SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For Quarter Ended March 31, 2005 Commission File No. 1-9399 RESEARCH FRONTIERS INCORPORATED (Exact name of registrant as specified in charter) Delaware 11-2103466 (State of incorporation or organization) (IRS Employer Identification No.) 240 Crossways Park Drive, Woodbury, N.Y. 11797 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (516) 364-1902 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No __ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes X No __ Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: As of May 9, 2005, there were outstanding 13,812,559 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. RESEARCH FRONTIERS INCORPORATED Consolidated Balance Sheets March 31,2005 Assets (Unaudited) Dec.31,2004 Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,632,446 2,602,063 Royalty receivables, net of reserves of $82,522 162,294 54,544 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 57,993 60,357 Total current assets 6,852,733 2,716,964 Fixed assets, net 118,911 121,104 Deposits 22,605 22,605 Total assets $ 6,994,249 2,860,673 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 200,543 116,440 Deferred revenue 113,750 10,000 Accrued expenses and other 228,151 341,930 Total liabilities 542,444 468,370 Commitments and Contingencies Shareholders' equity: Capital stock, par value $0.0001 per share; authorized 100,000,000 shares, issued and outstanding 13,812,559 and 12,812,559 shares, respectively 1,381 1,281 Additional paid-in capital 62,576,288 57,576,388 Accumulated deficit (56,125,864) (55,185,366) Total shareholders' equity 6,451,805 2,392,303 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 6,994,249 2,860,673 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. RESEARCH FRONTIERS INCORPORATED Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) Three months ended March 31,2005 March 31,2004 Fee income $ 41,250 37,319 Operating expenses 594,915 664,042 Research and development 409,069 499,370 Charge for reduction in value of investment in SPD Inc. -- 209,704 1,003,984 1,373,116 Operating loss (962,734) (1,335,797) Net investment income 22,236 6,983 Net loss $ (940,498) (1,328,814) Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ (.07) (.10) Weighted average number of common shares outstanding 13,323,670 12,765,284 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. RESEARCH FRONTIERS INCORPORATED Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) Three months ended March 31,2005 March 31, 2004 Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $ ( 940,498) (1,328,814) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 10,812 18,913 Charge for reduction in value of investment in SPD Inc. -- 209,704 Changes in assets and liabilities: Royalty receivables (107,750) (88,304) Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2,364 7,563 Deferred revenue 103,750 85,953 Accounts payable and accrued expenses (29,676) 126,973 Net cash used in operating activities (960,998) (968,012) Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of fixed assets (8,619) (14,413) Net cash used in investing activities ( 8,619) (14,413) Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuances of common stock and warrants 5,000,000 1,027,224 Net cash provided by financing activities 5,000,000 1,027,224 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 4,030,383 44,799 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 2,602,063 5,072,290 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 6,632,446 5,117,089 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. RESEARCH FRONTIERS INCORPORATED Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements March 31, 2005 (Unaudited) Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2005. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K (Form 10-K) relating to Research Frontiers Incorporated (the Company) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004. Business The Company operates in a single business segment which is engaged in the development and marketing of technology and devices to control the flow of light. Such devices, often referred to as "light valves" or suspended particle devices (SPDs), use colloidal particles that are either incorporated within a liquid suspension or a film, which is usually enclosed between two sheets of glass or plastic having transparent, electrically conductive coatings on the facing surfaces thereof. At least one of the two sheets is transparent. SPD technology, made possible by a flexible light-control film invented by Research Frontiers, allows the user to instantly and precisely control the shading of glass/plastic manually or automatically. SPD technology has numerous product applications, including: SPD-Smart windows, sunshades, skylights and interior partitions for homes and buildings; automotive windows, sunroofs, sun-visors, sunshades, rear-view mirrors, instrument panels and navigation systems; aircraft windows; eyewear products; and flat panel displays for electronic products. SPD-Smart light control film is now being used in architectural, automotive, marine, aerospace and appliance applications. Investment in SPD Inc. During the second quarter of 2001, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, SPD Enterprises, Inc., invested approximately $750,000 for a minority equity interest in SPD Inc., a subsidiary of Hankuk Glass Industries Inc., Korea's largest glass manufacturer, which was dedicated exclusively to the production of suspended particle device (SPD) light-control film and a wide variety of end-products using SPD film. In April 2003, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, SPD Enterprises, Inc., invested $74,902 in SPD Inc., raising its equity ownership from 6.67% to 6.91%. SPD Inc.'s parent company invested at the same time and at the same price, $748,931, raising its equity ownership in SPD Inc. from 66.67% to 69.09%. During 2003, the Company recorded total non-cash accounting charges of $615,200 against income to reflect a reduction in the value of its investment in SPD Inc. These non-cash charges were determined as follows: During the first quarter of 2003, the Company recorded a non-cash charge against income of $255,200 to reflect a reduction in the value of its investment in SPD Inc. determined based upon the April 2003 financing, and the Company recorded a further non-cash charge against income of $360,000 as of the end of 2003 to reflect a reduction in the value of its investment in SPD Inc. determined based upon its review of the financial position and results of operations of SPD Inc. as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003. On April 28, 2004, SPD Inc. informed the Company that it was planning to sell its equipment and other assets and cease its business activities. As a result, the Company wrote off its entire remaining investment in SPD Inc. of $209,704 in the first quarter of 2004. During the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company received a payment of $44,203 as part of a liquidation distribution made by SPD Inc. to its shareholders, resulting in a total net non- cash charge against income of $165,501 in 2004. The Company's license agreement with Hankuk Glass Industries provided for the payment of minimum annual royalties to the Company in 2002 and 2003. These amounts were all paid in full in 2004. Patent Costs The Company expenses costs relating to the development or acquisition of patents due to the uncertainty of the recoverability of these items. Revenue Recognition The Company has entered into a number of license agreements covering its light control technology. The Company receives minimum annual royalties under certain license agreements and records fee income on a ratable basis each quarter. In instances when sales of licensed products by its licensees exceed minimum annual royalties, the Company recognizes fee income as the amounts have been earned. Certain of the fees are accrued by, or paid to, the Company in advance of the period in which they are earned resulting in deferred revenue. Such excess amounts are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized into income in future periods as earned. Stock-Based Compensation In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation - Transition and Disclosure." SFAS No. 148 provides alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation as originally provided by SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." Additionally, SFAS No. 148 amends the disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123 to require prominent disclosure in both the annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock- based compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The Company adopted the disclosure provisions of this statement in the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2003. The exercise price for stock options granted are generally set at the average of the high and low trading prices of the Company's common stock on the trading date immediately prior to the date of grant, and the related number of shares granted are fixed at the date of grant. Under the principles of APB Opinion No. 25, the Company does not recognize compensation expense associated with the grant of stock options. SFAS No. 123 requires the use of option valuation models to determine the fair value of options granted after 1995. Pro forma information regarding net loss and net loss per share shown below was determined as if the Company had accounted for its employee stock options and shares sold under its stock purchase plan under the fair value method set forth in SFAS No. 123. The fair value of the options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the options is amortized over the options' vesting periods. The following table illustrates the effect on net loss and earnings per share as if the fair value method had been applied: Three months ended March 31,2005 March 31,2004 Net loss $ (940,498) (1,328,814) Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation determined under fair- value based method for all awards $ -- (200,733) Pro forma $ (940,498) ( 1,529,547) Basic and diluted net loss per common share As reported $ (0.07) $ (0.10) Pro forma $ (0.07) $ (0.12) Shareholders' Equity Issuance of Common Stock For the three months ended March 31, 2005, the Company received $5,000,000 of net cash proceeds from the issuance to institutional investors of one million shares of its common stock and the issuance of five-year warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2004, the Company received $1,027,224 of net cash proceeds from the issuance of (i) 99,417 shares of common stock issued upon the exercise of warrants resulting in net proceeds of $954,724; and (ii) 8,500 shares of common stock issued upon the exercise of options resulting in net proceeds of $72,500. Treasury Stock The Company did not repurchase any of its stock during the three months ended March 31, 2005 or 2004. Comprehensive Loss Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income (SFAS No. 130) requires that companies disclose comprehensive income, which includes net loss, foreign currency translation adjustments, minimum pension liability adjustments, and unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities classified as available-for-sale. The components of comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 are as follows: Three months ended March 31,2005 March 31,2004 Net loss $ (940,498) (1,328,814) Unrealized loss on securities: Unrealized holding loss arising during period $ -- (1,625) Total comprehensive loss $ (940,498) (1,330,439) Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Accounting Policies The following accounting policies are important to understanding our financial condition and results of operations and should be read as an integral part of the discussion and analysis of the results of our operations and financial position. For additional accounting policies, see note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company has entered into a number of license agreements covering potential products using the Company's SPD technology. The Company receives minimum annual royalties under certain license agreements and records fee income on a ratable basis each quarter. In instances when sales of licensed products by its licensees exceed minimum annual royalties, the Company recognizes fee income as the amounts have been earned. Certain of the fees are accrued by, or paid to, the Company in advance of the period in which they are earned resulting in deferred revenue. The Company expenses costs relating to the development or acquisition of patents due to the uncertainty of the recoverability of these items. All of our research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. Our research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for internal and external research and development. These costs include direct and indirect overhead expenses. The Company has historically used the Black-Scholes option- pricing model to determine the estimated fair value of each option grant. The Black-Scholes model includes assumptions regarding dividend yields, expected volatility, expected lives, and risk-free interest rates. These assumptions reflect our best estimates, but these items involve uncertainties based on market conditions generally outside of our control. As a result, if other assumptions had been used in the current period, stock-based compensation expense could have been materially impacted. Furthermore, if management uses different assumptions in future periods, stock- based compensation expense could be materially impacted in future years. On occasion, the Company may issue to consultants either options or warrants to purchase shares of common stock of the Company at specified share prices. These options or warrants may vest based upon specific services being performed or performance criteria being met. In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services, the Company would be required to record consulting expenses based upon the fair value of such options or warrants on the date that such options or warrants vest as determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Depending upon the difference between the exercise price and the market price of the Company's common stock on the date that such options or warrants vest, the amount of non-cash expenses that could be recorded as a result of the vesting of such options or warrants can be material. The Company applied the cost method of accounting for its minority equity interest in SPD Inc., a subsidiary of Hankuk Glass Industries, Inc. Because no public market existed for the common stock of SPD Inc., the Company reviewed the operating performance, financing and forecasts for such entity in assessing the net realizable value of this investment. During 2003, the Company recorded total non-cash accounting charges of $615,200 against income to reflect a reduction in the value of its investment in SPD Inc. These non-cash charges were determined as follows: During the first quarter of 2003, the Company recorded a non- cash charge against income of $255,200 to reflect a reduction in the value of its investment in SPD Inc. determined based upon recent financing activity of SPD Inc. The Company also recorded a further non-cash charge against income of $360,000 as of the end of 2003 to reflect a reduction in the value of its investment in SPD Inc. determined based upon its review of the financial position and results of operations of SPD Inc. as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003. On April 28, 2004, SPD Inc. informed the Company that it was planning to sell its equipment and other assets and cease its business activities. As a result, the Company wrote off its entire remaining investment in SPD Inc. of $209,704 in the first quarter of 2004. During the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company received a payment of $44,203 as part of a liquidation distribution made by SPD Inc. to its shareholders, resulting in a total net non-cash charge against income of $165,501 in 2004. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. An example of a critical estimate is the full valuation allowance for deferred taxes that was recorded based on the uncertainty that such tax benefits will be realized in future periods. Controls and Procedures We maintain a system of controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance as to the reliability of the financial statements and other disclosures included in this report, as well as to safeguard assets from unauthorized use or disposition. We evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as of the end of the quarter ended March 31, 2005. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at a reasonable assurance level in timely alerting them to material information required to be included in our periodic Securities and Exchange Commission filings. There were no changes that occurred during the quarterly period ended March 31, 2005 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to material affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Results of Operations for the Three Month Periods Ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 The Company's fee income from licensing activities for the first quarter of 2005 was $41,250, as compared to $37,319 for the first quarter of 2004. This difference in fee income was primarily the result of the timing and amount of minimum annual royalties paid, and the date of receipt of such payment on certain license agreements, by end-product licensees. Certain license fees, which are paid to the Company in advance of the accounting period in which they are earned resulting in the recognition of deferred revenue for the current accounting period, will be recognized as fee income in future periods. Also, licensees may offset some or all of their royalty payments on sales of licensed products for a given period by applying these advance payments towards such earned royalty payments. Operating expenses decreased by $69,127 for the first quarter of 2005 to $594,915 from $664,042 for the first quarter of 2004. This decrease was primarily the result of lower payroll, marketing, legal, patent, depreciation, consulting and directors expenses, partially offset by higher accounting fees and insurance expenses. Research and development expenditures decreased by $90,301 to $409,069 for the first quarter of 2005 from $499,370 for the first quarter of 2004. This decrease was primarily the result of decreased payroll and depreciation expenses, partially offset by higher insurance expenses. The Company's net investment income for the first quarter of 2005 was $22,236, as compared to net income from its investing activities of $6,983 for the first quarter of 2004. This difference was primarily due to higher interest rates during 2005 and higher cash balances due to the receipt of proceeds from the sale of common stock and warrants in February 2005 During 2004, the Company recorded total non-cash charges of $165,501 against income to reflect a reduction in the value of its investment in SPD Inc. Of this, the Company recorded a non-cash charge against income of $209,704 during the first quarter of 2004. During the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company received a payment of $44,203 as part of a liquidation distribution made by SPD Inc. to its shareholders, resulting in a total net non-cash charge against income of $165,501 in 2004. As a consequence of the factors discussed above, the Company's net loss was $940,498 ($0.07 per common share) for the first quarter of 2005 as compared to $1,328,814 ($0.10 per common share) for the first quarter of 2004. Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources During the first three months of 2005, the Company's cash and cash equivalent balance increased by $4,030,383 principally as a result of $5,000,000 of net proceeds received from the issuance of common stock and warrants, offset by cash used to fund the Company's operating activities of $960,998. At March 31, 2005, the Company had working capital of $6,310,289 and its shareholders' equity was $6,451,805. The Company occupies premises under an operating lease agreement which expires on January 31, 2014 and requires minimum annual rent which rises over the term of the lease to approximately $138,269. During the second quarter of 2001, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, SPD Enterprises, Inc., invested approximately $750,000 for a minority equity interest in SPD Inc., a subsidiary of Hankuk Glass Industries Inc., Korea's largest glass manufacturer, which was dedicated exclusively to the production of suspended particle device (SPD) light-control film and a wide variety of end-products using SPD film. In April 2003, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, SPD Enterprises, Inc., invested $74,902 in SPD Inc., raising its equity ownership from 6.67% to 6.91%. SPD Inc.'s parent company invested at the same time and at the same price, $748,931 , raising its equity ownership in SPD Inc. from 66.67% to 69.09%. During 2003, the Company recorded total non-cash charges of $615,200 against income to reflect a reduction in the value of its investment in SPD Inc. These non-cash charges were determined as follows: During the first quarter of 2003, the Company recorded a non-cash charge against income of $255,200 to reflect a reduction in the value of its investment in SPD Inc. determined based upon recent financing activity of SPD Inc. The Company also recorded a further non- cash charge against income of $360,000 as of the end of 2003 to reflect a reduction in the value of its investment in SPD Inc. determined based upon its review of the financial position and results of operations of SPD Inc. as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003. On April 28, 2004, SPD Inc. informed the Company that it was planning to sell its equipment and other assets and cease its business activities. As a result, the Company wrote off its entire remaining investment in SPD Inc. of $209,704 in the first quarter of 2004. During the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company received a payment of $44,203 as part of a liquidation distribution made by SPD Inc. to its shareholders, resulting in a total net non-cash charge against income of $165,501 in 2004. During the first quarter of 2004, the Company issued to Ailouros Ltd., a London-based institutional money management fund, 99,417 shares registered and available for issuance under a Class A Warrant previously issued to Ailouros, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $1 million. In February 2005, the Company raised $5 million in net proceeds in connection with the registered sale to institutional investors of one million shares of its common stock and the issuance of five- year warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share. The Company expects to use its cash to fund its research and development of SPD light valves and for other working capital purposes. The Company's working capital and capital requirements depend upon numerous factors, including the results of research and development activities, competitive and technological developments, the timing and cost of patent filings, the development of new licensees and changes in the Company's relationships with its existing licensees. The degree of dependence of the Company's working capital requirements on each of the foregoing factors cannot be quantified; increased research and development activities and related costs would increase such requirements; the addition of new licensees may provide additional working capital or working capital requirements, and changes in relationships with existing licensees would have a favorable or negative impact depending upon the nature of such changes. Based upon existing levels of cash expenditures, existing cash reserves and budgeted revenues, the Company believes that it would not require additional funding until the first quarter of 2007. There can be no assurance that expenditures will not exceed the anticipated amounts or that additional financing, if required, will be available when needed or, if available, that its terms will be favorable or acceptable to the Company. Eventual success of the Company and generation of positive cash flow will be dependent upon the extent of commercialization of products using the Company's technology by the Company's licensees and payments of continuing royalties on account thereof. New Accounting Standards In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued SFAS No. 123R "Share Based Payment," which replaces SFAS No. 123 and supersedes APB No. 25. SFAS No. 123R requires that the cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be recognized in the consolidated financial statements. This statement applies to all share-based payment transactions in which an entity acquires goods or services by issuing its shares, options or other equity instruments. This statement establishes fair value as the measurement objective in accounting for share-based payment arrangements and requires all entities to apply a fair-value-based measurement method in accounting for share-based payment transactions with employees, except for equity instruments held by employee share ownership plans. This statement is effective as of the beginning of the first annual reporting period that begins after June 15, 2005, which will be the Company's next fiscal year beginning January 1, 2006. The Company expects that the adoption of SFAS No. 123R could have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements, depending upon the number and terms of stock options issued by the Company in the future. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk The information required by Item 3 has been disclosed in Item 7A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004. There has been no material change in the disclosure regarding market risk. Forward Looking Statements The information set forth in this Report and in all publicly disseminated information about the Company, including the narrative contained in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" above, includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is subject to the safe harbor created by that section. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as they speak only as of the date hereof and are not guaranteed. PART II. OTHER INFORMATION Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K (a) Exhibits. 31.1 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Robert L. Saxe- Filed herewith. 31.2 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Joseph M. Harary- Filed herewith. 32.1 Section 1350 Certification of Robert L. Saxe- Filed herewith. 32.2 Section 1350 Certification of Joseph M. Harary- Filed herewith. (b) Reports on Form 8-K. A Current Report on Form 8-K was filed by the Registrant on February 14, 2005 regarding the private placement of $5 million of common stock and warrants to four investment funds and a Current Report on Form 8-K was filed by the Registrant on April 25, 2005 regarding the Company's change of accountants from KPMG LLP to BDO Seidman, LLP. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunder duly authorized. RESEARCH FRONTIERS INCORPORATED (Registrant) /s/ Robert L. Saxe Robert L. Saxe, Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Joseph M. Harary Joseph M. Harary, President and Treasurer (Principal Financial, and Accounting Officer) Date: May 9, 2005