time by the Board of Directors, or any executive committee
thereof. If the Board of Directors, or any executive committee thereof, approves
a seal,  the affixation of such seal shall not be required to create a valid and
binding obligation against the Company.

8.04  RESIGNATION. A director, committee member, officer, or agent may resign by
so stating at any meeting of the Board of Directors or by giving  written notice
to the  Company.  The  effective  time of such  resignation  shall  be any  time
specified in the  statement  made at the Board of  Directors'  meeting or in the
written  notice given to the Company,  but in no event may the effective time of
such  resignation  be prior to the time such statement is made or such notice is
given. If no effective time is






specified in the resignation,  the resignation  shall be effective  immediately.
Unless  a  resignation  specified  otherwise,  it  is  effective  without  being
accepted.

8.05 SECURITIES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS.  The Chairman of the Board, the President
or any  Vice  President  of  the  Company  or any  other  person  authorized  by
resolution of the Board of Directors,  or an executive committee thereof,  shall
have the power and authority to transfer,  endorse for transfer,  vote, consent,
or take any other action with respect to any  securities of another issuer which
may be held or owned  by the  Company  and to make,  execute,  and  deliver  any
waiver, proxy, or consent with respect to any such securities.

8.06  AMENDMENT.  The power to alter, amend, or repeal these Bylaws or adopt new
bylaws  is  vested in the  Board of  Directors,  subject  to repeal or change by
action of the stockholders.

8.07 INVALID PROVISIONS. If any provision of these Bylaws is held to be illegal,
invalid,  or unenforceable under present or future laws, such provision shall be
fully  severable;  these  Bylaws  shall be  construed  and  enforced  as if such
illegal,  invalid or unenforceable  provision had never comprised a part hereof;
and the  remaining  provisions  hereof shall remain in full force and effect and
shall not be affected by the illegal,  invalid, or unenforceable provision or by
its  severance  herefrom.  Furthermore,  in lieu of such  illegal,  invalid,  or
unenforceable  provision,  there shall be added automatically as a part of these
Bylaws  a  provision  as  similar  in  terms  to  such  illegal,   invalid,   or
unenforceable provision as may be possible and be legal, valid, and enforceable.

8.08 INDEMNIFICATION. (a) The Company shall indemnify, to the extent provided in
paragraphs  (b), (c) or (d) of this Section 8.08: (1) any person who is or was a
director,  officer,  employee or agent of the Company; and (2) any person who is
or was serving at the request of the Company as a director,  officer,  employee,
member or agent of another corporation,  partnership, limited liability company,
joint venture, trust, banking institution or other enterprise.

(b) In case of a suit by or in the right of the Company  against a person  named
in  paragraph  (a) of this  Section  8.08 by  reason of his  holding a  position
specified in such  paragraph  (a), the Company shall  indemnify him for expenses
(including  attorneys' fees but excluding  amounts paid in settlement)  actually
and reasonably  incurred by him in connection  with the defense or settlement of
the suit,  if: (1) he is successful on the merits or otherwise;  or (2) he acted
in good faith in the  transaction  which is the  subject  of the suit,  and in a
manner he reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of
the Company;  he shall not,  however,  be  indemnified  in respect of any claim,
issue or  matter  as to which he has been  adjudged  liable  for  negligence  or
misconduct in the performance of his duty to the Company unless (and only to the
extent  that) the  court in which the suit was  brought  shall  determine,  upon
application,  that despite the adjudication but in view of all  circumstances he
is fairly and  reasonably  entitled to indemnity  for such expenses as the court
shall deem proper.







(c)  In  case  of  a  suit,  action  or  proceeding  (whether  civil,  criminal,
administrative or investigative, and whether threatened, pending, or completed),
other  than a suit  by or in the  right  of the  Company,  together  hereinafter
referred to as a "nonderivative  suit",  against a person named in paragraph (a)
of this  Section  8.08 by reason of his  holding a  position  specified  in such
paragraph  (a), the Company  shall  indemnify  him against  expenses  (including
attorneys'  fees),  judgments,  fines,  penalties and amounts paid in settlement
actually and reasonably  incurred y the person in connection with the defense or
settlement  of such  action  or suit if (1) he is  successful  on the  merits or
otherwise; or (2) he acted in good faith in the transaction which is the subject
of the nonderivative  suit, and in a manner he reasonably  believed to be in, or
not  opposed to, the best  interests  of the Company  and,  with  respect to any
criminal  action or  proceeding,  he had no reason to believe  his  conduct  was
unlawful. The termination of a nonderivative suit by judgment, order, settlement
conviction,  or upon a plea of nolo  contendre or its  equivalent  shall not, of
itself,  create a presumption  that the person failed to satisfy the standard of
paragraph (c)(2) of this Section 8.08.

(d) A  determination  that the standard of paragraph  (b) or (c) of this Section
8.08 has been  satisfied  may be made by a court,  or by: (1) a majority  of the
directors  of the Company  (whether or not a quorum) who were not parties to the
action, suit or proceeding;  (2) independent legal counsel in a written opinion;
or (3) the stockholders of the Company.

(e) Anyone making a  determination  under paragraph (d) of this Section 8.08 may
determine  that a person has met the  standard as to some  matters but not as to
others and may reasonably prorate amounts to be indemnified.

(f) The Company  may pay in advance any  expenses  (including  attorneys'  fees)
which may become subject to  indemnification  under  paragraphs  (a)-(e) of this
Section 8.08 if: (1) The Board of Directors authorizes the specific payment; and
(2) the person receiving the payment undertakes in writing to repay unless it is
ultimately  determined  that he is  entitled to  indemnification  by the Company
under paragraphs (a)-(e) of this Section 8.08.

(g) The  indemnification  provided by  paragraphs  (a)-(e) of this  Section 8.08
shall not be  exclusive of any other rights to which a person may be entitled by
law, agreement, vote of stockholders or directors, or otherwise.

(h) The  indemnification  and advance payment provided by paragraphs  (a)-(f) of
this  Section  8.08  shall  continue  as to a person  who has  ceased  to hold a
position  named in  paragraph  (a) of this  Section  8.08 and shall inure to his
heirs, executors and administrators.

(i) The Company may purchase and maintain  insurance on behalf of any person who
holds or who has held any position  named in paragraph (a) against any liability
incurred by him or in any such  position,  or arising out of his status as such,
whether or not the  Company  would  have power to  indemnify  him  against  such
liability under paragraphs (a)-(f) of this Section 8.08.






(j)  Indemnification  payments,  advance  payments and insurance  payments under
paragraphs  (a)-(i) of this  Section  8.08 shall be  reported  in writing to the
stockholders  of the Company with the next notice of annual  meeting,  or within
six months, whichever is sooner.

8.09 TABLE OF CONTENTS;  HEADINGS.  The Table of Contents  and headings  used in
these Bylaws have been inserted for  administrative  convenience only and do not
constitute  matter to be  construed  or  interpreted  in  connection  with these
Bylaws.

         The  undersigned  Secretary of the Company  hereby  certifies  that the
foregoing  Restated  Bylaws have been duly  adopted by the Board of Directors of
the Company;  that all amendments  heretofore  adopted are incorporated  herein;
that the Bylaws  have not  subsequently  been  amended or  rescinded;  that said
Bylaws are in full force and effect as of the date hereof.

Date:    February 5, 1998



                                                     --------------------------
                                                     Robert B. Vlach, Secretary