EXHIBIT 25.1

================================================================================

                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

                                    FORM T-1

       STATEMENT OF ELIGIBILITY UNDER THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939 OF A
                    CORPORATION DESIGNATED TO ACT AS TRUSTEE

    CHECK IF AN APPLICATION TO DETERMINE ELIGIBILITY OF A TRUSTEE PURSUANT TO
                             SECTION 305(b)(2) [ ]

                  WACHOVIA TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
               (Exact Name of Trustee as Specified in its Charter)

                                   56-1989961
                      (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

       ONE RODNEY SQUARE, 920 KING STREET, SUITE 102, WILMINGTON, DELAWARE
                    (Address of Principal Executive Offices)

                                      19801
                                   (Zip Code)

                  WACHOVIA TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
                                ONE RODNEY SQUARE
                           920 KING STREET, SUITE 102
                              WILMINGTON, DE 19801
                    ATTENTION: CORPORATE TRUST ADMINISTRATION
                                 (302) 888-7539
            (Name, address and telephone number of Agent for Service)

                                 HOLLINGER INC.

               (Exact Name of Obligor as Specified in its Charter)

                                 ONTARIO, CANADA

         (State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

                                       N/A

                      (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


                                10 TORONTO STREET
                                TORONTO, ONTARIO
                                     CANADA

                    (Address of Principal Executive Offices)

                                     M5C 2B7
                                   (Zip Code)

================================================================================





                          11-7/8% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2011
                         (TITLE OF INDENTURE SECURITIES)





1. GENERAL INFORMATION.

FURNISH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION AS TO THE TRUSTEE:

a)       NAME AND ADDRESS OF EACH EXAMINING OR SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY TO WHICH IT
         IS SUBJECT:
         Comptroller of the Currency
         United States Department of the Treasury
         Washington, D.C.  20219

         Federal Reserve Bank
         Richmond, Virginia 23219

         Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
         Washington, D.C.  20429

b)       WHETHER IT IS AUTHORIZED TO EXERCISE CORPORATE TRUST POWERS.

         Yes.

2. AFFILIATIONS WITH OBLIGOR.

IF THE OBLIGOR IS AN AFFILIATE OF THE TRUSTEE, DESCRIBE EACH SUCH AFFILIATION.

         None.

3. VOTING SECURITIES OF THE TRUSTEE.

FURNISH THE FOLLOWING  INFORMATION AS TO EACH CLASS OF VOTING  SECURITIES OF THE
TRUSTEE:

         Not applicable - see answer to Item 13.

4. TRUSTEESHIPS UNDER OTHER INDENTURES.

IF THE TRUSTEE IS A TRUSTEE UNDER ANOTHER INDENTURE UNDER WHICH ANY OTHER
SECURITIES, OR CERTIFICATES OF INTEREST OR PARTICIPATION IN ANY OTHER
SECURITIES, OF THE OBLIGOR ARE OUTSTANDING, FURNISH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

         (a)  Title of the securities outstanding under each such other
              indenture.

              11-7/8% Senior Notes due 2011



         (b)  A brief statement of the facts relied upon as a basis for the
              claim that no conflicting interest within the meaning of Section
              310(b)(1) of the Act arises as a result of the trusteeship under
              any such other indenture, including a statement as to how the
              indenture securities will rank as compared with the securities
              issued under such other indenture.

                  The indenture securities are not in default. The indenture
                  securities rank equal to the securities named in Item 4(a).



5. INTERLOCKING DIRECTORATES AND SIMILAR RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE OBLIGOR OR
UNDERWRITERS.

IF THE TRUSTEE OR ANY OF THE DIRECTORS OR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE TRUSTEE IS A
DIRECTOR, OFFICER, PARTNER, EMPLOYEE, APPOINTEE, OR REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
OBLIGOR OR OF ANY UNDERWRITER FOR THE OBLIGOR, IDENTIFY EACH SUCH PERSON HAVING
ANY SUCH CONNECTION AND STATE THE NATURE OF EACH SUCH CONNECTION.

         Not applicable - see answer to Item 13.

6. VOTING SECURITIES OF THE TRUSTEE OWNED BY THE OBLIGOR OR ITS OFFICIALS.

FURNISH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION AS TO THE VOTING SECURITIES OF THE TRUSTEE
OWNED BENEFICIALLY BY THE OBLIGOR AND EACH DIRECTOR, PARTNER, AND EXECUTIVE
OFFICER OF THE OBLIGOR:

         Not applicable - see answer to Item 13.

7. VOTING SECURITIES OF THE TRUSTEE OWNED BY UNDERWRITERS OR THEIR OFFICIALS.

FURNISH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION AS TO THE VOTING SECURITIES OF THE TRUSTEE
OWNED BENEFICIALLY BY EACH UNDERWRITER FOR THE OBLIGOR AND EACH DIRECTOR,
PARTNER, AND EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF EACH SUCH UNDERWRITER:

         Not applicable - see answer to Item 13.

8. SECURITIES OF THE OBLIGOR OWNED OR HELD BY THE TRUSTEE.

FURNISH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION AS TO SECURITIES OF THE OBLIGOR OWNED
BENEFICIALLY OR HELD AS COLLATERAL SECURITY FOR OBLIGATIONS IN DEFAULT BY THE
TRUSTEE:

         Not applicable - see answer to Item 13.

9. SECURITIES OF UNDERWRITERS OWNED OR HELD BY THE TRUSTEE.

IF THE TRUSTEE OWNS BENEFICIALLY OR HOLDS AS COLLATERAL SECURITY FOR OBLIGATIONS
IN DEFAULT ANY SECURITIES OF AN UNDERWRITER FOR THE OBLIGOR, FURNISH THE
FOLLOWING INFORMATION AS TO EACH CLASS OF SECURITIES OF SUCH UNDERWRITER ANY OF
WHICH ARE SO OWNED OR HELD BY THE TRUSTEE:

         Not applicable - see answer to Item 13.

10. OWNERSHIP OR HOLDINGS BY THE TRUSTEE OF VOTING SECURITIES OF CERTAIN
AFFILIATES OR SECURITY HOLDERS OF THE OBLIGOR.

IF THE TRUSTEE OWNS BENEFICIALLY OR HOLDS AS COLLATERAL SECURITY FOR OBLIGATIONS
IN DEFAULT VOTING SECURITIES OF A PERSON WHO, TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE TRUSTEE
(1) OWNS 10 PERCENT OR MORE OF THE VOTING STOCK OF THE OBLIGOR OR (2) IS AN
AFFILIATE, OTHER THAN A SUBSIDIARY, OF THE OBLIGOR, FURNISH THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION AS TO THE VOTING SECURITIES OF SUCH PERSON:

         Not applicable - see answer to Item 13.

11. OWNERSHIP OR HOLDINGS BY THE TRUSTEE OF ANY SECURITIES OF A PERSON OWNING 50
PERCENT OR MORE OF THE VOTING SECURITIES OF THE OBLIGOR.

IF THE TRUSTEE OWNS BENEFICIALLY OR HOLDS AS COLLATERAL SECURITY FOR OBLIGATIONS
IN DEFAULT ANY SECURITIES OF A PERSON WHO, TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE TRUSTEE, OWNS
50 PERCENT OR MORE OF THE VOTING SECURITIES OF THE OBLIGOR, FURNISH THE
FOLLOWING INFORMATION AS TO EACH CLASS OF SECURITIES OF SUCH PERSON ANY OF WHICH
ARE SO OWNED OR HELD BY THE TRUSTEE:

         Not applicable - see answer to Item 13.

12. INDEBTEDNESS OF THE OBLIGOR TO THE TRUSTEE.

EXCEPT AS NOTED IN THE INSTRUCTIONS, IF THE OBLIGOR IS INDEBTED TO THE TRUSTEE,
FURNISH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

         Not applicable - see answer to Item 13.


13.  DEFAULTS BY THE OBLIGOR.

a)       STATE WHETHER THERE IS OR HAS BEEN A DEFAULT WITH RESPECT TO THE
SECURITIES UNDER THIS INDENTURE. EXPLAIN THE NATURE OF ANY SUCH DEFAULT.

         None.

b)       IF THE TRUSTEE IS A TRUSTEE UNDER ANOTHER INDENTURE UNDER WHICH ANY
OTHER SECURITIES, OR CERTIFICATES OF INTEREST OR PARTICIPATION IN ANY OTHER
SECURITIES, OF THE OBLIGOR ARE OUTSTANDING, OR IS TRUSTEE FOR MORE THAN ONE
OUTSTANDING SERIES OF SECURITIES UNDER THE INDENTURE, STATE WHETHER THERE HAS
BEEN A DEFAULT UNDER ANY SUCH INDENTURE OR SERIES, IDENTIFY THE INDENTURE OR
SERIES AFFECTED, AND EXPLAIN THE NATURE OF ANY SUCH DEFAULT.

         None

14. AFFILIATIONS WITH THE UNDERWRITERS.

IF ANY UNDERWRITER IS AN AFFILIATE OF THE TRUSTEE, DESCRIBE EACH SUCH
AFFILIATION.

         Not applicable - see answer to Item 13.

15. FOREIGN TRUSTEE.

IDENTIFY THE ORDER OR RULE PURSUANT TO WHICH THE TRUSTEE IS AUTHORIZED TO ACT AS
SOLE TRUSTEE UNDER INDENTURES QUALIFIED OR TO BE QUALIFIED UNDER THE ACT.

         Not applicable - trustee is a national banking association organized
under the laws of the United States.

16. LIST OF EXHIBITS.



LIST BELOW ALL EXHIBITS FILED AS PART OF THIS STATEMENT OF ELIGIBILITY.

 X   1. Copy of Articles of Association of the trustee as now in effect.
- ---

 X   2. Copy of the Certificate of the Comptroller of the Currency dated April
- ---     4, 2002, evidencing the authority of the trustee to transact business.

 X   3. Copy of the Certification of Fiduciary Powers of the trustee by the
- ---     Office of the Comptroller of the Currency dated April 4, 2002.

 X   4. Copy of existing by-laws of the trustee.
- ---

     5. Copy of each indenture referred to in Item 4, if the obligor is in
        default.
- ---     -Not Applicable.

 X   6. Consent of the trustee required by Section 321(b) of the Act.
- ---

 X   7. Copy of report of condition of the trustee at the close of business on
- ---     March 31, 2003, published pursuant to the requirements of its
        supervising authority.

     8. Copy of any order pursuant to which the foreign trustee is authorized to
- ---     act as sole trustee under indentures qualified or to be qualified under
        the Act.
        Not Applicable

     9. Consent to service of process required of foreign trustees pursuant to
- ---     Rule 10a-4 under the Act.
        Not Applicable

- ------------------------

                                      NOTE

         The trustee disclaims responsibility for the accuracy or completeness
of information contained in this Statement of Eligibility and Qualification not
known to the trustee and not obtainable by it through reasonable investigation
and as to which information it has obtained from the obligor and has had to rely
or will obtain from the principal underwriters and will have to rely.




                                    SIGNATURE


         Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the
trustee, Wachovia Trust Company, National Association, a national banking
association organized and existing under the laws of the United States of
America, has duly caused this Statement of Eligibility and Qualification to be
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, all in the
City of Wilmington and the State of Delaware, on the 24th day of June, 2003.


                                            WACHOVIA TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL
                                            ASSOCIATION



                                            By:  /s/ Sterling C. Correia
                                                 -------------------------------
                                                 Sterling C. Correia
                                                 Vice President





                             CONSENT OF THE TRUSTEE

         Pursuant to the requirements of Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939, and in connection with the proposed issue of Hollinger Inc., 117/8%
Senior Notes due 2011 Wachovia Trust Company, National Association, hereby
consents that reports of examinations by Federal, State, Territorial or District
authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the Securities and Exchange
Commission upon request therefor.



                                            WACHOVIA TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL
                                            ASSOCIATION



                                            By: /s/ Sterling C. Correia
                                                --------------------------------
                                                Sterling C. Correia
                                                Vice President


Wilmington, Delaware

June 24, 2003





EXHIBIT T-7

                               REPORT OF CONDITION

Consolidating domestic and foreign subsidiaries of Wachovia Trust Company,
National Association, at the close of business on March 31, 2003, published in
response to call made by Comptroller of the Currency, under title 12, United
States Code, Section 161. Charter Number 1 Comptroller of the Currency.

STATEMENT OF RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES


                                                                                                       
                                     ASSETS

                               Thousand of Dollars

Cash and balance due from depository institutions:
     Noninterest-bearing balances and currency and coin...................................                     338,000
     Interest-bearing balances............................................................                           0
Securities................................................................................                    ////////
     Held-to-maturity securities (from Schedule RC-B, column A)...........................                           0
     Available-for-sale securities (from schedule RC-B, column D).........................                     203,000
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell....................                           0
Federal funds sold in domestic offices....................................................                           0
Securities purchased under agreements to resell(3)........................................                           0
Loans and lease financing receivables (from Schedule RC-C):
     Loan and leases held for sale........................................................                           0
     Loan and leases, net of unearned income..............................................                 295,302,000
     LESS: Allowance for loan and lease losses............................................                           0
     LESS: Allocated transfer risk reserve................................................                           0
     Loans and leases, net of unearned income and allowance (item.4.b misus 4.c)..........                 295,302,000
Trading assets (from Schedule RC-D).......................................................                           0
Premises and fixed assets (including capitalized leases)..................................                           0
Other real estate owned (from Schedule RC-M)..............................................                           0
Investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies (from Schedule RC-M)...                           0
Customer's liability to this bank on acceptances outstanding..............................                           0
Intangible assets.........................................................................                           0
     Goodwill.............................................................................                           0
Other intangible assets (from Schedule RC-M)..............................................                           0
Other assets (from Schedule RC-F).........................................................                     530,000

                                    TOTAL ASSETS..........................................                 296,373,000

                                   LIABILITIES

Deposits:
     In domestic offices..................................................................                           0
       Noninterest-bearing................................................................                           0
       Interest-bearing...................................................................                           0
     In foreign offices, Edge and Agreement subsidiaries, and IBFs (from Schedule RC-E,                              0
     part II).............................................................................
       Noninterest-bearing................................................................                           0
       Interest-bearing...................................................................                           0
Federal funds purchased in domestic offices(2)............................................                           0
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase(3).........................................                           0
Trading liabilities(from Schedule RC-D)...................................................                           0
Other borrowed money (includes mortgage indebtedness and obligations under Capitalized                               0
  leases)(from Schedule RC-M).............................................................
Bank's liability on acceptances executed and outstanding..................................                           0
Subordinated notes and debentures.........................................................                           0
Other liabilities.........................................................................                  11,532,000
TOTAL LIABILITIES.........................................................................                  11,532,000
Minority Interest in consolidated subsidiaries............................................                           0

                                 EQUITY CAPITAL

Perpetual preferred stock and related surplus...........................................                             0
Common Stock..............................................................................                     200,000
Surplus...................................................................................                 416,119,000
Retained Earnings.........................................................................                (131,480,000)
Accumulated other comprehensive income....................................................                       2,000
Other Equity Capital components...........................................................                           0
Total equity capital (sum of item 23 through 27)..........................................                 284,841,000
Total liabilities and equity capital (sum of items 21, 22, and 28)........................                 296,373,000



                  WACHOVIA TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION


                     CERTIFICATE OF WACHOVIA TRUST COMPANY,
                   NATIONAL ASSOCIATION REGARDING INCUMBENCY,
                      AUTHORITY AND SIGNATURES OF OFFICERS


         I, Sterling C. Correia, Assistant Secretary of Wachovia Trust Company,
         National Association ("WTC") hereby certify as follows:

1.       Each of the individual(s) named on Exhibit A attached hereto is on the
         date hereof the duly elected incumbent in the office of WTC indicated
         after his or her name and the signature set forth opposite his or her
         name is a specimen of his or her genuine signature.

2.       Attached hereto as Exhibit B is a true and correct copy of the Articles
         of Association of WTC as in effect on the date hereof.

3.       Attached hereto as Exhibit C is a true and correct copy of the by-laws
         of WTC as in effect.

4.       Attached hereto as Exhibit D is a true and correct copy of the
         provisions of WTC's by-laws governing the signature authority of the
         persons executing documents on behalf of WTC.

5.       Attached hereto as Exhibit E is a true and correct copy of a
         Certificate of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the
         "OCC") regarding WTC's authority to exercise fiduciary powers. Such
         Certificate and the authority certified thereby have not been revoked
         or surrendered and are in full force and effect on the date hereof.

6.       Attached hereto as Exhibit F is a true and correct copy of the Charter
         Certificate of WTC (formerly known as First Union Trust Company,
         National Association). The Charter Certificate has not been revoked and
         is in full force and effect on the date hereof.

7.       Attached hereto as Exhibit G is a true and correct copy of a
         Certificate of the OCC regarding the formation of WTC and its authority
         to transact the business of banking. The Certificate has not been
         revoked and is in full force and effect on the date hereof

8.       The principal place of business of WTC is located in Wilmington,
         Delaware.

9.       There is no proceeding pending or, to the best of my knowledge,
         threatened for the dissolution or liquidation of WTC.






IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Certificate to be duly
executed as of the 24th day of June, 2003.


                                             By: /s/ Sterling C. Correia
                                                 ----------------------------
                                                     Assistant Secretary


The Undersigned, an Officer of Wachovia Trust Company, National Association,
does hereby certify that Amy L. Martin, is a duly appointed and duly qualified
Assistant Secretary of Wachovia Trust Company, National Association, and that
the signature above is her genuine signature.


                                             By: /s/ Rita Marie Ritrovato
                                                 -----------------------------
                                                      Trust Officer





                                                                       EXHIBIT A


<Table>
<Caption>

NAME                            OFFICE                  SIGNATURE
- ------------------           --------------             ------------------------
                                                  
Kenneth D. Benton            Vice President             /s/ Kenneth D. Benton
                                                        ------------------------

Mary M. McCracken            Vice President             /s/ Mary M. McCracken
                                                        ------------------------

Sterling C. Correia          Vice President             /s/ Sterling C. Correia
                                                        ------------------------

Lynn M. Hines                Vice-President             /s/ Lynn M. Hines
                                                        ------------------------

James J. Waters              Vice President             /s/ James J. Waters
                                                        ------------------------

George J. Rayzis             Vice President             /s/ George J. Rayzis
                                                        ------------------------

Paul Anatrella               Vice President             /s/ Paul Anatrella
                                                        ------------------------

Bertha M. McClean       Assistant Vice President        /s/ Bertha M. McClean
                                                        ------------------------

Rita Marie Ritrovato          Trust Officer             /s/ Rita Marie Ritrovato
                                                        ------------------------

</Table>




                                                                       EXHIBIT B



                                                               Charter No. 23201


                  WACHOVIA TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                             ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
                    AMENDED AND RESTATED AS OF APRIL 1, 2002


         For the purpose of organizing an association to carry on the business
of banking under the laws of the United States, the undersigned do enter into
the following Articles of Association:

         FIRST. The title of this association shall be WACHOVIA TRUST COMPANY,
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION.

         SECOND. The main office of this association shall be in Wilmington,
Delaware. The business of this association will be limited to that of a national
trust bank. This association must obtain the prior written approval of the
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC") before amending its Articles
of Association to expand the scope of its activities and services. Transfers of
this association's stock are subject to prior approval of a federal depository
institution regulatory agency. If no other agency approval is required, the
OCC's approval must be obtained before the transfers. In such cases where OCC
approval is required, the OCC will apply the definitions and standards of the
Change in Bank Control Act and the OCC's implementing regulation to ownership
changes in this association.

         THIRD. The Board of Directors of this association shall consist of not
less than five nor more than twenty-five shareholders, the exact number to be
fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full
Board of Directors or by resolution of the shareholders at any annual or special
meeting thereof. Each director, during the full term of his directorship, shall
own a minimum of $1,000 aggregate par value of stock of this association or a
minimum par market value or equity interest of $1,000 of stock in the bank
holding company controlling this association. Any vacancy in the Board of
Directors may be filled by action of the Board of Directors.

         FOURTH. There shall be an annual meeting of the shareholders to elect
directors and transact whatever other business may be brought before the
meeting. It shall be held at the main office or any other convenient place the
Board of Directors may designate, on the day of each year specified thereby in
the bylaws, but if no election is held on that day, it may be held on any
subsequent day according to such lawful rules as may be prescribed by the Board
of Directors.





                  Nominations for election to the Board of Directors may be made
by the Board of Directors or by any shareholder of any outstanding class of
capital stock of this association entitled to vote for election of directors.
Nominations other than those made by or on behalf of the existing bank
management shall be made in writing and be delivered or mailed to the president
of this association and to the OCC, Washington, D.C., not less than 14 days nor
more than 50 days prior to any meeting of shareholders called for the election
of directors, provided, however, that if less than 21 days notice of the meeting
is given to shareholders, such nomination shall be mailed or delivered to the
president of this association and to the Comptroller of the Currency not later
than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on which the
notice of meeting was mailed.

                  Such notification shall contain the following information to
the extent known to the notifying shareholder:

                           -        The name and address of each proposed
                                    nominee.

                           -        The principal occupation of each proposed
                                    nominee.

                           -        The total number of shares of capital stock
                                    of this association that will be voted for
                                    each proposed nominee.

                           -        The name and residence address of the
                                    notifying shareholder.

                           -        The number of shares of capital stock of
                                    this association owned by the notifying
                                    shareholder. Nominations not made in
                                    accordance herewith may, in his discretion,
                                    be disregarded by the chairperson of the
                                    meeting, and upon his instructions, the vote
                                    tellers may disregard all votes cast for
                                    each such nominee.

         FIFTH. The authorized amount of capital stock of this association shall
be 2,000 shares of common stock of the par value of one hundred dollars
($100.00) each; but said capital stock may be increased or decreased from time
to time, according to the provisions of the laws of the United States.

                  If the capital stock is increased by the sale of additional
shares thereof, each shareholder shall be entitled to subscribe for such
additional shares in proportion to the number of shares of said capital stock
owned by him at the time the increase is authorized by the shareholders, unless
another time subsequent to the date of the shareholders' meeting is specified in
a resolution by the shareholders at the time the increase is authorized. The
Board of Directors will have the power to prescribe a reasonable period of time
within which the preemptive rights to subscribe to the new shares of capital
stock must be exercised.

                  This association, at any time and from time to time, may
authorize and issue debt obligations, whether or not subordinated, without the
approval of the shareholders.


                                        2




         SIXTH. The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members
president of this association, who shall be chairperson of the Board of
Directors, unless the Board of Directors appoints another director to be the
chairperson. The Board of Directors shall have the power to appoint one or more
vice presidents and to appoint a cashier and such other officers and employees
as may be required to transact the business of this association.

                  The Board of Directors shall have the power to:

                           -        Define the duties of the officers and
                                    employees of this association.

                           -        Fix the salaries to be paid to the officers
                                    and employees.

                           -        Dismiss officers and employees.

                           -        Require bonds from officers and employees
                                    and to fix the penalty thereof.

                           -        Regulate the manner in which any increase of
                                    the capital of this association shall be
                                    made.

                           -        Manage and administer the business and
                                    affairs of this association.

                           -        Make all bylaws that it may be lawful for
                                    the Board of Directors to make.

                           -        Generally to perform all acts that are legal
                                    for a Board of Directors to perform.

         SEVENTH. The Board of Directors shall have the power to change the
location of the main office to any other place within the limits of Wilmington,
Delaware, without the approval of the shareholders, and shall have the power to
establish or change the location of any branch or branches of the association to
any other location, without the approval of the shareholders.

         EIGHTH. The corporate existence of this association shall continue
until terminated according to the laws of the United States.

         NINTH. The Board of Directors of this association, or any three or more
shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than 10 percent of the stock of
this association, may call a special meeting of shareholders at any time. Unless
otherwise provided by the laws of the United States, a notice of the time, place
and purpose of every annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall be
given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed at least 10 days prior to the
date of the meeting to each shareholder of record at his address as shown upon
the books of this association.

         TENTH. Each director and executive officer of this association shall be
indemnified by the association against liability in any proceeding (including
without limitation a proceeding brought by or on behalf of this association
itself) arising out of his status as such or his activities in either of the


                                       3


foregoing capacities, except for any liability incurred on account of activities
which were at the time taken known or believed by such person to be clearly in
conflict with the best interests of this association. Liabilities incurred by a
director or executive officer of this association in defending a proceeding
shall be paid by this association in advance of the final disposition of such
proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by the director or executive officer
to repay such amount if it shall be determined, as provided in the last
paragraph of this Article Tenth, that he is not entitled to be indemnified by
this association against such liabilities.

         The indemnity against liability in the preceding paragraph of this
Article Tenth, including liabilities incurred in defending a proceeding, shall
be automatic and self-operative.

         Any director, officer or employee of this association who serves at the
request of this association as a director, officer, employee or agent of a
charitable, not-for-profit, religious, educational or hospital corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or a trade association,
or as a trustee or administrator under an employee benefit plan, or who serves
at the request of this association as a director, officer or employee of a
business corporation in connection with the administration of an estate or trust
by this association, shall have the right to be indemnified by this association,
subject to the provisions set forth in the following paragraph of this Article
Tenth, against liabilities in any manner arising out of or attributable to such
status or activities in any such capacity, except for any liability incurred on
account of activities which were at the time taken known or believed by such
person to be clearly in conflict with the best interests of this association, or
of the corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise, association
or plan being served by such person.

         In the case of all persons except the directors and executive officers
of this association, the determination of whether a person is entitled to
indemnification under the preceding paragraph of this Article Tenth shall be
made by and in the sole discretion of the Chief Executive Officer of this
association. In the case of the directors and executive officers of this
association, the indemnity against liability in the preceding paragraph of this
Article Tenth shall be automatic and self-operative.

         For purposes of this Article Tenth of these Articles of Association
only, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:

         (a)      "association" means Wachovia Trust Company, National
                  Association and its direct and indirect wholly-owned
                  subsidiaries.

         (b)      "director" means an individual who is or was a director of
                  this association.

         (c)      "executive officer" means an officer of this association who
                  by resolution of the Board of Directors of this association
                  has been determined to be an executive officer of this
                  association for purposes of Regulation O of the Federal
                  Reserve Board.

         (d)      "liability" means the obligation to pay a judgment,
                  settlement, penalty, fine (including an excise tax assessed
                  with respect to an employee benefit plan), or reasonable
                  expenses, including counsel fees and expenses, incurred with
                  respect to a proceeding.


                                       4


         (e)      "party" includes an individual who was, is, or is threatened
                  to be made a named defendant or respondent in a proceeding.

         (f)      "proceeding" means any threatened, pending, or completed
                  claim, action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal,
                  administrative, or investigative and whether formal or
                  informal.

         This association shall have no obligation to indemnify any person for
an amount paid in settlement of a proceeding unless this association consents in
writing to such settlement.

         The right to indemnification herein provided for shall apply to persons
who are directors, officers, or employees of banks or other entities that are
hereafter merged or otherwise combined with this association only after the
effective date of such merger or other combination and only as to their status
and activities after such date.

         The right to indemnification herein provided for shall inure to the
benefit of the heirs and legal representatives of any person entitled to such
right.

         No revocation of, change in, or adoption of any resolution or provision
in the Articles of Association or Bylaws of this association inconsistent with,
this Article Tenth shall adversely affect the rights of any director, officer,
or employee of this association with respect to (i) any proceeding commenced or
threatened prior to such revocation, change, or adoption, or (ii) any proceeding
arising out of any act or omission occurring prior to such revocation, change,
or adoption, in either case, without the written consent of such director,
officer, or employee.

         The rights hereunder shall be in addition to and not exclusive of any
other rights to which a director, officer, or employee of this association may
be entitled under any statute, agreement, insurance policy, or otherwise.


                                       5



         This association shall have the power to purchase and maintain
insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, or employee
of this association, or is or was serving at the request of this association as
a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust, trade association, employee benefit plan, or other
enterprise, against any liability asserted against such director, officer, or
employee in any such capacity, or arising out of their status as such, whether
or not this association would have the power to indemnify such director,
officer, or employee against such liability, excluding insurance coverage for a
formal order assessing civil money penalties against a director, officer or
employee of this association.

         Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided herein, no person
shall have a right to indemnification with respect to any liability (i) incurred
in an administrative proceeding or action instituted by an appropriate bank
regulatory agency which proceeding or action results in a final order assessing
civil money penalties or requiring affirmative action by an individual or
individuals in the form of payments to this association, (ii) to the extent such
person is entitled to receive payment therefor under any insurance policy or
from any corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, trade association,
employee benefit plan, or other enterprise other than this association, or (iii)
to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction determines that such
indemnification is void or prohibited under state or federal law.

         ELEVENTH. These Articles of Association may be amended at any regular
or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of
a majority of the stock of this association, unless the vote of the holders of a
greater amount of stock is required by law, and in that case by the vote of the
holders of such greater amount.


                                       6


                                                                       EXHIBIT C


                  WACHOVIA TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                     BYLAWS

                      AS AMENDED AND RESTATED APRIL 1, 2002
                           AS AMENDED OCTOBER 24, 2002


                                   ARTICLE I

                            Meetings of Shareholders

         Section 1.1. Annual Meeting. The regular annual meeting of the
shareholders for the election of directors and transaction of whatever other
business may properly come before the meeting, shall be held at the Main Office
of the Association, or such other place as the Board of Directors may designate,
at 10:00 A.M. on the third Tuesday of April in each year, or such other time
within 90 days as may be set by the Board of Directors. If, from any cause, an
election of directors is not made on the said day, the Board of Directors shall
order the election to be held on some subsequent day, as soon thereafter as
practicable, according to the provisions of the law; and notice thereof shall be
given in the manner herein.

         Section 1.2. Special Meetings. Except as otherwise specifically
provided by statute, special meetings of the shareholders may be called for any
purpose at any time by the Board of Directors or by any one or more shareholders
owning, in the aggregate, not less than twenty-five percent of the stock of the
Association.

         Section 1.3. Notice of Meetings. Notice of Annual and Special meetings
shall be mailed, postage prepaid, at least ten days prior to the date thereof
provided for the annual meeting, addressed to each shareholder at his address
appearing on the books of the Association; but any failure to mail such notice,
or any irregularity therein, shall not affect the validity of such meeting, or
of any of the proceedings thereat. A shareholder may waive any such notice.






         Section 1.4. Organization of Meetings. The Chairman shall preside at
all meetings of shareholders. In his absence, the President, or a director
designated by the Chairman shall preside at such meeting.

         Section 1.5. Proxies. Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the
shareholders by proxies duly authorized in writing. Proxies shall be valid only
for one meeting to be specified therein, and any adjournments of such meeting.
Proxies shall be dated and shall be filed with the records of the meeting.

         Section 1.6. Quorum. A majority of the outstanding capital stock,
represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of
shareholders, unless otherwise provided by law. A majority of the votes cast
shall decide every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at any
meeting, unless otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Association.

                                   ARTICLE II

                                    Directors

         Section 2.1. Board of Directors. The Board of Directors (hereinafter
referred to as the "Board"), shall have power to manage and administer the
business and affairs of the Association. Except as expressly limited by law, all
corporate powers of the Association shall be vested in and may be exercised by
said Board.

         Section 2.2. Number. The Board shall consist of not less than five nor
more than twenty-five persons, the exact number within such minimum and maximum
limits to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority
of the full Board or by resolution of the shareholders at any meeting thereof;
provided, however, that a majority of the full Board may not increase the number
of directors to a number which: (a) exceeds by more than two the number of
directors last elected by


                                       2


shareholders where such number was fifteen or less; and (b) to a number which
exceeds by more than four the number of directors last elected by shareholders
where such number was sixteen or more, but in no event shall the number of
directors exceed twenty-five.

         Section 2.3. Organization Meeting. A meeting shall be held for the
purpose of organizing the new Board and electing and appointing officers of the
Association for the succeeding year on the day of the Annual Meeting of
Shareholders or as soon thereafter as practicable, and, in any event, within
thirty days thereof. If, at the time fixed for such meeting, there shall not be
a quorum present, the directors present may adjourn the meeting, from time to
time, until a quorum is obtained.

         Section 2.4. Regular Meetings. The regular meetings of the Board shall
be held on such days and time as the directors may, by resolution, designate;
and written notice of any change thereof shall be sent to each member. When any
regular meeting of the Board falls upon a legal holiday, the meeting shall be
held on such other day as the Board may designate.

         Section 2.5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board may be
called by the Chairman of the Board, or President, or at the request of three or
more directors. Each director shall be given notice of each special meeting,
except the organization meeting, at least one day before it is to be held by
facsimile, telephone, telegram, letter or in person. Any director may waive any
such notice.

         Section 2.6. Quorum. A majority of the directors shall constitute a
quorum at any meeting, except when otherwise provided by law; but a less number
may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as
adjourned without further notice.


                                       3




         Section 2.7. Term of Office and Vacancy. Directors shall hold office
for one year and until their successors are elected and have qualified. No
person shall stand for election as a director of this Association if at the date
of his election he will have passed his seventieth birthday; provided, however,
this prohibition shall not apply to persons who are active officers of this
Association, an affiliate bank, or its parent corporation, or a former chief
executive officer of the Association. No person, who is not an officer or former
officer of this Association, an affiliate bank, or its parent corporation and
who has discontinued the principal position or activity the person held when
initially elected, shall be recommended to the shareholders for reelection;
provided, however, that exceptions may be made because of a change in principal
position or activity which would be compatible with continued service to this
Association. No person elected as a director may exercise any of the powers of
his office until he has taken the oath of office as prescribed by law. When any
vacancy occurs among the directors, the remaining members of the Board, in
accordance with the laws of the United States, may appoint a director to fill
such vacancy at any regular meeting of the Board, or at a special meeting called
for that purpose.

         Section 2.8. Nominations. Nominations for election to the Board may be
made by the Executive Committee or by any stockholder of any outstanding class
of capital stock of the Association entitled to vote for the election of
directors.

         Section 2.9. Communications Equipment. Any or all directors may
participate in a meeting of the Board by means of conference telephone or any
means of communication by which all persons participating in the meeting are
able to hear each other.

         Section 2.10. Action Without Meeting. Any action required or permitted
to be taken by the Board or committee thereof by law, the Association's Articles
of Association, or these Bylaws may be taken without a meeting, if, prior or
subsequent to the action, all members of the Board or committee shall
individually or collectively consent in writing to the action. Each written
consent or consents


                                       5


shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board or committee.
Action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous
vote of the directors, for all purposes. Any certificate or other documents that
relates to action so taken shall state that the action was taken by unanimous
written consent of the Board or committee without a meeting.

                                   ARTICLE III

                             Committees of the Board

         Section 3.1. Executive Committee. The Board may by resolution adopted
by a majority of the entire Board designate an Executive Committee consisting of
the Chairman of the Board, the President, and not less than two other directors.
Subject to the national banking laws and the Association's Articles of
Association, the Executive Committee may exercise all the powers of the Board of
Directors with respect to the affairs of the Association, except that the
Executive Committee may not:

         1.       (a)      exercise such powers while a quorum of the Board of
                           Directors is actually convened for the conduct of
                           business,

                  (b)      exercise any power specifically required to be
                           exercised by at least a majority of all the
                           directors,

                  (c)      act on matters committed by the Bylaws or resolution
                           of the Board of Directors to another committee of the
                           board, or


                                       5



                  (d)      amend or repeal any resolution theretofore adopted by
                           the Board of Directors which by its terms is
                           amendable or repealable only by the Board;

         2.       amend the Articles of Association or make, alter or repeal any
                  Bylaw of the Association;

         3.       elect or appoint any director, create or fill any vacancies in
                  the Board of Directors or remove any director, or authorize or
                  approve any change in the compensation of any officer of the
                  Association who is also a director of the Association;

         4.       authorize or approve issuance or sale or contract for sale of
                  shares of stock of the Association, or determine the
                  designation and relative rights, preferences and limitations
                  of a class or series of shares;

         5.       adopt an agreement of merger or consolidation, or submit to
                  shareholders any action that requires shareholder approval,
                  including any recommendation to the shareholders concerning
                  the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the
                  Association's property and assets, a dissolution of the
                  Association or a revocation of a previously approved
                  dissolution; or

         6.       authorize an expenditure by the Association in excess of $10
                  million for any one item or group of related items.

The committee shall hold regular meetings at such times as the members shall
agree and whenever called by the chairman of the committee. A majority of the
committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The
committee shall keep a record of its proceedings and shall report these
proceedings to the Board at the regular meetings thereof. The committee shall
serve as the nominating committee for nominations to the Board.

         Section 3.2. Chairman of the Executive Committee. The Board may
designate one of its members to be Chairman of the Executive Committee who shall
preside at the meetings thereof and shall perform such duties as the Board shall
assign to him from time to time.


                                       6


         Section 3.3. Audit Committee. The Board shall appoint a committee of
three or more persons exclusive of the officers of this Association which
committee shall be known as the Audit Committee. It shall be the duty of this
committee at least once in every twelve months to examine the affairs of the
Association, and determine whether it is in a sound and solvent condition and to
recommend to the Board such changes in the manner of doing business, etc., as
may seem to be desirable. The committee may cause such examination to be made in
its behalf and under its supervision by outside accountants and may also use the
services of any other persons either inside or outside the Association to assist
in its work. The results of each examination shall be reported in writing to the
Board.
         Section 3.4. Audit of Trust Department. The Audit Committee shall, at
least once during each calendar year and within fifteen months of the last such
audit make suitable audits of the Trust Department or cause suitable audits to
be made by auditors responsible only to the Board, and at such time shall
ascertain whether the department has been administered in accordance with law,
Part 9 of the Regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, and sound
fiduciary principles. In lieu of such periodic audit the Audit Committee, at the
election of the Board, may conduct or cause to be conducted by auditors
responsible only to the Board an adequate continuous audit system adopted by the
Board. A written report of such periodic or continuous audit shall be made to
the Board.

         Section 3.5. Other Committees. The Board may appoint from time to time
other committees composed of one or more persons each, for such purposes and
with such powers as the Board may determine. The Chairman of the Board shall
have the power to designate another person to serve on any committee during the
absence or inability of any member thereof so to serve.

         Section 3.6. Directors' Emeritus. The Board may designate one or more
persons to serve as Director Emeritus. Such Director Emeritus shall have the
right to attend any and all meetings of the Board, but shall have no vote at
such meetings. A person designated as Director Emeritus may serve in that
capacity for a period of three years.


                                       7


         Section 3.7. Alternate Committee Members. The Board may, from time to
time, appoint one or more, but no more than three persons to serve as alternate
members of a committee, each of whom shall be empowered to serve an that
committee in place of a regular committee member in the event of the absence or
disability of that committee member. An alternate committee member shall, when
serving on a committee, have all of the powers of a regular committee member.
Alternate committee members shall be notified of, and requested to serve at, a
particular meeting or meetings, or for particular periods of time, by or at the
direction of the chairman of the committee or the Chairman of the Board.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                                    Officers

         Section 4. l. Officers. The officers of the Association may be a
Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, one or more Chairmen or
Vice Chairmen (who shall not be required to be directors of the Association), a
President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Cashier or Treasurer, and
such other officers, including officers holding similar or equivalent titles to
the above in regions, divisions or functional units of the Association, as may
be appointed by the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board and the
President shall be members of the Board of Directors. Any two or more offices
may be held by one person, but no officer shall sign or execute any document in
more than one capacity.

         Section 4.2. Term of Office. The officers who are required by the
articles of association or the bylaws to be members of the Board shall hold
their respective offices until the Organization meeting of the Board following
the annual meeting of shareholders or until their respective successors shall
have been elected, unless they shall resign, become disqualified or be removed
from office. Each other officer shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board.
Any officer may be removed at any time by the Board.


                                       8


         Section 4.3. Chairman of the Board. The chairman of the board shall be
designated as Chairman of the Board. He shall preside at all meetings of the
stockholders and directors and he shall be a member of all committees of the
Board except the Audit Committee. He shall have such other powers and perform
such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board. He shall
be subject only to the direction and control of the Board.

         Section 4.4. President. The president shall be the chief executive
officer of the Association and he shall be designated as President and Chief
Executive Officer. In the absence of the Chairman the President shall preside at
all meetings of the Board. The President shall be a member of each committee of
the Board except the Audit Committee. He shall have the powers and perform the
duties conferred or imposed upon the President by the national banking laws, and
he shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may from time
to time be imposed upon or assigned to him by the Board.

         Section 4.5. Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial officer shall
have such title as may be designated by the Board and he shall be responsible
for all monies, funds and valuables of this Association, provide for the keeping
of proper records of all transactions of the Association, report to the Board at
each regular meeting the condition of the Association, submit to the Board, when
requested, a detailed statement of the income and expenses, be responsible for
the conduct and efficiency of all persons employed under him, and perform such
other duties as may be from time to time assigned to him by the Board.

         Section 4.6. Other Officers. All other officers shall respectively
exercise such powers and perform such duties as generally pertain to their
several offices, or as may be conferred upon or assigned to them by the Board,
the Chairman of the Board or the President.


                                       9


         Section 4.7. Bond. Each officer and employee, if so required by the
Board, shall give bond with surety to be approved by the Board, conditioning for
the honest discharge of his duties as such officer or employee. In the
discretion of the Board, such bonds may be individual, schedule or blanket form,
and the premiums may be paid by the Association.

         Section 4.8. Officers Acting as Assistant Secretary. Notwithstanding
Section 4.l of this Article IV, any Senior Vice President, Vice President or
Assistant Vice President shall have, by virtue of his office, and by authority
of the Bylaws, the authority from time to time to act as an Assistant Secretary
of the Association, and to such extent, said officers are appointed to the
office of Assistant Secretary.

                                    ARTICLE V

                                Fiduciary Powers

         Section 5.1 Trust Services Division. There shall be divisions of this
Association known as the Capital Management Group and the Wealth Management
Group which shall be responsible for the exercise of the fiduciary activities of
this Association.

         Section 5.2 Trust Officers. There shall be one or more Officers of this
Association whose duties in Delaware shall be to manage, supervise and direct
all the fiduciary activities of the Capital Management and Wealth Management
Groups in Delaware. Further, there shall be one or more Senior Trust Officers
designated to assist the Officers in the performance of their duties. They shall
do or cause to be done all things necessary or proper in carrying out the
business of the Capital Management and Wealth Management Groups in accordance
with provisions of applicable laws and regulations.

         Section 5.3 General Trust Committee. The Association appoints, as its
General Trust Committee, the General Trust Committee of Wachovia Bank, National
Association. The General


                                       10


Trust Committee is composed of not fewer than four (4) members of the Wachovia
Bank, National Association Board of Directors or officers of that Association
who shall be appointed annually, or from time to time, by the Board of Directors
of that Association. Each member shall serve until his successor is appointed.
The Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board may change the membership of
the General Trust Committee at any time, fill any vacancies therein, or
discharge any member thereof with or without cause at any time. The General
Trust Committee shall counsel and advise on all matters relating to the
fiduciary business or affairs of the Capital Management and Wealth Management
Groups and shall adopt overall policies for the conduct of the fiduciary
business of the Capital Management and Wealth Management Groups, including, but
not limited to: general administration, investment policies, new business
development, and review for approval of major assignments of functional
responsibilities. The General Trust Committee shall assign the administration
and performance of any of its fiduciary powers or duties to any subcommittee as
it may designate such subcommittee to consist of officers of this Association.
The General Trust Committee shall appoint the members of any such subcommittees
and shall determine the number of members which constitutes a quorum at meetings
of such subcommittees. The General Trust Committee shall meet at least quarterly
or as called for by its Chairman or any three (3) members of the Committee. A
quorum shall consist of three (3) members. In carrying out its responsibilities,
the General Trust Committee shall review the actions of all officers, employees
and committees utilized by this Association in connection with the fiduciary
activities of the Capital Management and Wealth Management Groups and may assign
the administration and performance of any fiduciary powers or duties to any
officers or employees of the Capital Management Group or Wealth Management Group
or to any committee it may designate. One of the methods to be used in the
review process will be the scrutiny of the Reports of Examination by the Office
of the Comptroller of the Currency and the


                                       11


reports of the Audit Division of Wachovia Corporation, as they relate to the
activities of the Capital Management and Wealth Management Groups. These reviews
shall be in addition to reviews of such reports by the Audit Committee of the
Board of Directors. The General Trust Committee shall make its minutes available
to the Board of Directors at its next regularly scheduled meeting following a
meeting of the General Trust Committee. As required by Section 9.4 of Regulation
9 of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Directors retains
responsibility for the proper exercise of this Association's fiduciary powers.

         Members of the General Trust Committee will abide by the Association's
Code of Conduct as it applies to the Capital Management and Wealth Management
Groups.

                                   ARTICLE VI

                        Stock Certificates and Transfers

         Section 6.1. Stock Certificates. Ownership of capital stock of the
Association shall be evidenced by certificates of stock signed by the Chairman
or President, and the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary. Each certificate
shall state upon its face that the stock is transferable only upon the books of
the Association by the holder thereof, or by duly authorized attorney, upon the
surrender of such certificate, and shall meet the requirements of Section 5139,
United States Revised Statutes, as amended.

         Section 6.2. Transfers. The stock of this Association shall be
assignable and transferable only on the books of this Association, subject to
the restrictions and provisions of the national banking laws; and a transfer
book shall be provided in which all assignments and transfers of stock shall be
made. When stock is transferred, the certificates thereof shall be returned to
the Association, canceled, preserved and new certificates issued.


                                       12


         Section 6.3. Dividends. Dividends shall be paid to the shareholders in
whose names the stock shall stand at the close of business on the day next
preceding the date when the dividends are payable, provided, however, that the
directors may fix another date as a record date for the determination of the
shareholders entitled to receive payment thereof.


                                       13




                                   ARTICLE VII

                                Increase of Stock

         Section 7.1. Capital Stock. Shares of the capital stock of the
Association, which have been authorized but not issued, may be issued from time
to time for such consideration, not less than the par value thereof, as may be
determined by the Board.

                                  ARTICLE VIII
                                 Corporate Seal

         Section 8.1. Seal. The seal, an impression of which appears below, is
the seal of the Association adopted by the Board of Directors:


                                     [Seal]




         The Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman, the President, Senior
Executive Vice President, Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President, Vice
President, each Assistant Vice President, the Chief Financial Officer, the
Secretary, each Assistant Secretary, each Trust Officer, each Assistant Trust
Officer or each Assistant Cashier, shall have the authority to affix the
corporate seal of this Association and to attest to the same.


                                       14




                                   ARTICLE IX

                            Miscellaneous Provisions

         Section 9.l. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Association shall be
the calendar year.

         Section 9.2. Execution of Instruments. All agreements, indentures,
mortgages, deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations, receipts,
discharges, releases, satisfactions, settlements, petitions, notices,
applications, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, proxies, and
other instruments or documents may be signed, executed, acknowledged, verified,
delivered or accepted in behalf of the Association by the Chairman of the Board,
the Vice Chairman of the Board, any Chairman or Vice Chairman, the President,
any Senior Executive Vice President, Executive Vice President, Vice President or
Assistant Vice President, the Secretary, the Cashier or Treasurer, or any
officer holding similar or equivalent titles to the above in any regions,
divisions or functional units of the Association, or, if in connection with the
exercise of fiduciary powers of the Association, by any of said officers or by
any Trust Officer or Assistant Trust Officer (or equivalent titles), and if so
required by applicable law or regulation, attested or countersigned by the
Secretary or Assistant Secretary; provided, however, that were required, any
such instrument shall be attested by one of said officers other than the officer
executing such instrument. Any such instruments may also be executed,
acknowledged, verified, delivered, or accepted in behalf of the Association in
such other manner and by such other officers as the Board of Directors may from
time to time direct. The provisions of this Section 9.2 are supplementary to any
other provision of these By-laws.

         Section 9.3. Records. The organization papers of this Association, the
articles of association, the bylaws and any amendments thereto, the proceedings
of all regular and special meetings of the shareholders and of the directors,
the returns of the judges of elections, and the reports of the


                                       15


committees of directors shall be recorded in an appropriate minute book, and the
minutes of each meeting shall be signed by the Secretary or any other officer
appointed to act as secretary of the meeting.

         Section 9.4. Banking Hours. This Association and its branch offices
shall be open on such days and during such hours as shall be fixed from time to
time by the Board.

         Section 9.5. Voting Shares of Other Corporations. The Chairman, any
Vice Chairman, the President, or any Vice President is authorized to vote,
represent and exercise on behalf of this Association all rights incident to any
and all shares of stock of any other corporation standing in the name of the
Association. The authority granted herein may be exercised by such officers in
person or by proxy or by power of attorney duly executed by said officer.

                                    ARTICLE X

                                     Bylaws

         Section 10.1. Inspection. A copy of the Bylaws, with all amendments
thereto, shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the Head Office of
the Association, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders, during
banking hours.

         Section 10.2. Amendments. These Bylaws may be changed or amended at any
regular or special meeting of the Board by the vote of a majority of the
Directors.



                                       16


                                                                       EXHIBIT D



Section 9.2 EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS. All agreements, indentures, mortgages,
deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations, receipts,
discharges, releases, satisfactions, settlements, petitions, notices,
applications, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, proxies,
and other instruments or documents may be signed, executed, acknowledged,
verified, delivered or accepted in behalf of the Association by the Chairman of
the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, any Chairman or Vice Chairman, the
President, any Senior Executive Vice President, Executive Vice President, Vice
President or Assistant Vice President, the Secretary, the Cashier or Treasurer,
or any officer holding similar or equivalent titles to the above in any
regions, divisions or functional units of the Association, or, if in connection
with the exercise of fiduciary powers of the Association, by any of said
officers or by any Trust Officer or Assistant Trust Officer (or equivalent
titles), and if so required by applicable law or regulation, attested or
countersigned by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary; provided, however, that
where required, any such instrument shall be attested by one of said officers
other than the officer executing such instrument. Any such instruments may also
be executed, acknowledged, verified, delivered, or accepted in behalf of the
Association in such other manner and by such other officers as the Board of
Directors may from time to time direct. The provisions of this Section 9.2 are
supplementary to any other provision of these Bylaws.


                                                                       EXHIBIT E

[LOGO]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comptroller of the Currency
Administrator of National Banks
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Washington, D.C. 20219

                        CERTIFICATE OF FIDUCIARY POWERS


I, John D. Hawke, Jr., Comptroller of the Currency, do hereby certify that:

1.   The Comptroller of the Currency, pursuant to Revised Statutes 324, et
seq., as amended, 12 U.S.C. 1, et seq., as amended, has possession, custody and
control of all records pertaining to the chartering of all National Banking
Associations.

2.   "Wachovia Trust Company, National Association," Wilmington, Delaware,
(Charter No. 23201) was granted, under the hand and seal of the Comptroller,
the right to act in all fiduciary capacities authorized under the provisions of
the Act of Congress approved September 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 668, 12 U.S.C. 92a,
and that the authority so granted remains in full force and effect on the date
of this Certificate.

<Table>
                         
                            IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto

                            subscribed my name and caused my seal of office to

       [Seal]               be affixed to these presents at the Treasury

                            Department in the City of Washington and District of

                            Columbia, this Thursday, April 04, 2002


                                           /s/ John D. Hawke, Jr.
                            ----------------------------------------------------
                                        Comptroller of the Currency
</Table>

[LOGO]                                                                 EXHIBIT F

- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY
     ADMINISTRATOR OF NATIONAL BANKS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     MULTINATIONAL BANKING DIVISION
     250 E STREET, SW
     WASHINGTON, D.C. 20219-0001


                              CHARTER CERTIFICATE

     Whereas, satisfactory evidence has been presented to the Office of the
Comptroller of the Currency that FIRST UNION TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION, located in WILMINGTON, State of DELAWARE, has complied with all
provisions of the statutes of the United States required to be complied with
before being authorized to commence the business of banking as a National
Banking Association;

     Now, therefore, I hereby certify that the above-named association is
authorized to commence the business of banking as a National Banking
Association.




In testimony whereof, witness my signature and
seal of office this fifteenth day of January 1997.
                                                          [SEAL]

- --------------------------------------------------
Deputy Comptroller for Multinational Banking



Charter Number 23201

                                                                       EXHIBIT G

[LOGO]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY
ADMINISTRATOR OF NATIONAL BANKS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20219


                       CERTIFICATE OF CORPORATE EXISTENCE

I, John D. Hawke, Jr., Comptroller of the Currency, do hereby certify that:

1.       The Comptroller of the Currency, pursuant to Revised Statutes 324, et
seq., as amended, 12 U.S.C. 1, et seq., as amended, has possession, custody and
control of all records pertaining to the chartering of all National Banking
Associations.

2.       "Wachovia Trust Company, National Association," Wilmington, Delaware,
(Charter No. 23201) is a National Banking Association formed under the laws of
the United States and is authorized thereunder to transact the business of
banking on the date of this Certificate.

<Table>
               
                  IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed my name and

[SEAL]            caused my seal of office to be affixed to these presents at

                  the Treasury Department in the City of Washington and

                  District of Columbia, this Thursday, April 4, 2002.


                                    /s/ John D. Hawke Jr.
                  ------------------------------------------------------------
                                 Comptroller of the Currency
</Table>