1 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q (Mark One) [X] Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. For the quarterly period ended March 31, 1998. or [_] Transaction Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. For the transition period from _________________ to __________________. Commission file number: 0-25188 WASHINGTON MUTUAL, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) WASHINGTON 91-1653725 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 1201 THIRD AVENUE, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98101 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (206) 461-2000 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) (Former name, address and fiscal year, if changed since last report) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ] APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS The number of shares outstanding of the issuer's classes of common stock as of April 30, 1998. COMMON STOCK - 258,060,967 2 WASHINGTON MUTUAL, INC. MARCH 31, 1998 QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I Item 1. Financial Statements Consolidated Statements of Income-- Three months ended March 31, 1998 and March 31, 1997............................ 1 Consolidated Statements of Financial Position-- March 31, 1998 and December 31, 1997............................................ 2 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity-- Three months ended March 31, 1998 and March 31, 1997............................ 3 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows-- Three months ended March 31, 1998 and March 31, 1997............................ 4 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.................................... 6 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations General........................................................................... 8 Results of Operations............................................................. 8 Review of Financial Position......................................................13 Asset Quality.....................................................................18 Market Risk and Asset/Liability Management........................................22 Liquidity.........................................................................23 Capital Adequacy..................................................................24 Impact of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards...................................24 Subsequent Events.................................................................24 Part II Item 1. Legal Proceedings...............................................................25 Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K................................................25 (a) Exhibits.................................................................25 (b) Reports on Form 8-K......................................................25 i 3 PART I ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WASHINGTON MUTUAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED) THREE MONTHS ENDED --------------------------- MARCH 31, MARCH 31, 1998 1997 ----------- ----------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) INTEREST INCOME Loans ....................................................... $ 1,357,305 $ 1,236,568 Available-for-sale securities ............................... 206,095 71,395 Held-to-maturity securities ................................. 234,403 271,582 Cash equivalents and other .................................. 28,849 35,871 ----------- ----------- Total interest income ..................................... 1,826,652 1,615,416 INTEREST EXPENSE Deposits .................................................... 515,901 537,488 Borrowings .................................................. 597,878 418,386 ----------- ----------- Total interest expense .................................... 1,113,779 955,874 ----------- ----------- Net interest income ........................................... 712,873 659,542 Provision for loan losses ..................................... 45,343 53,810 ----------- ----------- Net interest income after provision for loan losses ........... 667,530 605,732 OTHER INCOME Depositor and other retail banking fees .................... 92,308 82,673 Loan servicing fees ........................................ 14,821 23,176 Loan related income ........................................ 15,125 12,508 Securities fees and commissions ............................ 38,582 36,381 Insurance fees and commissions ............................. 11,849 12,599 Gain on sale of loans and leases ........................... 15,444 8,795 Gain on sale of other assets ............................... 3,321 7,165 Write down of loans securitized and retained ............... (7,266) (6,250) Other operating income ..................................... 9,645 11,204 ----------- ----------- Total other income ....................................... 193,829 188,251 OTHER EXPENSE Salaries and employee benefits .............................. 189,439 203,267 Occupancy and equipment ..................................... 72,296 80,584 Telecommunications and outsourced information services ...... 49,188 43,226 Regulatory assessments ...................................... 9,477 8,643 Transaction-related expense ................................. 8,650 33,721 Amortization of intangible assets arising from acquisitions . 14,701 15,763 Foreclosed asset expense .................................... 876 3,642 Other operating expenses .................................... 97,591 106,250 ----------- ----------- Total other expense ....................................... 442,218 495,096 ----------- ----------- Income before income taxes .................................... 419,141 298,887 Income taxes ................................................ 158,469 114,803 Provision for payments in lieu of taxes ...................... 4,201 4,309 ----------- ----------- NET INCOME .................................................... $ 256,471 $ 179,775 =========== =========== Net income attributable to common stock ....................... $ 254,733 $ 173,847 =========== =========== Net income per common share: Basic ....................................................... $ 1.02 $ 0.72 Diluted ..................................................... 1.02 0.71 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1 4 WASHINGTON MUTUAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (UNAUDITED) MARCH 31, DECEMBER 31, 1998 1997 ------------- ------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) ASSETS Cash ........................................................ $ 1,037,192 $ 1,285,222 Cash equivalents ............................................ 27,015 275,668 Trading securities .......................................... 130,912 23,364 Available-for-sale securities, amortized cost $16,126,556 and $11,258,232.............. 15,057,318 10,188,107 Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") Investment securities ..................................... 1,189,932 1,185,815 Held-to-maturity securities, fair value $12,612,245 and $12,699,653 MBS ....................................................... 12,368,181 12,659,217 Investment securities ..................................... 124,375 120,397 Loans Loans held in portfolio ................................... 68,188,583 67,124,935 Loans held for sale ....................................... 1,286,547 685,716 Reserve for loan losses ................................... (673,172) (670,494) ------------ ------------ Total loans ............................................. 68,801,958 67,140,157 Investment in Federal Home Loan Banks ("FHLBs") ............. 1,103,629 1,059,491 Foreclosed assets ........................................... 198,597 205,272 Premises and equipment ...................................... 966,237 937,198 Intangible assets arising from acquisitions ................. 341,939 356,650 Mortgage servicing rights ................................... 221,695 215,360 Other assets ................................................ 1,554,928 1,329,181 ------------ ------------ Total assets ............................................ $103,123,908 $96,981,099 ============ ============ LIABILITIES Deposits Checking accounts ......................................... $ 8,382,782 $ 7,914,375 Savings accounts and money market deposit accounts ........ 15,404,138 14,940,045 Time deposit accounts ..................................... 27,526,132 28,131,597 ------------ ------------ Total deposits .......................................... 51,313,052 50,986,017 Federal funds purchased and commercial paper ................ 4,208,718 2,928,282 Reverse repurchase agreements ............................... 14,414,500 12,279,040 Advances from FHLBs ......................................... 20,858,731 20,301,963 Trust preferred securities .................................. 800,000 800,000 Other borrowings ............................................ 2,714,490 2,689,362 Other liabilities ........................................... 3,377,418 1,687,364 ------------ ------------ Total liabilities ......................................... 97,686,909 91,672,028 STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Preferred stock, no par value: 10,000,000 shares authorized 1,970,000 and 4,722,500 shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference .................................... 49,250 118,063 Common stock, no par value: 800,000,000 shares authorized -- 257,887,741 and 257,560,018 shares issued and outstanding . --- --- Capital surplus - common stock .............................. 1,957,552 1,943,294 Accumulated other comprehensive income ...................... 137,128 134,610 Retained earnings ........................................... 3,293,069 3,113,104 ------------ ------------ Total stockholders' equity .............................. 5,436,999 5,309,071 ------------ ------------ Total liabilities and stockholders' equity .............. $103,123,908 $96,981,099 ============ ============ See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 2 5 WASHINGTON MUTUAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) THREE MONTHS ENDED --------------------------- MARCH 31, MARCH 31, 1998 1997 ----------- ----------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) PREFERRED STOCK Balance, beginning of period ........................... $ 118,063 $ 283,063 Redemption of Preferred Stock, Series C................. (68,813) -- ----------- ----------- Balance, end of period .................................. 49,250 283,063 CAPITAL SURPLUS - COMMON STOCK Balance, beginning of period ........................... 1,943,294 1,664,870 Common stock issued through stock options, restricted stock grants and employee stock plans, including tax benefits............................................... 14,186 32,806 Common stock issued under dividend reinvestment plan ... 72 847 Common stock repurchased ............................... -- (32,008) ----------- ----------- Balance, end of period ................................. 1,957,552 1,666,515 ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Balance, beginning of period ........................... 134,610 118,625 Other comprehensive income ............................. 2,518 (89,764) ----------- ----------- Balance, end of period ................................. 137,128 28,861 RETAINED EARNINGS Balance, beginning of period ........................... 3,113,104 2,926,530 Net income ............................................. 256,471 179,775 Cash dividends declared on preferred stock ............. (1,738) (5,928) Cash dividends declared on common stock ................ (74,768) (65,819) ----------- ----------- Balance, end of period ................................. 3,293,069 3,034,558 ----------- ----------- TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY ............................ $ 5,436,999 $ 5,012,997 =========== =========== THREE MONTHS ENDED ----------------------------- MARCH 31, MARCH 31, 1998 1997 ----------- ------------ (NUMBER OF SHARES IN THOUSANDS) PREFERRED STOCK Balance, beginning of period ........................ 4,723 5,383 Redemption of Preferred Stock, Series C ............. (2,753) -- -------- -------- Balance, end of period .............................. 1,970 5,383 ======== ======== COMMON STOCK Balance, beginning of period ........................ 257,560 250,231 Common stock issued through stock options, restricted stock grants and employee stock plans, including tax benefits ..................................... 327 995 Common stock issued under dividend reinvestment plan 1 20 Common stock acquired ............................... -- (901) -------- -------- Balance, end of period .............................. 257,888 250,345 ======== ======== See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 3 6 WASHINGTON MUTUAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) THREE MONTHS ENDED --------------------------- MARCH 31, MARCH 31, 1998 1997 ----------- ----------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income ........................................................ $ 256,471 $ 179,775 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Provisions for loan losses .................................... 45,343 53,810 (Gain) on sale of loans and leases ............................ (15,444) (8,795) (Gain) on sale of other assets ................................ (3,321) (7,165) Depreciation and amortization ................................. 34,524 43,441 Stock dividends from FHLBs .................................... (17,709) (13,263) Write downs of loans securitized and retained ................. 7,266 6,250 (Increase) in trading securities .............................. -- (1,157) Originations of loans held for sale ........................... (3,026,777) (1,071,240) Sales of loans held for sale .................................. 2,441,390 988,798 (Increase) in other assets .................................... (229,532) (125,236) (Decrease) increase in other liabilities ...................... (126,001) 160,499 ----------- ----------- Net cash (used) provided by operating activities ........... (633,790) 205,717 CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchases of available-for-sale securities ........................ (5,662,666) (959,594) Principal payments and maturities of available-for-sale securities 2,278,426 475,304 Sales of available-for-sale securities ............................ 296,661 882,548 Purchases of held-to-maturity securities .......................... (4,110) (3,386) Principal payments and maturities of held-to-maturity securities .. 428,258 120,893 Sales of loans .................................................... 8,482 9,515 Originations of loans, net of principal payments .................. (1,442,490) (2,414,181) Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets ........................... 89,736 137,511 Purchases of premises and equipment, net........................... (48,956) (6,389) ----------- ----------- Net cash (used) by investing activities .................... (4,056,659) (1,757,779) 4 7 WASHINGTON MUTUAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED) (UNAUDITED) THREE MONTHS ENDED ----------------------------- MARCH 31, MARCH 31, 1998 1997 ------------ ------------ (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Increase (decrease) in deposits ............................... $ 327,035 $ (210,090) (Decrease) in annuities ....................................... -- (216) Increase in federal funds purchased and commercial paper ...... 1,280,436 363,436 Increase (decrease) in short-term reverse repurchase agreements 2,005,890 (908,735) Proceeds from long-term reverse repurchase agreements ......... 603,243 1,356,254 Repayments of long-term reverse repurchase agreements ......... (473,673) (435,834) Proceeds from FHLB advances ................................... 15,380,261 11,270,989 Repayments of FHLB advances ................................... (14,823,493) (10,080,753) Proceeds from trust preferred securities ...................... -- 300,000 Proceeds (repayments) from other borrowings ................... 25,128 (275,513) Common stock repurchase ....................................... -- (32,008) Common stock issued ........................................... 14,258 33,653 Redemption of preferred stock ................................. (68,813) -- Cash dividends paid ........................................... (76,506) (71,747) ------------ ------------ Net cash provided by financing activities ..................... 4,193,766 1,309,436 ------------ ------------ (Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents ....................... (496,683) (242,626) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period ................ 1,560,890 1,665,355 ------------ ------------ Cash and cash equivalents, end of period ...................... $ 1,064,207 $ 1,422,729 ============ ============ NONCASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES Loans exchanged for MBS ....................................... $ 137,090 $ 66,862 Loans exchanged for trading securities ........................ 107,544 -- Real estate acquired through foreclosure ...................... 97,351 108,321 Loans originated to facilitate the sale of foreclosed assets .. 14,290 20,938 Loans originated to refinance existing loans .................. 1,407,683 288,624 CASH PAID DURING THE PERIOD FOR Interest on deposits .......................................... 508,571 525,238 Interest on borrowings ........................................ 588,992 436,598 Income taxes .................................................. 66,033 957 5 8 WASHINGTON MUTUAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1: EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS") Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. Information used to calculate EPS was as follows: Three Months Ended ------------------------------------------------------------------------ March 31, 1998 March 31, 1997 --------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Per Per Income Shares Share Income Shares Share (numerator) (denominator) Amounts (numerator) (denominator) Amounts ---------- ------------ ------- ---------- ------------ ------- (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Basic EPS: Net income.................... $256,471 $179,775 Less: preferred stock dividends (1,738) (5,928) -------- -------- Income available to common shareholders............... 254,733 249,708,312 $1.02 173,847 241,876,355 $0.72 Diluted EPS: Effect of dilutive securities: Stock options.............. 1,017,031 3,307,817 -------- ----------- -------- ----------- Income available to common shareholders and assumed conversions................. $254,733 250,725,343 $1.02 $173,847 245,184,172 $0.71 ======== =========== ========= =========== NOTE 2: COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Washington Mutual, Inc. ("Washington Mutual" or the "Company") adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 130 Reporting Comprehensive Income, effective January 1, 1998. The standard requires that comprehensive income and its components be disclosed in the financial statements. The Company's comprehensive income includes all items which comprise net income plus the unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale securities. For the three months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997, the Company's comprehensive income was as follows: Three Months Ended ---------------------------------- March 31, 1998 March 31, 1997 -------------- -------------- (dollars in thousands) Net income.................. $256,471 $179,775 Other comprehensive income.. 2,518 (89,764) -------- --------- Total comprehensive income $258,989 $ 90,011 ======== ========= NOTE 3: THE AHMANSON MERGER On March 17, 1998, Washington Mutual and H.F. Ahmanson & Company ("Ahmanson") announced the signing of a definitive merger agreement that would create the nation's seventh-largest banking institution, based on total 1997 year-end assets of approximately $150 billion. Under the agreement, each share of Ahmanson stock is to be exchanged for 1.12 shares of Washington Mutual common stock. Subsequent to the signing of the agreement, the Company declared a 3-for-2 stock split. When such stock split becomes effective, each share of Ahmanson common stock will convert into the right to receive 1.68 shares of Washington Mutual common stock. The Ahmanson merger is expected to be accounted for as a pooling of interests. 6 9 NOTE 4: STOCK SPLIT On April 20, 1998, the Company's Board of Directors declared a 3-for-2 common stock split in the form of a 50% stock dividend payable on June 1, 1998 to shareholders of record as of May 18, 1998. NOTE 5: SEGMENT REPORTING SFAS No. 131 Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information was issued in June 1997 and redefined how operating segments are determined. SFAS No. 131 requires disclosure of certain financial and descriptive information about a company's operating segments. This statement was adopted on January 1, 1998, and did not impact the results of operations or financial position of the Company. 7 10 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL POSITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements. GENERAL Washington Mutual, Inc. ("Washington Mutual," "WMI" or the "Company") is a financial services company committed to serving consumers and small and mid-sized businesses. The Company's banking subsidiaries, Washington Mutual Bank, FA ("WMBFA"), Washington Mutual Bank ("WMB") and Washington Mutual Bank fsb ("WMBfsb"), accept deposits from the general public, make residential loans, consumer loans, and commercial real estate loans (primarily loans secured by multi-family properties) and engage in certain commercial banking activities. The Company's consumer finance operations provide real estate secured loans, direct installment loans and related credit insurance services and purchase retail installment contracts. Washington Mutual also markets annuities and other insurance products, offers full service securities brokerage, and acts as the investment advisor to and the distributor of mutual funds. The Keystone Transaction. In December 1996, Keystone Holdings, Inc. ("Keystone Holdings") merged with and into Washington Mutual (the "Keystone Transaction") and all of the subsidiaries of Keystone Holdings, including American Savings Bank, F.A. ("ASB"), became subsidiaries of the Company. The Great Western Merger. On July 1, 1997, Great Western Financial Corporation ("GWFC") merged with and into New American Capital, Inc. ("NACI"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the "Great Western Merger"), and all of the subsidiaries of GWFC, including Great Western Bank, a Federal Savings Bank ("GWB") and Aristar, Inc. ("Aristar") became subsidiaries of NACI. On October 1, 1997, GWB was merged with and into ASB; simultaneously the name of ASB was changed to Washington Mutual Bank, FA. The Ahmanson Merger. On March 17, 1998, Washington Mutual and H.F. Ahmanson & Company ("Ahmanson") announced the signing of a definitive merger agreement that would create the nation's seventh-largest banking institution, based on total 1997 year-end assets of approximately $150 billion. Under the agreement each share of Ahmanson stock is to be exchanged for 1.12 shares of Washington Mutual common stock. Subsequent to the signing of the agreement, the Company declared a 3-for-2 stock split. When such stock split becomes effective, each share of Ahmanson common stock will convert into the right to receive 1.68 shares of Washington Mutual common stock. The Ahmanson merger is expected to be accounted for as a pooling of interests. The merger, which requires regulatory approval and the approval of both companies' shareholders, is expected to close during the latter part of 1998. Special meetings for the shareholders of both companies to consider the transaction are expected to be held in the third quarter of 1998. The Company expects to merge Ahmanson's subsidiary, Home Savings of America, FSB, into WMBFA. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Overview. The Company's net income for first quarter 1998 was $256.5 million compared with $179.8 million for first quarter 1997. The Company's net income for first quarter 1998 was reduced by pretax charges of $8.7 million for transaction-related expenses in connection with the Great Western Merger. The Company's first quarter 1997 net income was reduced by pretax charges of $33.7 million in transaction-related expense related to the Great Western Merger. Net Interest Income. Net interest income for the first quarter of 1998 was $712.9 million, an increase from $659.5 million in the first quarter of 1997. The net interest margin for the first quarter of 1998 was 2.96% compared with 3.08% in the first quarter of 1997. (The net interest margin measures the Company's annualized net interest income as a percentage of average earning assets.) 8 11 The first quarter 1998 increase in net interest income was due to a 13% rise in average earning assets to $94.93 billion from $84.21 billion in the first quarter of 1997, which more than offset the decline in the net interest spread to 2.78% in first quarter 1998 from 2.91% in first quarter 1997. (The net interest spread is the difference between the Company's yield on assets and its cost of funds.) To a certain extent, the Company's net interest spread is affected by changes in the yield curve. During the first quarter of 1998, the difference between the yield on a three month U.S. Treasury bill and a 10-year U.S. government note averaged 53 basis points compared with 160 basis points for the same period a year earlier. Selected average financial balances and the net interest spread and margin were as follows: Three Months Ended ---------------------------- March 31, March 31, 1998 1997 ----------- ----------- (dollars in thousands) Selected Average Balances: Loans .............................. $68,217,014 $62,674,428 Investments ........................ 26,708,295 21,538,930 ----------- ----------- Total interest earning assets .... 94,925,309 84,213,358 Deposits ........................... 50,769,603 52,363,008 Borrowings ......................... 40,733,951 28,853,943 ----------- ----------- Total interest bearing liabilities 91,503,554 81,216,951 Total assets ....................... 98,880,487 86,879,354 Stockholders' equity ............... 5,349,788 5,004,857 Net Interest Spread: Yield on loans ...................... 7.98% 7.91% Yield on investments ................ 7.03 7.04 Combined yield on earning assets... 7.71 7.68 Cost of deposits .................... 4.12 4.16 Cost of borrowings .................. 5.95 5.88 Combined cost of funds ............ 4.93 4.77 Net interest spread ................. 2.78 2.91 Net interest margin ................. 2.96 3.08 9 12 Other Income. Other income was $193.8 million for first quarter 1998 compared with other income of $188.3 million for first quarter 1997. Other income consisted of the following: Three Months Ended -------------------------- March 31, March 31, 1998 1997 --------- --------- (dollars in thousands) Depositor and other retail banking fees: Checking account and money market deposit accounts ("MMDAs") charges................................................... $ 77,656 $ 65,920 ATM transaction fees ....................................... 5,576 6,436 Other ...................................................... 9,076 10,317 --------- --------- Total depositor and other retail banking fees ............ 92,308 82,673 Loan servicing fees .......................................... 14,821 23,176 Loan related income .......................................... 15,125 12,508 Securities fees and commissions .............................. 38,582 36,381 Insurance fees and commissions ............................... 11,849 12,599 Gain on sale of loans and leases: Gain on sale of mortgage loans ............................. 15,277 7,253 Gain on sale of student loans .............................. 167 827 Gain on sale of leases ..................................... -- 715 --------- --------- Total gain on sale of loans and leases ................... 15,444 8,795 Gain on sale of other assets: Gain (loss) on sale of premises and equipment .............. (94) 6,840 Gain on sale of available-for-sale securities .............. 3,415 233 Gain on sale of trading securities ......................... -- 92 --------- --------- Total gain on sale of other assets ....................... 3,321 7,165 Write down of loans securitized and retained ................. (7,266) (6,250) Other operating income ....................................... 9,645 11,204 --------- --------- Total other income ....................................... $ 193,829 $ 188,251 ========= ========= Depositor and other retail banking fees of $92.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 1998 increased from $82.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 1997. The increase reflected an expanded collection of nonsufficient funds ("NSF") charges and overdraft protection charges on checking accounts and MMDAs and an increase in the number of checking accounts. The growth in depositor and other retail banking fees has been offset somewhat by deposit account-related losses (included in other operating expense) incurred by the Company resulting from the increased number of checking accounts. Management closely monitors the amount of such losses incurred. Loan servicing fees of $14.8 million declined 36% from $23.2 million in the first quarter of 1997. The decline reflected an increase in the amortization of mortgage servicing rights by approximately $5.0 million during the first quarter of 1998 compared with the first quarter of 1997. The increased amortization was due to the higher rate of prepayment in the loan servicing portfolio. 10 13 For the first quarter of 1998, the Company had a net gain on the sale of loans and leases of $15.4 million compared with $8.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 1997. Due to the increase in fixed-rate loan production resulting from the relatively low interest rate environment, the Company sold $2.31 billion of fixed-rate single family residential ("SFR") loans. Included in the gain on sale of premises and equipment for first quarter 1997 was the $4.2 million gain associated with the sale of branch premises at GWB. Impairment charge offs on mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") are reported in the line item -- Write down of loans securitized and retained -- as a charge to earnings in other income. Write downs on loans securitized and retained were $7.3 million for first quarter 1998 up from $6.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 1997. The increase in write-downs was due to an increase in the size of the MBS with recourse portfolio. Other Expense. Other expense for first quarter 1998 totaled $442.2 million compared with $495.1 million for first quarter 1997. Other expense consisted of the following: Three Months Ended ------------------------- March 31, March 31, 1998 1997 ------------ ----------- (dollars in thousands) Salaries and employee benefits............................... $189,439 $203,267 Occupancy and equipment: Premises and equipment..................................... 53,940 59,246 Data processing............................................ 18,356 21,338 --------- --------- Total occupancy and equipment............................ 72,296 80,584 Telecommunications and outsourced information services....... 49,188 43,226 Regulatory assessments....................................... 9,477 8,643 Transaction-related expense.................................. 8,650 33,721 Amortization of intangible assets arising from acquisitions.. 14,701 15,763 Foreclosed asset expense..................................... 876 3,642 Other operating expenses: Advertising and promotion.................................. 20,517 16,392 Postage.................................................... 12,702 12,339 Operating losses and settlements........................... 11,662 13,627 Professional fees.......................................... 7,943 14,546 Office supplies............................................ 4,925 5,114 Other...................................................... 39,842 44,232 ---------- --------- Total other operating expenses........................... 97,591 106,250 ---------- --------- Total other expense...................................... $442,218 $495,096 ======== ======== As a result of the Great Western Merger, the Company recorded transaction-related expense of $8.7 million for first quarter 1998 and $33.7 million for first quarter 1997. For first quarter 1998, the majority of the charges were for one time nonrecurring incremental costs associated with combining entities, which are being expensed as incurred. These charges were partially offset by a pre-tax reduction of $8.3 million in the estimate of contract exit fees. For first quarter 1997, the majority of transaction-related expense were for various investment banking and legal fees. Salaries and employee benefits decreased to $189.4 million for the first quarter of 1998 from $203.3 million for the first quarter of 1997. Full-time equivalent employees ("FTE") were 19,207 at March 31, 1998 compared with 20,149 at March 31, 1997. The decrease in FTEs was primarily due to employee separations in connection with the Great Western Merger and the restructuring plan at GWFC. However, this decrease was mitigated by increasing staffing levels throughout the Company to support its growth. 11 14 The Company expected total staff reductions related to the Keystone Transaction and the Great Western Merger (inclusive of the GWFC restructuring plan) of approximately 2,850. As of March 31, 1998, approximately 2,050 employee separations had occurred under these plans. Prior to the proposed Ahmanson merger, offices used by the Company on the Chatsworth campus were being consolidated in order to make more efficient use of building space. The Company had anticipated that approximately 565,000 square feet, located predominately in six buildings, would become available for sub-leasing to third parties. However, as a result of the proposed Ahmanson merger, it is now anticipated that the Chatsworth Campus will be utilized by the Company. Reconciliation of the transaction-related expense and accrual activity during 1998 was as follows: 1998 Activity Three Months December 31, 1997 Charged March 31, 1998 Ended Accrued Against Accrued March 31, 1998 Balance Accrual Balance Period Costs ----------------- ------------- ------------ ---------------- (dollars in thousands) Severance............. $ 93,104 $(21,792) $ 71,312 $ -- Premises.............. 57,304 (3,552) 53,752 -- Legal, underwriting and other direct transaction costs.... 742 (271) 471 -- Contract cancellation costs............... 33,699 (10,060) 23,639 (7,190) Other................. 11,243 (3,540) 7,703 15,840 -------- --------- -------- ------- Total............. $196,092 $(39,215) $156,877 $ 8,650 ======== ========= ======== ======= Year 2000. Washington Mutual is implementing a program to test and document the readiness of its electronic systems, programs and processes to recognize properly the year 2000. While the Company does not believe that the process of making its systems, programs and processes ready for year 2000 will result in a material cost, it is expected that a substantial amount of management and staff time will be required on the year 2000 project. In addition, the Federal Financial Institutions Examinations Council (the "FFIEC") issues periodic guidelines that clarify federal regulatory requirements for the testing and documentation of the readiness of an insured depository institution's electronic systems, programs and processes to recognize properly the year 2000. The FFIEC has recently published guidelines that require additional date testing of systems, programs and processes. These recent guidelines will cause the Company to perform additional work and incur additional expense in order to be in complete compliance with regulatory requirements. There can be no assurance that such recent guidelines will not require additional work or cause the Company to incur additional expenses beyond those that are currently contemplated by Washington Mutual or delay the completion of Washington Mutual's Year 2000 preparations. In addition, there can be no assurance that the FFIEC or other federal regulators will not issue new regulatory requirements that require additional work by the Company and, if issued, that new regulatory requirements will not increase the cost or delay the completion of Washington Mutual's Year 2000 preparations. No assurance can be given that the completion of the year 2000 project will proceed as anticipated or that the results of operations of the Company will not be adversely affected by difficulties and delays in these projects. Taxation. Income taxes include federal and applicable state income taxes. The provision for income taxes was $162.7 million for the first quarter 1998, which represented an effective tax rate of 38.81% as compared with a 39.85% effective tax rate for first quarter 1997. 12 15 Consumer Finance Operations. During first quarter 1998, the consumer finance line of business had net income of $12.3 million, up from $10.7 million in first quarter 1997. Contributing to the improvement was a 5% increase in the loan portfolio and the corresponding increase in interest income. Nonperforming assets were slightly higher in the first quarter 1998, compared with the first quarter 1997, but showed an improvement from year-end 1997. The increase in charge offs and loan loss provision reflected, in part, the growth of the loan portfolio and a continued high level of personal bankruptcies. The loan loss provision increased to $18.0 million in first quarter of 1998 from $15.4 million in first quarter of 1997. Three Months Ended ------------------------ March 31, March 31, 1998 1997 -------- -------- (dollars in thousands) Consumer finance operations: Net interest income................................. $68,142 $61,828 Provision for loan losses........................... 18,000 15,400 Other income........................................ 10,462 9,971 Other expense....................................... 40,110 38,569 ------- ------- Net income before income taxes...................... 20,494 17,830 Income taxes........................................ 8,200 7,100 ------- ------- Net income........................................ $12,294 $10,730 ======= ======= REVIEW OF FINANCIAL POSITION Assets. At March 31, 1998, the Company's assets were $103.12 billion, an increase of 6% from $96.98 billion at December 31, 1997. Most of the growth during the first quarter of 1998 resulted from the purchase of agency MBS in the secondary market. The Company's loan portfolio grew only slightly as first quarter 1998 loan originations were offset by principal paydowns and sales. It is the Company's current practice to sell the majority of its fixed-rate loan production. Interest-earning assets. The Company's interest-earning assets consisted of the following: March 31, December 31, 1998 1997 ------------ ------------ (dollars in thousands) Cash equivalents ............... $ 27,015 $ 275,668 Securities: Trading securities ........... 130,912 23,364 Available-for-sale securities: MBS ........................ 15,057,318 10,188,107 Investment securities ...... 1,189,932 1,185,815 Held-to-maturity securities: MBS ........................ 12,368,181 12,659,217 Investment securities ...... 124,375 120,397 ------------ ------------ 28,870,718 24,176,900 Loans: Loans held in portfolio ...... 68,188,583 67,124,935 Loans held for sale .......... 1,286,547 685,716 Reserve for loan losses ...... (673,172) (670,494) ------------ ------------ 68,801,958 67,140,157 Investment in FHLBs ............ 1,103,629 1,059,491 ------------ ------------ $ 98,803,320 $ 92,652,216 ============ ============ 13 16 Securities. The Company's trading, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities consisted of the following (at carrying value): March 31, December 31, 1998 1997 ----------- ----------- (dollars in thousands) Agency MBS....................................... $25,224,625 $20,781,456 Private-issue MBS................................ 2,328,736 2,088,248 U.S. government and agency securities .......... 550,940 530,566 Corporate debt securities........................ 471,979 478,823 Municipal securities............................. 104,129 100,150 Equity securities................................ 191,245 196,673 ----------- ----------- 28,871,654 24,175,916 Derivative instruments........................... (936) 984 ----------- ----------- $28,870,718 $24,176,900 =========== =========== The Company's securities portfolio increased by $4.69 billion during the first three months of 1998 due to the purchase of agency MBS in the secondary market. The majority of these purchases were placed in the available-for-sale portfolio. Securities classified as trading increased by $107.5 million due to securitization of loans, which were subsequently sold in second quarter of 1998. At March 31, 1998, 87% of MBS in the Company's securities portfolio were adjustable rate. Of the securities indexed to an adjustable rate, 73% were indexed to the Cost of Funds Index ("COFI") of the Eleventh District Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB"), 20% to U.S. Treasury indices, and 7% to LIBOR. The remaining 13% of MBS were fixed rate. 14 17 Loans. Total loans (exclusive of the reserve for loan losses) at March 31, 1998 were $69.48 billion, up from $67.81 billion at December 31, 1997. Changes in the loan balances are primarily driven by originations of new loans, prepayments of existing loans, scheduled repayments of principal, loan securitizations and sales. Loans (exclusive of the reserve for loan losses) consisted of the following: March 31, December 31, 1998 1997 ----------- ----------- (dollars in thousands) Loans: Real estate loans: SFR............................................ $54,876,334 $53,431,451 SFR construction............................... 874,108 877,449 Apartment buildings............................ 4,169,206 4,187,580 Other commercial real estate................... 2,381,430 2,425,961 ----------- ----------- 62,301,078 60,922,441 Manufactured housing, second mortgage and other consumer................................. 4,097,491 3,806,337 Consumer finance................................. 2,271,688 2,309,407 Commercial business.............................. 804,873 772,466 ----------- ----------- $69,475,130 $67,810,651 =========== =========== Loans as a percentage of total loans (exclusive of the reserve for loans losses): SFR.............................................. 79% 79% SFR construction................................. 1 1 Apartment buildings.............................. 6 6 Other commercial real estate..................... 3 4 Manufactured housing, second mortgage and other consumer...................................... 7 6 Consumer finance................................. 3 3 Commercial business.............................. 1 1 --- --- 100% 100% === === Real estate loans by product type were as follows: March 31, 1998 December 31, 1997 ------------------------- ----------------------------- Percent of Percent of Total Real Total Real Amount Estate Loans Amount Estate Loans ----------- ------------- ------------ ------------ (dollars in thousands) Short-term adjustable-rate mortgages ("ARMSs"): COFI......................................... $30,856,139 50% $32,108,461 53% MTA.......................................... 2,273,204 4 1,602,123 3 CMT.......................................... 3,644,600 6 3,800,156 6 Other........................................ 4,516,731 7 4,553,499 7 ----------- --- ----------- --- 41,290,674 67 42,064,239 69 Medium-term ARMs: CMT.......................................... 4,153,825 6 4,135,947 7 COFI......................................... 1,141,788 2 1,244,357 2 MTA.......................................... 3,688,721 6 2,880,587 5 ----------- --- ----------- --- 8,984,334 14 8,260,891 14 Fixed-rate mortgages........................... 12,026,070 19 10,597,311 17 ----------- --- ----------- --- $62,301,078 100% $60,922,441 100% =========== === =========== === Number of real estate loans.................... 517,093 513,417 Short-term ARMs reprice within a year or less. Medium-term ARMs have an initial fixed rate for more than one year and then convert to short-term ARMs. 15 18 Loan originations were as follows: Three Months Ended ---------------------------- March 31, March 31, 1998 1997 ---------- ---------- (dollars in thousands) Real estate loans: SFR: Adjustable rate................................ $2,962,108 $2,631,727 Fixed rate..................................... 3,964,732 1,369,450 ---------- ---------- 6,926,840 4,001,177 SFR construction: Custom......................................... 152,721 168,342 Builder........................................ 149,482 157,169 Apartment buildings.............................. 123,061 134,589 Other commercial real estate..................... 99,606 86,400 ---------- ---------- 524,870 546,500 Manufactured housing............................. 55,510 62,885 Second mortgage and other consumer............... 391,268 376,814 Consumer finance................................. 513,621 463,914 Commercial business.............................. 212,930 148,404 ---------- ---------- 1,173,329 1,052,017 ---------- ---------- $8,625,039 $5,599,694 ========== ========== SFR originations by product type were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 1998 --------------------------------------------- Percent Percent of of Amount Category Total ---------- --------- ------- (dollars in thousands) Short-term ARMs: MTA.......................... $ 908,333 65% 13% COFI......................... 323,021 23 5 CMT.......................... 133,551 10 2 Other........................ 23,434 2 -- ---------- --- --- 1,388,339 100% 20 === Medium-term ARMs: MTA.......................... 1,002,951 64% 14 CMT.......................... 388,416 25 6 Other........................ 182,402 11 3 ---------- --- --- 1,573,769 100% 23 === Fixed-rate mortgages........... 3,964,732 57 ---------- --- $6,926,840 100% ========== === The strong housing market and attractive interest rates led to record loan production which included a significant amount of refinance activity during first quarter 1998. As a result of borrower preference for fixed-rate mortgages, fixed-rate loan production accounted for 57% of total SFR originations in first quarter 1998 compared with 34% in first quarter 1997. Interest-bearing liabilities. The Company uses customer deposits and wholesale borrowings to fund its operations. Due to increased market competition for customer deposits, the Company has increasingly relied on wholesale borrowings to fund its asset growth. 16 19 Deposits. Total deposits were $51.31 billion at March 31, 1998, up from $50.99 billion at December 31, 1997. Deposits consisted of the following: March 31, December 31, 1998 1997 ------------- ------------ (dollars in thousands) Checking accounts:.............................. Interest bearing.............................. $ 4,372,614 $4,380,133 Noninterest bearing........................... 4,010,168 3,534,242 ----------- ----------- 8,382,782 7,914,375 Savings accounts................................ 3,359,470 3,267,732 MMDAs........................................... 12,044,668 11,672,313 Time deposit accounts: Due within one year........................... 23,501,379 23,411,811 After one but within two years................ 2,439,377 2,746,532 After two but within three years.............. 543,696 879,090 After three but within four years............. 566,433 546,680 After four but within five years.............. 393,093 462,110 After five years.............................. 82,154 85,374 ----------- ----------- 27,526,132 28,131,597 ----------- ----------- $51,313,052 $50,986,017 =========== =========== Time deposit accounts in amounts of $100,000 or more totaled $6.08 billion at March 31, 1998 and $5.74 billion at December 31, 1997. At March 31, 1998, $1.98 billion of these deposits mature within three months, $1.42 billion mature in three to six months, $1.77 billion mature in six months to one year, and $912.0 million mature after one year. The absence of significant growth in deposits reflected the competitive environment of banking institutions and the wide array of investment opportunities available to consumers. While time deposit accounts have declined as a percentage of total deposits, MMDAs and checking accounts have increased as a percentage of total deposits. These latter two products have the benefit of lower interest costs compared with time deposit accounts. Even though MMDAs and checking accounts are liquid, they are considered by the Company to be the core relationship with its customers. In the aggregate, the Company views these core accounts to be a more stable source of long-term funding. While the vast majority of its deposits are retail in nature, the Company does engage in certain wholesale activities, primarily accepting time deposits from political subdivisions and public agencies. The Company considers wholesale deposits to be an alternative borrowing source rather than a customer relationship, and as such, their levels are determined by management's decisions as to the most economic funding sources. Borrowings. The Company's borrowings primarily take the form of federal funds purchased, commercial paper, reverse repurchase agreements and advances from the FHLBs of Seattle and San Francisco. The exact mix at any given time is dependent upon the market pricing of the individual borrowing sources. Borrowings consisted of the following: March 31, December 31, 1998 1997 ------------ ------------- (dollars in thousands) Federal funds purchased and commercial paper .... $ 4,208,718 $ 2,928,282 Reverse repurchase agreements.................... 14,414,500 12,279,040 Advances from FHLBs.............................. 20,858,731 20,301,963 Trust preferred securities....................... 800,000 800,000 Other borrowings................................. 2,714,490 2,689,362 ----------- ----------- $42,996,439 $38,998,647 =========== =========== 17 20 The following summarizes borrowings by date of maturity as of March 31, 1998: Due within After one one year year Total ------------- ------------ ----------- (dollars in thousands) Federal funds purchased and commercial paper.... $ 4,208,718 $ -- $ 4,208,718 Reverse repurchase agreements................... 8,465,412 5,949,088 14,414,500 Advances from FHLBs............................. 6,047,000 14,811,731 20,858,731 Trust preferred securities...................... -- 800,000 800,000 Other borrowings................................ 734,758 1,979,732 2,714,490 ----------- ----------- ---------- $19,455,888 $23,540,551 $42,996,439 =========== =========== =========== To fund the growth in mortgage lending and the purchase of agency MBS on the secondary market, the Company utilized wholesale borrowings which resulted in an increase of $4.00 billion in borrowing at March 31, 1998 compared with December 31, 1997. Specifically, due to relative pricing advantages, the Company increased its borrowings primarily through the use of reverse repurchase agreements and federal funds during the quarter. ASSET QUALITY Provision for Loan Losses and Reserve for Loan Losses. The provision for loan losses is based upon management's estimate of the amount necessary to maintain an adequate reserve for loan losses inherent in the Company's loan portfolio. The Company's determination of the level of the reserve and, correspondingly, the provision for loan losses rests upon various judgments and assumptions, including current and anticipated economic conditions, the underlying quality of the loan portfolio, prior loan loss experience, the Company's credit administration and asset management philosophy and procedures, and the regulatory examination process. The Company has an Officer's Loan Committee ("OLC") that reports to the Board of Directors and continuously reviews loan quality. The Company also has its internal staff regularly review the classification of commercial loans and report such classifications to the OLC. These reviews assist management in establishing reserve levels. Examinations by the Company's primary regulators generally occur annually and target various activities of the Company, including specific segments of the loan portfolio. As a result of the Company's analysis discussed above, the Company's reserve and provision declined from $688.0 million and $53.8 million in first quarter 1997 to $673.2 million and $45.3 million in first quarter 1998. 18 21 Changes in the reserve for loan losses were as follows: Three Months Ended ------------------------ March 31, March 31, 1998 1997 -------- -------- (dollars in thousands) Balance, beginning of period........... $670,494 $677,141 Provision for loan losses.............. 45,343 53,810 Reserves added through business combinations......................... -- 8,261 Loans charged off: SFR.................................. (15,205) (27,112) Commercial real estate............... (3,623) (5,348) Manufactured housing, second mortgage and other consumer........ (6,580) (4,646) Consumer finance..................... (22,105) (19,239) Commercial business.................. (1,031) (125) -------- -------- (48,544) (56,470) Recoveries of loans previously charged off: SFR.................................. 419 278 Commercial real estate............... 658 438 Manufactured housing, second mortgage and other consumer........ 385 372 Consumer finance..................... 4,273 4,139 Commercial business.................. 144 47 -------- -------- 5,879 5,274 -------- -------- Net charge offs........................ (42,665) (51,196) -------- -------- Balance, end of period................. $673,172 $688,016 ======== ======== As part of the process of determining the adequacy of the reserve for loan losses, management reviews the loan portfolio for specific weaknesses. A portion of the reserve is then either specified or allocated to reflect the identified loss exposure. SFR and consumer loans are not individually analyzed for impairment and loss exposure because of the significant number of loans and their relatively small individual balances. Commercial real estate, commercial business and builder construction loans are evaluated individually for impairment. At March 31, 1998, the Company had specific or allocated reserves totaling $87.6 million. Specific and allocated reserves were $90.5 million at December 31, 1997. Unallocated reserves are established for loss exposure that is not yet identified but may exist in the remainder of the loan portfolio. In determining the adequacy of unallocated reserves, management considers changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, historical loan loss experience, current and anticipated economic conditions, and the Company's credit administration and asset management philosophies and procedures. An analysis of the reserve for loan losses was as follows: March 31, December 31, 1998 1997 -------- -------- (dollars in thousands) Specific and allocated reserves: Commercial real estate...................... $ 80,348 $ 84,969 Commercial business......................... 5,230 3,277 Builder construction........................ 2,009 2,207 -------- -------- 87,587 90,453 Unallocated reserves.......................... 585,585 580,041 -------- -------- $673,172 $670,494 ======== ======== Total reserve for loan losses as a percentage of: Nonaccrual loans............................ 111% 112% Nonperforming assets........................ 84 83 19 22 The Company considers the reserve for loan losses of $673.2 million adequate to cover losses inherent in the loan portfolio at March 31, 1998. However, no assurance can be given that the Company will not, in any particular period, sustain loan losses that are sizable in relation to the amount reserved, or that subsequent evaluation of the loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, including economic conditions and the Company's ongoing examination process and that of its regulators, will not require significant increases in the reserve for loan losses. In addition to reviewing the adequacy of the reserve for loan losses, management also reviews any loan pool where the Company has a recourse obligation resulting from securitization of its loans. The Company has recorded an impairment to cover potential losses on this portfolio. At March 31, 1998, the Company had securitized $14.68 billion of loans with recourse. The related impairment totaled $38.0 million at March 31, 1998. The Company also maintains a contingent liability to cover potential losses on recourse MBS and loans that have been sold with recourse to third parties. At March 31, 1998, the Company had sold $1.86 billion of recourse MBS and loans sold with recourse, and the contingent liability totaled $9.8 million, which the Company considers adequate to cover estimated future losses. Both the impairment and contingent liability are evaluated periodically and any subsequent adjustments are recorded as a write down on loans securitized and retained. Increases to the contingent liability for off balance sheet items are recorded as gains on sales of loans and leases. Delinquent Assets. The Company regularly reviews its portfolio of accruing and performing loans for delinquencies. Loans with two or three delinquent payments were as follows: March 31, 1998 December 31, 1997 --------------------- ---------------------- Percent Percent of of Amount Portfolio Amount Portfolio -------- --------- -------- --------- (dollars in thousands) Delinquent loans(1): SFR............................ $536,570 0.77% $499,638 0.73% SFR construction............... 10,007 1.14 9,143 1.04 Commercial real estate......... 18,948 0.25 30,685 0.34 Manufactured housing........... 26,397 2.44 24,647 2.28 Second mortgage and other consumer..................... 32,670 1.08 55,121 2.02 Consumer finance............... 61,024 2.69 68,814 2.98 Commercial business............ 2,752 0.34 1,013 0.13 -------- -------- $688,368 0.81 $689,061 0.81 ======== ======== ______________ (1) Loans that have been securitized or sold for which the Company retains the credit risk are also included. 20 23 Nonperforming Assets. Assets considered to be nonperforming include nonaccrual loans and securities, foreclosed assets and real estate held for investment properties that do not generate sufficient income to meet return on investment criteria. When loans securitized or sold on a recourse basis are nonperforming, they are included in nonaccrual loans. Management's classification of a loan as nonaccrual does not necessarily indicate that the principal of the loan is uncollectable in whole or in part. Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when they are four payments or more past due. Nonperforming assets were $802.6 million or 0.78% of total assets at March 31, 1998 compared with $806.7 million or 0.83% of total assets at December 31, 1997. Nonperforming assets consisted of the following: March 31, 1998 December 31, 1997 -------------- ----------------- (dollars in thousands) Nonaccrual loans: Real estate loans: SFR................................... $480,518 $469,127 SFR construction...................... 11,385 10,413 Apartment buildings................... 16,440 17,296 Other commercial real estate.......... 21,274 25,825 --------- -------- 529,617 522,661 Manufactured housing.................. 11,526 11,127 Second mortgage and other consumer.... 11,743 14,071 Consumer finance...................... 48,719 50,930 Commercial business................... 2,429 2,585 --------- -------- 604,034 601,374 Foreclosed assets......................... 198,597 205,272 --------- -------- $802,631 $806,646 ========= ======== Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets 0.78% 0.83% The increase in consumer finance delinquencies, charge offs and loan loss provision reflected, in part, the growth of the portfolio but also a decline in the credit quality of the portfolio. Impaired Loans. Commercial real estate, commercial business and builder construction loans are individually evaluated for impairment. A loan in one of these categories is considered impaired when it is (i) probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, or (ii) a substandard loan, whether or not performing. Factors involved in determining impairment include, but are not limited to, the financial condition of the borrower, the value of the underlying collateral, and current economic conditions. At March 31, 1998, loans totaling $519.4 million were impaired, of which $442.2 million had allocated reserves of $87.6 million. The remaining $77.1 million were either nonperforming or previously written down and had no reserves allocated to them. Of the $519.4 million of impaired loans, $41.8 million were on nonaccrual status. 21 24 The amount of impaired loans and the related allocate reserve for loan losses were as follows: March 31, 1998 December 31, 1997 --------------------- -------------------- Loan Allocated Loan Allocated Amount Reserves Amount Reserves -------- --------- --------- --------- (dollars in thousands) Nonaccrual loans: With allocated reserves........ $ 23,804 $ 6,979 $ 33,980 $ 7,760 Without allocated reserves..... 18,035 -- 15,481 -- -------- ------- -------- ------- 41,839 6,979 49,461 7,760 Other impaired loans: With allocated reserves........ 418,446 80,608 420,662 82,693 Without allocated reserves..... 59,077 -- 81,160 -- -------- ------- -------- ------- 477,523 80,608 501,822 82,693 -------- ------- -------- ------- Total impaired loans.......... $519,362 $87,587 $551,283 $90,453 ======== ======= ======== ======= MARKET RISK AND ASSET/LIABILITY MANAGEMENT The long-run profitability of the Company depends not only on the success of the services it offers to its customers and the credit quality of its loans and securities, but also the extent to which its earnings are unaffected by changes in interest rates. The Company engages in a comprehensive asset and liability management program that attempts to reduce the risk of significant decreases in net interest income caused by interest-rate changes without unduly penalizing current earnings. A key component of this program is the origination and retention of short-term and adjustable-rate assets whose repricing characteristics more closely match the repricing characteristics of the Company's liabilities. At the same time, the Company's policy is to sell most fixed-rate loan originations. A conventional measure of interest-rate sensitivity for savings institutions is the one-year gap, which is calculated by dividing the difference between assets maturing or repricing within one year and total liabilities maturing or repricing within one year by total assets. The Company's assets and liabilities that mature or reprice within one year were as follows: March 31, December 31, 1998 1997 ------------ ------------- (dollars in thousands) Interest-sensitive assets............................... $78,872,975 $ 74,938,422 Derivative instruments designated against assets........ 300,000 1,450,000 Interest-sensitive liabilities.......................... (76,271,914) (70,204,799) Derivative instruments designated against liabilities... 608,800 1,078,400 ----------- ----------- Net asset sensitivity................................. $ 3,509,861 $ 7,262,023 =========== =========== One-year gap............................................ 3.40% 6.50% While the one-year gap helps provide some information about a financial institution's interest sensitivity, it does not predict the trend of future earnings. The Company uses financial modeling to forecast earnings under different interest-rate projections. Although this modeling is very helpful in managing interest-rate risk, it does require significant assumptions for the projection of loan prepayment rates, loan origination volumes and liability funding sources that may prove to be inaccurate. The Company monitors its interest-rate sensitivity and attempts to reduce the risk of a significant decrease in net interest income caused by a change in interest rates. 22 25 Asset and Liability Strategy. The Company's asset/liability strategy is to reduce the risk of significant decreases in net interest income caused by interest-rate changes without unduly penalizing current earnings. The implementation of strategies to reduce interest-rate risk, however, generally has a negative effect on earnings. Nevertheless, rising interest rates or a flat yield curve adversely affect the Company's operations. Management tries to balance these two factors in administering its interest-rate risk program. As part of this strategy, the Company actively manages asset and liability maturities. An inherent characteristic of the Company's deposit structure is customers' preference for liquidity. This is apparent from the fact that at March 31, 1998 the Company's MMDAs accounted for $12.04 billion or 23% of total deposits, and time deposit accounts with maturities less than one year totaled $23.43 billion or 46% of total deposits. Because its principal funding source of deposits is interest-rate sensitive, the Company's primary asset strategy is to originate and retain ARMs in the portfolio. During the first quarter of 1998 and 1997, the Company either sold or securitized and then sold the majority of the fixed-rate loans it originated, while retaining most of its ARM production. At March 31, 1998, 87% of the Company's total MBS and 81% of the Company's total loan portfolio had adjustable rates. LIQUIDITY Liquidity management focuses on the need to meet both short-term funding requirements and long-term growth objectives. The long-term growth objectives of the Company are to attract and retain stable consumer deposit relationships and to maintain stable sources of wholesale funds. Because the low interest-rate environment of recent years inhibited consumer deposits, Washington Mutual has supported its growth through business combinations with other financial institutions and by increasing its use of wholesale borrowings. Should the Company not be able to increase deposits either internally or through acquisitions, its ability to grow would be dependent upon, and to a certain extent limited by, its borrowing capacity. Washington Mutual monitors its ability to meet short-term cash requirements using guidelines established by its Board of Directors. The operating liquidity ratio is used to ensure that normal short-term secured borrowing capacity is sufficient to satisfy unanticipated cash needs. The volatile dependency ratio measures the degree to which the Company depends on wholesale funds maturing within one year weighted by the dependability of the source. At March 31, 1998, the Company had substantial liquidity compared with its established guidelines. WMB monitors its liquidity position as measured by certain predetermined ratios established by the FDIC as benchmarks for liquidity management. At March 31, 1998, WMB's ratios were above the minimums established by its Board of Directors. Regulations promulgated by the OTS require that the Company's federal savings banks maintain, for each calendar month, certain liquidity ratios. At March 31, 1998, each of the Company's federal savings banks' liquidity ratios was in excess of the regulatory minimums. As presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the sources of liquidity vary between years. The statement of cash flows includes operating, investing and financing categories. Cash flows from operating activities included net income for first quarter 1998 of $256.5 million, $69.4 million for noncash items offset by $959.7 million of other net cash flows used in operating activities. Cash flows from investing activities consisted mainly of both proceeds from and purchases of securities, and loan principal repayments and loan originations. For the first quarter 1998, cash flows from investing activities included sales and principal payments on securities and loans held for investment totaling $3.01 billion. Loans originated, net of principal payments, required $1.44 billion, and $5.67 billion was used for the purchase of securities. Cash flows from financing activities consisted of the net change in the Company's deposit accounts and short-term borrowings, the proceeds and repayments from both long-term reverse repurchase agreements and FHLB advances, and also the issuance of long-term debt. For the first quarter 1998, the above mentioned financing activities increased cash and cash equivalents by $4.32 billion on a net basis. Cash and cash equivalents were $1.06 billion at March 31, 1998. See "Consolidated Financial Statements -- Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows." At March 31, 1998, the Company was in a position to obtain approximately $28.00 billion in additional borrowings primarily through the use of collateralized borrowings and deposits of public funds using unpledged MBS and other wholesale sources. 23 26 CAPITAL ADEQUACY The Company's capital (stockholders' equity) was $5.44 billion at March 31, 1998 and $5.31 billion at December 31, 1997. At the end of first quarter 1998, the ratio of capital to total assets was 5.27% compared with 5.47% at December 31, 1997. The regulatory capital ratios of WMBFA, WMB and WMBfsb and minimum regulatory requirements to be categorized as well capitalized were as follows: MARCH 31, 1998 --------------------------------- WELL-CAPITALIZED WMBFA WMB WMBfsb MINIMUM ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- Capital ratios: Leverage...................... 5.69% 5.92% 6.57% 5.00% Tier 1 risk-based............. 9.86 9.99 10.46 6.00 Total risk-based.............. 11.41 10.74 11.62 10.00 The Company's federal savings bank subsidiaries are also required by OTS regulations to maintain core capital of at least 3.00% of assets and tangible capital of at least 1.50% of assets. WMBFA and WMBfsb each satisfied these requirements at March 31, 1998. The Company's securities subsidiaries are also subject to capital requirements. At March 31, 1998, all of Washington Mutual's securities subsidiaries were in compliance with their applicable capital requirements. IMPACT OF RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS SFAS No. 125, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, was issued in June 1996 and established, among other things, new criteria for determining whether a transfer of financial assets in exchange for cash or other consideration should be accounted for as a sale or as a pledge of collateral in a secured borrowing. As issued, SFAS No. 125 was effective for all transfers and servicing of financial assets and extinguishments of liabilities occurring after December 31, 1996. In December 1996, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS No. 127, Deferral of the Effective Date of Certain Provisions of FASB Statement No. 125. SFAS No. 127 defers for one year the effective date of certain provisions of SFAS No. 125. The Company has implemented SFAS No. 125, as amended by SFAS No. 127. The adoption did not have a material impact on the results of operations or financial position of the Company. SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income was issued in June 1997 and requires businesses to disclose comprehensive income and its components in their financial statements. This statement does not affect the results of operations or financial position of the Company. SFAS No. 130 was adopted on January 1, 1998. See Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 2: Comprehensive Income. SFAS No. 131, Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information was issued in June 1997 and redefined how operating segments are determined. SFAS No. 131 requires disclosure of certain financial and descriptive information about a company's operating segments. This statement was adopted on January 1, 1998, and did not impact the results of operations or financial position of the Company. SFAS No. 132, Employers' Disclosure about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits was issued February 1998 and standardizes the disclosure requirements for pensions and other postretirement benefits. Disclosure requirements for December 31, 1998 will not have a material impact on the result of operations or the financial position of the Company. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS Stock Split On April 20, 1998, the Company's Board of Directors declared a 3-for-2 common stock split in the form of a 50% stock dividend payable on June 1, 1998 to shareholders of record as of May 18, 1998. 24 27 PART II ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Washington Mutual, Inc. has certain litigation and negotiations in progress resulting from activities arising from normal operations. In the opinion of management, none of these matters is likely to have a materially adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operation. ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (A) EXHIBITS See Index of Exhibits on page 27. (B) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K A current report on Form 8-K dated March 17, 1998, as amended, March 18, 1998 containing Items 2 and 7 was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and included under Item 2 a description of the merger (the "Merger") of H.F. Ahmanson & Company with and into Washington Mutual, Inc. and a discussion regarding forward looking statements and factors to be considered. The report on Form 8-K, as amended, also included under item 7 the following exhibits: (i) Press Release dated March 17, 1998 announcing the Merger, (ii) copies of slides presented to investment analysts at a meeting on March 17, 1998, and (iii) the Agreement of Merger dated March 16, 1998 between Washington Mutual, Inc. and H.F. Ahmanson & Company. 25 28 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on May 14, 1998. WASHINGTON MUTUAL, INC. By: /s/ FAY L. CHAPMAN ------------------------------------ Fay L. Chapman Executive Vice President By: /s/ RICHARD M. LEVY ------------------------------------ Richard M. Levy Senior Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) 26 29 WASHINGTON MUTUAL, INC. INDEX OF EXHIBITS EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION - ----------- ----------- 3.1 Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant, as amended (the "Articles") (Incorporated by reference to the Washington Mutual, Inc. Annual Report to the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997, as amended on April 1, 1998). (File No. 0-25188). 3.2 Bylaws of the Registrant (Incorporated by reference to the Washington Mutual, Inc. Annual Report to the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995. File No. 0-25188). 10.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger between Washington Mutual, Inc. and H.F. Ahmanson & Company ("Ahmanson") dated March 16, 1998 (Incorporated by reference to the Washington Mutual, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 17, 1998, as amended March 18, 1998). 10.2 Stock Option Agreement between Washington Mutual, Inc. and Ahmanson, dated March 16, 1998. 27 Financial Data Schedule. 27