Exhibit 3.3
BYLAWS
OF
CHEAP TICKETS, INC.
a Delaware corporation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ARTICLE I OFFICES.......................................................................... 1
Section 1.1 Registered Office........................................................... 1
Section 1.2 Other Offices............................................................... 1
ARTICLE II STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS.......................................................... 1
Section 2.1 Place of Meetings........................................................... 1
Section 2.2 Annual Meetings............................................................. 1
Section 2.3 Special Meetings............................................................ 2
Section 2.4 Notice of Meetings.......................................................... 2
Section 2.5 Quorum and Voting........................................................... 3
Section 2.6 Voting Rights............................................................... 3
Section 2.7 Auditor..................................................................... 4
Section 2.8 List of Stockholders........................................................ 5
Section 2.9 Stockholder Proposals at Annual Meetings.................................... 5
Section 2.10 Nominations of Persons for Election to the Board of Directors.............. 6
Section 2.11 Action Without Meeting..................................................... 7
ARTICLE III DIRECTORS...................................................................... 7
Section 3.1 Number and Term of Office................................................... 7
Section 3.2 Powers...................................................................... 7
Section 3.3 Vacancies................................................................... 7
Section 3.4 Resignations and Removals................................................... 8
Section 3.5 Meetings.................................................................... 8
Section 3.6 Quorum and Voting........................................................... 9
Section 3.7 Action Without Meeting...................................................... 9
Section 3.8 Fees and Compensation....................................................... 9
Section 3.9 Committees.................................................................. 9
ARTICLE IV OFFICERS........................................................................ 11
Section 4.1 Officers Designated......................................................... 11
Section 4.2 Tenure and Duties of Officers............................................... 11
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ARTICLE V EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS, AND VOTING OF
SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION........................................................ 12
Section 5.1 Execution of Corporate Instruments.......................................... 12
Section 5.2 Voting of Securities Owned by Corporation................................... 13
ARTICLE VI SHARES OF STOCK................................................................. 13
Section 6.1 Form and Execution of Certificates.......................................... 13
Section 6.2 Lost Certificates........................................................... 14
Section 6.3 Transfers................................................................... 14
Section 6.4 Transfer Agent.............................................................. 14
Section 6.5 Fixing Record Dates......................................................... 14
Section 6.6 Registered Stockholders..................................................... 15
ARTICLE VII NEW SHARES..................................................................... 16
Section 7.1 Pre-emptive Rights.......................................................... 16
Section 7.2 Terms and Fractional Shares................................................. 16
Section 7.3 Excess Shares............................................................... 16
ARTICLE VIII OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION........................................... 16
ARTICLE IX CORPORATE SEAL.................................................................. 17
ARTICLE X INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES
AND AGENTS................................................................................. 17
Section 10.1 Right to Indemnification................................................... 17
Section 10.2 Authority to Advance Expenses.............................................. 18
Section 10.3 Right of Claimant to Bring Suit............................................ 18
Section 10.4 Provisions Nonexclusive.................................................... 18
Section 10.5 Authority to Insure........................................................ 19
Section 10.6 Survival of Rights......................................................... 19
Section 10.7 Settlement of Claims....................................................... 19
Section 10.8 Effect of Amendment........................................................ 19
Section 10.9 Subrogation................................................................ 19
Section 10.10 No Duplication of Payments................................................ 19
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ARTICLE XI NOTICES......................................................................... 20
ARTICLE XII FISCAL YEAR.................................................................... 21
ARTICLE XIII AMENDMENTS.................................................................... 21
iii
BYLAWS
OF
CHEAP TICKETS, INC.
ARTICLE I
Offices
Section 1.1 Registered Office.
The registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware shall be
in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle.
Section 1.2 Other Offices.
The corporation may also have offices at such other places, both within and
without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time
determine or the business of the corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
Stockholders' Meetings
Section 2.1 Place of Meetings.
Meetings of the stockholders of the corporation shall be held at such
place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated from
time to time by the Board of Directors, or, if not so designated, then at the
office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of
Article I hereof.
Section 2.2 Annual Meetings.
The annual meetings of the stockholders of the corporation, commencing with
the year 1998, for the purpose of election of directors and for such other
business as may lawfully come before it, shall be held on such date and at such
time within ninety (90) days following the close of each fiscal year as may be
designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, or, if not so
designated, then, unless the Chairman of the Board or the President designates
some other date, the annual meeting for that year shall be held on the fourth
(4th) Thursday in the third month following the close of the fiscal year.
Section 2.3 Special Meetings.
Special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be called, for
any purpose or purposes, by the Chairman of the Board or the President or any
two directors at any time. Upon written request of any stockholder or
stockholders holding in the aggregate one-fourth (25%) of the voting power of
all stockholders delivered in person or sent by registered mail to the Chairman
of the Board, President or Secretary of the Corporation. Upon request of such
call or written request, the Secretary shall call a special meeting of
stockholders to be held at the office of the corporation required to be
maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of Article I hereof at such time as the
Secretary may fix.
Section 2.4 Notice of Meetings.
(a) Except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of
Incorporation, written notice of each meeting of stockholders, specifying the
place, date and hour, purpose or purposes and authority for the call of the
meeting, shall be given not less than three (3) nor more than sixty (60) days
before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat.
(b) If at any meeting action is proposed to be taken which, if taken, would
entitle stockholders fulfilling the requirements of section 262(d) of the
Delaware General Corporation Law to an appraisal of the fair value of their
shares, the notice of such meeting shall contain a statement of that purpose and
to that effect and shall be accompanied by a copy of that statutory section.
(c) When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not
be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at
the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. Such adjournment may be to such
time and to such place as shall be determined by a majority vote of the
stockholders present.
(d) Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders
may be waived in writing, either before or after such meeting, and to the extent
permitted by law, will be waived by any stockholder by his attendance thereat,
in person or by proxy. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall
be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as if due notice
thereof had been given.
(e) Unless and until voted, every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure
of the person who executed it or of his legal representatives or assigns, except
in those cases where an irrevocable proxy permitted by statute has been given.
Section 2.5 Quorum and Voting.
(a) At all meetings of stockholders, except where otherwise provided by
law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, the presence, in person
or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding
shares of stock entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction
of business and the concurring vote of the holders of a majority of the shares
of such stock constituting a quorum shall be valid and binding upon the
corporation. Shares, the voting of which at said meeting have been enjoined, or
which for any reason cannot be lawfully voted at such meeting, shall not be
counted to determine a quorum at said meeting. In the absence of a quorum, any
meeting of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, by vote of the
holders of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business
shall be transacted at such meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum
is present or represented any business may be transacted which might have been
transacted at the original meeting. The stockholders present at a duly called or
convened meeting, at which a quorum is present, may continue to transact
business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough
stockholders to leave less than a quorum.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation
or these Bylaws, when seventy-five percent (75%) of the stockholders entitled to
vote at any meeting sign, by themselves or their proxies or other authorized
representatives, a written consent or approval on the record of such meeting,
however called or notified, the doings of such meeting shall be valid.
(c) Where a separate vote by a class or classes is required, a majority of
the outstanding shares of such class or classes, present in person or
represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with
respect to that vote on that matter and the affirmative vote of the majority of
shares of such class or classes present in person or represented by proxy at the
meeting shall be the act of such class.
Section 2.6 Voting Rights.
(a) Except as otherwise provided by law, only persons in whose names shares
entitled to vote stand on the stock records of the corporation on the record
date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting shall be
entitled to vote at such meeting. A personal representative, guardian or trustee
may vote the stock of the corporation held by him, in person or by proxy, at any
meeting of the corporation, whether or not such stock shall have been
transferred to his name on the books of the corporation. In case the stock shall
not have been so transferred to his name on the books of the corporation, he
shall satisfy the Secretary that he is the executor, administrator, guardian or
trustee holding such stock in such capacity, and to this end, the Secretary may
require him to file with the corporation a certified copy of his letters as such
executor, administrator or guardian of his appointment or authority as trustee
before he is permitted to vote in the manner described heretofore. Shares
standing in the names of two or more persons shall be voted or represented in
accordance with the determination of the majority of such persons, or, if only
one of such persons is present in person or represented by proxy, such person
shall have the right to vote such shares and such shares shall be deemed to be
represented for the purpose of determining a quorum.
(b) Every person entitled to vote or execute consents shall have the right
to do so either in person or by an agent or agents authorized by a written proxy
executed by such person or his duly authorized agent, which proxy shall be filed
with the Secretary of the corporation at or before the meeting at which it is to
be used. Said proxy so appointed need not be a
stockholder. No proxy shall be voted on after eleven (11) months from its date
unless the proxy provides for a longer period.
(c) Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder may authorize
another person or persons to act for him as proxy pursuant to subsection (b) of
this section, the following shall constitute a valid means by which a
stockholder may grant such authority:
(1) A stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or
persons to act for him as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the
stockholder or his authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing such
writing or causing his or her signature to be affixed to such writing by any
reasonable means including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature.
(2) A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for
him as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telegram,
cablegram, or other means of electronic transmission to the person who will be
the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service
organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder
of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such telegram,
cablegram or other means of electronic transmission must either set forth or be
submitted with information from which it can be determined that the telegram,
cablegram or other electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. If
it is determined that such telegrams, cablegrams or other electronic
transmissions are valid, the inspectors or, if there are no inspectors, such
other persons making that determination shall specify the information upon which
they relied.
(d) Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of
the writing or transmission created pursuant to subsection (c) of this section
may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for
any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be
used, provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction
shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission.
Section 2.7 Auditor.
(a) The stockholders may at any annual meeting, or at any special meeting
called for that purpose, appoint some person, firm or corporation engaged in the
business of auditing to act as the auditor of the corporation.
(b) No director or officer shall be eligible to serve as auditor of the
corporation.
(c) The auditor shall, at least once in each fiscal year and more often if
required by the stockholders, examine the books and papers of the corporation
and compare the statements of the Chief Financial Officer with the books and
vouchers of the corporation, and otherwise make a complete audit of the books of
the corporation, and thereafter make appropriate reports to stockholders.
Section 2.8 List of Stockholders.
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall
prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in
alphabetical order, showing the address of and the number of shares registered
in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of
any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary
business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting,
either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held and which
place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not specified, at
the place where said meeting is to be held, and the list shall be produced and
kept at the time and place of meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be
inspected by any stockholder who is present.
Section 2.9 Stockholder Proposals at Annual Meetings.
At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be
conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be
properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be specified in the
notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of
the Board of Directors, otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at
the direction of the Board of Directors or otherwise properly brought before the
meeting by a stockholder. In addition to any other applicable requirements, for
business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the
stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of
the corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be delivered to or
mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation, not
less than thirty (30) days nor more than sixty (60) days prior to the meeting;
provided, however, that in the event that less than forty (40) days' notice or
prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to
stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not
later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on
which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public
disclosure was made. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth as
to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, (i)
a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual
meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii)
the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii)
the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned
by the stockholder, and (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such
business.
Notwithstanding anything in the Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall
be conducted at the annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set
forth in this Section 2.9, provided, however, that nothing in this Section 2.9
shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any business
properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with said procedure.
The Chairman of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine
and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the
meeting in accordance with the
provisions of this Section 2.9, and if he should so determine, he shall so
declare to the meeting and any such business not properly brought before the
meeting shall not be transacted.
Section 2.10 Nominations of Persons for Election to the Board of Directors.
In addition to any other applicable requirements, only persons who are
nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for
election as directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of
Directors of the corporation may be made at a meeting of stockholders by or at
the direction of the Board of Directors, by any nominating committee or person
appointed by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder of the corporation
entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting who complies with
the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.10. Such nominations, other
than those made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made
pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be
timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to or mailed and received at
the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than thirty (30)
days nor more than sixty (60) days prior to the meeting; provided, however, that
in the event that less than forty (40) days' notice or prior public disclosure
of the date of the meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice by the
stockholder to be timely must be so received not later than the close of
business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the
date of the meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made. Such
stockholder's notice shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder
proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director, (i) the name,
age, business address and residence address of the person, (ii) the principal
occupation or employment of the person, (iii) the class and number of shares of
the corporation which are beneficially owned by the person, and (iv) any other
information relating to the person that is required to be disclosed in
solicitations for proxies for election of directors pursuant to Rule 14a under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (b) as to the stockholder
giving the notice, (i) the name and record address of the stockholder, and (ii)
the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned
by the stockholder. The corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish
such other information as may reasonably be required by the corporation to
determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the
corporation. No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the
corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth herein.
These provisions shall not apply to nomination of any persons entitled to be
separately elected by holders of preferred stock.
The Chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and
declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the
foregoing procedure, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the
meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
Section 2.11 Action Without Meeting.
Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action
required by statute to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders
of the corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special
meeting of such stockholders, may be taken
without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or
consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, are signed by all the
holders of outstanding stock who would have been entitled to vote upon the
action if such meeting were held. To be effective, a written consent must be
delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware,
its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation
having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are
recorded. Delivery made to a corporation's registered office shall be by hand or
by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Every written consent
shall bear the date of signature of each stockholder who signs the consent and
no written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to
therein unless, within sixty (60) days of the earliest dated consent delivered
in the manner required by this Section to the corporation, written consents
signed by a sufficient number of holders to take action are delivered to the
corporation in accordance with this Section.
ARTICLE III
Directors
Section 3.1 Number and Term of Office.
The number of directors which shall constitute the whole of the Board of
Directors shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors. With the
exception of the first Board of Directors, which shall be elected by the
incorporators, and except as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation in
Section 3.3 of this Article III, the directors shall be elected by a plurality
vote of the shares represented in person or by proxy, at the stockholders annual
meeting in each year and entitled to vote on the election of directors. Except
as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, elected directors shall hold
office until the next annual meeting and until their successors shall be duly
elected and qualified. Directors need not be stockholders. If, for any cause,
the Board of Directors shall not have been elected at an annual meeting, they
may be elected as soon thereafter as convenient at a special meeting of the
stockholders called for that purpose in the manner provided in these Bylaws.
Section 3.2 Powers.
The powers of the corporation shall be exercised, its business conducted
and its property controlled by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
Section 3.3 Vacancies.
Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in
the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors
then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director,
and each director so elected shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the
term of the director whose place shall be vacant, and until his successor shall
have been duly elected and qualified. A vacancy in the Board of Directors shall
be deemed to exist under this Section in the case of the death, removal or
resignation of any director, or if the stockholders fail at any meeting of
stockholders at which directors are to be elected
(including any meeting referred to in Section 3.4 below) to elect the number of
directors then constituting the whole Board.
Section 3.4 Resignations and Removals.
(a) Any director may resign at any time by delivering his written
resignation to the Secretary, such resignation to specify whether it will be
effective at a particular time, upon receipt by the Secretary or at the pleasure
of the Board of Directors. If no such specification is made it shall be deemed
effective at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. When one or more directors
shall resign from the Board, effective at a future date, a majority of the
directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power
to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such
resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen
shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose
place shall be vacated and until his successor shall have been duly elected and
qualified.
(b) Unless otherwise restricted by statute, by the Corporation's
Certificate of Incorporation, as ameded or restated, or by these Bylaws, the
stockholders may at any special meeting the notice of which shall state that it
is called for that purpose, remove, with or without cause, any director and fill
the vacancy.
Section 3.5 Meetings.
(a) The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately
after the annual stockholders' meeting and at the place where such meeting is
held or at the place announced by the Chairman at such meeting. No notice of an
annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be necessary and such meeting
shall be held for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other
business as may lawfully come before it.
(b) Except as hereinafter otherwise provided, regular meetings of the
Board of Directors shall be held in such places and at such times as the Board
of Directors may from time to time by vote determine and when any such meeting
or meetings shall be so determined, no further notice thereof shall be required.
(c) Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and
place within or without the State of Delaware whenever called by the Chairman of
the Board, the President, Chief Operating Officer, any Vice-President or by any
two directors. Notice of a special meeting shall be given 24 hours prior to the
holding of such special meeting.
(d) Notice of any meeting may be waived in writing at any time before or
after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat.
Section 3.6 Quorum and Voting.
(a) A quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist of a majority of the
exact number of directors fixed from time to time in accordance with Section 3.1
of Article III of these Bylaws, but not less than one; provided, however, at any
meeting whether a quorum be present
or otherwise, the presiding officer or a majority of the directors present may
adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of
the Board of Directors or when a quorum shall be present, without notice other
than by announcement at the meeting.
(b) At each meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present all
questions and business shall be determined by a vote of a majority of the
directors present, unless a different vote be required by law, the Certificate
of Incorporation, or these Bylaws.
(c) Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may
participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone or similar
communication equipment by means of which all persons participating in the
meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting by such means shall
constitute presence in person at such meeting.
(d) The transactions of any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any
committee thereof, however called or noticed, or wherever held, shall be as
valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if all
of the directors shall be present or shall waive notice of such meeting by a
writing filed with the records of the Board of Directors, or after any such
meeting shall express consent to the holding of the meeting and all actions
taken thereat by a writing on or filed with the records of the Board of
Directors. Non-receipt of any notice shall not invalidate any business done at
any meeting at which a quorum is present. All such waivers, consents or
approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the
minutes of the meeting.
Section 3.7 Action Without Meeting.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these
Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board
of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all
members of the Board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto
in writing, and such writing or writings are filed with the minutes of
proceedings of the Board or committee.
Section 3.8 Fees and Compensation.
Directors and members of committees may receive such compensation, if any,
for their services, and such reimbursement for expenses, as may be fixed or
determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 3.9 Committees.
(a) Committees: The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a
majority of the whole Board, from time to time appoint such committees as may be
permitted by law. Such committees appointed by the Board of Directors shall
have such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the resolution
or resolutions creating such committee, but in no event shall any such committee
have the powers to declare and pay dividends, fill vacancies in the Board of
Directors or exercise those powers reserved to the Board of Directors by statute
or
otherwise. The Board of Directors may also appoint a general manager for the
corporation and define his duties.
(b) Term: Except as provided for in the Certificate of Incorporation, the
members of all committees of the Board of Directors shall serve a term
coexistent with that of the Board of Directors which shall have appointed such
committee. The Board, subject to the provisions of subsections (a) of this
Section 3.9, may at any time increase or decrease the number of members of a
committee or terminate the existence of a committee; provided, that no committee
shall consist of less than one member. The membership of a committee member
shall terminate on the date of his death or voluntary resignation, but the Board
may at any time for any reason remove any individual committee member and the
Board may fill any committee vacancy created by death, resignation, removal or
increase in the number of members of the committee. The Board of Directors may
designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may
replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee, and,
in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any member of a committee,
the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from
voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint
another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of
any such absent or disqualified member.
(c) Meetings: Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide,
regular meetings of any committee appointed pursuant to this Section 3.9 shall
be held at such times and places as are determined by the Board of Directors, or
by any such committee, and when notice thereof has been given to each member of
such committee, no further notice of such regular meetings need be given
thereafter; special meetings of any committee may be held at the principal
office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of
Article I hereof; or at any place which has been designated from time to time by
resolution of such committee or by written consent of all members thereof, and
may be called by any director who is a member of such committee, upon written
notice to the members of such committee of the time and place of such special
meeting given in the manner provided for the giving of written notice to members
of the Board of Directors of the time and place of special meetings of the Board
of Directors. Notice of any special meeting of any committee may be waived in
writing at any time after the meeting and will be waived by any director by
attendance thereat. A majority of the authorized number of members of any such
committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act
of a majority of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall
be the act of such committee.
ARTICLE IV
Officers
Section 4.1 Officers Designated.
The officers of the corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer,
President, Chief Operating Officer, one or more Vice-Presidents, a Secretary,
and a Chief Financial Officer. The Board of Directors or the President may also
appoint a Chairman of the Board, assistant
secretaries, assistant treasurers, and such other officers and agents with such
powers and duties as it or he shall deem necessary. The order of the seniority
of the Vice- Presidents shall be in the order of their nomination, unless
otherwise determined by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may
assign such additional titles to one or more of the officers as they shall deem
appropriate. Any one person may hold any number of offices of the corporation at
any one time unless specifically prohibited therefrom by law. The salaries and
other compensation of the officers of the corporation shall be fixed by or in
the manner designated by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.2 Tenure and Duties of Officers.
(a) General: All officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board
of Directors and until their successors shall have been duly elected and
qualified, unless sooner removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board
of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. If the office
of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the
Board of Directors. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be construed as creating any
kind of contractual right to employment with the corporation.
(b) Duties of the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive
Officer: The Chairman of the Board of Directors (if there be such an officer
appointed) shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and, when
present, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of
Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall perform such other
duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from
time to time.
(c) Duties of President: The President shall be the chief executive
officer of the corporation in the absence of the Chairman of the Board and Chief
Executive Officer and shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and at
all meetings of the Board of Directors, unless the Chairman of the Board of
Directors and Chief Executive Officer has been appointed and is present. The
President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the
Board of Directors shall designate from time to time.
(d) Duties of Chief Operating Officer: The Chief Operating Officer shall
assume and perform the duties of the President in the absence or disability of
the President or whenever the office of the President is vacant. The Chief
Operating Officer shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as
the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time.
(e) Duties of Vice-Presidents: The Vice-Presidents, in the order of their
seniority, may assume and perform the duties of the Chief Operating Officer in
the absence or disability of the Chief Operating Officer or whenever the office
of the Chief Operating Officer is vacant. The Vice-President shall perform such
other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the
President shall designate from time to time.
(f) Duties of Secretary: The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
stockholders and of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof, and shall
record all acts and proceedings thereof in the minute book of the corporation.
The Secretary shall give notice, in
conformity with these Bylaws, of all meetings of the stockholders, and of all
meetings of the Board of Directors and any Committee thereof requiring notice.
The Secretary shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the
Board of Directors shall designate from time to time. The President may direct
any Assistant Secretary to assume and perform the duties of the Secretary in the
absence or disability of the Secretary, and each Assistant Secretary shall
perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors
or the President shall designate from time to time.
(g) Duties of Chief Financial Officer: The Chief Financial Officer shall
keep or cause to be kept the books of account of the corporation in a thorough
and proper manner, and shall render statements of the financial affairs of the
corporation in such form and as often as required by the Board of Directors or
the President. The Chief Financial Officer, subject to the order of the Board of
Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the
corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all other duties commonly
incident to his office and shall perform such other duties and have such other
powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to
time. The President may direct any Assistant Treasurer to assume and perform the
duties of the Chief Financial Officer in the absence or disability of the Chief
Financial Officer, and each Assistant Treasurer shall perform such other duties
and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall
designate from time to time.
ARTICLE V
Execution of Corporate Instruments, and
Voting of Securities Owned by the Corporation
Section 5.1 Execution of Corporate Instruments.
(a) The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method
and designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to
execute any corporate instrument or document, or to sign the corporate name
without limitation, except where otherwise provided by law, and such execution
or signature shall be binding upon the corporation.
(b) Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Board of Directors or
otherwise required by law, formal contracts of the corporation, promissory
notes, deeds of trust, mortgages and other evidences of indebtedness of the
corporation, and other corporate instruments or documents requiring the
corporate seal, and certificates of shares of stock owned by the corporation,
shall be executed, signed or endorsed by the Chairman of the Board (if there be
such an officer appointed) or by the President; such documents may also be
executed by any Vice-President and by the Secretary or Chief Financial Officer
or any Assistant Secretary or Assistant Treasurer. All other instruments and
documents requiring the corporate signature, but not requiring the corporate
seal, may be executed as aforesaid or in such other manner as may be directed by
the Board of Directors.
(c) All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to
the credit of the corporation, or in special accounts of the corporation, shall
be signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so
to do.
(d) The Board of Directors may provide for the execution of checks or
dividend warrants by the printed, lithographed or engraved facsimile signature
or signatures of the person or persons authorized to sign checks or dividend
warrants.
Section 5.2 Voting of Securities Owned by Corporation.
All stock and other securities of other corporations owned or held by the
corporation for itself, or for other parties in any capacity, shall be voted,
and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized
so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such
authorization, by the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer
appointed), or by the President, or by any Vice-President.
ARTICLE VI
Shares of Stock
Section 6.1 Form and Execution of Certificates.
Certificates for the shares of stock of the corporation shall be in such
form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law.
Every holder of stock in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate
signed by, or in the name of the corporation by, the Chairman of the Board (if
there be such an officer appointed), or by the President, Chief Operating
Officer or any Vice-President and by the Chief Financial Officer or Assistant
Treasurer or the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, certifying the number of
shares owned by him in the corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the
certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent, or
registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a
certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar
before such certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if
he were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue. If the
corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more
than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and
relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock
or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such
preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face
or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such
class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in section
202 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, in lieu of the foregoing
requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate
which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, a
statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder
who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative,
participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series
thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences
and/or rights.
Section 6.2 Lost Certificates.
The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be
issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the
corporation alleged to have been lost or destroyed, upon the making of an
affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be
lost or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or
certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition
precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost or destroyed
certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to indemnify the
corporation in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a
surety bond in such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any
claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate
alleged to have been lost or destroyed.
Section 6.3 Transfers.
Transfers of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made
only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly
authorized, and upon the surrender of a certificate or certificates for a like
number of shares, properly endorsed. The right of any stockholder to transfer
any share of stock shall be subject to those provisions of the Certificate of
Incorporation governing transfers.
Section 6.4 Transfer Agent.
Notwithstanding any of the provisions of these Bylaws, the Board of
Directors may appoint a transfer agent and a registrar of transfers and may
require all certificates of shares to bear the signature of such transfer agent
and of such registrar of transfers.
Section 6.5 Fixing Record Dates.
(a) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled
to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment
thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall
not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted
by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than ten (10)
days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of
Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or
to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the
day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at
the close of business on the day next preceding the date on which the meeting is
held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled notice of or to vote at
a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting;
provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the
adjourned meeting.
(b) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled
to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board of
Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors, and which date shall not be more than ten (10) days after the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors. If no
record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for
determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by
the Delaware General Corporation Law, shall be the first date on which a signed
written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is
delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware,
its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation
having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are
recorded. Delivery made to a corporation's registered office shall be by hand or
by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date has
been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of Directors
is required by law, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to
consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close
of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution
taking such prior action.
(c) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled
to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any
rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any
change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful
action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall
not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is
adopted, and which record date shall be not more than thirty (30) days prior to
such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining
stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day
on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
(d) By resolution, the Board of Directors may at any time close the books
for the transfer of stock for a period not exceeding thirty (30) days.
Section 6.6 Registered Stockholders.
The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a
person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and
to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or
other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other
person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as
otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
ARTICLE VII
New Shares
Section 7.1 Pre-emptive Rights.
In case of any increase of the capital stock of the corporation and the
issuance of new shares therefor, such new shares, unless otherwise ordered by
the Certificate of Incorporation, shall be offered to the stockholders of the
class of stock of the corporation being issued in proportion to the existing
shares of such class then respectively held by them; and in the event that any
of the stockholders shall fail to exercise the pre-emptive right to purchase new
shares
heretofore set forth, then such shares shall be offered to the remaining
stockholders of the corporation of such class in proportion to the existing
shares of such class then respectively held by them prior to being offered for
sale to persons not stockholders in the corporation.
Section 7.2 Terms and Fractional Shares.
Such new shares shall be issued upon such terms and conditions, and with
such rights and privileges annexed thereto, as the stockholders at the meeting
sanctioning such issue shall direct, unless otherwise provided in the
Certificate of Incorporation; provided, however, that if a proportionate
distribution of the new issue of stock shall result in fractional shares, such
fractions shall be sold by the Chief Financial Officer at auction and the net
proceeds distributed pro rata among those entitled thereto.
Section 7.3 Excess Shares.
After the expiration of the time fixed for the exercise of the pre-emptive
right as set forth in Section 7.1 hereof, or on earlier receipt of information
from the stockholder to whom notice of such right is given that he does not
elect to take the shares offered, the directors may dispose of such shares so
declined or not accepted as they may deem most beneficial to the corporation.
ARTICLE VIII
Other Securities of the Corporation
All bonds, debentures and other corporate securities of the corporation,
other than stock certificates, may be signed by the Chairman of the Board (if
there be such an officer appointed), or the President or any Vice-President or
such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors and the
corporate seal impressed thereon or a facsimile of such seal imprinted thereon
and attested by the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the
Chief Financial Officer or an Assistant Treasurer; provided, however, that where
any such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be authenticated by
the manual signature of a trustee under an indenture pursuant to which such
bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be issued, the signature of
the persons signing and attesting the corporate seal on such bond, debenture or
other corporate security may be the imprinted facsimile of the signatures of
such persons. Interest coupons appertaining to any such bond, debenture or
other corporate security, authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be
signed by the Chief Financial Officer or an Assistant Treasurer of the
corporation, or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of
Directors, or bear imprinted thereon the facsimile signature of such person. In
case any officer who ceases to be an officer shall have signed or attested any
bond, debenture or other corporate security, or whose facsimile signature shall
appear thereon or before the bond, debenture or other corporate security so
signed or attested shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or other
corporate security nevertheless may be adopted by the corporation and issued and
delivered as though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature
shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer of the
corporation.
ARTICLE IX
Corporate Seal
The corporate seal shall consist of a die bearing the name of the
corporation and the state and date of its incorporation. Said seal may be used
by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or
otherwise.
ARTICLE X
Indemnification of Officers, Directors, Employees and Agents
Section 10.1 Right to Indemnification.
Each person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or
is involved (as a party, witness, or otherwise), in any threatened, pending, or
completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative,
or investigative (hereinafter a "Proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he, or
a person of whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director, officer,
employee, or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the
corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation or
of a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service
with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of the Proceeding is
alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee, or
agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee,
or agent (hereafter an "Agent"), shall be indemnified and held harmless by the
corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation
Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended or interpreted (but, in the
case of any such amendment or interpretation, only to the extent that such
amendment or interpretation permits the corporation to provide broader
indemnification rights than were permitted prior thereto) against all expenses,
liability, and loss (including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise
taxes or penalties, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, and any
interest, assessments, or other charges imposed thereon, and any federal, state,
local, or foreign taxes imposed on any Agent as a result of the actual or deemed
receipt of any payments under this Article) reasonably incurred or suffered by
such person in connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in, or
participating in (including on appeal), or preparing for any of the foregoing
in, any Proceeding (hereinafter "Expenses"); provided, however, that except as
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to actions to enforce indemnification rights pursuant to Section 10.3 of this
Article, the corporation shall indemnify any Agent seeking indemnification in
connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if
the Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the
corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article shall be a
contract right.
Section 10.2 Authority to Advance Expenses.
Expenses incurred by an officer or director (acting in his capacity as
such) in defending a Proceeding shall be paid by the corporation in advance of
the final disposition of such Proceeding, provided, however, that if required by
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the Delaware General Corporation Law, as
amended, such Expenses shall be advanced only upon delivery to the corporation
of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such
amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be
indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this Article or otherwise.
Expenses incurred by other Agents of the corporation (or by the directors or
officers not acting in their capacity as such, including service with respect to
employee benefit plans) may be advanced upon such terms and conditions as the
Board of Directors deems appropriate. Any obligation to reimburse the
corporation for Expense advances shall be unsecured and no interest shall be
charged thereon.
Section 10.3 Right of Claimant to Bring Suit.
If a claim under Section 10.1 or 10.2 of this Article is not paid in full
by the corporation within 90 days after a written claim has been received by the
corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the
corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in
whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense
(including attorneys' fees) of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to
any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses
incurred in defending a Proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the
required undertaking has been tendered to the corporation) that the claimant has
not met the standards of conduct that make it permissible under the Delaware
General Corporation Law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the
amount claimed. The burden of proving such a defense shall be on the
corporation. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of
Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a
determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of
the claimant is proper under the circumstances because he has met the applicable
standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an
actual determination by the corporation (including its Board of Directors,
independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant had not met
such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create
a presumption that claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
Section 10.4 Provisions Nonexclusive.
The rights conferred on any person by this Article shall not be exclusive
of any other rights that such person may have or hereafter acquire under any
statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, agreement, vote of
stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise, both as to action in an
official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such
office. To the extent that any provision of the Certificate, agreement, or vote
of the stockholders or disinterested directors is inconsistent with these
Bylaws, the provision, agreement, or vote shall take precedence.
Section 10.5 Authority to Insure.
The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance to protect itself and
any Agent against any Expense, whether or not the corporation would have the
power to indemnify the Agent against such Expense under applicable law or the
provisions of this Article.
Section 10.6 Survival of Rights.
The rights provided by this Article shall continue as to a person who has
ceased to be an Agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors,
and administrators of such a person.
Section 10.7 Settlement of Claims.
The corporation shall not be liable to indemnify any Agent under this
Article (a) for any amounts paid in settlement of any action or claim effected
without the corporation's written consent, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld; or (b) for any judicial award if the corporation was not
given a reasonable and timely opportunity, at its expense, to participate in the
defense of such action.
Section 10.8 Effect of Amendment.
Any amendment, repeal, or modification of this Article shall not adversely
affect any right or protection of any Agent existing at the time of such
amendment, repeal, or modification.
Section 10.9 Subrogation.
In the event of payment under this Article, the corporation shall be
subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the
Agent, who shall execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be
necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents
necessary to enable the corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such
rights.
Section 10.10 No Duplication of Payments.
The corporation shall not be liable under this Article to make any payment
in connection with any claim made against the Agent to the extent the Agent has
otherwise actually received payment (under any insurance policy, agreement,
vote, or otherwise) of the amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder.
ARTICLE XI
Notices
Whenever, under any provisions of these Bylaws, notice is required to be
given to any stockholder, the same shall be given in any of the following ways:
in writing, (i) timely and duly deposited in the United States Mail, postage
prepaid, and addressed to his last known post office address as shown by the
stock record of the corporation or its transfer agent, (ii) left with the
stockholder personally, (iii) left at the residence or usual place of business
of the stockholder, or (iv) published in any newspaper of general circulation in
the county in which the principal office of the corporation is located, such
notice to be published not less than two (2) times, on successive days, the
first publication thereof to be not less than three (3) days nor more than ten
(10) days prior to the day assigned for the meeting. Any notice required to be
given to any
director may be given by any method hereinabove stated, or by telegram or other
means of electronic transmission, except that such notice other than one which
is delivered personally, shall be sent to such address or (in the case of
facsimile telecommunication) facsimile telephone number as such director shall
have filed in writing with the Secretary of the corporation, or, in the absence
of such filing, to the last known post office address of such director. If no
address of a stockholder or director be known, such notice may be sent to the
office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of
Article I hereof. An affidavit of mailing, executed by a duly authorized and
competent employee of the corporation or its transfer agent appointed with
respect to the class of stock affected, specifying the name and address or the
names and addresses of the stockholder or stockholders, director or directors,
to whom any such notice or notices was or were given, and the time and method of
giving the same, shall be conclusive evidence of the statements therein
contained. All notices given by mail, as above provided, shall be deemed to have
been given as at the time of mailing and all notices given by telegram or other
means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been given as at the
sending time recorded by the telegraph company or other electronic transmission
equipment operator transmitting the same. It shall not be necessary that the
same method of giving be employed in respect of all directors, but one
permissible method may be employed in respect of any one or more, and any other
permissible method or methods may be employed in respect of any other or others.
The period or limitation of time within which any stockholder may exercise any
option or right, or enjoy any privilege or benefit, or be required to act, or
within which any director may exercise any power or right, or enjoy any
privilege, pursuant to any notice sent him in the manner above provided, shall
not be affected or extended in any manner by the failure of such a stockholder
or such director to receive such notice. Whenever any notice is required to be
given under the provisions of the statutes or of the Certificate of
Incorporation, or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the
person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time
stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Whenever notice is required
to be given, under any provision of law or of the Certificate of Incorporation
or Bylaws of the corporation, to any person with whom communication is unlawful,
the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall
be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or
permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting which shall be
taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is
unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly
given. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to
require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the Delaware General
Corporation Law, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice
is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice
except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.
ARTICLE XII
Fiscal Year
The fiscal year of the corporation shall be such as may from time to time
be established by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE XIII
Amendments
These Bylaws may be repealed, altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted by
written consent of stockholders in the manner authorized by Section 2.11 of
Article II, or at any meeting of the stockholders, either annual or special, by
the affirmative vote of a majority of the stock entitled to vote at such
meeting, unless a larger vote is required by these Bylaws or the Certificate of
Incorporation. The Board of Directors shall also have the authority to repeal,
alter or amend these Bylaws or adopt new Bylaws (including, without limitation,
the amendment of any Bylaws setting forth the number of directors who shall
constitute the whole Board of Directors) by unanimous written consent or at any
annual, regular, or special meeting by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
whole number of directors, subject to the power of the stockholders to change or
repeal such Bylaws and provided that the Board of Directors shall not make or
alter any Bylaws fixing the qualifications, classifications, or term of office
of directors.
Notwithstanding any other provision of these Bylaws or any provision of law
which might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any
affirmative vote of the holders of the capital stock required by law or by these
Bylaws, the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the combined voting
power of all of the then outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote
shall be required to alter, amend or repeal Article II, Section 2.11 of the
Bylaws or this Article XIII or any provision thereof, or to add or amend any
other Bylaw in order to change or nullify the effect of such provisions, unless
such amendment shall be approved by a majority of the directors of the
Corporation, not affiliated or associated with any person or entity holding (or
which has announced an intent to obtain) 10% or more of the voting power of the
Corporation's outstanding capital stock.
CERTIFICATE OF SECRETARY
The undersigned, Secretary of Cheap Tickets, Inc., a Delaware
corporation, hereby certifies that the foregoing is a full, true and correct
copy of the Bylaws of said corporation, with all amendments to date of this
Certificate.
WITNESS the signature of the undersigned and the seal of the
Corporation this 21st day of September, 1998.
/s/ Sandra T. Hartley
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SANDRA T. HARTLEY, Secretary