LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
                        TO TENDER SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
            (INCLUDING THE ASSOCIATED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE RIGHTS)

                                       OF

                              PRIMARK CORPORATION
                       PURSUANT TO THE OFFER TO PURCHASE
                              DATED JUNE 14, 2000

                                       OF

                        MARQUEE ACQUISITION CORPORATION
                     AN INDIRECT WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF

                            THE THOMSON CORPORATION
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         THE OFFER AND WITHDRAWAL RIGHTS WILL EXPIRE AT 12:00 MIDNIGHT,
   NEW YORK TIME, ON WEDNESDAY, JULY 12, 2000, UNLESS THE OFFER IS EXTENDED.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------

                        THE DEPOSITARY FOR THE OFFER IS:

                    CHASEMELLON SHAREHOLDER SERVICES, L.L.C.

                           By Facsimile Transmission
                       (for Eligible Institutions only):
                              Fax: (201) 296-4293

                             Confirm by Telephone:
                                 (201) 296-4860


                                                                  
      BY OVERNIGHT COURIER:                      BY MAIL:                            BY HAND:
        85 Challenger Road                 Post Office Box 3301             120 Broadway, 13(th) Floor
         Mail Drop-Reorg.               South Hackensack, NJ 07606              New York, NY 10271
    Ridgefield Park, NJ 07660           Attn: Reorganization Dept.          Attn: Reorganization Dept.



                                                                                         
                                           DESCRIPTION OF SHARES TENDERED
  NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) OF REGISTERED HOLDER(S)
   (PLEASE FILL IN, IF BLANK, EXACTLY AS NAME(S)                SHARE CERTIFICATE(S) AND SHARE(S) TENDERED
         APPEAR(S) ON SHARE CERTIFICATE(S))                       (ATTACH ADDITIONAL LIST, IF NECESSARY)
                                                                          TOTAL NUMBER OF SHARES
                                                      SHARE CERTIFICATE     EVIDENCED BY SHARE     NUMBER OF SHARES
                                                         NUMBER(S)*          CERTIFICATE(S)*          TENDERED**

                                                        TOTAL SHARES


 *   Need not be completed by Shareholders delivering Shares by book-entry
     transfer.

 **  Unless otherwise indicated, it will be assumed that all Shares evidenced
     by each Share Certificate delivered to the Depositary are being tendered
     hereby. See Instruction 4.

    This Letter of Transmittal is to be completed by shareholders of Primark
Corporation either if certificates evidencing Shares (as defined below) are to
be forwarded herewith or if delivery of Shares is to be made by book-entry
transfer to an account maintained by the Depositary at the Book-Entry Transfer
Facility (as defined in and pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 3 of
the Offer to Purchase). DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS TO A BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER FACILITY
DOES NOT CONSTITUTE DELIVERY TO THE DEPOSITARY.

    Shareholders whose certificates evidencing Shares ("Share Certificates") are
not immediately available or who cannot deliver their Share Certificates and all
other documents required hereby to the Depositary prior to the Expiration Date
(as defined in Section 1 of the Offer to Purchase) or who cannot complete the
procedure for delivery by book-entry transfer on a timely basis and who wish to
tender their Shares must do so pursuant to the guaranteed delivery procedure
described in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase. See Instruction 2.

/ /  CHECK HERE IF SHARES ARE BEING DELIVERED BY BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER TO THE
    DEPOSITARY'S ACCOUNT AT THE BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER FACILITY AND COMPLETE THE
    FOLLOWING:

    Name of Tendering Institution: _____________________________________________

    Account Number: ____________________________________________________________

    Transaction Code Number: ___________________________________________________

/ /  CHECK HERE IF SHARES ARE BEING TENDERED PURSUANT TO A NOTICE OF GUARANTEED
    DELIVERY PREVIOUSLY SENT TO THE DEPOSITARY AND COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING:

    Name(s) of Registered Holder(s): ___________________________________________

    Window Ticket No. (if any): ________________________________________________

    Date of Execution of Notice of Guaranteed Delivery: ________________________

    Name of Institution that Guaranteed Delivery: ______________________________

    If delivery is by book-entry transfer, give the following information:

    Account Number: ____________________________________________________________

    Transaction Code Number: ___________________________________________________
    DELIVERY OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL TO AN ADDRESS, OR TRANSMISSION OF
        INSTRUCTIONS VIA A FACSIMILE NUMBER, OTHER THAN AS SET FORTH ABOVE,
                       WILL NOT CONSTITUTE A VALID DELIVERY.

    THE INSTRUCTIONS ACCOMPANYING THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL SHOULD BE READ
             CAREFULLY BEFORE THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL IS COMPLETED.

                    NOTE: SIGNATURES MUST BE PROVIDED BELOW
              PLEASE READ THE ACCOMPANYING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

Ladies and Gentlemen:

    The undersigned hereby tenders to Marquee Acquisition Corporation, a
Michigan corporation ("Purchaser") and a wholly owned subsidiary of The Thomson
Corporation, a corporation organized under the laws of Ontario, Canada, the
above-described shares of common stock, no par value per share ("Shares"), of
Primark Corporation, a Michigan corporation (the "Company"), pursuant to
Purchaser's offer to purchase all Shares at $38.00 per Share, net to the seller
in cash, without interest, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set
forth in the Offer to Purchase, dated June 14, 2000 (the "Offer to Purchase"),
receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and in this Letter of Transmittal
(which, together with the Offer to Purchase and any amendments or supplements
hereto or thereto, collectively constitute the "Offer"). The undersigned
understands that Purchaser reserves the right to transfer or assign, in whole or
from time to time in part, to one or more of its affiliates the right to
purchase all or any portion of Shares tendered pursuant to the Offer.

    Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer (and if the Offer
is extended or amended, the terms of any such extension or amendment), and
subject to, and effective upon, acceptance for payment of Shares tendered
herewith, in accordance with the terms of the Offer, the undersigned hereby
sells, assigns and transfers to or upon the order of Purchaser all right, title
and interest in and to all Shares that are being tendered hereby and all
dividends, distributions (including, without limitation, distributions of
additional Shares) and rights declared, paid or distributed in respect of such
Shares on or after June 14, 2000 (collectively, "Distributions") and irrevocably
appoints the Depositary the true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact of the
undersigned with respect to such Shares (and all Distributions), with full power
of substitution (such power of attorney being deemed to be an irrevocable power
coupled with an interest), to (i) deliver Share Certificates evidencing such
Shares (and all Distributions), or transfer ownership of such Shares (and all
Distributions) on the account books maintained by the Book-Entry Transfer
Facility, together, in either case, with all accompanying evidences of transfer
and authenticity, to or upon the order of Purchaser, (ii) present such Shares
(and all Distributions) for transfer on the books of the Company and
(iii) receive all benefits and otherwise exercise all rights of beneficial
ownership of such Shares (and all Distributions), all in accordance with the
terms of the Offer.

    By executing this Letter of Transmittal, the undersigned hereby irrevocably
appoints the designees of Purchaser and The Thomson Corporation and each of
them, as the attorneys and proxies of the undersigned, each with full power of
substitution, to vote in such manner as each such attorney and proxy or his
substitute shall, in his sole discretion, deem proper and otherwise act (by
written consent or otherwise) with respect to all Shares tendered hereby which
have been accepted for payment by Purchaser prior to the time of such vote or
other action and all Shares and other securities issued in Distributions in
respect of such Shares, which the undersigned is entitled to vote at any meeting
of shareholders of the Company (whether annual or special and whether or not an
adjourned or postponed meeting) or consent in lieu of any such meeting or
otherwise. This proxy and power of attorney is coupled with an interest in
Shares tendered hereby, is irrevocable and is granted in consideration of, and
is effective upon, the acceptance for payment of such Shares by Purchaser in
accordance with other terms of the Offer. Such acceptance for payment shall
revoke all other proxies and powers of attorney granted by the undersigned at
any time with respect to such Shares (and all Shares and other securities issued
in Distributions in respect of such Shares), and no subsequent proxies, powers
of attorney, consents or revocations may be given by the undersigned with
respect thereto (and if given will not be deemed effective). The undersigned
understands that, in order for Shares or Distributions to be deemed validly
tendered, immediately upon Purchaser's acceptance of such Shares for payment,
Purchaser must be able to exercise full voting and other rights with respect to
such Shares (and any and all Distributions), including, without limitation,
voting at any meeting of the Company's shareholders then scheduled.

    The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full
power and authority to tender, sell, assign and transfer Shares tendered hereby
and all Distributions, that when such Shares are accepted for payment by
Purchaser, Purchaser will acquire good, marketable and unencumbered title
thereto and to all Distributions, free and clear of all liens, restriction,
charges and encumbrances, and that none of such Shares and Distributions will be
subject to any adverse claim. The undersigned, upon request, shall execute and
deliver all additional documents deemed by the Depositary or Purchaser to be
necessary or desirable to complete the sale, assignment and transfer of Shares
tendered hereby and all Distributions. In addition, the undersigned shall remit
and transfer promptly to the Depositary for the account of Purchaser all
Distributions in respect of Shares tendered hereby, accompanied by appropriate
documentation of transfer, and pending such remittance and transfer or
appropriate assurance thereof, Purchaser shall be entitled to all rights and
privileges as owner of each such Distribution and may withhold the entire
purchase price of Shares tendered hereby, or deduct from such purchase price,
the amount or value of such Distribution as determined by Purchaser in its sole
discretion.

    No authority herein conferred or agreed to be conferred shall be affected
by, and all such authority shall survive, the death or incapacity of the
undersigned. All obligations of the undersigned hereunder shall be binding upon
the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of the undersigned.
Except as stated in the Offer to Purchase, this tender is irrevocable.

    The undersigned understands that the valid tender of Shares pursuant to any
one of the procedures described in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase and in the
Instructions hereto will constitute the undersigned's acceptance of the terms
and conditions of the Offer. Purchaser's acceptance of such Shares for payment
will constitute a binding agreement between the undersigned and Purchaser upon
the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer (and if the Offer is
extended or amended, the terms or conditions of any such extension or
amendment).

    Unless otherwise indicated below in the box entitled "Special Payment
Instructions", please issue the check for the purchase price of all Shares
purchased and return all Share Certificates evidencing Shares not tendered or
not accepted for payment in the name(s) of the registered holder(s) appearing
above under "Description of Shares Tendered". Similarly, unless otherwise
indicated below in the box entitled "Special Delivery Instructions", please mail
the check for the purchase price of all Shares purchased and return all Share
Certificates evidencing Shares not tendered or not accepted for payment (and
accompanying documents, as appropriate) to the address(es) of the registered
holder(s) appearing above under "Description of Shares Tendered" on the reverse
hereof. In the event that the boxes below entitled "Special Payment
Instructions" and "Special Delivery Instructions" are both completed, please
issue the check for the purchase price of all Shares purchased and return all
Share Certificates evidencing Shares not tendered or not accepted for payment in
the name(s) of, and deliver such check and return such Share Certificates (and
any accompanying documents, as appropriate) to, the person(s) so indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated below in the box entitled "Special Payment
Instructions", please credit any Shares tendered hereby and delivered by
book-entry transfer that are not accepted for payment by crediting the account
at the Book-Entry Transfer Facility designated above. The undersigned recognizes
that Purchaser has no obligation, pursuant to the Special Payment Instructions,
to transfer any Shares from the name of the registered holder(s) thereof if
Purchaser does not accept for payment any Shares tendered hereby.

- --------------------------------------------------------

                          SPECIAL PAYMENT INSTRUCTIONS
                        (SEE INSTRUCTIONS 1, 5, 6 AND 7)

      To be completed ONLY if the check for the purchase price of Shares and
  Share Certificates evidencing Shares not tendered or not purchased are to be
  issued in the name of someone other than the undersigned.

  Issue Check and Share Certificate(s) to:

  Name: ______________________________________________________________________
                                 (PLEASE PRINT)

  Address: ___________________________________________________________________

  ____________________________________________________________________________
  ____________________________________________________________________________
                                   (ZIP CODE)

   __________________________________________________________________________
                 (TAX IDENTIFICATION OR SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER)
                   (SEE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 ON REVERSE SIDE)
  Account
  Number: ____________________________________________________________________

- --------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------

                         SPECIAL DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS
                        (SEE INSTRUCTIONS 1, 5, 6 AND 7)

      To be completed ONLY if the check for the purchase price of Shares
  purchased and Share Certificates evidencing Shares not tendered or not
  purchased are to be mailed to someone other than the undersigned, or the
  undersigned at an address other than that shown under "Description of Shares
  Tendered".

  Mail Check and Share Certificate(s) to:

  Name: ______________________________________________________________________
                                 (PLEASE PRINT)

  Address: ___________________________________________________________________

  ____________________________________________________________________________

  ____________________________________________________________________________
                                   (ZIP CODE)

   __________________________________________________________________________
                 (TAX IDENTIFICATION OR SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER)
                   (SEE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 ON REVERSE SIDE)

- -----------------------------------------------------

                                   IMPORTANT
                            SHAREHOLDERS: SIGN HERE
                  (Please Complete Substitute Form W-9 Below)

- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           SIGNATURE(S) OF HOLDER(S)

Dated: ___________, 2000

(Must be signed by registered holder(s) exactly as name(s) appear(s) on Share
Certificates or on a security position listing by person(s) authorized to become
registered holder(s) by certificates and documents transmitted herewith. If
signature is by a trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, attorney-in-fact,
officer of a corporation or other person acting in a fiduciary or representative
capacity, please provide the following information and see Instruction 5.)

Name(s): _______________________________________________________________________
                                  PLEASE PRINT

Capacity (full title): _________________________________________________________

Address: _______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
                                INCLUDE ZIP CODE

Daytime Area Code and Telephone No: ____________________________________________

Taxpayer Identification or
Social Security No.: ___________________________________________________________
                    (SEE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 ON REVERSE SIDE)

                           GUARANTEE OF SIGNATURE(S)
                           (SEE INSTRUCTIONS 1 AND 5)

                    FOR USE BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ONLY.
                    FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: PLACE MEDALLION
                            GUARANTEE IN SPACE BELOW

                                  INSTRUCTIONS

             Forming Part of the Terms and Conditions of the Offer

    1.  GUARANTEE OF SIGNATURES.  All signatures on this Letter of Transmittal
must be guaranteed by a firm which is a member of the Security Transfer Agent
Medallion Signature Program, or by any other "eligible guarantor institution",
as such term is defined in Rule 17Ad-15 promulgated under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (each of the foregoing being an "Eligible
Institution") unless (i) this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered
holder(s) of Shares (which term, for purposes of this document, shall include
any participant in the Book-Entry Transfer Facility whose name appears on a
security position listing as the owner of Shares) tendered hereby and such
holder(s) has (have) not completed the box entitled "Special Payment
Instructions" or "Special Delivery Instructions" on the reverse hereof or
(ii) such Shares are tendered for the account of an Eligible Institution. See
Instruction 5.

    2.  DELIVERY OF LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND SHARE CERTIFICATES.  This Letter
of Transmittal is to be used either if Share Certificates are to be forwarded
herewith or if tenders are to be made pursuant to the procedures for tenders by
book-entry transfer pursuant to the procedure set forth in Section 3 of the
Offer to Purchase. Share Certificates evidencing all physically tendered Shares,
or a confirmation of a book-entry transfer into the Depositary's account at the
Book-Entry Transfer Facility of all Shares delivered by book-entry transfer, as
well as a properly completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal (or a
manually signed facsimile thereof) and any other documents required by this
Letter of Transmittal, must be received by the Depositary at one of its
addresses set forth below prior to the Expiration Date (as defined in Section 1
of the Offer to Purchase). If Share Certificates are forwarded to the Depositary
in multiple deliveries, a properly completed and duly executed Letter of
Transmittal must accompany each such delivery. Shareholders whose Share
Certificates are not immediately available, who cannot deliver their Share
Certificates and all other required documents to the Depositary prior to the
Expiration Date or who cannot complete the procedure for delivery by book-entry
transfer on a timely basis may tender their Shares pursuant to the guaranteed
delivery procedure described in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase. Pursuant to
such procedure: (i) such tender must be made by or through an Eligible
Institution; (ii) a properly completed and duly executed Notice of Guaranteed
Delivery, substantially in the form made available by Purchaser, must be
received by the Depositary prior to the Expiration Date; and (iii) the Share
Certificates evidencing all physically delivered Shares in proper form for
transfer by delivery, or a confirmation of a book-entry transfer into the
Depositary's account at the Book-Entry Transfer Facility of all Shares delivered
by book-entry transfer, in each case together with a Letter of Transmittal (or a
facsimile thereof), properly completed and duly executed, with any required
signature guarantees (or in the case of a book-entry transfer, an Agent's
Message (as defined in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase)) and any other
documents required by this Letter of Transmittal, must be received by the
Depositary within three trading days after the date of execution of such Notice
of Guaranteed Delivery, all as described in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase.

    THE METHOD OF DELIVERY OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL, SHARE CERTIFICATES AND
ALL OTHER REQUIRED DOCUMENTS, INCLUDING DELIVERY THROUGH THE BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER
FACILITY, IS AT THE OPTION AND RISK OF THE TENDERING SHAREHOLDER, AND THE
DELIVERY WILL BE DEEMED MADE ONLY WHEN ACTUALLY RECEIVED BY THE DEPOSITARY. IF
DELIVERY IS BY MAIL, REGISTERED MAIL WITH RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, PROPERLY
INSURED, IS RECOMMENDED. IN ALL CASES, SUFFICIENT TIME SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO
ENSURE TIMELY DELIVERY.

    No alternative, conditional or contingent tenders will be accepted and no
fractional Shares will be purchased. By execution of this Letter of Transmittal
(or a manually signed facsimile hereof), all tendering shareholders waive any
right to receive any notice of the acceptance of their Shares for payment.

    3.  INADEQUATE SPACE.  If the space provided on the reverse hereof under
"Description of Shares Tendered" is inadequate, the Share Certificate numbers,
the number of Shares evidenced by such Share Certificates and the number of
Shares tendered should be listed on a separate signed schedule and attached
hereto.

    4.  PARTIAL TENDERS (NOT APPLICABLE TO SHAREHOLDERS WHO TENDER BY BOOK-ENTRY
TRANSFER).  If fewer than all Shares evidenced by any Share Certificate
delivered to the Depositary herewith are to be tendered hereby, fill in the
number of Shares that are to be tendered in the box entitled "Number of Shares
Tendered". In such cases, new Share Certificate(s) evidencing the remainder of
Shares that were evidenced by the Share Certificates delivered to the Depositary
herewith will be sent to the person(s) signing this Letter of Transmittal,
unless otherwise provided in the box entitled "Special Delivery Instructions" on
the reverse hereof, as soon as practicable after the Expiration Date or the
termination of the Offer. All Shares evidenced by Share Certificates delivered
to the Depositary will be deemed to have been tendered unless otherwise
indicated.

    5.  SIGNATURES ON LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL; STOCK POWERS AND ENDORSEMENTS.  If
this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered holder(s) of Shares
tendered hereby, the signature(s) must correspond with the name(s) as written on
the face of the Share Certificates evidencing such Shares without alteration,
enlargement or any other change whatsoever.

    If any Shares tendered hereby is held of record by two or more persons, all
such persons must sign this Letter of Transmittal.

    If any Shares tendered hereby are registered in different names, it will be
necessary to complete, sign and submit as many separate Letters of Transmittal
as there are different registrations of such Shares.

    If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered holder(s) of
Shares tendered hereby, no endorsements of Share Certificates or separate stock
powers are required, unless payment is to be made to, or Share Certificates
evidencing Shares not tendered or not accepted for payment are to be issued in
the name of, a person other than the registered holder(s). If the Letter of
Transmittal is signed by a person other than the registered holder(s) of the
Share Certificate(s) evidencing Shares tendered, the Share Certificate(s)
tendered hereby must be endorsed or accompanied by appropriate stock powers, in
either case signed exactly as the name(s) of the registered holder(s) appear(s)
on such Share Certificate(s). Signatures on such Share Certificate(s) and stock
powers must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

    If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by a person other than the
registered holder(s) of Shares tendered hereby, the Share Certificate(s)
evidencing Shares tendered hereby must be endorsed or accompanied by appropriate
stock powers, in either case signed exactly as the name(s) of the registered
holder(s) appear(s) on such Share Certificate(s). Signatures on such Share
Certificate(s) and stock powers must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

    If this Letter of Transmittal or any Share Certificate or stock power is
signed by a trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, attorney-in-fact,
officer of a corporation or other person acting in a fiduciary or representative
capacity, such person should so indicate when signing, and proper evidence
satisfactory to Purchaser of such person's authority so to act must be
submitted.

    6.  STOCK TRANSFER TAXES.  Except as otherwise provided in this Instruction
6, Purchaser will pay all stock transfer taxes with respect to the sale and
transfer of any Shares to it or its order pursuant to the Offer. If, however,
payment of the purchase price of any Shares purchased is to be made to, or Share
Certificate(s) evidencing Shares not tendered or not accepted for payment are to
be issued in the name of, any person other than the registered holder(s) or if
tendered certificates are registered in the name of any person other than the
person(s) signing the Letter of Transmittal, the amount of any stock transfer
taxes (whether imposed on the registered holder(s), or such other person, or
otherwise) payable on account of the transfer to such other person will be
deducted from the purchase price of such Shares purchased, unless evidence
satisfactory to Purchaser of the payment of such taxes, or exemption therefrom,
is submitted.

    Except as provided in this Instruction 6, it will not be necessary for
transfer tax stamps to be affixed to the Share Certificates evidencing Shares
tendered hereby.

    7.  SPECIAL PAYMENT AND DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS.  If a check for the purchase
price of any Shares tendered hereby is to be issued in the name of, and/or Share
Certificate(s) evidencing Shares not tendered or not accepted for payment are to
be issued in the name of and/or returned to, a person other than the person(s)
signing this Letter of Transmittal or if such check or any such Share
Certificate is to be sent to a person other than the signor of this Letter of
Transmittal or to the person(s) signing this Letter of Transmittal but at an
address other than that shown in the box entitled "Description of Shares
Tendered" on the reverse hereof, the appropriate boxes herein must be completed.

    8.  QUESTIONS AND REQUESTS FOR ASSISTANCE OR ADDITIONAL COPIES.  Questions
and requests for assistance may be directed to the Information Agent or the
Dealer Manager at their respective addresses or telephone numbers set forth
below. Additional copies of the Offer to Purchase, this Letter of Transmittal,
the Notice of Guaranteed Delivery and the Guidelines for Certification of
Taxpayer Identification Number on Substitute Form W-9 may be obtained from the
Information Agent.

    9.  SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9.  Each tendering shareholder is required to provide
the Depositary with a correct Taxpayer Identification Number ("TIN") on the
Substitute Form W-9 which is provided under "Important Tax Information" below,
and to certify, under penalty of perjury, that such number is correct and that
such shareholder is not subject to backup withholding of federal income tax. If
a tendering shareholder has been notified by the Internal Revenue Service that
such shareholder is subject to backup withholding, such shareholder must cross
out item (2) of the Certification box of the Substitute Form W-9, unless such
shareholder has since been notified by the Internal Revenue Service that such
shareholder is no longer subject to backup withholding. Failure to provide the
information on the Substitute Form W-9 may subject the tendering shareholder to
31% federal income tax withholding on the payment of the purchase price of all
Shares purchased from such shareholder. If the tendering shareholder has not
been issued a TIN and has applied for one or intends to apply for one in the
near future, such shareholder should write "Applied For" in the space provided
for the TIN in Part I of the Substitute Form W-9, and sign and date the
Substitute Form W-9. If "Applied For" is written in Part I and the Depositary is
not provided with a TIN within 60 days, the Depositary will withhold 31% on all
payments of the purchase price to such shareholder until a TIN is provided to
the Depositary.

    IMPORTANT: THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL (OR MANUALLY SIGNED FACSIMILE HEREOF),
PROPERLY COMPLETED AND DULY EXECUTED (TOGETHER WITH ANY REQUIRED SIGNATURE
GUARANTEES (OR, IN THE CASE OF A BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER, AN AGENT'S MESSAGE) AND
SHARE CERTIFICATES OR CONFIRMATION OF BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER AND ALL OTHER REQUIRED
DOCUMENTS) OR A PROPERLY COMPLETED AND DULY EXECUTED NOTICE OF GUARANTEED
DELIVERY MUST BE RECEIVED BY THE DEPOSITARY PRIOR TO THE EXPIRATION DATE (AS
DEFINED IN THE OFFER TO PURCHASE).

                           IMPORTANT TAX INFORMATION

    Under U.S. federal income tax law, a shareholder whose tendered Shares are
accepted for payment is generally required to provide the Depositary (as payer)
with such shareholder's correct TIN on Substitute Form W-9 provided herewith. If
such shareholder is an individual, the TIN generally is such shareholder's
social security number. If the Depositary is not provided with the correct TIN,
the shareholder may be subject to a $50 penalty imposed by the Internal Revenue
Service and payments that are made to such shareholder with respect to Shares
purchased pursuant to the Offer may be subject to backup withholding of 31%. In
addition, if a shareholder makes a false statement that results in no imposition
of backup withholding, and there was no reasonable basis for making such
statement, a $500 penalty may also be imposed by the Internal Revenue Service.

    Certain shareholders (including, among others, corporations and certain
foreign individuals) are not subject to these backup withholding and reporting
requirements. In order for a foreign individual to qualify as an exempt
recipient, such individual must submit a statement (Internal Revenue Service
Form W-8), signed under penalties of perjury, attesting to such individual's
exempt status. Forms of such statements can be obtained from the Depositary. See
the enclosed "Guidelines for Certification of Taxpayer Identification Number on
Substitute Form W-9" for additional instructions. A shareholder should consult
his or her tax advisor as to such shareholder's qualification for exemption from
backup withholding and the procedure for obtaining such exemption.

    If backup withholding applies, the Depositary is required to withhold 31% of
any payments made to the shareholder. Backup withholding is not an additional
tax. Rather, the federal income tax liability of persons subject to backup
withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax withheld. If withholding
results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund may be obtained provided that the
required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.

    PURPOSE OF SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

    To prevent backup withholding on payments that are made to a shareholder
with respect to Shares purchased pursuant to the Offer, the shareholder is
required to notify the Depositary of such shareholder's correct TIN by
completing the form below certifying that (a) the TIN provided on Substitute
Form W-9 is correct (or that such shareholder is awaiting a TIN), and
(b)(i) such shareholder has not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service
that he is subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all
interest or dividends or (ii) the Internal Revenue Service has notified such
shareholder that such shareholder is no longer subject to backup withholding.

    WHAT NUMBER TO GIVE THE DEPOSITARY

    The shareholder is required to give the Depositary the TIN (e.g., social
security number or employer identification number) of the record holder of
Shares tendered hereby. If Shares are in more than one name or are not in the
name of the actual owner, consult the enclosed "Guidelines for Certification of
Taxpayer Identification Number on Substitute Form W-9" for additional guidance
on which number to report. If the tendering shareholder has not been issued a
TIN and has applied for a number or intends to apply for a number in the near
future, the shareholder should write "Applied For" in the space provided for the
TIN in Part I, and sign and dated the Substitute Form W-9. If "Applied For" is
written in Part I and the Depositary is not provided with a TIN within 60 days,
the Depositary will withhold 31% of all payments of the purchase price to such
shareholder until a TIN is provided to the Depositary.





                                                                  
                          PAYER'S NAME: CHASEMELLON SHAREHOLDER SERVICES, L.L.C.
SUBSTITUTE                          PART I--Taxpayer Identification           Social security number
FORM W-9                            Number--For all accounts, enter                     or
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY          your taxpayer identification          Employer identification number
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE            number in the box at right. (For          (If awaiting TIN write
PAYER'S REQUEST FOR TAXPAYER        most individuals, this is your                "Applied For")
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (TIN)         social security number. If you do
                                    not have a number, see "Obtaining
                                    a Number" in the enclosed
                                    GUIDELINES.) Certify by signing
                                    and dating below. Note: If the
                                    account is in more than one name,
                                    see the chart in the enclosed
                                    GUIDELINES to determine which
                                    number to give the payer.
                                    PART II--For Payees Exempt from Backup Withholding, see the enclosed
                                    GUIDELINES and complete as instructed therein.
CERTIFICATION--Under penalties of perjury, I certify that:

(1)  The number shown on this form is my correct Taxpayer Identification Number (or I am waiting for a
number to be issued to me), and

(2)  I am not subject to backup withholding because: (a) I am exempt from backup withholding, or (b) I
have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") that I am subject to back-up
withholding as a result of failure to report all interest or dividends, or (c) the IRS has notified me
that I am no longer subject to backup withholding.

CERTIFICATE INSTRUCTIONS--You must cross out item (2) above if you have been notified by the IRS that you
are currently subject to backup withholding because of underreporting interest or dividends on your tax
return. However, if after being notified by the IRS that you were subject to backup withholding you
received another notification from the IRS that you are no longer subject to backup withholding, do not
cross out item (2). (Also see instructions in the enclosed GUIDELINES.)
SIGNATURE                                          DATE , 2000


NOTE:  FAILURE TO COMPLETE AND RETURN THIS FORM MAY RESULT IN BACKUP WITHHOLDING
       OF 31% OF ANY PAYMENTS MADE TO YOU PURSUANT TO THIS OFFER. PLEASE REVIEW
       THE ENCLOSED "GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
       NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9" FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS.

NOTE:  YOU MUST COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CERTIFICATE IF YOU ARE AWAITING A
       TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.

             CERTIFICATE OF AWAITING TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

I CERTIFY UNDER PENALTIES OF PERJURY THAT A TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER HAS
NOT BEEN ISSUED TO ME, AND EITHER (1) I HAVE MAILED OR DELIVERED AN APPLICATION
TO RECEIVE A TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO THE APPROPRIATE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE CENTER OR SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OR (2) I INTEND TO MAIL
OR DELIVER AN APPLICATION IN THE NEAR FUTURE. I UNDERSTAND THAT IF I DO NOT
PROVIDE A TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER BY THE TIME OF PAYMENT, 31% OF ALL
REPORTABLE CASH PAYMENTS MADE TO ME THEREAFTER WILL BE WITHHELD UNTIL I PROVIDE
A TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.

SIGNATURE: _____________________________________________  DATE: ________________

    Facsimilies of the Letter of Transmittal, properly completed and duly
signed, will be accepted. The Letter of Transmittal and Share Certificates and
any other required documents should be sent or delivered by each shareholder or
such shareholder's broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other
nominee to the Depositary at one of its addresses or to the facsimile number set
forth below.

                        THE DEPOSITARY FOR THE OFFER IS:

                    CHASEMELLON SHAREHOLDER SERVICES, L.L.C.


                                                                  
                                        By Facsimile Transmission
                                    (for Eligible Institutions only):
                                             (201) 296-4293

                                          Confirm by Telephone:
                                             (201) 296-4860

      BY OVERNIGHT COURIER:                      BY MAIL:                            BY HAND:
        85 Challenger Road                 Post Office Box 3301             120 Broadway, 13(th) Floor
         Mail Drop-Reorg.               South Hackensack, NJ 07660              New York, NY 10271
    Ridgefield Park, NJ 07660           Attn: Reorganization Dept.          Attn: Reorganization Dept.


                            ------------------------

    Questions or requests for assistance may be directed to the Information
Agent at its address and telephone number listed below. Additional copies of the
Offer to Purchase, this Letter of Transmittal and the Notice of Guaranteed
Delivery may be obtained from the Information Agent. A shareholder may also
contact brokers, dealers, commercial banks or trust companies for assistance
concerning the Offer.

                    THE INFORMATION AGENT FOR THE OFFER IS:

                                     [LOGO]

                         501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor
                            New York, New York 10022
                 BANKS AND BROKERS CALL COLLECT: (212) 750-5833
                   ALL OTHERS CALL TOLL FREE: (888) 750-5834

                      THE DEALER MANAGER FOR THE OFFER IS:

                           MORGAN STANLEY DEAN WITTER
                       Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
                                 1585 Broadway
                            New York, New York 10036
                                 (212) 761-6051