EXHIBIT 3.2
AMENDED AND RESTATED
BYLAWS
OF
JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
ARTICLE I
CORPORATE OFFICES
1.1 REGISTERED OFFICE
The registered office of the Corporation shall be 1209 Orange Street, in the
City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware, 19801. The name of
the registered agent of the Corporation at such location is The Corporation
Trust Company.
1.2 OTHER OFFICES
The board of directors may at any time establish other offices at any place or
places where the Corporation is qualified to do business.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
2.1 PLACE OF MEETINGS
Meetings of stockholders shall be held at any place, within or outside the State
of Delaware, designated by the board of directors. In the absence of any such
designation, stockholders' meetings shall be held at the registered office of
the Corporation.
2.2 ANNUAL MEETING
The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held each year on a date and at a
time designated by the board of directors. At the meeting, directors shall be
elected and any other proper business may be transacted.
2.3 SPECIAL MEETING
A special meeting of the stockholders may be called at any time by the (i) board
of directors, (ii) the chairman of the board, (iii) the president, or (iv) the
chief executive officer.
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Prior to such time as a Registration Statement regarding the sale of the
Corporation's Common Stock to the public is declared effective by the Securities
and Exchange Commission, a special meeting of the stockholders may be called at
any time by one or more stockholders holding a majority of the outstanding
voting shares.
If a special meeting is called by any person other than the board of directors,
the request shall be in writing, specifying the time of such meeting and the
general nature of the business proposed to be transacted, and shall be delivered
personally or sent by registered mail or by telegraphic or other facsimile
transmission to the chairman of the board, the president, any vice president, or
the secretary of the corporation. No business may be transacted at such special
meeting otherwise than specified in such notice. The officer receiving the
request shall cause notice to be promptly given to the stockholders entitled to
vote, in accordance with the provisions of Sections 2.4 and 2.5 of this Article
II, that a meeting will be held at the time requested by the person or persons
who called the meeting, not less than thirty-five (35) nor more than sixty (60)
days after the receipt of the request. If the notice is not given within twenty
(20) days after the receipt of the request, the person or persons requesting the
meeting may give the notice. Nothing contained in this paragraph of this Section
2.3 shall be construed as limiting, fixing, or affecting the time when a meeting
of stockholders called by action of the board of directors may be held.
2.4 NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS
All notices of meetings with stockholders shall be in writing and shall be sent
or otherwise given in accordance with Section 2.6 of these Bylaws not less than
ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each
stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify the
place, date and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the
purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.
2.5 ADVANCE NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER NOMINEES AND STOCKHOLDER BUSINESS
To be properly brought before an annual meeting or special meeting, nominations
for the election of director or other business must be (a) specified in the
notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of
the board of directors, (b) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or
at the direction of the board of directors, or (c) otherwise properly brought
before the meeting by a stockholder. For such nominations or other business to
be considered properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder, such
stockholder must have given timely written notice and in proper form of his
intent to bring such business before such meeting. To be timely, such
stockholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the
secretary of the Corporation not less than one hundred twenty (120) days prior
to the date of the Corporation's proxy statement released to stockholders in
connection with the Corporation's previous year's annual meeting of
stockholders. To be in proper form, a
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stockholder's notice to the secretary shall set forth:
(i) the name and address of the stockholder who intends to make the
nominations, propose the business, and, as the case may be, the name and address
of the person or persons to be nominated or the nature of the business to be
proposed;
(ii) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of
the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and, if applicable, intends to
appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons
specified in the notice or introduce the business specified in the notice;
(iii) if applicable, a description of all arrangements or understandings
between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming
such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to
be made by the stockholder;
(iv) such other information regarding each nominee or each matter of
business to be proposed by such stockholder as would be required to be included
in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the Securities and
Exchange Commission had the nominee been nominated, or intended to be nominated,
or the matter been proposed, or intended to be proposed by the board of
directors; and
(v) if applicable, the consent of each nominee to serve as director of the
Corporation if so elected.
The chairman of the meeting may refuse to acknowledge the nomination of any
person or the proposal of any business not made in compliance with the foregoing
procedure.
2.6 MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE; AFFIDAVIT OF NOTICE
Written notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when
deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the
stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. An
affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary or of the transfer agent of
the Corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud,
be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
2.7 QUORUM
The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to
vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a
quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business
except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation.
If, however, such quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the
stockholders, then either (i) the chairman of the meeting, or (ii) the
stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by
proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice
other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present
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or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or
represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at
the meeting as originally noticed.
When a quorum is present or represented at any meeting, the vote of the holders
of a majority of the stock having voting power present in person or represented
by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the
question is one upon which, by express provisions of the statutes or of the
Certificate of Incorporation, a different vote is required, in which case such
express provision shall govern and control the decision of the question.
2.8 ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE
When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these Bylaws
otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time
and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is
taken. At the adjourned meeting the Corporation may transact any business that
might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for
more than 30 days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for
the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each
stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
2.9 VOTING
The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be
determined in accordance with the provisions of Sections 2.12 and 2.14 of these
Bylaws, subject to the provisions of Sections 217 and 218 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware (relating to voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors
and joint owners of stock and to voting trusts and other voting agreements).
Except as may be otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each
stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held
by such stockholder.
2.10 WAIVER OF NOTICE
Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware or of the Certificate of Incorporation or these
Bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice,
whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to
notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice
of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express
purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any
business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting
of the stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so
required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
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2.11 STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING
Notwithstanding the following provisions of this Section 2.11, effective upon
the listing of the Common Stock of the Corporation on the Nasdaq Stock Market
and the registration of any class of securities of the Corporation pursuant to
the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the
stockholders of the Corporation may not take action by written consent without a
meeting but must take any such actions at a duly called annual or special
meeting.
Except as otherwise provided in this Section 2.11, any action required by this
chapter to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of a
Corporation, or any action that may be taken at any annual or special meeting of
such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and
without a vote if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is
signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum
number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a
meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.
Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less
than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not
consented in writing. If the action which is consented to is such as would have
required the filing of a certificate under any section of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware if such action had been voted on by stockholders at
a meeting thereof, then the certificate filed under such section shall state, in
lieu of any statement required by such section concerning any vote of
stockholders, that written notice and written consent have been given as
provided in Section 228 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
2.12 RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING; GIVING CONSENTS
In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice
of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or
entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or
entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment
of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change,
conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action,
the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be
more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more
than 60 days prior to any other action.
If the board of directors does not so fix a record date, the fixing of such
record date shall be governed by the provisions of Section 213 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware.
A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a
meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided,
however, that the
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board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
2.13 PROXIES
Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express
consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may
authorize another person or persons to act for him by a written proxy, signed by
the stockholder and filed with the secretary of the Corporation, but no such
proxy shall be voted or acted upon after 3 years from its date, unless the proxy
provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be deemed signed if the
stockholder's name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual signature,
typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by the stockholder or the
stockholder's attorney-in-fact. The revocability of a proxy that states on its
face that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Section
212(c) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
2.14 LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of a Corporation shall prepare
and make, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list
of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical
order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares
registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the
examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during
ordinary business hours, for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting,
either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place
shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the
place where the meeting is to be held. The stock ledger shall also be produced
and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and
may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. The stock ledger shall be
the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock
ledger, the list of stockholders or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in
person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders and of the number of shares
held by each such stockholder.
2.15 CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the chairman of the board, if
any, or in his absence by the president, or in his absence by a vice president,
or in the absence of the foregoing persons by a chairman designated by the board
of directors, or in the absence of such designation by a chairman chosen at the
meeting. The secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his absence
the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the
meeting. The chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order
of business and the procedures at the meeting, including such matters as the
regulation of the manner of voting and conduct of business.
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ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
3.1 POWERS
Subject to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware and any
limitations in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws relating to
action required to be approved by the stockholders or by the outstanding shares,
the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed and all corporate
powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the board of directors.
3.2 NUMBER
The authorized number of directors of the Corporation shall be nine (9). No
reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of
removing any director before that director's term of office expires.
3.3 CLASSES OF DIRECTORS
At such time as a Registration Statement regarding the sale of the Corporation's
Common Stock to the public is declared effective by the Securities and Exchange
Commission, the Directors shall be divided into three classes designated as
Class I, Class II and Class III, respectively. Directors shall be assigned to
each class in accordance with a resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board
of Directors. At the first annual meeting of stockholders following the closing
of the Initial Public Offering, the term of office of the Class I Directors
shall expire and Class I Directors shall be elected for a full term of three
years. At the second annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the
Initial Public Offering, the term of office of the Class II Directors shall
expire and Class II Directors shall be elected for a full term of three years.
At the third annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Initial
Public Offering, the term of office of the Class III Directors shall expire and
Class III Directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At each
succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, Directors shall be elected for a full
term of three years to succeed the Directors of the class whose terms expire at
such annual meeting.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Article, each Director shall
serve until his successor is duly elected and qualified or until his earlier
death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of Directors
constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent
Director.
3.4 RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES
Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation.
Stockholders may remove directors with or without cause. Any vacancy occurring
in the board of
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directors with or without cause may be filled by a majority of the remaining
members of the board of directors, although such majority is less than a quorum,
or by a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders, and each
director so elected shall hold office until the expiration of the term of office
of the director whom he has replaced.
Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws:
(i) Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase
in the authorized number of directors elected by all of the stockholders having
the right to vote as a single class may be filled by a majority of the directors
then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.
(ii) Whenever the holders of any class or classes of stock or series thereof
are entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of the Certificate
of Incorporation, vacancies and newly created directorships of such class or
classes or series may be filled by a majority of the directors elected by such
class or classes or series thereof then in office, or by a sole remaining
director so elected.
If at any time, by reason of death or resignation or other cause, the
Corporation should have no directors in office, then any officer or any
stockholder or an executor, administrator, trustee or guardian of a stockholder,
or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or estate
of a stockholder, may apply to the Court of Chancery for a decree summarily
ordering an election as provided in Section 211 of the General Corporation Law
of Delaware. If, at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created
directorship, the directors then in office constitute less than a majority of
the whole board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), then
the Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders
holding at least 10% of the total number of the shares at the time outstanding
having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be
held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace
the directors chosen by the directors then in office as aforesaid, which
election shall be governed by the provisions of Section 211 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware as far as applicable.
3.5 PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE
The board of directors of the Corporation may hold meetings, both regular and
special, either within or outside the State of Delaware.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws,
members of the board of directors, or any committee designated by the board of
directors, may participate in a meeting of the board of directors, or any
committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment
by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other,
and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the
meeting.
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3.6 REGULAR MEETINGS
Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without notice at such
time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the board.
3.7 SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE
Special meetings of the board of directors for any purpose or purposes may be
called at any time by the chairman of the board, the president, any vice
president, the secretary or any two directors.
Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered personally
or by telephone to each director or sent by first-class mail or telegram,
charges prepaid, addressed to each director at that director's address as it is
shown on the records of the Corporation. If the notice is mailed, it shall be
deposited in the United States mail at least 4 days before the time of the
holding of the meeting. If the notice is delivered personally or by telephone or
by telegram, it shall be delivered personally or by telephone or to the
telegraph company at least 48 hours before the time of the holding of the
meeting. Any oral notice given personally or by telephone may be communicated
either to the director or to a person at the office of the director who the
person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to
the director. The notice need not specify the purpose or the place of the
meeting, if the meeting is to be held at the principal executive office of the
Corporation.
3.8 QUORUM
At all meetings of the board of directors, a majority of the authorized number
of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the
act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a
quorum shall be the act of the board of directors, except as may be otherwise
specifically provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation.
3.9 WAIVER OF NOTICE
Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware or of the Certificate of Incorporation or these
Bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice,
whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to
notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice
of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express
purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any
business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting
of the directors, or members of a committee of directors, need be specified in
any written waiver of notice unless so required by the Certificate of
Incorporation or these Bylaws.
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3.10 ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE
If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the board of directors, then the
directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without
notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present.
3.11 CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
Meetings of the board of directors shall be presided over by the chairman of the
board, if any, or in his absence by the chief executive officer, or in their
absence by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The secretary shall act as
secretary of the meeting, but in his absence the chairman of the meeting may
appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. The chairman of any
meeting shall determine the order of business and the procedures at the meeting.
3.12 BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws,
any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of
directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all
members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in
writing and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of
the board or committee.
3.13 FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws,
the board of directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of
directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at
each meeting of the board of directors and may be paid a fixed sum for
attendance at each meeting of the board of directors or a stated salary as
director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the
Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members
of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending
committee meetings.
3.14 REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
Unless otherwise restricted by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or
by these Bylaws, any director or the entire board of directors may be removed,
with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled
to vote at an election of directors. If at any time a class or series of shares
is entitled to elect one or more directors, the provisions of this Article 3.14
shall apply to the vote of that class or series and not to the vote of the
outstanding shares as a whole.
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ARTICLE IV
COMMITTEES
4.1 COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS
The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole
board, designate one or more committees, with each committee to consist of one
or more of the directors of the Corporation. The board may designate one or more
directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or
disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof
present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or
they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of
directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified
member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the
board of directors or in the Bylaws of the Corporation, shall have and may
exercise all the powers and authority of the board of directors in the
management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the
seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but no
such committee shall have the power or authority to (i) amend the Certificate of
Incorporation (except that a committee may, to the extent authorized in the
resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted
by the board of directors as provided in Section 151(a) of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware, fix any of the preferences or rights of such shares
relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any distribution of assets of
the Corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares for,
shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any
other class or classes of stock of the Corporation), (ii) adopt an agreement of
merger or consolidation under Sections 251 or 252 of the General Corporation Law
of Delaware, (iii) recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of
all or substantially all of the Corporation's property and assets, (iv)
recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation
of a dissolution, or (v) amend the Bylaws of the Corporation; and, unless the
board resolution establishing the committee, the Bylaws or the Certificate of
Incorporation expressly so provide, no such committee shall have the power or
authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock, or to adopt
a certificate of ownership and merger pursuant to Section 253 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware.
4.2 COMMITTEE MINUTES
Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to
the board of directors when required.
4.3 MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES
Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and taken in
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accordance with, the provisions of Article III of these Bylaws, Section 3.5
(place of meetings and meetings by telephone), Section 3.6 (regular meetings),
Section 3.7 (special meetings and notice), Section 3.8 (quorum), Section 3.9
(waiver of notice), Section 3.10 (adjournment and notice of adjournment),
Section 3.11 (conduct of business) and 3.12 (action without a meeting), with
such changes in the context of those Bylaws as are necessary to substitute the
committee and its members for the board of directors and its members; provided,
however, that the time of regular meetings of committees may also be called by
resolution of the board of directors and that notice of special meetings of
committees shall also be given to all alternate members, who shall have the
right to attend all meetings of the committee. The board of directors may adopt
rules for the government of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions
of these Bylaws.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
5.1 OFFICERS
The officers of the Corporation shall be a chief executive officer, one or more
vice presidents, a secretary and a chief financial officer. The Corporation may
also have, at the discretion of the board of directors, a chairman of the board,
a president, a chief operating officer, one or more executive, senior or
assistant vice presidents, assistant secretaries and any such other officers as
may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.2 of these
Bylaws. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.
5.2 APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS
Except as otherwise provided in this Section 5.2, the officers of the
Corporation shall be appointed by the board of directors, subject to the rights,
if any, of an officer under any contract of employment. The board of directors
may appoint, or empower an officer to appoint, such officers and agents of the
business as the Corporation may require (whether or not such officer or agent is
described in this Article V), each of whom shall hold office for such period,
have such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these Bylaws or
as the board of directors may from time to time determine. Any vacancy occurring
in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the board of directors or
may be filled by the officer, if any, who appointed such officer.
5.3 REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS
Subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment,
any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an affirmative vote
of the majority of the board of directors at any regular or special meeting of
the board or, except in the case of an officer chosen by the board of directors,
by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the board of
directors or, in the case of an officer
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appointed by another officer, by such other officer.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Corporation.
Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or
at any later time specified in that notice; and, unless otherwise specified in
that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it
effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the
Corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party.
5.4 CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
The chairman of the board, if such an officer be elected, shall, if present,
preside at meetings of the board of directors and exercise and perform such
other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the board
of directors or as may be prescribed by these Bylaws. If there is no chief
executive officer, then the chairman of the board shall also be the chief
executive officer of the Corporation and shall have the powers and duties
prescribed in Section 5.5 of these Bylaws.
5.5 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
The Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation shall, subject to the control of
the Board of Directors, have general supervision, direction and control of the
business and the officers of the Corporation. He or she shall preside at all
meetings of the stockholders and, in the absence or nonexistence of a Chairman
of the Board at all meetings of the Board of Directors. He or she shall have the
general powers and duties of management usually vested in the chief executive
officer of a Corporation, including general supervision, direction and control
of the business and supervision of other officers of the Corporation, and shall
have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors
or these Bylaws.
The Chief Executive Officer shall, without limitation, have the authority to
execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of
the Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise
signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be
expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of
the Corporation.
5.6 PRESIDENT
Subject to such supervisory powers as may be given by these Bylaws or the Board
of Directors to the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer, if
there be such officers, the president shall have general supervision, direction
and control of the business and supervision of other officers of the
Corporation, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by
the Board of Directors or these Bylaws. In the event a Chief Executive Officer
shall not be appointed, the President shall have the duties of such office.
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5.7 VICE PRESIDENT
In the absence or disability of the president, the vice presidents, if any, in
order of their rank as fixed by the board of directors or, if not ranked, a vice
president designated by the board of directors, shall perform all the duties of
the chief executive officer and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and
be subject to all the restrictions upon, the chief executive officer. The vice
presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from
time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the board of directors,
these Bylaws, the chief executive officer or the chairman of the board.
5.8 SECRETARY
The secretary shall keep or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office
of the Corporation or such other place as the board of directors may direct, a
book of minutes of all meetings and actions of directors, committees of
directors, and stockholders. The minutes shall show the time and place of each
meeting, whether regular or special (and, if special, how authorized and the
notice given), the names of those present at directors' meetings or committee
meetings, the number of shares present or represented at stockholders' meetings,
and the proceedings thereof.
The secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office
of the Corporation or at the office of the Corporation's transfer agent or
registrar, as determined by resolution of the board of directors, a share
register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of all stockholders
and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each, the number
and date of certificates evidencing such shares, and the number and date of
cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation. The secretary
shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and
of the board of directors required to be given by law or by these Bylaws. He
shall keep the seal of the Corporation, if one be adopted, in safe custody and
shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed
by the board of directors or by these Bylaws.
5.9 CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
The chief financial officer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and
maintained, adequate and correct books and records of accounts of the properties
and business transactions of the Corporation, including accounts of its assets,
liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital, retained earnings
and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open to
inspection by any director.
The chief financial officer shall deposit all money and other valuables in the
name and to the credit of the Corporation with such depositaries as may be
designated by the board of directors. He shall disburse the funds of the
Corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors, shall render to the
chief executive officer and directors, whenever
14
they request it, an account of all of his transactions as treasurer and of the
financial condition of the Corporation, and shall have such other powers and
perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or
these Bylaws.
5.10 ASSISTANT SECRETARY
The assistant secretary, or, if there is more than one, the assistant
secretaries in the order determined by the stockholders or board of directors
(or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election)
shall, in the absence of the secretary or in the event of his or her inability
or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of
directors or the stockholders may from time to time prescribe.
5.11 AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS
In addition to the foregoing authority and duties, all officers of the
Corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in
the management of the business of the Corporation as may be designated from time
to time by the board of directors or the stockholders.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNITY
6.1 THIRD PARTY ACTIONS
The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is
threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action,
suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
(other than an action by an agent of the Corporation), or is or was serving at
the request of the Corporation, any predecessor of the Corporation, or any
subsidiary of the Corporation, as a director or officer of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture trust or other enterprise, against expenses
(including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement
actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or
proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to
be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, any predecessor
of the Corporation, or any subsidiary of the Corporation, and, with respect to
any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his
conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by
judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or
its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did
not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or
not opposed to the best interest of the Corporation, any predecessor of the
Corporation, or any subsidiary of the Corporation, and, with respect to any
criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct
was unlawful.
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The Corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened
to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than
an action by an agent of the Corporation), or is or was serving at the request
of the Corporation, any predecessor of the Corporation, or any subsidiary of the
Corporation, as an employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorney's fees),
judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred
by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good
faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Corporation, any predecessor of the Corporation, or any
subsidiary of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or
proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The
termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement,
conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of
itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a
manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest
of the Corporation, any predecessor of the Corporation, or any subsidiary of the
Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had
reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
6.2 ACTIONS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE CORPORATION
The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is
threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or
suit by or in the right of the Corporation, any predecessor of the Corporation,
or any subsidiary of the Corporation, to procure a judgment in its favor by
reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer of Corporation, any
predecessor of the Corporation, or any subsidiary of the Corporation, or is or
was serving at the request of the Corporation, any predecessor of the
Corporation, or any subsidiary of the Corporation, as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and
reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such
action or suit if he acted in good faith and in manner he reasonably believed to
be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, any predecessor
of the Corporation, or any subsidiary of the Corporation, and except that no
indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to
which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation, any
predecessor of the Corporation, or any subsidiary of the Corporation, unless and
only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which
such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite
the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case,
such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses
which the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
The Corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened
to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or
in the right of
16
the Corporation, any predecessor of the Corporation, or any subsidiary of the
Corporation, to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is
or was an employee or agent of the Corporation, any predecessor of the
Corporation, or any subsidiary of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the
request of the Corporation, any predecessor of the Corporation, or any
subsidiary of the Corporation, as a director, officer, employee or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise
against expenses (including attorney's fees) actually and reasonably incurred by
him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he
acted in good faith and in manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed
to the best interests of the Corporation, any predecessor of the Corporation, or
any subsidiary of the Corporation, and except that no indemnification shall be
made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have
been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation, any predecessor of the
Corporation, or any subsidiary of the Corporation, unless and only to the extent
that the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit
was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of
liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is
fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Delaware
Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
6.3 SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE
To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation,
any predecessor of the Corporation, or any subsidiary of the Corporation, has
been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or
proceeding referred to in Sections 6.1 and 6.2, or in defense of any claim,
issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including
attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection
therewith.
6.4 DETERMINATION OF CONDUCT
Any indemnification under Sections 6.1 and 6.2 (unless ordered by a court) shall
be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a
determination that the indemnification of the director, officer, employee or
agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard
of conduct set forth in Sections 6.1 and 6.2. Such determination shall be made
(1) by the board of Directors or the Executive Committee by a majority vote of a
quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or
proceeding, or (2) or if such quorum is not obtainable or, even if obtainable, a
quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a
written opinion, or (3) by the stockholders.
6.5 PAYMENT OF EXPENSES IN ADVANCE
Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding
shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such
action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the
director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately
be determined that he is
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not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article
VI.
6.6 INDEMNITY NOT EXCLUSIVE
The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided or granted pursuant to
the other subsections of this section shall not be deemed exclusive of any other
rights or limiting any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or
advancement of expenses may be entitled under any by-law, certificate of
incorporation, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or
otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in
another while holding such office.
6.7 INSURANCE INDEMNIFICATION
The Corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on
behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the
Corporation, any predecessor of the Corporation, or any subsidiary of the
Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation, as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him
and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such,
whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him against
such liability under the provisions of this Article VI.
6.8 THE CORPORATION
For purposes of this Article VI, references to "the Corporation" shall include,
in addition to the resulting Corporation, any constituent corporation (including
any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which,
if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to
indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person
who is was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent
corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under
and subject to the provisions of this Article VI (including, without limitation
the provisions of Section 6.4) with respect to the resulting or surviving
corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its
separate existence had continued.
6.9 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
For purposes of this Article VI, references to "other enterprises" shall include
employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes
assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to
"serving at the request of the Corporation" shall include any service as a
director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on,
or involves services by, such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect
to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and a person
who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably deemed to have acted in a
manner "not opposed to the best interests of the
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Corporation" as referred to in this Article VI.
6.10 CONTINUATION OF INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES
The indemnification and advanced of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant
to, this Article VI shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or
ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer,
employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and
administrators of such a person.
6.11 INDEMNITY FUND
Upon resolution passed by the Board, the Corporation may create a trust fund,
grant a security interest and/or use other means (including, without limitation,
letters of credit, surety bonds and/or similar arrangements), to ensure the
payment of certain of its obligations arising under this Article VI and/or
agreements which may be entered into between the Corporation and its officers
and/or directors from time to time.
ARTICLE VII
RECORDS AND REPORTS
7.1 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS
The Corporation shall, either at its principal executive office or at such place
or places as designated by the board of directors, keep a record of its
stockholders listing their names and addresses and the number and class of
shares held by each stockholder, a copy of these Bylaws as amended to date,
accounting books, and other records.
Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon
written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the
usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the Corporation's
stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records and to
make copies or extracts therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean a purpose
reasonably related to such person's interest as a stockholder. In every instance
where an attorney or other agent is the person who seeks the right to
inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or
such other writing that authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on
behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to the
Corporation at its registered office in Delaware or at its principal place of
business.
7.2 INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS
Any director shall have the right to examine the Corporation's stock ledger, a
list of its stockholders and its other books and records for a purpose
reasonably related to his position as a director. The Court of Chancery is
hereby vested with the exclusive jurisdiction to determine whether a director is
entitled to the inspection sought. The Court may summarily order the Corporation
to permit the director to inspect any and all
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books and records, the stock ledger, and the stock list and to make copies or
extracts therefrom. The Court may, in its discretion, prescribe any limitations
or conditions with reference to the inspection, or award such other and further
relief as the Court may deem just and proper.
7.3 REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS
The chairman of the board, the chief executive officer, any vice president, the
chief financial officer, the secretary or assistant secretary of this
Corporation, or any other person authorized by the board of directors or the
chief executive officer or a vice president, is authorized to vote, represent,
and exercise on behalf of this Corporation all rights incident to any and all
shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of this
Corporation. The authority granted herein may be exercised either by such person
directly or by any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of
attorney duly executed by such person having the authority.
ARTICLE VIII
GENERAL MATTERS
8.1 CHECKS
From time to time, the board of directors shall determine by resolution which
person or persons may sign or endorse all checks, drafts, other orders for
payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness that are issued in
the name of or payable to the Corporation, and only the persons so authorized
shall sign or endorse those instruments.
8.2 EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS
The board of directors, except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, may
authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any
contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the
Corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
Unless so authorized or ratified by the board of directors or within the agency
power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or
authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its
credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.
8.3 STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES
The shares of a corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that
the board of directors of the Corporation may provide by resolution or
resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall
be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares
represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the
Corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the board of
directors, every holder of stock represented by certificates and upon
20
request every holder of uncertificated shares shall be entitled to have a
certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by the chairman or
vice-chairman of the board of directors, or the president or vice-president, and
by the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary or an assistant
secretary of such Corporation representing the number of shares registered in
certificate form. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a
facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or
whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has to be such
officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may
be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer,
transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
The Corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly paid and
subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid therefor. Upon
the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent any such partly
paid shares, upon the books and records of the Corporation in the case of
uncertificated partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be
paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated. Upon the declaration
of any dividend on fully paid shares, the Corporation shall declare a dividend
upon partly paid shares of the same class, but only upon the basis of the
percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.
8.4 SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES
If the Corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more
than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the
preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights
of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or
restrictions of such preferences and"or rights shall be set forth in full or
summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the Corporation shall
issue to represent such class or series of stock; provided, however, that,
except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the General Corporation Law of
Delaware, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the
face or back of the certificate that the Corporation shall issue to represent
such class or series of stock a statement that the Corporation will furnish
without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, the designations,
the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special
rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and"or rights.
8.5 LOST CERTIFICATES
Except as provided in this Section 8.5, no new certificates for shares shall be
issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is
surrendered to the Corporation and cancelled at the same time. The Corporation
may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in the place of
any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or
destroyed, and the Corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or
destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a
bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on
account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the
issuance of such
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new certificate or uncertificated shares.
8.6 CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS
Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of
construction, and definitions in the Delaware General Corporation Law shall
govern the construction of these Bylaws. Without limiting the generality of this
provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes
the singular, and the term "person" includes both a Corporation and a natural
person.
8.7 DIVIDENDS
The directors of the Corporation, subject to any restrictions contained in the
Certificate of Incorporation, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of
its capital stock pursuant to the General Corporation Law of Delaware. Dividends
may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the Corporation's capital
stock.
The directors of the Corporation may set apart out of any of the funds of the
Corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose
and may abolish any such reserve. Such purposes shall include but not be limited
to equalizing dividends, repairing or maintaining any property of the
Corporation, and meeting contingencies.
8.8 FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the board of
directors and may be changed by the board of directors.
8.9 SEAL
The Corporation may adopt a corporate seal, which may be altered at pleasure,
and may use the same by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or
affixed or in any other manner reproduced.
8.10 TRANSFER OF STOCK
Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a
certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of
succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the
Corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel
the old certificate, and record the transaction in its books.
8.11 STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS
The Corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with
any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of the
Corporation to
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restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the Corporation of any one or more
classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the General
Corporation Law of Delaware.
8.12 REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS
The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person
registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote
as such owner, shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and assessments the
person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to
recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on
the part of another person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice
thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS
The original or other Bylaws of the Corporation may be adopted, amended or
repealed by the stockholders entitled to vote; provided, however, that the
Corporation may, in its Certificate of Incorporation, confer the power to adopt,
amend or repeal Bylaws upon the directors. The fact that such power has been so
conferred upon the directors shall not divest the stockholders of the power, nor
limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws.
ARTICLE X
DISSOLUTION
If it should be deemed advisable in the judgment of the board of directors of
the Corporation that the Corporation should be dissolved, the board, after the
adoption of a resolution to that effect by a majority of the whole board at any
meeting called for that purpose, shall cause notice to be mailed to each
stockholder entitled to vote thereon of the adoption of the resolution and of a
meeting of stockholders to take action upon the resolution.
At the meeting a vote shall be taken for and against the proposed dissolution.
If a majority of the outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote
thereon votes for the proposed dissolution, then a certificate stating that the
dissolution has been authorized in accordance with the provisions of Section 275
of the General Corporation Law of Delaware and setting forth the names and
residences of the directors and officers shall be executed, acknowledged, and
filed and shall become effective in accordance with Section 103 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware. Upon such certificate's becoming effective in
accordance with Section 103 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, the
Corporation shall be dissolved.
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ARTICLE XI
CUSTODIAN
11.1 APPOINTMENT OF A CUSTODIAN IN CERTAIN CASES
The Court of Chancery, upon application of any stockholder, may appoint one or
more persons to be custodians and, if the Corporation is insolvent, to be
receivers, of and for the Corporation when:
(i) at any meeting held for the election of directors the stockholders are
so divided that they have failed to elect successors to directors whose terms
have expired or would have expired upon qualification of their successors; or
(ii) the business of the Corporation is suffering or is threatened with
irreparable injury because the directors are so divided respecting the
management of the affairs of the Corporation that the required vote for action
by the board of directors cannot be obtained and the stockholders are unable to
terminate this division; or
(iii) the Corporation has abandoned its business and has failed within a
reasonable time to take steps to dissolve, liquidate or distribute its assets.
11.2 DUTIES OF CUSTODIAN
The custodian shall have all the powers and title of a receiver appointed under
Section 291 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, but the authority of the
custodian shall be to continue the business of the Corporation and not to
liquidate its affairs and distribute its assets, except when the Court of
Chancery otherwise orders and except in cases arising under Sections 226(a)(3)
or 352(a)(2) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
ARTICLE XII
LOANS TO OFFICERS
The Corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise
assist any officer or other employee of the Corporation or of its subsidiaries,
including any officer or employee who is a Director of the Corporation or its
subsidiaries, whenever, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, such loan,
guarantee or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the Corporation.
The loan, guarantee or other assistance may be with or without interest and may
be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of Directors shall approve,
including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the Corporation.
Nothing in this Bylaw shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers of
guaranty or warranty of the Corporation at common law or under any statute.
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