KAISER ALUMINUM CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In millions of dollars, except share amounts)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements include the statements of Kaiser
Aluminum Corporation ("Kaiser" or the "Company") and its majority owned
subsidiaries. The Company is a subsidiary of MAXXAM Inc. ("MAXXAM") and
conducts its operations through its wholly owned subsidiary, Kaiser
Aluminum & Chemical Corporation ("KACC"). KACC operates in all principal
aspects of the aluminum industry-the mining of bauxite (the major aluminum
bearing ore), the refining of bauxite into alumina (the intermediate
material), the production of primary aluminum, and the manufacture of
fabricated and semi-fabricated aluminum products. Kaiser's production
levels of alumina and primary aluminum exceed its internal processing
needs, which allows it to be a major seller of alumina and primary aluminum
to domestic and international third parties (see Note 11).
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles requires the use of estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities,
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist as of the
date the financial statements are published, and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Uncertainties, with
respect to such estimates and assumptions, are inherent in the preparation
of the Company's consolidated financial statements; accordingly, it is
possible that the actual results could differ from these estimates and
assumptions, which could have a material effect on the reported amounts of
the Company's consolidated financial position and results of operation.
Investments in 50%-or-less-owned entities are accounted for primarily by
the equity method. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated.
Certain reclassifications of prior-year information were made to conform to
the current presentation.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
The Company considers only those short-term, highly liquid investments with
original maturities of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.
INVENTORIES
Substantially all product inventories are stated at last-in, first-out
("LIFO") cost, not in excess of market value. Replacement cost is not in
excess of LIFO cost. Other inventories, principally operating supplies and
repair and maintenance parts, are stated at the lower of average cost or
market. Inventory costs consist of material, labor, and manufacturing
overhead, including depreciation. Inventories consist of the following:
December 31,
------------------------------
1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finished fabricated products $ 112.4 $ 103.9
Primary aluminum and work in process 205.6 226.6
Bauxite and alumina 109.5 108.4
Operating supplies and repair and maintenance parts 116.0 129.4
-------------- --------------
$ 543.5 $ 568.3
============== ==============
DEPRECIATION
Depreciation is computed principally by the straight-line method at rates
based on the estimated useful lives of the various classes of assets. The
principal estimated useful lives of land improvements, buildings, and
machinery and equipment are 8 to 25 years, 15 to 45 years, and 10 to 22
years, respectively.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company applies the intrinsic value method to account for a stock-based
compensation plan whereby compensation cost is recognized only to the
extent that the quoted market price of the stock at the measurement date
exceeds the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. No
compensation cost has been recognized for this plan as the stock options
granted in 1998 and 1997 were at the market price. No stock options were
granted in 1996. (See Note 7).
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Other expense in 1998, 1997, and 1996, includes $12.7, $8.8, and $3.1 of
pre-tax charges related principally to establishing additional litigation
reserves for asbestos claims net of estimated aggregate insurance
recoveries pertaining to operations which were discontinued prior to the
acquisition of the Company by MAXXAM in 1988. Other income in 1998
includes $12.0 attributable to insurance recoveries related to certain
incurred environmental costs. (See Note 9).
DEFERRED FINANCING COSTS
Costs incurred to obtain debt financing are deferred and amortized over the
estimated term of the related borrowing. Amortization of $3.9, $6.1, and
$5.6 is included in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 1998,
1997, and 1996, respectively.
FOREIGN CURRENCY
The Company uses the United States dollar as the functional currency for
its foreign operations.
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Hedging transactions using derivative financial instruments are primarily
designed to mitigate KACC's exposure to changes in prices for certain of
the products which KACC sells and consumes and, to a lesser extent, to
mitigate KACC's exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
KACC does not utilize derivative financial instruments for trading or other
speculative purposes. KACC's derivative activities are initiated within
guidelines established by management and approved by KACC's and the
Company's boards of directors. Hedging transactions are executed centrally
on behalf of all of KACC's business segments to minimize transaction costs,
monitor consolidated net exposures and allow for increased responsiveness
to changes in market factors.
Most of KACC's hedging activities involve the use of option contracts
(which establish a maximum and/or minimum amount to be paid or received)
and forward sales contracts (which effectively fix or lock-in the amount
KACC will pay or receive). Option contracts typically require the payment
of an up-front premium in return for the right to receive the amount (if
any) by which the price at the settlement date exceeds the strike price.
Any interim fluctuations in prices prior to the settlement date are
deferred until the settlement date of the underlying hedged transaction, at
which point they are reflected in net sales or cost of sales (as
applicable) together with the related premium cost. Forward sales
contracts do not require an up-front payment and are settled by the receipt
or payment of the amount by which the price at the settlement date varies
from the contract price. No accounting recognition is accorded to interim
fluctuations in prices of forward sales contracts.
KACC has established margin accounts and credit limits with certain
counterparties related to open forward sales and option contracts. When
unrealized gains or losses are in excess of such credit limits, KACC is
entitled to receive advances from the counterparties on open positions or
is required to make margin deposits to counterparties, as the case may be.
At December 31, 1998, KACC had received $9.9 of margin advances from
counterparties. At December 31, 1997, KACC had neither received nor made
any margin deposits. Management considers credit risk related to possible
failure of the counterparties to perform their obligations pursuant to the
derivative contracts to be minimal.
Deferred gains or losses as of December 31, 1998, are included in Prepaid
expenses and other current assets and Other accrued liabilities (See Note
10).
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company estimates the fair value of its outstanding indebtedness to be
$950.0 and $1,020.0 at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively, based on
quoted market prices for KACC's 9-7/8% Senior Notes due 2002 (the "9-7/8%
Notes"), 12-3/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2003 (the "12-3/4% Notes"),
and 10-7/8% Senior Notes due 2006 (the "10-7/8% Notes"), and the discounted
future cash flows for all other indebtedness, using the current rate for
debt of similar maturities and terms. The Company believes that the
carrying amount of other financial instruments is a reasonable estimate of
their fair value, unless otherwise noted.
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic - Earnings per share is computed by deducting preferred stock
dividends from net income (loss) in order to determine net income (loss)
available to common shareholders. This amount is then divided by the
weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period,
including the weighted average impact of the shares of common stock issued
during the year from the date(s) of issuance.
Diluted - Diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 1998,
and 1997 include the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options (41,000
and 161,000 shares, respectively). The impact of outstanding stock options
was excluded from the computation for the year ended December 31, 1996, as
its effect would have been antidilutive. The Company's 8.255% PRIDES,
Convertible Preferred Stock ("PRIDES"), outstanding as of December 31,
1996, have not been treated "as if" converted for purposes of the Diluted
computation in the period ended December 31, 1996, as such treatment would
have been antidilutive.
LABOR RELATED COSTS
The Company is currently operating five of its U.S. facilities with
salaried employees and other workers as a result of the September 30, 1998,
strike by the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) and the subsequent
"lock-out" by the Company in January 1999. For purposes of computing the
benefit related costs and liabilities to be reflected in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 1998
(such as pension and other postretirement benefit costs/liabilities), the
Company has based its accruals on the terms of the previously existing
(expired) USWA contract. Any differences between the amounts accrued and
the amounts ultimately agreed to during the collective bargaining process
will be reflected in future results during the term of any new contract.
All incremental operating costs incurred as a result of the USWA strike and
subsequent lockout are being expensed as incurred. Such costs totaled
approximately $50.0 during 1998 (approximately $40.0 of which were incurred
in the fourth quarter). The Company's fourth quarter 1998 results also
reflect reduced profitability of approximately $10.0 resulting from the
strike-related curtailment of three potlines (representing approximately
70,000 tons* of annual capacity) at the Company's Mead and Tacoma,
Washington, smelters and certain other shipment delays experienced at the
other affected facilities at the outset of the USWA strike.
2. INVESTMENTS IN AND ADVANCES TO UNCONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES
Summary combined financial information is provided below for unconsolidated
aluminum investments, most of which supply and process raw materials. The
investees are Queensland Alumina Limited ("QAL") (28.3% owned), Anglesey
Aluminium Limited ("Anglesey") (49.0% owned), and Kaiser Jamaica Bauxite
Company (49.0% owned). The equity in income (loss) before income taxes of
such operations is treated as a reduction (increase) in cost of products
sold. At December 31, 1998 and 1997, KACC's net receivable from these
affiliates were not material. The summary combined financial information
for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997, also contains the balances
and results of AKW L.P.("AKW") (50.0% owned), an aluminum wheels joint
- ------------
* All references to tons in this report refer to metric tons of 2,204.6
pounds.
venture formed with a third party in May 1997. (See Note 4). During early
1999, the Company signed a letter of intent to sell its interest in AKW.
(See Note 12).
SUMMARY OF COMBINED FINANCIAL POSITION
December 31,
------------------------------
1998 1997
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current assets $ 356.0 $ 393.0
Long-term assets (primarily property, plant, and equipment, net) 393.9 395.0
-------------- --------------
Total assets $ 749.9 $ 788.0
============== ==============
Current liabilities $ 92.2 $ 117.1
Long-term liabilities (primarily long-term debt) 396.6 400.8
Stockholders' equity 261.1 270.1
-------------- --------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 749.9 $ 788.0
============== ==============
SUMMARY OF COMBINED OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net sales $ 659.2 $ 644.1 $ 660.5
Costs and expenses (651.7) (637.8) (631.5)
Provision for income taxes (2.7) (8.2) (8.7)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Net income (loss) $ 4.8 $ (1.9) $ 20.3
============== ============== ==============
Company's equity in income $ 5.4 $ 2.9 $ 8.8
============== ============== ==============
Dividends received $ 5.5 $ 10.7 $ 11.8
============== ============== ==============
The Company's equity in income differs from the summary net income (loss)
due to varying percentage ownerships in the entities and equity method
accounting adjustments. At December 31, 1998, KACC's investment in its
unconsolidated affiliates exceeded its equity in their net assets by
approximately $18.2 which amount will be fully amortized over the next two
years. Amortization of the excess investment totaling $10.0, $11.4, and
$11.6 is included in Depreciation and amortization for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
The Company and its affiliates have interrelated operations. KACC provides
some of its affiliates with services such as financing, management, and
engineering. Significant activities with affiliates include the acquisition
and processing of bauxite, alumina, and primary aluminum. Purchases from
these affiliates were $235.1, $245.2, and $281.6 in the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
3. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT
The major classes of property, plant, and equipment are as follows:
December 31,
------------------------------
1998 1997
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Land and improvements $ 164.1 $ 163.9
Buildings 229.5 228.3
Machinery and equipment 1,549.5 1,529.1
Construction in progress 43.8 51.2
-------------- --------------
1,986.9 1,972.5
Accumulated depreciation (878.2) (800.7)
-------------- --------------
Property, plant, and equipment, net $ 1,108.7 $ 1,171.8
============== ==============
During the fourth quarter of 1998, KACC decided to seek a strategic partner
for further development and deployment of its Micromill(TM) technology. While
technological progress has been good, management concluded that additional
time and investment will be required to achieve commercial success. Given
the Company's other strategic priorities, the Company believes that
bringing in added commercial and financial resources is the appropriate
course of action for capturing the maximum long-term value. This change in
strategic course required a different accounting treatment, and the Company
correspondingly recorded a $45.0 impairment charge to reduce the carrying
value of the Micromill assets to approximately $25.0.
During June 1997, Kaiser Bellwood Corporation, a newly formed, wholly owned
subsidiary of KACC, completed the acquisition of Reynolds Metals Company's
Richmond, Virginia, extrusion plant and its existing inventories for a
total purchase price of $41.6, consisting of cash payments of $38.4 and the
assumption of approximately $3.2 of employee related and other liabilities.
Upon completion of the transaction, Kaiser Bellwood Corporation became a
subsidiary guarantor under the indentures in respect of the 9-7/8% Notes,
10-7/8% Notes, and the 12-3/4% Notes. (See Note 5.)
4. RESTRUCTURING OF OPERATIONS
During the second quarter of 1997, the Company recorded a $19.7
restructuring charge to reflect actions taken and plans initiated to
achieve reduced production costs, decreased corporate selling, general and
administrative expenses, and enhanced product mix. The significant
components of the restructuring charge were: (i) a net loss of
approximately $1.4 as a result of the contribution of certain net assets of
KACC's Erie, Pennsylvania, fabrication plant in connection with the
formation of AKW and the subsequent decision to close the remainder of the
Erie plant in order to consolidate its forging operations into two other
facilities; (ii) a charge of $15.6 associated with asset dispositions
regarding product rationalization and geographical optimization; and (iii)
a charge of approximately $2.7 for benefit and other costs associated with
the consolidation or elimination of certain corporate and other staff
functions.
5. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt and its maturity schedule are as follows:
2004 December 31,
----------------
and 1998 1997
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 After Total Total
- ----------------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------
Credit Agreement - -
9-7/8% Senior Notes due 2002, net $ 224.4 $ 224.4 $ 224.2
10-7/8% Senior Notes due 2006, net $ 225.7 225.7 225.8
12-3/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due
2003 $ 400.0 400.0 400.0
Alpart CARIFA Loans - (fixed and
variable rates) due 2007, 2008 60.0 60.0 60.0
Other borrowings (fixed and variable
rates) $ .4 $ .3$ .3 .3 .3 51.3 52.9 61.7
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total $ .4 $ .3$ .3 $ 224.7$ 400.3 $ 337.0 963.0 971.7
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Less current portion .4 8.8
------- -------
Long-term debt $ 962.6 $ 962.9
======= =======
CREDIT AGREEMENT
In February 1994, the Company and KACC entered into a credit agreement (as
amended, the "Credit Agreement") which provides a $325.0 secured, revolving
line of credit through August 2001. KACC is able to borrow under the
facility by means of revolving credit advances and letters of credit (up to
$125.0) in an aggregate amount equal to the lesser of $325.0 or a borrowing
base relating to eligible accounts receivable and eligible inventory. As
of February 28, 1999, $274.1 (of which $74.1 could have been used for
letters of credit) was available to KACC under the Credit Agreement. The
Credit Agreement is unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and by
certain significant subsidiaries of KACC. Interest on any outstanding
balances will bear a premium (which varies based on the results of a
financial test) over either a base rate or LIBOR, at KACC's option.
LOAN COVENANTS AND RESTRICTIONS
The Credit Agreement requires KACC to comply with certain financial
covenants and places restrictions on the Company's and KACC's ability to,
among other things, incur debt and liens, make investments, pay dividends,
undertake transactions with affiliates, make capital expenditures, and
enter into unrelated lines of business. The Credit Agreement is secured
by, among other things, (i) mortgages on KACC's major domestic plants
(excluding KACC's Gramercy alumina plant and Micromill facility); (ii)
subject to certain exceptions, liens on the accounts receivable, inventory,
equipment, domestic patents and trademarks, and substantially all other
personal property of KACC and certain of its subsidiaries; (iii) a pledge
of all the stock of KACC owned by Kaiser; and (iv) pledges of all of the
stock of a number of KACC's wholly owned domestic subsidiaries, pledges of
a portion of the stock of certain foreign subsidiaries, and pledges of a
portion of the stock of certain partially owned foreign affiliates.
The obligations of KACC with respect to its 9-7/8% Notes, its 10-7/8% Notes
and its 12-3/4% Notes are guaranteed, jointly and severally, by certain
subsidiaries of KACC. The indentures governing the 9-7/8% Notes, the
10-7/8% Notes and the 12-3/4% Notes (collectively, the "Indentures")
restrict, among other things, KACC's ability to incur debt, undertake
transactions with affiliates, and pay dividends. Further, the Indentures
provide that KACC must offer to purchase the 9-7/8% Notes, the 10-7/8%
Notes and the 12-3/4% Notes, respectively, upon the occurrence of a Change
of Control (as defined therein), and the Credit Agreement provides that the
occurrence of a Change in Control (as defined therein) shall constitute an
Event of Default thereunder.
Under the most restrictive of the covenants in the Credit Agreement,
neither the Company nor KACC currently is permitted to pay dividends on
its common stock.
In December 1991, Alumina Partners of Jamaica ("Alpart") entered into a
loan agreement with the Caribbean Basin Projects Financing Authority
("CARIFA"). Alpart's obligations under the loan agreement are secured by
two letters of credit aggregating $64.2. KACC is a party to one of the two
letters of credit in the amount of $41.7 in respect of its ownership
interest in Alpart. Alpart has also agreed to indemnify bondholders of
CARIFA for certain tax payments that could result from events, as defined,
that adversely affect the tax treatment of the interest income on the
bonds.
RESTRICTED NET ASSETS OF SUBSIDIARIES
Certain debt instruments restrict the ability of KACC to transfer assets,
make loans and advances, and pay dividends to the Company. The restricted
net assets of KACC totaled $124.4 and $121.9 at December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
CAPITALIZED INTEREST
Interest capitalized in 1998, 1997, and 1996, was $3.0, $6.6, and $4.9,
respectively.
6. INCOME TAXES
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interests by geographic area
is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Domestic $ (93.6) $ (112.6) $ (45.8)
Foreign 77.7 172.9 47.5
-------------- -------------- --------------
Total $ (15.9) $ 60.3 $ 1.7
============== ============== ==============
Income taxes are classified as either domestic or foreign, based on whether
payment is made or due to the United States or a foreign country. Certain
income classified as foreign is also subject to domestic income taxes.
The (provision) benefit for income taxes on income (loss) before income
taxes and minority interests consists of:
Federal Foreign State Total
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 Current $ (1.8) $ (16.5) $ (.2) $ (18.5)
Deferred 44.4 (12.5) 3.0 34.9
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Total $ 42.6 $ (29.0) $ 2.8 $ 16.4
============== ============== ============== ==============
1997 Current $ (2.0) $ (28.7) $ (.2) $ (30.9)
Deferred 30.5 (7.0) (1.4) 22.1
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Total $ 28.5 $ (35.7) $ (1.6) $ (8.8)
============== ============== ============== ==============
1996 Current $ (1.6) $ (21.8) $ (.1) $ (23.5)
Deferred 8.6 7.6 16.6 32.8
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Total $ 7.0 $ (14.2) $ 16.5 $ 9.3
============== ============== ============== ==============
A reconciliation between the benefit (provision) for income taxes and the
amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to income
before income taxes and minority interests is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amount of federal income tax benefit (provision)based on the
statutory rate $ 5.6 $ (21.1) $ (.6)
Revision of prior years' tax estimates and other changes in
valuation allowances 8.3 12.5 10.0
Percentage depletion 3.2 4.2 3.9
Foreign taxes, net of federal tax benefit (1.9) (3.1) (5.5)
Other 1.2 (1.3) 1.5
-------------- -------------- --------------
Benefit (provision) for income taxes $ 16.4 $ (8.8) $ 9.3
============== ============== ==============
Included in revision of prior years' tax estimates and other changes in
valuation allowances for 1998, 1997 and 1996 shown above are $8.3, $12.5
and $9.8, respectively, related to the resolution of certain income tax
matters.
The components of the Company's net deferred income tax assets are as
follows:
December 31,
------------------------------
1998 1997
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred income tax assets:
Postretirement benefits other than pensions $ 279.4 $ 288.9
Loss and credit carryforwards 92.0 99.3
Other liabilities 146.4 169.3
Other 132.8 102.0
Valuation allowances (107.7) (113.3)
-------------- --------------
Total deferred income tax assets-net 542.9 546.2
-------------- --------------
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property, plant, and equipment (109.9) (139.7)
Other (54.8) (54.8)
-------------- --------------
Total deferred income tax liabilities (164.7) (194.5)
-------------- --------------
Net deferred income tax assets $ 378.2 $ 351.7
============== ==============
The principal component of the Company's net deferred income tax assets is
the tax benefit, net of certain valuation allowances, associated with the
accrued liability for postretirement benefits other than pensions. The
future tax deductions with respect to the turnaround of this accrual will
occur over a 30-to-40-year period. If such deductions create or increase a
net operating loss, the Company has the ability to carry forward such loss
for 20 taxable years. For these reasons, the Company believes that a
long-term view of profitability is appropriate and has concluded that
this net deferred income tax asset will more likely than not be realized.
A substantial portion of the valuation allowances provided by the Company
relates to loss and credit carryforwards. To determine the proper amount
of valuation allowances with respect to these carryforwards, the Company
evaluated all appropriate factors, including any limitations concerning
their use and the year the carryforwards expire, as well as the levels of
taxable income necessary for utilization. With regard to future levels of
income, the Company believes, based on the cyclical nature of its business,
its history of operating earnings, and its expectations for future years,
that it will more likely than not generate sufficient taxable income to
realize the benefit attributable to the loss and credit carryforwards for
which valuation allowances were not provided.
As of December 31, 1998 and 1997, $46.2 and $53.7, respectively, of the net
deferred income tax assets listed above are included in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets in the caption entitled Prepaid expenses and other current
assets. Certain other portions of the deferred income tax liabilities
listed above are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the
captions entitled Other accrued liabilities and Long-term liabilities.
The Company and its domestic subsidiaries file consolidated federal income
tax returns. During the period from October 28, 1988, through June 30,
1993, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries were included in the
consolidated federal income tax returns of MAXXAM. During 1997 MAXXAM
reached a settlement with the Internal Revenue Service regarding all
remaining years where the Company and its subsidiaries were included in the
MAXXAM consolidated federal income tax returns. As a result of this
settlement, KACC paid $11.8 to MAXXAM during 1997, in respect of its
liabilities pursuant to its tax allocation agreement with MAXXAM. Payments
or refunds for periods prior to July 1, 1993, related to other
jurisdictions could still be required pursuant to the Company's and KACC's
respective tax allocation agreements with MAXXAM. In accordance with the
Credit Agreement, any such payments to MAXXAM by KACC would require lender
approval, except in certain specific circumstances. The tax allocation
agreements of the Company and KACC with MAXXAM terminated pursuant to their
terms, effective for taxable periods beginning after June 30, 1993.
At December 31, 1998, the Company had certain tax attributes available to
offset regular federal income tax requirements, subject to certain
limitations, including net operating loss and general business credit
carryforwards of $28.2 and $4.9, respectively, which expire periodically
through 2012 and 2011, respectively, foreign tax credit ("FTC")
carryforwards of $48.4, which expire periodically through 2003, and
alternative minimum tax ("AMT") credit carryforwards of $23.4, which have
an indefinite life. The Company also has AMT net operating loss and FTC
carryforwards of $6.2 and $87.2, respectively, available, subject to
certain limitations, to offset future alternative minimum taxable income,
which expire periodically through 2011 and 2003, respectively.
7. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT AND INCENTIVE PLANS
In the fourth quarter of 1998 the Company adopted Statement of Financial
Accounting Standard No. 132, Employers' Disclosures about Pensions and
Other Postretirement Benefits ("SFAS No. 132") which amends FASB Statements
No's. 87, 88, and 106. SFAS No. 132 revises the disclosure requirements
related to pension and other postretirement benefits, but has no impact on
the computation of the reported amounts. Prior year disclosures have been
reformatted to comply with SFAS No. 132's guidelines.
PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
Retirement plans are non-contributory for salaried and hourly employees and
generally provide for benefits based on a formula which considers length of
service and earnings during years of service. The Company's funding
policies meet or exceed all regulatory requirements.
The Company and its subsidiaries provide postretirement health care and
life insurance benefits to eligible retired employees and their dependents.
Substantially all employees may become eligible for those benefits if they
reach retirement age while still working for the Company or its
subsidiaries. The Company has not funded the liability for these benefits
which are expected to be paid out of cash generated by operations. The
Company reserves the right, subject to applicable collective bargaining
agreements, to amend or terminate these benefits.
Assumptions used to value obligations at year-end and to determine the net
periodic benefit cost in the subsequent year are:
Pension Benefits Medical/Life Benefits
---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Weighted-average assumptions as of December 31,
Discount rate 7.00% 7.25% 7.75% 7.00% 7.25% 7.75%
Expected return on plan assets 9.50% 9.50% 9.50% - - -
Rate of compensation increase 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 4.00% 5.00% 5.00%
In 1998 annual assumed rates of increase in the per capita cost of covered
benefits (i.e. health care cost trend rate) for non-HMO participants are
6.5% and 5.0% for HMO at all ages. The assumed rate of increase for
non-HMO participants is assumed to decline gradually to 5.0% in 2003 and
remain at that level thereafter.
The following table presents the funded status of the Company's pension and
other postretirement benefit plans as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and
the corresponding amounts that are included in the Company's Consolidated
Balance Sheets:
Pension Benefits Medical/Life Benefits
------------------------------ ------------------------------
1998 1997 1998 1997
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Change in Benefit Obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 873.0 $ 816.2 $ 544.5 $ 602.8
Service cost 14.2 13.4 4.2 6.1
Interest cost 59.7 61.6 37.5 44.8
Currency exchange rate change (.4) (6.0) - -
Curtailments, settlements and amendments (4.6) - 4.0 -
Actuarial (gain) loss 15.2 65.5 72.0 (66.3)
Benefits paid (84.6) (77.7) (45.4) (42.9)
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Benefit obligation at end of year 872.5 873.0 616.8 544.5
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Change in Plan Assets:
FMV of plan assets at beginning of year 756.9 662.0 - -
Actual return on assets 106.8 131.9 - -
Settlements (5.5) - - -
Employer contributions 28.2 40.7 45.4 42.9
Benefits paid (84.6) (77.7) (45.4) (42.9)
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
FMV of plan assets at end of year 801.8 756.9 - -
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Benefit obligations in excess of plan assets 70.7 116.1 616.8 544.5
Unrecognized net actuarial (gain) loss 23.8 - 55.9 135.0
Unrecognized prior service costs (18.5) (22.2) 69.8 86.1
Intangible asset and other 4.3 5.4 - -
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Accrued benefit liability $ 80.3 $ 99.3 $ 742.5 $ 765.6
============== ============== ============== ==============
Pension Benefits Medical/Life Benefits
--------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs:
Service cost $ 14.2 $ 13.4 $ 12.9 $ 4.2 $ 6.1 $ 3.8
Interest cost 59.7 61.6 60.0 37.5 44.8 46.9
Expected return on assets (69.4) (61.8) (55.0) - - -
Amortization of prior service cost 3.2 3.4 3.5 (12.4) (12.4) (12.4)
Recognized net actuarial (gain) loss 1.4 2.6 2.0 (7.1) (.9) -
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net periodic benefit cost 9.1 19.2 23.4 22.2 37.6 38.3
Curtailments, settlements, etc. 3.2 3.7 2.0 - - -
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Adjusted net periodic benefit costs $ 12.3 $ 22.9 $ 25.4 $ 22.2 $ 37.6 $ 38.3
============ ============ ============ ============ ============ ============
The aggregate fair value of plan assets and accumulated benefit obligation
for pension plans with plan assets in excess of accumulated benefit
obligations were $293.0 and $280.7, respectively, as of December 31, 1998,
and $287.8 and $283.4, respectively, as of December 31, 1997.
Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the
amounts reported for the health care plan. A one-percentage-point change
in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:
1% Increase 1% Decrease
-------------- --------------
Increase (decrease) to total of service and interest cost $ 5.8 $ (4.3)
Increase (decrease) to the postretirement benefit obligation $ 64.3 $ (45.4)
POSTEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
The Company provides certain benefits to former or inactive employees after
employment but before retirement.
INCENTIVE PLANS
The Company has an unfunded incentive compensation program, which provides
incentive compensation based on performance against annual plans and over
rolling three-year periods. In addition, the Company has a "nonqualified"
stock option plan and KACC has a defined contribution plan for salaried
employees. The Company's expense for all of these plans was $7.5, $8.3,
and $(2.1) for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996,
respectively.
Up to 8,000,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock were reserved for
issuance under its stock incentive compensation plans. At December 31,
1998, 3,634,621 shares of Common Stock remained available for issuance
under those plans. Stock options granted pursuant to the Company's
nonqualified stock option program are granted at the prevailing market
price, generally vest at a rate of 20 - 33% per year, and have a five or
ten year term. Information concerning nonqualified stock option plan
activity is shown below. The weighted average price per share for each
year is shown parenthetically.
1998 1997 1996
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at beginning of year ($10.45, $10.33, and
$10.32) 819,752 890,395 926,085
Granted ($9.79 and $10.06) 2,263,170 15,092 -
Exercised ($7.25, $8.33, and $8.99) (10,640) (48,410) (8,275)
Expired or forfeited ($9.60, $10.12, and $10.45) (23,160) (37,325) (27,415)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Outstanding at end of year ($9.98, $10.45, and $10.33) 3,049,122 819,752 890,395
============== ============== ==============
Exercisable at end of year ($10.09, $10.53, and $10.47) 1,261,262 601,115 436,195
============== ============== ==============
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123,
Accounting for Stock Based Compensation ("SFAS No. 123"), the Company is
required to calculate pro forma compensation cost for all stock options
granted subsequent to December 31, 1994. No stock options were granted
during 1996. However, as shown in the table above, options were granted in
1998 and 1997 which would be subject to the pro forma calculation
requirements. For SFAS No. 123 purposes, the fair value of the 1998 and
1997 stock option grants were estimated using a Black-Scholes option
pricing model. The proforma after-tax effect of the estimated fair value
of the grants would be to reduce net income in 1998 and 1997 by $1.5 and
$.1, respectively.
8. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY, COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND MINORITY INTERESTS
Changes in stockholders' equity and comprehensive income were:
Additional
Accu- Minimum
Preferred Common Additional mulated Pension
Stock Stock Capital Deficit Liability Total
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1995 $ .4 $ .7 $ 530.3 $ (459.9) $ (13.8) $ 57.7
Net income 8.2 8.2
Minimum pension liability
adjustment, net of tax 11.0 11.0
----------
Comprehensive income 19.2
Common stock issued upon redemption
and conversion of preferred
stock .1 .1
Dividends on preferred stock (8.4) (8.4)
Incentive plan accretion .7 .7
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1996 .4 .7 531.1 (460.1) (2.8) 69.3
Net income 48.0 48.0
Minimum pension liability
adjustment, net of tax 2.8 2.8
----------
Comprehensive income 50.8
Common stock issued upon redemption
and conversion of preferred
stock (.4) .1 1.7 1.4
Stock options exercised .4 .4
Dividends on preferred stock (5.5) (5.5)
Incentive plan accretion .6 .6
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1997 - .8 533.8 (417.6) - 117.0
Net income/Comprehensive income .6 .6
Stock options exercised .1 .1
Incentive plan accretion 1.5 1.5
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1998 $ - $ .8 $ 535.4 $ (417.0) $ - $ 119.2
========== ========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Changes in minority interest were:
1998 1997 1996
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Redeemable Redeemable Redeemable
Preference Preference Preference
Stock Other Stock Other Stock Other
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beginning of period balance $ 27.7 $ 100.0 $ 27.5 $ 94.2 $ 29.7 $ 93.0
Redeemable preference stock
Accretion 1.1 2.3 3.1
Stock redemption (8.7) (2.1) (5.3)
Minority interests 3.4 5.8 1.2
-------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
End of period balance $ 20.1 $ 103.4 $ 27.7 $ 100.0 $ 27.5 $ 94.2
============== ============== ============== ============== ============== ==============
REDEEMABLE PREFERENCE STOCK
In 1985, KACC issued its Cumulative (1985 Series A) Preference Stock and
its Cumulative (1985 Series B) Preference Stock (together, the "Redeemable
Preference Stock") each of which has a par value of $1 per share and a
liquidation and redemption value of $50 per share plus accrued dividends,
if any. No additional Redeemable Preference Stock is expected to be
issued. Holders of the Redeemable Preference Stock are entitled to an
annual cash dividend of $5 per share, or an amount based on a formula tied
to KACC's pre-tax income from aluminum operations, when and as declared by
the Board of Directors.
The carrying values of the Redeemable Preference Stock are increased each
year to recognize accretion between the fair value (at which the Redeemable
Preference Stock was originally issued) and the redemption value. Changes
in Redeemable Preference Stock are shown below.
1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares:
Beginning of year 595,053 634,684 737,363
Redeemed (173,478) (39,631) (102,679)
-------------- -------------- --------------
End of year 421,575 595,053 634,684
============== ============== ==============
Redemption fund agreements require KACC to make annual payments by March 31
of the subsequent year based on a formula tied to consolidated net income
until the redemption funds are sufficient to redeem all of the Redeemable
Preference Stock. On an annual basis, the minimum payment is $4.3 and the
maximum payment is $7.3. KACC also has certain additional repurchase
requirements which are, among other things, based upon profitability tests.
The Redeemable Preference Stock is entitled to the same voting rights as
KACC common stock and to certain additional voting rights under certain
circumstances, including the right to elect, along with other KACC
preference stockholders, two directors whenever accrued dividends have not
been paid on two annual dividend payment dates or when accrued dividends in
an amount equivalent to six full quarterly dividends are in arrears. The
Redeemable Preference Stock restricts the ability of KACC to redeem or pay
dividends on its common stock if KACC is in default on any dividends
payable on Redeemable Preference Stock.
PREFERENCE STOCK
KACC has four series of $100 par value Cumulative Convertible Preference
Stock ("$100 Preference Stock") with annual dividend requirements of
between 4-1/8% and 4-3/4%. KACC has the option to redeem the $100
Preference Stock at par value plus accrued dividends. KACC does not intend
to issue any additional shares of the $100 Preference Stock.
The $100 Preference Stock can be exchanged for per share cash amounts
between $69 - $80. KACC records the $100 Preference Stock at their
exchange amounts for financial statement presentation and the Company
includes such amounts in minority interests. At December 31, 1998 and
1997, outstanding shares of $100 Preference Stock were 19,963 and 20,543,
respectively.
PREFERRED STOCK
PRIDES Convertible - During August 1997, the remaining 8,673,850
outstanding shares of PRIDES were converted into 7,227,848 shares of Common
Stock pursuant to the terms of the PRIDES Certificate of Designations.
Further, in accordance with the PRIDES Certificate of Designations, no
dividends were paid or payable for the period June 30, 1997, to, but not
including, the date of conversion. However, in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, the $1.3 of accrued dividends attributable
to the period June 30, 1997, to, but not including, the conversion date
were treated as an increase in Additional capital at the date of conversion
and were reflected as a reduction of Net income available to common
shareholders.
PLEDGED SHARES
From time to time MAXXAM or certain of its subsidiaries which own the
Company's Common Stock may use such stock as collateral under various
financing arrangements. At December 31, 1998, 27,938,250 shares of the
Company's Common Stock beneficially owned by MAXXAM Group Holdings Inc.
("MGHI"), a wholly owned subsidiary of MAXXAM, were pledged as security for
$130.0 principal amount of 12% Senior Secured Notes due 2003 issued in
December 1996 by MGHI. An additional 7,915,000 shares of the Company's
Common Stock were pledged by MAXXAM under a separate agreement under which
$16.0 had been borrowed by MAXXAM at December 31, 1998. In addition to the
foregoing, MAXXAM has agreed to secure each $1.0 of borrowings with 400,000
shares of the Company's Common Stock under the terms of another $25.0
credit facility ($2.5 outstanding at December 31, 1998).
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
COMMITMENTS
KACC has a variety of financial commitments, including purchase agreements,
tolling arrangements, forward foreign exchange and forward sales contracts
(see Note 10), letters of credit, and guarantees. Such purchase agreements
and tolling arrangements include long-term agreements for the purchase and
tolling of bauxite into alumina in Australia by QAL. These obligations
expire in 2008. Under the agreements, KACC is unconditionally obligated to
pay its proportional share of debt, operating costs, and certain other
costs of QAL. KACC's share of the aggregate minimum amount of required
future principal payments at December 31, 1998, is $97.6, of which
approximately $12.0 is due in each of 2000 and 2001 with the balance being
due thereafter. KACC's share of payments, including operating costs and
certain other expenses under the agreements, has ranged between $100.0 -
$120.0 over the past three years. KACC also has agreements to supply
alumina to and to purchase aluminum from Anglesey.
Minimum rental commitments under operating leases at December 31, 1998, are
as follows: years ending December 31, 1999 - $35.8; 2000 - $33.4; 2001 -
$31.1; 2002 - $27.3; 2003 - $26.1; thereafter - $114.7. The future minimum
rentals receivable under noncancelable subleases was $73.5 at December 31,
1998.
Rental expenses were $34.5, $30.4, and $29.6, for the years ended December
31, 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTINGENCIES
The Company and KACC are subject to a number of environmental laws, to
fines or penalties assessed for alleged breaches of the environmental laws,
and to claims and litigation based upon such laws. KACC currently is
subject to a number of lawsuits under the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended by the
Superfund Amendments Reauthorization Act of 1986 ("CERCLA"), and, along
with certain other entities, has been named as a potentially responsible
party for remedial costs at certain third-party sites listed on the
National Priorities List under CERCLA.
Based on the Company's evaluation of these and other environmental matters,
the Company has established environmental accruals, primarily related to
potential solid waste disposal and soil and groundwater remediation
matters. The following table presents the changes in such accruals, which
are primarily included in Long-term liabilities, for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996:
1998 1997 1996
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at beginning of period $ 29.7 $ 33.3 $ 38.9
Additional accruals 24.5 2.0 3.2
Less expenditures (3.5) (5.6) (8.8)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Balance at end of period $ 50.7 $ 29.7 $ 33.3
============== ============== ==============
These environmental accruals represent the Company's estimate of costs
reasonably expected to be incurred based on presently enacted laws and
regulations, currently available facts, existing technology, and the
Company's assessment of the likely remediation action to be taken. The
Company expects that these remediation actions will be taken over the next
several years and estimates that annual expenditures to be charged to these
environmental accruals will be approximately $3.0 to $8.0 for the years
1999 through 2003 and an aggregate of approximately $29.0 thereafter.
As additional facts are developed and definitive remediation plans and
necessary regulatory approvals for implementation of remediation are
established or alternative technologies are developed, changes in these and
other factors may result in actual costs exceeding the current
environmental accruals. As the resolution of these matters is subject to
further regulatory review and approval, no specific assurance can be given
as to when the factors upon which a substantial portion of this estimate is
based can be expected to be resolved. However, the Company is currently
working to resolve certain of these matters.
The Company believes that it has insurance coverage available to recover
certain incurred and future environmental costs and is actively pursuing
claims in this regard. Through September 30, 1998, no accruals were made
for any such insurance recoveries. However, during December 1998, KACC
received recoveries totaling approximately $35.0 from certain of its
insurers related to current and future claims. Based on the Company's
analysis, a total of $12.0 of such recoveries was allocable to previously
accrued (expensed) items and, therefore, was reflected in earnings during
the fourth quarter of 1998. The remaining recoveries were offset against
increases in the total amount of environmental reserves. No assurances can
be given that the Company will be successful in other attempts to recover
incurred or future costs from other insurers or that the amount of
recoveries received will ultimately be adequate to cover costs incurred.
While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of these
environmental matters, and it is presently impossible to determine the
actual costs that ultimately may be incurred, management currently believes
that the resolution of such uncertainties should not have a material
adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of
operations, or liquidity.
ASBESTOS CONTINGENCIES
KACC is a defendant in a number of lawsuits, some of which involve claims
of multiple persons, in which the plaintiffs allege that certain of their
injuries were caused by, among other things, exposure to asbestos during,
and as a result of, their employment or association with KACC or exposure
to products containing asbestos produced or sold by KACC. The lawsuits
generally relate to products KACC has not sold for at least 20 years.
The following table presents the changes in number of such claims pending
for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996.
1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of claims at beginning of period 77,400 71,100 59,700
Claims received 22,900 15,600 21,100
Claims settled or dismissed (13,900) (9,300) (9,700)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Number of claims at end of period 86,400 77,400 71,100
============== ============== ==============
The foregoing claims and settlement figures as of December 31, 1998, do not
reflect the fact that KACC has reached agreements under which it will
settle approximately 30,000 of the pending asbestos-related claims over an
extended period.
Based on past experience and reasonably anticipated future activity, the
Company has established an accrual for estimated asbestos-related costs for
claims filed and estimated to be filed through 2008. There are inherent
uncertainties involved in estimating asbestos-related costs, and the
Company's actual costs could exceed these estimates. The Company's accrual
was calculated based on the current and anticipated number of asbestos-related
claims, the prior timing and amounts of asbestos-related payments, and the
advice of Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut Klein & Nash, P.A., with respect to the
current state of the law related to asbestos claims. Accordingly, an
estimated asbestos-related cost accrual of $186.2, before consideration of
insurance recoveries, is included primarily in Long-term liabilities at
December 31, 1998. While the Company does not presently believe there
is a reasonable basis for estimating such costs beyond 2008 and, accordingly,
no accrual has been recorded for such costs which may be incurred beyond
2008, there is a reasonable possibility that such costs may continue beyond
2008, and such costs may be substantial. The Company estimates that annual
future cash payments in connection with such litigation will be
approximately $16.0 to $28.0 for each of the years 1999 through 2003, and
an aggregate of approximately $77.0 thereafter.
The Company believes that KACC has insurance coverage available to recover
a substantial portion of its asbestos-related costs. Although the Company
has settled asbestos-related coverage matters with certain of its insurance
carriers, other carriers have not yet agreed to settlements. The timing
and amount of future recoveries from these insurance carriers will depend
on the pace of claims review and processing by such carriers and on the
resolution of any disputes regarding coverage under such policies. The
Company believes that substantial recoveries from the insurance carriers
are probable. The Company reached this conclusion after considering its
prior insurance-related recoveries in respect of asbestos-related claims;
its existing insurance policies; and the advise of Heller Ehrman White &
McAuliffe with respect to applicable insurance coverage law relating to the
terms and conditions of those policies. Accordingly, an estimated
aggregate insurance recovery of $152.5, determined on the same basis as the
asbestos-related cost accrual, is recorded primarily in Other assets at
December 31, 1998.
Management continues to monitor claims activity, the status of lawsuits
(including settlement initiatives), legislative progress, and costs
incurred in order to ascertain whether an adjustment to the existing
accruals should be made to the extent that historical experience may differ
significantly from the Company's underlying assumptions. While
uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of these asbestos matters
and it is presently impossible to determine the actual costs that
ultimately may be incurred and insurance recoveries that will be received,
management currently believes that, based on the factors discussed in the
preceding paragraphs, the resolution of asbestos-related uncertainties and
the incurrence of asbestos-related costs net of related insurance
recoveries should not have a material adverse effect on the Company's
consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
LABOR MATTERS
In connection with the USWA strike and subsequent "lock-out" by KACC,
certain allegations of unfair labor practices ("ULPs") have been filed with
the National Labor Relations Board by the USWA and its members. KACC has
responded to all such allegations and believes that they are without merit.
If the allegations were sustained, KACC could be required to make locked-out
employees whole for back wages from the date of the lock-out in January 1999.
While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of such matters, the
Company believes that the resolution of the alleged ULPs should not result in
a material adverse impact on the Company's financial position, results of
operations, or liquidity.
OTHER CONTINGENCIES
The Company or KACC is involved in various other claims, lawsuits, and
other proceedings relating to a wide variety of matters. While
uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of such matters, and it is
presently impossible to determine the actual costs that ultimately may be
incurred, management currently believes that the resolution of such
uncertainties and the incurrence of such costs should not have a material
adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of
operations, or liquidity.
10. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED HEDGING PROGRAMS
At December 31, 1998, the net unrealized gain on KACC's position in
aluminum forward sales and option contracts, natural gas and fuel oil
forward purchase and option contracts, and forward foreign exchange
contracts, was approximately $17.8 (based on comparisons to applicable
year-end published market prices). As KACC's hedging activities are
generally designed to lock-in a specified price or range of prices, gains
or losses on the derivative contracts utilized in these hedging activities
will be offset by losses or gains, respectively, on the transactions being
hedged.
ALUMINA AND ALUMINUM
The Company's earnings are sensitive to changes in the prices of alumina,
primary aluminum and fabricated aluminum products, and also depend to a
significant degree upon the volume and mix of all products sold. Primary
aluminum prices have historically been subject to significant cyclical
price fluctuations. Alumina prices as well as fabricated aluminum product
prices (which vary considerably among products) are significantly
influenced by changes in the price of primary aluminum but generally lag
behind primary aluminum price changes by up to three months. Since 1993,
the Average Midwest United States transaction price for primary aluminum
has ranged from approximately $.50 to $1.00 per pound.
From time to time in the ordinary course of business, KACC enters into
hedging transactions to provide price risk management in respect of the net
exposure of earnings resulting from (i) anticipated sales of alumina,
primary aluminum and fabricated aluminum products, less (ii) expected
purchases of certain items, such as aluminum scrap, rolling ingot, and
bauxite, whose prices fluctuate with the price of primary aluminum.
Forward sales contracts are used by KACC to effectively fix the price that
KACC will receive for its shipments. KACC also uses option contracts (i)
to establish a minimum price for its product shipments, (ii) to establish a
"collar" or range of price for KACC's anticipated sales, and/or (iii) to
permit KACC to realize possible upside price movements. As of December 31,
1998, KACC had sold forward, at fixed prices, approximately 24,000 tons of
primary aluminum with respect to 1999. As of December 31, 1998, KACC had
also entered into option contracts that established a price range for an
additional 125,000 and 72,000 tons of primary aluminum with respect to 1999
and 2000, respectively. Subsequent to December 31, 1998, KACC has also
entered into additional option contracts that established a price range for
an additional 201,000 tons of primary aluminum with respect to 2000.
Additionally, through December 31, 1998, KACC had also entered a series of
transactions with a counterparty that will provide KACC with a premium over
the forward market prices at the date of the transaction for 2,000 tons of
primary aluminum per month during the period July 1999 through June 2001.
KACC also contracted with the counterparty to receive certain fixed prices
(also above the forward market prices at the date of the transaction) on
4,000 tons of primary aluminum per month over a three year period
commencing October 2001, unless market prices during certain periods
decline below a stipulated "floor" price, in which case, the fixed price
sales portion of the transactions terminate. The price at which the
October 2001 and after transactions terminate is well below current market
prices. While the Company believes that the October 2001 and after
transactions are consistent with its stated hedging objectives, these
positions do not qualify for treatment as a "hedge" under current
accounting guidelines. Accordingly, these positions will be "marked to
market" each period.
As of December 31, 1998, KACC had sold forward virtually all of the alumina
available to it in excess of its projected internal smelting requirements
for 1999 and 2000 at prices indexed to future prices of primary aluminum.
ENERGY
KACC is exposed to energy price risk from fluctuating prices for fuel oil
and natural gas consumed in the production process. Accordingly, KACC from
time to time in the ordinary course of business enters into hedging
transactions with major suppliers of energy and energy related financial
instruments. As of December 31, 1998, KACC had a combination of fixed
price purchase and option contracts for the purchase of approximately
33,000 MMBtu of natural gas per day during 1999. At December 31, 1998,
KACC also held a combination of fixed price purchase and option contracts
for an average of 246,000 barrels per month of fuel oil and diesel fuel for
1999.
FOREIGN CURRENCY
KACC enters into forward exchange contracts to hedge material cash
commitments to foreign subsidiaries or affiliates. At December 31, 1998,
KACC had net forward foreign exchange contracts totaling approximately
$141.4 for the purchase of 210.6 Australian dollars from January 1999
through December 2000, in respect of its commitments for 1999 and 2000
expenditures denominated in Australian dollars.
11. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA INFORMATION
The Company's operations are located in many foreign countries, including
Australia, Canada, Ghana, Jamaica, and the United Kingdom. Foreign
operations in general may be more vulnerable than domestic operations due
to a variety of political and other risks. Sales and transfers among
geographic areas are made on a basis intended to reflect the market value
of products.
The Company's operations are organized and managed by product type. The
Company operates in four segments of the aluminum industry: Alumina and
bauxite, Primary aluminum, Flat-rolled products and Engineered products.
The Alumina and bauxite business unit's principal products are smelter
grade alumina and chemical grade alumina hydrate, a value-added product,
for which the Company receives a premium over smelter grade market prices.
The Primary aluminum business unit produces commodity grade products as
well as value-added products such as rod and billet, for which the Company
receives a premium over normal commodity market prices. The Flat-rolled
products group primarily sells rigid container sheet to can manufacturers
as well as value-added products such as heat treat aluminum sheet and plate
which are used in the aerospace and general engineering markets. The
Engineered products business unit serves a wide range of industrial
segments including the automotive, distribution, aerospace and general
engineering markets.
The Company uses a portion of its bauxite, alumina and primary aluminum
production for additional processing at its downstream facilities.
Transfers between business units are made at estimated market prices. The
accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note
1. Business unit results are evaluated internally by management before any
allocation of corporate overhead and without any charge for income taxes or
interest expense.
The following segment information differs from that presented in prior
years as a result of the Company's adoption of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standard No.131, as of December 31, 1998. Prior year
information has been restated to conform to the Company's new presentation
format.
Financial information by operating segment at December 31, 1998, 1997 and
1996 is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net Sales:
Bauxite and Alumina:
Net sales to unaffiliated customers $ 472.7 $ 411.7 $ 431.0
Intersegment sales 135.8 201.7 194.1
-------------- -------------- --------------
608.5 613.4 625.1
-------------- -------------- --------------
Primary Aluminum:
Net sales to unaffiliated customers 409.8 543.4 538.3
Intersegment sales 233.5 273.8 217.4
-------------- -------------- --------------
643.3 817.2 755.7
-------------- -------------- --------------
Flat-Rolled Products 714.6 743.3 626.0
Engineered Products 581.3 581.0 504.4
Minority interests 78.0 93.8 90.8
Eliminations (369.3) (475.5) (411.5)
-------------- -------------- --------------
$ 2,256.4 $ 2,373.2 $ 2,190.5
============== ============== ==============
Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated
affiliates:
Bauxite and Alumina $ (3.2) $ (7.0) $ 1.7
Primary Aluminum 1.2 5.1 6.7
Engineered Products 7.8 4.8 -
Corporate and Other (.4) - .4
-------------- -------------- --------------
$ 5.4 $ 2.9 $ 8.8
============== ============== ==============
Operating income (loss):
Bauxite and Alumina $ 42.0 $ 54.2 $ 27.7
Primary Aluminum 49.9 148.3 79.1
Flat-Rolled Products 70.8 28.2 35.3
Engineered Products 47.5 42.3 21.7
Micromill (1) (63.4) (24.5) (14.5)
Eliminations 8.9 (5.9) 8.3
Corporate and Other (65.1) (74.6) (59.8)
-------------- -------------- --------------
$ 90.6 $ 168.0 $ 97.8
============== ============== ==============
Depreciation and amortization:
Bauxite and Alumina $ 36.4 $ 39.4 $ 41.5
Primary Aluminum 29.9 30.4 33.0
Flat-Rolled Products 16.1 16.0 16.9
Engineered Products 10.8 11.2 12.1
Micromill 3.6 3.2 .5
Corporate and Other 2.3 2.3 3.6
-------------- -------------- --------------
$ 99.1 $ 102.5 $ 107.6
============== ============== ==============
Capital expenditures:
Bauxite and Alumina $ 26.9 $ 27.8 $ 29.9
Primary Aluminum 20.7 42.6 28.1
Flat-Rolled Products 20.4 16.8 22.7
Engineered Products 8.4 31.2 18.3
Micromill .2 8.3 56.4
Corporate and Other 1.0 1.8 6.1
-------------- -------------- --------------
$ 77.6 $ 128.5 $ 161.5
============== ============== ==============
(1) 1998 includes $45.0 fourth quarter impairment charge.
December 31,
------------------------------
1998 1997
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates:
Bauxite and Alumina $ 76.8 $ 88.3
Primary Aluminum 27.6 33.2
Engineered Products 23.9 17.5
Corporate and Other - 9.6
-------------- --------------
$ 128.3 $ 148.6
============== ==============
Segment assets:
Bauxite and Alumina $ 669.0 $ 692.8
Primary Aluminum 580.8 633.9
Flat-Rolled Products 431.2 466.5
Engineered Products 294.5 318.6
Micromill 25.3 63.4
Corporate and Other 990.1 838.7
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$ 2,990.9 $ 3,013.9
============== ==============
Geographical area information relative to the Company's operations is
summarized as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
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1998 1997 1996
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Net sales to unaffiliated customers:
United States $ 1,698.0 $ 1,720.3 $ 1,610.0
Jamaica 237.0 204.6 201.8
Ghana 89.8 234.2 198.3
Other Foreign 231.6 214.1 180.4
-------------- -------------- --------------
$ 2,256.4 $ 2,373.2 $ 2,190.5
============== ============== ==============
December 31,
------------------------------
1998 1997
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Long-lived assets: (1)
United States $ 757.9 $ 809.5
Jamaica 289.2 283.4
Ghana 90.2 100.4
Other Foreign 99.7 127.1
-------------- --------------
$ 1,237.0 $ 1,320.4
============== ==============
(1) Long-lived assets include Property, plant, and equipment, net, and
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates.
The aggregate foreign currency gain included in determining net income was
immaterial for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996.
No single customer accounted for sales in excess of 10% of total revenue in
1998, 1997, or 1996.
Export sales were less than 10% of total revenue during the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996.
12. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
During the first quarter of 1999, two potlines at the Company's 90% owned
Valco facility, which were curtailed during most of 1998 (but for which
Valco received compensation from the Volta River Authority in the form of
energy credits) are being restarted. Additionally, during the first quarter
of 1999 KACC began restarting two potlines (representing approximately
50,000 tons of annual capacity) at its Mead, Washington, smelter, which
were originally curtailed in September 1998 as a result of the USWA strike.
One potline at the Company's Tacoma, Washington, smelter has been prepared
for restart, but remains curtailed due to management's consideration of
market-related and other factors. The Company's first quarter results will
be adversely impacted by the effect of the restart costs at the Valco and
Mead facilities and the restart preparations at the Tacoma facility.
During February 1999, KACC, through a subsidiary, completed the acquisition
of its joint venture partner's 45% interest in Kaiser LaRoche Hydrate
Partners ("KLHP") for a cash purchase price of approximately $10.0 subject
to post-closing adjustments. As KACC already owned 55% of KLHP, the
results of KLHP were already included in the Company's consolidated
financial statements.
During January 1999, KACC signed a letter of intent to sell its 50%
interest in AKW, an aluminum wheels joint venture, to its partner. The
sale, which will result in the Company recognizing a net substantial gain,
is expected to be completed on or about March 31, 1999. However, as the
transaction is subject to the negotiation of a definitive purchase
agreement, no assurances can be given that the transaction will be
completed. The Company's equity in income of AKW was $7.8 and $4.8 for the
years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively.