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                                                                       EXHIBIT 4











                           SAFEGUARD SCIENTIFICS, INC.

                                       and

                    CHASEMELLON SHAREHOLDER SERVICES, L.L.C.

                                 as Rights Agent







                                RIGHTS AGREEMENT

                          Dated as of February 28, 2000
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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS



Section                                                                                                            Page


                                                                                                                
1.  Certain Definitions. ......................................................................................      -1-

2.  Appointment of Rights Agent.  .............................................................................      -5-

3.  Issue of Rights Certificates. .............................................................................      -6-

4.  Form of Rights Certificates. ..............................................................................      -7-

5.  Countersignature and Registration..........................................................................      -9-

6.  Transfer, Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Rights Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen
         Rights Certificates...................................................................................      -9-

7.  Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights..............................................     -10-

8.  Cancellation and Destruction of Rights Certificates. ......................................................     -12-

9.  Reservation and Availability of Capital Stock; Registration of Securities..................................     -13-

10.  Capital Stock Record Date. ...............................................................................     -15-

11.  Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number and Kind of Shares or Number of Rights. .............................     -15-

12.  Certificate of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number of Shares. ..............................................     -24-

13.  Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power......................................     -24-

14.  Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares...................................................................     -27-

15.  Rights of Action. ........................................................................................     -29-

16.  Agreement of Rights Holders. .............................................................................     -29-

17.  Rights Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Shareholder.  .....................................................     -30-

18.  Concerning the Rights Agent...............................................................................     -30-

19.  Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent.................................................     -31-

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20.  Duties of Rights Agent. ..................................................................................     -31-

21.  Change of Rights Agent. ..................................................................................     -34-

23.  Redemption and Termination................................................................................     -35-

25. Notice of Certain Events...................................................................................     -37-

26.  Notices. .................................................................................................     -38-

27.  Supplements and Amendments.  .............................................................................     -39-

28.  Successors. ..............................................................................................     -40-

29.  Determinations and Actions by the Board of Directors, etc. ...............................................     -40-

30.  Benefits of this Agreement. ..............................................................................     -41-

31.  Severability. ............................................................................................     -41-

32.  Governing Law. ...........................................................................................     -42-

33.  Counterparts. ............................................................................................     -42-

34.  Descriptive Headings. ....................................................................................     -42-



Exhibit A         Resolution of the Board of Directors with respect to
                  Series A Junior Participating Preferred Shares

Exhibit B         Form of Rights Certificate
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                                RIGHTS AGREEMENT

                  RIGHTS AGREEMENT, dated as of February 28, 2000 (the
"Agreement"), between SAFEGUARD SCIENTIFICS, INC., a Pennsylvania corporation
(the "Company"), and CHASEMELLON SHAREHOLDER SERVICES, L.L.C., a New Jersey
limited liability company (the "Rights Agent").

                               W I T N E S S E T H

                  WHEREAS, on February 28, 2000 (the "Rights Dividend
Declaration Date"), the Board of Directors of the Company authorized and
declared a dividend distribution of one Right for each Common Share (as
hereinafter defined) of the Company outstanding at the close of business on
March 24, 2000 (the "Record Date") (which for these purposes shall include all
Common Shares presently entitled to receive dividends) following the record date
on March 13, 2000 for a three for one stock split effected in the form of a
stock dividend (all share and per share amounts herein have been adjusted to
reflect such stock split), and has authorized the issuance of one Right (as such
number may hereafter be adjusted pursuant to the provisions of Section 11(i)
hereof) for each Common Share of the Company issued between the Record Date
(whether originally issued or delivered from the Company's treasury) and the
earlier of the Distribution Date or the Expiration Date (as such terms are
hereinafter defined), each Right initially representing the right to purchase
one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (as hereinafter defined) of the Company
having the rights, powers and preferences set forth in the form of the
Resolution of the Board of Directors attached hereto as Exhibit A, upon the
terms and subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth (the "Rights"); and

                  WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company has considered
whether approval of this Agreement and the distribution of the Rights is in the
best interests of the Company and has also considered the effects upon
employees, suppliers and customers of the Company and upon communities in which
offices or other establishments of the Company are located and all other
pertinent factors; and

                  WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company has concluded
that approval of this Agreement and the distribution of the Rights is in the
best interests of the Company.

                  NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the
mutual agreements herein set forth, and intending to be legally bound hereby,
the parties hereby agree as follows:

                  SECTION 1. Certain Definitions. For purposes of this
Agreement, the following terms have the meanings indicated:

                           (a) "Acquiring Person" shall mean any Person who or
which, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, shall be the
Beneficial Owner of 15% or more of the Common Shares then outstanding, but shall
not include the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit
plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company
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(including without limitation any stock incentive or compensation plan), or any
Person or entity organized, appointed or established by the Company for or
pursuant to the terms of any such plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Person
shall become an "Acquiring Person" as the result of an acquisition of Common
Shares by the Company which, by reducing the number of Common Shares
outstanding, increases the proportionate number of Common Shares beneficially
owned by such Person to 15% or more of the Common Shares then outstanding;
provided, however, that if a Person shall become the Beneficial Owner of 15% or
more of the then outstanding Common Shares by reason of Common Shares purchased
by the Company and shall, after such share purchases by the Company, become the
Beneficial Owner of any additional Common Shares, then such Person shall be
deemed to be an "Acquiring Person." Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a majority
of the Continuing Directors then in office determines in good faith that a
Person who would otherwise be an "Acquiring Person", as defined pursuant to the
foregoing provisions of this paragraph (a), has become such inadvertently, and
such Person divests as promptly as practicable a sufficient number of Common
Shares so that such Person would no longer be an Acquiring Person, as defined
pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this paragraph (a), then such Person
shall not be deemed to be an "Acquiring Person" for purposes of this Agreement.

                           (b) "Act" shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.

                           (c) "Affiliate" and "Associate" shall have the
respective meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules
and Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and in
effect on the date hereof (the "Exchange Act").

                           (d) A Person shall be deemed the "Beneficial Owner"
of, and shall be deemed to "beneficially own," any securities:

                           (i) that such Person or any of such Person's
         Affiliates or Associates, directly or indirectly, has the right to
         acquire (whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after
         the passage of time) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or
         understanding (whether or not in writing) or upon the exercise of
         conversion rights, exchange rights, rights, warrants or options, or
         otherwise; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed the
         "Beneficial Owner" of, or to "beneficially own," (A) securities
         tendered pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made by such Person or
         any of such Person's Affiliates or Associates until such tendered
         securities are accepted for payment, purchase or exchange, or (B)
         securities issuable upon exercise of Rights at any time prior to the
         occurrence of a Triggering Event, or (C) securities issuable upon
         exercise of Rights from and after the occurrence of a Triggering Event
         which Rights were


                                      -2-
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         acquired by such Person or any of such Person's Affiliates or
         Associates prior to the Distribution Date or pursuant to Section 3(a)
         or Section 22 hereof (the "Original Rights") or pursuant to Section
         11(i) hereof in connection with an adjustment made with respect to any
         Original Rights;

                           (ii) that such Person or any of such Person's
         Affiliates or Associates, directly or indirectly, has the right to vote
         or dispose of or has "beneficial ownership" of (as determined pursuant
         to Rule 13d-3 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange
         Act), including without limitation pursuant to any agreement,
         arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing); provided,
         however, that a Person shall not be deemed the "Beneficial Owner" of,
         or to "beneficially own," any security under this subparagraph (ii) as
         a result of an oral or written agreement, arrangement or understanding
         to vote such security if such agreement, arrangement or understanding:
         (A) arises solely from a revocable proxy given in response to a public
         proxy or consent solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with,
         the applicable provisions of the General Rules and Regulations under
         the Exchange Act, and (B) is not also then reportable by such Person on
         Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act (or any comparable or successor
         report); or

                           (iii) that are beneficially owned, directly or
         indirectly, by any other Person (or any Affiliate or Associate thereof)
         with which such Person (or any of such Person's Affiliates or
         Associates) has any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or
         not in writing), for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting (except
         pursuant to a revocable proxy as described in the proviso to
         subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph (c)) or disposing of any voting
         securities of the Company,

provided, however, that nothing in this paragraph (c) shall cause a person
engaged in business as an underwriter of securities to be the "Beneficial Owner"
of, or to "beneficially own," any securities acquired through such Person's
participation in good faith in a firm commitment underwriting until the
expiration of forty days after the date of such acquisition.

                           (e) "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a
Saturday, Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New
Jersey, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the state in which the offer of
the Rights Agent is located are authorized or obligated by law or executive
order to close.


                                      -3-
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                           (f) "Close of Business" on any given date shall mean
5:00 P.M., Philadelphia time, on such date; provided, however, that if such date
is not a Business Day it shall mean 5:00 P.M., Philadelphia time, on the next
succeeding Business Day.

                           (g) "Common Share" shall mean, when used with
reference to the Company, a share of common stock, par value $.10 per share, of
the Company and, to the extent that there are not a sufficient number of Common
Shares authorized to permit the full exercise of the Rights, shares of any other
class or series of the Company designated for such purpose containing terms
substantially similar to the terms of the Common Shares, except that "Common
Share" when used with reference to any Person other than the Company shall mean
the shares of common stock of such Person with the greatest voting power, or the
equity securities or other equity interest having power to control or direct the
management, of such Person.

                           (h) "Continuing Director" shall mean (i) any member
of the Board of Directors of the Company, while such Person is a member of such
Board, who is not an Acquiring Person, or an Affiliate or Associate of an
Acquiring Person, or a representative of an Acquiring Person or of any such
Affiliate or Associate, and was a member of such Board prior to the date of this
Agreement, or (ii) any Person who subsequently becomes a member of the Board,
while such Person is a member of such Board, who is not an Acquiring Person, or
an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person, or a representative of an
Acquiring Person or of any such Affiliate or Associate, if such Person's
nomination for election or election to the Board is recommended or approved by a
majority of the Continuing Directors.

                           (i) "Distribution Date" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 3(a) hereof.

                           (j) "Expiration Date" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 7(a) hereof.

                           (k) "Final Expiration Date" shall mean February 28,
2010.

                           (l) "Initial Purchase Price" shall mean $300.

                           (m) "Person" shall mean any individual, firm,
corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other entity, and
shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) to such entity.

                           (n) "Preferred Share" shall mean a share of Series A
Junior Participating Preferred Shares, par value $10.00 per share, of the
Company and, to the extent that there are not a sufficient number of shares of
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Shares authorized to


                                      -4-
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permit the full exercise of the Rights, shares of any other series of Series
Preferred Stock of the Company designated for such purpose containing terms
substantially similar to the terms of the Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Shares.

                           (o) "Preferred Share Fraction" shall mean one
one-thousandth of a Preferred Share.

                           (p) "Redemption Price" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 23(a) of this Agreement.

                           (q) "Rights Certificates" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 3(a) of this Agreement.

                           (r) "Section 11(a)(ii) Event" shall mean any event
which results in any Person becoming an Acquiring Person.

                           (s) "Section 13 Event" shall mean any event described
in clauses (x), (y) or (z) of Section 13(a) hereof, subject to Section 13(d).

                           (t) "Stock Acquisition Date" shall mean the first
date of public announcement (which, for purposes of this definition, shall
include, without limitation, a report filed pursuant to Section 13(d) under the
Exchange Act) by the Company or an Acquiring Person that an Acquiring Person has
become such.

                           (u) "Subsidiary" shall have the meaning ascribed to
such term in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange
Act.

                           (v) "Trading Day" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 11(d)(i) hereof.

                           (w) "Triggering Event" shall mean any Section
11(a)(ii) Event or any Section 13 Event.

                           Unless otherwise specified, where reference is made
in this Agreement to sections of, and the General Rules and Regulations under,
the Exchange Act, such reference shall mean such sections and rules as amended
from time to time and any successor provisions thereto.

                  SECTION 2. Appointment of Rights Agent. The Company hereby
appoints the Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company in accordance with the
terms and conditions hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such
appointment. The Company may from time to


                                      -5-
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time appoint such Co-Rights Agents as it may deem necessary or desirable. The
Rights Agent shall have not duty to supervise, and in no event shall be liable
for, the acts or omissions of any such co-Rights Agent.

                  SECTION 3.  Issue of Rights Certificates.

                           (a) Until the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on
the tenth Business Day after a Stock Acquisition Date, or (ii) the Close of
Business on the tenth Business Day (or such later date as may be determined by
action of the Board of Directors of the Company prior to such time any Person
becomes an Acquiring Person) after the date that a tender or exchange offer by
any Person (other than the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee
benefit plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company, or any Person
or entity organized, appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to
the terms of any such plan) is first published or sent or given within the
meaning of Rule 14d-2(a) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange
Act, if upon consummation thereof, such Person would be the Beneficial Owner of
15% or more of the Common Shares then outstanding (the earlier of (i) and (ii)
being herein referred to as the "Distribution Date"), (x) beneficial interests
in the Rights will be evidenced (subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of
this Section 3) by the certificates for the Common Shares registered in the
names of the holders of the Common Shares (which certificates for Common Shares
shall be deemed also to be certificates for beneficial interests in the Rights)
and not by separate certificates, and (y) the Rights and beneficial interests
therein will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of the
underlying Common Shares (including a transfer to the Company). The Company must
promptly notify the Rights Agent of such Distribution Date and request that its
transfer agent provide the Rights Agent with a list of the record holders of the
Company"s Common Shares as of the Close of Business on the Distribution Date. As
soon as practicable after the Rights Agent receives such notice and list, the
Rights Agent will, if requested and provided with all necessary information,
send to each record holder of the Common Shares as of the Close of Business on
the Distribution Date, at the address of such holder shown on the records of the
Company, one or more rights certificates, in substantially the form of Exhibit B
hereto (the "Rights Certificates"), evidencing one Right for each Common Share
so held, subject to adjustment as provided herein. In the event that an
adjustment in the number of Rights per Common Share has been made pursuant to
Section 11(p) hereof, at the time of distribution of the Rights Certificates,
the Company shall make the necessary and appropriate rounding adjustments (in
accordance with Section 14(a) hereof) so that Rights Certificates representing
only whole numbers of Rights are distributed and cash is paid in lieu of any
fractional Rights. As of and after the Distribution Date, the Rights will be
evidenced solely by such Rights Certificates.


                                      -6-
   10
                           (b) With respect to certificates for the Common
Shares outstanding as of the Record Date, until the Distribution Date, the
registered holders of the Common Shares shall also be the registered holders of
the beneficial interests in the associated Rights. Until the earlier of the
Distribution Date or the Expiration Date, the transfer of any certificates
representing Common Shares in respect of which Rights have been issued shall
also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with such Common Shares.
Certificates issued after the Record Date upon the transfer of Common Shares
outstanding on the Record Date shall bear the legend set forth in subsection (c)
below.

                           (c) Except as provided in Section 22 hereof, Rights
shall be issued in respect of all Common Shares that are issued (whether
originally issued or delivered from the Company's treasury) after the Record
Date but prior to the earlier of the Distribution Date or the Expiration Date.
Certificates representing such Common Shares shall also be deemed to be
certificates for beneficial interests in the associated Rights, and shall bear
the following legend:

                           "This certificate also evidences a beneficial
         interest in and entitles the holder hereof to certain Rights as set
         forth in the Rights Agreement between Safeguard Scientifics, Inc. (the
         "Company") and ChaseMellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C. (the "Rights
         Agent") dated as of February 28, 2000 (the "Rights Agreement"), and as
         the same may be amended from time to time, the terms of which are
         hereby incorporated herein by reference and a copy of which is on file
         at the principal offices of the Company. Under certain circumstances,
         as set forth in the Rights Agreement, such Rights will be evidenced by
         separate certificates and beneficial interests therein will no longer
         be evidenced by this certificate. The Company will mail to the holder
         of this certificate a copy of the Rights Agreement, as in effect on the
         date of mailing, without charge promptly after receipt of a written
         request therefor. Under certain circumstances set forth in the Rights
         Agreement, Rights issued to, or held by, any Person who is, was or
         becomes an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate thereof (as
         such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement), whether currently held
         by or on behalf of such Person or by any subsequent holder, may become
         null and void."

Until the earlier of the Distribution Date or the Expiration Date, beneficial
interests in the Rights associated with the Common Shares represented by such
certificates shall be evidenced by such certificates alone and registered
holders of Common Shares shall also be the registered holders of beneficial
interests in the associated Rights, and the transfer of any of such certificates
shall also constitute the transfer of beneficial interests in the Rights
associated with the Common Shares represented by such certificates.


                                      -7-
   11
                  SECTION 4.  Form of Rights Certificates.

                           (a) The Rights Certificates (and the forms of
election to purchase and of assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof)
shall each be substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B hereto and may
have such marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or
endorsements printed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate (which do not
affect the duties or responsibilities of the Rights Agent) and as are not
inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to
comply with any applicable law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant
thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange, securities
quotation system or the Nasdaq Stock Market on which the Rights may from time to
time be listed, or to conform to usage. Subject to the provisions of Section 11
and Section 22 hereof, the Rights Certificates, whenever distributed, shall
entitle the holders thereof to purchase such number of Preferred Share Fractions
as shall be set forth therein at the price set forth therein (such exercise
price per Preferred Share Fraction, the "Purchase Price"), but the amount and
type of securities purchasable upon the exercise of each Right and the Purchase
Price thereof shall be subject to adjustment as provided herein.

                           (b) Any Rights Certificate issued pursuant to Section
3(a) or Section 22 hereof that represents Rights that the Company knows are
beneficially owned by: (i) an Acquiring Person or any Associate or Affiliate of
an Acquiring Person, (ii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such
Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person
becomes such, or (iii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such
Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with
the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to either
(A) a transfer (whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring Person to
holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom
such Acquiring Person has any continuing oral or written plan, agreement,
arrangement or understanding regarding the transferred Rights or (B) a transfer
that the Board of Directors of the Company has determined is part of an oral or
written plan, agreement, arrangement or understanding that has as a primary
purpose or effect avoidance of Section 7(e) hereof, and provided that the
Company shall have notified the Rights Agent that this Section 4(b) applies, any
Rights Certificate issued pursuant to Section 6 or Section 11 hereof upon
transfer, exchange, replacement or adjustment of any other Rights Certificate
referred to in this sentence, shall contain (to the extent feasible) the
following legend:

         "The Rights represented by this Rights Certificate are or were
         beneficially owned by a Person who was or became an Acquiring Person or
         an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person (as such terms are
         defined in the Rights Agreement). Accordingly, this Rights Certificate
         and the Rights represented hereby may


                                      -8-
   12
         become null and void in the circumstances specified in Section 7(e) of
         such Agreement."

                  SECTION 5.  Countersignature and Registration.

                           (a) The Rights Certificates shall be executed on
behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its President or any Vice
President, either manually or by facsimile signature, and shall have affixed
thereto the Company's seal or a facsimile thereof which shall be attested by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, either manually or by
facsimile signature. The Rights Certificates shall be manually countersigned by
the Rights Agent and shall not be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned.
In case any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Rights
Certificates shall cease to be such officer of the Company before
countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company,
such Rights Certificates, nevertheless, may be countersigned by the Rights Agent
and issued and delivered by the Company with the same force and effect as though
the Person who signed such Rights Certificates had not ceased to be such officer
of the Company; and any Rights Certificates may be signed on behalf of the
Company by any Person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Rights
Certificate, shall be a proper officer of the Company to sign such Rights
Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Agreement any such
Person was not such an officer.

                           (b) Following the Distribution Date and upon receipt
by the Rights Agent of the notice and list of recordholders of the Rights
referred to in Section 3(a), the Rights Agent will keep or cause to be kept, at
its office or offices, books for registration and transfer of the Rights
Certificates issued hereunder. Such books shall show the names and addresses of
the respective holders of the Rights Certificates, the number of Rights
evidenced on its face by each of the Rights Certificates, the Certificate number
and the date of each of the Rights Certificates.

                           SECTION 6. Transfer, Split Up, Combination and
Exchange of Rights Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Rights
Certificates.

                           (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 4(b),
Section 7(e) and Section 14 hereof, at any time after the Close of Business on
the Distribution Date, and at or prior to the Close of Business on the
Expiration Date, any Rights Certificate or Certificates may be transferred,
split up, combined or exchanged for another Rights Certificate or Certificates,
entitling the registered holder to purchase a like number of Preferred Share
Fractions (or, following a Triggering Event, Common Shares or other securities,
cash or other assets, as the case may be), as the Rights Certificate or
Certificates surrendered then entitled such holder or former holder in the case
of a transfer to purchase. Any registered holder desiring to transfer,


                                      -9-
   13
split up, combine or exchange any Rights Certificate or Certificates shall make
such request in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall surrender the
Rights Certificate or Certificates to be transferred, split up, combined or
exchanged at the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose. Neither
the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to take any action
whatsoever with respect to the transfer of any such surrendered Rights
Certificate or Certificates until the registered holder shall have completed and
signed the certificate contained in the form of assignment on the reverse side
of such Rights Certificate and shall have provided such additional evidence of
the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates
or Associates thereof as the Company or the Rights Agent shall reasonably
request. Thereupon the Rights Agent shall, subject to Section 4(b), Section 7(e)
and Section 14 hereof, countersign and deliver to the Person entitled thereto a
Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested.
The Rights Agent shall not be obligated to process the transaction until it has
received evidence that all taxes and charges arising from the transaction have
been paid. The Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax
or charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer, split up,
combination or exchange of Rights Certificates. The Rights Agent shall have no
duty or obligation under this Section unless and until it is satisfied that all
such taxes and charges have been paid.

                           (b) Upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent
of evidence reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or
mutilation of a Rights Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction,
of indemnity or security satisfactory to them, and reimbursement to the Company
and the Rights Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and upon
surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of the Rights Certificate if
mutilated, the Company will execute and deliver a new Rights Certificate of like
tenor to the Rights Agent for countersignature and delivery to the registered
owner in lieu of the Rights Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated.

                  SECTION 7. Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date
of Rights.

                           (a) Subject to subsection (e), the registered holder
of any Rights Certificate may exercise the Rights evidenced thereby (except as
otherwise provided herein including, without limitation, the restrictions on
exercisability set forth in Section 9(c), Section 11(a)(iii) and Section 23(a)
hereof) in whole or in part at any time after the Distribution Date upon
surrender of the Rights Certificate, with the form of election to purchase and
the certificate on the reverse side thereof duly and properly executed, to the
Rights Agent at the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose,
together with payment of the aggregate Purchase Price (except as provided in
Section 11(q)


                                      -10-
   14
hereof) with respect to the total number of Preferred Share Fractions (or Common
Shares, other securities, cash or other assets, as the case may be) as to which
such surrendered Rights are then exercisable (except as provided in Section
11(q) hereof), at or prior to the earliest of (i) the Close of Business on the
Final Expiration Date, (ii) the consummation of a transaction contemplated by
Section 13(d) hereof, or (iii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed or
terminated as provided in Section 23 hereof (the earliest of (i), (ii) and (iii)
being herein referred to as the "Expiration Date").

                           (b) The Purchase Price for each Preferred Share
Fraction pursuant to the exercise of a Right shall be the Initial Purchase Price
as of the date of this Agreement, and shall be subject to adjustment from time
to time as provided in Sections 11 and 13(a) hereof and shall be payable in
accordance with subsection (c).

                           (c) Upon receipt of a Rights Certificate representing
exercisable Rights, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate
duly and properly executed, accompanied by payment, with respect to each Right
so exercised, of the Purchase Price per Preferred Share Fraction (or Common
Shares, other securities, cash or other assets, as the case may be) to be
purchased as set forth below and an amount equal to any applicable tax or
charge, the Rights Agent shall, subject to Section 20(k) and Section 14(b)
hereof, thereupon promptly (i) (A) requisition from any transfer agent of the
Preferred Shares (or make available, if the Rights Agent is the transfer agent
for the Common Shares) certificates for the total number of Preferred Shares to
be purchased and the Company hereby irrevocably authorizes its transfer agent to
comply with all such requests, or (B) if the Company shall have elected to
deposit some or all of the total number of Preferred Shares issuable upon
exercise of the Rights hereunder with a depositary agent, requisition from the
depositary agent depositary receipts representing such number of Preferred Share
Fractions as are to be purchased (in which case certificates for the Preferred
Shares represented by such receipts shall be deposited by the transfer agent
with the depositary agent) and the Company will direct the depositary agent to
comply with such request, (ii) requisition from the Company the amount of cash,
if any, to be paid in lieu of fractional shares in accordance with Section 14
hereof, (iii) after receipt of such certificates or depositary receipts, cause
the same to be delivered to or upon the order of the registered holder of such
Rights Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated by
such holder, and (iv) after receipt thereof, deliver such cash, if any, to or
upon the order of the registered holder of such Rights Certificate. The payment
of the Purchase Price (as such amount may be reduced pursuant to Section
11(a)(iii) hereof) may be made, at the election of the holder of the Rights
Certificate, (x) in cash or by certified bank check or money order payable to
the order of the Company or (y) by delivery of Rights if and to the extent
authorized by Section 11(q) hereof. In the event that the Company is obligated
to issue other securities of the Company (including Common Shares) pay cash
and/or distribute other property pursuant to Section 11(a) hereof, the Company
will make all arrangements necessary so that such other securities, cash and/or
other property are available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when
necessary to comply with this agreement.


                                      -11-
   15
                           (d) In case the registered holder of any Rights
Certificate shall exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new
Rights Certificate evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining
unexercised shall be issued by the Rights Agent and delivered to, or upon the
order of, the registered holder of such Rights Certificate, registered in such
name or names as may be designated by such holder, subject to the provisions of
Section 6 and Section 14 hereof.

                           (e) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, from and after the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, any
Rights beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring Person or an Associate or
Affiliate of an Acquiring Person, (ii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or
of any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring
Person becomes such, or (iii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any
such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently
with the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to
either (A) a transfer (whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring
Person to holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person
with whom the Acquiring Person has any continuing oral or written plan,
agreement, arrangement or understanding regarding the transferred Rights or (B)
a transfer which the Board of Directors of the Company has determined is part of
an oral or written plan, agreement, arrangement or understanding which has as a
primary purpose or effect the avoidance of this Section 7(e), shall become null
and void without any further action and no holder of such Rights shall have any
rights whatsoever with respect to such Rights, whether under any provision of
this Agreement or otherwise; provided, however, that the Rights held by an
Acquiring Person, an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person or the
transferees of such persons referred to above shall not be voided unless the
Acquiring Person in question or an Affiliate or Associate of such Acquiring
Person shall be involved in the transaction giving rise to the Section 11(a)(ii)
Event. The Company shall notify the Rights Agent when this Section 7(e) applies
and shall use all reasonable efforts to insure that the provisions of this
Section 7(e) and Section 4(b) hereof are complied with, but neither the Company
nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder of Rights
Certificates or other Person as a result of the Company's failure to make any
determinations with respect to an Acquiring Person or its Affiliates, Associates
or transferees hereunder.

                           (f) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to
undertake any action with respect to a registered holder upon the occurrence of
any purported exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered
holder shall have (i) properly completed and signed the certificate contained in
the form of election to purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Rights
Certificate surrendered for such exercise, and (ii) provided such additional
evidence of the


                                      -12-
   16
identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or
Associates thereof as the Company shall or the Rights Agent reasonably request.

                  SECTION 8. Cancellation and Destruction of Rights
Certificates. All Rights Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise,
transfer, split up, combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company
or any of its agents, be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in
canceled form, or, if surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be canceled by it,
and no Rights Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly
permitted by any of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall deliver
to the Rights Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall
so cancel and retire, any other Rights Certificate purchased or acquired by the
Company otherwise than upon the exercise thereof. The Rights Agent shall deliver
all canceled Rights Certificates to the Company, or shall, at the written
request of the Company, destroy such canceled Rights Certificates, and in such
case shall deliver a certificate of destruction thereof to the Company.

                  SECTION 9. Reservation and Availability of Capital Stock;
Registration of Securities.

                           (a) The Company covenants and agrees that it will
cause to be reserved and kept available for issuance upon the exercise of
outstanding Rights as many of its authorized and unissued Preferred Shares (and,
following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, out of its authorized and
unissued or treasury Common Shares and/or other securities) or out of its
authorized and issued shares held in its treasury, which together, shall at all
times after the Distribution Date be sufficient to permit the exercise in full
of all outstanding Rights.

                           (b) So long as the Preferred Shares (and, following
the occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common Shares or other securities)
issuable and deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights may be listed on any
stock exchange, or quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market or other securities
quotation system, the Company shall use its best efforts to cause, from and
after such time as the Rights become exercisable, all shares and other
securities reserved for such issuance to be listed on such exchange or quotation
system upon official notice of issuance upon such exercise.

                           (c) The Company shall use its best efforts to (i)
file, as soon as practicable following the earliest date after the first
occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event on which the consideration to be
delivered by the Company upon exercise of the Rights has been determined in
accordance with Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, or as soon as is required by law
following the Distribution Date, as the case may be, a registration statement or
statements under the Act, with respect to the securities purchasable upon
exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form or forms,


                                      -13-
   17
(ii) cause such registration statement or statements to become effective as soon
as practicable after such filing, and (iii) cause such registration statement or
statements to remain effective (with a prospectus at all times meeting the
requirements of the Act) until the earlier of (A) the date as of which the
Rights are no longer exercisable for such securities, and (B) the Expiration
Date. The Company will also take such action as may be appropriate under, or to
ensure compliance with, the securities or "blue sky" laws of the various states
in connection with the exercisability of the Rights. The Company may temporarily
suspend, for a period of time not to exceed ninety (90) days after the date set
forth in clause (i) of the first sentence of this subsection (c), the
exercisability of the Rights in order to prepare and file such registration
statement and permit it to become effective. Upon any such suspension, the
Company shall issue a public announcement stating that the exercisability of the
Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement at such
time as the suspension is no longer in effect. In addition, if the Company shall
determine that a registration statement is required following the Distribution
Date, the Company may, by issuing a public announcement, temporarily suspend the
exercisability of the Rights until such time as a registration statement has
been declared effective. The Company shall promptly notify the Rights Agent
whenever it makes a public announcement pursuant to this subsection (c) and give
the Rights Agent a copy of the announcement. Notwithstanding any provision of
this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights shall not be exercisable in any
jurisdiction unless the requisite qualification in such jurisdiction shall have
been obtained, nor shall the Rights be exercisable if the exercise thereof shall
not be permitted under applicable law or a registration statement shall not have
been declared effective.

                           (d) The Company covenants and agrees that it will
take all such action as may be necessary to ensure that all Preferred Shares
(and, following a Triggering Event, Common Shares or other securities) delivered
upon exercise of Rights shall, at the time of delivery of the certificates for
such shares or other securities (subject to payment of the Purchase Price), be
duly and validly authorized and issued and, with respect to Preferred Shares,
Common Shares or other shares of capital stock, fully paid and nonassessable.

                           (e) The Company further covenants and agrees that it
will pay when due and payable any and all taxes and charges that may be payable
in respect of the issuance or delivery of the Rights Certificates and of any
certificates for a number of Preferred Share Fractions (or Common Shares or
other securities, as the case may be) upon the exercise of Rights. The Company
shall not, however, be required to pay any tax or charge that may be payable in
respect of any transfer or delivery of Rights Certificates to a Person other
than, or the issuance or delivery of a number of Preferred Share Fractions (or
Common Shares or other securities, as the case may be) in respect of a name
other than that of the registered holder of the Rights Certificates evidencing
Rights surrendered for exercise or to issue or deliver any certificates for a
number of Preferred Share Fractions (or Common Shares or other securities, as


                                      -14-
   18
the case may be) in a name other than that of the registered holder upon the
exercise of any Rights until such tax or charge shall have been paid (any such
tax or charge being payable by the holder of such Rights Certificate at the time
of surrender) or until it has been established to the Company's satisfaction
that no such tax or charge is due.

                  SECTION 10. Capital Stock Record Date. Each Person in whose
name any certificate for a number of Preferred Share Fractions (or Common Shares
or other securities, as the case may be) is issued upon the exercise of Rights
shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of such
Preferred Share Fractions (or Common Shares or other securities, as the case may
be) represented thereby on, and such certificate shall be dated, the date upon
which the Rights Certificate evidencing such Rights was duly surrendered and
payment of the Purchase Price (and all applicable taxes or charges) was made;
provided, however, that if the date of such surrender and payment is a date upon
which the applicable transfer books of the Company are closed, such Person shall
be deemed to have become the record holder of such shares (fractional or
otherwise) on, and such certificate shall be dated, the next succeeding Business
Day on which the applicable transfer books of the Company are open. Prior to the
exercise of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a Rights Certificate
shall not be entitled to any rights of a shareholder of the Company with respect
to shares for which the Rights shall be exercisable, including, without
limitation, the right to vote, to receive dividends or other distributions or to
exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to receive any notice
of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein.

                  SECTION 11. Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number and Kind of
Shares or Number of Rights. The Purchase Price, the number and kind of shares
and other securities covered by each Right and the number of Rights issued (or
to be issued) and outstanding are subject to adjustment from time to time as
provided in this Section 11.

                           (a) (i) In the event the Company shall at any time
         after the date of this Agreement (A) declare a dividend on any security
         of the Company payable in Preferred Shares, (B) subdivide the
         outstanding Preferred Shares, (C) combine the outstanding Preferred
         Shares into a smaller number of shares, or (D) issue any shares of its
         capital stock in a reclassification of the Preferred Shares (including
         any such reclassification in connection with a consolidation or merger
         in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation),
         except as otherwise provided in this Section 11(a) and Section 7(e)
         hereof, the Purchase Price in effect at the time of the record date for
         such dividend or of the effective date of such subdivision, combination
         or reclassification, and the number and kind of Preferred Shares or
         capital stock, as the case may be, issuable on such date, shall be
         adjusted to the extent appropriate so that the holder of any Right
         exercised after such time shall be entitled to receive, upon exercise
         of such Right and any Rights


                                      -15-
   19
         received as a consequence of issuance of such Preferred Shares in
         connection with such dividend or subdivisions and Payment of the
         Purchase Price then in effect, the aggregate number and kind of
         Preferred Shares or capital stock, as the case may be, that, if such
         Right had been exercised immediately prior to such date and at a time
         when the Preferred Share transfer books were open, such holder would
         have owned upon such exercise and been entitled to receive by virtue of
         such dividend, subdivision, combination or reclassification. If an
         event occurs which would require an adjustment under both this Section
         11(a)(i) and Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, the adjustment provided for in
         this Section 11(a)(i) shall be in addition to, and shall be made prior
         to, any adjustment required pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.

                           (ii) In the event any Person becomes an Acquiring
         Person then, promptly following the first occurrence of a Section
         11(a)(ii) Event, proper provision shall be made so that each holder of
         a Right (except as provided in Section 7(e) hereof) shall thereafter
         have the right to receive, upon exercise thereof at the then current
         Purchase Price in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, in lieu
         of a number of Preferred Share Fractions, such number of Common Shares
         of the Company as shall equal the result obtained by (x) multiplying
         the then current Purchase Price by the then number of Preferred Share
         Fractions for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to such
         Person becoming an Acquiring Person, and (y) dividing that product by
         50% of the current market price (as defined in and determined pursuant
         to Section 11(d) hereof) per Common Share on the date of such
         occurrence (such number of shares, the "Adjustment Shares").

                           (iii) In the event that the number of Common Shares
         that are authorized by the Company's Articles but not outstanding or
         reserved for issuance for purposes other than upon exercise of the
         Rights are not sufficient to permit the exercise in full of the Rights
         in accordance with the foregoing subparagraph (ii) of this Section
         11(a), the Company shall: (A) determine the excess of the value of the
         Adjustment Shares issuable upon the exercise of a Right (the "Current
         Value") over the Purchase Price (such excess, the "Spread"), and (B)
         with respect to each Right, make adequate provision to substitute for
         the Adjustment Shares, upon payment of the applicable Purchase Price,
         (1) cash, (2) a reduction in the Purchase Price, (3) Common Shares of
         the same or a different class or other equity securities of the Company
         (including, without limitation, preferred shares or units of preferred
         shares that a majority of the Continuing Directors in office at the
         time has deemed (based, among other things, on the dividend and
         liquidation rights of such preferred shares) to have substantially the
         same economic value as Common Shares (such preferred shares,
         hereinafter referred to as "common share equivalents")), (4) debt
         securities of the Company, (5) other assets, or (6) any combination of
         the foregoing,


                                      -16-
   20
         having an aggregate value equal to the Current Value, where such
         aggregate value has been determined by a majority of the Continuing
         Directors in office at the time after considering the advice of a
         nationally recognized investment banking firm selected by the Board of
         Directors of the Company; provided, however, if the Company shall not
         have made adequate provision to deliver value pursuant to clause (B)
         above within thirty (30) days following the later of (x) the occurrence
         of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event and (y) the date on which the Company"s
         right of redemption pursuant to Section 23(a) expires (the later of (x)
         and (y) being referred to herein as the "Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger
         Date"), then the Company shall be obligated to deliver, upon the
         surrender for exercise of a Right and without requiring payment of the
         Purchase Price, Common Shares (to the extent available) and then, if
         necessary, cash, which shares and/or cash have an aggregate value equal
         to the Spread. If the Board of Directors of the Company shall determine
         in good faith that it is likely that sufficient additional Common
         Shares could be authorized for issuance upon exercise in full of the
         Rights, the thirty (30) day period set forth above may be extended to
         the extent necessary, but not more than ninety (90) days after the
         Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date, in order that the Company may seek
         shareholder approval for the authorization of such additional shares
         (such period, as it may be extended, the "Substitution Period"). To the
         extent that the Company determines that some action need be taken
         pursuant to the first and/or second sentences of this Section
         11(a)(iii), the Company shall provide, subject to Section 7(e) hereof,
         that such action shall apply uniformly to all outstanding Rights, and
         may suspend the exercisability of the Rights until the expiration of
         the Substitution Period in order to seek any authorization of
         additional shares and/or to decide the appropriate form of distribution
         to be made pursuant to such first sentence and to determine the value
         thereof. In the event of any such suspension, the Company shall issue a
         public announcement stating that the exercisability of the Rights has
         been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement at such
         time as the suspension is no longer in effect. The Company shall
         promptly notify the Rights Agent of the suspension of the
         exercisability of the Rights, and provide the Rights Agent with a copy
         of such public announcement. For purposes of this Section 11(a)(iii),
         the value of the Common Shares shall be the current market price (as
         determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per Common Share on the
         Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date and the value of any "common share
         equivalent" shall be deemed to have the same value as the Common Shares
         on such date.

                           (b) In case the Company shall fix a record date for
the issuance of rights, options or warrants to holders of any security of the
Company entitling them to subscribe for or purchase (for a period expiring
within forty-five (45) calendar days after such record date) Preferred Shares
(or shares having the same rights, privileges and preferences as the Preferred
Shares ("equivalent preferred shares")) or securities convertible into Preferred
Shares or


                                      -17-
   21
equivalent preferred shares at a price per Preferred Share or per equivalent
preferred share (or having a conversion price per share, if a security
convertible into Preferred Shares or equivalent preferred shares) less than the
current market price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per
Preferred Share on such record date, the Purchase Price to be in effect after
such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect
immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which
shall be the number of Preferred Shares outstanding on such record date, plus
the number of Preferred Shares that the aggregate offering price of the total
number of Preferred Shares and/or equivalent preferred shares so to be offered
(and/or the aggregate initial conversion price of the convertible securities so
to be offered) would purchase at such current market price, and the denominator
of which shall be the number of Preferred Shares outstanding on such record
date, plus the number of additional Preferred Shares and/or equivalent preferred
shares to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible
securities so to be offered are initially convertible). In case such
subscription price may be paid by delivery of consideration part or all of which
may be in a form other than cash, the value of such consideration shall be as
determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose
determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and
shall be binding on the Company, the Rights Agent and the holders of the Rights,
and shall be conclusive for all purposes. Preferred Shares owned by or held for
the account of the Company shall not be deemed outstanding for the purpose of
any such computation. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a
record date is fixed, and in the event that such rights or warrants are not so
issued, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price that would
then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed.

(c) In case the Company shall fix a record date for a distribution to all
holders of Preferred Shares (including any such distribution made in connection
with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing
corporation) of evidences of indebtedness, cash (other than a regular quarterly
dividend out of the earnings or retained earnings of the Company), assets (other
than a regular quarterly dividend referred to above or dividend payable in
Preferred Shares, but including any dividend payable in stock other than
Preferred Shares) or subscription rights or warrants (excluding those referred
to in Section 11(b) hereof), the Purchase Price to be in effect after such
record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect
immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which
shall be the current market price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)
hereof) per Preferred Share on such record date, less the then fair market value
(as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company, whose
determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and
shall be conclusive for all purposes) of the portion of the cash, assets or
evidences of indebtedness so to be distributed or of such subscription rights or
warrants applicable to a Preferred Share and the denominator of which shall be
such current market price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per
Preferred Share. Such


                                      -18-
   22
adjustments shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed, and
in the event that such distribution is not so made, the Purchase Price shall be
adjusted to be the Purchase Price which would have been in effect if such record
date had not been fixed.

                           (d) (i) For the purpose of any computation hereunder,
         other than computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, the
         "current market price" per Common Share on any date shall be deemed to
         be the average of the daily closing prices per Common Share for the
         thirty (30) consecutive Trading Days (as such term is hereinafter
         defined) immediately prior to and not including such date, and for
         purposes of computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof,
         the "current market price" per Common Share on any date shall be deemed
         to be the average of the daily closing prices per Common Share for the
         ten (10) consecutive Trading Days immediately following and not
         including such date; provided, however, that in the event that the
         current market price per Common Share is determined during a period
         following the announcement by the issuer of such Common Share of (A) a
         dividend or distribution on such Common Share payable in Common Shares
         or securities convertible into Common Shares (other than the Rights),
         or (B) any subdivision, combination or reclassification of such Common
         Shares, and prior to the expiration of the requisite thirty (30)
         Trading Day or ten (10) Trading Day period, as set forth above, after
         but not including the ex-dividend date for such dividend or
         distribution, or the record date for such subdivision, combination or
         reclassification, then, and in each such case, the "current market
         price" shall be properly adjusted to take into account ex-dividend
         trading. The closing price for each Trading Day shall be the last sale
         price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day,
         the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either
         case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting
         system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the
         New York Stock Exchange or, if the Common Shares are not listed or
         admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange, as reported in the
         principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to
         securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on
         which the Common Shares are listed or admitted to trading or, if the
         Common Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national
         securities exchange, the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the
         average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter
         market, as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers,
         Inc. Automated Quotation System ("Nasdaq") or such other system then in
         use, or, if on any such date the Common Shares are not quoted by any
         such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as
         furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the Common
         Shares selected by the Board of Directors of the Company. If on any
         such date no market maker is making a market in the Common Shares, the
         fair value of such shares on such date as determined in good faith by
         the Board of Directors of the Company shall be used.


                                      -19-
   23
         The term "Trading Day" shall mean a day on which the principal national
         securities exchange on which the Common Shares are listed or admitted
         to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if the Common
         Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities
         exchange, a Business Day. If the Common Shares are not publicly held or
         not so listed or traded, "current market price" per share shall mean
         the fair value per share as determined in good faith by the Board of
         Directors of the Company, whose determination shall be described in a
         statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be conclusive for all
         purposes.

                           (ii) For the purpose of any computation hereunder,
         the "current market price" per Preferred Share shall be determined in
         the same manner as set forth above for the Common Shares in clause (i)
         of this Section 11(d) (other than the last sentence thereof). If the
         current market price per Preferred Share cannot be determined in the
         manner provided above or if the Preferred Shares are not publicly held
         or listed or traded in a manner described in clause (i) of this Section
         11(d), the "current market price" per Preferred Share shall be
         conclusively deemed to be an amount equal to one hundred (as such
         number may be appropriately adjusted for such events as stock splits,
         stock dividends and recapitalizations with respect to the Common Shares
         occurring after the date of this Agreement) multiplied by the current
         market price per Common Share. If neither the Common Shares nor the
         Preferred Shares are publicly held or so listed or traded, "current
         market price" per Preferred Share shall mean the fair value per share
         as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company,
         whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the
         Rights Agent and shall be conclusive for all purposes. For all purposes
         of this Agreement, the "current market price" of a Preferred Share
         Fraction shall be equal to the "current market price" of one Preferred
         Share divided by 1000.

                           (e) Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding,
no adjustment in the Purchase Price shall be required unless such adjustment
would require an increase or decrease of at least one percent (1%) in the
Purchase Price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this
Section 11(e) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken
into account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this Section
11 shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest ten-thousandth of a
Common Share or one millionth of a Preferred Share, as the case may be.
Notwithstanding the first sentence of this subsection (e), any adjustment
required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (i) three
(3) years from the date of the transaction that mandates such adjustment, or
(ii) the Expiration Date.

                           (f) If as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to
Section 11(a)(ii) or Section 13(a) hereof, the holder of any Right thereafter
exercised shall become entitled to receive


                                      -20-
   24
any shares of capital stock other than Preferred Shares, thereafter the number
of such other shares so receivable upon exercise of any Right and the Purchase
Price thereof shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner and
on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to
the Preferred Shares contained in Sections 11(a), (b), (c), (e), (g), (h), (i),
(j), (k), (m) and (q), and the provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14 hereof
with respect to the Preferred Shares shall apply on like terms to any such other
shares.

                           (g) All Rights originally issued by the Company
subsequent to any adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence
the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of Preferred
Share Fractions purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise of the
Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

                           (h) Unless the Company shall have exercised its
election as provided in Section 11(i), upon each adjustment of the Purchase
Price as a result of the calculations made in subsections (b) and (c), each
Right outstanding immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall
thereafter evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that
number of Preferred Share Fractions (calculated to the nearest one-one millionth
of a Preferred Share) obtained by (i) multiplying (x) the number of Preferred
Share Fractions covered by a Right immediately prior to this adjustment, by (y)
the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment of the
Purchase Price, and (ii) dividing the product so obtained by the Purchase Price
in effect immediately after such adjustment of the Purchase Price.

                           (i) The Company may elect on or after the date of any
adjustment of the Purchase Price to adjust the number of Rights, in lieu of any
adjustment in the number of Preferred Share Fractions purchasable upon the
exercise of a Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after the adjustment in the
number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of Preferred Share
Fractions for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to such
adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such adjustment of the number of
Rights shall become that number of Rights (calculated to the nearest one-one
millionth of a Preferred Share) obtained by dividing the Purchase Price in
effect immediately prior to adjustment of the Purchase Price by the Purchase
Price in effect immediately after adjustment of the Purchase Price. The Company
shall make a public announcement of its election to adjust the number of Rights,
indicating the record date for the adjustment, and, if known at the time, the
amount of the adjustment to be made. The Company shall promptly forward a copy
of such public announcement to the Rights Agent. The record date for the
adjustment may be the date on which the Purchase Price is adjusted or any day
thereafter, but, if the Rights Certificates have been issued, shall be at least
ten (10) days later than the date of the public announcement. If Rights
Certificates have been issued, upon each adjustment of the number of Rights
pursuant to this Section 11(i), the Company shall, as promptly as practicable,
cause to be distributed to holders of


                                      -21-
   25
record of Rights Certificates on such record date Rights Certificates
evidencing, subject to Section 14 hereof, the additional Rights to which such
holders shall be entitled as a result of such adjustment, or, at the option of
the Company, shall cause to be distributed to such holders of record in
substitution and replacement for the Rights Certificates held by such holders
prior to the date of adjustment, and upon surrender thereof, if required by the
Company, new Rights Certificates evidencing all the Rights to which such holders
shall be entitled after such adjustment. Rights Certificates so to be
distributed shall be issued, executed and countersigned in the manner provided
for herein (and may bear, at the option of the Company, the adjusted Purchase
Price) and shall be registered in the names of the holders of record of Rights
Certificates on the record date specified in the public announcement.

                           (j) Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the
Purchase Price or the number of Preferred Share Fractions issuable upon the
exercise of the Rights, the Rights Certificates theretofore and thereafter
issued may continue to express the Purchase Price per Preferred Share Fraction
and the number of Preferred Share Fractions that were expressed in the initial
Rights Certificates issued hereunder.

                           (k) Before taking any action that would cause an
adjustment reducing the Purchase Price below the then stated or par value, if
any, of the number of Preferred Share Fractions issuable upon exercise of the
Rights, the Company shall take any corporate action that may, in the opinion of
its counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally
issue such number of fully paid and nonassessable Preferred Share Fractions at
such adjusted Purchase Price.

                           (l) In any case in which this Section 11 shall
require that an adjustment in the Purchase Price be made effective as of a
record date for a specified event, the Company may elect to defer with prompt
notice thereof to the Rights Agent until the occurrence of such event the
issuance to the holder of any Right exercised after such record date the number
of Preferred Share Fractions and other capital stock or securities of the
Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and above the number of
Preferred Share Fractions and other capital stock or securities of the Company,
if any, issuable upon such exercise on the basis of the Purchase Price in effect
prior to such adjustment; provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to
such holder a due bill or other appropriate instrument evidencing such holder's
right to receive such additional shares (fractional or otherwise) or securities
upon the occurrence of the event requiring such adjustment, and the Company
shall also deliver a copy of such bill or instrument to the Rights Agent.

                           (m) Anything in this Section 11 to the contrary
notwithstanding, the Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the
Purchase Price, in addition to those

                                      -22-
   26
adjustments expressly required by this Section 11, as and to the extent that in
their good faith judgment the Board of Directors of the Company shall determine
to be advisable in order that any (i) consolidation or subdivision of the
Preferred Shares, (ii) issuance wholly for cash of any Preferred Shares at less
than the current market price, (iii) issuance wholly for cash for Preferred
Shares or securities which by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable
for Preferred Shares, (iv) stock dividends or (v) issuance of rights, options or
warrants referred to in this Section 11, hereafter made by the Company to
holders of its Preferred Shares shall not be taxable to such shareholders.

                           (n) The Company covenants and agrees that it shall
not, at any time after the Distribution Date, (i) consolidate with any other
Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies
with Section 11(o) hereof), (ii) merge with or into any other Person (other than
a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o)
hereof), or (iii) sell or transfer (or permit any Subsidiary to sell or
transfer), in one transaction, or a series of related transactions, assets or
earning power aggregating more than 50% of the assets or earning power of the
Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other person or persons
(other than the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more
transactions each of which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), if (x) at the
time of or immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale there are any
rights, warrants or other instruments or securities outstanding or agreements in
effect that would substantially diminish or otherwise eliminate the benefits
intended to be afforded by the Rights or (y) prior to, simultaneously with or
immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale, the shareholders of the
Person who constitutes, or would constitute, the "Principal Party" for purposes
of Section 13(a) hereof shall have received a distribution of Rights previously
owned by such Person or any of its Affiliates and Associates.

                           (o) The Company covenants and agrees that, after the
Distribution Date, it will not, except as permitted by Section 23 or Section 26
hereof, take (or permit any Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such
action is taken it is reasonably foreseeable that such action will diminish
substantially or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the
Rights.

                           (p) Anything in this Agreement to the contrary
notwithstanding, in the event that the Company shall at any time after the
Rights Dividend Declaration Date and prior to the Distribution Date (excluding,
however, in the case of (i) and (ii) following, the stock dividend declared on
February 28, 2000 in connection with the Company's three-for-one common stock
split) (i) declare a dividend on the outstanding Common Shares payable in Common
Shares, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Shares, or (iii) combine the
outstanding Common Shares into a smaller number of shares, the number of Rights
associated with each Common Share then


                                      -23-
   27
outstanding, or issued or delivered thereafter but prior to the Distribution
Date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the number of Rights thereafter
associated with each Common Share following any such event shall equal the
result obtained by multiplying the number of Rights associated with each Common
Share immediately prior to such event by a fraction the numerator of which shall
be the total number of Common Shares outstanding immediately prior to the
occurrence of the event and the denominator of which shall be the total number
of Common Shares outstanding immediately following the occurrence of such event.

                           (q) In the event that the Rights become exercisable
following a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, the Company, by action of a majority of the
Continuing Directors in office at the time, may authorize that the Rights,
subject to Section 7(e) hereof, either (i) will only be, or (ii) may, at the
option of the holder entitled to exercise the Rights be, exercisable for, in
either case 50% of the Common Shares (or cash or other securities or assets to
be substituted for the Adjustment Shares pursuant to subsection (a)(iii)) that
would otherwise be purchasable under subsection (a), in consideration of the
surrender to the Company of the Rights so exercised and without other payment of
the Purchase Price. Rights exercised under this subsection (q) shall be deemed
to have been exercised in full and shall be canceled.

                  SECTION 12. Certificate of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number
of Shares. Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Section 11 or Section
13 hereof, the Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate setting forth
such adjustment and a brief, reasonably detailed statement of the facts and
computations accounting for such adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Rights
Agent, and with each transfer agent for the Preferred Shares and the Common
Shares, a copy of such certificate, and (c) mail a brief summary thereof to each
holder of a Rights Certificate (or, if prior to the Distribution Date, to each
holder of a certificate representing Common Shares) in accordance with Section
25 hereof. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on any such
certificate and on any adjustment therein contained and shall have no duty with
respect to and shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any such adjustment
unless and until it shall have received such a certificate.

                  SECTION 13. Consolidation, Merger or Sale or Transfer of
Assets or Earning Power.

                           (a) In the event that, following the Stock
Acquisition Date, directly or indirectly, (x) the Company shall consolidate
with, or merge with and into, any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the
Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), and the
Company shall not be the continuing or surviving corporation of such
consolidation or merger, (y) any person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company
in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof) shall consolidate
with, or merge with or into, the


                                      -24-
   28
Company, and the Company shall be the continuing or surviving corporation of
such consolidation or merger and, in connection with such consolidation or
merger, all or part of the outstanding Common Shares shall be changed into or
exchanged for stock or other securities of any other Person or cash or any other
property, or (z) the Company shall sell or otherwise transfer (or one or more of
its Subsidiaries shall sell or otherwise transfer), in one transaction or a
series of related transactions, assets or earning power aggregating more than
50% of the assets, operating income, cash flow or earning power of the Company
and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any Person or Persons (other than the
Company or any Subsidiary of the Company in one or more transactions each of
which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), then, and in each such case and
except as contemplated by subsection (d), proper provision shall be made so
that:

                                    (i) each holder of a Right, except as
         provided in Section 7(e) hereof or subsection (e), shall thereafter
         have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then
         current Purchase Price in accordance with the terms of this Agreement,
         such number of validly authorized and issued, fully paid, non
         assessable and freely tradeable Common Shares of the Principal Party
         (as such term is hereinafter defined), not subject to any liens,
         encumbrances, rights of first refusal or other adverse claims, as shall
         be equal to the result obtained by (1) multiplying the then current
         Purchase Price by the number of Preferred Share Fractions for which a
         Right is exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a
         Section 13 Event (or, if a Section 11(a)(ii) Event has occurred prior
         to the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event, multiplying the number
         of such shares for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to
         the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event by the Purchase Price
         in effect immediately prior to such first occurrence), and (2) dividing
         that product (which, following the first occurrence of a Section 13
         Event, shall be referred to as the "Purchase Price" for each Right and
         for all purposes of this Agreement) by 50% of the current market price
         (determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof) per Common Share of
         such Principal Party on the date of consummation of such Section 13
         Event;

                                    (ii) such Principal Party shall thereafter
         be liable for, and shall assume, by virtue of such Section 13 Event,
         all the obligations and duties of the Company pursuant to this
         Agreement;

                                    (iii) the term "Company" shall thereafter be
         deemed to refer to such Principal Party, it being specifically intended
         that the provisions of Section 11 hereof shall apply only to such
         Principal Party following the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event;




                                      -25-
   29
                                    (iv) such Principal Party shall take such
         steps (including, but not limited to, the reservation of a sufficient
         number of its Common Shares) in connection with the consummation of any
         such transaction as may be necessary to assure that the provisions
         hereof shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may be,
         in relation to its Common Shares thereafter deliverable upon the
         exercise of the Rights; and

                                    (v) the provisions of Section 11(a)(ii)
         hereof shall be of no effect following the first occurrence of any
         Section 13 Event.

                           (b)  "Principal Party" shall mean

                                    (i) in the case of any transaction described
         in clause (x) or (y) of the first sentence of subsection (a), the
         Person that is the issuer of any securities into which Common Shares of
         the Company are converted in such merger or consolidation, and if no
         securities are so issued, the Person that is the other party to such
         merger or consolidation; and

                                    (ii) in the case of any transaction
         described in clause (z) of the first sentence of subsection (a), the
         Person that is the party receiving the greatest portion of the assets
         or earning power transferred pursuant to such transaction or
         transactions;

provided, however, that in the case of either (i) or (ii) above, (1) if the
Common Shares of such Person are not at such time and have not been continuously
over the preceding twelve (12) month period registered under Section 12 of the
Exchange Act, and such Person is a direct or indirect Subsidiary of another
Person the Common Shares of which are and have been so registered, "Principal
Party" shall refer to such other Person, and (2) in case such Person is a
Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, of more than one Person, the Common Shares
of two or more of which are and have been so registered, "Principal Party" shall
refer to whichever of such Persons is the issuer of the Common Shares having the
greatest aggregate market value.

                           (c) The Company shall not consummate any such
consolidation, merger, sale or transfer unless the Principal Party shall have a
sufficient number of authorized shares of its Common Shares that have not been
issued or reserved for issuance to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in
accordance with this Section 13 and unless prior thereto the Company and such
Principal Party shall have executed and delivered to the Rights Agent a
supplemental agreement providing for the terms set forth in paragraphs (a) and
(b) of this Section 13 and further providing that, as soon as practicable after
the date of any consolidation, merger or sale of assets mentioned in paragraph
(a) of this Section 13, the Principal Party will




                                      -26-
   30
                                    (i) prepare and file a registration
         statement under the Act, with respect to the Rights and the securities
         purchasable upon exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, and
         will use its best efforts to cause such registration statement to (A)
         become effective as soon as practicable after such filing and (B)
         remain effective (with a prospectus at all times meeting the
         requirements of the Act) until the Expiration Date;

                                    (ii) use its best efforts to qualify or
         register the Rights and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the
         Rights under blue sky laws of such jurisdiction, as may be necessary or
         appropriate; and

                                    (iii) deliver to holders of the Rights
         historical financial statements for the Principal Party and each of its
         Affiliates that comply in all respects with the requirements for
         registration on Form 10 under the Exchange Act.

The provisions of this Section 13 shall similarly apply to successive mergers or
consolidations or sales or other transfers. In the event that a Section 13 Event
shall occur at any time after the occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, the
Rights that have not theretofore been exercised shall thereafter become
exercisable solely in the manner described in Section 13(a).

                           (d) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, Section 13 (other than this subsection (d)) shall not be applicable
to, and the term "Section 13 Event" shall not include, a transaction described
in subparagraphs (x) and (y) of Section 13(a) if (i) such transaction is
consummated with a Person, or Persons who acquired Common Shares pursuant to a
Qualifying Offer (or a wholly owned Subsidiary of any such Person or Persons),
(ii) the price per Common Share offered in such transaction is not less than the
price per Common Share paid to all holders of Common Shares whose shares were
purchased pursuant to such tender offer or exchange offer and (iii) the form of
consideration being offered to the remaining holders of Common Shares pursuant
to such transaction is the same as the form of consideration paid pursuant to
such tender or exchange offer. Upon consummation of any such transaction
contemplated by this subsection (d), all Rights hereunder shall expire.

                           (e) In the event that the Rights become exercisable
under subsection (a) (except as provided in subsection (d)), the Company, by
action of a majority of the Continuing Directors in office at the time, may
authorize that the Rights either (i) will only be or (ii) may, at the option of
the Principal Party be, exercisable for, 50% of the Common Shares of the
Principal Party that would otherwise be purchasable under subsection (a), in
consideration of the surrender to the Principal Party, as the successor to the
Company under subsection (a) (ii), of the Rights so exercised and without other
payment of the Purchase Price. Rights exercised under this subsection (e) shall
be deemed to have been exercised in full and shall be canceled.





                                      -27-
   31
                  SECTION 14.  Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares.

                           (a) The Company shall not be required to issue
fractions of Rights, except prior to the Distribution Date as provided in
Section 11(p) hereof, or to distribute Rights Certificates that evidence
fractional Rights. In lieu of such fractional Rights, there shall be paid to the
registered holders of the Rights Certificates with regard to which such
fractional Rights would otherwise be issuable, an amount in cash equal to the
same fraction of the current market value of a whole Right. For purposes of this
subsection (a), the current market value of a whole Right shall be the closing
price of the Rights for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date on which
such fractional Rights would have been otherwise issuable. The closing price of
the Rights for any day shall be the last sale price, regular way, or, in case no
such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked
prices, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated
transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to
trading on the New York Stock Exchange or, if the Rights are not listed or
admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange, as reported in the principal
consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on
the principal national securities exchange on which the Rights are listed or
admitted to trading, or if the Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on
any national securities exchange, the last quoted price or, if not so quoted,
the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market,
as reported by Nasdaq or such other system then in use or, if on any such date
the Rights are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing
bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market
in the Rights selected by the Board of Directors of the Company. If on any such
date no such market maker is making a market in the Rights the fair value of the
Rights on such date as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the
Company shall be used.

                           (b) The Company shall not be required to issue
fractions of Preferred Shares upon exercise of the Rights or to distribute
certificates which evidence fractional Preferred Shares, except in each case for
fractions which are integral multiples of Preferred Shares. In lieu of
fractional Preferred Shares that are not integral multiples of Preferred Shares,
the Company may pay to the registered holders of Rights Certificates at the time
such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same
fraction of the current market value of a Preferred Share. For purposes of this
subsection (b), the current market value of one Preferred Share shall be the
closing price of a Preferred Share (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(ii)
hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of such exercise.

                           (c) Following the occurrence of a Triggering Event,
the Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Common Shares upon
exercise of the Rights or to distribute

                                      -28-
   32
certificates that evidence fractional Common Shares. In lieu of fractional
Common Shares, the Company may pay to the registered holders of Rights
Certificates at the time such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount
in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of one Common
Share. For purposes of this subsection (c), the current market value of one
Common Share shall be the closing price of one Common Share (as determined
pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to
the date of such exercise.

                           (d) Whenever a payment for fractional Rights or
fractional shares is to be made by the Rights Agent, the Company shall (i)
promptly prepare and deliver to the Rights Agent a certificate setting forth in
reasonable detail the facts related to such payment and the process and/or
formulas utilized in calculating such payments, and (ii) provide sufficient
monies to the Rights Agent in the form of fully collected funds to make such
payments. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on such
certificate and shall have no duty with respect to and shall not be deemed to
have knowledge of any payment for fractional Rights or fractional shares under
this Section 4 unless and until it shall have received such a certificate and
sufficient monies.

                           (e) The holder of a Right or a beneficial interest in
a Right by the acceptance thereof expressly waives his right to receive any
fractional Rights or any fractional Common Shares upon exercise of a Right,
except as permitted by this Section 14.

                  SECTION 15. Rights of Action. All rights of action in respect
of this Agreement, excepting the rights of action given to the Rights Agent
under this Agreement, are vested in the respective registered holders of the
Rights Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders
of the Common Shares); and any registered holder of any Rights Certificate (or,
prior to the Distribution Date, of the Common Shares), without the consent of
the Rights Agent or of the holder of any other Rights Certificate (or, prior to
the Distribution Date, of the Common Shares), may, in his own behalf and for his
own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or
proceeding against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, his
right to exercise the Rights evidenced by such Rights Certificate in the manner
provided in such Rights Certificate and in this Agreement. Without limiting the
foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights or beneficial
interests therein, it is specifically acknowledged that the holders of Rights or
beneficial interests therein would not have an adequate remedy at law for any
breach of this Agreement and shall be entitled to specific performance of the
obligations hereunder and injunctive relief against actual or threatened
violations of the obligations hereunder of any Person subject to this Agreement.



                                      -29-
   33
                  SECTION 16. Agreement of Rights Holders. Every holder of a
Right or a beneficial interest in a Right by accepting the same consents and
agrees with the Company and the Rights Agent and with every other such holder
that:

                           (a) prior to the Distribution Date, beneficial
interests in the Rights will be transferable only in connection with the
transfer of Common Shares;

                           (b) after the Distribution Date, the Rights
Certificates are transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if
surrendered at the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purposes, duly
endorsed or accompanied by a proper instrument of transfer and with the
appropriate forms and certificates fully executed;

                           (c) subject to Section 6(a) and Section 7(f) hereof,
the Company and the Rights Agent may deem and treat the Person in whose name a
Rights Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the associated Common
Share certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights
evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the
Rights Certificates or the associated Common Share certificate made by anyone
other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all purposes whatsoever, and
neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall be required to be affected by any
notice to the contrary; and

                           (d) notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to
any holder of a Right or a beneficial interest in a Right or other Person as a
result of its inability to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement
by reason of any preliminary or permanent injunction or other order, decree,
judgment or ruling (whether interlocutory or final) issued by a court of
competent jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency
or commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated
or enacted by any governmental authority, prohibiting or otherwise restraining
performance of such obligation; provided, however, the Company must use its best
efforts to have any such order, decree, judgment or ruling lifted or otherwise
overturned as soon as possible.

                  SECTION 17. Rights Certificate Holder Not Deemed a
Shareholder. No holder, as such, of any Rights Certificate shall be entitled to
vote, receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the number of
Preferred Share Fractions or any other securities of the Company (including the
Common Shares) that may at any time be issuable on the exercise of the Rights
represented thereby, nor shall anything contained herein or in any Rights
Certificate be construed to confer upon the holder of any Rights Certificate, as
such, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company or any right to vote for
the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to shareholders at any
meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate

                                      -30-
   34
action, or to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting shareholders
(except as provided in Section 24 hereof), or to receive dividends or
subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by such
Rights Certificate shall have been exercised in accordance with the provisions
hereof.

                  SECTION 18.  Concerning the Rights Agent.

                           (a) The Company agrees to pay to the Rights Agent
reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder and, from time
to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, its reasonable expenses and counsel fees
and disbursements and other disbursements incurred in the preparation,
execution, delivery, amendment, administration and execution of this Agreement
and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder. The Company also
agrees to indemnify the Rights Agent and its directors, officers, employees and
agents, for and to hold each of them harmless against, any loss, liability,
damage, judgment, fine, penalty, claim, demand, settlement, cost or expense,
incurred without gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (its finally
determined by a court of competent jurisdiction) on the part of the Rights Agent
or any such indemnified party, for any action taken, suffered or omitted by the
Rights Agent in connection with the acceptance or administration of this
Agreement or the exercise of its duties hereunder, including without limitation
the costs and expenses of defending against any claim of liability arising
therefrom directly or indirectly. The indemnity provided herein shall survive
the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent, termination of this Agreement
and the termination and the expiration of the Rights. The costs and expenses
incurred in enforcing this right of indemnification shall be paid by the
Company. Anything to the contrary notwithstanding, in no event shall the Rights
Agent be liable for special, punitive, indirect, consequential or incidental
loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost
profits), even if the Right Agent has been advised of the likelihood of such
loss or damage. Any liability of the Rights Agent under this Right Agreement
will be limited to the amount of fees paid by the Company to the Rights Agent.

                           (b) The Rights Agent shall be protected and shall
incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by
it in connection with the acceptance and administration of this Agreement or in
the exercise of its duties hereunder in reliance upon any Rights Certificate or
certificate for Common Shares or for other securities of the Company, instrument
of assignment or transfer, power of attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter,
notice, direction, consent, certificate, statement, or other paper or document
believed by it to be genuine and to be signed, executed and, where necessary,
verified or acknowledged, by the proper Person or Persons.

                  SECTION 19. Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of
Rights Agent.





                                      -31-
   35
                           (a) Any Person into which the Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or
any Person resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent
or any successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to the
shareholder services business of the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent,
shall be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Agreement without the
execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the
parties hereto; provided, however, that such Person would be eligible for
appointment as a successor Rights Agent under the provisions of Section 21
hereof.

                           (b) In case at any time the name of the Rights Agent
shall be changed and at such time any of the Rights Certificates shall have been
countersigned but not delivered the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature
under its prior name and deliver Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in
case at that time any of the Rights Certificates shall not have been
countersigned, the Rights Agent may countersign such Rights Certificates either
in its prior name or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Rights
Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Rights Certificates and
in this Agreement.

                  SECTION 20. Duties of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent
undertakes only the duties and obligations, and only the duties and obligations,
expressly imposed by this Agreement (and no implied duties or obligations) upon
the following terms and conditions, by all of which the Company and the holders
of Rights Certificates or beneficial interests in the Rights, by their
acceptance thereof, shall be bound:

                           (a) The Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel
(who may be legal counsel for the Company), and the advice or opinion of such
counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection to the Rights
Agent, and the Rights Agent shall incur no liability for or in respect of, any
action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and in accordance with
such advice or opinion.

                           (b) Whenever in the performance of its duties under
this Agreement the Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any
fact or matter (including, without limitation, the identity of any Acquiring
Person and the determination of "current market price") be proved or established
by the Company prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, such
fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically
prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a
certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice
President, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any
Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent; and such
certificate shall be full authorization and protection to the Rights Agent and
the


                                      -32-
   36
Rights Agent shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken,
suffered or omitted in good faith by it under the provisions of this Agreement
in reliance upon such certificate.

                           (c) The Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder only
for its own gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct as finally
determined by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided, however that the
Rights Agent shall not be liable for special, indirect, incidental or
consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever, even if the Rights Agent
has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage.

                           (d) The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by
reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement
or in the Rights Certificates or be required to verify the same (except as to
its countersignature on such Rights Certificates), but all such statements and
recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only.

                           (e) The Rights Agent shall not be under any liability
or responsibility in respect of the validity of any provision of this Agreement
or the execution and delivery hereof (except the due execution hereof by the
Rights Agent) or in respect of the validity or execution of any Rights
Certificate (except its countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible
or liable for any breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained
in this Agreement or in any Rights Certificate; nor shall it be responsible or
liable for any adjustment required under the provisions of this Agreement or
responsible for the manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or the
ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment
(except with respect to the exercise of Rights evidenced by Rights Certificates
after actual notice of any such adjustment); nor shall it by any act hereunder
be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or
reservation of any Common Shares to be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any
Rights Certificate or as to whether any Common Shares or Preferred Shares will,
when so issued, be validly authorized and issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

                           (f) The Company agrees that it will perform, execute,
acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and
delivered all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may
reasonably be required by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by
the Rights Agent of the provisions of this Agreement.

                           (g) The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and
directed to accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties
hereunder from any one of the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice
President, the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer or any
Assistant Treasurer of the Company, and to apply to such officers for advice or
instructions in connection with its duties, and such instructions shall be full
authorization and protection for the Rights Agent and the Rights Agent shall
incur no liability for or in respect of


                                      -33-
   37
any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in
accordance with instructions of any such officer. The Rights Agent may
conclusively rely on the most recent instructions provided to it by any such
officer.

                           (h) The Rights Agent and any shareholder, affiliate,
director, officer or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any
of the Rights or other securities of the Company or become pecuniarily
interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or
contract with or lend money to the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely
as though it were not the Rights Agent under this Agreement and none of such
actions shall constitute a breach of trust. Nothing herein shall preclude the
Rights Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other
Person.

                           (i) The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of
the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either
itself or by or through its attorneys or agents, and the Rights Agent shall not
be answerable or accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any
such attorneys or agents or for any loss to the Company or any other Person
resulting from any such act, default, neglect or misconduct, absent gross
negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (as finally determined by a court of
competent jurisdiction) in the selection and continued employment thereof.

                           (j) No provision of this Agreement shall require the
Rights Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial
liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise
of its rights if it believes that repayment of such funds or adequate
indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

                           (k) If, with respect to any Rights Certificate
surrendered to the Rights Agent for exercise or transfer, the certificate
attached to the form of assignment or form of election to purchase, as the case
may be, has either not been completed or indicates an affirmative response to
clause 1 and/or 2 thereof, the Rights Agent shall not take any further action
with respect to such requested exercise or transfer without first consulting
with the Company.

                  SECTION 21. Change of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent or any
successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this
Agreement upon thirty (30) days' prior written notice mailed to the Company and
to each transfer agent of the Common Shares and Preferred Shares by registered
or certified mail, and to the holders of the Rights Certificates by first- class
mail. The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent upon
thirty (30) days' prior written notice mailed to the Rights Agent or successor
Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent of the Common
Shares and Preferred Shares, by

                                      -34-
   38
registered or certified mail, and to the holders of the Rights Certificates by
first-class mail. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be removed or shall
otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to
the Rights Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a
period of thirty (30) days after giving notice of such removal or after it has
been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or
incapacitated Rights Agent or by the holder of a Rights Certificate (who shall,
with such notice, submit his Rights Certificate for inspection by the Company),
then any registered holder of any Rights Certificate or the Rights Agent may
apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a new Rights
Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such a
court, shall be (a) a Person organized, doing business and in good standing
under the laws of the United States or of any state that is authorized to do
business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state
authority and that has at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a combined
capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 or (b) an Affiliate of any such
Person. After appointment, the successor Rights Agent shall be vested with the
same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally
named as Rights Agent without further act or deed; but the predecessor Rights
Agent shall deliver and transfer to the successor Rights Agent any property at
the time held by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any further assurance,
conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose. Not later than the effective
date of any such appointment, the Company shall file notice thereof in writing
with the predecessor Rights Agent and each transfer agent of the Common Shares
and Preferred Shares and mail a notice thereof in writing to the registered
holders of the Rights Certificates or, prior to the Distribution Date, to the
registered holders of the Common Shares. In case at the time such successor
Rights Agent shall succeed to the agency and trust created by this Agreement,
any of the Rights Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered,
any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of a predecessor
Rights Agent and deliver such Rights Certificates so countersigned; and in case
at that time any of the Rights Certificates shall not have been countersigned,
any successor Rights Agent may countersign such Rights Certificates either in
the name of the predecessor or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in
all such cases such Rights Certificates shall have the full force provided in
the Rights Certificates and in this Agreement. Failure to give any notice
provided for in this Section 21, however, or any defect therein, shall not
affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights
Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be.

                  SECTION 22. Issuance of New Rights Certificates.
Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Rights to the
contrary, the Company may, at its option, issue new Rights Certificates
evidencing Rights in such form as may be approved by its Board of Directors to
reflect any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price and the number or kind or
class of shares or other securities or property purchasable under the Rights
Certificates made in

                                      -35-
   39
accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. In addition, in connection
with the issuance, sale or delivery of Common Shares following the Distribution
Date and prior to the redemption or expiration of the Rights, the Company (a)
shall, with respect to Common Shares so issued, sold or delivered pursuant to
the exercise of stock options, stock appreciation rights, grants or awards
outstanding on the Distribution Date under any benefit plan or arrangement for
employees or directors, or upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of
securities outstanding on the Record Date or hereinafter issued by the Company,
and (b) may, in any other case, if deemed necessary or appropriate by the Board
of Directors of the Company, issue Rights Certificates representing the
appropriate number of Rights in connection with such issuance or sale; provided,
however, that (i) no such Rights Certificate shall be issued if, and to the
extent that, the Company shall be advised by counsel that such issuance would
create a significant risk of material adverse tax consequences to the Company or
the Person to whom such Rights Certificate would be issued, and (ii) no such
Rights Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent that, appropriate
adjustment shall otherwise have been made in lieu of the issuance thereof.

                  SECTION 23.  Redemption and Termination.

                           (a) The Board of Directors of the Company may, at its
option, at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on the
tenth day following a Stock Acquisition Date (or, if the Stock Acquisition Date
shall have occurred prior to the Record Date, the Close of Business on the tenth
day following the Record Date), or (ii) the Close of Business on the Final
Expiration Date, redeem all but not less than all the then outstanding Rights at
a redemption price of $.001 per Right, as such amount may be appropriately
adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction
occurring after the date hereof (such redemption price being hereinafter
referred to as the "Redemption Price") and the Company may, at its option, pay
the Redemption Price either in Common Shares (based on the "current market
price", as defined in Section 11(d)(i) hereof, of the Common Shares at the time
of redemption) or cash; provided, however, if the Board of Directors of the
Company authorizes redemption of the Rights in either of the circumstances set
forth in clauses (i) and (ii) of this proviso, then there must be Continuing
Directors then in office and such authorization shall require the concurrence of
a majority of such Continuing Directors. Notwithstanding anything contained in
this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights shall not be exercisable after the
occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event until such time as the Company's right
of redemption hereunder has expired.

                           (b) Immediately upon the action of the Board of
Directors of the Company ordering the redemption of the Rights, without any
notice, or further action, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and
the only right thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the
Redemption Price for each Right so held. Promptly after the action of the Board
of

                                      -36-
   40
Directors ordering the redemption of the Rights, the Company shall mail notice
of such redemption to the Rights Agent and the holders of the then outstanding
Rights by, in the case of notice to holders, mailing such notice to all such
holders at each holder's last address as it appears upon the registry books of
the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of
the Transfer Agent for the Common Shares. Any notice that is mailed in the
manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives
the notice. Each such notice of redemption will state the method by which the
payment of the Redemption Price will be made.

                  SECTION 24. Exchange.

                           (a) The Board of Directors of the Company may, at its
option, at any time after any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, exchange all
or part of the then outstanding and exercisable Rights (which shall not include
Rights that have become null and void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e)
hereof) for Common Shares at an exchange ratio of one Common Share per Right,
appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar
transaction occurring after the date hereof (such exchange ratio being
hereinafter referred to as the "Exchange Ratio"). Notwithstanding the foregoing,
the Company"s Board of Directors shall not be empowered to effect such exchange
at any time after any Person (other than the Company, any Subsidiary of the
Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company or any such Subsidiary, or any
Person organized, appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to the
terms of any such plan), together with all Affiliates and Associates of such
Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
Common Shares then outstanding.

                           (b) Immediately upon the action of the Board of
Directors of the Company ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to
subsection (a) of this Section 24 and without any further action and without any
notice, the right to exercise such Rights shall terminate and the only right
thereafter of the holders of such Rights shall be to receive that number of
Common Shares equal to the number of such Rights held by such holder multiplied
by the Exchange Ratio. The Company shall promptly give public notice of any such
exchange; provided, however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, such
notice shall not affect the validity of such exchange. The Company shall
promptly notify the Rights Agent of any such exchange. The Company promptly
shall mail a notice of any such exchange to all of the holders of such Rights at
their last addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent.
Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given,
whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of exchange will
state the method by which the exchange of the Common Shares for Rights will be
effected and, in the event of any partial exchange, the number of Rights which
will be exchanged. Any partial exchange shall be effected


                                      -37-
   41
pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than Rights which have become null
or void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e) hereof) held by each holder
of Rights.

                           (c) In the event that there shall not be sufficient
Common Shares issued but not outstanding or authorized but issued to permit any
exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 24, the
Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize additional
Common Shares for issuance upon exchange of the Rights.

                           (d) The Company shall not be required to issue
fractions of Common Shares or to distribute certificates which evidence
fractional Common Shares. In lieu of such fractional Common Shares, there shall
be paid to the registered holders of the Rights Certificates with regard to
which such fractional Common Shares would otherwise be issuable, an amount in
cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of a whole Common
Share. For the purposes of this subsection (d), the current market value of a
whole Common Share shall be the closing price of a Common Share (as determined
pursuant to the second sentence of Section 11(d) hereof) for the Trading Day
immediately prior to the date of exchange pursuant to this Section 24.

                  SECTION 25.  Notice of Certain Events.

                           (a) In case the Company shall propose, at any time
after the Distribution Date, (i) to pay any dividend payable in stock of any
class to the holders of Preferred Shares or to make any other distribution to
the holders of Preferred Shares (other than a regular quarterly dividend out of
earnings or retained earnings of the Company), or (ii) to offer to the holders
of Preferred Shares rights or warrants to subscribe for or to purchase any
additional Preferred Shares or shares of stock of any class or any other
securities, rights or options, or (iii) to effect any reclassification of its
Preferred Shares (other than a reclassification involving only the subdivision
of outstanding Preferred Shares), or (iv) to effect any consolidation or merger
into or with any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a
transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or to effect any sale or
other transfer (or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale
or other transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, of
more than 50% of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries
(taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons (other than the Company and/or
any of its Subsidiaries in one or more transactions each of which complies with
Section 11(o) hereof), or (v) to effect the liquidation, dissolution or winding
up of the Company, then, in each such case, the Company shall give to the Rights
Agent and to each holder of a Rights Certificate, to the extent feasible and in
accordance with Section 26 hereof, a notice of such proposed action, which shall
specify the record date for the purposes of such stock dividend, distribution of
rights or warrants, or the date on which such reclassification, consolidation,
merger, sale, transfer,

                                      -38-
   42
liquidation, dissolution, or winding up is to take place and the date of
participation therein by the holders of Preferred Shares, if any such date is to
be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the case of any action covered by
clause (i) or (ii) above at least twenty (20) days prior to the record date for
determining holders of Preferred Shares for purposes of such action, and in the
case of any such other action, at least twenty (20) days prior to the date of
the taking of such proposed action or the date of participation therein by the
holders of Preferred Shares, whichever shall be the earlier.

                           (b) In case any of the events set forth in Section
11(a)(ii) hereof shall occur, then, in any such case (i) the Company shall as
soon as practicable thereafter give to each holder of a Rights Certificate and
the Rights Agent, to the extent feasible and in accordance with Section 26
hereof, a notice of the occurrence of such event, which shall specify the event
and the consequences of the event to holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii)
hereof, and (ii) all references in the preceding paragraph to Preferred Shares
shall be deemed thereafter to refer to Common Shares and/or, if appropriate,
other securities.

                  SECTION 26. Notices. Notices or demands authorized by this
Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Rights
Certificate to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by
first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in
writing with the Rights Agent) as follows:

                           Safeguard Scientifics, Inc.
                           800 The Safeguard Building
                           435 Devon Park Drive
                           Wayne, Pennsylvania  19087-1945
                           Attention: Corporate Secretary

Subject to the provisions of Section 21, any notice or demand authorized by this
Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of any Rights
Certificate to or on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently given or made if
sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is
filed in writing with the Company) as follows:

                           ChaseMellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C.
                           450 W. 23rd Street, 10th Floor
                           New York, New York 10001
                           Attention: Monty Harry

Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the
Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of any Rights Certificate (or, if
prior to the Distribution Date to the

                                      -39-
   43
holder of certificates representing Common Shares) shall be sufficiently given
or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such holder
at the address of such holder as shown on the registry books of the Company.

                  SECTION 27. Supplements and Amendments. Prior to the
Distribution Date and subject to the penultimate sentence of this Section 27,
the Company may and the Rights Agent shall, if the Company so directs,
supplement or amend any provision of this Agreement without the approval of any
holders of certificates representing Common Shares. From and after the
Distribution Date and subject to the penultimate sentence of this Section 27,
the Company may and the Rights Agent shall, if the Company so directs,
supplement or amend this Agreement without the approval of any holders of Rights
Certificates in order (i) to cure any ambiguity, (ii) to correct or supplement
any provision contained herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any
other provisions herein, (iii) to shorten or lengthen any time period hereunder,
or (iv) to change or supplement the provisions hereunder in any manner that the
Company may deem necessary or desirable and that shall not adversely affect the
interests of the holders of Rights Certificates; provided, this Agreement may
not be supplemented or amended to lengthen, pursuant to clause (iii) of this
sentence, (A) a time period relating to when the Rights may be redeemed at such
time as the Rights are not then redeemable, or (B) any other time period unless
such lengthening is for the purpose of protecting, enhancing or clarifying the
rights of, and/or the benefits to, the holders of Rights. Upon the delivery of a
certificate from an appropriate officer of the Company that states that the
proposed supplement or amendment is in compliance with the terms of this Section
27, and if requested by the Rights Agent, an opinion of counsel and such
supplement or amendment does not change or increase the Rights Agent"s duties,
liabilities, obligations, the Rights Agent shall execute such supplement or
amendment. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary,
(i) no supplement or amendment shall be made that changes the Redemption Price,
the Final Expiration Date, the Purchase Price or the number of Preferred Share
Fractions for which a Right is exercisable, (ii) any supplement or amendment
shall be effective only if there are Continuing Directors and shall require the
concurrence of a majority of such Continuing Directors if: (x) such supplement
or amendment occurs on or after the time a Person becomes an Acquiring Person,
or (y) such supplement or amendment occurs on or after the date of a change
(resulting from a proxy or consent solicitation) in a majority of the directors
in office at the commencement of such solicitation if any Person who is a
participant in such solicitation has stated (or, if upon the commencement of
such solicitation, a majority of the Board of Directors of the Company has
determined in good faith) that such Person (or any of its Affiliates or
Associates) intends to take, or may consider taking, any action that would
result in such Person becoming an Acquiring Person or that would cause the
occurrence of a Triggering Event unless, concurrent with such solicitation, such
Person (or one or more of its Affiliates or Associates) is making a cash tender
offer pursuant to a

                                      -40-
   44
Schedule 14D-1 (or any successor form) filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission for all outstanding Common Shares not beneficially owned by such
Person (or by its Affiliates or Associates), and (iii) no supplement or
amendment that changes or increases the obligations and duties of the Rights
Agent under this Agreement shall be effective without the consent of the Rights
Agent. Prior to the Distribution Date, the interests of the beneficial owners of
Rights shall be deemed coincident with the interests of the holders of Common
Shares.

                  SECTION 28. Successors. All the covenants and provisions of
this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall
bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns
hereunder.

                  SECTION 29. Determinations and Actions by the Board of
Directors, etc. For all purposes of this Agreement, any calculation of the
number of Common Shares outstanding at any particular time, including for
purposes of determining the particular percentage of such outstanding Common
Shares of which any Person is the Beneficial Owner, shall be made in accordance
with the last sentence of Rule 13d-3(d)(1)(i) of the General Rules and
Regulations under the Exchange Act. The Board of Directors of the Company (with,
where specifically provided for herein, the concurrence of the Continuing
Directors) shall have the exclusive power and authority to administer this
Agreement and to exercise all rights and powers specifically granted to the
Board (with, where specifically provided for herein, the concurrence of the
Continuing Directors) or to the Company, or as may be necessary or advisable in
the administration of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the right
and power to (i) interpret the provisions of this Agreement, and (ii) make all
determinations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of this
Agreement (including a determination to redeem or not redeem the Rights or to
amend or supplement the Agreement). All such actions, calculations,
interpretations and determinations (including, for purposes of clause (y) below,
all omissions with respect to the foregoing) that are done or made by the Board
(with, where specifically provided for herein, the concurrence of the Continuing
Directors) in good faith, shall (x) be final, conclusive and binding on the
Company, the Rights Agent, the holders of the Rights and all other Persons, and
(y) not subject the Board or the Continuing Directors to any liability to the
holders of the Rights. For purposes of this Agreement, the Rights Agent shall be
allowed to assume that all such actions, calculations, interpretations and
determinations have been done or made by the Board in good faith.

                  SECTION 30. Benefits of this Agreement. Nothing in this
Agreement shall be construed to give to any Person other than the Company, the
Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior
to the Distribution Date, registered holders of the Common Shares) any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement; but this Agreement shall
be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights Agent and the

                                      -41-
   45
registered holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution
Date, registered holders of the Common Shares).

                  SECTION 31. Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or
restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or
other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable for any purpose or under
any set of circumstances or as applied to any Person, such invalid, void or
unenforceable term, provision, covenant or restriction shall continue in effect
to the maximum extent possible for all other purposes, under all other
circumstances and as applied to all other Persons; and the remainder of the
terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in
full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated;
provided, however, that notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, if any such term, provision, covenant or restriction is held by such
court or authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable and the Board of
Directors of the Company determines in its good faith judgment that severing the
invalid language from this Agreement would adversely affect the purpose or
effect of this Agreement, the right of redemption set forth in Section 23 hereof
shall be reinstated and shall not expire until the Close of Business on the
tenth day following the date of such determination by the Board of Directors.
Without limiting the foregoing, if any provisions requiring that a determination
be made by less than the entire Board (or at a time or with the concurrence of a
group of directors consisting of less than the entire Board) is held by a court
of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or
unenforceable, such determination shall then be made by the Board in accordance
with applicable law and the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and by-laws.

                  SECTION 32. Governing Law. This Agreement, each Right and each
Rights Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under
the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and for all purposes shall be
governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of such jurisdiction
applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within such
jurisdiction; except that all provisions regarding the rights, duties and
obligations of the Rights Agent shall by governed by and construed in accordance
with the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be
performed entirely within such jurisdiction.

                  SECTION 33. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in
any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes
be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute
but one and the same instrument.

                  SECTION 34. Descriptive Headings. Descriptive headings of the
several Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall
not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions
hereof.


                                      -42-
   46
         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be
duly executed as of the day and year first above written.

                                        SAFEGUARD SCIENTIFICS, INC.


                                        By
                                        Name:
                                        Title:



                                        CHASEMELLON SHAREHOLDER SERVICES, L.L.C.




                                        By
                                        Name:
                                        Title:     Assistant Vice President


                                      -43-
   47
                                                                       EXHIBIT A

                     RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF
                           SAFEGUARD SCIENTIFICS, INC.
                          ESTABLISHING AND DESIGNATING
                 SERIES A JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED SHARES
                       AS A SERIES OF THE PREFERRED STOCK


RESOLVED, that pursuant to the authority expressly vested in the Board of
Directors of Safeguard Scientifics, Inc. (the "Corporation") by Article FIFTH of
the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation, the Board of Directors hereby
fixes and determines the voting rights, designations, preferences,
qualifications, privileges, limitations, restrictions, options, conversion
rights and other special or relative rights of the first series of the Series
Preferred Stock, par value $10.00 per share, which shall consist of 150,000
shares and shall be designated as Series A Junior Participating Preferred Shares
(the "Series A Preferred Shares").

Special Terms of the Series A Preferred Shares

                  SECTION 1.  Dividends and Distributions.

                  (a) The rate of dividends payable per share of Series A
Preferred Shares on the first day of January, April, July and October in each
year or such other quarterly payment date as shall be specified by the Board of
Directors (each such date being referred to herein as a "Quarterly Dividend
Payment Date), commencing on the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date after the
first issuance of a share or fraction of a share of the Series A Preferred
Shares, shall be (rounded to the nearest cent) equal to the greater of (i)
$10.00 or (ii) subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth,
1,000 times the aggregate per share amount of all cash dividends, and 1,000
times the aggregate per share amount (payable in cash, based upon the fair
market value at the time the non-cash dividend or other distribution is declared
or paid as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors) of all non-cash
dividends or other distributions other than a dividend payable in shares of
Common Stock or a subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by
reclassification or otherwise), declared on the Common Stock, $.10 par value per
share, of the Corporation since the immediately preceding Quarterly Dividend
Payment Date, or, with respect to the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date,
since the first issuance of any share or fraction of a share of the Series A
Preferred Shares. Dividends on the Series A Preferred Shares shall be paid out
of funds legally available for such purpose. In the event the Corporation shall
at any time after February 28, 2000 (the Rights Declaration Date), (excluding,
however, the stock dividend declared on February 28, 2000 in connection with the
Company's three-for-one common stock split) (i) declare any dividend on Common
Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding shares
of Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding shares of Common Stock into a
smaller number of shares, then in each such case the amounts to which holders of
Series A Preferred Shares were entitled
   48
immediately prior to such event under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence
shall be adjusted by multiplying each such amount by a fraction the numerator of
which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such
event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that
were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

                  (b) Dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative on
outstanding Series A Preferred Shares from the Quarterly Dividend Payment Date
next preceding the date of issue of such Series A Preferred Shares, unless the
date of issue of such shares is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date, in which case dividends on such shares shall begin to
accrue from the date of issue of such shares, or unless the date of issue is a
Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or is a date after the record date for the
determination of holders of Series A Preferred Shares entitled to receive a
quarterly dividend and before such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in either of
which events such dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative from such
quarterly Dividend Payment Date. Accrued but unpaid dividends shall not bear
interest. Dividends paid on the Series A Preferred Shares in an amount less than
the total amount of such dividends at the time accrued and payable on such
shares shall be allocated pro rata on a share-by-share basis among all such
shares at the time outstanding.

                  SECTION 2. Voting Rights. In addition to any other voting
rights required by law, the holders of Series A Preferred Shares shall have the
following voting rights:

                  (a) Subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set
forth, each Series A Preferred Share shall entitle the holder thereof to 1,000
votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders of the Corporation.
In the event the Corporation shall at any time after the Rights Declaration Date
(i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii)
subdivide the outstanding shares of Common Stock, or (iii) combine the
outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each
such case the number of votes per share to which holders of Series A Preferred
Shares were entitled immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted by
multiplying such number by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of
shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the
denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were
outstanding immediately prior to such event.

                  (b) In the event that dividends upon the Series A Preferred
Shares shall be in arrears to an amount equal to six full quarterly dividends
thereon, the holders of such Series A Preferred Shares shall become entitled to
the extent hereinafter provided to vote noncumulatively at all elections of
directors of the Corporation, and to receive notice of all shareholders'
meetings to be held for such purpose. At such meetings, to the extent that
directors are being elected, the holders of such Series A Preferred Shares
voting as a class shall be entitled solely to elect two members of the Board of
Directors of the Corporation; and all other directors of the Corporation shall
be elected by the other shareholders of the Corporation entitled to vote in the
election of directors. Such voting rights of the holders of such Series A
Preferred Shares shall continue until all accumulated and unpaid dividends
thereon shall have been paid or funds sufficient therefor


                                       A-2
   49
set aside, whereupon all such voting rights of the holders of shares of such
series shall cease, subject to being again revived from time to time upon the
reoccurrence of the conditions above described as giving rise thereto.

                  At any time when such right to elect directors separately as a
class shall have so vested, the Corporation may, and upon the written request of
the holders of record of not less than 20% of the then outstanding total number
of shares of all the Series A Preferred Shares having the right to elect
directors in such circumstances shall, call a special meeting of holders of such
Series A Preferred Shares for the election of directors. In the case of such a
written request, such special meeting shall be held within 90 days after the
delivery of such request, and, in either case, at the place and upon the notice
provided by law and in the By-laws of the Corporation; provided, that the
Corporation shall not be required to call such a special meeting if such request
is received less than 120 days before the date fixed for the next ensuing annual
or special meeting of shareholders of the Corporation. Upon the mailing of the
notice of such special meeting to the holders of such Series A Preferred Shares,
or, if no such meeting be held, then upon the mailing of the notice of the next
annual or special meeting of shareholders for the election of directors, the
number of directors of the Corporation shall, ipso facto, be increased to the
extent, but only to the extent, necessary to provide sufficient vacancies to
enable the holders of such Series A Preferred Shares to elect the two directors
hereinabove provided for, and all such vacancies shall be filled only by vote of
the holders of such Series A Preferred Shares as hereinabove provided. Whenever
the number of directors of the Corporation shall have been increased, the number
as so increased may thereafter be further increased or decreased in such manner
as may be permitted by the By-laws and without the vote of the holders of Series
A Preferred Shares, provided that no such action shall impair the right of the
holders of Series A Preferred Shares to elect and to be represented by two
directors as herein provided.

                  So long as the holders of Series A Preferred Shares are
entitled hereunder to voting rights, any vacancy in the Board of Directors
caused by the death or resignation of any director elected by the holders of
Series A Preferred Shares, shall, until the next meeting of shareholders for the
election of directors, in each case be filled by the remaining director elected
by the holders of Series A Preferred Shares having the right to elect directors
in such circumstances.

                  Upon termination of the voting rights of the holders of any
series of Series A Preferred Shares the terms of office of all persons who shall
have been elected directors of the Corporation by vote of the holders of Series
A Preferred Shares or by a director elected by such holders shall forthwith
terminate.

                  (c) Except as otherwise provided herein, in the Articles of
Incorporation of the Corporation or by law, the holders of Series A Preferred
Shares and the holders of Common Stock (and the holders of shares of any other
series or class entitled to vote thereon) shall vote together as one class on
all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders of the Corporation.

                                       A-3
   50
                  SECTION 3. Reacquired Shares. Any Series A Preferred Shares
purchased or otherwise acquired by the Corporation in any manner whatsoever
shall be retired and canceled promptly after the acquisition thereof. All such
shares shall upon their cancellation become authorized but unissued Series
Preferred Stock and may be reissued as part of a new series of Series Preferred
Stock to be created by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors.

                  SECTION 4. Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up. In the
event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of
the Corporation, the holders of Series A Preferred Shares shall be entitled to
receive the greater of (a) $100.00 per share, plus accrued dividends to the date
of distribution, whether or not earned or declared, or (b) an amount per share,
subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 1,000
times the aggregate amount to be distributed per share to holders of Common
Stock. In the event the Corporation shall at any time after the Rights
Declaration Date (i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of
Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding shares of Common Stock, or (iii)
combine the outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares,
then in each such case the amount to which holders of Series A Preferred Shares
were entitled immediately prior to such event pursuant to clause (b) of the
preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction
the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding
immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of
shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

                  SECTION 5. Consolidation, Merger, etc. In case the Corporation
shall enter into any consolidation, merger, combination or other transaction in
which the shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock
or securities, cash and/or any other property, then in any such case the Series
A Preferred Shares shall at the same time be similarly exchanged or changed in
an amount per share (subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set
forth) equal to 1,000 times the aggregate amount of stock, securities, cash
and/or any other property (payable in kind), as the case may be, into which or
for which each share of Common Stock is changed or exchanged. In the event the
Corporation shall at any time after the Rights Declaration Date (i) declare any
dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the
outstanding shares of Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding shares of
Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case the amount
set forth in the preceding sentence with respect to the exchange or change of
shares of Series A Preferred Shares shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount
by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the
number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such
event.

                                       A-4
   51
                  SECTION 6. No Redemption. The Series A Preferred Shares shall
not be redeemable.

                  SECTION 7. Ranking. The Series A Preferred Shares shall rank
junior to all other series of the Corporation's Series Preferred Stock as to the
payment of dividends and the distribution of assets, unless the terms of any
such series shall provide otherwise.

                  SECTION 8. Fractional Shares. Series A Preferred Shares may be
issued in fractions of a share which shall entitle the holder, in proportion to
such holder's fractional shares, to exercise voting rights, receive dividends,
participate in distributions and to have the benefit of all other rights of
holders of Series A Preferred Shares.


                                       A-5
   52
                                                                       EXHIBIT B



                          [Form of Rights Certificate]




Certificate No.  R-                ___________ Rights



         NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER FEBRUARY 28, 2010 OR AFTER EARLIER REDEMPTION BY
         THE COMPANY. THE RIGHTS ARE SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION, AT THE OPTION OF THE
         COMPANY, AT $.001 PER RIGHT ON THE TERMS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS
         AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN
         ACQUIRING PERSON OR AN AFFILIATE OR ASSOCIATE OF AN ACQUIRING PERSON
         (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT) AND ANY SUBSEQUENT
         HOLDER OF SUCH RIGHTS MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID. [THE RIGHTS REPRESENTED
         BY THIS RIGHTS CERTIFICATE ARE OR WERE BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY A PERSON
         WHO WAS OR BECAME AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR AN AFFILIATE OR ASSOCIATE OF
         AN ACQUIRING PERSON (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS
         AGREEMENT).

         ACCORDINGLY, THIS RIGHTS CERTIFICATE AND THE RIGHTS REPRESENTED HEREBY
         MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES SPECIFIED IN SECTION 7(e)
         OF SUCH AGREEMENT.]*


- ---------------
* The bracketed portion of the legend shall be inserted only if applicable and
shall replace the preceding sentence.
   53
                           SAFEGUARD SCIENTIFICS, INC.

                               RIGHTS CERTIFICATE


                  This certifies that ___________________, or registered
assigns, is the registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each
of which entitles the owner thereof, subject to the terms, provisions and
conditions of the Rights Agreement, dated as of February 28, 2000 (the Rights
Agreement), between Safeguard Scientifics, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation (the
Company), and ChaseMellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C., a New Jersey limited
liability company (the Rights Agent), to purchase from the Company at any time
prior to 5:00 P.M. (Philadelphia time) on February 28, 2010 at the office or
offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, or its successors as
Rights Agent, one one-thousandth of a fully paid, nonassessable share of Series
A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (the Preferred Share) of the Company, at
a purchase price (the Purchase Price) of $300 per one one-thousandth of a
Preferred Share (such fraction, a Preferred Share Fraction), upon presentation
and surrender of this Rights Certificate with the Form of Election to Purchase
and related Certificate duly executed. Except as provided in Sections 11(q) and
13(e) of the Rights Agreement, the Purchase Price shall be paid, at the option
of the Company, in cash or Common Stock, of the Company (the Common Shares)
having an equivalent value. The number of Rights evidenced by this Rights
Certificate (and the number of Preferred Share Fractions that may be purchased
upon exercise thereof) set forth above, and the Purchase Price per Preferred
Share Fraction set forth above, are the number and Purchase Price as of February
28, 2000, based on the Preferred Shares as constituted at such date.

                  Except as otherwise provided in the Rights Agreement, upon the
occurrence of any Section 11(a)(ii) Event (as such term is defined in the Rights
Agreement), if the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate are beneficially
owned by (i) an Acquiring Person or Associate or Affiliate or Associate of any
Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement), (ii) a
transferee of any Acquiring Person (of any such Associate or Affiliate) who
becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such, or (iii) under
certain circumstances specified in the Rights Agreement, a transferee of a
person who, after such transfer, became an Acquiring Person, or an Affiliate or
Associate of an Acquiring Person, such Rights shall become null and void and no
holder hereof shall have any right with respect to such Rights from and after
the occurrence of any such Section 11(a)(ii) Event.

                  As provided in the Rights Agreement, the Purchase Price and
the number and kind of Preferred Shares or other securities that may be
purchased upon the exercise of the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate
are subject to modification and adjustment upon the happening of certain events,
including Triggering Events and a Section 11 (a) (ii) Event.

                  This Rights Certificate is subject to all of the terms,
covenants and restrictions of the Rights Agreement, which terms, covenants and
restrictions are hereby incorporated herein by


                                       B-2
   54
reference and made a part hereof and to which Rights Agreement reference is
hereby made for a full description of the rights, limitations of rights,
obligations, duties and immunities hereunder of the Rights Agent, the Company
and the holders of the Rights Certificates, which limitations of rights include
the temporary suspension of the exercisability of such Rights under the specific
circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement. Copies of the Rights Agreement
are on file at the above-mentioned office of the Rights Agent and are also
available upon written request to the Company.

                  This Rights Certificate, with or without other Rights
Certificates, upon surrender at the office of the Rights Agent designated for
such purpose, may be exchanged for another Rights Certificate or Rights
Certificates of like tenor and date evidencing Rights entitling the holder to
purchase a like aggregate number of Preferred Share Fractions as the Rights
evidenced by the Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates surrendered shall
have entitled such holder to purchase. If this Rights Certificate shall be
exercised in part, the holder shall be entitled to receive upon surrender hereof
another Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates for the number of whole Rights
not exercised.

                  Subject to the provisions of the Rights Agreement, the Rights
evidenced by this Certificate may be redeemed by the Company at its option at a
redemption price of $.001 per Right at any time prior to the earlier of the
Close of Business (as such term is defined in the Rights Agreement) on (i) the
tenth day following the Stock Acquisition Date (as such time period may be
extended pursuant to the Rights Agreement), and (ii) the Final Expiration Date.
Under certain circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement, the decision to
redeem shall require the concurrence of a majority of the Continuing Directors.

                  No fractional Preferred Shares will be issued upon the
exercise of any Right or Rights evidenced hereby (other than fractions which are
integral multiples of a Preferred Share, which may, as the election of the
Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts), but in lieu thereof a cash
payment will be made, as provided in the Rights Agreement.

                  No holder of this Rights Certificate shall be entitled to vote
or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of Preferred Shares
or of any other securities of the Company (including Common Shares) that may at
any time be issuable on the exercise hereof, nor shall anything contained in the
Rights Agreement or herein be construed to confer upon the holder hereof, as
such, any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company or any right to vote for
the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to shareholders at any
meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or, to
receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting shareholders (except as
provided in the Rights Agreement), or to receive dividends or subscription
rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by this Rights
Certificate shall have been exercised as provided in the Rights Agreement.

                  This Rights Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for
any purpose until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent.


                                       B-3
   55
                  WITNESS the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the
Company and its corporate seal.

Dated as of ____________, 19__


ATTEST                              SAFEGUARD SCIENTIFICS, INC.


____________________                By_______________________________
Secretary                           Title:


Countersigned

CHASEMELLON SHAREHOLDER SERVICES, L.L.C.


By____________________
  Authorized Signature


                                      B-4
   56
                  [Form of Reverse Side of Rights Certificate]


                               FORM OF ASSIGNMENT

                (To be executed by the registered holder if such
              holder desires to transfer the Rights Certificate.)


FOR VALUE RECEIVED ________________________________________ hereby sells,
assigns and transfers unto
________________________________________________________________________________
                  (Please print name and address of transferee)
________________________________________________________________________________
this Rights Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein,
and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint ___________________ Attorney,
to transfer the within Rights Certificate on the books of the within-named
Company, with full power of substitution.

Dated: _________________, 19 __


                                                         _______________________
                                                         Signature
Signature Guaranteed:

                                   Certificate

                  The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate
boxes that:

                  (1) this Rights Certificate [ ] is [ ] is not being sold,
assigned and transferred by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any such Acquiring Person (as such terms
are defined pursuant to the Rights Agreement);

                  (2) after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the
undersigned, it [ ] did [ ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Rights
Certificate from any Person who is, was or subsequently became an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person.

Dated:  ________________, 19__                             _____________________
                                                           Signature

Signature Guaranteed:


                                      B-5
   57
                                     NOTICE

         The signatures to the foregoing Assignment and Certificate must
correspond to the name as written upon the face of this Rights Certificate in
every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever.


                                      B-6
   58
                          FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE

                  (To be executed if holder desires to exercise
                 Rights represented by the Rights Certificate.)

To:  SAFEGUARD SCIENTIFICS, INC.:

                  The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise ________
Rights represented by this Rights Certificate to purchase the Preferred Shares
issuable upon the exercise of the Rights (or Common Shares or such other
securities of the Company or of any other person that may be issuable upon the
exercise of the Rights) and requests that certificates for such shares be issued
in the name of and delivered to:

Please insert social security
or other identifying number


________________________________________________________________________________
                         (Please print name and address)

________________________________________________________________________________

                  If such number of Rights shall not be all the Rights evidenced
by this Rights Certificate, a new Rights Certificate for the balance of such
Rights shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:

Please insert social security
or other identifying number

________________________________________________________________________________
                         (Please print name and address)

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Dated:  _____________, 19__


                                                       _________________________
                                                       Signature

Signature Guaranteed:


                                      B-7
   59
                                   Certificate


                  The undersigned hereby certifies by checking the appropriate
boxes that

                  (1) the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate [ ] are [
] are not being exercised by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any such Acquiring Person (as such terms
are defined pursuant to the Rights Agreement);

                  (2) after due inquiry and to the best knowledge of the
undersigned, it [ ] did [ ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Rights
Certificate from any Person who is, was or became an Acquiring Person or an
Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person.

Dated:  _____________,  19__                           _________________________
                                                       Signature

Signature Guaranteed:


                                     NOTICE

                  The signatures to the foregoing Election to Purchase and
Certificate must correspond to the name as written upon the face of this Rights
Certificate in every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change
whatsoever.



                                      B-8