GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                          NUMBER OF SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

Guidelines for Determining the Proper Identification Number to Give the Payer--
Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens:  i.e. 000-00-
0000.  Employee identification numbers have nine digits separated by only one
hyphen:  i.e. 00-0000000.  The table below will help determine the number to
give the payer.

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                                             Give the
                                             SOCIAL SECURITY
For this type of account:                    number of--
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.  An individual's account                  The individual

2.  Two or more individuals                  The actual owner of the account of,
    (joint account)                          if combined funds, any one of the
                                             individuals (1)

3.  Husband and wife (joint account)         The actual owner of the account or,
                                             if joint funds, either person (1)

4.  Custodian account of a minor             The minor (2)
    (Uniform Gift to Minors Act)

5.  Adult and minor (joint account)          The adult or, if the minor is the
                                             only contributor, the minor (1)

6.  Account in the name of guardian          The ward, minor, or incompetent
    or committee for a designated            person (3)
    ward, minor, or incompetent person

7.  a. The usual revocable savings trust     The grantor-trustee (1)
    account (grantor is also trustee)

    b. So-called trust account that is       The actual owner (1)
    not a legal or valid trust under
    State law

8.  Sole proprietorship account              The owner (4)

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                                             Give the EMPLOYER
                                             IDENTIFICATION
For this type of account:                    number of--
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.  A valid trust, estate, or pension        The legal entity (Do not furnish
    trust                                    the identifying number of the
                                             representative or trustee unless
                                             the legal entity itself is not
                                             designated in the account title)
                                             (5)

10. Corporate account                        The corporation

11. Religious, charitable, or educational    The organization
    organization account

12. Partnership account held in the name     The partnership
    of the business

13. Association, club, or other tax-exempt   The organization
    organization

14. A broker or registered nominee           The broker or nominee

15. Account with the Department of           The public entity
    Agriculture in the name of a
    public entity (such as a State or
    local government, school district,
    or prison) that receives agricultural
    program payments

- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.

(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.

(3) Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
    person's social security number.

(4) Show the name of the owner.

(5) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust.

Note:     If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number
          will be considered to be that of the first name listed.



             GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                          NUMBER OF SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
                                     Page 2

OBTAINING A NUMBER

If you don't have a taxpayer identification number or you don't know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or Form
SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office of the
Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service and apply for a
number.

PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING

Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL payments include the
following:

     -    A corporation

     -    A financial institution

     -    An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or an individual
          retirement plan.

     -    The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

     -    A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States,
          or any subdivision or instrumentality thereof.

     -    A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government,
          or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

     -    An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality
          thereof.

     -    A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the
          U.S. or a possession of the U.S.

     -    A real estate investment trust.

     -    A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).

     -    An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a nonexempt trust as
          described in section 4947(a)(1).

     -    An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of
          1940.

     -    A foreign central bank of issue.

     Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to
backup withholding include the following:

     -    Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section
          1441.

     -    Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the
          U.S. and which have at least one nonresident partner.

     -    Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid
          in money.

     -    Payments made by certain foreign organizations.

     -    Payments made to a nominee.

     Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include
the following:

     -    Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals.  Note:  You
          may be subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more
          and is paid in the course of the payer's trade or business and you
          have not provided your correct taxpayer identification number to the
          payer.

     -    Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends
          under section 852).  Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to non-
          resident aliens.

     -    Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.

     -    Payments made by certain foreign organizations.

     -    Payments made to a nominee.

Exempt payees described above should file form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous
backup withholding.  FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR TAXPAYER
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, AND RETURN IT TO
THE PAYER.  IF THE PAYMENTS ARE INTEREST, DIVIDENDS, OR PATRONAGE DIVIDENDS,
ALSO SIGN AND DATE THE FORM.

     Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends,
that are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding.  For details, see the regulations under sections 6041, 6041A(a),
6045, and 6050A.

Privacy Act Notice--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividends, interest
or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers who must
report the payments to IRS.  IRS uses the numbers for identification purposes.
Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are required to file
tax returns.  Beginning January 1, 1993, payers must generally withhold 31% of
taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does not
furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer.  Certain penalties may also
apply.

PENALTIES

(1) PENALTIES FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.--If you
fail to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payee, you are subject
to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to a
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.

(2) FAILURE TO REPORT CERTAIN DIVIDEND AND INTEREST PAYMENTS.--If you fail to
include any portion of an includible payment for interest, dividends, or
patronage dividends in gross income, such failure will be treated as being due
to negligence and will be subject to a penalty of 5% on any portion of an under-
payment attributable to that failure unless there is clear and convincing
evidence to the contrary.

(3) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO  WITHHOLDING.--If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.

(4) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION.--Falsifying certifications or
affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.