EXHIBIT 3.2
AMENDED AND RESTATED
BY-LAWS
OF
THE PMI GROUP, INC.
A Delaware Corporation
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of The PMI Group,
Inc. (hereinafter referred to as the "Corporation") in the State of Delaware
shall be located at 1013 Centre Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19805. The name of
the Corporation's registered agent at such address shall be the Corporation
Service Company. The registered office and/or registered agent of the
Corporation may be changed from time to time by action of the board of
directors.
Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such
other places, both within and without the State of Delaware, as the board of
directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may
require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Place and Time of Meetings. An annual meeting of the
stockholders shall be held each year for the purpose of electing directors and
conducting such other proper business as may come before the meeting. The date,
time and place of the annual meeting shall be determined by the chief executive
officer of the Corporation; provided, that if the chief executive officer does
not act, the board of directors shall determine the date, time and place of such
meeting.
Section 2. Special Meetings. From and after the date on which the
common stock of the Corporation is registered under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, special meetings of stockholders may be called for any
purpose and may be held at such time and place, within or without the State of
Delaware, as shall be stated in a notice of meeting or in a duly executed waiver
of notice thereof. Such meetings may be called, at any time, only by the
chairman of the board, the president or the board of directors pursuant to a
resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of the majority of the total number
of directors then in office.
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Section 3. Place of Meetings. The board of directors may designate any
place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place of meeting
for any annual meeting or for any special meeting called by the board of
directors. If no designation is made, or if a special meeting be otherwise
called, the place of meeting shall be the principal executive office of the
Corporation.
Section 4. Notice. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to
take action at a meeting, written or printed notice stating the place, date,
time, and, in the case of special meetings, the purpose or purposes, of such
meeting, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not
less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting. All such
notices shall be delivered, either personally or by mail, by or at the direction
of the board of directors, the chairman of the board, the chief executive
officer or the secretary, and if mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be
delivered when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed
to the stockholder at his, her or its address as the same appears on the records
of the Corporation. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a
waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends for the express
purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any
business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Such further
notice shall be given as may be required by law. Only such business shall be
conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before
the meeting pursuant to the Corporation's notice of meeting. Any previously
scheduled meeting of the stockholders may be postponed, and (unless the
Certificate of Incorporation otherwise provides) any special meeting of the
stockholders may be canceled, by resolution of the Board upon public notice
given prior to the time previously scheduled for such meeting of stockholders.
Section 5. Stockholders List. The officer having charge of the stock
ledger of the Corporation shall make, at least 10 days before every meeting of
the stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such
meeting arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder
and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list
shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to
the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least 10 days
prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to
be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting or, if not
so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also
be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time
thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.
Section 6. Quorum and Adjournment. The holders of a majority of the
outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote, present in person or
represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the
stockholders, except as otherwise provided by statute or by the certificate of
incorporation. The Chairman of the meeting or a majority of the shares so
represented may adjourn the meeting from time to time, whether or not there is
such a quorum. In no event shall the adjournment of any annual or special
meeting of stockholders commence a new time period for the giving of
stockholder's notice as provided for in either Section 12 of Article II or
Section 5 of Article III of these By-laws. When a specified item of business
requires a vote by a class or series (if the Corporation shall then have
outstanding shares of more than one class or series) voting as a class, the
holders of a majority of the shares of such class or series
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shall constitute a quorum (as to such class or series) for the transaction of
such item of business.
Section 7. Adjourned Meetings. Except as otherwise required by law,
when a meeting is adjourned to another time and place, notice need not be given
of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the
meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the
Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the
original meeting.
Section 8. Vote Required. When a quorum is present, the affirmative
vote of the majority of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the
meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the
stockholders, unless (i) by express provisions of an applicable law or of the
certificate of incorporation a different vote is required, in which case such
express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question, or
(ii) the subject matter is the election of directors, in which case Section 2 of
Article III hereof shall govern and control the approval of such subject matter.
Section 9. Voting Rights. Except as otherwise provided by the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or by the certificate of incorporation
of the Corporation or any amendments thereto and subject to Section 3 of Article
VI hereof, every stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be
entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of common stock held
by such stockholder.
Section 10. Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of
stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him or her
by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from
its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy
shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as
long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an
irrevocable power. A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the
interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an
interest in the Corporation generally. Any proxy is suspended when the person
executing the proxy is present at a meeting of stockholders and elects to vote,
except that when such proxy is coupled with an interest and the fact of the
interest appears on the face of the proxy, the agent named in the proxy shall
have all voting and other rights referred to in the proxy, notwithstanding the
presence of the person executing the proxy. At each meeting of the stockholders,
and before any voting commences, all proxies filed at or before the meeting
shall be submitted to and examined by the secretary or a person designated by
the secretary, and no shares may be represented or voted under a proxy that has
been found to be invalid or irregular.
Section 11. Action by Written Consent. Subject to the rights of the
holders of any series of Preferred Stock, from and after the date on which the
common stock of the corporation is registered under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, any action required or permitted to be taken by the
stockholders of the Corporation must be effected at an annual or special meeting
of stockholders of the Corporation and may not be effected in lieu thereof by
any consent in writing by such stockholders. The calling of special meetings of
the stockholders of the Corporation is governed by Article II, Section 2 hereof.
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Section 12. Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations.
(A) Annual Meetings of Stockholders.
(1) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors
of the Corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the
stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (a) pursuant to
the Corporation's notice of meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors, or (c) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of
record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this By-Law, who is
entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the notice procedures set
forth in this By-Law.
(2) For nominations or other business to be properly brought
before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (c) of paragraph
(A)(1) of this By-Law, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in
writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and such other business must be a
proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder's notice shall
be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the
Corporation not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier
than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of
the preceding year's annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that
the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days
after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so
delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such
annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th
day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which
public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. In no event shall
the public announcement of an adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new
time period for the giving of a stockholder's notice as described above. Such
stockholder's notice shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder
proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director all information
relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of
proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise
required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and Rule 14a-11 thereunder
(including such person's written consent to being named in the proxy statement
as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (b) as to any other
business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief
description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the
reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in
such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose
behalf the proposal is made; and (c) as to the stockholder giving the notice and
the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made
(i) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the
Corporation's books, and of such beneficial owner and (ii) the class and number
of shares of the Corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by such
stockholder and such beneficial owner.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph
(A) (2) of this By- Law to the contrary, in the event that the number of
directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation is
increased and there is no public announcement naming all of the nominees for
director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors made by the
Corporation at least 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding
year's annual
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meeting, a stockholder's notice required by this By- Law shall also be
considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions
created by such increase if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of
business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement is
first made by the Corporation.
(B) Special Meetings of Stockholders.
Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of
stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the
Corporation's notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the
Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which
directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation's notice of meeting (a)
by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (b) by any stockholder of
the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice
provided for in this By-Law, who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and
who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this By-Law. In the event
the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of
electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder
may nominate a person or persons ( as the case may be), for election to such
position(s) as specified in the Corporation's notice of meeting, if the
stockholder's notice required by paragraph (A)(2) of this By-Law shall be
delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation
not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such special
meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day
prior to such special meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public
announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the
nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no
event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of a special meeting
commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder's notice as described
above.
(C) General. (1) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with
the procedures set forth in this By-law shall be eligible to serve as directors
and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall
have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth
in this By-law. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Chairman of the meeting
shall have the power and duty to determine whether any business proposed to be
brought before the meeting was proposed in accordance with the procedures set
forth in this By-law and, if any proposed business is not in compliance with
this By-law, to declare that such defective proposal shall be disregarded.
(2) For purposes of this By-law, "public announcement" shall mean
disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service,
Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document
publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act").
(3) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this By-law, a
stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to
the matters set forth in this By-law. Nothing in this
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By-law shall be deemed to affect any rights (i) of stockholders to
request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation's proxy statement
pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.
Section 13. Inspectors of Elections; Opening and Closing the Polls. The
Board of Directors by resolution shall appoint one or more inspectors, which
inspector or inspectors may include individuals who serve the Corporation in
other capacities, including, without limitation, as officers, employees, agents
or representatives, to act at the meetings of stockholders and make a written
report thereof. One or more persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to
replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate has been
appointed to act or is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the Chairman of
the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each
inspector, before discharging his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath
faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and
according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall have the
duties prescribed by law.
The Chairman of the meeting shall fix and announce at the meeting the
date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon
which the stockholders will vote at the meeting.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation
shall be managed by or under the direction of the board of directors.
Section 2. Number, Election and Term of Office. The number of
directors which shall constitute the first board shall be six. Thereafter, the
number of directors shall be established from time to time by resolution of the
board. The directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares
present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote in
the election of directors; provided that, whenever the holders of any class or
series of capital stock of the Corporation are entitled to elect one or more
directors pursuant to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation of the
Corporation (including, but not limited to, for purposes of these by-laws,
pursuant to any duly authorized certificate of designation), such directors
shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of such class or series present in
person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote in the
election of such directors. The directors shall be elected in this manner at the
annual meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section 4 of this
Article III. Each director elected shall hold office until a successor is duly
elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal
as hereinafter provided.
Section 3. Removal and Resignation. Any director or the entire board
of directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the holders
of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors;
provided, however, that if the holders of any class or series are entitled by
the provisions of the corporation's certificate of incorporation to elect one or
more directors, such director or directors so elected may be removed without
cause only by the vote of the holders of the outstanding shares of that class or
series entitled to vote. Any director
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may resign at any time upon written notice to the corporation.
Section 4. Vacancies. Vacancies and newly created directorships
resulting from any increase in the total number of directors established by the
board pursuant to Section 2 of this Article III may be filled by the affirmative
vote of the majority of the total number of directors then in office, though
less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Each director so chosen
shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his
or her earlier death, resignation or removal as herein provided. Whenever
holders of any class or classes of stock or series thereof are entitled by the
provisions of the certificate of incorporation to elect one or more directors,
vacancies and newly created directorships of such class or classes or series may
only be filled by the affirmative vote of the majority of the total number of
directors elected by such class or classes or series thereof then in office, by
a sole remaining director so elected, or, if no director so elected remains in
office, by the holders of such class or classes of stock or series thereof
entitled to elect such directors.
Section 5. Nominations.
(a) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the
procedures set forth in these by-laws shall be eligible to serve as directors.
Nominations of persons for election to the board of directors of the Corporation
may be made at a meeting of stockholders (i) by or at the direction of the board
of directors or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder
of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this by-law, who is
entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting and who shall have
complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 5.
(b) In order for a stockholder to nominate a person for
election to the board of directors of the Corporation at a meeting of
stockholders, such stockholder shall have delivered timely notice of such
stockholder's intent to make such nomination in writing to the secretary of the
Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to or
mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (i) in
the case of an annual meeting, not less than 90 nor more than 120 days prior to
the first anniversary of the preceding year's annual meeting; provided, however,
that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is changed by more than 30
days from such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be
so received not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the
earlier of the day on which notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or
public disclosure of the meeting was made, and (ii) in the case of a special
meeting at which directors are to be elected, not later than the close of
business on the tenth day following the earlier of the day on which notice of
the date of the meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the meeting was made.
Such stockholder's notice shall set forth (i) as to each person whom the
stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director at such meeting all
information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in
solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in
each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (including such person's written consent to being named in the proxy
statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (ii) as to the
stockholder giving the notice (A) the name and address, as they appear on the
Corporation's books, of such stockholder and (B) the class and number of shares
of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such stockholder and also
which are owned of
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record by such stockholder; and (iii) as to the beneficial owner, if any, on
whose behalf the nomination is made, (A) the name and address of such person and
(B) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially
owned by such person. At the request of the board of directors, any person
nominated by the board of directors for election as a director shall furnish to
the secretary of the Corporation that information required to be set forth in a
stockholder's notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee.
(c) No person shall be eligible to serve as a director of the
Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
Section 5. The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine
and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the
procedures prescribed by this Section 5, and if he should so determine, he shall
so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded. A
stockholder seeking to nominate a person to serve as a director must also comply
with all applicable requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters
set forth in this Section 5.
Section 6. Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of each newly elected
board of directors shall be held without other notice than this by-law
immediately after, and at the same place as, the annual meeting of stockholders.
Section 7. Other Meetings and Notice. Regular meetings, other than the
annual meeting, of the board of directors may be held without notice at such
time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of
the board. Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by the
chairman of the board or, upon the written request of at least a majority of the
directors then in office, the secretary of the Corporation on at least 24 hours
notice to each director, either personally, by telephone, by mail, or by
telegraph.
Section 8. Chairman of the Board, Quorum, Required Vote and
Adjournment. The board of directors shall elect, by the affirmative vote of the
majority of the total number of directors then in office, a chairman of the
board, who shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and board of
directors at which he or she is present. If the chairman of the board is not
present at a meeting of the stockholders or the board of directors, the chief
executive officer (if the chief executive officer is a director and is not also
the chairman of the board) shall preside at such meeting, and, if the chief
executive officer is not present at such meeting, a majority of the directors
present at such meeting shall elect one of their members to so preside. A
majority of the total number of directors then in office shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business, provided that in no event shall a quorum
consist of less than one-third of the total number of directors established by
the board pursuant to Section 2 of this Article III. Unless by express provision
of an applicable law, the Corporation's certificate of incorporation or these
by-laws a different vote is required, the vote of a majority of directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board
of directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the board of
directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to
time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum
shall be present.
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Section 9. Committees. The board of directors may, by resolution
passed by the majority of the total number of directors then in office,
designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of
the directors of the Corporation, which to the extent provided in such
resolution or these by-laws shall have, and may exercise, the powers of the
board of directors in the management and affairs of the Corporation, except as
otherwise limited by law. The board of directors may designate one or more
directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or
disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. Such committee or
committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time
by resolution adopted by the board of directors. Each committee shall keep
regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors
when required.
Section 10. Committee Rules. Each committee of the board of directors
may fix its own rules of procedure and shall hold its meetings as provided by
such rules, except as may otherwise be provided by a resolution of the board of
directors designating such committee. Unless otherwise provided in such a
resolution, the presence of at least a majority of the members of the committee
shall be necessary to constitute a quorum. Unless otherwise provided in such a
resolution, in the event that a member and that member's alternate, if
alternates are designated by the board of directors as provided in Section 9 of
this Article III, of such committee is or are absent or disqualified, the member
or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting,
whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously
appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in place
of any such absent or disqualified member.
Section 11. Communications Equipment. Members of the board of directors
or any committee thereof may participate in and act at any meeting of such board
or committee through the use of a conference telephone or other communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
and speak with each other, and participation in the meeting pursuant to this
section shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
Section 12. Waiver of Notice and Presumption of Assent. Any member of
the board of directors or any committee thereof who is present at a meeting
shall be conclusively presumed to have waived notice of such meeting except when
such member attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the
meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully
called or convened. Such member shall be conclusively presumed to have assented
to any action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the minutes of
the meeting or unless his or her written dissent to such action shall be filed
with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment
thereof or shall be forwarded by registered mail to the secretary of the
Corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to
dissent shall not apply to any member who voted in favor of such action.
Section 13. Action by Written Consent. Unless otherwise restricted by
the certificate of incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken
at any meeting of the board of directors, or of any committee thereof, may be
taken without a meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case
may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with
the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee.
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ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 1. Number. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected by
the board of directors and shall consist of a chief executive officer,
president, one or more vice-presidents, a secretary, a treasurer, and such other
officers and assistant officers as may be deemed necessary or desirable by the
board of directors. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. In its
discretion, the board of directors may choose not to fill any office for any
period as it may deem advisable, except that the offices of chief executive
officer, president and secretary shall be filled as expeditiously as possible.
Section 2. Election and Term of Office. The officers of the Corporation
shall be elected annually by the board of directors at its first meeting held
after each annual meeting of stockholders or as soon thereafter as convenient.
Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and filled at any meeting of the
board of directors. Each officer shall hold office until a successor is duly
elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal
as hereinafter provided.
Section 3. Removal. Any officer or agent elected by the board of
directors may be removed by the board of directors at its discretion, but such
removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person
so removed.
Section 4. Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in any office because of
death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled by the
board of directors.
Section 5. Compensation. Compensation of all officers shall be fixed by
the board of directors, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such
compensation by virtue of his or her also being a director of the Corporation.
Section 6. The Chief Executive Officer. The chief executive officer of
the Corporation shall be the general manager and, subject to the powers of the
board of directors, shall have general charge of the business, affairs and
property of the Corporation, and control over its officers, agents and
employees; and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board of
directors are carried into effect. The chief executive officer shall execute
bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the
Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed
and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be
expressly delegated by the board of directors to some other officer or agent of
the Corporation.
Section 7. The President. The president of the Corporation, subject to
the powers of the board of directors and the chief executive officer, shall be
the chief operating officer of the Corporation and shall be responsible for
directing such operational functions and activities of the Corporation and
performing such duties as are assigned by the Board of Directors or the chief
executive officer. The president shall, in the absence or disability of the
chief executive officer,
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act with all of the powers and be subject to all the restrictions of the chief
executive officer, execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a
seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except where required or permitted by
law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and
execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of directors to some
other officer or agent of the Corporation. The president shall have such other
powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of
directors, the chief executive officer, or as may be provided in these by-laws.
Section 8. Vice-presidents. The vice-president, or if there shall be
more than one, the vice-presidents in the order determined by the board of
directors or by the chief executive officer, shall, in the absence or disability
of the president, act with all of the powers and be subject to all the
restrictions of the president. The vice-presidents shall also perform such other
duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the chief executive
officer, the president or these by-laws may, from time to time, prescribe.
Section 9. The Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The secretary
shall attend all meetings of the board of directors, all meetings of the
committees thereof and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the
proceedings of the meetings in a book or books to be kept for that purpose or
shall ensure that its designee attends each such meeting to act in such
capacity. The secretary shall give, or cause to be given, all notices required
to be given by these by-laws or by law; shall have such powers and perform such
duties as the board of directors or the chief executive officer or these by-laws
may, from time to time, prescribe; and shall have custody of the corporate seal
of the Corporation. The secretary, or an assistant secretary, shall have
authority to affix the corporate seal to any instrument requiring it and when so
affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such
assistant secretary. The board of directors may give general authority to any
other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by
his or her signature. The assistant secretary, or if there be more than one, any
of the assistant secretaries, shall in the absence or disability of the
secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall
perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors,
the chief executive officer, or secretary may, from time to time, prescribe.
Section 10. The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer. The treasurer shall
have the custody of the corporate funds and securities; shall keep full and
accurate all books and accounts of the Corporation as shall be necessary or
desirable in accordance with applicable law or generally accepted accounting
principles; shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and
to the credit of the Corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors;
shall cause the funds of the Corporation to be disbursed when such disbursements
have been duly authorized, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements; and
shall render to the chief executive officer and the board of directors, at its
regular meeting or when the board of directors so requires, an account of the
Corporation; shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of
directors, the chief executive officer or these by-laws may, from time to time,
prescribe. Unless otherwise designated by the board of directors, the treasurer
shall be the chief financial officer of the Corporation. If required by the
board of directors, the treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond (which shall
be rendered every six years) in such sums and with such surety or sureties as
shall be satisfactory to the board of directors for the faithful performance of
the duties of the
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office of treasurer and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of
death, resignation, retirement, or removal from office, of all books, papers,
vouchers, money, and other property of whatever kind in the possession or under
the control of the treasurer belonging to the Corporation. The assistant
treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, any of the assistant treasurers,
shall in the absence or disability of the treasurer, perform the duties and
exercise the powers of the treasurer. The assistant treasurers shall perform
such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the
chief executive officer, the president or treasurer may, from time to time,
prescribe.
Section 11. Other Officers, Assistant Officers and Agents. Officers,
assistant officers and agents, if any, other than those whose duties are
provided for in these by-laws, shall have such authority and perform such duties
as may from time to time be prescribed by resolution of the board of directors.
Section 12. Absence or Disability of Officers. In the case of the
absence or disability of any officer of the Corporation and of any person hereby
authorized to act in such officer's place during such officer's absence or
disability, the board of directors may by resolution delegate the powers and
duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director, or to any other
person selected by it.
ARTICLE V
INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND OTHERS
Section 1. Nature of Indemnity. Each person who was or is made a party
or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
(hereinafter a "proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a
director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of
the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of another
corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall
be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent which
it is empowered to do so under the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware or any other applicable law against all expense, liability and loss
(including attorneys' fees actually and reasonably incurred by such person in
connection with such proceeding); provided, however, that, except as provided in
Section 2 hereof, the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking
indemnification in connection with a proceeding initiated by such person only if
such proceeding was authorized by the board of directors of the Corporation. The
Corporation may, by action of its board of directors, provide indemnification to
employees and agents of the Corporation with the same scope and effect as the
foregoing indemnification of directors and officers.
Section 2. Procedure for Indemnification. Any indemnification of a
director or officer of the Corporation under Section 1 of this Article V or
advance of expenses under Section 5 of this Article V shall be made promptly,
and in any event within 30 days, upon the written request of the director or
officer. If a determination by the Corporation that the director or officer is
entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article V is required, and the
Corporation fails to respond
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within sixty days to a written request for indemnity, the Corporation shall be
deemed to have approved the request. If the Corporation denies a written request
for indemnification or advancing of expenses, in whole or in part, or if payment
in full pursuant to such request is not made within 30 days, the right to
indemnification or advances as granted by this Article V shall be enforceable by
the director or officer in any court of competent jurisdiction. Such person's
costs and expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his or
her right to indemnification, in whole or in part, in any such action shall also
be indemnified by the Corporation. It shall be a defense to any such action
(other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in
defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the
undertaking required pursuant to Section 5 of this Article V, if any, has been
tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of
conduct which make it permissible under the General Corporation Law of the State
of Delaware for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount
claimed, but the burden of such defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the
failure of the Corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal
counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the
commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in
the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct
set forth in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, nor an actual
determination by the Corporation (including its board of directors, independent
legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such
applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a
presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
The procedure for indemnification of other employees and agents for whom
indemnification is provided pursuant to Section 1 of this Article V shall be the
same procedure set forth in this Section 2 for directors or officers, unless
otherwise set forth in the action of the board of directors providing
indemnification for such employee or agent.
Section 3. Article Not Exclusive. The rights to indemnification and the
payment of expenses incurred in defending a proceeding in advance of its final
disposition conferred in this Article V shall not be exclusive of any other
right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute,
provision of the certificate of incorporation, by-law, agreement, vote of
stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
Section 4. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain
insurance on its own behalf and on behalf of any person who is or was a
director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of the Corporation or was
serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or
agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him
or her in any such capacity, whether or not the Corporation would have the power
to indemnify such person against such liability under this Article V.
Section 5. Expenses. Expenses incurred by any director or officer in
defending a proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of such
proceeding's final disposition upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of
the director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be
determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation.
Such expenses incurred by other employees and agents for whom identification is
provided pursuant to Section 1 of this Article V may be so paid upon such terms
and conditions, if any, as the board of directors deems appropriate.
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Section 6. Contract Rights. The provisions of this Article V shall be
deemed to be a contract right between the Corporation and each director or
officer who serves in any such capacity at any time while this Article V and the
relevant provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or
other applicable law are in effect, and any repeal or modification of this
Article V or any such law shall not affect any rights or obligations then
existing with respect to any state of facts or proceeding then existing.
Section 7. Merger or Consolidation. For purposes of this Article V,
references to "the Corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting
corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a
constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate
existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its
directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or
was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director,
officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this Article V
with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would have
with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had
continued.
ARTICLE VI
CERTIFICATES OF STOCK
Section 1. Form. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be
entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by
the chief executive officer, president or a vice-president and the secretary or
an assistant secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned
by such holder in the Corporation. If such a certificate is countersigned (1) by
a transfer agent or an assistant transfer agent other than the Corporation or
its employee or (2) by a registrar, other than the Corporation or its employee,
the signature of any such chief executive officer, president, vice-president,
secretary, or assistant secretary may be facsimiles. In case any officer or
officers who have signed, or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been
used on, any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be such officer or
officers of the Corporation whether because of death, resignation or otherwise
before such certificate or certificates have been delivered by the Corporation,
such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be issued and delivered as
though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or
whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used thereon had not ceased to
be such officer or officers of the Corporation. All certificates for shares
shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified. The name of the person
to whom the shares represented thereby are issued, with the number of shares and
date of issue, shall be entered on the books of the Corporation. Shares of stock
of the Corporation shall only be transferred on the books of the Corporation by
the holder of record thereof or by such holder's attorney duly authorized in
writing, upon surrender to the Corporation of the certificate or certificates
for such shares endorsed by the appropriate person or persons, with such
evidence of the authenticity of such endorsement, transfer, authorization, and
other matters as the Corporation may reasonably require, and accompanied by all
necessary stock transfer stamps. In that event, it shall be the duty of the
Corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel
the old
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certificate or certificates, and record the transaction on its books. The board
of directors may appoint a bank or trust company organized under the laws of the
United States or any state thereof to act as its transfer agent or registrar, or
both in connection with the transfer of any class or series of securities of the
Corporation.
Section 2. Lost Certificates. The board of directors may direct a new
certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or
certificates previously issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost,
stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person
claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed. When
authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Corporation
may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof,
require the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or
certificates, or his or her legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond
sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made
against the Corporation on account of the loss, theft or destruction of any such
certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.
Section 3. Fixing a Record Date for Stockholder Meetings. In order that
the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote
at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the board of
directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of
directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten
days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the board of
directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or
to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the close of business on the next
day preceding the day on which notice is first given. A determination of
stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however,
that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
Section 4. Fixing a Record Date for Action by Written Consent. In order
that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to
corporate action in writing without a meeting, the board of directors may fix a
record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the
resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and
which date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon which the
resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors. If no
record date has been fixed by the board of directors, the record date for
determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is required by
statute, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth
the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation by
delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place
of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the
books in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery
made to the Corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or
registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date has been fixed by
the board of directors and prior action by the board of directors is required by
statute, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to
corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business
on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution taking such
prior action. The provisions of this Section 4 are subject to the provisions of
Section 11 of Article II
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hereof.
Section 5. Fixing a Record Date for Other Purposes. In order that the
Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any
dividend or other distribution or allotment or any rights or the stockholders
entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange
of stock, or for the purposes of any other lawful action, the board of directors
may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which
the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be
not more than sixty days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the
record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the
close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the
resolution relating thereto.
Section 6. Registered Stockholders. Prior to the surrender to the
Corporation of the certificate or certificates for a share or shares of stock
with a request to record the transfer of such share or shares, the Corporation
may treat the registered owner as the person entitled to receive dividends, to
vote, to receive notifications, and otherwise to exercise all the rights and
powers of an owner. The Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any
equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of
any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof.
Section 7. Subscriptions for Stock. Unless otherwise provided for in
the subscription agreement, subscriptions for shares shall be paid in full at
such time, or in such installments and at such times, as shall be determined by
the board of directors. Any call made by the board of directors for payment on
subscriptions shall be uniform as to all shares of the same class or as to all
shares of the same series. In case of default in the payment of any installment
or call when such payment is due, the Corporation may proceed to collect the
amount due in the same manner as any debt due the Corporation.
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the
Corporation, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, if
any, may be declared by the board of directors at any regular or special
meeting, in accordance with applicable law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in
property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the
certificate of incorporation. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set
aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or
sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think
proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing
dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or
any other purpose and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in
the manner in which it was created.
Section 2. Checks, Drafts or Orders. All checks, drafts, or other
orders for the payment of money by or to the Corporation and all notes and other
evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed
by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the
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Corporation, and in such manner, as shall be determined by resolution of the
board of directors or a duly authorized committee thereof.
Section 3. Contracts. In addition to the powers otherwise granted to
officers pursuant to Article IV hereof, the board of directors may authorize any
officer or officers, or any agent or agents, of the Corporation to enter into
any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on
behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to
specific instances.
Section 4. Loans. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the
Corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise
assist any officer or other employee of the Corporation or of its subsidiaries,
including any officer or employee who is a director of the Corporation or its
subsidiaries, whenever, in the judgment of the directors, such loan, guaranty or
assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the Corporation. The loan,
guaranty or other assistance may be with or without interest, and may be
unsecured or secured in such manner as the board of directors shall approve,
including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the Corporation.
Nothing in this section contained shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the
powers of guaranty or warranty of the Corporation at common law or under any
statute.
Section 5. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the
calendar year, unless otherwise fixed by resolution of the board of directors.
Section 6. Corporate Seal. The board of directors shall provide a
corporate seal which shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed
thereon the name of the Corporation and the words "Corporate Seal, Delaware."
The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or
affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
Section 7. Representation of Shares of Other Corporations. The Chairman
of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, or the Secretary of this Corporation are
authorized to: (a) vote, represent and exercise on behalf of this Corporation
all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or
corporations standing in the name of this Corporation; (b) vote as the sole
shareholder or take any other action as the sole shareholder including, but not
limited to the authority to amend the bylaws of any wholly-owned subsidiary of
the Corporation, and (c) vote or take any other action for any other corporation
unless the board of directors specifically confers authority to vote with
respect thereto, which authority may be general or confined to specific
instances, upon some other person or officer. The authority herein granted to
said officers to vote or represent on behalf of this Corporation any and all
shares held by this corporation in any other corporation or corporations,
including wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Corporation may be exercised either
by such officers in person or by any person authorized so to do by proxy or
power of attorney duly exercised by said officer(s). Nothing herein will affect
the authority of this Corporation to assign, grant or otherwise convey the
authority to vote or present on behalf of this Corporation any of such shares to
any other person.
Section 8. Inspection of Books and Records. Any stockholder of record,
in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon written demand under oath
stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the usual hours for business
to inspect for any proper purpose the Corporation's
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stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records, and
to make copies or extracts therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean any purpose
reasonably related to such person's interest as a stockholder. In every instance
where an attorney or other agent shall be the person who seeks the right to
inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or
such other writing which authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on
behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to the
Corporation at its registered office in the State of Delaware or at its
principal place of business. The Corporation shall have a reasonable amount of
time to respond to any such request.
Section 9. Section Headings. Section headings in these by-laws are for
convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect in
limiting or otherwise construing any provision herein.
Section 10. Inconsistent Provisions. In the event that any provision of
these by-laws is or becomes inconsistent with any provision of the certificate
of incorporation, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any
other applicable law, the provision of these by-laws shall not be given any
effect to the extent of such inconsistency but shall otherwise be given full
force and effect.
ARTICLE VIII
AMENDMENTS
These by-laws may be amended, altered, or repealed and new by-laws
adopted at any meeting of the board of directors by the affirmative vote of the
majority of the total number of directors then in office. The fact that the
power to adopt, amend, alter, or repeal the by-laws has been conferred upon the
board of directors shall not divest the stockholders of such powers. Any
alteration or repeal of these by-laws by the stockholders shall require the
affirmative vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the corporation
entitled to vote on such alteration or repeal.
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