IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ROANOKE DIVISION
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA :
:
v. : Criminal Number 7:07-cr-00022
:
ITT CORPORATION :
DEFERRED PROSECUTION AGREEMENT
The United States of America, represented by the United States Attorney for
the Western District of Virginia and the Assistant Attorney General, National
Security Division (hereinafter collectively referred to as "the United States"
or "the Government" ), and ITT Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "ITT"),
by its undersigned Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to authority
vested in him by its board of directors, enter into the following deferred
prosecution agreement (hereinafter referred to as the "Agreement"):
Criminal Charges
1. ITT understands that the United States will file a criminal information
(hereinafter "the Information") in the United States District Court for the
Western District of Virginia, Roanoke Division (hereinafter "the Court"),
charging ITT with the following counts:
Count One: Willful Export of Defense Articles Without A License (On or
between March 2001 and August 2001), in violation of Title
22, United States Code, Sections 2778(b)(2) and 2778(c),
Title 18 United States Code, Section 2, and Title 22, Code
of Federal Regulations, Sections 127.1(a) and 127.3.
Count Two: Willful Omission of Statements of Material Fact in Arms
Exports Reports (On or between April 2000 and October 2004),
in violation of Title 22, United States Code, Section
2778(c) and Title 18 United States Code, Section 2.
Count Three: Willful Export of Defense Articles Without A License (On or
between January 1996 and May 2006), in violation of Title
22, United States Code, Sections 2778(b)(2) and 2778(c),
Title 18 United States Code, Section 2, and Title 22, Code
of Federal Regulations, Sections 127.l(a) and 127.3.
Guilty Plea
2. ITT agrees to enter a plea of guilty to Counts One and Two of the
Information pursuant to a separate written plea agreement (hereinafter
"Plea Agreement").
Deferred Prosecution
3. ITT and the United States agree to file a joint motion to defer the
prosecution (hereinafter "Joint Deferral Motion") of Count Three of the
Information for a period of sixty (60) months from the date of the Court
order granting the Joint Deferral Motion (hereinafter "Deferral Period").
ITT understands that the government is willing to enter into this Agreement
because ITT has agreed to accept responsibility for its illegal actions,
because ITT has agreed to undertake the punitive and remedial actions
outlined in this Agreement, and because ITT has demonstrated through its
actions since the Fall of 2005 its willingness to cooperate with the
government.
4. The United States agrees that if ITT is in full compliance with all of its
obligations under this Agreement, the United States, within thirty (30)
days after the expiration of the Deferral Period, will file a motion with
the Court seeking the dismissal with prejudice of Count Three of the
Information.
5. The United States agrees to conduct a review of ITT's progress in
implementing the Remedial Action Plan set forth in the attached Appendix B
(hereinafter "Remedial Action Plan") after the passage of thirty six months
from the date of the Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion. If, in
the sole reasonable discretion of the United States, the United States
concludes from its review that: (1) ITT has successfully implemented the
Remedial Action Plan, (2) ITT is in full compliance with all of its
obligations under this Agreement and (3) no further monitoring under this
agreement is necessary, the
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United States shall file a motion to dismiss with prejudice Count Three of
the Information. ITT and the United States agree that a dismissal of Count
Three prior to the expiration of the full sixty (60) month Deferral Period
will be considered a closing of the Deferral Period and a termination of
any further obligations under this Agreement with the exception of ITT's
obligations pursuant to paragraph 22 d. of this Agreement.
6. ITT and the United States agree to file a joint motion requesting the Court
to exclude from any speedy trial calculation the Deferral Period as a
"period of delay during which prosecution is deferred by the attorney for
the Government pursuant to a written agreement with the defendant, with the
approval of the court, for the purpose of allowing the defendant to
demonstrate his good conduct," pursuant to 18 U.S.C. ss. 3161(h)(2). ITT
further agrees not to assert any right to a speedy trial pursuant to the
Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution, Title 18, United States
Code, Section 3161, Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 48(b), or any
applicable Local Rules of the United States District Court for the Western
District of Virginia.
7. ITT agrees that ITT's previously executed "Waiver of Statute of
Limitations" dated February 3,2006, shall remain in effect throughout the
Deferral Period.
Remedial Actions & Non-Prosecution
8. ITT agrees to implement the Remedial Action Plan outlined in the attached
Appendix B, and such other remedial actions that might be necessary to
ensure that ITT is in full and complete compliance with the export laws of
the United States of America and to ensure that ITT has taken all necessary
steps to safeguard all classified or sensitive information, documents
and/or equipment in its possession, custody or control. ITT further agrees
not to commit any criminal violation of the export laws of the United
States of America or the laws protecting classified information of the
United States of America, including, but not limited to, 22 U.S.C. ss. 2778
and 18 U.S.C. ss. 793.
9. As outlined in the Remedial Action Plan, ITT agrees to continue its
independent internal investigation of possible violations of the export
laws of the United States. The United States agrees not to charge ITT for
additional export violations set forth in the Arms Export Control Act (22
United States
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Code ss.ss. 2771-2781) or it implementing regulations, the International
Traffic in Arms Regulations (22 Code of Federal Regulations ss.ss. 120-
130), occurring prior to the date of the Court order granting the Joint
Deferral Motion that ITT reveals to the United States. The United States
further agrees not to charge ITT under 18 United States Code ss. 1001
regarding statements made to the government in relation to violations of
the Arms Export Control Act or its implementing regulations occurring prior
to the date of the Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion that ITT
reveals to the United States. Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude or
limit the United States from bringing a criminal prosecution against ITT
under 22 United States Code ss.ss. 2771-2781, 22 Code of Federal
Regulations ss.ss. 120-130 and/or 18 United States Code ss. 1001, for any
criminal violation of the Arms Export Control Act or its implementing
regulations, or a related criminal violation of 18 United States Code
ss.1001, that ITT is aware of but fails to inform the United States about
prior to the date of the Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion.
For purposes of this paragraph ITT will be deemed to be "aware" of a
criminal violation of the Arms Export Control Act or its implementing
regulations, or a related criminal violation of 18 United States Code ss.
1001, if a member of ITT Corporation's or ITT Defense's executive
management at the level of Vice-President or above is aware of the
violation. Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude or limit the United
States from bringing a criminal prosecution against ITT under any criminal
statute, including 22 United States Code ss.ss. 2771-2781, 22 Code of
Federal Regulations ss.ss. 120-130 and/or 18 United States Code ss. 1001,
for any criminal act that takes place after the date of the Court order
granting the Joint Deferral Motion.
Statement of Facts
10. ITT agrees that the Statement of Facts attached at Appendix A (hereinafter
"Statement of Facts") is true and accurate to the best of its knowledge and
belief.
11. ITT agrees to accept and acknowledge responsibility for the criminal and
illegal conduct of past and present ITT employees as well as those
individuals and entities who acted on behalf of ITT as set forth in the
Statement of Facts.
12. ITT agrees that it will not, through its present or future attorneys, board
of
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directors, agents, affiliates, officers or employees, make any public
statement, including statements or positions in litigation in which any
United States department or agency is a party, contradicting any statement
of fact set forth in the attached Statement of Facts. Any such willful,
knowing and material contradictory public statement by ITT, its present or
future attorneys, board of directors, agents, affiliates, officers or
employees, shall constitute a breach of this Agreement. The decision of
whether any public statement by any such person contradicting a statement
of fact contained in the Statement of Facts will be imputed to ITT for the
purpose of determining whether ITT has breached this Agreement shall be at
the sole reasonable discretion of the United States. If and when the United
States determines that ITT has made such a willful, knowing and material
contradictory statement, the United States shall so notify ITT and ITT may
avoid a breach of this Agreement by publicly repudiating such statement
within three business days after receipt of notification by the United
States. This paragraph is not intended to apply to any statement made by
any individual in the course of any criminal, regulatory, or civil case
initiated by the government against such individual, unless such individual
is speaking on behalf of ITT. Consistent with ITT's obligation not to
contradict any statement of fact set forth in the Statement of Facts, ITT
may take good faith positions in any litigation in which it is a party.
Cooperation
13. ITT agrees to cooperate during the Deferral Period with the United States,
the Independent Monitor described in paragraphs sixteen (16) and seventeen
(17) below, and, as directed by the United States or the Independent
Monitor, with any other governmental department or agency regarding any
matters related to this Agreement.
14. ITT agrees that with respect to this Agreement, ITT's cooperation shall
include, but is not limited to, the following:
a. Truthfully disclosing information within ITT's possession,
custody or control with respect to the activities of ITT, its
affiliates and its present and former officers, agents, and
employees, concerning the subject matters inquired into by the
United States regarding possible violations of the laws,
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regulations and programs listed in Section I.A. of the Remedial
Action Plan. This obligation of truthful disclosure includes an
obligation to provide the United States reasonable access to
ITT's documents and employees, whether or not located in the
United States, and reasonable access to ITT's facilities for that
purpose.
b. Assembling, organizing and providing on request from the United
States, documents, records or other tangible evidence in ITT's
possession, custody, or control in such format as the United
States reasonably requests. Where appropriate, ITT will continue
to use the services of expert technical consultants to assist in
the identification and retrieval of relevant information and
data.
c. Using its reasonable best efforts to make available its present
or former officers, directors and employees, whether or not
located in the United States, to provide information and/or
testimony as requested by the United States, including sworn
testimony before a federal grand jury or in federal trials, as
well as interviews with federal authorities. Cooperation under
this paragraph will include identification of witnesses who, to
ITT's knowledge, may have relevant information regarding possible
violations of the laws, regulations and programs listed in
Section I.A. of the Remedial Action Plan.
d. Providing testimony and other information deemed necessary by the
United States or a court to identify or establish the original
location, authenticity, or other evidentiary foundation necessary
to admit into evidence documents or other exhibits in any
criminal or other proceeding as requested by the United States.
15. ITT agrees that the United States, in its sole discretion, may disclose to
any government department or agency any information, testimony, document,
record or other tangible evidence provided to the United States pursuant to
this agreement. If any information, documents, records or other materials
provided by ITT to the United States contain confidential or proprietary
business or financial information, ITT may identify the relevant
information or materials at the time of production. The United States
agrees that it will maintain the
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confidentiality of, and will not disclose or disseminate, any confidential
or proprietary business or financial information identified and provided by
ITT without the consent of ITT, except that the United States may share
such information with another government department or agency, or with the
Independent Monitor, as required by law or to the extent necessary to
fulfill its law enforcement obligations or duties.
Independent Monitor
16. ITT agrees that it will retain and pay for an Independent Monitor
(hereinafter "the Monitor"), who will be selected by the United States, to
monitor ITT's compliance with this Agreement. ITT agrees that the Monitor
shall be independent and that there shall be no limitations on any sharing
of information between the Monitor, the United States, and other government
departments or agencies. The Monitor shall maintain the confidentiality of,
and shall not disclose or disseminate, any confidential or proprietary
business or financial information identified and provided by ITT without
the consent of ITT, except that the monitor may share such information with
the United States or other government departments or agencies to the extent
necessary to fulfill the duties of the Monitor.
17. ITT agrees that the Monitor shall:
a. have sufficient staff and resources, as reasonably
determined by the Monitor, to effectively monitor ITT's
compliance with this Agreement;
b. have the right to select and hire outside expertise if
necessary to effectively monitor ITT's compliance with this
Agreement;
c. report in writing to the United States on a semi-annual
basis, regarding ITT's cooperation with the Monitor and
ITT's progress in complying with the terms of this
Agreement; and
d. work with the United States Department of State as requested
by the United States Department of State.
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Breach of Agreement
18. ITT agrees that a willful and knowing failure to abide by or fully perform
any of the terms, promises or agreements set forth in this Agreement shall
constitute a breach of the Agreement.
19. If the United States determines that ITT has committed a willful and
knowing material breach of this Agreement, the United States shall provide
ITT with written notice of this preliminary breach determination and at the
sole reasonable discretion of the United States, evidence supporting the
preliminary breach determination. Within thirty (30) calendar days from the
date of the government's written notice, ITT shall have the right to make a
presentation to the United States or its designees to demonstrate that no
breach has occurred, or to the extent applicable, that the breach was not a
willful, knowing or material breach or that the breach has been cured. If
ITT elects to make a presentation, the United States shall thereafter
provide written notice to ITT of the United States final determination
regarding whether a breach occurred and whether the breach has been
effectively cured. If ITT fails to make a presentation within the thirty
day time period, the initial notification will become the United States
final determination.
20. If the United States makes a final determination that ITT has made a
willful, knowing and material breach of this Agreement, the United States
may elect from the following three remedies depending on the nature and
seriousness of the breach:
Remedy 1 - The United States may give ITT a specific time period in which
to remedy the breach. If the United States determines that ITT has failed
to remedy the breach during the specified time period, the United States
may elect Remedy 2 or Remedy 3 below.
Remedy 2 - The United States may assess an additional monetary penalty of
not more than $10,000,000.00. The amount of the additional monetary penalty
shall be determined by the United States based upon the nature and the
seriousness of the breach. ITT may appeal the United States determination
that ITT breached this Agreement and the amount of the additional monetary
penalty imposed to a retired federal judge selected by the United States
sitting as an independent Special Master (hereinafter "Special Master").
Review by
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the Special Master shall be de novo and the United States shall bear the
burden of proof to establish any factual issues by a preponderance of the
evidence. ITT agrees to pay for all costs associated with Remedy 2,
including the costs of retaining the services of the Special Master. All
findings of the Special Master shall be final and binding on ITT and the
United States. ITT agrees to pay any additional monetary penalty imposed
within thirty (30) calendar days of the Special Master's decision on the
matter. ITT's failure to make a timely payment will constitute a separate
material breach of this Agreement. Payment of any additional monetary
penalty shall not relieve ITT of performing all of its obligations under
this Agreement.
Remedy 3 - The United States may prosecute ITT with regard to Count Three
of the Information and any other criminal conduct discovered during the
Investigation. ITT shall be deemed to have stipulated to the admissibility
into evidence of Appendix C (Statement of Facts). ITT shall also be
precluded from offering any evidence or arguments that the statements in
Appendix C are untrue. ITT agrees that all statements made by or on behalf
of ITT, including testimony given by ITT and any employee (current or
former) before a grand jury, or elsewhere, shall be admissible in evidence
when offered by the United States in any and all criminal proceedings
brought by the United States against ITT. ITT further agrees that it shall
not assert any claim under the United States Constitution, Rule 410 of the
Federal Rules of Evidence, or any other rule, that statements made by or on
behalf of ITT prior to or subsequent to this Agreement, or any leads
derived therefrom, should be inadmissible or suppressed. ITT also agrees to
waive any right to be indicted by a grand jury and stipulates that the
United States may proceed by information.
21. ITT agrees to waive any right it may have to a determination by a Court
with respect to whether it breached this Agreement or any monetary penalty
imposed for a breach of this agreement.
Monetary Penalties & Payments
22. ITT agrees to pay a total monetary penalty of one hundred million dollars
($100,000,000.00) as set forth below.
a. Criminal Fine (Plea Agreement) - ITT agrees to pay two million dollars
($2,000,000.00) to the United States Treasury as set forth in
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paragraph seven (7) of the Plea Agreement.
b. Forfeiture of Proceeds - ITT agrees to forfeit to the United States
twenty eight million dollars ($28,000,000.00) as a consequence of its
guilty plea to Counts One and Two of the Information as set forth in
paragraph nine (9) of the Plea Agreement. Since it is not possible to
specifically quantify what proceeds ITT has received as a result of
the actions for which it will enter a plea of guilty, ITT agrees that
for the purposes of this Agreement and the Plea Agreement, the amount
referenced in this subparagraph will be considered proceeds of illegal
actions and will be forfeited to the United States.
c. Department of State Monetary Payment - Pursuant to a separate and
independent consent agreement ITT will enter into with the United
States Department of State, that ITT agrees to pay twenty million
dollars ($20,000,000.00) as directed by the United States Department
of State.
d. Deferred Prosecution Monetary Penalty - ITT agrees to a deferred
prosecution monetary penalty of fifty million dollars
($50,000,000.00). The United States agrees to suspend the payment of
the fifty million dollar ($50,000,000.00) deferred prosecution
monetary penalty for a period of sixty (60) months from the date of
the Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion. During the sixty
(60) month suspension period, ITT may reduce on a dollar-for-dollar
basis the amount of the fifty million dollar ($50,000,000.00) deferred
prosecution monetary penalty, by up to fifty million dollars
($50,000,000.00), for monies spent to accelerate and further the
development and fielding of the most advanced night vision technology
so that the members of the United States Armed Forces can maintain
their battlefield advantage of having the most capable night vision
equipment in the world. ITT agrees that credit against the fifty
million dollar ($50,000,000.00) deferred prosecution monetary penalty
shall be given for monies spent in consultation with and with the
prior agreement of the United States Army Research, Development &
Engineering Command, Night Vision Electronic Sensors Directorate
("NVESD"). ITT agrees to provide regular reports to an Army Official
to be designated by NVESD, in a manner to be prescribed by NVESD, so
as to provide the Army with visibility into technical developments
that result from ITT's efforts
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pursuant to this paragraph. The Government shall have "Government Purpose
Rights" as defined by DFARS ss. 252.227-7013, in any computer software
produced, or partially produced, and in any technical data related to any
item, component, or process developed, or partially developed, in
connection with this paragraph. Such computer software and/or technical
data shall be deliverable upon NVESD's request at no cost. ITT further
agrees to provide the United States and NVESD annual reports detailing the
monies spent and the progress made toward accelerating and furthering the
development and fielding of the most advanced night vision technology to
the members of the United States Armed Forces.
General Provisions
23. ITT understands that this Agreement is binding on ITT, the United States
Department of Justice, National Security Division and the United States
Attorneys' Office for the Western District of Virginia. ITT acknowledges
that nothing in this Agreement limits the rights of any department or
agency of the United States government to seek and take civil or
administrative action against ITT, including but not limited to any action
relating to suspension, debarment or listing. If requested by ITT or its
attorneys, the United States will bring the cooperation of ITT and its
compliance with its other obligations under this Agreement to the attention
of other government departments or agencies. Furthermore, nothing in this
Agreement restricts in any way the ability of the United States from
proceeding against any individuals. It is the intent of the parties to this
Agreement that the Agreement does not confer or provide any benefits,
privileges or rights to any individual or other entity other than the
parties hereto.
24. ITT agrees that if it sells or merges any of its business operations that
deal with classified information, documents or equipment or export
controlled items during the Deferral Period, it shall include in any
contract for sale or merger a provision binding the purchaser/successor to
the obligations described in this Agreement.
25. ITT and the United States agree that, upon the filing of the Information in
accordance with Paragraph 1. of this Agreement, this Agreement and all
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attachments or appendices shall be filed publicly in the United States
District Court for the Western District of Virginia, Roanoke Division.
26. This Agreement sets forth all of the terms of the Deferred Prosecution
Agreement between ITT and the United States. No modifications or additions
to this Agreement shall be valid unless they are in writing and signed by
the United States and a duly authorized representative of ITT.
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ON BEHALF OF THE UNITED STATES
United States Attorney's Office
Western District of Virginia
/s/ John L. Brownlee 3-26-2007
- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
John L. Brownlee Date
United States Attorney
/s/ Stephen J. Pfleger 3-26-2007
- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Assistant United States Attorney Date
United States Department of Justice
National Security Division
/s/ Kenneth Wainstein 3-22-2007
- ------------------------------------------ --------------------------
Kenneth Wainstein Date
Assistant Attorney General
ON BEHALF OF ITT CORPORATION
/s/ Steven R. Loranger 3/26/2007
- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Steven R. Loranger Date
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
ITT Corporation
/s/ Vincent A. Maffeo, Esq. 3/26/2007
- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Vincent A. Maffeo, Esq. Date
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
ITT Corporation
REVIEWED AND APPROVED:
/s/ Richard Cullen 3/27/2007
- ------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Richard Cullen, Esq. Date
McGuire Woods LLP
Attorneys for ITT Corporation
/s/ Howard C. Vick, Jr., Esq. 3/26/2007
- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Howard C. Vick, Jr., Esq. Date
McGuire Woods LLP
Attorneys for ITT Corporation
STATEMENT OF FACTS
APPENDIX A
Investigation Background
The government's criminal investigation began on August 1, 2001, when
Special Agents of the United States Department of Defense, Defense Criminal
Investigative Service (hereinafter "DCIS") were made aware that a classified
government document designated "Secret" "NOFORN" had been illegally sent to an
unauthorized facility in the United Kingdom by employees of ITT Night Vision
(hereinafter "ITT NV"), a division of ITT Corporation (hereinafter "ITT"),
located in Roanoke, VA. Pursuant to a referral from the DCIS and United States
Customs in 2002, the United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia
assigned a federal prosecutor to the criminal investigation. During the course
of the criminal investigation, the government uncovered a pattern of violations
of the export laws of the United States spanning from the 1980s to 2006 at ITT
NV. The main violations of the law revealed by the government's criminal
investigation are set forth in the following five sections of this statement of
facts: (1) ITT NV Export Compliance Background; (2) False & Misleading
Statements Relating to Foreign Consignments; (3) Export Violations Relating to a
Singapore Company; (4) Illegal Export of U.S. Classified Information & Export
Violations Relating to the Light Interference Filter; and (5)Export Violations
Relating to the Enhanced Night Vision Goggle System.
1. ITT Night Vision Export Compliance Background
ITT NV has produced night vision equipment for the U.S. military for more
than thirty years. Throughout that time period, ITT NV has been awarded many
millions of dollars by the U.S. Government pursuant to contracts to develop and
produce new night vision equipment requested by the U.S. Military. In developing
night vision equipment, ITT NV engineers and scientists worked with U.S.
government engineers and scientists. The night vision equipment that resulted
from these joint collaborative efforts between ITT NV and U.S. government
personnel is critical to the war-fighting capabilities of the United States and
is extremely sensitive and highly sought after by both enemies and allies of the
United States.
In recognition of the sensitivity of U.S. military night vision equipment
and technology, the export of defense articles to foreign persons including,
technical data,
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drawings, specifications, services, and equipment related to U.S. Military night
vision systems is restricted by the U.S. Department of State pursuant to the
Arms Export Control Act and its implementing regulations, the International
Traffic in Arms Regulations (hereinafter "ITAR"). The willful failure to obey
the provisions of the ITAR is a criminal offense (22 U.S.C. ss. 2778). Some of
the technical documents and information related to U.S. military night vision
equipment are so sensitive and potentially damaging to the United States if they
should fall into the wrong hands that they are protected as classified
information. The willful or grossly negligent transfer of these classified
documents to a person not authorized or cleared to receive them is also a
criminal offense (18 U.S.C. ss.ss. 793(d), 793(f)).
While ITT NV was aware of the requirements of the law including the
provisions of the ITAR, ITT failed to establish a system to ensure compliance
with the export laws of the United States. In fact, throughout the 1980s and
1990s ITT NV employees who attempted to enforce compliance with the ITAR
regulations were viewed by some ITT NV managers as obstacles to getting business
done. The lack of support from some ITT NV managers was so severe that one ITT
NV employee who insisted on following the export laws felt it necessary to
inform her direct manager (Manager A) that she would not ever break the law,
falsify documents or knowingly break United States Government Regulations and
that she was at ITT NV to do a job to the best of her ability and make a life
for herself and her family and not to go to jail for anyone including ITT NV.
Her concern that Manager A might instruct her to break the law was not without a
firm basis in reality.
For example, in November 1998 an ITT NV employee was asked by Manager A to
send sensitive export controlled night vision equipment to a foreign customer.
In response, the ITT NV employee explained that she could not legally do so
since ITT NV did not have an export license authorizing the permanent transfer
of this equipment to this customer. She went on to state that she was willing to
apply for an export license from the U.S. Department of State. When Manager A
responded that the U.S. Department of State would never approve the license, the
employee agreed given the sensitive nature of the night vision equipment in
question. Despite the clear understanding that ITT NV did not have a license for
the transfer and that the U.S. Department of State would not approve the
transfer, the manager ordered the employee to make the illegal transfer anyway.
In protest of the order, the employee wrote on the shipment paperwork that she
had been directed to transfer the night vision equipment over her objections.
The employee felt so bad about what she had
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done that she later confronted Manager A and told him that she would never break
the law again and that he could fire her if he wanted.
In the hope that she might receive some support from higher level
management above the level of ITT NV, the employee informed appropriate
personnel at ITT Defense about the whole affair.(1) Instead of firing or
disciplining the Manager who ordered the illegal shipment, ITT Defense
management placed Manager A into a position where he was designated as the ITT
NV official responsible for ensuring that the ITAR regulations that he had so
blatantly violated were enforced. In addition, neither ITT NV nor ITT Defense
informed anyone in the government about the illegal transfer of highly sensitive
export controlled night vision equipment. Only through the course of this
criminal investigation did the government eventually learn about the illegal
transfer.
2. False & Misleading Statements Relating to Export Consignments
As a regular part of its foreign business practices ITT NV temporarily
loaned or consigned various export controlled night vision equipment to foreign
customers for evaluation and testing. In order to consign export controlled
night vision equipment to a foreign person, ITT NV was required to obtain a
temporary export license from the Department of State, Office of Defense Trade
Controls licensing, authorizing each temporary foreign consignment. Each export
license for the temporary foreign consignments required that ITT NV ensure that
the consigned night vision equipment was returned from the foreign consignee to
ITT NV in the United States before the expiration of the four year license
period. Throughout the 1990's ITT NV failed to ensure that a large amount of
sensitive night vision equipment was returned prior to the expiration of the
applicable four year license period. As a direct result of ITT NV's failure to
comply with the requirements of the temporary export licenses, ITT lost track of
numerous pieces of state-of- the-art night vision equipment. Many of these
pieces of night vision equipment were unable to be recovered and remain missing.
On April 13, 2000, an outside law firm, on behalf of ITT NV, sent a
_________________
(1) ITT Corporation is made up of a series of management groups. One of
these management groups is ITT Defense. ITT Defense oversees a number of profit
centers, including ITT Night Vision in Roanoke, VA.
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"Preliminary Notification of Voluntary Disclosure" (hereinafter "Preliminary
Disclosure") to the Acting Director of the Compliance Analysis Division, Office
of Defense Trade Controls (ODTC), U.S. Department of State. In the letter the
outside attorneys wrote in relevant part:
The Company [ITT NV] recently discovered apparent violations of the ITAR
that involve ITT's loans and consignments of night vision equipment to
foreign persons. Although ITT properly exported these items under temporary
export licenses, in some instances, the Company failed to ensure the return
of the equipment within the validity period of the applicable temporary
export license. Presently, the Company is investigating the details of this
apparent violation of the ITAR, and intends to provide a comprehensive
voluntary disclosure, as well as a description of mitigating factors and
corrective actions, upon conclusion of its internal investigation (emphasis
added).
A copy of this letter was also sent to corporate counsel for ITT Defense.
As promised in the Preliminary Disclosure, a second letter providing a
"disclosure, as well as a description of mitigating factors and corrective
actions" was sent to the U.S. Department of State by the same outside attorneys
on behalf of ITT NV on May 19,2000 (hereinafter "Final Disclosure"). In
addressing the "Mitigating Factors" the outside attorneys wrote that `[u]pon
realizing that it had a compliance issue with respect to these temporary
exports, ITT took corrective action described below (emphasis added)." In the
"Corrective Action" section of the Final Disclosure Letter the outside attorneys
wrote that "ITT has taken the following corrective actions."
First, the Company attempted in good faith to contact each consignee
to learn the whereabouts of the items. While the Company was unable to
contact every consignee (because some have gone out of business), for those
with whom ITT was able to make contact, ITT worked with the consignee to
determine the whereabouts of the products, and for those for which the
whereabouts could be determined, to secure the product until it can be
returned to ITT under ODTC authorization.
4
Second, the Company has counseled each of the individuals involved in
the handling of the night vision equipment who are still employed by ITT
about their export compliance responsibilities with respect to Company
items.
Third, the Company has issued additional guidance to all personnel
involved in temporary exports, about the requirements for ensuring the
timely return of these articles once they are sent out under a valid DSP-73
license. This guidance emphasizes continued responsibilities associated
with temporary exports so that Company products are effectively monitored.
Finally, the Company has hired a new manager with oversight over these
issues and has overhauled its processes and procedures relating to the
controls and tracking of temporary exports such as the night vision
equipment. ITT has established centralized and automated processes and
procedures for monitoring these exports with specific personnel in
positions of accountability. These new processes, procedures and clearer
responsibilities for personnel will ensure that similar issues do not
recur.
Attached to the Final Disclosure was a certification signed by an ITT NV manager
who was designated as a person authorized by ITT NV to sign for ITT NV, stating
that "all of the representations made in connection with the voluntary
disclosure are true and correct to the best of the Company's knowledge and
belief." A chart listing the lost night vision equipment and the "Recovery
status" of the equipment was also attached.
The combination of the April 13, 2000 Preliminary Disclosure and the May
19, 2000 Final Disclosure was intended by the outside attorneys and counsel for
ITT Defense to create the impression in the minds of the decision makers within
the U.S. Department of State that ITT "recently discovered" that it had violated
the terms of a number of temporary export licenses and that "[u]pon realizing
that it had a compliance issue with respect to these temporary exports," ITT NV
immediately addressed the issue and did all it could to mitigate the violations
and make sure that the problem was addressed. The impression of recent discovery
followed by swift corrective action was subsequently re-enforced by ITT NV's
repeated references to
5
the two disclosure letters in ongoing correspondence and negotiations with the
U.S. Department of State.
Ultimately the U.S. Department of State elected, in part in reliance on the
impressions created by the disclosure letters, not to refer the ITT NV
consignment issue to the U.S. Department of Justice for investigation. Instead,
the U.S. Department of State allowed ITT to combine the consignment violations
with two other sets of serious export compliance violations into a single civil
consent agreement that was executed on October 25, 2004. While under the terms
of the consent agreement ITT was required to pay an eight million dollar
monetary penalty, ITT did not have to admit any wrongdoing and avoided the major
impact of a prospective debarment from obtaining future export licenses from the
U.S. Department of State.(2) In addition, ITT obtained the agreement of the U.S.
Department of State that ITT "has disclosed voluntarily all information
concerning the facts and circumstances of the alleged violations to the
Department and has fully cooperated with the Department." The reality, however,
was just the opposite. As the government's subsequent investigation would
establish, counsel for ITT Defense and the outside attorneys intentionally
withheld material facts, information and circumstances about the consignment
violations from the U.S. Department of State in an effort to limit the potential
penalties and consequences that might be imposed by the government.
The provisions of the ITAR encourage the voluntary self-disclosure of
violations. The ITAR specifically states that:
"The Department [of State] strongly encourages the disclosure of
information to the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls by persons, firms
or any organization that believe they may have violated any export control
provision of the Arms Export Control Act, or any regulation, order,
license, or other authorization issued under the authority of the Arms
Export Control Act. Voluntary self-disclosure may be considered a
mitigating factor in determining the administrative penalties, if any,
____________________
(2) Pursuant to the ITAR, the U.S. Department of State has the ability to
prohibit or "bar" a company "from participating directly or indirectly in the
export of defense articles." An administrative bar may be put in place where the
violation(s) committed by the company reasonably demonstrates that the company
cannot be relied upon to follow the rules in the future. A company must be
barred where it has been convicted of certain specified criminal offenses.
6
that should be imposed by the Department [of State]. Failure to report such
violation(s) may result in circumstances detrimental to U.S. national
security and foreign policy interests and will be an adverse factor in
determining the appropriate disposition of such violations."
By stating that ITT NV "recently discovered" the consignment violations in the
Preliminary Disclosure, the outside attorneys and counsel for ITT Defense
created the impression that ITT NV had complied with the provisions of the ITAR
by reporting the consignment license violations near the time of their
discovery.(3)
During the course of the government's criminal investigation into ITT NV's
export compliance violations, however, the government learned that not only had
ITT NV not discovered the consignment license violations near the time of the
April 13, 2000 Preliminary Disclosure, but that a number of ITT NV employees and
managers were actually aware of some of the consignment license violations since
at least the mid-1990's. In fact, by March 17, 1998, more than two years before
the submission of the April 13, 2000 Preliminary Disclosure, an extensive and
detailed list of "PAST DUE CONSIGNMENT EQUIPMENT" had already been compiled and
circulated to at least twenty seven ITT NV managers and employees from most of
the major departments within ITT NV. A second memorandum dated April 28, 1998
containing a list of thirty five specific consignments of night vision equipment
that had not been returned prior to the expiration of their temporary export
license was also widely circulated within ITT NV. Some of the consignment
licenses listed in this memorandum had expired as far back as November 1990.
The government also learned that ITT NV managers and counsel for ITT
Defense were discussing the issue of whether and when to disclose the
consignment license violations to the government as far back as at least the
summer of 1999. Despite the knowledge that the ITAR states that, "Any person or
firm wanting to disclose information that constitutes a voluntary
self-disclosure should ... initially notify the Directorate of Defense Trade
Controls as soon as possible after violation(s) are discovered and then conduct
a thorough review of all export related transactions where violation(s) are
suspected," the evidence obtained by the government established that the outside
attorneys and counsel for ITT Defense intentionally
___________________
(3) Webster's Dictionary defines "recent" as something "happening at a time
just before the present."
7
delayed the disclosure of the violations until they had completed their
investigation.
The government further discovered during its investigation that counsel for
ITT Defense was specifically informed during a meeting in March of 2000 that ITT
NV employees were aware of the consignment license violations at least as early
as March 17, 1998. Despite being in possession of this information, counsel for
ITT Defense did not correct the false statement in the April 13, 2000
Preliminary Disclosure that ITT "recently discovered" the consignment licensing
violations.
During a subsequent meeting on April 17, 2000, to review a draft of the
Final Disclosure dated April 14, 2000, counsel for ITT Defense, as well as the
outside attorneys who were writing the disclosures, were specifically informed
that ITT NV was aware of the consignment license violations since at least March
17, 1998. Only after ITT Defense's top export compliance manager argued that
stating that ITT NV "recently discovered" the consignment license violations was
false and misleading were the words "recently discovered" removed from the draft
Final Disclosure Letter. Despite the fact that by April 17, 2000 the outside
attorneys and counsel for ITT Defense knew that the "recently discovered"
language that they used in their April 13, 2000 Preliminary Disclosure was false
and misleading, no effort was ever made to inform the government that the use of
the "recently discovered" language in the Preliminary Disclosure was false and
misleading. In fact, the outside attorneys and counsel for ITT Defense
specifically argued against telling the government about the March 17, 1998
discovery date. Even when ITT Defense's top export compliance manager argued
that it was a material omission not to inform the government of the March
17,1998 discovery date, the evidence obtained by the government established that
the outside attorneys continued to argue that ITT should not raise the issue
since "no matter how you slice it" the failure to disclose the consignment
license violations for years after the discovery of the violations would make
ITT look really "sloppy." ITT never disclosed the March 17, 1998 discovery date
to the U.S. Department of State nor the fact that the "recently discovered"
language in the Preliminary Disclosure was false and misleading.
The government's criminal investigation also revealed that ITT's statement
in the Final Disclosure Letter that "[u]pon realizing that it had a compliance
issue with respect to these temporary exports, ITT took corrective action"
described in the corrective action section of the Final Disclosure was false and
misleading. In fact, few, if any, of the corrective actions set forth in the
Final Disclosure letter took place
8
at the time ITT realized that it had a "compliance issue with respect to these
temporary exports" in the mid- 1990's or even by the March 17, 1998 memorandum
listing the "PAST DUE CONSIGNMENT EQUIPMENT." Despite the fact that many people
at ITT NV were aware of the consignment license violations by at least March 17,
1998, virtually no significant corrective action was undertaken until the summer
of 1999. In the summer of 1999 a small group of ITT NV employees were given the
task of attempting to find and recover the missing night vision equipment. These
employees were hampered in their recovery efforts, however, by a lack of
meaningful resources and support. All the other "corrective actions" listed in
the Final Disclosure Letter did not take place, if they took place at all, until
very near the time of the filing of the disclosure letters in April-May 2000.
For example, the Export License Manager referred to in the Final Disclosure
Letter as part of the solution to "ensure that similar issues do not recur" was
not hired until May 2000. Even when he was hired he was given virtually no
resources to accomplish the mission of export compliance. In fact, the one
requirement that he insisted upon when he was hired was that he report directly
to the ITT NV General Manager so that he could bring his concerns directly to
someone who had the power to make changes and provide the required resources.
Not long after he started reporting in writing a wide variety of serious export
compliance problems, however, the Export License Manager was informed that he
would no longer report to the ITT NV General Manager. Shortly thereafter, on
June 27, 2000, the Export License Manager submitted a written resignation. In
his resignation letter, the Export License Manager wrote, in part:
I wanted to work with Night Vision as I thought that I could make a
difference and help the company. After seven weeks, it has become
apparent that this is not the case. I knew when accepting the job that
Night Vision had many problems, but as things have now turned out the
problems are greater than anyone could imagine.
Finally, the government also learned during its criminal investigation that
ITT Night Vision presented false and misleading information in the chart of
"Non- Recoverable, Consigned Equipment" (the chart) that was attached to the
Final Disclosure. When an ITT NV manager submitted the chart to the outside
attorneys and counsel for ITT Defense, the chart contained an entry that
explained that one set of night vision goggles was not recoverable because
"[w]hen shown to the Minister of Defense he took it as a gift." When the Final
Disclosure Letter was submitted to the U.S. Department of State the chart
referred to the same set of night vision goggles as "unrecoverable" without any
explanation that these goggles had been taken by a high level minister of a
foreign government. ITT's representation that the goggle was not recoverable was
false and misleading since no effort was ever made to recover this night vision
goggle from the Minister of Defense for fear of offending a significant
potential customer.
3. Export Violations Relating to a Singapore Company
Since the 1980's ITT NV has purchased almost all of its night vision
optical assemblies for use in U.S. military night vision devises from a company
located in Singapore (hereinafter "Singapore Company"). Throughout the course of
the relationship, ITT NV worked collaboratively with the Singapore Company on a
wide variety of different optical designs for U.S. military night vision
devises. In specific, ITT NV routinely provided export controlled technical
specifications and drawings for U.S. military night vision devises to the
Singapore Company. The Singapore Company in turn took ITT NV's export controlled
specifications and drawings and worked together with ITT NV engineers on the
optical and related mechanical designs for these U.S. military night vision
devises. After the production and testing of the prototype optical assemblies,
ITT NV purchased the finished optical assemblies for the U.S. military night
vision devices from the Singapore Company.
A. Pre-September 2000 Export Violations
Despite knowing that the transfer of export controlled technical data
including specifications and drawings was illegal without a specific export
license issued by the U.S. Department of State, ITT failed to obtain any export
license authorizing the transfer of technical data from ITT NV to the Singapore
Company until October 24, 1994. Between October 24, 1994 and April 2, 1999, ITT
NV submitted applications for and obtained three limited export licenses (DSP-5
License for Permanent Export of Unclassified Technical Data) permitting the
transfer of a list of specifically identified export controlled drawings. In
submitting the applications for these licenses, ITT violated the law by falsely
claiming that the shipment of the drawings listed in the licenses was a
"completely new shipment" when in fact ITT NV had illegally transferred many of
the same drawings to the Singapore Company before the license applications were
even submitted.
10
Even after ITT NV obtained the three specific export licenses, ITT NV
continued to violate the law by transferring to the Singapore Company export
controlled technical data not covered by the limited export licenses. In
addition, ITT NV violated the restrictions and provisos placed upon the licenses
by the U.S. Department of State. For example, the licenses limited the exports
to "build to print" technical data. Pursuant to the ITAR,
"build to print means producing an end item (i.e. system, sub-system
or component) from technical drawings and specifications (which
contain no process or know-how information) without the need for
additional technical assistance. Build-to-print does not include the
release of any information which discloses design methodology,
engineering analysis, detailed process information or manufacturing
know-how."
As discussed above, throughout the relationship between ITT NV and the Singapore
Company the two companies worked collaboratively to design and manufacture night
vision optical assemblies. The nature of the relationship between the companies
exceeded the limited "build-to-print" relationship that was authorized by the
licenses. Two of the Export licenses also required ITT NV to execute purchase
orders with the Singapore Company that contained detailed and specific
limitations regarding what the Singapore Company could and could not do with the
sensitive documents transferred under the export licenses prior to procuring any
product from the Singapore Company. A copy of each of the purchase orders
containing the specified limitations was also required to be filed with the U.S.
Department of State prior to the procurement of any product from the Singapore
Company. Despite the fact that ITT NV procured tens of millions of dollars of
products from the Singapore Company during the time when the licenses were in
effect, ITT NV failed to include the required statements of limitations in any
of their purchase orders from the Singapore Company and ITT NV failed to file
any of the purchase orders with the U.S. Department of State as required.
By the early part of 2000, a number of ITT NV employees and managers were
aware that ITT NV was violating the ITAR by exporting controlled documents,
services and information to the Singapore Company without a license and by
violating the limitations of the export licenses that had been obtained. In the
face of the impending disclosure of the ITAR consignment license violations to
the U.S. Department of State (discussed above in Section 2), ITT NV decided that
ITT NV
11
should seek approval from the U.S. Department of State for a Technical
Assistance Agreement (hereinafter "TAA") that would allow ITT NV to share
certain specifically identified export controlled technical data and services
with the Singapore Company. In March of 2000 an ITT NV employee was given the
task of preparing a draft ITT NV/Singapore TAA for submission to the U.S.
Department of State. When this ITT NV employee asked the ITT NV manager
(hereinafter "Manager B") who was the main ITT NV contact with the Singapore
Company, why they were only now applying for a TAA after twenty years of dealing
with the Singapore Company, Manager B stated that it was because of "the recent
heightened controls." Manager B went on to state that while there had been "some
specific licenses in the past for specific drawings," "for any updates or
apparently continuing interchange of information, there has been nothing in
place and the licenses have not been updated." Manager B also indicated that
"there had been specific requirements on the previous licenses ... that had not
been followed."
After learning this information, the ITT NV employee alerted higher level
ITT personnel at ITT Defense, including counsel for ITT Defense. Despite the ITT
NV employee's alert about the export violations involving the Singapore Company,
legal counsel for ITT defense decided that ITT was "not in a position to make a
disclosure about this issue" given the fact that ITT was about to disclose
numerous ITAR consignment license violations. ITT elected not to inform the U.S.
Department of State of the export violations involving the Singapore Company. In
fact, it was not until 2004 when ITT was preparing to reveal a series of export
violations relating to the ITT NV/Singapore Company TAA that ITT gave the
government a hint of the export violations involving the Singapore Company
discussed above. The full extent of the export violations was only revealed
during the government's criminal investigation.
B. Post-September 2000 Export Violations
In order to ensure that the U.S. Department of State has an unambiguous
understanding of what a party applying for a TAA wishes to export, the ITAR
specifically requires that a TAA provide information "in terms which are as
precise as possible" and that all defense articles, including technical data
(drawings, specifications, etc.) to be exported be "described by military
nomenclature, contract number, National Stock number, nameplate data, or other
specific information."
12
To further ensure that the U.S. Department of State has a clear
understanding of what a party applying for a TAA wishes to export, the ITAR also
requires that an applicant make a statement in the transmittal letter
accompanying the TAA "identifying the U.S. Government contract under which the
equipment or technical data was generated, improved, or developed and supplied
to the U.S. Government, and whether the equipment or technical data was derived
from any bid or other proposal to the U.S. Government."
In preparing a draft of the TAA, ITT NV employees put together an Annex
("TAA Annex") to be attached to the TAA that contained a list of specific
drawings and specification numbers for the documents they wished to export to
the Singapore Company pursuant to the anticipated TAA. Significant efforts were
made to ensure that the TAA Annex was as complete as possible since the ITT NV
employees and manager involved in the drafting of the TAA Annex understood that
only documents specifically listed in the application and updates/revisions to
the listed documents would be able to be exported pursuant to the TAA if it was
approved as submitted. ITT NV also reassured the government in the first
paragraph of the TAA that the technical data that would be sent to the Singapore
Company pursuant to the TAA would be limited to the documents specifically
listed in the TAA by identifying the "PRODUCTS" that the TAA was to cover by
general name and by instructing the reader to "[s]ee Annex I for these items and
associated part numbers." A copy of each of the specifically identified drawings
and specifications listed in the TAA Annex was also attached to the TAA for
review when it was submitted to the U.S. Department of State for approval on May
10,2000.
ITT NV also made it clear that the documents that would be transferred to
the Singapore Company pursuant to the TAA were limited to specific night vision
systems. At the time of the drafting of the TAA the PVS/7, the PVS/14 and the
ANVIS night vision systems constituted the bulk of the business between ITT NV
and the Singapore Company. All of the documents listed in the TAA Annex related
to these three night vision systems. The understanding that the TAA was limited
to these three systems was specifically asserted in the TAA transmittal letter
when ITT NV, in compliance with the dictates of the ITAR, specifically
identified the government contract for the purchase of these night vision
systems as the production contract under which the technical data to be
transferred to the Singapore Company was "generated." ITT NV did not mention any
other government contract or bid proposal.
Finally, in the TAA Annex, ITT NV further made clear that it was requesting
permission for a limited "build-to-print" type of the relationship with the
Singapore Company. The TAA Annex specifically stated:
During the performance of this TAA, ITT will provide ... [the
Singapore Company] with mechanical dimensions and optical performance
data only. No manufacturing or process data will be provided to ...
[the Singapore Company] under the TAA. [the Singapore Company] ...
will utilize their existing manufacturing capability to manufacture
optical lenses and systems to meet the ITT mechanical, performance and
dimensional drawings and technical data provided to ... [the Singapore
Company] under the agreement.
After reviewing the ITT NV/Singapore Company TAA request, the U.S.
Department of State approved the TAA in a letter dated September 11, 2000
(approval limitation letter). The approval limitation letter set forth a series
of very restrictive limiting provisos. Among the more restrictive provisos
imposed were provisos 5,6 and 7, which provided:
Proviso 5. Shipment of hardware against this agreement under
the provisions of ... [the ITAR exceptions] or by
separate license (i.e. DSP-5) is not authorized.
Hardware shipment may take place only after the
Department of State approves an amendment to the
agreement.
Proviso 6. Manufacturing technology, systems optimization/
integration know-how, or design know-how must not
be released or offered.
Proviso17. Production not authorized without an approved
manufacturing license agreement.
The U.S. Department of State specifically added these restrictive provisos in an
attempt to limit what ITT NV could do under the TAA because of the sensitive
night vision lens technology involved and in recognition that Singapore was a
well known conduit for military technology being channeled to the Peoples'
Republic of China, a prohibited destination. The expectation of the U.S.
Department of State was that
14
ITTNV would share the documents listed in the TAA Annex, explore the possibility
of a limited relationship, and then come back to the U.S. State Department for
additional approvals if ITT NV wished to do any of the activities forbidden
under provisos 5, 6, and 7.
After receiving the U.S. Department of State approval limitation letter, an
ITT NV Manager signed the TAA on behalf of ITT on September 18, 2000. Once he
received a copy of the signed TAA and the approval/limitation letter, the
Managing Director of the Singapore Company also signed the TAA on September 22,
2000. With the approval limitation letter in place and the signatures of both
parties, the TAA became effective on September 22, 2000.
Despite the limitations within the TAA and the restrictions placed on the
TAA discussed above, ITT NV ignored these limitations and restrictions. ITT NV
continued to export controlled drawings and specifications to the Singapore
Company that were not covered by the TAA or any export license. ITT NV also
continued to engage in a collaborative design relationship that far exceeded
that which was authorized by the TAA. ITT NV also violated the TAA provisos by
shipping hardware to the Singapore Company and by producing millions of dollars
of product without authority. In a letter dated December 19, 2003, ITT
eventually admitted to the U.S. Department of State that it had been in
production for years with the Singapore Company in violation of Proviso 7 of the
TAA. The letter went on to state that unless Proviso 7 was lifted, ITT would not
be able to supply night vision goggles to the military. In recognition of the
military's need for night vision equipment during an ongoing war, the U.S.
Department of State lifted Proviso 7, but reasserted all other limitations and
provisos.
4. Illegal Export of U.S. Classified Information & Export Violations Relating
to the Light Interference Filter
A. Background
As stated above, night vision technology is critical to the U.S. military's
war fighting capabilities. Having the most capable night visions systems gives
United States service members a critical battlefield advantage over the enemies
of the United States. In order to preserve this advantage, the U.S. military
pays close attention to weapons that might damage, degrade or destroy night
vision equipment on the
15
battlefield. One of the battlefield threats to night vision equipment is laser
weapons. Certain laser weapons are capable of damaging, degrading or destroying
night vision equipment. In order to prevent damage or destruction that could
leave a pilot or soldier night blind at a critical moment, the U.S. military has
developed laser countermeasures. One of these countermeasures is an optical
addition to night vision equipment called a light interference filter
(hereinafter "LIF"). The LIF is composed of an underlying glass lens
(hereinafter "substrate lens") coated with a series of specialized coatings that
is mounted in a metal housing.
Because of the critical nature of the LIF and the sensitivity of the
technology involved, the government classified certain portions of the written
specification for the LIF as "Secret." The classified LIF specification is so
sensitive that it is not only classified as "Secret" but pursuant to the March
7, 2000 "Security Classification Guide for Laser Protection Material," it was
also given the special designation "NOFORN." The "NOFORN" designation means that
the classified LIF specification cannot be shared with any foreign country, even
the closest military allies of the United States. In addition to the classified
LIF specification, all LIF drawings are export controlled and may not be
exported without a license issued by the U.S. Department of State.
Even if the classified LIF specification did not carry a "No Foreign"
designation that prevented its export to any foreign country, obtaining the
necessary verification of clearance and proper government authorizations for an
export of classified material is a lengthy and detailed process. This lengthy
and detailed process is necessary to prevent the damage to national security
that will likely occur from a disclosure to an unauthorized or uncleared foreign
person or entity. The specific requirements of the National Industrial Security
Program Operating Manuel (hereinafter "NISPOM") and the ITAR must be followed.
At a minimum, the following basic steps must be taken prior to the export of any
classified document to a foreign person or entity:
1. Contact the U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Security Service
Industrial Security Representative (hereinafter "DSS ISR") and inform
him/her of the desire to export classified material.
2. Verify with the DSS ISR the proper procedures to follow.
16
3. Review the most up to date Security Classification Guide (hereinafter
"DD 254") for the classified material in order to verify the level of
classification and to determine if there are any special limitations.
4. Contact the Government Contracting Activity (hereinafter "GCA") to
obtain the agreement and approval of the GCA to export the classified
material to the proposed foreign recipient.
5. Contact the Cognizant Security Agency (hereinafter "CSA") "at the
earliest possible stage in deliberations that will lead to the
international transfer of classified material." Obtain the agreement
and written approval of the CSA to export the classified material to
the proposed foreign recipient.
6. Contact the Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office (hereinafter
"DISCO") to obtain written verification that the intended foreign
recipient has the proper clearance, classified storage capability, and
classified handling procedures in place.
7. Submit an application to export classified data to the U.S. Department
of State, Office of Defense Trade Controls (hereinafter "ODTC"), for
approval. Obtain written approval and limitations from the ODTC.
8. Prepare written transmission instructions for the export of the
classified materials. Submit the transmission instructions to the CSA
for approval.
9. Coordinate with the CSA the identification of the designated
government representative (hereinafter "DGR") for the U.S. and the DGR
for the government of the country of the intended foreign recipient
who will carry out the required government-to-government transfer of
the classified materials.
10. Prepare the necessary paperwork and packaging for visual review and
verification by the United States DGR prior to export.
If the proceeding steps have been carried out and all necessary coordination,
verifications and authorizations have been obtained, a foreign shipment of
classified
17
information may only take place through government-to-government channels.
Throughout the entire government-to-government export process, a continuous
chain of receipts reflecting all transfers must be meticulously maintained.
B. Illegal Export of Controlled LIF Drawings
In 1999 the LIFs for ITT NV's equipment were manufactured by an American
company located in California (California Company), under a sub-contract with
ITT NV. In an effort to reduce its costs, an ITT NV Manager B applied pressure
to the California Company to lower the price of the LIF. In response, the
California Company explored the possibility of using a company located in the
People's Republic of China to manufacture the substrate lens for the LIF. On
July 23, 1999, the California Company applied for an export license to send the
drawing for the LIF substrate lens to a company located in Shanghai, People's
Republic of China. The California Company's license request was rejected on
August 16, 1999 by the U.S. Department of State for reasons of "National
Security" since "China is a prohibited destination pursuant to International
Traffic in Arms Regulations." On February 17, 2000, an employee of the
California Company, sent Manager B an e-mail stating that one of the main
reasons that the California Company was having problems meeting their "target
price" was that the California Company had been denied the right to manufacture
the LIF substrate lens "off-shore." The license application and the U.S.
Department of State letter denying the California Company's request to
manufacture the LIF substrate lens in the People's Republic of China were faxed
to Manager B on February 24, 2000.
Manager B subsequently recommended that the California Company explore
using the Singapore Company to manufacture the LIF substrate lens. In response,
a California Company employee sent an e-mail to the Singapore Company to obtain
a price quote from the Singapore Company. Not realizing that the request had
originated with ITT NV, the Singapore Company declined to provide a quote for
the manufacture of the LIF substrate lens because their "capacity" was "fully
over loaded." After being notified that the Singapore Company declined to
provide a quote, the Manager B sent the following e-mail to a high level manager
at the Singapore Company on February 28, 2000:
Dear [],
I have asked for improved pricing from [California Company] on our
18
(government classified) Light Interference (sic) Filter (LIF). They said
they would need to source the blank glass off shore and did not know a
source. I suggested that [the Singapore Company] would be a good source for
about 5000 pieces per month of the below glass. I was both surprised and
disappointed to see that you were to busy to take on more business!? I
thought that this was something that would be good for you in either
Singapore or in one of your other facilities (China). Is there some other
reason for your decision? I would have offered [the Singapore Company] the
opportunity to quote the whole LIF assembly but, because the coating is US
Government Classified it can not go off-shore. Please review this and let
me know. (emphasis added)
The Singapore Company immediately responded that since this was really a project
for ITT NV they could "take on more job." The Singapore Company subsequently
provide the California Company with a favorable quote for the manufacture of the
LIF substrate lens.
Despite receiving a favorable quote from the Singapore Company, the
California Company notified the Manager B on March 27, 2000 that the "financial
performance" of the LIF manufacturing program was "very, very poor" and that the
California Company would need to increase the price the California Company
charged ITT NV for the LIF. The California Company also stated that they would
understand if ITT NV decided to get another supplier for the LIF. On August 17,
2000, Manager B informed the California Company that ITT NV was exploring other
suppliers and that they had gotten a favorable quote from another company. On
October 9, 2000, the California Company informed Manager B that the California
Company was probably going to transfer all its "coating work" to their facility
in the United Kingdom. After discussing and agreeing that the classified
specification for the LIF could not be transferred to the facility located in
the United Kingdom, Manager B indicated that ITT NV would probably "want to do a
last-buy to cover their future needs." On October 16, 2000, the California
Company sent Manager B an e-mail confirming that the California Company had
decided to transfer the coating business to their facility in the United Kingdom
and that the California Company needed to know "ASAP" the "quantities and
time-frame" for a "last-and-final buy from the California Company." The e-mail
also stated that, "Your [LIF] coating, being classified, can't be transferred as
we recently discussed." In response, on
19
October 18, 2000, Manager B told the California Company that ITT NV wanted to
"add-on 4,000 additional pieces to their Dec. Delivery as their last-and-final
buy." When the California Company informed ITT NV on November 6, 2000 that the
price for the add-on to the "last-and-final" buy was "$120K more than they would
have paid with our old price," Manager B asked for "30 days to see if they can
get someone else to take up this program since they are ultimately going to have
to get someone to do it anyway." Manager B also indicated that they had gotten
quotes from two other companies for the manufacture the LIF.
Despite the fact that ITT NV had received quotes for the production of the
LIF from other companies, by the end of March 2001 Manager B had still not
arranged for a replacement for the California Company. Manager B's delay in
identifying a new manufacturer of the LIFs was quickly building to a crisis. As
Manager B explained in an e-mail to the Singapore Company on April 1, 2001,
"[t]his issue is becoming critical for me. I will need new parts by June-July
timeframe (sic). My third new source just quoted me (after a month delay) with a
10 month lead time." In fact, the crisis became so acute that by the end of May
2001 ITT NV had to ask the U.S. Army for permission to temporarily store night
vision equipment intended for delivery to the U.S. Army in a warehouse until ITT
NV was able to supply the required LIFs.
Despite being fully aware that the classified specification for the LIF
could not be exported, in his April 1, 2001 e-mail Manager B also asked whether
the Singapore Company could manufacture the LIF for ITT NV. In his effort to
find a new manufacturer for the LIF, Manager B ignored the requirements of the
ITAR and illegally sent to the Singapore Company by facsimile "a drawing
package" for the LIF without obtaining a license from the U.S. Department of
State or notifying anyone in the U.S. Government. When he illegally exported
these controlled LIF drawings to the Singapore Company, Manager B made no effort
to ensure that the Singapore Company was aware of the sensitive nature of
drawings or the precautions the Singapore Company should take in handling these
drawings. On April 3, 2001, Manager B once again intentionally violated the law
by electronically exporting to the Singapore Company by e-mail additional export
controlled LIF drawings without obtaining an export license from the U.S.
Department of State. Once again Manager B made no effort to ensure that the
Singapore Company was aware of the sensitive nature of drawings or the
precautions the Singapore Company should take in handling these drawings.
20
C. Illegal Production of the LIF Substrate in the People's Republic of
China
Upon receipt of the LIF drawings package, the Singapore Company personnel
prepared an export controlled derivative LIF drawing based upon the LIF drawings
Manager B had illegally exported. Given that Manager B had made it quite clear
that the cost of the LIF had to be "very competitive" and since he had
previously recommended that the Singapore Company use one of its "facilities"
located in "China", the Singapore Company's personnel exported the controlled
derivative drawing to an optics company, located in the Peoples Republic of
China, a prohibited ITAR destination. The Singapore Company also issued a
purchase order for the production of thousands of LIF substrates. With the
export controlled derivative LIF substrate drawing and the purchase order in
hand, the Chinese optics company quickly began production of the LIF substrates.
Ultimately, the Chinese optics company illegally manufactured thousands of the
LIF substrate lenses.
While arranging for the production of the LIF substrate, Manager B also
turned his attention to the issue of coating the LIF substrates. Since the
Singapore Company was not capable of doing the coating work, Manager B, at the
suggestion of the Singapore Company, turned to a sister company of the Singapore
Company, located in the United Kingdom (hereinafter "UK Company"), to do the LIF
coating work. Since a copy of the export controlled LIF drawing had already been
illegally sent to UK Company by the Singapore Company, Manager B turned his
attention to providing a copy of the classified LIF specification to the UK
Company.
D. Illegal Export of the Classified LIF Specification
On April 2, 2001, the Manager B sent an e-mail to another manager at ITT NV
explaining the problems he was having with finding a new supplier for the LIF.
In his e-mail Manager B explained that the "LIF specification is very demanding
and worse, it is a classified specification which prevents us from going to
off-shore coating suppliers." In response the other manager contacted a
government employee who worked at the U.S. Army Night Vision lab to see if there
was any way that ITT NV might be able to use an "off-shore coating supplier." On
April 6, 2001, the other manager informed Manager B and others at ITT NV that
the government employee he contacted stated that using an "off-shore" coating
supplier would be "a long road or to tough to do." Despite his knowledge that
the classified LIF specification could
21
not go to an "off-shore coating supplier," that it could not go to the United
Kingdom in specific, and that any attempt to get the government's permission to
go "off-shore" would be "a long road or to tough to do," on April 6, 2001
Manager B sent an e-mail to the Singapore Company asking for the "name and
e-mail/telephone # of the security officer" at their sister company in the
United Kingdom so that he could "expedite the transfer of the [classified LIF]
specification" to the UK Company.
In order to obtain a copy of the classified LIF specification, Manager B
contacted another ITT NV manager (hereinafter "Manager C") who had access to the
classified LIF specification. After explaining to Manager C the pressing need to
send the classified LIF specification to the UK Company, Manager C made an
effort to locate a copy of the classified LIF specification. When he was unable
to find a copy of the classified LIF specification in the ITT NV classified safe
or elsewhere, Manager C contacted the U.S. Army to obtain a new copy. During his
contact with the U.S. Army, Manager C made no mention of the fact that ITT NV
intended to export the classified LIF specification to the United Kingdom. In
response, a copy of the classified LIF specification was sent by the U.S. Army
to ITT NV on April 5, 2001.
In addition to obtaining a copy of the classified LIF specification,
Manager C also contacted ITT NV's government Defense Security Service Industrial
Security Representative (hereinafter "DSS ISR") to obtain a contact number for
the Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office (hereinafter "DISCO"). On April
9, 2001 ITT NV's DSS ISR sent Manager C the requested contact numbers for DISCO.
Despite the fact that Manager C and ITT NV's DSS ISR worked with each other
routinely and would have been the primary government person to consult about
transferring classified information to foreigners, Manager C never mentioned
that ITT NV was intending to export the classified LIF specification to the
United Kingdom. On April 10, 2001, without the knowledge of ITT NV's DSS ISR,
Manager C contacted the section of DISCO responsible for confirming whether a
foreign company or person has a security clearance and asked whether the UK
Company located at a specific address in the United Kingdom, had a security
clearance. In addition, at the request of Manager B, Manager C also contacted
the security supervisor for the UK Company on April 10, 2001 to "verify the
clearance level of your facility."
On April 17, 2001, the UK Company sent an e-mail to Manager C informing him
that they had not been able to find a copy of the classified LIF specification
22
anywhere and instructing him to send the classified LIF specification to their
sister company at a different address in the United Kingdom, since "[t]hey are
cleared to receive classified materials." Manager C forwarded this e-mail to
Manager B. Manager C also informed Manager B that after he received the UK
Company's e-mail he contacted DISCO to determine the status of his request to
verify the clearance of the UK Company. Manager C further informed Manager B
that the government had "just received appropriate documentation per our request
and are currently confirming." Manager C concluded that it "[m]ay be a day or so
before I have official confirmation" by "fax." On April 18, 2001, DISCO sent a
fax to Manager C informing him that a sister company at a different address in
the United Kingdom had a "SECRET/NATO SECRET" clearance. The April 18, 2001
DISCO fax did not indicate that the UK Company had any type of clearance.
Despite the fact that (1) ITT NV had not obtained permission from the
government to send the classified LIF specification to the UK Company or any
foreign entity or person, (2) ITT NV had not received any verification from the
government that the UK Company had an appropriate clearance, (3) both the UK
Company and DISCO had indirectly told ITT NV that the UK Company was not a
cleared facility, (4) ITT NV had not obtained a license from the U.S. Department
of State to export the classified LIF specification to the UK Company and (5)
ITT NV had been specifically instructed by the UK Company to send the classified
LIF specification to the UK Company's sister company at a different address, on
April 18, 2001 Manager C, at the direction Manager B, illegally sent through the
U.S. mail, in blatant violation of the NISPOM and the ITAR, the classified LIF
specification to the UK Company, a facility without any clearance or authority
to receive any U.S. classified information.
E. Illegal Production of the LIFs
On April 25,2001, the managing director of the UK Company sent an e-mail to
Manager B stating that the UK Company had not yet received the classified LIF
specification and that he was "concerned that it may be lost in either the US or
UK postal system." On April 26, 2001, the UK Company received the classified LIF
specification through the UK postal system. Upon realizing that ITT NV had sent
the classified LIF specification to an uncleared facility, the managing director
of the UK Company contacted Manager B and informed him that he sent the
classified LIF specification to an uncleared facility. When the managing
director of the UK
23
Company asked Manager B what he wanted him to do next, Manager B instructed him
to open the package containing the classified LIF specification and prepare the
requested price quotation for the manufacture of the LIFs.
On May 22, 2001, after a number of uncleared UK Company employees reviewed
the classified LIF specification, the UK Company's General Manager sent Manager
B a price quotation for the manufacture of the LIFs for delivery starting in
"late June/early July dependent on [UK] export license approval." After
receiving the UK Company's price quotation, Manager B sent an e-mail on May 31,
2001 to the UK Company stating that "[a]t this time we are planning on buying
24,000 pieces at 2000 per month with deliveries the first of each month. We will
need the first production units for our August deliveries. We will need them
here in time to complete the final assembly. I am hoping to be able to get your
first article samples this month." On June 11, 2001, the UK Company's general
manager sent an e-mail to the ITT NV Purchasing Manager stating that the UK
Company should have 20 LIFs ready to ship to ITT NV "this month."
Despite the fact that the LIF substrates and the coated LIFs were well
along the way to production, Manager B did not initiate any internal requests
for the required export license applications with ITT NV's export control
personnel until May 24, 2001. On May 24, 2001, Manager B filled out an internal
ITT NV form requesting, in part, a license to transmit to the UK Company some of
the LIF drawings he previously sent to the Singapore Company. Manager B did not
indicate that at least one of these drawings had already been sent to the UK
Company by the Singapore Company and that the UK Company had used this drawing
in preparing its price quotation. Manager B also lied on the internal ITT NV
application when he stated that the UK Company had been "cleared to accept" the
classified LIF specification "through the DSS." Finally, on June 8, 2001,
Manager B was directly asked by an export compliance ITT NV employee about
whether the Singapore Company would "have access to the [LIF] drawings at all?"
She asked this question because she understood that if the Singapore Company had
access to the LIF drawings then ITT NV "should list them on the license too."
Despite the fact that Manager B had already illegally exported the same LIF
substrate drawing to the Singapore Company without a license, he lied and told
her that the Singapore Company would not have any access to the LIF drawings and
therefore would not need to be listed on the license application.
25
On June 12, 2001, ITT NV submitted to the U.S. Department of State a
license application to export to the UK Company a LIF drawing (Drawing Number
273220). On the license application ITT NV falsely indicated that the shipment
of the LIF drawing was a "completely new shipment." On August 7,2001, the U.S.
Department of State rejected the license application. In rejecting the license
application the U.S. Department of State stated:
The drawing is of no value without specifications. The
specifications are classified as "secret or foreign." Light
interference filters are the critical technology for
electro-optical countermeasures systems for USG military/national
security night vision systems. You have not justified why you
want to purchase these components from a foreign source. If ITT
Night Vision wants to pursue this offshore procurement, ITT Night
Vision should obtain the concurrence of the Army, especially the
Night Vision Laboratory, before resubmitting.
Despite the fact that ITT NV had no export license in place to obtain LIFs from
a foreign source and a license application was being submitted to the U.S.
Department of State, on June 12, 2001, ITT NV issued a purchase order for 20
LIFs.
On June 13, 2001, an ITT NV employee mentioned during a discussion with a
U.S. Army Night Vision Lab employee that ITT NV was obtaining LIFs from a
foreign source. When the government night vision employee inquired how ITT NV
was able to do this since the classified LIF specification was designated "No
Foreign," the ITT NV employee was unable to provide an answer. When DSS was
informed of the compromise of classified information, the DSS ISR told Manager C
to get the classified specification returned in a proper manner through
government-to- government channels. On July 3, 2001, Manager C sent an email to
the General Manager of the UK Company requesting the return of the classified
LIF specification. The General Manager of the UK Company responded on July 4,
2001 that they would return the specification the same day. Instead of being
returned properly through government-to-government channels, the classified LIF
specification was improperly sent through the UK mail system to ITT NV. On July
17, 2001, Manager C signed a receipt for the return of the classified LIF
specification.
On August 22, 2001 and again on August 27, 2001, the U.S. Department of
State issued a written demand that within thirty days ITT provide a wide variety
of
25
information about ITT NV's violations relating to the classified LIF
specification compromise, including the return of "All technical data
(classified and unclassified) and/or defense articles sent to the UK." Despite
the U.S. Department of State's demand for the return of the classified LIF
specification, ITT failed to return it within the thirty day time limit. In
fact, on March 1, 2002, ITT NV informed the U.S. Department of State that ITT NV
had turned over "all classified information requested." In light of this
response, the government obtained a search warrant to search for a variety of
evidence, including the missing classified LIF specification. On October 29,
2002, federal agents executed the search warrant. During the search of ITT NV's
safe, the agents recovered the missing classified LIF specification that had
been returned by the UK Company.
In addition to failing to return the classified LIF specification, ITT NV
continued to push forward with the illegal foreign production of LIFs even
though ITT NV knew that the classified LIF specification had been illegally
exported to the UK Company, even though the DSS ISR had demanded the immediate
return of the classified LIF specification, even though the DSS ISR was
conducting an investigation of the compromise of the classified information, and
even though ITT NV had no export license for the foreign production of LIFs. For
example, on July 6, 2001, ITT NV issued a second purchase order to the UK
Company for the manufacture of 20,000 LIFs for delivery starting on August 1,
2001. Even when Manager B learned that the UK Company had illegally kept a copy
of the classified LIF specification after they claimed that they returned it,
Manager B continued to push forward with the manufacturing process and even
provide direct assistance to the UK Company. For example, on July 30, 2001, the
UK Company's Product Assurance Manager sent an e-mail to an ITT NV employee
stating:
Can you help to clear up one issue on the LIF filters. There is a
discrepancy between the spherical power specification in the Mil
spec and your drawing. As per the detail of the Mil spec this
document should take precedence, however can you confirm that
this is correct. Thank you for your assistance.
After obtaining the answer from Manager B, the ITT NV employee replied that
"[t]he Mil. Spec. takes precedent." ITT NV never told the government that the UK
Company retained a copy of the classified LIF specification, and the government
has been unable to recover the copy made by the UK Company.
26
It was not until August 9, 2001, that ITT NV asked the UK Company, at
the specific direction of the government, to stop production of the LIFs. By
August 9, 2001, the UK Company had delivered 20 completed LIFs to ITT NV,
manufactured 518 LIFs that passed testing standards and generated a significant
amount of new classified test data related to the testing of the LIFs. On
February 6, 2002, ITT NV finally put the LIF purchase order on "hold
indefinitely." By that time the UK Company had illegally produced at least one
thousand coated LIF filters and the Singapore Company had manufactured in the
Peoples Republic of China as many as twenty thousand LIF substrates. Many of
these coated LIFs and LIF substrates have never been recovered.
5. Export Violations Relating to the Enhanced Night Vision Goggle system
A. ENVG Background
In July 2000, the U.S. Army awarded a development contract to ITT NV and
several other U.S. defense contractors, to study what the next step forward
should be in the area of helmet-borne night vision technology. In the study
contract, the U.S. Army made clear that it was looking for a "[r]evolutionary
approach (versus evolutionary)" toward the development of a night vision goggle
that would replace the night vision goggles that were in production at that
time. The contract was broken down into two phases. In phase one, ITT NV was
obligated to produce a report that set forth and evaluated "conceptual designs"
for an Enhanced Night Vision Goggle (ENVG). During phase two, ITT NV was to
develop, build, and test "prototype ENVG units." Over the life of the initial
development contract ITT NV was awarded $1,843,000.00 by the U.S. Army.
At the conclusion of phase one of the initial development contract in
December 2000, the U.S. Army evaluated the reports submitted and decided to move
forward on a new "revolutionary" night vision goggle system. This new and
revolutionary ENVG system would combine the strengths of night vision technology
with the strengths of thermal imaging technology. By optically blending the two
systems' visual images into one system and one image, the U.S. Army hoped to
give U.S. soldiers a distinct visual advantage on the battlefield. If
successfully developed, not only would U.S. soldiers be able to see in the dark,
but they would also be able to see through smoke, clouds and other obscurants,
an advantage that could mean the difference between life and death.
27
B. Pre-2004 Illegal ENVG Exports to Singapore
In 2001 the U.S. Army moved forward with phase two of the development
contract and requested the production of several different ENVG prototypes from
several U.S. defense contractors, including ITTNV. To produce an ENVG prototype,
ITT NV turned to the Singapore Company. The Singapore Company subsequently
assigned a Singaporean optical designer to work on the ENVG project. Without
obtaining any of the necessary export licenses, ITT NV and the Singapore Company
began to work collaboratively on the design and development of the ENVG
prototype. In jointly developing the ENVG prototype, ITT violated the ITAR by
shipping export controlled drawings to the Singapore Company without obtaining
the required export licenses. ITT NV even brought the Singapore Company's
optical engineer to the United States to work side-by-side with his ITTNV
counterpart inside ITT NV's facilities located in Roanoke, VA, without notifying
or getting any type of approval from the U.S. Department of State.
After conducting tests on the ENVG prototypes delivered by the defense
contractors involved in the ENVG competition, the U.S. Army, toward the end of
2001, made a series of technology selections and awarded additional money
through a second development contract for the development, production and
testing of additional ENVG prototypes. ITT NV was given $1,204,000.00 by the
U.S. Army pursuant to this second development contract. When the second ENVG
development contract came to an end, ITT NV was given an additional
$4,175,000.00 in 2003 pursuant to a third ENVG development contract. In total,
ITT was given $7,232,000.00 by the U.S. Army during the developmental phase of
the ENVG program.
Since the optical engineer who had worked with ITT NV during the
development of the first ITT NV ENVG prototype had left the employment of the
Singapore Company during the summer of 2001, ITT NV turned to a group of optical
designers employed by the Singapore Company to collaboratively work with the
engineers at ITT NV on the development of the next ENVG prototype. Once again
ITT NV failed to obtain the necessary export licenses from the U.S. Department
of State. Among the Singapore Company's optical designers working
collaboratively with ITT NV on the ENVG design and development were two optical
designers who were citizens of the People's Republic of China, a prohibited
destination for export controlled information. The optical designers from the
People's Republic of China
28
routinely had access to export controlled drawings and specifications until 2003
when they left Singapore and returned to the People's Republic of China. In
addition, to their illegal collaborative work on the ENVG system, ITT NV
routinely shipped export controlled ENVG drawings and specifications to the
Singapore Company without a license issued by the U.S. Department of State
throughout the developmental phase of the ENVG program. ITT NV's disregard of
the ITAR during the development phase of the ENVG system was harmful to the
interests of the United States since, as an ITT NV optical engineer stated in an
e-mail discussing the need to protect the optical design of the ENVG system,
"[b]y knowing the optical train of the ENVG ... they can determine how the whole
system works."
Despite the fact that some members of ITT NV management were aware that ITT
NV was working collaboratively with and sharing export controlled drawings with
the Singapore Company without an export license authorizing these exports, no
effort to obtain a license was considered until September 2002. At the request
of an ITT NV Manager (Manager D), ITT NV engineers prepared a draft of an
amendment to the ITT NV/Singapore Company TAA for submission to the U.S.
Department of State. The draft amendment listed twenty specific export
controlled drawings by number that "ITT and [the Singapore Company] need to
trade technical information on" that were not listed on the TAA Annex. Thirteen
of the listed drawings related to night vision goggle systems in production and
seven drawings related to ENVG "optical assemblies used on systems being
developed." The draft amendment also made clear that ITT NV and the Singapore
Company had worked collaboratively on the design of export controlled night
vision optics "since the 1980's." Submission of the amendment would have
informed the U.S. Department of State that not only was ITT NV illegally working
with the Singapore Company on the design and development of the highly sensitive
ENVG system, but that ITT NV had been illegally working with the Singapore
Company and violating the law for more than twenty years. Given the potential
implications of revealing this information to the U.S. Department of State, ITT
NV never submitted the draft amendment
In the summer of 2003, ITT NV became so concerned about their relationship
with the Singapore Company that they decided to stop working with the Singapore
Company on future ENVG designs. Instead, ITT NV began a search for a U.S.
domestic partner with whom ITT NV could legally work on future ENVG designs.
After a selection process, ITT NV selected an American company to take the
Singapore Company's place in the design of future ENVG optics. The American
29
Company, with the assistance of other U.S. domestic companies, eventually
redesigned the entire "optical train" for the ENVG system.
By the end of 2003, the Manager D was openly telling other ITT NV employees
that ITT NV did not have a license to export ENVG documents to the Singapore
Company and that ITT NV needed to get an amendment to their existing technical
assistance agreement if they wished to continue to "undertake detailed design
collaborative efforts for ENVG optics." Since ITT NV needed to continue to work
with the Singapore Company with regard to the production of the existing
prototype ENVG design for delivery to the U.S. Army in July of 2004, Manager D
once again asked an ITT NV engineer to draft an amendment to the existing ITT
NV/Singapore Company TAA for submission to the U.S. Department of State. This
amendment, like the previously drafted amendment, was never submitted because it
would never have been approved by the U.S. Department of State. Despite the
clear understanding that ITT did not have, a license to export ENVG drawings and
specifications, Manager D continued to authorize ITT NV personnel to routinely
export controlled drawings and specifications in violation of the ITAR. With the
full knowledge of some members of ITT NV management, ITT NV personnel even went
to the extreme of exporting to the Singapore Company on February 27, 2004, the
most up-to-date export controlled ENVG performance specifications, including
information related to the thermal optics, a highly sensitive part of the ENVG
system that the Singapore Company never worked on. ITT NV elected to export
these latest ENVG performance specifications to the Singapore Company so that
the Singapore Company would be ready to assist ITT NV when it came time for the
full production of the ENVG optical components and assemblies in 2006.
C. Post 2004 Illegal ENVG Exports to Singapore
With the knowledge that ITT NV was routinely violating the requirements of
the ITAR, in 2003, Manager D and other ITT NV mangers began looking for a way to
get around sending export controlled ENVG technical data directly from ITT NV to
the Singapore Company and shift the legal responsibility for the export of ITT
NV's ENVG technical data to someone else. On February 23, 2004, Manager B, with
the knowledge of Manager D, wrote an e-mail to the Singapore Company stating:
I am sorry to say that I am extremely disappointed in the efforts
so far to establish a domestic US operation and specifically to
find an optical
30
engineer. We are continuing to falter here in our
efforts to re-design the ENVG optics while complying with US
export regulations. This is forcing us to consider finding a US
domestic source for ENVG optics and future optical assembly's.
Manager B went on to state that if the Singapore Company "... did find a
domestic engineer, that person would have to be employed by a [Singapore Company
Parent] ... division that was incorporated in the US (ie [...] Rochester). If
the engineer were employed by ... [the Singapore Company] then they would be
considered a foreign national no matter what their citizenship." In response,
the Singapore Company hired an optical engineer who was a U.S. citizen
(hereinafter "U.S. engineer") and attached him to a sister company located near
Rochester, New York (hereinafter "Rochester Company"). The Singapore Company was
willing to do this for ITT NV since ITT NV was the Singapore Company's largest
customer. The loss of ITT NV's business to a domestic U.S. competitor, as
Manager D threatened in his e-mail, would have had an enormous negative impact
on the Singapore Company and its sister companies.
On June 10, 2004, Manager B and Manager D met with the management of the
Rochester Company and others to discuss shifting responsibility to the Rochester
Company for the export of ITT NV ENVG technology to the Singapore Company.
During the meeting, Manager D and Manager B explained that ITT NV was developing
the "next generation" of night vision equipment called ENVG. Manager D went on
to state that while ITT NV had a TAA with the Singapore Company, the TAA did not
cover ENVG. Manager D also stated that ITT NV did not believe that the U.S.
Department of State would approve an amendment to their TAA that would cover
ENVG. Therefore, ITT NV proposed to share technical data related to the ENVG
system with the U.S. optical engineer hired by the Singapore Company and
attached to the Rochester Company. The Rochester Company would then be
responsible for exporting any export controlled technical data to the Singapore
Company. Manager B also made it clear that if the Rochester Company did not
agree to their proposal, then ITT NV would take its business elsewhere. Despite
the fact that the Rochester Company was not involved in the development or
production of night vision equipment, that the Rochester Company had virtually
no experience with the export of controlled technical data, and that the
Rochester Company did not employ anyone who had even a basic working knowledge
of the requirements of the ITAR, the Rochester Company ultimately agreed to ITT
NV's proposal since ITT NV was such a critical customer.
31
Prior to the June 10,2004 meeting, the Rochester Company submitted a
request for a TAA between the Rochester Company and its sister company in
Singapore (hereinafter "Rochester/Singapore TAA"). In their May 14, 2004
request, the Rochester Company applied for an export license to provide
"services to design and develop optical components, optical assemblies, and
opto-mechanical assemblies for use in defense products like night vision
equipment." They further asked for permission for the Rochester Company to share
their designs with the Singapore Company so that the Singapore Company could
manufacture the Rochester Company's designs on a "build-to-print basis" in
Singapore. On June 29, 2004, the U.S. Department of State approved the
Rochester/Singapore TAA with a series of limitations. The Rochester/Singapore
TAA went into effect on January 4, 2005, when the President of the Rochester
Company signed the Rochester/Singapore TAA.
After the Rochester/Singapore TAA went into effect, the U.S. engineer
attached to the Rochester Company sent a copy of the Rochester/Singapore TAA,
the TAA transmittal letter, the U.S. Department of State approval letter and
other documents related to the Rochester/Singapore TAA to Manager D for his
review. Despite the fact that Manager D knew that the technical data to be
exported under a TAA must be specifically identified, despite the fact that the
Rochester/Singapore TAA did not list any ENVG drawing or specification or even
mention ENVG or ITT at all, and despite the fact that the Rochester/Singapore
TAA transmittal letter never mentioned any of the ENVG contracts as contracts
under which the technical data to be exported was developed, on February 2,
2005, Manager D sent an e-mail to Manager B, the U.S. engineer and others at ITT
NV stating that he had reviewed the Rochester/Singapore TAA and that "the TAA
appears to satisfy our requirements for establishing a U.S. sourced lens design
operation to interface with ... [the Singapore Company] in Singapore (emphasis
added)."
In reliance on Manager D's e-mail, ITT NV engineers began to freely share
export controlled ENVG technical data, including drawings and specifications,
with the U.S engineer. The U.S. engineer soon learned that the ENVG optical
designs that the Singapore Company previously worked on were obsolete and a new
American Company had redesigned the ENVG optics. Despite the fact that the
Rochester/Singapore TAA was limited to the export of designs created by the
Rochester Company, the very first thing that ITT NV asked the U.S. engineer to
export to the Singapore Company was an ITT specification and drawing for a
"Special Night Vision Goggle" or "SNVG beam combiner for a manufacturing quote
32
for up to 500 beam combiners in 2005 and for "10,000/year for 2006 and beyond."
The ITT NV engineers made it clear that they did not want the U.S. engineer to
work on the design or the drawing of the SNVG beam combiner. In fact, the U.S.
engineer was not qualified to work on the design of a beam combiner. ITT NV
merely wanted the U.S. engineer to act as a conduit for the export of ITT NV's
"SNVG" beam combiner specifications and drawing. In order to hide the fact that
the "SNVG" beam combiner specification and drawing was really the latest and
most up-to-date specification and drawing for the ENVG beam combiner, an ITT NV
engineer replaced all references in the ENVG beam combiner specification with
the fictitious name, "Special Night Vision Goggle" or "SNVG prior to giving it
to the U.S. engineer for export to the Singapore Company.
Before exporting ITT's "SNVG" beam combiner specifications and drawing to
the Singapore Company, the U.S. engineer decided to consult with Manager D. The
U.S. engineer felt that he needed to consult Manager D since he had absolutely
no experience with exporting controlled documents, and he had only two days of
ITAR training from an introductory ITAR course. On March 1, 2005, after Manager
D had given him specific permission to export the "SNVG" beam combiner
specification and drawing, the U.S. engineer sent the "SNVG" export controlled
documents by facsimile to the Singapore Company. In his transmittal letter to
the Singapore Company, the U.S. engineer stated that he believed that "these
updated requirements are for the ENVG and that the term "SNVG" was used as a
decoy."
ITT NV's use of a "decoy" specification was further illuminated in a
subsequent conversation between Manager D and the U.S. engineer. On March 7,
2005, the U.S. engineer called Manager D to get his permission to export to the
Singapore Company an electronic copy of the ENVG beam combiner drawing. During
the course of the conversation, Manager D asked the U.S. engineer to remove all
"ITT markings" from the ITT documents exported to the Singapore Company. Manager
D explained that he wanted all references to ITT removed since "he prefers that
TAAs be very specific, and ours [the Rochester/Singapore TAA] 1s not." After
further discussion, Manager D backed away from his request to remove all ITT
markings. Even with the full knowledge that the Rochester/Singapore TAA was not
specific and did not permit the transmittal of ITT NV's export controlled ENVG
drawings and specifications, Manager D still gave the U.S. engineer approval to
send the electronic version of the export controlled ENVG beam combiner drawing
to the Singapore Company.
33
Throughout the rest of 2005, whenever the U.S. engineer was asked by ITT NV
personnel to transmit export controlled ENVG drawings and specifications to the
Singapore Company, he requested and received specific permission for the exports
from Manager D or other ITT NV employees. With the blessing of Manager D, the
U.S. engineer illegally exported without a license ITT's and the American
Company's most up-to-date ENVG specifications and drawings to the Singapore
Company. By September of 2005 ITT NV had illegally exported through the
Rochester Company the entire ENVG "optical train." ITT NV caused these illegal
exports in an effort to have the Singapore Company ready to "re-enter" ITT NV's
production schedule "by the March 2006 date for production." As an ITT NV
engineer recognized in an e- mail to another ITT NV engineer, the whole
relationship between the Rochester Company and ITT NV was a "front" for an
effort to get around the U.S. export laws.
ITT NV's intent to establish a "front" for an illegal effort to get around
the U.S. export laws was made even clearer by nature of the relationship between
the U.S. engineer and the Rochester Company. Despite the fact that ITT NV was
specifically aware and had informed the Singapore Company that if the U.S.
engineer was not an employee of the Rochester Company, any exports by the U.S.
engineer would be illegal, the U.S. engineer was, in fact, an employee of the
Singapore Company who was attached to the Rochester Company. The U.S. engineer
was hired by the Singapore Company, he was supervised by Singapore Company
personnel, his work was controlled and coordinated by the Singapore Company, and
all expenses incurred by the Rochester Company in the support of the U.S.
engineer were completely reimbursed by the Singapore Company. The U.S. engineer
was not even listed on the Rochester Company personnel chart, and he was openly
referred to as an employee of the Singapore Company. As an employee of a foreign
company, the U.S. engineer had no right to export anything to the Singapore
Company under the Rochester/Singapore TAA.
D. Illegal ENVG Exports to Japan and China
During the developmental phase of the ENVG system, ITT NV engineers had
difficulty obtaining a critical switch for the ENVG system. After experimenting
with several existing switches, ITT NV concluded that it would have to design
its own unique switch. In 2003 an ITT NV engineer was successful in designing a
unique switch (hereinafter "ENVG switch") that meet the specific requirements of
the ENVG system.
34
In order to manufacture the ENVG switch, ITT NV turned to the U.S.
office of a Japanese company. Despite being fully aware that drawings and
information about the ENVG switch were export controlled items that would
require an export license to be shipped to Japan, ITT NV failed to make any
attempt to obtain the necessary export license before exporting ENVG switch
information and drawings to Japan. Between September 2003 and December 2005, ITT
NV worked collaboratively with the Japanese company in an unlicensed and illegal
effort to produce a final ENVG switch. During this unlicensed collaborative
design and production process, ITT NV illegally exported a series of ENVG switch
drawings to the Japanese company, including the final ENVG switch design. ITT NV
had included on some of these drawings specific statements that identified the
drawings as export controlled pursuant to the provisions of the ITAR.
During the course of the design and production of the ENVG switch, the
Japanese company specifically informed ITT NV that they intended to use a sister
company located in the People's Republic of China (hereinafter "Chinese Switch
Company") during the manufacturing, assembly and testing process in an effort to
reduce the cost of production. Despite being acutely aware from their prior
illegal activities discussed above that China was a prohibited destination for
export controlled military items, ITT NV made no effort to prevent the Japanese
company from exporting the ENVG switch designs to China. In fact, all of the
export controlled drawings and technical information illegally provided to the
Japanese Company were subsequently transferred to the Chinese Switch Company.
The Chinese Switch Company ultimately produced hundreds of ENVG switches which
were shipped to the Japanese company and then to ITT NV. While the manufacturing
of the ENVG switches was eventually shifted to Japan, the Chinese Switch Company
remained involved in the assembly and final testing of the ENVG switches until
April 2006. The relationship between ITT NV, the Japanese company and the
Chinese Switch Company did not come to an end until April 2006 when the illegal
and unlicensed relationship between the three companies was fully uncovered
through ITT's investigation. The results of this investigation were voluntarily
reported by ITT to the government.
32
REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN
APPENDIX B
As part of its obligations pursuant to the Agreement, ITT agrees to
implement the remedial action plan set forth below. ITT understands that the
remedial actions set forth below impose obligations that are in addition to
those imposed by existing laws, regulations and contractual obligations. Nothing
in the Agreement shall be construed to, or shall have the effect of, excusing
any failure of ITT to comply with the provisions of existing laws, regulations
and contractual obligations.
I. Compliance Management
A. Executive Manager of Compliance
ITT shall establish an executive position within its corporate
structure dedicated to the mission of ensuring that ITT is in full
compliance with all U.S. export laws and regulations and all U.S.
programs directed at the protection of classified information and
technology, including, but not limited to the following:
1. The National Industrial Security Program (hereinafter "NISP") and
its implementing provisions contained in the National Industrial
Security Program Operating Manual (hereinafter "NISPOM").
2. The Arms Export Control Act (hereinafter "AECA") and its
implementing regulations contained in the International Traffic
in Arms Regulations (hereinafter "ITAR"); and
3. The Export Administration Act International Emergency Economic
Powers Act (hereinafter "IEEPA") and its implementing regulations
contained in the Export Administration Regulations (hereinafter
"EAR") and the Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulations;
1
ITT shall submit to the government for approval the name and
background of the person who will fill the position of executive
manager of compliance (hereinafter "EMC") within three months of
the date of the Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion.
The EMC shall be hired within six months of the date of the Court
order granting the Joint Deferral Motion. The EMC shall have
significant background, training and experience with the
compliance laws, regulations and programs listed above. The EMC
will report directly to the Chief Executive Officer of ITT
(hereinafter "CEO") and shall have access to ITT's Board of
Directors. The EMC shall have the authority and the resources
necessary to ensure that ITT is in full compliance with the laws,
regulations and programs listed above.
B. Compliance Management Structure
ITT shall restructure its management of all ITT employees charged
with the responsibility of implementing the compliance laws,
regulations and programs listed in Section I. A. above within six
months of the date of the Court order granting the Joint Deferral
Motion. In particular, all ITT export compliance managers and/or
security managers with the responsibility of safeguarding U.S.
classified materials or export controlled materials, including
all "Empowered Officials" (hereinafter "EO") pursuant to the ITAR
or "Facility Security Officers" (hereinafter "FSO") pursuant to
the NISPOM shall be supervised, evaluated and report directly to
the EMC or other export/security compliance managers who report
directly to the EMC. All other ITT export compliance employees or
security employees with responsibility for safeguarding
classified or export controlled materials shall be supervised,
evaluated and report directly to an export/security compliance
manager who is directly or indirectly supervised by the EMC. The
purpose of this provision is to ensure that all ITT export
compliance and security personnel with responsibility for
safeguarding export controlled or classified materials can act to
ensure full compliance with the laws, regulations and programs
listed in Section I. A. above without fear of adverse action.
2
II. Compliance Education &Training
A. Annual Training
ITT shall institute within nine months of the date of the Court order
granting the Joint Deferral Motion a comprehensive export compliance
and NISPOM education/training program for its employees. All ITT
employees who have access to or who manage ITT employees who have
access to export controlled or classified materials shall receive
annual training which at a minimum shall include the purpose of, their
responsibilities under, and the potential consequences of violating
the compliance laws, regulations and programs listed in Section I. A.
above. ITT shall submit to the Monitor an outline of the training to
be given along with any materials to be provided during the training
at least one month prior to the training. The first annual training
shall take place within nine months of the date of the Court order
granting the Joint Deferral Motion.
B. Additional Manager Training
ITT shall ensure that all export compliance managers and security
managers, including all EOs, FSOs and their immediate assistants shall
have sufficient training and experience to ensure full compliance with
the compliance laws, regulations and programs listed in Section I. A.
above. The EMC, on behalf of ITT, shall submit to the Monitor within
one year from the date of the Court order granting the Joint Deferral
Motion, a written certification stating that ITT has reviewed the
background and training of all ITT EOs, FSOs, and their immediate
assistants, and that all ITT EOs, FSOs, and their immediate assistants
have sufficient training and experience to ensure full compliance with
the compliance laws, regulations and programs listed in Section I. A.
above. ITT shall ensure that all export compliance and security
managers and their immediate assistants regularly obtain additional
training to improve and update their knowledge of the export
compliance laws, regulations and programs listed in Section I. A.
above.
3
C. Record Keeping
ITT shall keep a record of the training provided and the names and
positions of the individuals who received training for a period of at
least five years. Each employee who received training shall sign a
document verifying that he/she has received the required annual
training and understands the purpose of, their responsibilities under,
and the consequences of violating the export compliance laws,
regulations and programs listed in Section I. A. above. ITT shall also
keep a record of all training received by all export compliance
managers and security managers, including all EOs, FSOs and their
immediate assistants for a period of at least ten years.
III. Mandatory Reporting of Violations
A. Classified Information
ITT shall report all losses, compromises or suspected losses or
compromises of U.S. classified materials in its possession or custody
to the responsible Cognizant Security Agency (hereinafter "CSA") and
the Monitor as soon as possible, and in no case later than twenty four
hours, from the discovery of the loss, compromise or suspected loss or
compromise of U.S. classified materials. ITT shall make interim and/or
final reports of all losses, compromises or suspected losses or
compromises of U.S. classified materials as directed by the CSA. A
copy of any interim or final reports shall also be provided to the
Monitor.
ITT shall also report all attempts to gain unauthorized access to U.S.
classified materials in its possession or custody, including, but not
limited to, computer network intrusions, to the responsible CSA and
the Monitor as soon as possible, and in no case later than twenty four
hours from the discovery of the attempt to gain unauthorized access to
U.S. classified materials. ITT shall make interim and/or final reports
of all attempts to gain unauthorized access to U.S. classified
materials
4
as directed by the CSA. A copy of any interim or final reports shall
also be provided to the Monitor.
B. AECA/ITAR Violations
ITT shall make an initial written report of all violations of the
AECN/ITAR to the U.S. Department of State, Office of Defense Trade
Controls Compliance, and the Monitor within one week of the discovery
of the violation. ITT shall make written interim and/or final reports
of all violations of the AECA/ITAR as directed by the U.S. Department
of State, Office of Defense Trade Controls Compliance. A copy of any
interim or final reports shall also be provided to the Monitor.
C. IEEPA/EAR Violations
ITT shall make an initial written report of all violations of the
IEEPA/EAR to the U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Export
Enforcement, and the Monitor within one week of the discovery of the
violation. ITT shall make written interim and final reports of all
violations of IEEPA/EAR as directed by the U.S. Department of
Commerce, Office of Export Enforcement. A copy of any interim or final
reports shall also be provided to the Monitor.
IV. Compliance Investigation
A. Classified Materials
1. Classified Materials Inventory - ITT shall conduct a complete
inventory of all classified materials (hereinafter "Inventory")
in its possession, custody or control within six months of the
date of the Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion. ITT
shall update this Inventory on a bi-annual basis thereafter. ITT
shall maintain copies of the Inventory and the bi-annual updates
for a period of at least ten years and shall produce the
Inventory and the bi-annual updates for inspection and copying
when requested by authorized U.S. Government agencies.
5
2. Classified Materials Disclosure Audit - Within one year of the
date of the Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion, ITT
shall determine whether any classified materials in its
possession or custody have been misplaced, lost or improperly
disclosed to any unauthorized person or entity. ITT shall also
prepare and submit to the Monitor within one year of the date of
the Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion a list of all
foreign persons or foreign entities to whom ITT has disclosed
U.S. classified material within the past ten years. ITT shall
further use its best efforts to determine whether any foreign
person or foreign entity to whom ITT has disclosed U.S.
classified materials has made a disclosure of that U.S.
classified material to any unauthorized person or entity. ITT
shall report any loss, compromise or suspected compromise of
classified information to the CSA and the Monitor as set forth in
paragraph 111. A. above.
3. Classified Materials Security Audit - Within one year of the date
of the Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion, ITT shall
conduct an audit to determine whether each of ITT's business
units that have possession or custody of U.S. classified
materials have sufficient security in place to protect all U.S.
classified materials. A copy of the audits shall be provided to
the CSA and the Monitor. All security deficiencies shall be
corrected within eighteen months of the date of the Court order
granting the Joint Deferral Motion.
B. Export Compliance
ITT shall conduct an export compliance audit of each ITT business unit
that has access to export controlled materials. The primary purpose of
these audits will be to identify past and present violations of the
compliance laws, regulations and programs listed in Section I. A.
above and to determine whether each ITT business unit has a sufficient
program and resources to ensure full compliance with the export laws
of the United States. The audits shall also determine whether proper
export licenses are in place and whether the terms, conditions, and
6
provisos of ITT's export licenses are being fully complied with. A
copy of each audit shall be provided to the Monitor and the United
States. Within three months of the completion of each audit, the Chief
Executive Officer of the ITT business unit audited shall sign and
submit to the Monitor a certification stating that a comprehensive
audit to identify past and present violations of the compliance laws,
regulations and programs listed in Section I. A. above and to
determine whether each ITT business unit has a sufficient program and
resources to ensure full compliance with the export laws of the United
States has been completed and that all violations of the compliance
laws, regulations and programs listed in Section I. A. above have been
reported to the Monitor and the United States. All export compliance
audits shall be completed within two years of the date of the Court
order granting the Joint Deferral Motion. All export compliance
deficiencies shall be corrected within thirty months of the date of
the Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion.
C. Foreign Subcontractors/Foreign Corporate Partners
ITT shall determine whether each of its foreign agents,
sub-contractors and corporate partners with whom ITT has shared export
controlled materials in the past five years has sufficient knowledge
of the United States export laws and regulations to prevent export
compliance violations by the foreign agent, sub-contractor or
corporate partner. ITT shall also determine whether all export
controlled materials have been sufficiently marked by ITT personnel to
put all of its foreign agents, sub-contractors and corporate partners
on notice of the export controlled nature of the materials provided.
ITT shall complete these tasks within one year of the date of the
Court order granting the Joint Deferral Motion.
V. Annual Compliance Certification
A. ITT Business Units
The Chief Executive Officer of each ITT business unit that has access
to export controlled or classified materials shall sign an annual
7
compliance certification. The annual compliance certification shall
state as follows:
"I, (Name) __________, (Title) __________, on behalf of (Name of ITT
business unit) __________, do hereby certify that to the best of my
knowledge and belief, (Name of ITT business unit) __________, is in
full compliance with the export laws of the United States and the
National Industrial Security Program. I further certify that all
violations of the export laws of the United States or loses,
compromises or suspected loses or compromises of United States
classified information have been reported to the appropriate
official(s) of the United States government." The annual compliance
certification shall be dated and notarized by a notary public. The
executed annual compliance certifications shall be forwarded to the
Monitor no later than the first of June for each year the Agreement is
in effect.
B. ITT Corporation
The Chief Executive Officer of ITT and the EMC shall sign an annual
compliance certification on behalf of ITT. The annual compliance
certification shall states as follows:
"I, (Name) __________, (Title) __________, on behalf of ITT
Corporation, do hereby certify that to the best of my knowledge and
belief, ITT Corporation, is in full compliance with the export laws of
the United States and the National Industrial Security Program. I
further certify that all violations of the export laws of the United
States or loses, compromises or suspected loses or compromises of
United States classified information have been reported to the
appropriate official(s) of the United States government."
The annual compliance certification shall be dated and notarized by a
notary public. The executed annual compliance certification shall be
forwarded to the Monitor no later than the first of June for each year
the Agreement is in effect.
(1) ITT Corporation is made up of a series of management groups. One of
these management groups is ITT Defense. ITT Defense oversees a number of profit
centers, including ITT Night Vision in Roanoke, VA.