Exhibit 3.1 CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF INTELECT COMMUNICATIONS, INC. Intelect Communications, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), does hereby certify as follows: FIRST: That the Board of Directors of the Corporation at a duly called meeting, duly adopted resolutions setting forth a proposed amendment to the Corporation's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation ("Certificate of Incorporation"), declaring said amendment to be advisable and proposing that said amendment be considered at a special meeting by the Stockholders of the Corporation. The resolution setting forth the proposed amendment is as follows: RESOLVED, that the Board of Directors declares that it is advisable to amend Article I of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation as follows: The name of the Corporation is TeraForce Technology Corporation. SECOND: That thereafter, the Stockholders of the Corporation, at a duly called special meeting of the Stockholders, voted in favor of the amendment. THIRD: That said amendment was fully adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Intelect Communications, Inc. has caused this Certificate to be signed by its duly authorized officer, this 30th day of January, 2001. INTELECT COMMUNICATIONS, INC. By:/s/ HERMAN M. FRIETSCH Herman M. Frietsch, President CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION Intelect Communications, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, DOES HEREBY CERTIFY: FIRST: That the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of said Corporation has been amended by amending Section 4.1 of Article IV to read as follows: SECTION 4.1. TOTAL NUMBER OF SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK. The total number of shares of capital stock of all classes which the Company shall have authority to issue is 250,000,000 shares, consisting of 200,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), and 50,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Preferred Stock"). SECOND, the aforesaid amendment was duly proposed by the Board of Directors of the Corporation and was duly adopted by the stockholders of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon in accordance with the applicable provisions of section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said Intelect Communications, Inc. has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be signed by Herman M. Frietsch, its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and attested by Robert P. Capps, its Secretary, this 16th day of June, 2000. INTELECT COMMUNICATIONS, INC. By: /s/ HERMAN M. FRIETSCH ---------------------- Herman M. Frietsch Chairman and Chief Executive Officer ATTEST: By: /s/ ROBERT P. CAPPS ------------------- Robert P. Capps Secretary CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION Intelect Communications, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the States of Delaware, DOES HEREBY CERTIFY: FIRST: That the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of said Corporation has been amended by inserting Section 4.1 of Article IV to read as follows: Section 4.1. TOTAL NUMBER OF SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK. The total number of shares of capital stock of all classes which the Company shall have authority to issue is 150,000,000 shares, consisting of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), and 50,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Preferred Stock"). SECOND, the aforesaid amendment was duly proposed by the Board of Directors of the Corporation and was duly adopted by the stockholders of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon in accordance with the applicable provisions of section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said Intelect Communications, Inc. has caused this certificate of be signed by Herman M. Frietsch, it Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and attested by Edwin J. Ducayet, its Assistant Secretary, this 3rd day of March, 1999. INTELECT COMMUNICATIONS, INC. By: /s/ HERMAN M. FRIETSCH ---------------------- Herman M. Frietsch Chairman and Chief Executive Officer ATTEST: By: /s/ EDWIN J. DUCAYET, JR. ------------------------- Edwin J. Ducayet, Jr. Assistant Secretary AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF INTELECT COMMUNICATIONS, INC. This document constitutes an amendment and restatement of the original Certificate of Incorporation of Intelect Communications, Inc. (the "Corporation"), which was filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on May 23, 1995. The name under which the original Certificate of Incorporation was filed was Intelect Systems Corp. This Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 245(c) and 242 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. ARTICLE I Name The name of the Corporation is Intelect Communications, Inc. ARTICLE II Address of Registered Office: Name of Registered Agent The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, in the City of Wilmington, county of New Castle, 19801. The name of its registered agent at that address in the State of Delaware is The Corporation Trust Company. ARTICLE III Purpose and Powers The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a Corporation may now or hereafter be organized under the Delaware General Corporation Law ("Delaware Law"). It shall have all powers that may now or hereafter be lawful for a corporation under the Delaware Law. ARTICLE IV Capital Stock Section 4.1. TOTAL NUMBER OF SHARES OF STOCK. The total number of shares of capital stock of all classes that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 100,000,000 (One Hundred Million) shares. The authorized capital stock is divided into 50,000,000 (Fifty Million) shares of preferred stock, of the par value of $.01 each (the "Preferred Stock"), and 50,000,000 (Fifty Million) shares of common stock, or the par value of $.01 each (the "Common Stock'). Section 4.2. PREFERRED STOCK. (a) The shares of Preferred Stock of the Corporation may be issued from time to time in one or more classes or series thereof, the shares of each class or series thereof to have such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as are stated and expressed herein or in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such class or series, adopted by the board of directors of the Corporation (the "Board of Directors") as hereinafter provided. (b) Authority is hereby expressly granted to the Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of this Article IV and to the limitations prescribed by the Delaware Law, to authorize the issue of one or more classes, or series thereof, of Preferred Stock and with respect to each such class or series to fix by resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such class or series the voting powers, full or limited, if any, of the shares os such class or series and the designations, preferences, and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof. The authority of the Board of Directors with respect to each class or series thereof shall include, but not be limited to the determination or fixing of the following: (i) the maximum number of shares to constitute such class or series, which may subsequently be increased or decreased by resolutions of the Board of Directors unless otherwise provided in the resolution providing for the issue of such class or series, the distinctive designation thereof and the sated value thereof if different than the par value thereof; (ii) the dividend rate of such class or series, the conditions and dates upon which such dividends shall be payable, the relation which such dividends shall bear to the dividends payable on any other class or classes of stock or any other series of any class of stock of the Corporation, and whether such dividends shall be cumulative or noncumulative; (iii) whether the shares of such class or series shall be subject to redemption, in whole or in part, and if made subject to such redemption the times, prices and other terms and conditions of such redemption, including whether or not such redemption may occur at the option of the Corporation or at the option of the holder or holders thereof or upon the happening of a special event; (iv) the terms and amount of any sinking fund established for the purchase or redemption of the shares of such class or series; (v) whether or not the shares of such class or series shall be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of any other class or classes of any stock or any other series of any class of stock of the Corporation, and, if provision is made for conversion or exchange, the times, prices, rates, adjustments, and other terms and conditions of such conversion or exchange; (vi) the extent, if any, to which the holders of shares of such class or series shall be entitled to vote with respect to the election of directors or otherwise; (vii) the restrictions, if any, on the issue or reissue of any additional Preferred Stock; (viii) the rights of the holders of the shares of such class or series upon the dissolution of, or upon the subsequent distribution or assets of, the Corporation; and (ix) the manner in which any facts ascertainable outside the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such class or series shall operate upon the voting powers, designations, preferences, rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such class or series. Section 4.3. COMMON STOCK. The shares of Common Stock of the Corporation shall be of one and the same class. The holders of Common Stock shall have one vote per share of Common Stock on all matters on which holders of Common Stock are entitled to vote. ARTICLE V Board of Directors Section 5.1 POWER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of its Board of Directors which shall consist of not less than three members. In furtherance, and not in limitation, of the powers conferred by the laws of the State of Delaware, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to: (a) adopt, amend, alter, change, or repeal the By-Laws of the Corporation; provided, however, that no By-Laws hereafter adopted shall invalidate any prior act of the directors that would have been valid if such new By-Laws had not been adopted; (b) determine the rights, powers, duties, rules and procedures that affect the power of the Board of Directors to manage and direct the business and affairs of the Corporation, including the power to designate and empower committees of the Board of Directors, to elect, appoint and empower the officers and other agents of the Corporation, and to determine the time and place of the notice requirements for Board meetings, as well as quorum and voting requirements for and the manner of taking Board action; and (c) exercise all such powers and do all such acts as may be exercised or done by the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Delaware Law, this Certificate of Incorporation and the By-Laws of the Corporation. Section 5.2. NUMBER OF DIRECTORS. The number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall be determined from time to time exclusively by a vote of a majority of the Board of Directors in office at the time of such vote. Section 5.3. CLASSIFIED BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The directors shall be divided into three classes, with each class to be as nearly equal in number as reasonable possible, and with the initial term of office of the first class of directors to expire at the 1998 annual meeting of stockholders, the initial term of office of the second class of directors to expire at the 1999 annual meeting of stockholders and the initial term of office of the third class of directors to expire at the 2000 annual meeting of stockholders, in each case upon the election and qualification of their successors. Commencing with the 1998 annual meeting of stockholders, directors elected to succeed those directors whose terms have thereupon expired shall be elected to a terms of office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after their election, and upon the election and qualification of their successors. If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain or attain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as reasonable possible, but in no case will a decrease in the number of directors shorten the term of any incumbent director. Section 5.4 VACANCIES. Any vacancies in the Board of Directors for any reason and any newly created directorship resulting by reason of any increase in the number of directors may be filled only by the Board of Directors, acting by a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and any directors so appointed shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such directors have been chosen and until their successors are elected and qualified. Section 5.5 REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. Except as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions providing for any class or series of Preferred Stock pursuant to Article IV hereof with respect to any directors elected by the holders of such class or series, any director may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause, and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least ninety percent (90%) of the voting power of all of the shares of capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. ARTICLE VI Stockholder Actions and Meeting of Stockholders Except as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions providing for any class or series of Preferred Stock pursuant to Article IV hereof, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of such holders and may not be effected by any written consent in lieu of a meeting by such holders. Special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the members of the Board of Directors then in office. Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless otherwise provided in the By- Laws. ARTICLE VII Limitation on Liability of Directors No person shall personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of a fiduciary duty as a director, including , without limitation, directors serving on committees of the Board of Directors; provided however, that the foregoing shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware Law, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. If the Delaware Law is amended hereafter to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware Law as so amended. Any amendment, repeal or modification of this Article VII shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing hereunder with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such amendment, repeal or modification. ARTICLE VIII Amendment of By-Laws The power to adopt, amend, alter, change, or repeal any By-Laws of the Corporation shall be vested exclusively with the Board of Directors. ARTICLE IX Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation The Corporation hereby reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation in any manner permitted by Delaware law and all rights and powers conferred upon stockholders, directors, and officers herein are granted subject to this reservation. Except as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions providing for any class or series of Preferred Stock pursuant to Article IV hereof and which relate to such class or series of Preferred Stock, any such amendment, alteration, change or repeal shall require the affirmative vote of both (a) a majority of the members of the Board of Directors then in office and (b) a majority of the voting power of all of the shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors voting together as a single class; except that any proposal to amend, alter, change or repeal the provisions of Article V, Article VI, Article VII, Article VIII, and this Article IX shall require the affirmative vote of ninety percent (90%) of the voting power of all of the shares of capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. ARTICLE X Severability In the event that any of the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation (including any provision within a single Section, paragraph or sentence) are held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unenforceable for any reason, the remaining provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation shall be and remain enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. THE UNDERSIGNED, being the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, for the purpose of amending and restating the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation pursuant to Delaware Law does make this Certificate, hereby declaring and certifying that this is the act and deed of the Corporation and that the facts herein stated are true, and accordingly have hereunto set my hand as of 28th day of October 1997. /s/ HERMAN M. FRIETSCH ---------------------- HERMAN M. FRIETSCH CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER ATTEST: /s/ EDWIN J. DUCAYET, JR. ------------------------- EDWIN J. DUCAYET, JR. ASSISTANT SECRETARY