FORM 10-K
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-13165
CRYOLIFE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Florida 59-2417093
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
1655 Roberts Boulevard N.W., Kennesaw, GA 30144
(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code (770) 419-3355
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE
TITLE OF EACH CLASS ON WHICH REGISTERED
Common Stock, $.01 par value New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Share Purchase Rights New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. X Yes [X] No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the
registrant was approximately $369,802,655 at March 26, 2002 (16,885,966 shares).
The number of common shares outstanding at March 26, 2002 was 19,484,931
(exclusive of treasury shares).
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III: Portions of Registrant's Proxy Statement relating to the Annual
Meeting of Shareholders to be filed not later than April 30,2002.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
OVERVIEW
CryoLife, Inc. ("CryoLife" or the "Company") is the leader in the preservation
of human tissues for cardiovascular, vascular and orthopaedic transplant
applications. Additionally, the Company develops and commercializes implantable
medical devices, including BioGlue(R) Surgical Adhesive, glutaraldehyde-fixed
stentless porcine heart valves, and tissue-engineered SynerGraft(R) porcine
heart valves and bovine vascular grafts. The Company uses its expertise in
biochemistry, cell biology, immunology and protein chemistry and its
understanding of the needs of the cardiovascular, vascular and orthopaedic
surgery medical specialties, to continue expansion of its core preservation
business and to develop or acquire complementary implantable products and
technologies for these surgical specialties. For detailed financial information
on CryoLife's operating segments, see Note 19 of notes to the consolidated
financial statements.
CryoLife processes and distributes for transplantation preserved human
cardiovascular, vascular and orthopaedic tissue. Management believes that
cryopreserved human heart valves and conduits offer specific advantages over
mechanical, synthetic and animal-derived alternatives. Depending on the
alternative, these advantages include a more natural hemodynamic functionality,
the elimination of a long-term need for anti-coagulation drug therapy, a reduced
incidence of reoperation and a reduced risk of catastrophic failure,
thromboembolism (stroke) or calcification. The Company applies its proprietary
SynerGraft technology to enhance the preservation of certain human
cardiovascular and vascular tissues. The Company estimates that it provided in
excess of 70% of the preserved human heart valve tissue implanted in the U.S. in
2001. The Company also provides preservation services for surgical replacements
for the meniscus and the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, which are
critical to the proper operation of the human knee, as well as osteochondral
grafts used for the repair of cartilage defects in the knee. The Company
estimates that the potential U.S. market for implantable products targeting
indications addressed by the preserved tissues processed by the Company was in
excess of $1 billion in 2001. The Company seeks to expand the availability of
human tissue through its established relationships with approximately 100 tissue
banks and organ procurement agencies nationwide.
CryoLife has developed implantable biomaterials for use as surgical adhesives
and sealants. The Company's patent protected BioGlue Surgical Adhesive, designed
for cardiovascular, vascular, pulmonary, and general surgical applications, is a
polymer based on a derivative of an animal blood protein and a cross-linking
agent. The Company estimates that the annual worldwide market for surgical
sutures and staples in 2001 was in excess of $2 billion. The Company received a
Conformite Europeene ("CE") Mark (product certification) in 1998 for use of its
BioGlue Surgical Adhesive in vascular applications and began marketing this
product in April 1998 in the European Community ("EC"). In March 1999 the
Company was awarded a second CE Mark allowing the use of BioGlue in pulmonary
indications, including the repair of air leaks in lungs. In December 1999 the
Company received U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") approval to
distribute BioGlue Surgical Adhesive under a Humanitarian Device Exemption
("HDE") for use as an adjunct in the repair of acute thoracic aortic dissections
and immediately began marketing this product in the U.S. pursuant to the HDE. In
December 2001 the Company received FDA approval for BioGlue as an adjunct to
sutures and staples for use in adult patients in open surgical repair of large
vessels. In February 2002 BioGlue was awarded a third CE Mark for use in general
surgical repair procedures.
CryoLife has developed and markets outside of the U.S. bioprosthetic
cardiovascular and vascular devices for implantation, consisting of
tissue-engineered SynerGraft porcine heart valves, SynerGraft bovine vascular
grafts, and glutaraldehyde-fixed stentless porcine heart valves: the
CryoLife-O'Brien(R) aortic heart valve and the CryoLife-Ross(R) pulmonary heart
valve. The Company has applied its proprietary SynerGraft technology to the
processing of the Company's stentless porcine heart valves and bovine ureters
used as vascular grafts. SynerGraft involves the depopulation of cells from
animal tissue leaving a collagen matrix that has the potential to be repopulated
with the implant recipient's cells. This process is designed to increase
longevity, and to improve the biocompatibility and functionality of such tissue.
In November 2000 the Company received CE Mark approval for its SynerGraft Model
500 heart valve which allowed the Company to begin commercial distribution into
the EC for use in implantation into either the aortic or pulmonary position. In
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April of 2001 the Company received CE Mark approval for its SynerGraft Model 700
heart valve for use in implantation into the pulmonary position. The Company
believes that its porcine heart valves, treated with the SynerGraft technology,
will expand its opportunity to address the broader international and U.S. heart
valve markets, estimated to have been $390 million and $400 million,
respectively, in 2001. In August of 2001 the Company received CE Mark approval
for its SynerGraft Model 100 vascular graft for dialysis access, peripheral
vascular bypass, and vascular patching. The SynerGraft Model 100 vascular graft
is produced from a bovine ureter in lengths between 25 and 50 cm in 5 cm
increments. The SynerGraft Model 100 vascular graft can be stored at room
temperature until use. Glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine heart valves are often
preferred by surgeons for procedures involving elderly patients because they
eliminate the risk of patient non-compliance with long-term anti-coagulation
drug therapy associated with mechanical valves, are less expensive than human
heart valves and their shorter longevity is more appropriately matched with
these patients' life expectancies. Glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine and bovine heart
valves address a worldwide target market estimated to have been $325 million in
2001. Unlike most other available porcine heart valves, the Company's stentless
porcine heart valves do not contain synthetic materials which increase the risk
of endocarditis, a debilitating and potentially fatal infection. The Company's
CryoLife-O'Brien heart valve, currently marketed in the EC and certain other
territories outside the U.S., is a stentless porcine heart valve which contains
a matched composite leaflet design that approximates human heart valve blood
flow characteristics and requires only a single suture. The Company's
CryoLife-Ross pulmonary heart valve is also marketed in the EC and certain
countries outside the U.S. For information regarding international revenues, see
Note 19 of notes to the consolidated financial statements.
The Company formed AuraZyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("AuraZyme") to foster the
commercial development of its Activation Control Technology ("ACT"). The ACT is
a reversible linker technology that has potential uses in the areas of cancer
therapy, fibrin olysis (blood clot dissolving) and other drug delivery
applications. AuraZyme seeks to advance the development of drug delivery
therapies through research and development partnerships, joint ventures and
equity investments. This strategy is designed to allow the Company to continue
development of this technology without incurring additional research and
development expenditures, other than through AuraZyme, and allow the Company to
focus its resources on the commercial development of its BioGlue Surgical
Adhesive, SynerGraft technology and other products under development.
In the U.S., the Company markets its preservation services for human
cardiovascular and vascular tissue and its BioGlue Surgical Adhesive through its
direct technical service representatives, and relies on independent orthopaedic
sales representatives to market its preservation services for human orthopaedic
tissue. Internationally, preserved human tissues, bioprosthetic cardiovascular
and vascular devices, including SynerGraft, and BioGlue Surgical Adhesive are
distributed through independent representatives located throughout Europe, the
Middle East, Canada, South America, Australia and Asia. The Company also uses
direct technical service representatives in the United Kingdom to market its
preservation services and bioprosthetic devices and in Canada to market its
preservation services and implantable medical devices.
GROWTH STRATEGY
The Company's primary objective is to continue its consistent revenue growth and
profitability. The Company's strategy to generate continued growth is based on
increasing the use of cryopreserved tissues as an alternative to mechanical and
synthetic implantable products, developing new markets for existing products and
technologies and developing new products and technologies for new and existing
markets. The Company also selectively considers strategic acquisitions of
complementary technologies and businesses to supplement its internal growth. The
key elements of the Company's business and growth strategy are to:
o Continue Leadership in Preservation of Cardiovascular Tissue. The
Company intends to increase the market penetration of its CryoLife
preserved human heart valves and conduits by (i) expanding awareness
of clinical advantages of cryopreserved human tissues through
continuing educational efforts directed to physicians, prospective
heart valve and conduit recipients and tissue procurement agencies,
(ii) expanding its relationships with the approximately 100 tissue
banks and procurement agencies across the U.S. which recover and send
tissue to the Company for preservation, (iii) expanding its physician
training activities and (iv) expanding its product offerings by
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applying its SynerGraft technology to human heart valves and conduits
for antigen reduction properties with the potential for recipient cell
repopulation.
o Expand Distribution of Preserved Human Vascular Tissue and Orthopaedic
Tissue. Using the same strategy it has successfully employed to expand
its preservation services for cardiovascular tissue, the Company
intends to increase its preservation revenues from human vascular
tissue and orthopaedic tissue by (i) continuing educational efforts
directed to vascular and orthopaedic surgeons about the clinical
advantages of preserved vascular and orthopaedic tissue, (ii)
expanding its relationships with tissue banks and procurement
agencies, (iii) expanding its programs for training physicians in the
use of tissue preserved by the Company and (iv) expanding its product
offerings by applying its SynerGraft technology to human vascular
grafts for antigen reduction properties with the potential for
recipient cell repopulation.
o Broaden Application of Preservation Services. The Company will
continue to collect, monitor and evaluate implant data to (i) develop
expanded uses for the human tissues currently cryopreserved by the
Company and (ii) identify new human tissues as candidates for
preservation. In 1997, the Company began providing cryopreserved human
vascular tissue to be used as dialysis access replacement grafts for
patients undergoing chronic dialysis, and separately, as venous valve
replacements for patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency.
In 1998 in addition to patellar and Achilles tendons, the Company
began providing cryopreserved posterior and anterior tibialis and
semi-t/gracilis tendons for use in knee repairs, and in 1999 began
providing preserved human osteochondral grafts to repair articular
defects and aortoiliac grafts to replace infected abdominal aortic
grafts. The Company is also investigating the use of cryopreserved
peripheral nerves and other orthopaedic tissues in various surgical
applications.
o Expand Distribution of Biomaterials for Surgical Adhesive and Sealant
Applications. The Company began commercial marketing of its patent
protected BioGlue Surgical Adhesive in the EC through its independent
representatives for vascular and pulmonary applications upon receipt
of a CE Mark in 1998 and 1999, respectively. In December 1999 the
Company received FDA approval to distribute BioGlue Surgical Adhesive
under an HDE for use as an adjunct in the repair of acute thoracic
aortic dissections. In December 2001 the Company received FDA approval
to distribute BioGlue for use as an adjunct to sutures and staples for
use in adult patients in open surgical repair of large vessels. In
February 2002 BioGlue was awarded a third CE Mark for use in general
surgical procedures. The Company has commenced aggressive marketing
programs to promote the FDA approved expanded uses of BioGlue by (i)
contacting the more than 600 hospitals and medical centers in North
America whose Institutional Review Boards ("IRBs") had previously
approved the use of BioGlue for aortic dissections to inform them that
the product is approved for vascular repair and that the HDE
restrictions have been lifted, (ii) contacting those medical centers
that did not have IRB approvals in place for the use of BioGlue for
aortic dissections and (iii) contacting vascular surgeons and
emergency room physicians who perform central and peripheral vascular
repair. In addition to these adhesive and sealant applications of
BioGlue, the Company intends to pursue, either directly or through
strategic alliances, technologies for replacement for spinal disc
nuclei and for delivering bone material for orthopaedic bone repair.
o Develop and Commercialize Bioprosthetic Cardiovascular Devices. The
Company intends to leverage its expertise with stentless human heart
valves to expand commercialization of its stentless porcine heart
valves and to use its stentless porcine heart valves as a platform for
the development and commercialization of the Company's SynerGraft
technology, which is being developed to expand the target market for
the stentless porcine heart valves by minimizing calcification often
associated with porcine tissues and thereby increasing their
longevity. In November 2000 the Company received a CE Mark allowing
for commercial distribution of the Company's tissue-engineered
SynerGraft Model 500 heart valve throughout the EC. In April 2001 the
Company received a CE Mark allowing for commercial distribution of the
Company's tissue-engineered SynerGraft Model 700 heart valve
throughout the EC.
o Develop and Commercialize Bioprosthetic SynerGraft Vascular Devices.
The Company intends to leverage its expertise with human vascular
grafts and bioprosthetic devices as a platform for the development and
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commercialization of its tissue-engineered SynerGraft vascular grafts.
In August of 2001 the Company received CE Mark approval for its
SynerGraft Model 100 vascular graft for dialysis access and peripheral
reconstruction.
o Leverage Existing Capability across Product Lines. The Company intends
to apply its expertise with stentless human heart valves to expand
commercialization of its stentless porcine heart valves and to use its
human allograft preservation expertise and its stentless porcine heart
valves as a platform for the development and commercialization of the
Company's SynerGraft technology.
SERVICES AND PRODUCTS
Preservation of Human Tissue for Transplant
The Company's proprietary and patent protected preservation process involves the
recovery of tissue from deceased human donors by organ procurement
organizations, the timely and controlled delivery of such tissue to the Company,
the screening, dissection, disinfection, and preservation of the tissue by the
Company, the storage and shipment of the cryopreserved tissue and the controlled
thawing of the tissue. Thereafter, the tissue is surgically implanted into a
human recipient.
The transplant of human tissue that has not been preserved must be accomplished
within extremely short time limits (not to exceed eight hours for transplants of
the human heart). Prior to the advent of human tissue cryopreservation, these
time constraints resulted in the inability to use much of the tissue donated for
transplantation. The application of the Company's cryopreservation technologies
to donated tissue expands the amount of human tissue available to physicians for
transplantation. Cryopreservation also expands the treatment options available
to physicians and their patients by offering alternatives to implantable
mechanical, synthetic and animal-derived devices. The tissues presently
cryopreserved by the Company include human heart valves and conduits, vascular
tissue and orthopaedic tissue.
CryoLife maintains and collects extensive clinical data on the use and
effectiveness of implanted human tissues that it has preserved, and shares this
data with implanting physicians and the procurement organizations from which it
receives tissue. The Company also uses this data to help direct its continuing
efforts to improve its preservation services through ongoing research and
development. Its research staff and technical representatives assist physicians
by providing educational materials, seminars and clinics on methods for handling
and implanting the tissue cryopreserved by the Company and the clinical
advantages, indications and applications for those tissues. The Company has
ongoing efforts to train and educate physicians on the indications for and uses
of the human tissues cryopreserved by the Company, as well as its programs
whereby surgeons train other surgeons in best demonstrated techniques. The
Company also assists organ procurement agencies and tissue banks through
training and development of protocols and provides materials to improve their
tissue processing techniques and to increase efficiency and the yield of usable
tissue.
Human Cardiovascular Tissue. The human heart valves and conduits cryopreserved
by the Company are used in reconstructive heart valve replacement surgery.
CryoLife shipped approximately 51,600 cryopreserved human heart valves and
conduits from 1984 through 2001. Revenues from human heart valve and conduit
preservation services accounted for 44%, 39% and 33% of total revenues,
respectively, in 1999, 2000 and 2001. Based on CryoLife's records of documented
implants, management believes that the Company's success in the allograft heart
valve market is due in part to physicians' recognition of the longevity and
natural functionality of the Company's cryopreserved human tissues as compared
to mechanical and porcine heart valve alternatives in certain applications. The
Company currently applies its preservation services to human aortic, pulmonary
and mitral heart valves for implantation by cardiac surgeons. In addition, the
Company provides cryopreserved conduit and patch tissue to surgeons who wish to
perform certain specialized cardiac repair procedures. Each of these human heart
valves, conduits and patches maintains a tissue structure which more closely
resembles and performs like the patient's own tissue than non-human tissue
alternatives.
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In February 2000 the Company began processing and distributing in the U.S.
decellularized cryopreserved human heart valves and conduits utilizing its
SynerGraft technology which effectively removes cells from the heart valve
leaving the collagen matrix intact. The CryoValve(R) SG valve is especially
designed to benefit patients, both children and adults, who have had a minor
immune response to transplanted tissues. Early clinical data indicates that the
new SynerGraft processing method mitigates the increase of PRA (panel reactive
antibodies) experienced by some of the patients who receive allograft heart
valves. The absence of an immunologic response to the decellularized allograft
has the potential of improved long-term function of the allograft heart valves.
Advanced animal studies of both allograft and porcine heart valves that have
been treated with the SynerGraft process show that these valves have the
potential to repopulate themselves in vivo with the patient's own cells.
The Company estimates that the total heart valve and conduit replacement market
in the U.S. in 2001 was approximately $400 million. Management believes that
approximately 107,000 heart valve and conduit surgeries were conducted in the
U.S. in 2001. Of the total number of heart valve and conduit surgeries,
approximately 53,000, or 50%, involved mechanical heart valves, and
approximately 54,000, or 50%, involved tissue heart valves or conduits,
including porcine and cryopreserved human tissues. Approximately 5,200 human
heart valves and conduits cryopreserved by the Company were shipped for
implantation in 2001.
Management believes cryopreserved human heart valves and conduits have
characteristics that make them the preferred replacement for many patients.
Specifically, human heart valves, such as those cryopreserved by the Company,
allow for more normal blood flow and provide higher cardiac output than porcine
and mechanical heart valves. Human heart valves are not as susceptible to
progressive calcification, or hardening, as are glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine
heart valves, and do not require anti-coagulation drug therapy, as do mechanical
valves. The synthetic sewing rings contained in mechanical and stented porcine
valves may harbor bacteria leading to endocarditis. Furthermore, endocarditis is
difficult to treat with antibiotics, and this usually necessitates the surgical
removal of these valves at considerable cost, morbidity and risk of mortality.
Consequently, for many physicians, human heart valves are the preferred
alternative to mechanical and stented porcine valves for patients who have, or
are at risk to contract, endocarditis.
The following table sets forth the characteristics of alternative heart valve
implants that management believes make cryopreserved human heart valves the
preferred replacement for most patients:
PORCINE
CRYOPRESERVED BOVINE
HUMAN STENTED STENTLESS(1) MECHANICAL PERICARDIUM
----- ------- ------------ ---------- -----------
Materials: human tissue glutaraldehyde glutaraldehyde pyrolitic carbon glutaraldehyde
fixed pig tissue fixed pig bi-leaflet and fixed cow tissue
and tissue synthetic and synthetic
synthetic sewing sewing ring sewing ring
ring
Blood Flow Dynamics normal moderate nearly normal high elevation high elevation
elevation
(Required Pressure): (2) (0-5) (10-20) (5-15) (10-25) (10-30)
Mode of Failure: gradual gradual expected to be catastrophic gradual
gradual
Longevity: 15-20 years 10-15 years expected to 15-20 years 10-15 years
exceed
stented porcine
valves
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Increased Risk of
Bleeding or
Thromboembolic Events no occasional occasional yes occasional
(strokes or other
clotting):
Anti-Coagulation Drug
Therapy Required: none short-term short-term chronic short-term
Responsiveness to
Antibiotic high low low low low
Treatment of
Endocarditis:
Average Valve Cost in $7,300 $4,500 $5,500 $4,100(3) $4,500
U.S.:
- --------------------
(1) Limited long-term clinical data is available since stentless porcine heart
valves only recently became commercially available.
(2) Pressure measured in mm/Hg.
(3) Mechanical valves also require chronic anti-coagulation drug therapy at a
cost of approximately $450 per year.
While the clinical benefits of cryopreserved human heart valves discussed above
are relevant to all patients, they are particularly important for (i) pediatric
patients (newborn to 16 years) who are prone to calcification of porcine tissue,
(ii) young or otherwise active patients who face an increased risk of severe
blood loss or even death due to side effects associated with the
anti-coagulation drug therapy required with mechanical valves and (iii) women in
their childbearing years for whom anti-coagulation drug therapy is
contraindicated.
Human Vascular Tissues. The Company cryopreserves human saphenous and
superficial femoral veins and arteries for use in vascular surgeries that
require small diameter conduits (3mm to 6mm), such as coronary bypass surgery
and peripheral vascular reconstructions. Failure to bypass or revascularize an
obstruction in such cases may result in death or the loss of a limb. The Company
believes it offers the only available small diameter conduit product for
below-the-knee vascular reconstruction. The Company also cryopreserves
aortoiliac arteries for the reconstruction of infected abdominal synthetic
grafts. The Company shipped approximately 28,900 human vascular tissues from
1986 through 2001, which includes 6,100 shipments in 2001. Revenues from human
vascular preservation services accounted for 29%, 28% and 28% of total revenues,
respectively, in 1999, 2000 and 2001.
A surgeon's first choice for replacing diseased or damaged vascular tissue is
generally the patient's tissue. However, in cases of advanced vascular disease,
the patient's tissue is often unusable and the surgeon may consider using
synthetic grafts or transplanted human vascular tissue. Small diameter synthetic
vascular grafts are generally not suitable for below-the-knee surgeries because
they have a tendency to occlude since the synthetic materials in these products
attract cellular material from the blood stream which in turn closes off the
vessel to normal blood flow. Cryopreserved vascular tissues tend to remain open
longer and as such are used in indications where synthetics fail. The Company's
cryopreserved human vascular tissues are used for coronary artery bypass
surgeries, peripheral vascular reconstruction, dialysis access graft
replacement, venous valve transplantation and infected abdominal graft
replacement.
In 1986, the Company began a program to cryopreserve saphenous veins for use in
coronary artery bypass surgeries. The Company estimates there were approximately
450,000 to 500,000 coronary artery bypass procedures performed in the U.S. in
2001. The Company estimates that approximately 30% of these are re-operations
which may require the use of preserved vascular tissue.
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In 1989, the Company began a program to cryopreserve long segment saphenous
veins for use in peripheral vascular reconstruction. In cases of peripheral
arteriosclerosis, a cryopreserved saphenous vein can be implanted as a bypass
graft for the diseased artery in order to improve blood flow and maintain a
functional limb. Analysis of the Company's data on file of approximately 425
implants has shown that approximately 72% of patients receiving CryoLife's
preserved vascular tissues in this type of surgical procedure still have the use
of the affected leg four years after surgery. The only alternative for many of
these patients was amputation. The Company estimates that, in 2001,
approximately 125,000 to 150,000 peripheral vascular reconstruction surgeries
were performed in the U.S. in which its cryopreserved human vascular tissues
could have been used.
In 1997, the Company began a program for the preservation of human superficial
femoral veins for use in dialysis access graft replacement as an alternative for
synthetic grafts which have a higher risk of infection and thrombosis than human
tissue. The Company estimates that, in 2001, there were approximately 300,000
end stage renal failure patients receiving dialysis in the U.S. and a majority
of these patients rely on arterial-venous dialysis grafts for vascular access.
Human Orthopaedic Tissue. The Company provides preservation services for
surgical replacements for the meniscus and the anterior and posterior cruciate
ligaments, which are critical to the proper operation of the human knee, as well
as osteochondral grafts used for the repair of cartilage defects in the knee.
CryoLife has shipped approximately 23,300 human connective tissues for the knee
through 2001, which includes 6,700 shipments in 2001. Revenues from human
orthopaedic preservation services accounted for 17%, 21% and 26% of total
revenues, respectively, in 1999, 2000 and 2001.
Human menisci cryopreserved by the Company provide orthopaedic surgeons with an
alternative treatment in cases where a patient's meniscus has been completely
removed. When a patient has a damaged meniscus, the current surgical
alternatives are to repair, partially remove or completely remove the patient's
meniscus, with partial removal being the most common procedure. Meniscal removal
increases the risk of premature knee degeneration and arthritis and typically
results in the need for knee replacement surgery at some point during the
patient's life. Management believes that the Company is the only provider of
cryopreserved meniscal tissue and that there are no synthetic menisci on the
market. The Company estimates that in 2001 in the U.S. approximately 725,000
patients underwent partial or total meniscectomies. The Company believes up to
25% of these patients could become candidates for meniscal replacement within
five years.
Tendons cryopreserved by the Company are used for the reconstruction of the
anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in cases where the patient's ligaments
are irreparably damaged. Surgeons have traditionally removed a portion of the
patient's patellar tendon from the patient's undamaged knee for use in repairing
a damaged anterior cruciate ligament. Tendons cryopreserved by the Company
provide an alternative to this procedure. Because surgeries using cryopreserved
tissue do not involve the removal of any of the patient's own patellar tendon,
the patient recovery period is typically shorter. The Company estimates that in
2001 approximately 200,000 cruciate ligament reconstruction surgeries were
performed in the U.S.
In 1999 the Company began preserving osteochonral grafts used to aid in the
repair of damaged knee cartilage. The orthopaedic surgical community has
accepted these grafts, which are preserved and maintained in a living state. The
success of transplanted osteochonral grafts is attributed to the presence of
viable chondrocytes (cells of the cartilage), which provide strength and support
of the articular cartilage through transplant of osteochonral grafts onto the
end of the patient's femur. The Company estimates that in 2001 approximately
450,000 articular cartilage repair procedures were performed in the U.S. and
that approximately 10-15% of these repairs will be amenable to fresh
osteochondral (OA) resurfacing replacement within 5 years.
Other Allograft Tissue Research and Development. The Company is engaged in
research and development on other projects for the use of cryopreserved
peripheral nerves and other connective tissues, in various surgical
applications.
Implantable Biomaterials for Use as Surgical Adhesives and Sealants
The effective closure of internal wounds following surgical procedures is
critical to the restoration of the function of tissue and to the ultimate
success of the surgical procedure. Failure to effectively seal surgical wounds
can result in leakage of air in lung surgeries, cerebral spinal fluids in
8
neurosurgeries, blood in cardiovascular surgeries and gastrointestinal contents
in abdominal surgeries. Air and fluid leaks resulting from surgical procedures
can lead to significant post-operative morbidity resulting in prolonged
hospitalization, higher levels of post-operative pain and a higher mortality
rate.
Sutures and staples facilitate healing by joining wound edges and allowing the
body to heal naturally. However, because sutures and staples do not have
inherent sealing capabilities, they cannot consistently eliminate air and fluid
leakage at the wound site. This is particularly the case when sutures and
staples are used to close tissues containing air or fluids under pressure, such
as the lobes of the lung, the dural membrane surrounding the brain and spinal
cord, blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, in minimally
invasive surgical procedures, where the physician must operate through small
access devices, it can be difficult and time consuming for the physician to
apply sutures and staples. The Company believes that the use of surgical
adhesives and sealants with or without sutures and staples could enhance the
efficacy of these procedures through more effective and rapid wound closure.
In order to address the inherent limitations of sutures and staples, the Company
has developed and commercialized its BioGlue Surgical Adhesive. The BioGlue
Surgical Adhesive is a polymeric surgical bioadhesive based on a derivative of
an animal blood protein and a cross-linking agent. BioGlue Surgical Adhesive has
a tensile strength that is four to five times that of fibrin sealants. Clinical
applications for BioGlue Surgical Adhesive include cardiovascular, vascular,
pulmonary, and general surgical repair. Other potential applications for BioGlue
Surgical Adhesive include orthopaedic indications, and as a replacement for
spinal disc nuclei. A derivative of the BioGlue technology is BioLastic(TM), an
implantable biomaterial under development which is capable of exchanging oxygen
and carbon dioxide. BioLastic is being developed for use in reinforcing or
patching vascular tissue, repairing air leaks in lungs, and sealing holes in or
replacing dura mater.
The Company estimates that the worldwide market for surgical sutures and staples
in 2001 was in excess of $2 billion. The Company began shipping BioGlue Surgical
Adhesive for distribution in the EC in the second quarter of 1998 for use in
vascular applications and in the first quarter of 1999 for use in pulmonary
applications. In December 1999 the Company began shipping BioGlue Surgical
Adhesive in the U.S. pursuant to an HDE for use as an adjunct in repair of acute
thoracic aortic dissections. In December 2001 the Company received FDA approval
to distribute BioGlue for use as an adjunct to sutures and staples for use in
adult patients in open surgical repair of large vessels. In February 2002 the
Company received a third CE Mark for BioGlue for use in general surgical repair
procedures. Revenues from BioGlue Surgical Adhesive represented 2%, 8% and 12%
of total revenues, respectively, in 1999, 2000 and 2001.
Bioprosthetic Cardiovascular and Vascular Devices
The Company is developing bioprosthetic cardiovascular and vascular devices
based on its experience with cryopreserved human tissue implants. Like human
heart valves, the Company's porcine heart valves are stentless with the valve
opening, or annulus, retaining a more natural flexibility. Stented porcine and
mechanical heart valves are typically fitted with synthetic sewing rings which
are rigid and can impede normal blood flow. Unlike most other available porcine
heart valves, the Company's stentless porcine heart valves do not contain
synthetic materials which increase the risk of endocarditis, a debilitating and
potentially deadly infection. Revenues from bioprosthetic cardiovascular and
vascular devices represented 1% of total revenues in 1999, 2000 and 2001.
Glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine heart valves are often preferred by surgeons for
procedures involving elderly patients because they eliminate the risk of patient
non-compliance with anti-coagulation drug therapy associated with mechanical
valves, they are less expensive than allograft valves and their shorter
longevity is more appropriately matched with these patients' life expectancies.
Glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine and bovine heart valves address a worldwide target
market estimated to have been $325 million in 2001.
The Company's SynerGraft technology involves the removal of cells from the
structure of animal tissue, leaving a collagen matrix that has the potential to
repopulate in vivo with the recipient's own cells. This process is designed to
increase longevity, and more generally to improve the biocompatibility and
functionality of such tissue. The Company believes that its porcine heart
valves, when treated with SynerGraft technology, will expand its opportunity to
9
address the broader international and U.S. heart valve markets, estimated to
have been $390 million and $400 million, respectively, in 2001.
The following table sets forth the bioprosthetic cardiovascular devices
currently marketed by the Company, along with the product features and market
status for each.
STENTLESS PORCINE VALVES FEATURES REGULATORY/MARKET STATUS
SynerGraft 700 depopulated pulmonary valve of currently marketed in Europe for
non- composite leaflet design; no pulmonary valve replacement with
synthetic material; normal regulatory approval under CE Mark
hemodynamics
SynerGraft 500 depopulated valve of aortic currently marketed in Europe for both
composite leaflet design; no aortic and pulmonary valve replacement
synthetic material; normal with regulatory approval under CE Mark
hemodynamics
CryoLife-O'Brien matched composite leaflet design; currently marketed in Europe for
single suture line implantation aortic valve replacement with
technique; no synthetic material; regulatory approval under CE Mark;
normal hemodynamics currently marketed in Canada with
regulatory approval under Therapeutic
Products Programme
CryoLife-Ross pulmonary valve with attached currently marketed in Europe with
conduit; no synthetic material; regulatory approval under CE Mark
normal hemodynamics
The SynerGraft heart valves are depopulated stentless porcine heart valves with
antigen reduction technology. The Company obtained a CE Mark for the SynerGraft
Model 500 heart valve in November 2000 for use in implantation in the aortic and
pulmonary position. The Company obtained a CE Mark for the SynerGraft 700
pulmonary heart valve in April 2001. The SynerGraft technology removes cells
from animal tissues, thereby reducing the transplant recipient's immune response
to the implanted tissue. By removing animal cells from the tissue while
maintaining the underlying structural strength of the porcine heart valve, this
SynerGraft application is designed to provide a platform for a patient's own
cells to potentially repopulate the implant.
The CryoLife-O'Brien aortic valve is a stentless porcine valve with design
features which management believes provide significant advantages over other
stentless porcine heart valves. CryoLife began exclusive worldwide distribution
of this valve in 1992 and acquired all rights to the underlying technology in
1995. The Company's CryoLife-O'Brien aortic heart valve, currently marketed in
the EC and certain other territories outside the U.S., contains a matched
composite leaflet design that approximates human heart valve blood flow
characteristics and requires only a single suture line for surgical
implantation.
The CryoLife-Ross pulmonary valve, the patent for which the Company acquired in
October 1996, is an advanced design stentless porcine heart valve within an
attached conduit of porcine tissue, which mimics the structure of a human heart
valve. The Company began manufacturing and distributing the CryoLife-Ross
pulmonary heart valve, in the EC in September 1998.
10
Single-Use Medical Devices
On October 9, 2000 the Company sold substantially all of the remaining assets of
Ideas for Medicine, Inc. ("IFM") to Horizon Medical Products, Inc. See Note 3 of
Notes to the consolidated financial statements for a more detailed discussion.
SALES, DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING
Preservation Services
CryoLife markets its preservation services to tissue procurement agencies,
implanting physicians and prospective tissue recipients. The Company works with
tissue banks and organ procurement agencies to ensure consistent and continued
availability of donated human tissue for transplant and educates physicians and
prospective tissue recipients with respect to the benefits of cryopreserved
human tissues.
Procurement of Tissue. Donated human tissue is procured from deceased human
donors by organ procurement agencies and tissue banks. After procurement, the
tissue is packed and shipped, together with certain information about the tissue
and its donor, to the Company in accordance with the Company's protocols. The
tissue is transported to the Company's laboratory facilities via commercial
airlines pursuant to arrangements with qualified courier services. Timely
receipt of procured tissue is important, as tissue that is not received promptly
cannot be cryopreserved successfully. The procurement agency is reimbursed by
the Company, for the costs associated with these procurement services. The
procurement fee and related shipping costs, together with the charges for the
preservation services of the Company, are ultimately paid to the Company by the
hospital with which the implanting physician is associated. The Company has
developed relationships with approximately 100 tissue banks and organ
procurement agencies throughout the U.S. Management believes the establishment
of these relationships is critical for a growing business in the preservation
services industry and that the breadth of these existing relationships provides
the Company a significant advantage over potential new entrants to this market.
The Company employs approximately 20 individuals to work with organ procurement
agencies and tissue banks, seven of whom are employed as procurement relations
managers and are stationed throughout the country. The Company's central office
for procurement relations is staffed 24 hours per day, 365 days per year.
Preservation of Tissue. Upon receiving tissue, a Company technician completes
the documentation control for the tissue prepared by the procurement agency and
gives it a control number. The documentation identifies, among other things,
donor age and cause of death. A trained technician then removes the portion or
portions of the delivered tissue that will be cryopreserved. These procedures
are conducted under aseptic conditions in clean rooms. At the same time,
additional samples are taken from the donated tissue and subjected to the
Company's comprehensive quality assurance program. This program may identify
characteristics which would disqualify the tissue for preservation or
implantation.
Cardiovascular, vascular, and orthopaedic tissue, except osteochondral grafts,
are cryopreserved in a proprietary freezing process conducted according to
strict Company protocols. After the preservation process, the specimens are
transferred to liquid nitrogen freezers for long-term storage at temperatures
below -135(Degree)C. Osteochondral grafts are refrigerated in proprietary
solutions from 2(Degree)C to 8(Degree)C for up to 45 days. The entire
preservation process is rigidly controlled by guidelines established by the
Company.
Distribution of Tissue to Implanting Physicians. After preservation, tissue is
stored by the Company or is delivered directly to hospitals at the implanting
physician's request. Cryopreserved tissue must be transported under stringent
handling conditions and maintained within specific temperature tolerances at all
times. Cryopreserved tissue is packaged for shipment using the Company's
proprietary processes. At the hospital, the tissue is held in a liquid nitrogen
freezer according to Company protocols pending implantation. The Company
provides a detailed protocol for thawing the cryopreserved tissue. The Company
also makes its technical personnel available by phone or in person to answer
questions. After the Company transports the tissue to the hospital, the Company
invoices the institution for its services, the procurement fee and
transportation costs.
11
The Company provides Company-owned liquid nitrogen freezers to certain client
hospitals without charge. The Company has currently installed more than 350 of
these freezers. Participating hospitals generally pay the cost of liquid
nitrogen and regular maintenance. The availability of on-site freezers makes it
easier for a hospital's physicians to utilize the Company's preservation
services by making the cryopreserved tissue more readily available. Because fees
for the Company's preservation services become due upon the delivery of tissue
to the hospital, the use of such on-site freezers also reduces the Company's
working capital needs.
Marketing, Educational and Technical Support. The Company maintains active
relationships with approximately 3,500 cardiovascular, vascular and orthopaedic
surgeons who have active practices implanting cryopreserved human tissues and
markets to a broader group of physicians within these medical specialties.
Because the Company markets its preservation services directly to physicians, an
important aspect of increasing the distribution of the Company's preservation
services is educating physicians on the use of cryopreserved human tissue and on
proper implantation techniques. Trained field support personnel provide support
to implanting institutions and surgeons. The Company currently has over 150
independent technical service representatives and sub-representatives (who deal
primarily with orthopaedic surgeons and who are paid on a commission basis) as
well as 47 persons employed as technical service representatives (who deal
primarily with cardiovascular and vascular surgeons and receive a base salary
with a performance bonus) all of whom provide field support.
The Company sponsors physician training seminars where leading physicians teach
other physicians the proper technique for handling and implanting cryopreserved
human tissue. The Company also produces educational videotapes for physicians
and coordinates live surgery demonstrations at various medical schools. The
Company also coordinates laboratory sessions that utilize animal tissue to
demonstrate the surgical techniques. Members of the Company's Medical Advisory
Board often lead the surgery demonstrations and laboratory sessions. Management
believes that these activities improve the medical community's acceptance of the
cryopreserved human tissue processed by the Company.
To assist procurement agencies and tissue banks, the Company provides
educational materials and training on procurement, dissection, packaging and
shipping techniques. The Company also produces educational videotapes and
coordinates laboratory sessions on procurement techniques for procurement agency
personnel. To supplement its educational activities, the Company employs
in-house technical specialists that provide technical information and assistance
and maintains a staff 24 hours per day, 365 days per year for customer support.
European Distribution
In September 1999 the Company established its European subsidiary, CryoLife
Europa, Ltd. ("Europa"), to provide distribution and technical services to the
Company's network of European representatives, customers and surgeons. In
February 2000 Europa officially opened its headquarters located near London,
England.
BioGlue Surgical Adhesive
The Company markets and distributes its BioGlue Surgical Adhesive in the U.S.
through its existing direct technical representatives. The Company markets and
distributes its BioGlue Surgical Adhesive in international markets, excluding
Japan, through Europa and other existing independent representatives. The
Company's European, Middle East and African sales, marketing and distribution
activities directed through Europa are channeled through 23 independent
distributors located throughout Europe, the Middle East and South Africa.
Marketing efforts are directed almost exclusively toward cardiovascular,
vascular, thoracic and general surgeons, and the Company conducts training
sessions for doctors with respect to the application and administration of
BioGlue Surgical Adhesive.
During 1998, the Company signed a five-year exclusive agreement with Century
Medical, Inc. for the introduction and distribution of BioGlue in Japan. Under
the terms of the agreement, Century Medical will be responsible for applications
and clearances with the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare.
Bioprosthetic Cardiovascular Devices
12
The Company markets the CryoLife-O'Brien and CryoLife-Ross stentless porcine
heart valves in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The CryoLife-O'Brien valve
is also marketed in Canada. The Company commenced marketing the SynerGraft Model
500 and Model 700 heart valves and the SynerGraft Model 100 vascular graft in
Europe during the fourth quarter of 2000, the first quarter of 2001 and the
third quarter of 2001, respectively. Marketing efforts are primarily directed
toward cardiac, thoracic and vascular surgeons and the Company conducts
educational seminars and conferences to train these surgeons and educate them
with respect to the uses and benefits of its porcine stentless heart valves.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Company uses its expertise in immunology, biochemistry and cell biology, and
its understanding of the needs of the cardiovascular, vascular and orthopaedic
surgery medical specialties, to continue to expand its core preservation
business in the U.S. and to develop or acquire implantable products and
technologies for these specialties. The Company seeks to identify market areas
that can benefit from preserved living tissues and other related technologies,
to develop innovative techniques and products within these areas, to secure
their commercial protection, to establish their efficacy and then to market
these techniques and products. The Company employs approximately 22 people in
its research and development department, including seven PhDs with specialties
in the fields of immunology, molecular biology, protein chemistry, organic
chemistry and vascular biology.
In order to expand the Company's service and product offerings, the Company is
currently in the process of developing or investigating several technologies and
products, including additional applications of its SynerGraft technology, its
Protein Hydrogel ("PH") technology (of which BioGlue is the first PH product to
be introduced) and its ACT. The PHT is based on a bovine protein that mirrors an
array of amino acids that perform complex functions in the human and together
with glutaraldehyde forms a hydrogel, a water based bio-material similar to
human tissue. Materials and implantable replacement devices created with the PHT
have the potential to provide structure, form and function of human body tissue.
Because of its versatility and ease of application, PHT is being developed for
application in the repair of denucleated intervetebral discs and for the
delivery of bone material for orthopaedic bone repair. The Company is also
currently investigating certain drug delivery applications for its ACT, such as
administering antibiotics and attaching chemotherapy drugs to tumors. To the
extent the Company identifies additional applications for these products, the
Company may attempt to license these products to corporate partners for further
development of such applications or seek funding from outside sources to
continue the commercial development of such technologies. The Company's research
and development strategy is to allocate available resources among the Company's
core market areas of preservation services, bioprosthetic cardiovascular devices
and implantable biomaterials, based on the size of the potential market for any
specific product candidate and the estimated development time and cost required
to bring the product to market.
Research on these and other projects is conducted in the Company's research and
development laboratory or at universities or clinics where the Company sponsors
research projects. In 1999, 2000, and 2001, the Company spent approximately $4.4
million, $5.2 million and $4.7 million, respectively, on research and
development activities on new and existing products. These amounts represented
approximately 7%, 7% and 5% of the Company's revenues for those respective
years. The Company's research and development program is overseen by its medical
and scientific advisory boards. The Company's pre-clinical studies are conducted
at universities and other locations outside the Company's facilities by third
parties under contract with the Company. In addition to these efforts, the
Company may, as situations develop, pursue other research and development
activities.
MANUFACTURING AND OPERATIONS
During 2001 the Company completed a 100,000 square foot addition to its
corporate headquarters and laboratory facilities located on a 21.5-acre
campus-style setting in suburban Atlanta, Georgia. The new addition is designed
to accommodate growth and development of the Company's BioGlue Surgical Adhesive
and the SynerGraft family of biologic implantable devices. The total Company
facilities consist of three separate locations totaling approximately 243,000
square feet of leased manufacturing, administrative, laboratory and warehouse
space. Approximately 24,000 square feet are dedicated to forty-five class 10,000
clean rooms. An additional 5,500 square feet are dedicated as class 100,000
13
clean rooms. The extensive clean room environment provides a sterile environment
for tissue dissection, processing, manufacturing and packaging. Some forty
liquid nitrogen storage units maintain cryopreserved tissue at minus 325 degrees
Fahrenheit. Three back-up emergency generators assure continuity of all Company
operations. Additionally, the Company's corporate complex has a 3,600 square
foot Learning Center which includes a 225 seat auditorium and a 1,500 square
foot operating room area, both equipped with closed-circuit and satellite
television broadcast capability allowing live surgery broadcasts from and to
anywhere in the world. The Learning Center provides visiting cardiovascular,
vascular and orthopaedic surgeons with a hands-on training environment for
surgical and implantation techniques for the Company's technology platforms.
Human Tissue Processing
The human tissue processing laboratory is responsible for the processing and
preservation of human cardiovascular, vascular and orthopaedic tissue for
transplant, including the processing of certain SynerGraft treated human heart
valves and conduits and vascular tissues. This laboratory contains approximately
15,600 square feet with a suite of eight clean rooms. Currently there are 59
technicians employed in this area, and the laboratory is staffed for two shifts,
365 days per year. In 2001 the laboratory processed approximately 19,600 human
allografts for distribution and transplant. The current processing level is
estimated to be at about half of total capacity. Increasing this capacity could
be accomplished by increasing employees and expanding to three shifts.
BioGlue Surgical Adhesives
BioGlue Surgical Adhesive is presently manufactured at the Company's
headquarters facility, which has an annual capacity of approximately 2 million
units. This laboratory contains approximately 13,500 square feet, including a
suite of six clean rooms. Currently, there are seven technicians employed in
this area.
Bioprosthetic Cardiovascular and Vascular Devices
The bioprosthesis laboratory, which was relocated to the expanded corporate
headquarters in 2001, is responsible for the manufacturing of the
CryoLife-O'Brien and CryoLife-Ross stentless porcine heart valves, as well as
for the manufacturing the tissue-engineered SynerGraft porcine heart valves and
vascular grafts. This laboratory is approximately 20,000 square feet with a
suite of six clean rooms for tissue processing. Currently, this laboratory
employs 21 technicians.
Other facilities
The Company's pilot production facility and AuraZyme are located in two separate
facilities, located in Marietta, Georgia, that total 31,000 square feet. The
pilot production facility is approximately 20,000 square feet, with about 2,100
square feet of laboratory space and a suite of six clean rooms. The Company
conducts research on its ACT in the AuraZyme laboratory and has four employees
at that location, including two research scientists. This laboratory contains
approximately 11,000 square feet, including 4,000 square feet of laboratory
space and a suite of eight clean rooms.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The Company's operations encompass the provision of preservation services and
the manufacturing of bioprosthetics and bioadhesives. In all of its facilities,
the Company is subject to regulatory standards for good manufacturing practices,
including current Quality System Regulations, which are FDA regulatory
requirements for medical device manufacturers. The FDA periodically inspects
Company facilities to ensure Company compliance with these regulations. The
Company also operates according to ISO 9001 Quality System Requirements, an
internationally recognized voluntary system of quality management for companies
that design, develop, manufacture, distribute and service products. The Company
maintains a Certification of Approval to the ISO 9001, as well as EN46001 and
ANSI/ISO/ASQC/Q9001, the European and U.S. versions of the international
standard, respectively. This approval is issued by Lloyd's Register Quality
Assurance Limited ("LRQA"). LRQA is a Notified Body officially recognized by the
14
EC to perform assessments of compliance with ISO 9001 and its derivative
standards. LRQA performs semi-annual on-site inspections of the Company's
quality systems.
The Company's quality assurance staff is comprised primarily of experienced
professionals from the medical device and pharmaceutical manufacturing
industries. The quality assurance department, in conjunction with the Company's
research and development and select university research staffs, routinely
evaluates the Company's processes and procedures.
Preservation Services
The Company employs a comprehensive quality assurance program in all of its
tissue processing activities. The Company is subject to Quality System
Regulations, additional FDA regulations and ISO 9001. The Company's quality
assurance program begins with the development and implementation of training
courses for the employees of procurement agencies. To assure uniformity of
procurement practices among the tissue recovery teams, the Company provides
procurement protocols, transport packages and tissue transport liquids to the
donor sites.
Upon receipt by the Company, each tissue is assigned a unique control number
that provides traceability of tissue from procurement through the processing and
preservation processes, and ultimately to the tissue recipient. Blood samples
from each tissue donor are subjected to a variety of tests to screen for
infectious diseases. Samples of some tissues are also sent to independent
laboratories for pathology testing. Following dissection of the tissue to be
cryopreserved, a separate disinfection procedure is begun during which the
dissected tissue is treated with proprietary antibiotic solutions. A trained
technician then removes samples from the disinfected tissue upon which serial
cultures are performed to identify bacterial or fungal growth.
The materials and solutions used by the Company in processing tissue are
pre-screened to determine if they are of desired quality as defined by Company
protocols. Only materials and solutions that meet the Company's requirements are
approved by quality assurance personnel for use in processing. Throughout tissue
processing, detailed records are maintained and reviewed by quality assurance
personnel.
The Company's tissue processing facilities are annually licensed by the States
of Georgia, New York, Florida and California as facilities that process, store
and distribute human tissue for implantation. The regulatory bodies of these
states perform inspections of the facilities to ensure compliance with state law
and regulations. In addition, the Company's human heart valve processing
operations are additionally regulated by the FDA and periodically inspected for
compliance to Quality System Regulations. Other human tissue processed by the
Company is periodically inspected for compliance with the Code of Federal
Regulation ("CFR") Part 1270. CFR 1270 is an FDA regulation which sets forth the
requirements with which the Company must comply in determining the suitability
of human tissue for implantation.
Bioprosthetic and Bioadhesive Manufacturing
The Company employs a comprehensive quality assurance program in all of its
manufacturing activities. The Company is subject to Quality System Regulations,
additional FDA regulations and ISO 9001.
All materials and components utilized in the production of the Company's
products are received and thoroughly inspected by trained quality control
personnel, according to written specifications and standard operating
procedures. Only materials and components found to comply with Company
procedures are accepted by quality control and utilized in production.
All materials, components and resulting sub-assemblies are traced throughout the
manufacturing process to assure that appropriate corrective actions can be
implemented if necessary. Each process is documented along with all inspection
results, including final finished product inspection and acceptance. Records are
maintained as to the consignee of product to facilitate product removals or
corrections, if necessary. All processes in manufacturing are validated by
quality engineers to assure that they are capable of consistently producing
product meeting specifications. The Company maintains a rigorous quality
assurance program of measuring devices used for manufacturing and inspection to
ensure appropriate accuracy and precision.
15
Each manufacturing facility is subject to periodic inspection by the FDA and
LRQA to independently assure the Company's compliance with its systems and
regulatory requirements.
PATENTS, LICENSES AND OTHER PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
The Company relies on a combination of patents, trade secrets, trademarks and
confidentiality agreements to protect its proprietary products, processing
technology and know-how. The Company believes that its patents, trade secrets,
trademarks and technology licensing rights provide it with important competitive
advantages. The Company owns or has licensed rights to 37 U.S. patents and 58
foreign patents, including patents relating to its technology for human
cardiovascular, vascular, and orthopaedic tissue preservation; tissue
revitalization prior to freezing; tissue transport; BioGlue Surgical Adhesive;
ACT; organ storage solution; and packaging. The Company has 20 pending U.S.
patent applications and in excess of 66 pending foreign applications that relate
to areas including heart valve and tissue processing technology and delivery of
bioadhesives for anastomosis and other uses. The Company sold all patents
related to the IFM product line to Horizon in 1998. There can be no assurance
that any patents pending will result in issued patents. The Company also has
exclusive licensing rights for technology relating to light-sensitive enzyme
inhibitors. The remaining duration of the Company's issued patents ranges from 3
to 17 years. The Company has licensed from third parties certain technologies
used in the development of its ACT and other technologies in licenses that call
for the payment of both development milestones and royalties based on product
sales, when and if such products are approved for marketing. The loss of these
licenses could adversely affect the Company's ability to successfully develop
its ACT or other technologies.
There can be no assurance that the claims allowed in any of the Company's
existing or future patents will provide competitive advantages for the Company's
products, processes and technologies or will not be successfully challenged or
circumvented by competitors. To the extent that any of the Company's products
are not patent protected, the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Under current law,
patent applications in the U.S. are maintained in secrecy until patents are
issued and patent applications in foreign countries are maintained in secrecy
for a period after filing. The right to a patent in the U.S. is attributable to
the first to invent, not the first to file a patent application. The Company
cannot be sure that its products or technologies do not infringe patents that
may be granted in the future pursuant to pending patent applications or that its
products do not infringe any patents or proprietary rights of third parties. The
Company may incur substantial legal fees in defending against a patent
infringement claim or in asserting claims against third parties. In the event
that any relevant claims of third-party patents are upheld as valid and
enforceable, the Company could be prevented from selling certain of its products
or could be required to obtain licenses from the owners of such patents or be
required to redesign its products to avoid infringement. There can be no
assurance that such licenses would be available or, if available, would be on
terms acceptable to the Company or that the Company would be successful in any
attempt to redesign its products or processes to avoid infringement. The
Company's failure to obtain these licenses or to redesign its products could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations. Furthermore, the Company is involved in litigation
relating to its SynerGraft technology. An adverse decision in that case could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of
operations.
The Company has entered into confidentiality agreements with all of its
employees and several of its consultants and third-party vendors to maintain the
confidentiality of trade secrets and proprietary information. There can be no
assurance that the obligations of employees of the Company and third parties
with whom the Company has entered into confidentiality agreements will
effectively prevent disclosure of the Company's confidential information or
provide meaningful protection for the Company's confidential information if
there is unauthorized use or disclosure, or that the Company's trade secrets or
proprietary information will not be independently developed by the Company's
competitors. Litigation may be necessary to defend against claims of
infringement, to enforce patents and trademarks of the Company, or to protect
trade secrets and could result in substantial cost to, and diversion of effort
by, the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company would prevail in any
such litigation. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect
the Company's proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the U.S.
16
COMPETITION
Cryopreserved Human Tissues and Bioprosthetic Cardiovascular Devices
The Company faces competition from at least one for-profit company and a small
number of non-profit tissue banks that cryopreserve and distribute human tissue,
as well as from companies that market mechanical, porcine and bovine heart
valves for implantation. Many established companies, some with resources greater
than those of the Company, are engaged in manufacturing, marketing and selling
alternatives to cryopreserved human tissue. Management believes that it competes
favorably with other entities that cryopreserve human tissue on the basis of
technology, customer service and quality assurance.
As compared to mechanical, porcine and bovine heart valves, management believes
that the human heart valves cryopreserved by the Company compete on the factors
set forth above, as well as by providing a tissue that is the preferred
replacement alternative with respect to certain medical conditions, such as
pediatric cardiac reconstruction, valve replacements for women in their
child-bearing years and valve replacements for patients with endocarditis.
Although human tissue cryopreserved by the Company is initially higher priced
than are mechanical alternatives, these alternatives typically require that the
patient take anti-coagulation drug therapy for the lifetime of the implant. As a
result of the costs associated with anti-coagulants, mechanical valves are
generally, over the life of the implant, more expensive than tissue
cryopreserved by the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, management believes
that, to date, price has not been a significant competitive factor.
Generally, for each procedure that may utilize other human tissue that the
Company cryopreserves, there are alternative treatments. Often, as in the case
of veins and ligaments, these alternatives include the repair, partial removal
or complete removal of the damaged tissue and may utilize other tissues from the
patients themselves or synthetic products. The selection of treatment choices is
made by the attending physician in consultation with the patient. Any newly
developed treatments will also compete with the use of tissue cryopreserved by
the Company.
Human and Stentless Porcine Heart Valves. Alternatives to human heart valves
cryopreserved by the Company include mechanical valves, porcine valves and
valves constructed from bovine pericardium. St. Jude Medical, Inc. is the
leading supplier of mechanical heart valves, and has a marketing and
distribution arrangement with a non-profit tissue bank for supplies of
cryopreserved human heart valves. Edwards Life Sciences, Inc. is the leading
supplier of bovine heart valves. In addition, management believes that at least
three tissue banks offer preservation services for human heart valves in
competition with the Company. The Company presently distributes its stentless
porcine heart valves only outside the U.S. These stentless porcine heart valves
compete with mechanical valves, human heart valves and processed bovine
pericardium. The Company is aware of at least three other companies that offer
stentless porcine heart valves.
Human Vascular Tissue. Synthetic alternatives to veins cryopreserved by the
Company are available primarily in medium and large diameters. Currently,
management believes that there are at least two other providers of cryopreserved
human vascular tissue in competition with the Company. Companies offering either
synthetic or allograft products may enter this market in the future.
Human Orthopaedic Tissue. The Company's competition in the area of orthopaedic
tissue varies according to the tissue involved. When transplant is indicated,
the principal competition for human tissues cryopreserved by the Company are
freeze-dried and fresh frozen human connective tissues. These alternative
allografts are distributed by distributors of Osteotech, Inc. and various tissue
banks, among others. Ligaments and tendons cryopreserved by the Company
constitute the principal treatment options for injuries which require anterior
cruciate ligament repair.
Implantable Biomedical Devices for Use as Surgical Adhesives and Sealants
The Company competes with many domestic and foreign medical device,
pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies. In the surgical adhesive and
surgical sealant area, the Company will compete with existing methodologies,
including traditional wound closure products such as sutures and staples,
marketed by companies such as Johnson & Johnson, United States Surgical
Corporation, Sherwood, Davis & Geck and others. Other products currently being
marketed include fibrin glue sold by Baxter International, Inc., Chemo-Sero
Therapeutic Research Institute, Hoechst AG and others, and management believes
17
other products are under development by Baxter Healthcare International, Inc.,
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, V.I. Technologies, Inc. and others. Other
competitors in the surgical sealant market include Closure Medical Corporation,
B. Braun GmbH, Focal, Inc., Fusion Medical Technologies Inc. and Cohesion, Inc.
Competitive products may also be under development by other large medical
device, pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies. Many of the Company's
current and potential competitors have substantially greater financial,
technological, research and development, regulatory and clinical, manufacturing,
marketing and sales and personnel resources than the Company.
These competitors may also have greater experience in developing products,
conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals, and manufacturing
and marketing such products. Certain of these competitors may obtain patent
protection, approval or clearance by the FDA or foreign countries or product
commercialization earlier than the Company, any of which could materially
adversely affect the Company. Furthermore, if the Company commences significant
commercial sales of its products, it will also be competing with respect to
manufacturing efficiency and marketing capabilities.
Other recently developed technologies or procedures are, or may in the future
be, the basis of competitive products. There can be no assurance that the
Company's current competitors or other parties will not succeed in developing
alternative technologies and products that are more effective, easier to use or
more economical than those which have been or are being developed by the Company
or that would render the Company's technology and products obsolete and
non-competitive in these fields. In such event, the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely
affected. See "Risk Factors--Rapid Technological Change."
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
U.S. Federal Regulation
Because human heart valves and BioGlue surgical bioadhesives are, and other
Company products may be, regulated in the future as medical devices, the Company
and these products are subject to the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act ("FDCA") and implementing regulations. Pursuant to the FDCA, the
FDA regulates the manufacture, distribution, labeling and promotion of medical
devices in the U.S. In addition, various foreign countries in which the
Company's products are or may be distributed impose additional regulatory
requirements.
The FDCA provides that, unless exempted by regulation, medical devices may not
be distributed in the U.S. unless they have been approved or cleared for
marketing by the FDA. There are two review procedures by which medical devices
can receive such approval or clearance. Some products may qualify for clearance
to be marketed under a Section 510(k) ("510(k)") procedure, in which the
manufacturer provides a premarket notification that it intends to begin
marketing the product, and shows that the product is substantially equivalent to
another legally marketed 510(k) product (i.e., that it has the same intended use
and that it is as safe and effective as a legally marketed 510(k) device and
does not raise different questions of safety and effectiveness than does a
legally marketed device). In some cases, the submission must include data from
clinical studies. Marketing may commence when the FDA issues a clearance letter
finding such substantial equivalence.
If the product does not qualify for the 510(k) procedure (either because it is
not substantially equivalent to a legally marketed 510(k) device or because it
is a Class III device required by the FDCA and implementing regulations to have
an approved application for premarket approval, known as a PMA) the FDA must
approve a PMA application before marketing can begin. PMA applications must
demonstrate, among other matters, that the medical device is safe and effective.
A PMA application is typically a complex submission, usually including the
results of human clinical studies, and preparing an application is a detailed
and time-consuming process. Once a PMA application has been submitted, the FDA's
review may be lengthy and may include requests for additional data. By statute
and regulation, the FDA may take 180 days to review a PMA application although
such time may be extended. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that a PMA
application will be reviewed within 180 days or that a PMA application will be
approved by the FDA.
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The FDCA also provides for an investigational device exemption ("IDE") which
authorizes distribution for clinical evaluation of devices that lack a PMA or
510(k). Devices subject to an IDE are subject to various restrictions imposed by
the FDA. The number of patients that may be treated with the device is limited,
as are the number of institutions at which the device may be used. Patients must
give informed consent to be treated with an investigational device. The device
must be labeled that it is for investigational use and may not be advertised, or
otherwise promoted, and the price charged for the device may be limited.
Unexpected adverse experiences must be reported to the FDA.
Under certain circumstances, the FDA may grant a Humanitarian Device Exemption.
HDE's are granted by the FDA in an attempt to encourage the development of
medical devices for use in the treatment of rare conditions that affect small
patient populations. An approval by the FDA exempts such devices from full
compliance with clinical study requirements for premarket approval.
The FDCA requires all medical device manufacturers and distributors to register
with the FDA annually and to provide the FDA with a list of those medical
devices which they distribute commercially. The FDCA also requires manufacturers
of medical devices to comply with labeling requirements and to manufacture
devices in accordance with Quality System Regulations, which require that
companies manufacture their products and maintain their documents in a
prescribed manner with respect to good manufacturing practices, design, document
production, process, labeling and packaging controls, process validation and
other quality control activities. The FDA's medical device reporting regulation
requires that a device manufacturer provide information to the FDA on death or
serious injuries alleged to have been associated with the use of its products,
as well as product malfunctions that would likely cause or contribute to death
or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur. The FDA's medical device
tracking regulation requires the adoption of a method of device tracking by
manufacturers of life-sustaining or implantable products, the failure of which
would be reasonably likely to have serious adverse health consequences, if the
FDA issues an order to do so. The manufacturer must adopt methods to ensure that
such devices can be traced from the manufacturing facility to the ultimate user,
the patient. The FDA further requires that certain medical devices not cleared
for marketing in the U.S. follow certain procedures before they are exported.
The FDA inspects medical device manufacturers and distributors and has authority
to seize noncomplying medical devices, to enjoin and/or to impose civil
penalties on manufacturers and distributors marketing non-complying medical
devices, to criminally prosecute violators and to order recalls in certain
instances.
Human Heart Valves. The Company's human heart valves became subject to
regulation by the FDA in June 1991, when the FDA published a notice stating that
human heart valves were Class III medical devices under the FDCA. The June 1991
notice provided that distribution of human heart valves for transplantation
would violate the FDCA unless they were the subject of an approved PMA or IDE on
or before August 26, 1991.
On October 14, 1994, the FDA announced in the Federal Register that neither an
approved application for PMA nor an IDE is required for processors and
distributors who had marketed heart valve allografts before June 26, 1991. This
action by the FDA has resulted in the allograft heart valves being classified as
Class II Medical Devices and has removed them from clinical trial status. It
also allows the Company to distribute such valves to cardiovascular surgeons
throughout the U.S.
Other Tissue. Other than human and porcine heart valves, BioGlue and SynerGraft
devices, none of the Company's other tissue services or tissue-based products
are currently subject to regulation as medical devices under the FDCA or FDA
regulation. Heart valves are one of a small number of processed human tissues
over which the FDA has asserted medical device jurisdiction. In July 1997, the
FDA published a final rule, which became effective in January 1998, regulating
"human tissue." The rule clarifies and modifies an earlier interim rule and
defines human tissue as any tissue derived from a human body which is (i)
intended for administration to another human for the diagnosis, cure,
mitigation, treatment or prevention of any condition or disease and (ii)
recovered, processed, stored or distributed by methods not intended to change
tissue function or characteristics. The FDA definition excludes, among other
things, tissue that currently is regulated as a human drug, biological product
or medical device and excludes kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas or any other
vascularized human organ. In January 2001 the FDA published a final rule to
require establishments that process or produce human tissue and cellular-based
products to register with the agency and list the tissue and cellular products
they process or manufacture. Human tissue is regulated by the FDA in a manner
19
the agency has deemed necessary to protect the public health from the
transmission of HIV infection and hepatitis infection through transplantation of
tissue from donors with or at risk for these diseases. Unlike certain drugs,
biologicals and medical devices, human tissue is not subject to premarket
notification or approval by the FDA. It is likely, moreover, that the FDA will
expand its regulation of processed human tissue in the future. For example, in
November 2000 the FDA published a proposed rule for good tissue manufacturing
practices. Moreover, the FDA may determine that the veins and connective tissue
that are currently processed by the Company are medical devices, or the FDA may
determine to regulate human heart valves as "human tissue" rather than medical
devices, but the FDA has not done so at this time. Complying with FDA regulatory
requirements or obtaining required FDA approvals or clearances may entail
significant time delays and expenses or may not be possible, any of which may
have a material adverse effect on the Company. In addition, the U.S. Congress is
expected to consider legislation that would regulate human tissue for transplant
or the FDA could impose a separate regulatory scheme for human tissue. Such
legislation or regulation could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Porcine Heart Valves. Porcine heart valves are Class III medical devices, and
FDA approval of a PMA is required prior to commercial distribution of such
valves in the U.S. The porcine heart valves currently marketed by the Company
have not been approved by the FDA for commercial distribution in the U.S. but
may be manufactured in the U.S. and exported to foreign countries if the valves
meet the specifications of the foreign purchaser, do not conflict with the laws
of and are approved by the country to which they will be exported and the FDA
determines that their exportation is not contrary to the public health and
safety.
BioGlue Surgical Adhesive. BioGlue Surgical Adhesive is regulated as a Class III
medical device by the FDA. In December 2001 the Company received FDA approval
for BioGlue as an adjunct to sutures and staples for use in adult patients in
open surgical repair of large vessels. Prior to this approval, the Company
received a HDE in December 1999 for BioGlue Surgical Adhesive for use as an
adjunct in repair of acute thoracic aortic dissections.
Possible Other FDA Regulation. Other products and processes under development by
the Company are likely to be subject to regulation by the FDA. Some may be
classified as medical devices; others may be classified as drugs or biological
products or subject to a regulatory scheme for human tissue that the FDA may
adopt in the future. Regulation of drugs and biological products is
substantially similar to regulation of medical devices. Obtaining FDA approval
to market these products is likely to be a time consuming and expensive process,
and there can be no assurance that any of these products will ever receive FDA
approval, if required, to be marketed.
NOTA Regulation. The Company's activities in processing and transporting human
hearts and certain other organs are also subject to federal regulation under the
National Organ Transplant Act ("NOTA"), which makes it unlawful for any person
to knowingly acquire, receive or otherwise transfer any human organ for valuable
consideration for use in human transplantation if the transfer affects
interstate commerce. NOTA excludes from the definition of "valuable
consideration" reasonable payments associated with the removal, transportation,
implantation, processing, preservation, quality control and storage of a human
organ. The purpose of this statutory provision is to allow for compensation for
legitimate services. The Company believes that to the extent its activities are
subject to NOTA, it meets this statutory provision relating to the
reasonableness of its charges. There can be no assurance, however, that
restrictive interpretations of NOTA will not be adopted in the future that would
call into question one or more aspects of the Company's methods of charging for
its preservation services.
State Licensing Requirements
Some states have enacted statutes and regulations governing the processing,
transportation and storage of human organs and tissue. The activities engaged in
by the Company require it to be licensed as a clinical laboratory and tissue
bank under Georgia, New York, California and Florida law. The Company has such
licenses, and the Company believes it is in compliance with applicable state
laws and regulations relating to clinical laboratories and tissue banks which
store, process and distribute human tissue designed to be used for medical
purposes in human beings. There can be no assurance, however, that more
restrictive state laws or regulations will not be adopted in the future that
could adversely affect the Company's operations. Certain employees of the
Company have obtained other required licenses.
20
Foreign Approval Requirements
Sales of medical devices and biological products outside the U.S. are subject to
foreign regulatory requirements that vary widely from country to country.
Approval of a product by comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries
must be obtained prior to commercial distribution of the product in those
countries. The time required to obtain foreign approvals may be longer or
shorter than that required for FDA approval. The EC recognizes a single
approval, called a CE Mark, which allows for distribution of an approved product
throughout the EC (15 countries) without additional general applications to each
country. However, individual EC members reserve the right to require additional
data to address particular patient safety issues prior to allowing importation.
France and an increasing number of EC members require such additional data for
products containing material of animal origin. The CE Mark is awarded by third
parties called Notified Bodies. These Notified Bodies are approved and subject
to review by the Competent Authorities of their respective countries. A number
of countries outside of the EC accept the CE Mark in lieu of clinical data
submission as an addendum to that country's application process. The Company has
been issued CE Marks for its CryoLife-O'Brien and CryoLife-Ross porcine heart
valves, BioGlue Surgical Adhesive, and its SynerGraft Model 500 and 700 heart
valves and SynerGraft Model 100 vascular grafts. The Company's porcine heart
valves may be exported to specified developed nations, including countries in
the EC, Australia, Canada, Israel, New Zealand, South Africa and Switzerland if
they comply with the laws of that country and have valid marketing authorization
by the appropriate authority in that country. Beginning in July 1998, CE Mark
Certification was required to market porcine heart valves and other
bioprosthetics in the EC.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
The Company's tissue processing activities generate some biomedical wastes
consisting primarily of human and animal pathological and biological wastes,
including human and animal tissue and body fluids removed during laboratory
procedures. The biomedical wastes generated by the Company are placed in
appropriately constructed and labeled containers and are segregated from other
wastes generated by the Company. The Company contracts with third parties for
transport, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste. Although the Company
believes it is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations promulgated by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Georgia Department of Natural
Resources, Environmental Protection Division, the failure by the Company to
comply fully with any such regulations could result in an imposition of
penalties, fines or sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business.
EMPLOYEES
At March 21, 2002 the Company had approximately 384 employees. These employees
included 13 persons with PhD degrees. None of the Company's employees is
represented by a labor organization or covered by a collective bargaining
agreement, and the Company has never experienced a work stoppage or interruption
due to labor disputes. Management believes its relations with its employees are
good.
21
RISK FACTORS
DEPENDENCE ON PRESERVATION OF HUMAN TISSUE
A significant portion of the Company's current revenues is derived from the
preservation of human tissues. The success of this business depends upon, among
other factors, the availability of sufficient quantities of tissue from human
donors. Any material reduction in the supply of donated human tissue could
restrict the Company's growth. The Company relies primarily upon the efforts of
third party procurement agencies and tissue banks (most of which are
not-for-profit) and others to educate the public and foster a willingness to
donate tissue. Based on the Company's experience with cardiovascular, vascular
and orthopaedic tissues, management believes that once the use by physicians of
a particular transplantable tissue gains acceptance, demand for that tissue will
exceed the amount of tissue available from human donors. Failure of the Company
to maintain its supply of tissue for preservation could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Furthermore, a reduction in the demand for the Company's cryopreserved human
tissue could also have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
financial condition and results of operations. Such reduction could occur if
competitors' products were perceived as either functionally superior or more
cost effective, if the number of procedures in which cryopreserved tissues are
used declines or if hospitals acquire sufficient inventories of cryopreserved
tissue to allow a reduction in new orders. See "--Intense Competition" and
"--Uncertainties Regarding Future Health Care Reimbursement."
INTENSE COMPETITION
The Company faces competition from other companies that cryopreserve human
tissue, as well as companies that market mechanical valves and synthetic and
animal tissue for implantation and companies that market wound closure products.
Management believes that at least three tissue banks offer preservation services
for human heart valves and many companies offer processed porcine heart valves
and mechanical heart valves. A few companies dominate portions of the mechanical
and porcine heart valve markets, including St. Jude Medical, Inc., Medtronic,
Inc. and Edwards Life Sciences. The Company is aware that several companies have
surgical adhesive products under development. Competitive products may also be
under development by other large medical device, pharmaceutical and
biopharmaceutical companies. Many of the Company's competitors have greater
financial, technical, manufacturing and marketing resources than the Company and
are well established in their markets. There can be no assurance that the
Company's products and services will be able to compete successfully with the
products of these or other companies. Any products developed by the Company that
gain regulatory clearance or approval will have to compete for market acceptance
and market share. Failure of the Company to compete effectively could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations. See "Business--Competition."
RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
The technologies underlying the Company's products and services are subject to
rapid and profound technological change. The Company expects competition to
intensify as technical advances in each field are made and become more widely
known. There can be no assurance that others will not develop products or
processes with significant advantages over the products and processes that the
Company offers or is seeking to develop. Any such occurrence could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
UNCERTAINTIES REGARDING PRODUCTS IN DEVELOPMENT
The Company's growth and profitability will depend, in part, upon its ability to
complete development of and successfully introduce new products, including
additional applications of its BioGlue and SynerGraft technologies and its ACT.
The Company may be required to undertake time consuming and costly development
activities and seek regulatory clearance or approval for new products. See
"--Extensive Government Regulation." Although the Company has conducted
22
pre-clinical studies on many of its products under development which indicate
that such products may be effective in a particular application, there can be no
assurance that the results obtained from expanded clinical studies will be
consistent with earlier trial results or be sufficient for the Company to obtain
any required regulatory approvals or clearances. There can be no assurance that
the Company will not experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the
successful development, introduction and marketing of new products, that
regulatory clearance or approval of these or any new products will be granted on
a timely basis, if ever, or that the new products will adequately meet the
requirements of the applicable market or achieve market acceptance. The
completion of the development of any of the Company's products remains subject
to all of the risks associated with the commercialization of new products based
on innovative technologies, including unanticipated technical or other problems,
manufacturing difficulties and the possible insufficiency of the funds allocated
for the completion of such development. Consequently, there can be no assurance
that any of the Company's products under development will be successfully
developed or manufactured or, if developed and manufactured, that such products
will meet price or performance objectives, be developed on a timely basis or
prove to be as effective as competing products. The inability to complete
successfully the development of a product or application, or a determination by
the Company, for financial, technical or other reasons, not to complete
development of any product or application, particularly in instances in which
the Company has made significant capital expenditures, could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations.
The Company's porcine heart valve products, including its SynerGraft treated
porcine valves, are currently only offered for sale outside of the U.S. The
Company's porcine heart valves are subject to the risk that the Company may be
unable to obtain regulatory approval necessary to permit commercial distribution
of these products in the U.S.
The Company's research and development efforts are time consuming and expensive
and there can be no assurance that these efforts will lead to commercially
successful products or services. Even the successful commercialization of a new
service or product in the medical industry can be characterized by slow growth
and high costs associated with marketing, under-utilized production capacity and
continuing research, and development and education costs. Generally, the
introduction of new human tissue products requires significant physician
training and years of clinical evidence derived from follow-up studies on human
implant recipients in order to gain acceptance in the medical community.
UNCERTAINTIES REGARDING THE FUNDING OF THE ACT TECHNOLOGY
The ACT is a reversible linker technology that has potential uses in the areas
of cancer therapy, fibrin olysis (blood clot dissolving) and other drug delivery
applications. The Company has formed AuraZyme, a wholly-owned subsidiary, in
order to seek a corporate collaboration or to complete a potential private
placement of equity or equity-oriented securities to fund the commercial
development of the ACT. This strategy is designed to allow the Company to
continue development of this technology without incurring additional research
and development expenditures, other than through AuraZyme. There can be no
guarantee that such funding can be obtained on acceptable terms, if at all. If
such funding is not obtained, the Company may be unable to effectively test and
develop the ACT, and may therefore be unable to determine its effectiveness.
Even if such financing is obtained, there is no guarantee that the ACT will in
fact prove to be effective in the above applications. Failure to obtain the
desired financing, or failure of the ACT to perform as anticipated in future
tests, could have a material adverse effect on our future expansion plans and
could limit future growth.
UNCERTAINTIES REGARDING THE SYNERGRAFT TECHNOLOGY
The Company currently processes porcine, bovine and human tissues with the
SynerGraft process. In animal studies, explanted porcine heart valves have been
shown to repopulate with the hosts' cells. However, should SynerGraft-treated
tissues implanted in humans not repopulate with the human host cells, the
SynerGraft-treated tissues may not have the longevity that the Company currently
expects. This could have a material adverse effect on future expansion plans and
could limit future growth.
23
EXTENSIVE GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Government regulation in the U.S., the EC and other jurisdictions represents a
potentially determinative factor in the success of the Company's efforts to
market and develop its products. See "Business--Government Regulation." The
human heart valves to which the Company applies its preservation services are
currently regulated as Class II medical devices by the FDA and are subject to
significant regulatory requirements, including Quality System Regulations and
recordkeeping requirements. There can be no assurance that changes in regulatory
treatment or the adoption of new statutory or regulatory requirements will not
occur, which could adversely impact the marketing or development of these
products or could adversely affect market demand for these products.
Other allograft tissues processed and distributed by the Company are currently
regulated as "human tissue" under rules promulgated by the FDA pursuant to the
Public Health Services Act. These rules establish requirements for donor testing
and screening of human tissue and recordkeeping relating to these activities and
impose certain registration and product listing requirements on establishments
that process or distribute human tissue or cellular-based products. Although the
Company's other human tissue allografts are not currently regulated as medical
devices, such tissue may in the future become subject to more extensive FDA
regulation, which could include PMA or product licensing requirements.
BioGlue Surgical Adhesive is regulated as a Class III medical device and the
Company believes that its ACT may be regulated as a biologic or drug by the FDA.
The ACT has not been approved for commercial distribution in the U.S. or
elsewhere. Fixed porcine heart valve products are classified as Class III
medical devices. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
obtain the FDA approval required to distribute its porcine heart valve products
in the U.S. Distribution of these products within the EC is dependent upon the
Company maintaining its CE Mark and ISO 9001 certifications, of which there can
be no assurance.
Most of the Company's products in development, if successfully developed, will
require regulatory approvals from the FDA and perhaps other regulatory
authorities before they may be commercially distributed. The process of
obtaining required regulatory approvals from the FDA normally involves clinical
trials and the preparation of an extensive PMA application and often takes many
years. The process is expensive and can vary significantly based on the type,
complexity and novelty of the product. There can be no assurance that any
products developed by the Company, independently or in collaboration with
others, will receive the required approvals for manufacturing and marketing.
Delays in obtaining U.S. or foreign approvals could result in substantial
additional cost to the Company and adversely affect the Company's competitive
position. The FDA may also place conditions on product approvals that could
restrict commercial applications of such products. Product marketing approvals
or clearances may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not
maintained or if problems occur following initial marketing. Delays imposed by
the governmental clearance process may materially reduce the period during which
the Company has the exclusive right to commercialize patented products. Also,
delays or rejections may be encountered during any stage of the regulatory
approval process based upon the failure of the clinical or other data to
demonstrate compliance with, or upon the failure of the product to meet, the
regulatory agency's requirements for safety, efficacy and quality, and those
requirements may become more stringent due to changes in applicable law,
regulatory agency policy or the adoption of new regulations. Clinical trials may
also be delayed due to unanticipated side effects, inability to locate, recruit
and qualify sufficient numbers of patients, lack of funding, the inability to
locate or recruit clinical investigators, the redesign of clinical trial
programs, the inability to manufacture or acquire sufficient quantities of the
particular product candidate or any other components required for clinical
trials, changes in the Company's or its collaborative partners' development
focus and disclosure of trial results by competitors. Even if regulatory
approval is obtained for any of the Company's products or services, the scope of
the approval may significantly limit the indicated usage for which such products
or services may be marketed.
Products marketed by the Company pursuant to FDA or foreign oversight or
approval are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation. In the U.S.,
devices and biologics must be manufactured in registered establishments (and, in
the case of biologics, licensed establishments) and must be produced in
accordance with Quality System Regulations. Manufacturing facilities and
processes are subject to periodic FDA inspection. For example, the FDA is
currently inspecting our facilities in suburban Atlanta, Georgia. Labeling and
promotional activities are also subject to scrutiny by the FDA and, in certain
instances, by the Federal Trade Commission. The export of devices and biologics
is also subject to regulation and may require FDA approval. From time to time,
the FDA may modify such regulations, imposing additional or different
requirements. Failure to comply with any applicable FDA requirements, which may
be ambiguous, could result in civil and criminal enforcement actions, warnings,
24
citations, product recalls or detentions and other penalties and could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations. In addition, NOTA prohibits the acquisition or transfer
of human organs for "valuable consideration" for use in human transplantation.
NOTA permits the payment of reasonable expenses associated with the removal,
transportation, processing, preservation, quality control and storage of human
organs. There can be no assurance that restrictive interpretations of NOTA will
not be adopted in the future that will challenge one or more aspects of the
Company's methods of charging for its preservation services. The Company's
laboratory operations are subject to the U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational
Safety and Health Administration and Environmental Protection Agency
requirements for prevention of occupational exposure to infectious agents and
hazardous chemicals and protection of the environment. Some states have enacted
statutes and regulations governing the processing, transportation and storage of
human organs and tissue. While management believes that the Company is presently
in compliance in all material respects with all such applicable statutes and
regulations, there can be no assurance that more restrictive state laws or
regulations will not be adopted in the future that could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
See "Business--Government Regulation."
UNCERTAINTIES RELATED TO PATENTS AND PROTECTION OF PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY
The Company owns several patents, patent applications and licenses relating to
its technologies, which it believes provide important competitive advantages.
There can be no assurance that the Company's pending patent applications will
issue as patents or that challenges will not be instituted concerning the
validity or enforceability of any patent owned by the Company, or, if
instituted, that such challenges will not be successful. The cost of litigation
to uphold the validity and prevent infringement of a patent could be
substantial. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that competitors will not
independently develop similar technologies or duplicate the Company's
technologies or design around the patented aspects of the Company's
technologies. There can be no assurance that the Company's proposed technologies
will not infringe patents or other rights owned by others. In addition, under
certain of the Company's license agreements, if the Company fails to meet
certain contractual obligations, including the payment of minimum royalty
amounts, such licenses may become nonexclusive or terminable by the licensor,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations. Additionally, the Company protects its
proprietary technologies and processes in part by confidentiality agreements
with its collaborative partners, employees and consultants. There can be no
assurance that these agreements will not be breached, that the Company will have
adequate remedies for any breach or that the Company's trade secrets will not
otherwise become known or independently discovered by competitors, any of which
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the Company is involved in
litigation relating to its SynerGraft technology. An adverse decision in that
case could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results
of operations.
UNCERTAINTIES REGARDING FUTURE HEALTH CARE REIMBURSEMENT
Even though the Company does not receive payments directly from third-party
health care payors, their reimbursement methods and policies impact demand for
the Company's cryopreserved tissue and other services and products. The
Company's preservation services may be particularly susceptible to third-party
cost containment measures. In particular, the initial cost of a cryopreserved
human heart valve generally exceeds the cost of a mechanical, synthetic or
animal-derived valve. The Company is unable to predict what changes will be made
in the reimbursement methods and policies utilized by third-party health care
payors or their effect on the Company. Changes in the reimbursement methods and
policies utilized by third-party health care payors, including Medicare, with
respect to cryopreserved tissues provided for implant by the Company and other
Company services and products, could have a material adverse effect on the
Company. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly
approved health care products and services and there can be no assurance that
adequate third-party coverage will be available for the Company to maintain
price levels sufficient for realization of an appropriate return on its
investment in developing new products. Government and other third-party payors
are increasingly attempting to contain health care costs by limiting both
coverage and the level of reimbursement for new products approved for marketing
by the FDA and by refusing in some cases to provide any coverage for uses of
25
approved products for indications for which the FDA has not granted marketing
approval. If adequate coverage and reimbursement levels are not provided by
government and other third-party payors for uses of the Company's new products
and services, market acceptance of these products would be adversely affected,
which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations.
DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL
The Company's business and future operating results depend in significant part
upon the continued contributions of its key technical personnel and senior
management, many of whom would be difficult to replace. The Company's business
and future operating results also depend in significant part upon its ability to
attract and retain qualified management, processing, technical, marketing, sales
and support personnel for its operation. Competition for such personnel is
intense and there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in
attracting and retaining such personnel. The loss of key employees, the failure
of any key employee to perform adequately or the Company's inability to attract
and retain skilled employees as needed could have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
PRODUCT LIABILITY AND INSURANCE
The use of the Company's products and human tissue processed by the Company
involves the possibility of adverse effects that could expose the Company to
product liability claims. A recent U.S. Supreme Court decision held that product
liability may exist despite FDA approval, and future court decisions may also
increase the Company's risk of product liability. From time to time, the Company
is involved in legal proceedings based on product liability claims of a nature
considered normal to its business. The Company's products are used by health
care providers in connection with the treatment of patients, who will, on
occasion, sustain injury or die as a result of their condition or medical
treatment. If a lawsuit is filed because of such an occurrence, the Company,
along with physicians and nurses, hospitals and other medical suppliers, may be
named as a defendant, and whether or not the Company is ultimately determined to
be liable, the Company may incur significant legal expenses. In addition, such
litigation could damage the Company's reputation and therefore impair its
ability to market its products or obtain product liability insurance and could
cause the premiums for such insurance to increase. Although the Company has
incurred minimal losses due to product liability claims to date, there can be no
assurance that it will not incur significant losses in the future. The Company
currently maintains product liability insurance in the aggregate amount of $23
million per year. There can be no assurance that such coverage will continue to
be available on terms acceptable to the Company or will be adequate to cover any
losses due to product claims if actually incurred. Furthermore, if any such
claim is successful, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations. See "Business--Legal
Proceedings."
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION
The Company tests the serum from the donor of preserved human tissue for
infectious diseases in compliance with 21 CFR 1270, relating to human tissue
intended for transplantation. The Company treats human tissue with
antimicrobials to reduce the number of organisms that may be present at the time
of procurement, and subsequently, tests a portion of the human tissue for
detectable levels of bacterial and fungal microorganisms. Although the Company
tests human tissue, there can be no assurance that preserved human tissue is
free from all infectious diseases or microbial contamination. In November 2001
and March 2002 a total of 14 post-transplant infections, including one resulting
in the death of a patient, were reported to be linked to tissues processed by
the Company. Such events could lead to concerns over use of CryoLife's tissue,
and a decrease in demand for CryoLife's services and products. Any related
changes in the Company's tissue processing procedures could have an adverse
effect on the cost of tissue processing services.
USE AND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
26
The Company's research, development and processing activities involve the
controlled use of small quantities of radioactive compounds, chemical solvents
and other hazardous materials. The Company's activities also include the
preservation and the processing of human and animal tissue. Although the Company
believes that its safety procedures for handling, processing and disposing of
hazardous materials and human and animal tissue comply with the standards
prescribed by federal, state and local regulations, the risk of accidental
contamination, injury or disease transmission from these materials cannot be
completely eliminated. In the event of such an accident or transmission, the
Company could be held liable for resulting damages and any liability could have
a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations. Also, any failure to comply with applicable regulations
could result in the imposition of penalties, fines and sanctions, which could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations.
VOLATILITY OF SECURITIES PRICES
The trading price of the Company's Common Stock has been subject to wide
fluctuations from time to time and may continue to be subject to such volatility
in the future. Trading price fluctuations can be caused by a variety of factors,
including quarter to quarter variations in operating results, announcement of
technological innovations or new products by the Company or its competitors,
governmental regulatory acts, developments with respect to patents or
proprietary rights, general conditions in the medical device or service
industries, actions taken by government regulators, changes in earnings
estimates by securities analysts or other events or factors, many of which are
beyond the Company's control. If the Company's revenues or operating results in
future quarters fall below the expectations of securities analysts and
investors, the price of the Company's Common Stock would likely decline, perhaps
substantially. Changes in the trading price of the Company's Common Stock may
bear no relation to the Company's actual operational or financial results.
ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS
The Company's Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws contain provisions that may
discourage or make more difficult any attempt by a person or group to obtain
control of the Company, including provisions authorizing the issuance of
preferred stock without shareholder approval, restricting the persons who may
call a special meeting of the shareholders and prohibiting shareholders from
taking action by written consent. In addition, the Company is subject to certain
provisions of Florida law that may discourage or make more difficult takeover
attempts or acquisitions of substantial amounts of the Company's Common Stock.
Further, pursuant to the terms of a shareholder rights plan adopted in 1995,
each outstanding share of Common Stock has one attached right. The rights will
cause substantial dilution of the ownership of a person or group that attempts
to acquire the Company on terms not approved by the Board and may have the
effect of deterring hostile takeover attempts.
ABSENCE OF DIVIDENDS
The Company has not paid, and does not presently intend to pay, cash dividends.
The Company's major credit agreement contains, and future credit agreements may
contain, financial covenants, including covenants to maintain certain levels of
net worth and certain leverage ratios, which could have the effect of
restricting the amount of dividends that the Company may pay. It is not likely
that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-K includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"),
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange
Act") and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements,
other than statements of historical facts, included or incorporated by reference
in this Form 10-K which address activities, events or developments which the
Company expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future, including
statements regarding the Company's competitive position, the successful
development of its SynerGraft porcine valves, the funding to continue
27
development of the ACT, other estimated dates relating to the Company's proposed
regulatory submissions, the Company's expectations regarding the adequacy of
current financing arrangements, product demand and market growth, the potential
of the ACT for use in cancer therapies, fibrin olysis (blood clot dissolving),
and other drug delivery applications, the outcome of litigation, the impact on
the Company of adverse results of surgery utilizing tissue processed by it, and
other statements regarding future plans and strategies, anticipated events or
trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts
are forward-looking statements. These statements are based on certain
assumptions and analyses made by the Company in light of its experience and its
perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future
developments as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the
circumstances. However, whether actual results and developments will conform
with the Company's expectations and predictions is subject to a number of risks
and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from the
Company's expectations, including the risk factors discussed in this Form 10-K
and other factors, many of which are beyond the control of the Company.
Consequently, all of the forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-K are
qualified by these cautionary statements and there can be no assurance that the
actual results or developments anticipated by the Company will be realized or,
even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences to
or effects on the Company or its business or operations. The Company assumes no
obligation to update publicly any such forward-looking statements, whether as a
result of new information, future events or otherwise.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
The Company's facilities are located in suburban Atlanta, Georgia, and in
Fareham, United Kingdom. The Atlanta facility consists of three separate
locations totaling approximately 243,000 square feet of leased office,
manufacturing, laboratory and warehouse space. Approximately 30,000 square feet
are dedicated to clean room work areas. The primary facility has five main
laboratory facilities: human tissue processing, BioGlue manufacturing,
bioprosthesis manufacturing, research and development, and microbiology. Each of
these areas consists of a general technician work area and adjoining "clean
rooms" for work with human tissue and for aseptic processing. The clean rooms
are supplied with highly filtered air which provides a near-sterile environment.
The human tissue processing laboratory contains approximately 13,500 square feet
with a suite of eight clean rooms. The BioGlue manufacturing laboratory contains
approximately 13,500 square feet with a suite of six clean rooms. The
bioprosthesis manufacturing laboratory contains approximately 20,000 square feet
with a suite of six clean rooms. The research and development laboratory is
approximately 14,500 square feet with a suite of eight clean rooms. The
microbiology laboratory is approximately 6,600 square feet with a suite of three
clean rooms. The AuraZyme Pharmaceuticals laboratory facility contains
approximately 11,000 square feet, including approximately 4,000 square feet of
laboratory space with a suite of eight clean rooms. The pilot production
laboratory, which contains approximately 20,000 square feet, with about 2,100
square feet of laboratory space and a suite of six clean rooms for tissue
processing. The Europa facility located in Fareham, United Kingdom contains
approximately 5,600 square feet of office, warehousing and training laboratory
space. Subsequent to the sale of the IFM assets, the Company continues to lease
the 30,000 square foot IFM facility in St. Petersburg, Florida from the former
principal shareholder of IFM. A wholly-owned subsidiary of Vascutech, Inc.
currently subleases the IFM facility from the Company. The Company's lease and
sublease on its IFM facility expires in 2007.
During 2001 the Company completed a 100,000 square foot addition to its
corporate headquarters and laboratory facilities located on a 21.5-acre
campus-style setting in suburban Atlanta, Georgia. The new addition is designed
to accommodate growth and development of the Company's BioGlue Surgical Adhesive
and the SynerGraft family of biologic implantable devices.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation relating to claims
arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. Management
believes that, except for the litigation described in the following paragraph,
no currently ongoing litigation, if determined adversely to the Company, will
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or
results of operations.
28
On May 23, 2001, Colorado State University Research Foundation (`CSURF") filed
an action in United States District Court, District of Colorado, alleging that
the Company breached a March 26, 1996 Technology License Agreement between CSURF
and the Company (the "TLA"). The TLA grants the Company a sole and exclusive,
worldwide, royalty bearing license to certain defined technology owned,
developed or acquired by CSURF relating to fibroblast and other cellular in
growth into human, animal and bioprosthetic grafts (collectively, the "Licensed
Technology") and grants the Company the right to make products using the
Licensed Technology. CSURF alleges that the Company uses the Licensed Technology
in the Company's SynerGraft process and that the Company has breached the TLA by
not paying royalties to CSURF on tissues processed using the SynerGraft process.
The Company denies these allegations and asserts that no royalties are due to
CSURF under the TLA because the Company's SynerGraft process does not utilize
the Licensed Technology. CSURF also alleges that the Company is obliged to
assign to CSURF certain Company patents and patent applications relating to the
Company's SynerGraft process and that the Company engaged in deceptive conduct
by not naming CSURF as owner or its representative Christopher Orton as an
inventor on those Company patents and patent applications. The Company denies
CSURF's allegations and asserts that CSURF is not entitled to any ownership
interest in the Company's patents or patent applications, that the Company has
not engaged in any deceptive practice, and that CSURF's assignor is not an
inventor of any Company patents or patent applications.
CSURF has asked the Court to order the Company to assign its interest in certain
Company patents and patent applications to CSURF to order that the TLA be
terminated, to order that the Court revise the names of the inventors on the
same Company patents to include CSURF's assignor as an inventor, and to hold
that the Company has engaged in deceptive conduct. CSURF has requested that it
be awarded actual damages in an amount to be determined at trial, that its
damage award be trebled, that a constructive trust be imposed in CSURF's favor
on all profits CryoLife obtains from tissue processed using the SynerGraft
technology and that CSURF be awarded its attorneys' fees, pre-judgment and
post-judgment interest, and such other relief as the Court may deem appropriate.
The case is currently in discovery. Interrogatory responses and documents have
been exchanged. The Company believes that CSURF's allegations are false and that
the Company will prevail in the action. Nonetheless, an adverse decision by the
Court could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results
of operations.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
Inapplicable.
ITEM 4A. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT.
Each of the executive officers of the Registrant was elected by the Board of
Directors to serve until the Board of Directors' meeting immediately following
the next annual meeting of shareholders or until his earlier removal by the
Board of Directors or his resignation. The following table lists the executive
officers of the Registrant and their ages, positions with the Registrant, and
the dates from which they have continually served in their present positions
with the Registrant.
DATE FIRST ELECTED TO
NAME AGE POSITION PRESENT OFFICE
---- --- -------- --------------
Steven G. Anderson 63 President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman February, 1984
Sidney B. Ashmore 43 Vice President, Marketing March, 2001
Kirby S. Black, PhD 47 Senior Vice President, Research and Development July, 1995
David M. Fronk 38 Vice President, Clinical Research December, 1998
Albert E. Heacox, PhD 51 Senior Vice President, Laboratory Operations June, 1989
D. Ashley Lee, CPA 37 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer April, 2000
James C. Vander Wyk, PhD 57 Vice President, Regulatory Affairs and Quality February, 1996
Assurance
Ronald D. McCall, Esq. 65 Director, Secretary and Treasurer January, 1984
29
STEVEN G. ANDERSON, a founder of the Company, has served as the Company's
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman since its inception. Mr.
Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in the implantable medical device
industry. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Anderson was Senior Executive Vice
President and Vice President, Marketing, from 1976 until 1983 of Intermedics,
Inc. (now Guidant, Inc.), a manufacturer and distributor of pacemakers and other
medical devices. Mr. Anderson received his BA from the University of Minnesota.
SIDNEY B. ASHMORE has served as Vice President of Marketing since March 2001 and
has been with the Company since September 1996 as Director of Marketing. Mr.
Ashmore is responsible for developing and implementing the Company's sales and
marketing plans and supervising all tissue procurement activities. Prior to
joining the Company, Mr. Ashmore held senior marketing positions with Baxter
Healthcare from 1991 to 1996, and general management positions with Amorient
Aquafarms from 1985 - 1989. Mr. Ashmore received his BA from Vanderbilt
University in 1981, his MS from the University of Hawaii in 1985 and his MBA
from Northwestern University in 1991.
KIRBY S. BLACK, PHD, has served as Vice President of Research and Development
since July 1995. Dr. Black was promoted to Senior Vice President in December of
2000. Dr. Black is responsible for the continued development of the Company's
current products as well as the evaluation of new technologies. Dr. Black is
listed on six patents and has authored over 130 publications. Prior to joining
the Company, Dr. Black was Director, Medical Information and Project Leader from
July 1993 until July 1994 at Advanced Tissue Sciences, LaJolla, California. Dr.
Black has also held a number of positions at the University of California at
Irvine, including Director, Transplantation and Immunology Laboratories,
Department of Surgery. Dr. Black received his BSME degree from the University of
California, Los Angeles, and his PhD degree in immunology from the University of
California at Irvine.
DAVID M. FRONK was appointed to the position of Vice President of Clinical
Research in December 1998 and has been with the Company since 1992. Mr. Fronk is
responsible for managing the pre-clinical and clinical investigations for all
products, as well as monitoring product performance. Prior to joining the
Company, Mr. Fronk held engineering positions with Zimmer Inc. from 1986 until
1988 and Baxter Healthcare Corporation from 1988 until 1991. Mr. Fronk served as
a market manager with Baxter Healthcare Corporation from 1991 until 1992. Mr.
Fronk received his BS in Mechanical Engineering at The Ohio State University in
1985 and his MS in Biomedical Engineering at The Ohio State University in 1986.
ALBERT E. HEACOX, PHD, has served as Vice President, Laboratory Operations since
June 1989 and has been with the Company since June of 1985. Dr. Heacox was
promoted to Senior Vice President in December of 2000. Dr. Heacox has been
responsible for developing protocols and procedures for both cardiovascular and
connective tissues, implementing upgrades in procedures in conjunction with the
Company's quality assurance programs, and overseeing all production activities
of the Company's laboratories. Prior to joining the Company, Dr. Heacox worked
as a researcher with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and North Dakota State
University, developing methods for the preservation of cells and animal germ
plasm storage. Dr. Heacox received a BA and an MS in Biology from Adelphi
University, received his PhD in Biology from Washington State University and
completed his post-doctorate training in cell biology at the University of
Cologne, West Germany.
D. ASHLEY LEE, CPA, has served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of
the Company since April 2000 and had previously served as controller of the
Company since December 1994. Mr. Lee is responsible for the financial affairs of
the Company, as well as information technology, human resources, and purchasing.
From 1993 to 1994, Mr. Lee served as the Assistant Director of Finance for
Compass Retail Inc, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Equitable Real Estate. From
1987 to 1993, Mr. Lee was employed as a certified public accountant with Ernst &
Young, LLP. Mr. Lee received his BS in Accounting from the University of
Mississippi.
JAMES C. VANDER WYK, PHD, has served as Vice President, Regulatory Affairs and
Quality Assurance of the Company since February 1996. Prior to joining the
Company, Dr. Vander Wyk held senior management positions at Schneider (USA),
Inc. from 1993 until 1996, Pharmacia Deltec, Inc. from 1985 until 1993, Delmed,
Inc. from 1980 until 1985 and Pharmaco, Inc. from 1975 to 1979, gaining 20 years
of experience in Regulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance. Dr. Vander Wyk
received his BS in Pharmacy from the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and his
PhD in Microbiology from the University of Massachusetts. Dr. Vander Wyk
30
performed his NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Illinois.
RONALD D. MCCALL has served as a director of the Company and as the Secretary
and Treasurer of the Company since January 1984. From 1985 to the present, Mr.
McCall has been the proprietor of the law firm of Ronald D. McCall, Attorney At
Law, Tampa, Florida. Mr. McCall was admitted to the practice of law in Florida
in 1961. Mr. McCall received his BA and JD degrees from the University of
Florida.
31
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
Market Price of Common Stock
The Company's Common Stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the
symbol "CRY." The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the
intra-day high and low sale prices per share of Common Stock on the NYSE.
2001 High Low
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First quarter 28.30 20.35
Second quarter 40.91 24.10
Third quarter 44.20 29.18
Fourth quarter 39.25 24.96
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 High Low
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First quarter 16.42 7.50
Second quarter 16.25 10.38
Third quarter 23.13 14.88
Fourth quarter 35.88 17.83
Reflects adjustment for 3-to-2 stock split effected December 27, 2000.
The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its Common Stock.
The Company currently intends to retain any future earnings for funding growth
and, therefore, does not anticipate paying any cash dividends on its Common
Stock in the foreseeable future. The holders of any shares of Preferred Stock
issued by the Company will have a preference as to the payment of dividends over
the holders of shares of Common Stock. No shares of Preferred Stock are
currently issued and outstanding. The Credit Facility contains, and future
credit agreements may contain, financial covenants, including covenants to
maintain certain levels of net worth and certain leverage ratios, which could
have the effect of restricting the amount of dividends that the Company may pay.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
The following Selected Consolidated Financial Data should be read in conjunction
with the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto,
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and other financial information included elsewhere in this Report or
incorporated herein by reference. The selected data presented below for, and as
of the end of, each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31,
2001, are derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company,
which Consolidated Financial Statements have been audited by Arthur Andersen
LLP, independent auditors, and which are included elsewhere in this Report and
are qualified by reference to such Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes
thereto. The data set forth below with respect to the Company's Consolidated
Income Statements and Balance Sheets for, and as of the end of, the years ended
December 31, 1997 and 1998 are derived from the Company's Consolidated Financial
Statements which have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors.
The historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results of
operations.
32
Selected Financial Information
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data)
December 31,
OPERATIONS 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenues $ 87,671 $ 77,096 $ 66,722 $ 60,691 $ 50,571
Net income 9,166 7,817 4,451 6,486 4,725
Research and development
as a percentage of revenues 5.4% 6.8% 6.6% 7.8% 7.8%
EARNINGS PER SHARE(1)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic $ 0.49 $ 0.42 $ 0.24 $ 0.36 $ 0.33
Diluted $ 0.47 $ 0.41 $ 0.24 $ 0.35 $ 0.32
YEAR-END FINANCIAL POSITION
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets $ 129,310 $ 112,009 $ 94,025 $ 98,390 $ 54,402
Working capital 66,668 69,063 59,597 62,310 19,478
Long Term Liabilities 10,071 12,192 6,177 8,577 17,846
Shareholder's equity 101,439 89,395 80,226 80,421 30,227
Current ratio 5:1 8:1 9:1 8:1 4:1
Shareholder's equity
per diluted common share(1)$ 5.16 $ 4.65 $ 4.27 $ 4.38 $ 2.03
(1) Reflects adjustment for 3-to-2 stock split effected December 27, 2000.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS.
OVERVIEW
The Company was organized in 1984 to address market opportunities in the area of
biological implantable products and materials and today is the leader in
preservation of human tissues for cardiovascular, vascular, and orthopaedic
transplant applications. Additionally, the Company develops and commercializes
implantable medical devices, including BioGlue(R) Surgical Adhesive,
tissue-engineered SynerGraft treated porcine heart valves and bovine vascular
grafts, and glutaraldehyde-fixed stentless porcine heart valves. The Company's
revenues are primarily generated in the United States. In 2001, 2000, and 1999,
approximately 7%, 7%, and 6%, respectively, of total revenues were derived from
international sources.
Prior to December 2001 the Company sold BioGlue Surgical Adhesive in the United
States as an adjunct in the repair of acute thoracic aortic dissections pursuant
to an HDE. In December 2001, the Company received FDA approval for BioGlue's use
as an adjunct to sutures and staples for use in adult patients in open surgical
repair of large vessels. As a result, the number of annual procedures in which
BioGlue could be potentially used increased from approximately 4,000 procedures
to in excess of 700,000 procedures. Due to this approval, the composition of the
Company's revenues is expected to change in future years with the anticipated
growth in shipments of BioGlue Surgical Adhesive.
In February 2001 the Company formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, AuraZyme
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., to foster the commercial development of the Company's
light-activated drug delivery systems that have potential application in cancer
treatment and fibrin olysis (blood clot dissolving) and other drug delivery
applications.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A summary of the Company's significant accounting policies is included in Note 1
to the consolidated financial statements. Management believes that the
consistent application of these policies enables the Company to provide the
users of the financial statements with useful and reliable information about the
Company's operating results and financial condition. The consolidated financial
statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States, which require the Company to make estimates and
assumptions. The following are accounting policies that management believes are
most important to the portrayal of the Company's financial condition and results
and may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity.
REVENUE RECOGNITION: The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with SEC Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements" ("SAB
101"), which provides guidance on applying generally accepted accounting
principles to revenue recognition issues. Revenues for human tissue preservation
services are recognized when services are completed and tissue is delivered to
the customer. Revenues for products are recognized at the time the product is
shipped, at which time title passes to the customer. There are no further
performance obligations and delivery occurs upon shipment. Revenues from
research grants are recognized in the period the associated costs are incurred.
The Company assesses collection based on a number of factors, including past
transaction history with the customer and the credit-worthiness of the customer.
DEFERRED PRESERVATION COSTS: Tissue is procured from deceased human donors by
organ procurement agencies and tissue banks which consign the tissue to the
Company for processing and preservation. Preservation costs related to tissue
held by the Company are deferred until revenue is recognized upon shipment of
the tissue to the implanting hospital. Deferred preservation costs consist
primarily of laboratory expenses, tissue procurement fees, fringe and facility
allocations, and freight-in charges, and are stated on a first-in, first-out
basis.
33
INTANGIBLE ASSETS: Goodwill resulting from business acquisitions is amortized on
a straight-line basis over 20 years. Patent costs are amortized over the
expected useful lives of the patents (primarily 17 years) using the
straight-line method. Other intangibles, which consist primarily of
manufacturing rights and agreements, are amortized over the expected useful
lives of the related assets (primarily five years). The Company periodically
evaluates the recoverability of noncurrent tangible and intangible assets and
measures the amount of impairment, if any. Beginning January 1, 2002 goodwill
will no longer be amortized but rather will be subject to periodic impairment
testing.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
On July 1, 2001 the Company was required to adopt Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 141, "Business Combinations" (SFAS 141"). On
January 1, 2002 the Company was required to adopt SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and
Other Intangible Assets" ("SFAS 142"), and SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets" ("SFAS 144"). SFAS 141 prohibits
pooling-of-interests accounting for acquisitions. SFAS 142 specifies that
goodwill and certain other intangible assets will no longer be amortized but
instead will be subject to periodic impairment testing. SFAS 144 clarifies
accounting and reporting for assets held for sale, scheduled for abandonment or
other disposal, and recognition of impairment loss related to the carrying value
of long-lived assets. The adoption of these statements did not have a material
effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
The Company will be required to adopt SFAS No. 143, "Accounting for Asset
Retirement Obligations" ("SFAS 143") on January 1, 2003. SFAS 143 addresses
accounting and reporting for asset retirement costs of long-lived assets
resulting from legal obligations associated with acquisition, construction, or
development transactions. The Company has determined that the adoption of SFAS
143 will not have a material effect on the results of operations or financial
position of the Company.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000
Revenues increased 14% to $87.7 million in 2001 from $77.1 million in 2000. The
increase in revenues was primarily due to increased sales of BioGlue Surgical
Adhesive and growth in the Company's human vascular and orthopaedic tissue
preservation services. The increases are primarily attributable to a greater
acceptance of these products by the surgical community and the Company's ability
to procure greater amounts of tissue. These increases in revenues have been
offset by decreases in other revenues. Year over year statistics presented for
tissues procured and processed for human tissue preservation services are from
the period beginning in November of the prior year through October of the
current year, as such procurement and processing of tissues received during this
time period is the primary generator of calendar year revenues. There is a risk
that tissue preservation services revenues in 2002 could be adversely affected
by concerns about post-transplant infections. See "Risk Factors - Infectious
Diseases and Microbial Contamination."
Revenues from the sale of BioGlue Surgical Adhesive increased 65% to $10.6
million for 2001 from $6.4 million in 2000, representing 12% and 8%,
respectively, of total revenues during such periods. The increase in revenues is
due to a 56% increase in the number of milliliter shipments of BioGlue. The
increase in shipments was primarily due to increased acceptance of BioGlue since
its introduction in domestic markets in January of 2000 pursuant to a HDE and
its introduction in international markets in April 1998. Additionally, BioGlue
shipments increased in 2001 as a result of subsequent domestic and international
regulatory approvals for use of BioGlue for certain indications. Domestic
revenues were 66% and 59% of total BioGlue revenues in 2001 and 2000,
respectively.
Revenues from cardiovascular preservation services decreased 4% to $28.6 million
in 2001 from $29.7 million in 2000, representing 33% and 39%, respectively, of
total revenues during such periods. This decrease in revenues resulted from a 4%
decrease in the number of cardiovascular allograft shipments as a result of a 4%
decrease in cardiovascular tissues procured and processed year over year.
Although cardiovascular tissues procured and processed decreased year over year,
cardiovascular tissues procured and processed improved during the course of 2001
resulting in a 5% increase in cardiovascular tissue processed during the fourth
quarter of 2001 as compared to fourth quarter of 2000.
34
Revenues from human vascular tissue preservation services increased 15% to $24.5
million in 2001 from $21.3 million in 2000, representing 28% of total revenues
during such periods. This increase in revenues was primarily due to a 17%
increase in the number of vascular allograft shipments resulting from an 11%
increase in vascular tissues procured and processed year over year and an
increase in demand for all vascular tissue types.
Revenues from human orthopaedic tissue preservation services increased 39% to
$22.5 million in 2001 from $16.1 million in 2000, representing 26% and 21%,
respectively, of total revenues during such periods. This increase in revenues
was primarily due to a 27% increase in the number of allograft shipments. The
increase in orthopaedic shipments, primarily osteochondral grafts and non-bone
tendons, was due to a 14% increase in orthopaedic allograft tissues procured and
processed year over year and an increasing acceptance of these tissues in the
orthopaedic surgeon community. Shipments of non-bone tendons and osteochondral
grafts increased 51% and 80%, respectively, in 2001 resulting in a $4.9 million
and $1.5 million increase, respectively, in revenues in 2001 as compared to
2000. Additional increases in revenues are due to a more favorable product mix,
with increased shipments of osteochondral grafts, which carry higher average
selling prices than other orthopaedic tissues. These increases are partially
offset by a decrease in boned tendon shipments resulting in a $900,000 decrease
in revenues in 2001 as compared to 2000.
Revenues from bioprosthetic cardiovascular devices decreased 31% to $535,000 in
2001 from $771,000 in 2000, representing 1% of total revenues during such
periods. This decrease in revenues is primarily due to the Company's on-going
focus on development and start-up of production of the Company's SynerGraft line
of bioprosthetic heart valves and vascular grafts which adversely impacted its
ability to manufacture other bioprosthetic cardiovascular devices during the
first half of 2001.
Revenues from single use medical devices manufactured by the Company's former
wholly-owned subsidiary Ideas for Medicine, Inc. ("IFM") decreased to zero in
2001 from $2.2 million in 2000. The decrease in revenues is due to the October
9, 2000 sale of substantially all of the remaining assets of IFM to Horizon
Medical Products, Inc. ("HMP"). See further discussion of the sale of the IFM
assets in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.
Grant revenues increased to $989,000 in 2001 from $616,000 in 2000. Grant
revenues in both years are primarily attributable to the SynerGraft research and
development programs.
Cost of human tissue preservation services aggregated $31.1 million in 2001
compared to $27.5 million in 2000, representing 41% of total human tissue
preservation service revenues during each periods. Cost of products aggregated
$5.5 million in 2001 compared to $5.8 million in 2000, representing 49% and 62%,
respectively, of total product revenues during such periods. The decrease in the
2001 cost of products as a percentage of total product revenues is due to a more
favorable product mix during 2001. The product mix was impacted by an increase
in revenues from BioGlue Surgical Adhesive, which carries higher gross margins
than bioprosthetic devices, and the termination of the IFM OEM contract with
HMP, which had significantly lower margins than BioGlue Surgical Adhesive.
General, administrative, and marketing expenses increased 18% to $33.8 million
in 2001, compared to $28.7 million in 2000, representing 39% and 37%,
respectively, of total revenues during such periods. The increase in
expenditures in 2001 was primarily due to an increase of $500,000 resulting from
a full year of operations of CryoLife Europa, Ltd., the Company's European
headquarters established in early 2000, an increase in marketing and general
expenses to support revenue growth, and $684,000 of non-recurring charges. The
non-recurring charges consist primarily of $375,000 associated with the
termination of certain international distributor agreements and $160,000 of
costs previously capitalized in connection with uncompleted licensing
transactions.
Research and development expenses decreased 9% to $4.7 million in 2001, compared
to $5.2 million in 2000, representing 5% and 7%, respectively, of total revenues
during such periods. Research and development spending in 2001 relates
principally to the Company's human clinical trials for its BioGlue Surgical
Adhesive and to its focus on its SynerGraft and Protein Hydrogel Technologies.
Total research and development expenses decreased in 2001 due to the wrap-up of
the BioGlue clinical trial and the lack of active enrollment expenses from this
trial in 2001 as compared to 2000.
35
Net, interest income and expense was $1.9 million and $1.7 million in 2001 and
2000, respectively. The 2001 increase in net interest income and expense is due
primarily to the interest expense capitalized in 2001 in connection with the
expansion of the corporate headquarters and manufacturing facility.
Other expense was $852,000 in 2001 as compared to other income of $169,000 in
2000. Other expense in 2001 primarily consists of a $1.6 million loss related to
an other than temporary decline in the market value of marketable securities
previously recorded in comprehensive income as a component of shareholder's
equity, partially offset by a non-recurring gain of $713,000 related to the
reversal of the previously established reserve against the note receivable from
the sale of the IFM assets and product line.
The effective income tax rate was 32% and 33% for the years ended December 31,
2001 and 2000, respectively.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
Revenues increased 16% to $77.1 million in 2000 from $66.7 million in 1999. The
increase in revenues was primarily due to increased acceptance in the medical
community of preserved tissues which has resulted in increased demand for the
Company's preservation services, the Company's ability to procure greater
amounts of tissue, revenues attributable to the Company's introduction of
BioGlue Surgical Adhesive in domestic markets in January of 2000, and other
reasons discussed below. These increases in revenues were partially offset by
decreases in other revenues.
Revenues from the sale of BioGlue Surgical Adhesive increased 287% to $6.4
million for 2000 from $1.7 million in 1999, representing 8% and 2%,
respectively, of total revenues during such periods. The increase in revenues is
due to a 177% increase in the number of milliliter shipments of BioGlue. The
increase in shipments was primarily due to the introduction of BioGlue in
domestic markets in January of 2000 pursuant to an HDE for the use of BioGlue as
an adjunct in the repair of acute thoracic aortic dissections, as well as
greater product awareness since the introduction of BioGlue in international
markets in April of 1998, increased surgeon training, and the receipt of the CE
approval for pulmonary indications in Europe in March 1999.
Revenues from cardiovascular preservation services increased 2% to $29.7 million
in 2000 from $29.0 million in 1999, representing 39% and 44%, respectively, of
total revenues during such periods. This increase in revenues resulted from a 5%
increase in the number of cardiovascular tissue shipments due to increased
demand.
Revenues from human vascular tissue preservation services increased 10% to $21.3
million in 2000 from $19.3 million in 1999, representing 28% and 29%,
respectively, of total revenues during such periods. This increase in revenues
was primarily due to an 11% increase in the number of vascular allograft
shipments due to an increased demand for saphenous vein, a 38% increase in
vascular tissues procured and processed year over year, and the growth in demand
for the Company's cryopreserved femoral vein and artery for dialysis access.
Revenues from human orthopaedic tissue preservation services increased 44% to
$16.1 million in 2000 from $11.2 million in 1999, representing 21% and 17%,
respectively, of total revenues during such periods. This increase in revenues
was primarily due to a 45% increase in the number of allograft shipments due to
increased acceptance of osteochondral grafts and non-bone tendons by the
orthopaedic surgeon community and a 12% increase in the orthopaedic tissues
procured and processed year over year.
Revenues from bioprosthetic cardiovascular devices decreased 19% to $771,000 in
2000 from $955,000 in 1999, representing 1% of total revenues during such
periods. This decrease in revenues is primarily due to the Company's focus on
the start-up of the SynerGraft heart valve manufacturing process, which
adversely impacted its ability to manufacture other bioprosthetic cardiovascular
devices.
Revenues from IFM decreased 41% to $2.2 million in 2000 from $3.7 million in
1999, representing 3% and 6%, respectively, of total revenues during such
periods. The decrease in revenues is due to HMP's default under its
manufacturing agreement and to the sale of the remaining assets of IFM to HMP as
more fully discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.
36
Grant revenues decreased to $616,000 in 2000 from $877,000 in 1999. Grant
revenues are primarily attributable to the SynerGraft and BioGlue research and
development programs.
Cost of human tissue preservation services aggregated $27.5 million in 2000
compared to $24.4 million in 1999, representing 41% of total human tissue
preservation service revenues in each period. Cost of products aggregated $5.8
million in 2000 and 1999, representing 62% and 91%, respectively, of total
product revenues. The decrease in the 2000 cost of products as a percentage of
product revenues primarily results from an increase in revenues from BioGlue
Surgical Adhesive, which carries higher gross margins than bioprosthetic
devices.
General, administrative, and marketing expenses increased 16% to $28.7 million
in 2000, compared to $24.7 million in 1999, representing 37% of total
preservation and product revenues for each period. The increase in expenditures
in 2000 resulted from expenses incurred to support the increase in revenues and
$1.4 million of expenses associated with the establishment of the Company's
European headquarters.
Research and development expenses increased 18% to $5.2 million in 2000,
compared to $4.4 million in 1999, representing 7% of total preservation and
product revenues for each period. Research and development spending relates
principally to the Company's ongoing human clinical trials for its BioGlue
Surgical Adhesive and to its focus on its SynerGraft technologies.
The Company recorded a nonrecurring charge of $2.4 million in 1999 primarily as
a result of HMP's default on its manufacturing contract with IFM. See Note 3 to
the consolidated financial statements for a more complete discussion of this
charge.
Net interest income and expense was $1.7 million and $1.2 million in 2000 and
1999, respectively. This increase in interest income was due primarily to the
increase in cash generated from operations during the year ended December 31,
2000.
The effective income tax rate was 33% and 32% for the years ended December 31,
2000 and 1999, respectively.
SEASONALITY
The demand for the Company's cardiovascular tissue preservation services is
seasonal, with peak demand generally occurring in the second and third quarters.
Management believes this trend for cardiovascular tissue preservation services
is primarily due to the high number of surgeries scheduled during the summer
months. However, the demand for the Company's human vascular and orthopaedic
tissue preservation services, BioGlue Surgical Adhesive, and bioprosthetic
cardiovascular and vascular devices does not appear to experience seasonal
trends.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At December 31, 2001 net working capital was $66.7 million, compared to $69.1
million at December 31, 2000, with a current ratio of 5 to 1. The Company's
primary capital requirements arise out of general working capital needs, capital
expenditures and lease payments for facilities and equipment, and funding of
research and development projects. The Company historically has funded these
requirements through bank credit facilities, cash generated by operations, and
equity offerings.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $6.5 million in 2001, as compared
to $10.3 million in 2000. This decrease in cash provided was primarily due to an
increase in working capital requirements due to sales growth and expansion of
product lines, largely offset by an increase in net income before depreciation,
taxes, and non-cash items.
Net cash used in investing activities was $18.1 million in 2001, as compared to
$6.3 million in 2000. This increase in cash used was primarily attributable to
an increase in capital expenditures due to the expansion of the Company's
corporate headquarters and manufacturing facilities, an increase in net
marketable securities primarily due to the reinvestment of the proceeds of debt
securities as they mature, partially offset in 2001 by an increase in proceeds
of the note receivable received in the sale of the IFM assets and product line.
37
The expansion of the Company's corporate headquarters and manufacturing
facilities was substantially completed in the first quarter of 2002. At December
31, 2001, the Company had spent approximately $16.3 million on the expansion and
had approximately $1.5 million remaining to be paid on the expansion contract.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.3 million in 2001, as compared
to $7.4 million in 2000. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease
in the proceeds from the issuance of debt under the Company's term loan in 2001,
an increase in the principle payments of debt and a decrease in proceeds from
stock option exercises, partially offset by the lack of treasury stock
repurchases in 2001 as compared to the prior year.
Contractual obligations and the related future payments are as follows (in
thousands):
Total 2002 2003 2004 Thereafter
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Debt $11,593 $5,993 $1,600 $1,600 $2,400
Capital Lease Obligations 4,480 843 843 843 1,951
Operating Leases 28,856 2,283 1,977 1,911 22,685
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Contractual Obligations $44,929 9,119 4,420 4,354 27,036
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On March 4, 2002 the $4.4 million convertible debenture due on March 5, 2002 was
converted into approximately 546,000 shares of common stock at $8.05 per common
share.
The Company's Term Loan contains certain restrictive covenants including, but
not limited to, maintenance of certain financial ratios and a minimum tangible
net worth requirement. As of December 31, 2001 the Company was in compliance
with these covenants.
The Company's Term Loan, which accrues interest computed at Adjusted LIBOR plus
1.5%, exposes the Company to changes in interest rates going forward. On March
16, 2000, the Company entered into a $4 million notional amount forward-starting
interest swap agreement, which took effect on June 1, 2001 and expires in 2006.
This swap agreement was designated as a cash flow hedge to effectively convert a
portion of the Term Loan balance to a fixed rate basis, thus reducing the impact
of interest rate changes on future income. This agreement involves the receipt
of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments over the
life of the agreement, without an exchange of the underlying principal amounts.
The differential to be paid or received is recognized in the period in which it
accrues as an adjustment to interest expense on the Term Loan.
On January 1, 2001 the Company adopted SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS 133") as amended. SFAS 133 requires
the Company to recognize all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair
value, and changes in the derivative's fair value must be recognized currently
in earnings or other comprehensive income, as applicable. The adoption of SFAS
133 impacts the accounting for the Company's forward-starting interest rate swap
agreement. Upon adoption of SFAS 133, the Company recorded an unrealized loss of
approximately $175,000 related to the interest rate swap, which was recorded as
part of long-term liabilities and accumulated other comprehensive income within
the Statement of Shareholders' Equity.
At December 31, 2001 the notional amount of this swap agreement was $3.6
million. The Company paid a weighted average rate of 6.9% on the Term Loan
during 2001, adjusted for the effect of the interest rate swap. The fair value
of the interest rate swap agreement, as estimated by the bank based on its
internal valuation models, was a liability of $293,000 at December 31, 2001. The
fair value of the swap agreement is recorded as part of long-term liabilities
and is recorded net of tax as part of accumulated other comprehensive income
within the Statement of Shareholders' Equity.
Since October 1998 management has been seeking to enter into a corporate
collaboration or to complete a potential private placement of equity or
equity-oriented securities to fund the commercial development of its Activation
Control Technology ("ACT"). This technology is now held by the Company's
wholly-owned subsidiary AuraZyme Pharmaceutical, Inc., which was formed on
February 26, 2001. This strategy, if successful, will allow an affiliated entity
to fund the ACT and should expedite the commercial development of its oncology,
fibrin olysis (blood clot dissolving), and surgical sealant product applications
without additional research and development expenditures by the Company (other
38
than through the affiliated company). This strategy, if successful, will
favorably impact the Company's liquidity going forward. However, if the Company
is unable to obtain funds for the commercial development of the ACT and/or if
the Company decides to fund the technology itself, the expenses required to fund
the ACT could adversely impact the Company's liquidity going forward.
The Company anticipates that current cash, marketable securities and cash
generated from operations will be sufficient to meet its operating and
development needs for at least the next 12 months. However, the Company's future
liquidity and capital requirements beyond that period will depend upon numerous
factors, including the timing of the Company's receipt of FDA approvals to begin
clinical trials for its products currently in development, the resources
required to further develop its marketing and sales capabilities if and when
those products gain approval, the resources required for any additional
expansion of its corporate headquarters and manufacturing facility, the extent
to which the Company's products generate market acceptance and demand, and the
outcome of the litigation described at Item 3 of this Form 10-K. There can be no
assurance the Company will not require additional financing or will not seek to
raise additional funds through bank facilities, debt or equity offerings, or
other sources of capital to meet future requirements. These additional funds may
not be available when needed or on terms acceptable to the Company, which could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition,
and results of operations.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Company's statements addressing events or developments which will or may
occur in the future, including those regarding the Company's competitive
position, successful development of its SynerGraft bioprosthetic devices,
funding to continue development of ACT, estimated dates relating to the
Company's proposed regulatory submissions, expectations regarding the adequacy
of financing product demand and market growth, and other statements regarding
future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar
expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts are forward-looking
statements. These statements are based on assumptions and analyses made by the
Company in light of historical trends, current conditions and expected future
developments as well as other factors it considers appropriate. However, whether
actual developments will conform with the Company's expectations and predictions
is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the risk factors
discussed in Item 1 to this Form 10-K and other factors, many of which are
beyond the control of the Company, and which could cause actual results to
differ materially from the Company's expectations. All of the forward-looking
statements made in this Form 10-K are qualified by these cautionary statements
and there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments
anticipated by the Company will be realized or that they will have the expected
results. The Company assumes no obligation to update publicly any such
forward-looking statements.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
The Company's interest income and expense are most sensitive to changes in the
general level of U.S. interest rates. In this regard, changes in U.S. interest
rates affect the interest earned on the Company's cash equivalents of $7.2
million and short-term investments in municipal obligations of $17.8 million as
of December 31, 2001, as well as interest paid on its debt. A 10% adverse change
in interest rates affecting the Company's cash equivalents and short-term
investments would not have a material impact on the Company's interest income
for 2001.
The Company manages interest rate risk through the use of fixed debt and an
interest rate swap agreement. At December 31, 2001 approximately $8 million of
the Company's $12 million in debt charged interest at a fixed rate. This fixed
rate debt includes a portion of the Company's outstanding term loan balance that
has been effectively converted to fixed rate debt through an interest rate swap
agreement. A 10% increase in interest rates affecting the Company's variable
rate debt, net of the effect of the interest rate swap agreement, would not have
a material increase in the Company's interest expense for 2001.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
Our financial statements and supplementary data required by this item are
submitted as a separate section of this annual report on Form 10-K. See
"Financial Statements" commening on page F-1.
39
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.
40
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT.
The response to Item 10, applicable to the Directors of the Company, is
incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth under the caption
"Election of Directors" in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of
Shareholders to be filed with the Commission not later than April 30, 2002.
Information concerning executive officers is included in Part I, Item 4A of this
Form 10-K.
The response to Item 10, applicable to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, is incorporated herein by reference to the information
set forth under the caption "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting
Compliance" in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be
filed with the Commission not later than April 30, 2002.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
The response to Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the information
set forth under the caption "Executive Compensation" in the Proxy Statement for
the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Commission not later
than April 30, 2002.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.
The response to Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the information
set forth under the captions "Ownership of Principal Shareholders and Certain
Executive Officers" and "Election of Directors" in the Proxy Statement for the
Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Commission not later than
April 30, 2002.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.
The response to Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the information
set forth under the caption "Executive Compensation" in the Proxy Statement for
the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Commission not later
than April 30, 2002.
41
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K.
The following are filed as part of this report:
(a) 1. Financial Statements
Report of Independent Public Accountants
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2001 and 2000
Consolidated Income Statements as of December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of December 31, 2001, 2000 and
1999
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2000, 1999 and 1998
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
2. Financial Statement Schedule
Report of Independent Public Accountants on Schedule II
Schedule II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other financial statement schedules not listed above are omitted, as the
required information is not applicable or the information is presented in the
consolidated financial statements or related notes.
3. A. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference:
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
2.1 Asset Purchase Agreement among the Company and United Cryopreservation
Foundation, Inc., United Transplant Foundation, Inc. and QV, Inc.
dated September 11, 1996. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to
the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1996.)
2.2 Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of March 5, 1997 among Ideas for
Medicine, Inc., J. Crayton Pruitt, Sr., M.D., Thomas Benham, Thomas
Alexandris, Tom Judge, Natalie Judge, Helen Wallace,J. Crayton Pruitt,
Jr., M.D., and Johanna Pruitt, and CryoLife, Inc. and CryoLife
Acquisition Corporation. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to
the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 19, 1997.)
2.3 Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Horizon Medical Products, Inc.
and Ideas for Medicine, Inc. dated September 30, 1998. (Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 2 to Horizon Medical Products, Inc.'s Current
Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on October 14, 1998.)
2.4+ Asset Purchase Agreement, dated October 9, 2000, by and between
Horizon and IFM. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2000.)
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.)
3.2 ByLaws of the Company, as amended. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended December 31, 1995.)
3.3 Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of the Company.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000).
42
4.1 Form of Certificate for the Company's Common Stock. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).
4.2 Form of Certificate for the Company's Common Stock. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997.)
10.1 Lease, by and between New Market Partners III, Laing Properties, Inc.,
General Partner, as Landlord, and the Company, as Tenant, dated
February 13, 1986, as amended by that Amendment to Lease, by and
between the parties, dated April 7, 1986, as amended by that Amendment
to Lease, by and between the parties, dated May 15, 1987, as amended
by that Second Amendment to Lease, by and between the parties, dated
June 22, 1988, as amended by that Third Amendment to Lease, by and
between the parties, dated April 4, 1989, as amended by that Fourth
Amendment to Lease, by and between the parties, dated April 4, 1989 as
amended by that Fifth Amendment to Lease, by and between the parties,
dated October 15, 1990. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to
the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
10.1(a) Seventh Amendment to Lease dated February 13, 1986, by and between New
Market Partners III, Laing Properties, Inc., General Partner, as
Landlord, and the Company as tenant, dated May 15, 1996. (Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.1(a) to the Registrant's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996.)
10.2 Lease by and between Newmarket Partners I, Laing Properties, Inc. and
Laing Management Company, General Partner, as Landlord, and the
Company as Tenant, dated July 23, 1993. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended December 31, 1993.)
10.3 1993 Employee Stock Incentive Plan adopted on July 6, 1993.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1993.)
10.4 1989 Incentive Stock Option Plan for the Company, adopted on March 23,
1989. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
10.5 Incentive Stock Option Plan, dated as of April 5, 1984. (Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
10.6 Form of Stock Option Agreement and Grant under the Incentive Stock
Option and Employee Stock Incentive Plans. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(No. 33-56388).)
10.7 CryoLife, Inc. Profit Sharing 401(k) Plan, as adopted on December 17,
1991. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
10.8 Form of Supplemental Retirement Plan, by and between the Company and
its Officers -- Parties to Supplemental Retirement Plans: Steven G.
Anderson, David M. Fronk, Sidney B. Ashmore, James C. Vander Wyk,
Albert E. Heacox, Kirby S. Black, and David Ashley Lee. (Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
43
10.9(a) Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Steven G.
Anderson. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(a) to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1998.)
10.9(b) Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Albert E. Heacox.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7(c) to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
10.9(c) Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and D. Ashley Lee,
dated December 12, 1994. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(c)
to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2000.)
10.9(d) Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and James C. Vander
Wyk, Ph.D. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(f) to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1995.)
10.9(e) Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Kirby S. Black,
Ph.D. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(g) to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1996.)
10.9(f) Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and David M. Fronk.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(g) to the Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
1998.)
10.9(g) Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Sidney B.
Ashmore. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
31, 2001.)
10.10 Form of Secrecy and Noncompete Agreement, by and between the Company
and its Officers. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
10.11 Terms of Agreement Between Bruce J. Van Dyne, M.D. and CryoLife, Inc.
dated November 1, 1999. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to
the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1999.)
10.12 Technology Acquisition Agreement between the Company and Nicholas
Kowanko, Ph.D., dated March 14, 1996. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended December 31, 1995.)
10.13 Option Agreement, by and between the Company and Duke University,
dated July 9, 1990, as amended by that Option Agreement Extension, by
and between the parties, dated July 9, 1991. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
10.14 Research and License Agreement by and between Medical University of
South Carolina and CryoLife dated November 15, 1985, as amended by
Amendment to the Research and License Agreement dated February 25,
1986 by and between the parties and an Addendum to Research and
License Agreement by and between the parties, dated March 4, 1986.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
10.15 CryoLife, Inc. Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan, as amended.
(Incorporated by reference to Appendix 2 to the Registrant's
Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on April 17, 1998.)
44
10.16 Lease Agreement between the Company and Amli Land Development--I
Limited Partnership, dated April 18, 1995. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.26 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995.)
10.16(a) First Amendment to Lease Agreement, dated April 18, 1995, between the
Company and Amli Land Development--I Limited Partnership dated August
6, 1999. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16(a) to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1999.)
10.16(b) Restatement and Amendment to Funding Agreement between the Company and
Amli Land Development- I Limited Partnership, dated August 6, 1999.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16(b) to the Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2000.)
10.18 CryoLife, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit "A" of the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 10, 1996.)
10.19 Noncompetition Agreement between the Company and United
Cryopreservation Foundation, Inc. dated September 11,1996.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
1996.)
10.20 Noncompetition Agreement between the Company and QV, Inc. dated
September 11, 1996. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1996.)
10.21 Revolving Term Loan Facility between the Company and NationsBank N.A.,
dated August 30, 1996. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to
the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1996.)
10.22 Technology License Agreement between the Company and Colorado State
University Research Foundation dated March 28, 1996. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1996.)
10.23 Noncompetition Agreement between the Company and United Transplant
Foundation, Inc. dated September 11, 1996. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 1996.)
10.24(a) First Amendment of Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement between
CryoLife, Inc., as Borrower and NationsBank, N.A. (South), as Lender,
dated April 14, 1997. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to
the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 1997.)
10.24(b) Second Modification of Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated
December 16, 1997 by and between the Registrant and NationsBank, N.A.
. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997.)
10.24(c) Fourth Modification of Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated
December 16, 1997 by and between the Company and Bank of America, N.A.
and First Modification of Revolving Note dated December 31, 1999.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999)
10.25 Reserved.
10.26 CryoLife, Inc. 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by
reference to Appendix 2 to the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 17, 1998.)
45
10.27 Consulting Agreement dated March 5, 1997 between CryoLife Acquisition
Corporation and J. Crayton Pruitt, Sr., M.D. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1997.)
10.28 Subordinated Convertible Debenture dated March 5, 1997 between the
Company and J. Crayton Pruitt, Sr., M.D. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended March 31, 1997.)
10.29 Lease Agreement dated March 5, 1997 between the Company and J. Crayton
Pruitt, Sr., M.D. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
31, 1997.)
10.30 Lease Guaranty dated March 5, 1997 between J. Crayton Pruitt Family
Trust U/T/A and CryoLife, Inc., as Guarantor for CryoLife Acquisition
Corporation. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
31, 1997.)
10.31 Form of Non-Competition Agreement dated March 5, 1997 between the
Company and J. Crayton Pruitt, Sr., M.D., Thomas Benham, Thomas
Alexandris, Tom Judge, Natalie Judge, Helen Wallace, J. Crayton
Pruitt, Jr., M.D., and Johanna Pruitt. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended March 31, 1997.)
10.32 Standard Form of Agreements Between Owner and Design/Builder by and
between the Company and Choate Design and Build Company dated January
19, 2000. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1999)
10.33 Construction Loan and Permanent Financing Agreement with Bank of
America dated April 25, 2000. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended June 30, 2000.)
10.34 Sublease Agreement between Horizon and IFM, dated October 9, 2000.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000.)
10.35 Terms of Agreement between Ronald C. Elkins, MD and CryoLife, Inc.,
dated November 7, 2000. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to
the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2000.)
10.36 Rights Agreement between the Company and Chemical Mellon Shareholder
Services, L.L.C., as Rights Agent, dated as of November 27, 1995.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000.)
10.37 International Distribution Agreement, dated September 17, 1998,
between the Company and Century Medical, Inc. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.37 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000.)
10.38+ Assignment and Assumption Agreement, dated March 30, 2001, by and
among Horizon, Vascutech and IFM. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended March 31, 2001.)
10.39 Assignment of Sublease, dated March 30, 2001, by and among Horizon,
Vascutech, and IFM. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
31, 2001.)
10.40 Security Agreement, dated March 30, 2001, by Vascutech in favor of
IFM. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2001.)
46
21.1* Subsidiaries of CryoLife, Inc.
23.1* Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP.
99.1* Letter re: Arthur Andersen.
* Filed herewith.
+ In accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K, the schedules and certain
exhibits have been omitted and a list of the schedules and exhibits is at the
end of the Exhibit. The Registrant will furnish supplementally a copy of any
omitted schedule or exhibit to the Commission upon request.
47
3.B. Executive Compensation Plans and Arrangements.
1. 1993 Employee Stock Incentive Plan adopted on July 6, 1993. (Exhibit 10.2
to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1994.)
2. 1989 Incentive Stock Option Plan for the Company, adopted on March 23, 1989
(Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No.
33-56388).)
3. Incentive Stock Option Plan, dated as of April 5, 1984 (Exhibit 10.3 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
4. Form of Stock Option Agreement and Grant under the Incentive Stock Option
and Employee Stock Incentive Plans (Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
5. CryoLife, Inc. Profit Sharing 401(k) Plan, as adopted on December 17, 1991
(Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No.
33-56388).)
6. Form of Supplemental Retirement Plan, by and between the Company and its
Officers-- Parties to Supplemental Retirement Plans: Steven G. Anderson,
David M. Fronk, Sidney B. Ashmore, James C. Vander Wyk, Albert E. Heacox,
Kirby S. Black and David Ashley Lee. (Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
7. Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Steven G. Anderson.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(a) to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998.)
8. Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and David M. Fronk.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(g) to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998.)
9. Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Albert E. Heacox.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7(c) to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-56388).)
10. Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Gerald B. Seery.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(e) to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995.)
11. Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and James C. Vander Wyk,
Ph.D. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(f) to the Registrant's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995.)
12. Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and D. Ashley Lee.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(c) to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000.)
13. Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Sidney B. Ashmore.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2001.)
14. CryoLife, Inc. Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan, as amended.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.)
15. CryoLife, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit "A" of the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on April 10, 1996.)
16. Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Kirby S. Black
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9(g) to the Registrant's Annual
Report on Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996.)
17. CryoLife, Inc. 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.34 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1999.)
48
18. Terms of Agreement Between Bruce J. Van Dyne, M.D. and CryoLife, Inc.,
dated November 1, 1999. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December
31, 1999.)
19. Terms of Agreement between Ronald C. Elkins, MD and CryoLife, Inc., dated
November 7, 2000. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December
31, 2000.)
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
1. NONE.
49
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
CRYOLIFE, INC.
March 29, 2002
By /S/ STEVEN G. ANDERSON
------------------------
Steven G. Anderson,
President, Chief Executive
Officer and Chairman of
the Board of Directors
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report
has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
/s/ STEVEN G. ANDERSON President, Chief Executive Officer March 29, 2002
-----------------------
STEVEN G. ANDERSON and Chairman of the Board of
Directors (Principal Executive
Officer)
/s/ D. ASHLEY LEE Vice President and Chief Financial March 29, 2002
------------------
D. ASHLEY LEE Officer (Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
/s/ RONALD D. MCCALL Director March 29, 2002
---------------------
RONALD D. MCCALL
/s/ VIRGINIA C. LACY Director March 29, 2002
---------------------
VIRGINIA C. LACY
/s/ RONALD CHARLES ELKINS, M.D. Director March 29, 2002
- -------------------------------
RONALD CHARLES ELKINS, M.D.
/s/ JOHN M. COOK Director March 29, 2002
----------------
JOHN M. COOK
50
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To CryoLife, Inc.
We have audited, in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the
United States, the consolidated financial statements included in CryoLife,
Inc.'s 2001 annual report to stockholders and this Form 10-K and have issued our
report thereon dated March 27, 2002. Our audits were made for the purpose of
forming an opinion on those financial statements taken as a whole. The schedule
listed in Item 14 of this Form 10-K is the responsibility of the Company's
management, is presented for purposes of complying with the Securities and
Exchange Commission's rules, and is not part of the basic financial statements.
This schedule has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audit
of the basic financial statements and, in our opinion, fairly states in all
material respects the financial data required to be set forth therein in
relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole.
/s/ Arthur Andersen LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
March 27, 2002
S-1
SCHEDULE II
CRYOLIFE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001, 2000, AND 1999
BALANCE BALANCE END
BEGINNING OF
DESCRIPTION OF PERIOD ADDITIONS DEDUCTIONS PERIOD
----------- --------- --------- ---------- ------
Year ended December 31, 2001
Allowance for doubtful accounts........... $ 85,000 $338,000 $323,000 $100,000
Deferred preservation costs............... 229,000 280,000 209,000 300,000
Year ended December 31, 2000
Allowance for doubtful accounts........... $ 528,000 $ 21,000 $464,000 $ 85,000
Deferred preservation costs............... 151,000 230,000 152,000 229,000
Year ended December 31, 1999
Allowance for doubtful accounts........... $ 256,000 $521,000 $249,000 $528,000
Deferred preservation costs............... 53,000 235,000 137,000 151,000
S-2
1452699
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To CryoLife, Inc.
We have audited, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CYROLIFE, INC.
(a Florida corporation) AND SUBSIDIARIES as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 and
the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders' equity, and cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of CryoLife, Inc. and subsidiaries
as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 and the results of their operations and their
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001 in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
s/ Arthur Andersen LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
March 27, 2002
F-1
CryoLife, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except per share data)
ASSETS
December 31, 2001 2000
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current assets:
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents $ 7,204 $ 17,480
Marketable securities, at market 26,483 21,234
Receivables:
Trade accounts, less allowance for doubtful accounts of
$100 in 2001 and $85 in 2000 13,305 11,454
Note receivable, less allowance of $250 in 2001 and $723
in 2000 1,169 1,833
Income taxes 1,557 574
Other 1,263 711
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total receivables 17,294 14,572
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred preservation costs, less reserve of $300 in 2001 and $229
in 2000 24,199 20,311
Inventories 6,259 3,994
Prepaid expenses 2,341 1,220
Deferred income taxes 688 674
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current assets 84,468 79,485
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Property and equipment:
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Land 1,009 --
Equipment 18,998 15,296
Furniture and fixtures 5,347 4,348
Leasehold improvements 24,990 14,149
Construction in progress 7,767 8,219
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
58,111 42,012
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 18,865 15,601
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net property and equipment 39,246 26,411
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other assets:
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note receivable, less allowance of $241 in 2000 -- 643
Goodwill, less accumulated amortization
of $501 in 2001 and $405 in 2000 1,399 1,495
Patents, less accumulated amortization
of $1,102 in 2001 and $850 in 2000 2,919 2,540
Other, less accumulated amortization
of $135 in 2001 and $91 in 2000 1,278 1,264
Deferred income taxes -- 171
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets $ 129,310 $ 112,009
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-2
CryoLife, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except per share data)
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
December 31, 2001 2000
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current liabilities:
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accounts payable $ 555 $ 2,354
Accrued expenses 1,491 767
Accrued compensation 2,560 2,097
Accrued procurement fees 6,592 4,097
Current maturities of capital lease obligation 609 173
Current maturities of long-term debt 1,600 934
Convertible debenture 4,393 --
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current liabilities 17,800 10,422
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capital lease obligations, less current maturities 3,140 1,361
Convertible debenture -- 4,393
Bank line of credit, less current maturities 5,600 6,151
Deferred income taxes 449 --
Other long-term liabilities 882 287
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities 27,871 22,614
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock $.01 par value per share;
authorized 5,000 shares including 2,000
shares of series A junior participating preferred stock;
no shares issued -- --
Common stock $.01 par value per share;
authorized 75,000 shares; issued 20,172 in 2001 and
20,077 shares in 2000 202 201
Additional paid-in capital 66,828 64,936
Retained earnings 40,547 31,381
Deferred compensation (33) (45)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax (145) (1,088)
Treasury stock; 1,286 shares in 2001 and 1,356
shares in 2000, at cost (5,960) (5,990)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total shareholders' equity 101,439 89,395
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 129,310 $ 112,009
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
CryoLife, Inc.
Consolidated Income Statements
(in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended
December 31, 2001 2000 1999
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenues:
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human tissue preservation services $ 75,552 $ 67,096 $ 59,516
Products 11,130 9,384 6,329
Research grants 989 616 877
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
87,671 77,096 66,722
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Costs and Expenses:
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human tissue preservation services 31,165 27,500 24,416
Products 5,464 5,847 5,754
General, administrative, and marketing 33,844 28,731 24,693
Research and development 4,737 5,207 4,396
Nonrecurring charges -- -- 2,355
Interest expense 96 299 387
Interest income (1,967) (1,952) (1,556)
Other expense (income), net 852 (169) (224)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
74,191 65,463 60,221
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income before income taxes 13,480 11,633 6,501
Income tax expense 4,314 3,816 2,050
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income $ 9,166 $ 7,817 $ 4,451
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Earnings per share:
Basic $ 0.49 $ 0.42 $ 0.24
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diluted $ 0.47 $ 0.41 $ 0.24
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 18,808 18,541 18,512
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diluted 19,660 19,229 18,800
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
CryoLife, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2001 2000 1999
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from operating activities:
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income $ 9,166 $ 7,817 $ 4,451
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
flows provided by operating activities:
Deferred income recognized -- -- (1,176)
Gain on sale of marketable equity securities (9) -- (112)
Depreciation of property and equipment 4,203 3,023 2,854
Amortization 404 199 300
Provision for doubtful accounts 304 21 121
Other non-cash adjustments to income 348 -- --
Deferred income taxes 624 1,658 (970)
Nonrecurring charges -- -- 2,355
Tax effect of non-qualified option exercises 421 595 --
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade and other receivables (2,707) 469 (1,707)
Income taxes (983) (543) 40
Deferred preservation costs (3,888) (2,659) (3,413)
Inventories (2,265) (1,433) (2,882)
Prepaid expenses and other assets (1,121) 234 822
Accounts payable (1,814) 535 (686)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 3,796 367 1,321
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows provided by operating activities 6,479 10,283 1,318
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from investing activities:
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capital expenditures (14,329) (9,491) (3,853)
Other assets (689) 39 (783)
Purchases of marketable securities (29,336) (5,729) (5,123)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities 24,235 8,542 6,149
Proceeds from notes receivable 2,020 360 --
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows used in investing activities (18,099) (6,279) (3,610)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows from financing activities:
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Principal payments of debt (1,050) (287) (514)
Proceeds from debt issuance 1,165 6,835 --
Principal payments on obligations under capital leases (291) (180) (224)
Proceeds from exercise of options and issuance of stock 1,502 1,660 571
Purchase of treasury stock -- (612) (4,296)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities 1,326 7,416 (4,463)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Decrease) Increase in cash (10,294) 11,420 (6,755)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 18 (68) (2)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 17,480 6,128 12,885
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 7,204 $ 17,480 $ 6,128
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information - cash paid during the year for:
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest $ 896 $ 471 $ 369
Income taxes 4,996 2,215 3,816
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Establishing capital lease obligation $ 2,506 $ -- $ --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purchase of property and equipment
in accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 203 $ 844 $ 6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
CryoLife, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
(in thousands)
Accumulated
Common Shares Additional Other Total
Outstanding Paid-In Retained Deferred Comprehensive Treasury Stock Shareholders'
Shares Amount Capital Earnings Compensation Income Shares Amount Equity
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 1998 20,041 $200 $64,281 $19,113 $-- $139 (1,268) $(3,312) $80,421
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income -- -- -- 4,451 -- -- -- -- 4,451
Other comprehensive income,
net of taxes -- -- -- -- -- (924) -- -- (924)
-------------
Comprehensive income 3,527
Exercise of options -- -- (126) -- -- -- 74 305 179
Employee stock purchase plan -- -- 144 -- -- -- 60 248 392
Issuance of stock options
to a nonemployee -- -- 60 -- (60) -- -- -- --
Amortization of deferred
compensation -- -- -- -- 3 -- -- -- 3
Purchase of treasury stock -- -- -- -- -- -- (567) (4,296) (4,296)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 1999 20,041 200 64,359 23,564 (57) (785) (1,701) (7,055) 80,226
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income -- -- -- 7,817 -- -- -- -- 7,817
Other comprehensive income,
net of taxes -- -- -- -- -- (303) -- -- (303)
-------------
Comprehensive income 7,514
Exercise of options 36 1 338 -- -- -- 356 1,389 1,728
Employee stock purchase plan -- -- 239 -- -- -- 67 288 527
Amortization of deferred
compensation -- -- -- -- 12 -- -- -- 12
Purchase of treasury stock -- -- -- -- -- -- (78) (612) (612)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2000 20,077 201 64,936 31,381 (45) (1,088) (1,356) (5,990) 89,395
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income -- -- -- 9,166 -- -- -- -- 9,166
Other comprehensive income,
net of taxes -- -- -- -- -- 943 -- -- 943
-------------
Comprehensive income 10,109
Exercise of options 87 1 1,268 -- -- -- 46 (78) 1,191
Employee stock purchase plan 8 -- 624 -- -- -- 24 108 732
Amortization of deferred
compensation -- -- -- -- 12 -- -- -- 12
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2001 20,172 $202 $66,828 $40,547 $(33) $(145) (1,286) $(5,960) $101,439
================================================================================================================================
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
CRYOLIFE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
NATURE OF BUSINESS
Founded in 1984, CryoLife, Inc. (the "Company") is the leader in the development
and commercialization of implantable living human tissues for use in
cardiovascular, vascular and orthopaedic surgeries throughout the United States
and Canada. The Company's human tissue cryopreservation services are marketed in
North America, Europe, South America, and Asia. The Company's BioGlue(R)
Surgical Adhesive is FDA approved in the United States as an adjunct to sutures
and staples for use in adult patients in open surgical repair of large vessels,
is CE marked in the European Community and is approved in Canada, Australia and
certain countries within the Middle East, South America, Asia, and South Africa
for use in cardiovascular, vascular, pulmonary, and general surgical repair. The
Company's bioprosthetic implantable devices include stentless porcine heart
valves marketed in Europe, South America, the Middle East, Canada, and South
Africa, as well as tissue-engineered SynerGraft(R) porcine heart valves and
SynerGraft bovine vascular grafts, which are CE marked in the European
Community. Until October 9, 2000 the Company served as an original equipment
manufacturer for single-use medical devices for use in vascular surgical
procedures.
In February 2001 the Company formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, AuraZyme
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., to foster the commercial development of the Company's
light-activated drug delivery systems that have potential application in cancer
treatment and fibrin olysis (blood clot dissolving) and other drug delivery
applications.
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and
its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances are
eliminated.
RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the 2001
presentation.
USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at
the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those
estimates. Estimates are used when accounting for depreciation, allowance for
doubtful accounts, and income taxes.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin
No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements" ("SAB 101"), which
provides guidance on applying generally accepted accounting principles to
revenue recognition issues. Revenues for human tissue preservation services are
recognized when services are completed and tissue is delivered to the customer.
Revenues for products are recognized at the time the product is shipped, at
F-7
which time title passes to the customer. There are no further performance
obligations and delivery occurs upon shipment. Revenues from research grants are
recognized in the period the associated costs are incurred. The Company assesses
collection based on a number of factors, including past transaction history with
the customer and the credit-worthiness of the customer.
SHIPPING AND HANDLING CHARGES
Fees charged to customers for shipping and handling of preserved tissues and
products are included in human tissue preservation service revenues and product
revenues, respectively. The costs for shipping and handling of preserved human
tissues and products are included as a component of cost of human tissue
preservation services and cost of products, respectively.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments with
insignificant interest rate risk and maturity dates of 90 days or less at the
time of acquisition. The carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair
value.
MARKETABLE SECURITIES
The Company maintains cash equivalents and investments in several large,
well-capitalized financial institutions, and the Company's policy disallows
investment in any securities rated less than "investment-grade" by national
rating services.
Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the
time of purchase and reevaluates such designations as of each balance sheet
date. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has
the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity.
Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost. Debt securities not
classified as held-to-maturity or trading and marketable equity securities not
classified as trading are classified as available-for-sale. At December 31, 2001
and 2000, all marketable equity securities and debt securities were designated
as available-for-sale.
Available-for-sale securities are stated at their fair values, with the
unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in a separate component of
shareholders' equity. Interest income, dividends, realized gains and losses, and
declines in value judged to be other than temporary are included in investment
income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification
method.
DEFERRED PRESERVATION COSTS
Tissue is procured from deceased human donors by organ procurement agencies and
tissue banks, which consign the tissue to the Company for processing and
preservation. Preservation costs related to tissue held by the Company are
deferred until revenue is recognized upon shipment of the tissue to the
implanting hospital. Deferred preservation costs consist primarily of laboratory
expenses, tissue procurement fees, fringe and facility allocations, and
freight-in charges, and are stated, net of reserve, on a first-in, first-out
basis.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are comprised of implantable surgical adhesives and bioprosthetic
products and are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided over the
estimated useful lives of the assets, generally five to ten years, on a
straight-line basis. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line
F-8
basis over the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever
is shorter. Interest is capitalized in connection with the expansion of the
corporate headquarters and manufacturing facility.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill resulting from business acquisitions is amortized on a straight-line
basis over 20 years. Patent costs are amortized over the expected useful lives
of the patents (primarily 17 years) using the straight-line method. Other
intangibles, which consist primarily of manufacturing rights and agreements, are
amortized over the expected useful lives of the related assets (primarily five
years). The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of noncurrent
tangible and intangible assets and measures the amount of impairment, if any.
Beginning January 1, 2002 goodwill will no longer be amortized but rather will
be subject to periodic impairment testing.
LONG-LIVED ASSETS
The Company records impairment losses on long-lived assets in operations when
events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired and the
undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than
the carrying amount of those assets.
ACCRUED PROCUREMENT FEES
Tissue is procured from deceased human donors by organ procurement agencies and
tissue banks ("Agencies"), which consign the tissue to the Company for
processing and preservation. The Company reimburses the Agencies for their costs
to recover the tissue and passes on these costs to the customer when the tissue
is shipped and the service is complete. The Company accrues the procurement fees
due to the Agencies at the time the tissue is received based on contractual
agreements between the Company and the Agencies.
INCOME TAXES
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using
enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in
which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of
common shares outstanding plus the effect of outstanding stock options, computed
using the treasury stock method.
STOCK SPLIT
On November 27, 2000 the Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock
split, effected in the form of a stock dividend, payable on December 27, 2000,
to shareholders of record on December 8, 2000. All share and per share
information in the accompanying consolidated financial statements has been
adjusted to reflect this split.
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 130, "Reporting
Comprehensive Income" ("SFAS 130"), establishes standards for the reporting and
display of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of comparative
general-purpose financial statements. The statement became effective for the
Company in 1998. Comprehensive income is defined in SFAS 130 as net income plus
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other comprehensive income, which, under existing accounting standards, includes
foreign currency items, minimum pension liability adjustments and unrealized
gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities.
TRANSLATION OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES
Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate as of the balance
sheet date. All revenue and expense accounts are translated at a
weighted-average of exchange rates in effect during the year. Translation
adjustments are recorded as a separate component of equity.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
On July 1, 2001 the Company was required to adopt SFAS No. 141, "Business
Combinations" (SFAS 141"). On January 1, 2002 the Company was required to adopt
SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("SFAS 142"), and SFAS No.
144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets" ("SFAS
144"). SFAS 141 prohibits pooling-of-interests accounting for acquisitions. SFAS
142 specifies that goodwill and certain other intangible assets will no longer
be amortized but instead will be subject to periodic impairment testing. SFAS
144 clarifies accounting and reporting for assets held for sale, scheduled for
abandonment or other disposal, and recognition of impairment loss related to the
carrying value of long-lived assets. The adoption of these statements did not
have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
However, the adoption of SFAS 142 will increase the Company's pretax income by
approximately $100,000 in 2002 due to the cessation of goodwill amortization.
The Company will be required to adopt SFAS No. 143, "Accounting for Asset
Retirement Obligations" ("SFAS 143") on January 1, 2003. SFAS 143 addresses
accounting and reporting for asset retirement costs of long-lived assets
resulting from legal obligations associated with acquisition, construction, or
development transactions. The Company has determined that the adoption of SFAS
143 will not have a material effect on the results of operations or financial
position of the Company.
2. CASH EQUIVALENTS AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES
The following is a summary of cash equivalents and marketable securities, all of
which are classified as available-for-sale (in thousands):
Unrealized Estimated
Adjustments Adjusted Holding Market
December 31, 2001 Cost Basis to Cost Basis Cost Basis Gains/(Losses) Value
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds $ 1,301 $ -- $ 1,301 $ -- $ 1,301
Municipal obligations 500 -- 500 -- 500
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
$ 1,801 $ -- $ 1,801 $ -- $ 1,801
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
Marketable securities:
Municipal obligations $ 17,696 $ -- $ 17,696 $ 147 $ 17,843
Debt securities 6,227 (1,217) 5,010 -- 5,010
Equity securities 3,900 (343) 3,557 10 3,567
Certificates of deposit 63 -- 63 -- 63
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
$ 27,886 $ (1,560) $ 26,326 $ 157 $ 26,483
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
F-10
Unrealized Estimated
Adjustments Adjusted Holding Market
December 31, 2000 Cost Basis to Cost Basis Cost Basis Gains/(Losses) Value
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds $ 3,413 $ -- $ 3,413 $ -- $ 3,413
Municipal obligations 4,900 -- 4,900 -- 4,900
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
$ 8,313 -- $ 8,313 -- $ 8,313
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
Marketable securities:
Municipal obligations 12,887 -- 12,887 (2) 12,885
Debt securities 5,989 -- 5,989 (580) 5,409
Equity securities 3,900 -- 3,900 (960) 2,940
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------ -------------
$ 22,776 -- $ 22,776 $ (1,542) $ 21,234
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
The Adjustments to Cost Basis column includes a $1.6 million loss recorded in
2001 for an other than temporary decline in the market value of debt and equity
securities. Gross realized gains on sales of available-for-sale securities
totaled $9,000 and zero in 2001 and 2000, respectively. Differences between cost
and market listed above, consisting of a net unrealized holding gain less
deferred taxes of $50,000 at December 31, 2001 and a net unrealized holding loss
less a deferred tax benefit of $524,000 as of December 31, 2000, are included as
a separate component of shareholders' equity.
At December 31, 2001 and 2000, approximately $3.4 million and $5.9 million,
respectively, of marketable securities had a maturity date between 90 days and 1
year, and approximately $23.1 million and $15.3 million of marketable securities
mature between 1 and 5 years.
3. IDEAS FOR MEDICINE, INC.
On March 5, 1997 the Company acquired the stock of Ideas for Medicine, Inc.
("IFM"), a medical device company specializing in the manufacture and
distribution of single-use medical devices, for consideration of approximately
$4.5 million in cash and approximately $5.0 million in convertible debentures
plus related expenses. The acquisition was recorded under the consolidation
method of accounting. The cash portion of the purchase price was financed by
borrowings under the Company's revolving term loan agreement. Pursuant to the
purchase agreement, an additional consideration of $700,000 was paid in January
2000. In connection with this acquisition, the Company also entered into a
consulting agreement with the former majority shareholder of IFM requiring
monthly payments to such shareholder of approximately $17,000 until March 2002.
On September 30, 1998 the Company completed the sale of substantially all of the
IFM product line and certain related assets, consisting of inventory, equipment,
and intellectual property, to Horizon Medical Products, Inc. ("HMP") for $15
million in cash pursuant to an asset purchase agreement. Concurrently, IFM and
HMP signed a Manufacturing Agreement (the "Agreement") that provided for the
manufacture by IFM of specified minimum dollar amounts of IFM products to be
purchased exclusively by HMP over each of the four years following the sale.
Thereafter, responsibility for such manufacturing was to be assumed by HMP.
The Company recorded deferred income at the transaction date totaling $2.9
million, representing the selling price less the net book value of the assets
sold, which included $7.7 million of goodwill, net of accumulated amortization,
and the costs related to the sale. The income was deferred because the sale and
manufacturing agreements represented, in the aggregate, a single transaction for
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which the related income should be recognized over the term of the manufacturing
agreement. Accordingly, the deferred income was reflected in cost of goods sold
during 1999 to maintain margins that would have been approximately equal over
the four-year period of the Agreement on the products manufactured and sold by
IFM to HMP. During 1999 amortization of deferred income totaled $1.2 million.
On June 22, 1999 IFM notified HMP that it was in default of certain provisions
of the Agreement. Specifically, HMP was in violation of the payment provisions
contained within the Agreement, which called for inventory purchases to be paid
for within 45 days of delivery. Additionally, HMP was in violation due to
nonpayment of interest related to such past due accounts receivable.
After notification of the default, HMP indicated to the Company that it would
not be able to meet and did not meet the minimum purchase requirements outlined
in the Agreement. At December 31, 1999, the Company determined that it had
incurred an impairment loss on its IFM assets due to the significant
uncertainties related to the Company's ability to realize its investment in IFM.
In calculating the amount of the impairment loss, management used its best
estimate to determine the realizable value of its increase in working capital
due to the HMP default and the recoverability of IFM's long-lived assets,
consisting primarily of leasehold improvements and equipment. As a result,
management recorded a $2.1 million impairment loss on working capital and a $2.6
million impairment loss on leasehold improvements. Additionally, the Company
offset the above charges with $2.5 million of deferred income recorded in
connection with the sale of the IFM product line to HMP. The net pretax effect
of the above nonrecurring charges was $2.2 million and has been included under
the caption "Nonrecurring charges" in the accompanying Consolidated Income
Statements. At December 31, 1999, after recognition of the impairment loss, IFM
assets consisted of $800,000 of accounts receivable, $1.7 million of inventory,
$1.6 million of building, and $360,000 of equipment.
On October 9, 2000 the Company sold substantially all of the remaining assets of
IFM to HMP. The assets consisted primarily of inventory, equipment and leasehold
improvements, which had a net book value of $2.4 million at the date of sale.
The terms of the transaction required HMP to pay the Company the sum of
approximately $5.9 million, payable in equal monthly installments of principal
and interest of $140,000. The note consists of a portion, approximately $3.8
million, which bears interest at 9% per year, and a non-interest-bearing portion
of approximately $2.1 million. The note also required an additional $1 million
principal payment at any time prior to April 3, 2001. If the $1 million payment
was made when due, and no other defaults existed under the note, then $1 million
of the non-interest-bearing portion of the note would be forgiven. In addition,
at such time as the principal balance has been paid down to $1.1 million and
there have been no defaults under the promissory note, the remainder of the note
will be forgiven and the note will be canceled. The Company had recorded as
notes receivable only the balances owed on the interest-bearing portion of the
note. Due to uncertainties regarding HMP's ability to pay the full amount of the
note, the Company also recorded reserves against these notes such that the gain
from the sale is deferred until the full amount of the note is deemed
collectible. In addition, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with HMP
under which HMP assumed responsibility for the IFM manufacturing facility. Also,
substantially all of the employees of IFM have become employees of HMP.
On March 30, 2001, HMP sold the IFM assets to a wholly owned subsidiary of
LeMaitre Vascular, Inc. ("LeMaitre"), and the remaining portion of the Company's
note receivable from HMP and the sublease agreement was assumed by the LeMaitre
subsidiary and the payment schedule was restructured. On April 2, 2001 the
Company received a scheduled $1 million principal payment from LeMaitre and, as
a result, $1 million of the non-interest-bearing portion of the note was
forgiven in accordance with the terms of the assumed note. At December 31, 2001
$1.1 million remained to be forgiven if all payments are made according to the
terms of the note. At December 31, 2001 the Company reassessed the
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collectibility of the note receivable based on the payment record and general
creditworthiness of LeMaitre. As a result, the Company reduced the reserve on
the note receivable to $250,000 from $963,000, and recorded a non-recurring
pretax gain of $713,000 in the fourth quarter of 2001 that is included within
Other Income in the Consolidated Income Statements. The Company will continue to
evaluate the collectibility of the note and adjust the reserve accordingly.
4. INVENTORIES
Inventories at December 31 are comprised of the following (in thousands):
2001 2000
------------- -------------
Raw materials $ 1,987 $ 1,796
Work in process 1,183 405
Finished goods 3,089 1,793
------------- -------------
$ 6,259 $ 3,994
============= =============
5. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt at December 31 consists of the following (in thousands):
2001 2000
------------- -------------
5-year term loan, bearing interest equal to the Adjusted LIBOR
plus 1.5%, to be adjusted monthly $ 7,200 $ 6,835
7% convertible debenture, due in March 2002 4,393 4,393
8.25% note payable due in equal annual installments of $250,000 -- 250
------------- -------------
Total debt 11,593 11,478
Less current maturities 5,993 934
------------- -------------
Total long-term debt $ 5,600 $ 10,544
============= =============
On April 25, 2000 the Company entered into a loan agreement, permitting the
Company to borrow up to $8 million under a line of credit during the expansion
of the Company's corporate headquarters and manufacturing facilities. Borrowings
under the line of credit accrued interest equal to Adjusted LIBOR plus 2%
adjusted monthly. On June 1, 2001, the line of credit was converted to a term
loan (the "Term Loan") to be paid in 60 equal monthly installments of principal
plus interest computed at Adjusted LIBOR plus 1.5% (3.64% at December 31, 2001).
The Term Loan contains certain restrictive covenants including, but not limited
to, maintenance of certain financial ratios and a minimum tangible net worth
requirement. The Term Loan is secured by substantially all of the Company's
assets. As of December 31, 2001 the Company was in compliance with these
covenants.
In March 1997 the Company issued a $5.0 million convertible debenture in
connection with the IFM acquisition. The debenture bears interest at 7% and is
due in March 2002. The debenture is convertible into common stock of the Company
at any time prior to the due date at $8.05 per common share. In conjunction with
the Company's follow-on equity offering in April of 1998, $607,000 of the
convertible debenture was converted into 75,000 shares of the Company's common
stock on March 30, 1998.
On September 12, 1996 the Company acquired the assets of United Cryopreservation
Foundation, Inc. ("UCFI"), a processor and distributor of cryopreserved human
heart valves and saphenous veins for transplant. The Company issued a $1.25
F-13
million note in connection with the acquisition. The note bears interest at
prime, as adjusted annually on the anniversary date of the acquisition. The
Company made the final payment on this note in 2001.
As amended on June 12, 1998, the Company executed a revolving loan agreement
(the "Loan Agreement") with a bank which permitted the Company to borrow up to
$2.0 million at either the bank's prime rate of interest or at adjusted LIBOR,
as defined, plus an applicable LIBOR margin. The Loan Agreement expired on
December 31, 2001.
Scheduled maturities of long-term debt for the next five years are as follows
(in thousands):
2002 $ 5,993
2003 1,600
2004 1,600
2005 1,600
2006 800
Thereafter --
-------------
$ 11,593
Total interest costs were $915,000, $528,000, and $387,000 in 2001, 2000, and
1999 which included $819,000, $229,000, and $0, respectively, of interest
capitalized in connection with the expansion of the corporate headquarters and
manufacturing facilities.
6. DERIVATIVES
The Company's Term Loan, which accrues interest computed at Adjusted LIBOR plus
1.5%, exposes the Company to changes in interest rates going forward. On March
16, 2000, the Company entered into a $4 million notional amount forward-starting
interest swap agreement, which took effect on June 1, 2001 and expires in 2006.
This swap agreement was designated as a cash flow hedge to effectively convert a
portion of the Term Loan balance to a fixed rate basis, thus reducing the impact
of interest rate changes on future income. This agreement involves the receipt
of floating rate amounts in exchange for fixed rate interest payments over the
life of the agreement, without an exchange of the underlying principal amounts.
The differential to be paid or received is recognized in the period in which it
accrues as an adjustment to interest expense on the Term Loan.
On January 1, 2001 the Company adopted SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS 133") as amended. SFAS 133 requires
the Company to recognize all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair
value, and changes in the derivative's fair value must be recognized currently
in earnings or other comprehensive income, as applicable. The adoption of SFAS
133 impacts the accounting for the Company's forward-starting interest rate swap
agreement. Upon adoption of SFAS 133, the Company recorded an unrealized loss of
approximately $175,000 related to the interest rate swap, which was recorded as
part of long-term liabilities and accumulated other comprehensive income within
the Statement of Shareholders' Equity.
At December 31, 2001 the notional amount of this swap agreement was $3.6
million. The Company paid a weighted average rate of 6.9% on the Term Loan
during 2001, adjusted for the effect of the interest rate swap. The fair value
of the interest rate swap agreement, as estimated by the bank based on its
internal valuation models, was a liability of $293,000 at December 31, 2001. The
fair value of the swap agreement is recorded as part of long-term liabilities
and is recorded net of tax as part of accumulated other comprehensive income
within the Statement of Shareholders' Equity.
F-14
7. FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
SFAS No. 107, "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments", requires
the Company to disclose estimated fair values for its financial instruments. The
carrying amounts of receivables and accounts payable approximate their fair
values due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. The carrying value
of the Company's other financial instruments approximated fair value at December
31, 2001 and 2000.
8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
LEASES
The Company leases equipment, furniture, office, and manufacturing space under
various leases with terms of up to 15 years. Commencing January 5, 1998 the
Company leased office and manufacturing facilities under a capital lease for
$24,125 per month with an interest rate at 8% per annum through January 2008
from the former majority shareholder of IFM. This lease is subject to a sublease
agreement as discussed in Note 3. Certain leases contain escalation clauses and
renewal options for additional periods. Rent expense is computed on the
straight-line method over the term of the lease with the offsetting accrual
recorded in other long-term liabilities. Future minimum lease payments under
noncancelable leases as of December 31, 2001 are as follows (in thousands):
Capitalized Operating
Leases Leases
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 $ 843 $ 2,283
2003 843 1,977
2004 843 1,911
2005 843 1,905
2006 843 1,943
Thereafter 265 18,837
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total minimum lease payments 4,480 $ 28,856
=================
Less amount representing interest 731
------------------------------------------------------------------
Present value of net minimum
lease payments 3,749
Less current portion 609
------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 3,140
==================================================================
Property acquired under capital leases at December 31, 2001 consists of the
following (in thousands):
Equipment $ 403
Furniture and fixtures 890
Leasehold improvements 3,199
Accumulated depreciation (907)
------------------
$ 3,585
=================
Total rental expense for operating leases amounted to $2,243,000, $1,478,000,
and $1,457,000, for 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively. Total rental income
under the sublease was $310,000 in 2001, $95,000 in 2000, and zero in 1999.
F-15
LITIGATION, CLAIMS, AND ASSESSMENTS
The Company is party to various legal proceedings arising in the normal course
of business, most of which involve claims for personal injury and intellectual
property incurred in connection with its operations. Management believes that
the outcome of its various legal proceedings will not have a material adverse
effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
On May 23, 2001 Colorado State University Research Foundation ("CSURF") filed an
action in United States District Court, District of Colorado, alleging that the
Company breached a March 26, 1996 Technology License Agreement between CSURF and
the Company (the "TLA"). CSURF alleges that the Company uses the licensed
technology in the Company's SynerGraft process and that the Company has breached
the TLA by not paying royalties to CSURF on tissues processed using the
SynerGraft process. The Company denies these allegations and asserts that no
royalties are due to CSURF under the TLA because the Company's SynerGraft
process does not utilize the licensed technology. CSURF also alleges that the
Company is obliged to assign to CSURF certain Company patents and patent
applications relating to the Company's SynerGraft process and that the Company
engaged in deceptive conduct by not naming CSURF as owner or its representative
Christopher Orton as an inventor on those Company patents and patent
applications.
The case is currently in discovery. Interrogatory responses and documents have
been exchanged. The Company believes that CSURF's allegations are false and that
the Company will prevail in the action. Nonetheless, an adverse decision by the
court could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results
of operations.
9. STOCK OPTION PLANS
The Company has stock option plans which provide for grants of options to
employees and directors to purchase shares of the Company's common stock at
exercise prices generally equal to the fair values of such stock at the dates of
grant, which generally become exercisable over a five-year vesting period and
expire within ten years of the grant dates. Under the 1993 Employee Incentive
Stock Option Plan, the 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan, and the amended and
restated Nonemployee Director's Plan, the Company has authorized the grant of
options of up to 1,050,000, 900,000, and 594,000 shares of common stock,
respectively. As of December 31, 2001 and 2000, there were 128,000 and 424,000,
respectively, shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the
Company's stock option plans. A summary of stock option transactions under the
plans follows:
Exercise Weighted Average
Shares Price Exercise Price
-------------- ----------------- ------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 1998 1,240,000 $ 2.00-11.50 $ 7.17
Granted 503,000 7.92-11.42 9.24
Exercised (74,000) 2.00-6.83 2.44
Canceled (150,000) 6.83-11.42 11.30
-------------- ----------------- ------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 1999 1,519,000 $ 2.33-11.50 $ 7.67
Granted 492,000 11.50-29.15 13.99
Exercised (416,000) 2.33-9.00 3.85
Canceled (45,000) 6.83-9.00 8.64
-------------- ----------------- ------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 2000 1,550,000 $ 5.67-29.15 $ 10.67
Granted 370,000 23.68-34.10 30.02
Exercised (145,000) 5.67-11.63 7.68
Canceled (13,000) 8.50-29.15 16.38
-------------- ----------------- ------------------------
Outstanding at December 31, 2001 1,762,000 $ 6.83-34.10 $ 14.94
==============
F-16
The following table summarizes information concerning currently outstanding and
exercisable options:
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------
Weighted Weighted
Weighted Average Average Average
Range of Exercise Number Remaining Exercise Number Exercise
Prices Outstanding Contractual Life Price Exercisable Price
- -------------------- ----------------- ---------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
$ 6.83-8.50 526,000 2.8 $8.11 312,000 $ 7.99
9.00-11.50 547,000 2.9 11.20 458,000 11.22
11.63-30.14 455,000 4.7 18.75 47,000 14.25
30.73-34.10 234,000 4.7 31.61 98,000 31.99
----------------- -----------------
$ 6.83-34.10 1,762,000 3.6 $ 14.94 915,000 $ 12.49
================= =================
In September 1999, the Company granted options to a nonemployee to purchase
18,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.21 per share. In
connection with the issuance of these options, the Company recognized $60,000 as
deferred compensation for the estimated fair value of the options. Deferred
compensation is amortized ratably over the vesting period of the options in
accordance with SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS
123").
The Company has elected to follow Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25,
"Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" and related interpretations ("APB
25") in accounting for its employee stock options because, as discussed below,
the alternative fair value accounting provided for under SFAS 123 requires use
of option valuation models that were not developed for use in valuing employee
stock options. Under APB 25, because the exercise price of the Company's
employee stock options equals the market price of the underlying stock on the
date of the grant, no compensation expense is recognized.
Pro forma information regarding net income and earnings per share is
required by SFAS 123, which requires that the information be determined as if
the Company has accounted for its employee stock options granted under the fair
value method of that statement. The fair values for these options were estimated
at the dates of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the
following weighted-average assumptions:
2001 2000 1999
----------------- ----------------- ----------------
Expected dividend yield 0% 0% 0%
Expected stock price volatility .600 .540 .540
Risk-free interest rate 4.73% 6.39% 5.78%
Expected life of options 4.2 Years 4.3 Years 3.6 Years
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the
fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully
transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly
subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. Because
the Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly
F-17
different from those of traded options and because changes in the subjective
input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's
opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single
measure of the fair value of its employee stock options.
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair values of the options
are amortized to expense over the options' vesting periods. The Company's pro
forma information follows (in thousands, except per share data):
2001 2000 1999
----------------- ---------------- -----------------
Net income--as reported $ 9,166 $ 7,817 $ 4,451
Net income--pro forma $ 6,934 $ 6,634 $ 3,421
Earnings per share--as reported:
Basic $ 0.49 $ 0.42 $ 0.24
Diluted $ 0.47 $ 0.41 $ 0.24
Earnings per share--pro forma:
Basic $ 0.37 $ 0.36 $ 0.19
Diluted $ 0.35 $ 0.35 $ 0.18
Other information concerning stock options follows:
2001 2000 1999
----------------- ---------------- -----------------
Weighted average fair value of options granted
during the year $ 15.20 $ 6.97 $ 3.75
Number of shares as to which options are
exercisable at end of year 915,000 791,000 923,000
10. SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN
On November 27, 1995 the Board of Directors adopted a shareholder rights plan to
protect long-term share value for the Company's shareholders. Under the plan,
the Board declared a distribution of one Right for each outstanding share of the
Company's Common Stock to shareholders of record on December 11, 1995.
Additionally, the Company has further authorized and directed the issuance of
one Right with respect to each Common Share that shall become outstanding
between December 11, 1995 and the earliest of the Right's exercise date or
expiration date. Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the
Company one-thirtieth of a share of a newly created Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $100. The Rights, which
expire on November 27, 2005, may be exercised only if certain conditions are
met, such as the acquisition of 15% or more of the Company's Common Stock by a
person or affiliated group ("Acquiring Person").
In the event the Rights become exercisable, each Right will enable the owner,
other than the Acquiring Person, to purchase, at the Right's then current
exercise price, that number of shares of Common Stock with a market value equal
to twice the exercise price times the number of one-tenth's of a share of Series
A Junior Participating Preferred Stock for which the Right is then exercisable.
In addition, unless the Acquiring Person owns more than 50% of the outstanding
shares of Common Stock, the Board of Directors may elect to exchange all
outstanding Rights (other than those owned by such Acquiring Person) at an
exchange ratio of one share of Common Stock per Right appropriately adjusted to
reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction.
F-18
11. STOCK REPURCHASE
On October 14, 1998 the Company's Board of Directors authorized the Company to
purchase up to 1.5 million shares of its common stock. The purchase of shares
will be made from time-to-time in open market or privately negotiated
transactions on such terms as management deems appropriate. The Company did not
repurchase any shares of its common stock in 2001. As of December 31, 2001, 2000
and 1999, the Company had purchased an aggregate of 1,159,000, 1,159,000, and
1,081,000 shares, respectively, of its common stock for an aggregate purchase
price of $8,258,000, $8,258,000, and $7,646,000, respectively.
12. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Components of other comprehensive income consist of the following, net of tax
(in thousands):
Change in Accumulated
Unrealized Fair Value Other
Gain/(Loss) on of Interest Translation Comprehensive
Investments Rate Swap Adjustment Income/(Loss)
---------------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------
December 31, 1998 $ 139 $ -- $ -- $ 139
1999 Change (922) -- (2) (924)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 1999 (783) -- (2) (785)
2000 Change (235) -- (68) (303)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2000 (1,018) -- (70) (1,088)
2001 Change 1,125 (200) 18 943
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2001 $ 107 $ (200) $ (52) $ (145)
=========================================================================================================
The tax effect on the change in unrealized gain/loss on investments is
($574,000), $121,000, and $474,000 for 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively. The
tax effect on the change in fair value of interest rate swap is $93,000 for
2001. The translation adjustment is not currently adjusted for income taxes as
it relates to a permanent investment in a foreign subsidiary.
13. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company has a 401(k) savings plan (the "Plan") providing retirement benefits
to all employees who have completed at least three months of service. The
Company makes matching contributions of 50% of each participant's contribution
up to 5% of each participant's salary. Total company contributions approximated
$384,000, $355,000, and $309,000, for 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively.
Additionally, the Company may make discretionary contributions to the Plan that
are allocated to each participant's account. No such discretionary contributions
were made in 2001, 2000, or 1999.
On May 16, 1996 the Company's shareholders approved the CryoLife, Inc. Employee
Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"). The ESPP allows eligible employees the right
to purchase common stock on a quarterly basis at the lower of 85% of the market
price at the beginning or end of each three-month offering period. As of
December 31, 2001 and 2000 there were 657,000, and 688,000, respectively, shares
of common stock reserved under the ESPP and there had been 243,000, and 212,000,
respectively, shares issued under the plan.
F-19
14. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per
share (in thousands, except per share data):
2001 2000 1999
----------------- --------------- ----------------
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share
-- income available to common shareholders $9,166 $7,817 $4,451
================= =============== ================
Denominator for basic earnings per share -
weighted-average shares 18,808 18,541 18,512
Effect of dilutive stock options 852 688 288
----------------- --------------- ----------------
Denominator for diluted earnings per share -
adjusted weighted-average shares 19,660 19,229 18,800
================= =============== ================
Basic earnings per share $0.49 $ 0.42 $ 0.24
================= =============== ================
Diluted earnings per share $0.47 $ 0.41 $ 0.24
================= =============== ================
15. INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense consists of the following (in thousands):
2001 2000 1999
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Current:
Federal $ 4,680 $ 2,272 $ 2,912
State 115 (114) 108
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
4,795 2,158 3,020
Deferred (481) 1,658 (970)
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
$ 4,314 $ 3,816 $ 2,050
================== ================== ==================
Such amounts differ from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal
income tax rate of 35% in 2001 and 34% in 2000 and 1999 to pretax income as a
result of the following (in thousands):
2001 2000 1999
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Tax expense at statutory rate $4,718 $3,955 $2,210
Increase (reduction) in income taxes
Resulting from:
Entertainment expenses 50 47 47
State income taxes, net of federal 108 231 163
Benefit
Nontaxable interest income (242) (264) (232)
Research and development credits (200) (125) (100)
Structure
Foreign sales corporation (60) -- --
Other (60) (28) (38)
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
$4,314 $3,816 $2,050
================== ================== ==================
F-20
The tax effects of temporary differences which give rise to deferred tax
liabilities and assets at December 31 are as follows (in thousands):
2001 2000
----------------- ----------------
Long-term deferred tax (liabilities) assets:
Property $ (550) $ (756)
Intangible assets 153 538
Impairment of IFM long-lived assets (52) --
---------------- --------------
(449) (218)
Current deferred tax assets (liabilities):
Unrealized loss on interest rate swap 93 --
Unrealized loss on marketable securities 449 524
Allowance for bad debts 32 398
Accrued expenses 13 104
Deferred preservation costs and inventory reserves 96 87
Other 5 (50)
---------------- --------------
688 1,063
--------------- --------------
Net deferred tax assets $ 239 $ 845
--------------- ==============
At December 31, 2001, the Company has recorded a net deferred tax asset of
$239,000. Realization of the net deferred tax asset is dependent on generating
sufficient taxable income in future periods. Although realization is not
ensured, management believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred
tax asset will be realized.
16. EXECUTIVE INSURANCE PLAN
Pursuant to a supplemental life insurance program for certain executive officers
of the Company, the Company and the executives share in the premium payments and
ownership of insurance policies on the lives of such executives. Upon death of
the insured party, policy proceeds equal to the premium contribution are due to
the Company with the remaining proceeds due to the designated beneficiaries of
the insured party. The Company's aggregate premium contributions under this
program were $75,000, $53,000, and $33,000, for 2001, 2000, and 1999,
respectively.
17. EQUIPMENT ON LOAN TO IMPLANTING HOSPITALS
The Company consigns liquid nitrogen freezers with certain implanting hospitals
for tissue storage. The freezers are the property of the Company. At December
31, 2001 freezers with a total cost of approximately $2.2 million and related
accumulated depreciation of approximately $1.4 million were located at the
implanting hospitals' premises. Depreciation is provided over the estimated
useful lives of the freezers on a straight-line basis.
F-21
18. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES
The Company expensed $87,000, $78,000, and $60,000, during 2001, 2000, and 1999,
respectively, relating to services performed by a law firm whose sole proprietor
is a member of the Company's Board of Directors and a shareholder of the
Company. The Company expensed $100,000, $102,000, and $64,000 in 2001, 2000 and
1999, respectively, relating to consulting services performed by a member of the
Company's Board of Directors and a shareholder of the Company. In addition, the
Company expensed $473,000, $44,000 and zero in 2001, 2000, and 1999,
respectively, relating to research performed by the university where the same
Director and shareholder holds a significant position. The Company paid $210,000
each in 2001, 2000, and 1999 relating to consulting services performed by a
shareholder of the Company.
19. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
The Company has two reportable segments: Human Tissue Preservation Services and
Implantable Medical Devices. The Company's segments are organized according to
services and products.
The HUMAN TISSUE PRESERVATION SERVICES segment includes external revenue from
cryopreservation services of cardiovascular, vascular, and orthopaedic human
tissue. The IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICES segment includes external revenue from
product sales of BioGlue Surgical Adhesive and bioprosthetic devices, including
stentless porcine heart valves, SynerGraft treated porcine heart valves, and
SynerGraft treated bovine vascular grafts. There are no intersegment sales.
The primary measure of segment performance, as viewed by the Company's
management, is segment gross margin, or net external revenues less cost of
preservation services and products. The Company does not segregate assets by
segment; therefore asset information is excluded from the segment disclosures
below.
The following table summarizes revenues, cost of preservation services and
products, and gross margin for the Company's operating segments (in thousands):
COST OF PRESERVATION GROSS
2001 REVENUE SERVICES AND PRODUCTS MARGIN
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human Tissue Preservation Services $ 75,552 $ 31,165 $ 44,387
Implantable Medical Devices 11,130 5,464 5,666
All Other (a) 989 -- 989
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 87,671 $ 36,629 $ 51,042
===================================================================================================================
2000
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human Tissue Preservation Services $ 67,096 $ 27,500 $ 39,596
Implantable Medical Devices 7,176 4,068 3,108
All Other (a) 2,824 1,779 1,045
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 77,096 $ 33,347 $ 43,749
===================================================================================================================
1999
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human Tissue Preservation Services $ 59,516 $ 24,416 $ 35,100
Implantable Medical Devices 2,612 2,941 (329)
All Other (a) 4,594 2,813 1,781
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 66,722 $ 30,170 $ 36,552
===================================================================================================================
(a) The All Other designation includes 1) grant revenue and 2) revenues and
cost of sales of IFM, a single-use medical device business, through October
9, 2000, the date of the sale of substantially all of the remaining assets
of IFM.
F-22
Net revenues by product for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999
were as follows (in thousands):
REVENUE 2001 2000 1999
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human tissue preservation services:
Cardiovascular tissue $ 28,606 $ 29,685 $ 29,043
Vascular tissue 24,488 21,279 19,273
Orthopaedic tissue 22,458 16,132 11,200
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total preservation services 75,552 67,096 59,516
BioGlue surgical adhesive 10,595 6,405 1,657
Bioprosthetic devices 535 771 955
Single-use medical devices -- 2,208 3,717
Grant Revenue 989 616 877
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 87,671 $ 77,096 $ 66,722
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net revenues by geographic location for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000
and 1999 were as follows (in thousands):
REVENUE (b) 2001 2000 1999
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States $ 81,657 $ 72,010 $ 62,723
International 6,014 5,086 3,999
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 87,671 $ 77,096 $ 66,722
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Net external revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of
the customer.
At December 31, 2001, 2000, and 1999, over 95% of the long-lived assets of the
Company were held in the United States, where all Company manufacturing
facilities and the corporate headquarters are located.
20. INTERIM FINANCIAL DATA
In the Company's 2001 quarterly 10-Q filings, the Company reported unaudited
interim financial data, which included unrealized losses on certain marketable
securities. These losses were reported on the balance sheet in other
comprehensive income as a separate component of shareholder's equity. The
Company had considered the unrealized losses on these marketable securities
temporary, and therefore had not recognized the losses through its income
statement.
Upon further evaluation the Company has concluded that the decrease in value is
"other than temporary" as defined in SFAS No. 115, "Accounting for Certain
Investments in Debt and Equity Securities" and related guidance. This resulted
in an increase in other expense of $747,000 in the quarter ended March 31, 2001,
and a cumulative loss of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2001.
The Company's unaudited quarterly results of operations for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2001 (as previously reported and revised) are as follows (in
thousands, except per share amounts):
F-23
First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
As Previously Revised As Reported As Reported
Reported
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenues 21,432 21,432 21,697 22,567 21,975
Cost of preservation services and
products 9,105 9,105 9,120 9,384 9,020
General, administrative, and marketing 8,159 8,159 8,120 8,290 9,275
Research and development 1,086 1,086 1,286 1,232 1,133
Interest expense --- --- 16 37 43
Interest income (562) (562) (576) (449) (380)
Other expense (income), net --- 747 (5) 114 (4)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income before income taxes 3,644 2,897 3,736 3,959 2,888
Income tax expense 1,166 927 1,196 1,267 924
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income 2,478 1,970 2,540 2,692 1,964
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Earnings per share
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.10
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diluted 0.13 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.10
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On March 4, 2002 the $4.4 million convertible debenture issued by the Company in
March 1997 in connection with the IFM acquisition was converted into 546,000
shares of common stock at $8.05 per common share.
F-24
SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands except per share data)
First Second Third Fourth
REVENUES Year Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter
- ----------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------- ------------- ------------- --------------
2001 $21,432 $21,697 $22,567 $21,975
2000 19,623 $19,454 $19,524 $18,495
1999 16,325 17,395 16,529 16,473
NET INCOME
- ----------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------- ------------- ------------- --------------
2001 $1,970 $2,540 $2,692 $1,964
2000 1,604 1,979 2,308 $1,926
1999 1,380 1,727 1,714 (370)
EARNINGS PER SHARE - DILUTED 1
- ----------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------- ------------- ------------- --------------
2001 $ 0.10 $ 0.13 $ 0.14 $ 0.10
2000 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.10
1999 0.07 0.09 0.09 (0.02)
1 Reflects adjustment for the 3-for-2 stock split effected December 27, 2000.
F-25
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