BYLAWS
OF
FORECROSS CORPORATION
BYLAWS OF
FORECROSS CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
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ARTICLE I - CORPORATE OFFICES 1
1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICE 1
1.2 OTHER OFFICES 1
ARTICLE II - MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS 1
2.1 PLACE OF MEETINGS 1
2.2 ANNUAL MEETING 1
2.3 SPECIAL MEETING 2
2.4 NOTICE OF SHAREHOLDERS' MEETINGS 2
2.5 MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE; AFFIDAVIT OF NOTICE 3
2.6 QUORUM 4
2.7 ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE 4
2.8 VOTING 4
2.9 VALIDATION OF MEETINGS; WAIVER OF NOTICE; CONSENT 5
2.10 SHAREHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A
MEETING 6
2.11 RECORD DATE FOR SHAREHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING; GIVING
CONSENTS 7
2.12 PROXIES 7
2.13 INSPECTORS OF ELECTION 8
ARTICLE III - DIRECTORS 9
3.1 POWERS 9
3.2 NUMBER OF DIRECTORS 9
3.3 ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS 9
3.4 RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES 10
3.5 PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE 10
3.6 REGULAR MEETINGS 11
3.7 SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE 11
3.8 QUORUM 11
3.9 WAIVER OF NOTICE 12
3.10 ADJOURNMENT 12
3.11 NOTICE OF ADJOURNMENT 12
3.12 BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING 12
3.13 FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS 12
3.14 APPROVAL OF LOANS TO OFFICERS 13
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
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ARTICLE IV - COMMITTEES 13
4.1 COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS 13
4.2 MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES 14
ARTICLE V - OFFICERS 14
5.1 OFFICERS 14
5.2 ELECTION OF OFFICERS 15
5.3 SUBORDINATE OFFICERS 15
5.4 REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS 15
5.5 VACANCIES IN OFFICES 15
5.6 CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD 15
5.7 PRESIDENT 16
5.8 VICE PRESIDENTS 16
5.9 SECRETARY 16
5.10 CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 17
ARTICLE VI - INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES
AND OTHER AGENTS 17
6.1 INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS 17
6.2 INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS 18
6.3 PAYMENT OF EXPENSES IN ADVANCE 18
6.4 INDEMNITY NOT EXCLUSIVE 18
6.5 INSURANCE INDEMNIFICATION 19
6.6 CONFLICTS 19
ARTICLE VII - RECORDS AND REPORTS 19
7.1 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF SHARE REGISTER 19
7.2 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF BYLAWS 20
7.3 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF OTHER CORPORATE
RECORD 20
7.4 INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS 21
7.5 ANNUAL REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS; WAIVER 21
7.6 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 21
7.7 REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS 22
ARTICLE VIII - GENERAL MATTERS 22
8.1 RECORD DATE FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN NOTICE AND
VOTING 22
8.2 CHECKS; DRAFTS; EVIDENCES OF INDEBTEDNESS 23
8.3 CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS: HOW EXECUTED 23
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued
Page
8.4 CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES 23
8.5 LOST CERTIFICATES 24
8.6 TRANSFER OF SECURITIES PURSUANT TO REGULATION S 24
8.7 CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS 24
ARTICLE IX - AMENDMENTS 25
9.1 AMENDMENT BY SHAREHOLDERS 25
9.2 AMENDMENT BY DIRECTORS 25
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BYLAWS
OF
FORECROSS CORPORATION
ARTICLE I
CORPORATE OFFICES
1.1 PRINCIPAL OFFICE
The board of directors shall fix the location of the principal executive
office of the corporation at any place within or outside the State of
California. If the principal executive office is located outside such state and
the corporation has one or more business offices in such state, then the board
of directors shall fix and designate a principal business office in the State of
California.
1.2 OTHER OFFICES
The board of directors may at any time establish branch or subordinate
offices at any place or places where the corporation is qualified to do
business.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
2.1 PLACE OF MEETINGS
Meetings of shareholders shall be held at any place within or outside the
State of California designated by the board of directors. In the absence of any
such designation, shareholders' meetings shall be held at the principal
executive office of the corporation.
2.2 ANNUAL MEETING
The annual meeting of shareholders shall be held each year on a date and at
a time designated by the board of directors. In the absence of such designation,
the annual meeting of shareholders shall be held on the first Tuesday of the
fourth calendar month following the end of the fiscal year of the corporation at
10:00 a.m. However, if such day falls on a legal holiday, then the meeting shall
be held at the same time and place on the next succeeding full business day. At
the meeting, directors shall be elected, and any other proper business may be
transacted.
2.3 SPECIAL MEETING
A special meeting of the shareholders may be called at any time by the
board of directors, or by the chairman of the board, or by the president, or by
one or more shareholders holding shares in the aggregate entitled to cast not
less than ten percent (10%) of the votes at that meeting.
If a special meeting is called by any person or persons other than the
board of directors or the president or the chairman of the board, then the
request shall be in writing, specifying the time of such meeting and the general
nature of the business proposed to be transacted, and shall be delivered
personally or sent by registered mail or by telegraphic or other facsimile
transmission to the chairman of the board, the president, any vice president or
the secretary of the corporation. The officer receiving the request shall cause
notice to be promptly given to the shareholders entitled to vote, in accordance
with the provisions of Sections 2.4 and 2.5 of these bylaws, that a meeting will
be held at the time requested by the person or persons calling the meeting, so
long as that time is not less than thirty-five (35) nor more than sixty (60)
days after the receipt of the request. If the notice is not given within twenty
(20) days after receipt of the request, then the person or persons requesting
the meeting may give the notice. Nothing contained in this paragraph of this
Section 2.3 shall be construed as limiting, fixing or affecting the time when a
meeting of shareholders called by action of the board of directors may be held.
2.4 NOTICE OF SHAREHOLDERS' MEETINGS
All notices of meetings of shareholders shall be sent or otherwise given in
accordance with Section 2.5 of these bylaws not less than ten (10) (or, if sent
by third-class mail pursuant to Section 2.5 of these bylaws, thirty (30)) nor
more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting. The notice shall
specify the place, date, and hour of the meeting and (i) in the case of a
special meeting, the general nature of the business to be transacted (no
business other than that specified in the notice may be transacted) or (ii) in
the case of the annual meeting, those matters which the board of directors, at
the time of giving the notice, intends to present for action by the shareholders
(but subject to the provisions of the next paragraph of this Section 2.4 any
proper matter may be presented at the meeting for such action). The notice of
any meeting at which directors are to be elected shall include the name of any
nominee or nominees who, at the time of the notice, the board intends to present
for election.
If action is proposed to be taken at any meeting for approval of (i) a
contract or transaction in which a director has a direct or indirect financial
interest, pursuant to Section 310 of the
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Corporations Code of California (the "Code"), (ii) an amendment of the articles
of incorporation, pursuant to Section 902 of the Code, (iii) a reorganization of
the corporation, pursuant to Section 1201 of the Code, (iv) a voluntary
dissolution of the corporation, pursuant to Section 1900 of the Code, or (v) a
distribution in dissolution other than in accordance with the rights of
outstanding preferred shares, pursuant to Section 2007 of the Code, then the
notice shall also state the general nature of that proposal.
2.5 MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE; AFFIDAVIT OF NOTICE
Written notice of any meeting of shareholders shall be given either (i)
personally or (ii) by first-class mail or (iii) by third-class mail but only if
the corporation has outstanding shares held of record by five hundred (500) or
more persons (determined as provided in Section 605 of the Code) on the record
date for the shareholders' meeting, or (iv) by telegraphic or other written
communication. Notices not personally delivered shall be sent charges prepaid
and shall be addressed to the shareholder at the address of that shareholder
appearing on the books of the corporation or given by the shareholder to the
corporation for the purpose of notice. If no such address appears on the
corporation's books or is given, notice shall be deemed to have been given if
sent to that shareholder by mail or telegraphic or other written communication
to the corporation's principal executive office, or if published at least once
in a newspaper of general circulation in the county where that office is
located. Notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered
personally or deposited in the mail or sent by telegram or other means of
written communication.
If any notice addressed to a shareholder at the address of that shareholder
appearing on the books of the corporation is returned to the corporation by the
United States Postal Service marked to indicate that the United States Postal
Service is unable to deliver the notice to the shareholder at that address, then
all future notices or reports shall be deemed to have been duly given without
further mailing if the same shall be available to the shareholder on written
demand of the shareholder at the principal executive office of the corporation
for a period of one (1) year from the date of the giving of the notice.
An affidavit of the mailing or other means of giving any notice of any
shareholders' meeting, executed by the secretary, assistant secretary or any
transfer agent of the corporation giving the notice, shall be prima facie
evidence of the giving of such notice.
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2.6 QUORUM
The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the shares
entitled to vote thereat constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business at
all meetings of shareholders. The shareholders present at a duly called or held
meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to do business until
adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less
than a quorum, if any action taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at
least a majority of the shares required to constitute a quorum.
2.7 ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE
Any shareholders' meeting, annual or special, whether or not a quorum is
present, may be adjourned from time to time by the vote of the majority of the
shares represented at that meeting, either in person or by proxy. In the absence
of a quorum, no other business may be transacted at that meeting except as
provided in Section 2.6 of these bylaws.
When any meeting of shareholders, either annual or special, is adjourned to
another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the
time and place are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken.
However, if a new record date for the adjourned meeting is fixed or if the
adjournment is for more than forty-five (45) days from the date set for the
original meeting, then notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given. Notice of
any such adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled
to vote at the adjourned meeting in accordance with the provisions of Sections
2.4 and 2.5 of these bylaws. At any adjourned meeting the corporation may
transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.
2.8 VOTING
The shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders shall be
determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.11 of these bylaws,
subject to the provisions of Sections 702 through 704 of the Code (relating to
voting shares held by a fiduciary, in the name of a corporation or in joint
ownership).
The shareholders' vote may be by voice vote or by ballot; provided,
however, that any election for directors must be by ballot if demanded by any
shareholder at the meeting and before the voting has begun.
Except as provided in the last paragraph of this Section 2.8, or as may be
otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, each outstanding share,
regardless of class, shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a
vote of the shareholders.
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Any shareholder entitled to vote on any matter may vote part of the shares
in favor of the proposal and refrain from voting the remaining shares or, except
when the matter is the election of directors, may vote them against the
proposal; but, if the shareholder fails to specify the number of shares which
the shareholder is voting affirmatively, it will be conclusively presumed that
the share- holder's approving vote is with respect to all shares which the
shareholder is entitled to vote.
If a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of the majority of the shares
represented and voting at a duly held meeting (which shares voting affirmatively
also constitute at least a majority of the required quorum) shall be the act of
the shareholders, unless the vote of a greater number or a vote by classes is
required by the Code or by the articles of incorporation.
At a shareholders' meeting at which directors are to be elected, a
shareholder shall be entitled to cumulate votes (i.e., cast for any candidate a
number of votes greater than the number of votes which such shareholder normally
is entitled to cast) if the candidates' names have been placed in nomination
prior to commencement of the voting and the shareholder has given notice prior
to commencement of the voting of the shareholder's intention to cumulate votes.
If any shareholder has given such a notice, then every shareholder entitled to
vote may cumulate votes for candidates in nomination either (i) by giving one
candidate a number of votes equal to the number of directors to be elected
multiplied by the number of votes to which that shareholder's shares are
normally entitled or (ii) by distributing the share- holder's votes on the same
principle among any or all of the candidates, as the shareholder thinks fit. The
candidates receiving the highest number of affirmative votes, up to the number
of directors to be elected, shall be elected; votes against any candidate and
votes withheld shall have no legal effect.
2.9 VALIDATION OF MEETINGS; WAIVER OF NOTICE; CONSENT
The transactions of any meeting of shareholders, either annual or special,
however called and noticed, and wherever held, shall be as valid as though they
had been taken at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum
be present either in person or by proxy, and if, either before or after the
meeting, each person entitled to vote, who was not present in person or by
proxy, signs a written waiver of notice or a consent to the holding of the
meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof. The waiver of notice or consent
or approval need not specify either the business to be transacted or the purpose
of any annual or special meeting of shareholders, except that if action is taken
or proposed to be taken for approval of any of those matters specified in the
second paragraph of Section 2.4 of these bylaws, the waiver of notice or consent
or approval shall state the general nature of the proposal.
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All such waivers, consents, and approvals shall be filed with the corporate
records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.
Attendance by a person at a meeting shall also constitute a waiver of
notice of and presence at that meeting, except when the person objects at the
beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting
is not lawfully called or convened. Attendance at a meeting is not a waiver of
any right to object to the consideration of matters required by the Code to be
included in the notice of the meeting but not so included, if that objection is
expressly made at the meeting.
2.10 SHAREHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING
Any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of
shareholders may be taken without a meeting and without prior notice, if a
consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holders
of outstanding shares having not less than the minimum number of votes that
would be necessary to authorize or take that action at a meeting at which, all
shares entitled to vote on that action were present and voted.
In the case of election of directors, such a consent shall be effective
only if signed by the holders of all outstanding shares entitled to vote for the
election of directors. However, a director may be elected at any time to fill
any vacancy on the board of directors, provided that it was not created by
removal of a director and that it has not been filled by the directors, by the
written consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled
to vote for the election of directors.
All such consents shall be maintained in the corporate records. Any
shareholder giving a written consent, or the shareholder's proxy holders, or a
transferee of the shares, or a personal representative of the shareholder, or
their respective proxy holders, may revoke the consent by a writing received by
the secretary of the corporation before written consents of the number of shares
required to authorize the proposed action have been filed with the secretary.
If the consents of all shareholders entitled to vote have not been
solicited in writing and if the unanimous written consent of all such
shareholders has not been received, then the secretary shall give prompt notice
of the corporate action approved by the shareholders without a meeting. Such
notice shall be given to those shareholders entitled to vote who have not
consented in writing and shall be given in the manner specified in Section 2.5
of these bylaws. In the case of approval of (i) a contract or transaction in
which a director has a direct or indirect financial interest, pursuant to
Section 310 of the Code, (ii) indemnification of a corporate "agent," pursuant
to Section 317 of the Code,
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(iii)a reorganization of the corporation, pursuant to Section 1201 of
the Code, and (iv) a distribution in dissolution other than in
accordance with the rights of outstanding preferred shares,
pursuant to Section 2007 of the Code, the notice shall be given
at least ten (10) days before the consummation of any action
authorized by that approval.
2.11 RECORD DATE FOR SHAREHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING; GIVING CONSENTS
For purposes of determining the shareholders entitled to notice of any
meeting or to vote thereat or entitled to give consent to corporate action
without a meeting, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date,
which shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) day before
the date of any such meeting nor more than sixty (60) days before any such
action without a meeting, and in such event only shareholders of record on the
date so fixed are entitled to notice and to vote or to give consents, as the
case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of the
corporation after the record date, except as otherwise provided in the Code.
If the board of directors does not so fix a record date:
(a) the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of or
to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of business on the
business day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is
waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on
which the meeting is held; and
(b) the record date for determining shareholders entitled to give consent
to corporate action in writing without a meeting, (i) when no prior action by
the board has been taken, shall be the day on which the first written consent is
given, or (ii) when prior action by the board has been taken, shall be at the
close of business on the day on which the board adopts the resolution relating
to that action, or the sixtieth (60th) day before the date of such other action,
whichever is later.
The record date for any other purpose shall be as provided in Article VIII
of these bylaws.
2.12 PROXIES
Every person entitled to vote for directors, or on any other matter, shall
have the right to do so either in person or by one or more agents authorized by
a written proxy signed by the person and filed with the secretary of the
corporation. A proxy shall be deemed signed if the shareholder's name is placed
on the proxy (whether by manual signature, typewriting, telegraphic transmission
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or otherwise) by the shareholder or the shareholder's attorney-in-fact. A
validly executed proxy which does not state that it is irrevocable shall
continue in full force and effect unless (i) the person who executed the proxy
revokes it prior to the time of voting by delivering a writing to the
corporation stating that the proxy is revoked or by executing a subsequent proxy
and presenting it to the meeting or by voting in person at the meeting, or (ii)
written notice of the death or incapacity of the maker of that proxy is received
by the corporation before the vote pursuant to that proxy is counted; provided,
however, that no proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven (11) months
from the date of the proxy, unless otherwise provided in the proxy. The dates
contained on the forms of proxy presumptively determine the order of execution,
regardless of the postmark dates on the envelopes in which they are mailed. The
revocability of a proxy that states on its face that it is irrevocable shall be
governed by the provisions of Sections 705(e) and 705(f) of the Code.
2.13 INSPECTORS OF ELECTION
Before any meeting of shareholders, the board of directors may appoint an
inspector or inspectors of election to act at the meeting or its adjournment. If
no inspector of election is so appointed, then the chairman of the meeting may,
and on the request of any shareholder or a shareholder's proxy shall, appoint an
inspector or inspectors of election to act at the meeting. The number of
inspectors shall be either one (1) or three (3). If inspectors are appointed at
a meeting pursuant to the request of one (1) or more shareholders or proxies,
then the holders of a majority of shares or their proxies present at the meeting
shall determine whether one (1) or three (3) inspectors are to be appointed. If
any person appointed as inspector fails to appear or fails or refuses to act,
then the chairman of the meeting may, and upon the request of any shareholder or
a shareholder's proxy shall, appoint a person to fill that vacancy.
Such inspectors shall:
(a) determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of
each, the number of shares represented at the meeting, the existence
of a quorum, and the authenticity, validity, and effect of proxies;
(b) receive votes, ballots or consents;
(c) hear and determine all challenges and questions in any way arising in
connection with the right to vote;
(d) count and tabulate all votes or consents;
(e) determine when the polls shall close;
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(f) determine the result; and
(g) do any other acts that may be proper to conduct the election or vote
with fairness to all shareholders.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
3.1 POWERS
Subject to the provisions of the Code and any limitations in the articles
of incorporation and these bylaws relating to action required to be approved by
the shareholders or by the outstanding shares, the business and affairs of the
corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or
under the direction of the board of directors.
3.2 NUMBER OF DIRECTORS
The number of directors of the corporation shall be not less than three (3)
nor more than five (5). The exact number of directors shall be three (3) until
changed, within the limits specified above, by a bylaw amending this Section
3.2, duly adopted by the board of directors or by the shareholders. The
indefinite number of directors may be changed, or a definite number may be fixed
without provision for an indefinite number, by a duly adopted amendment to the
articles of incorporation or by an amendment to this bylaw duly adopted by the
vote or written consent of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares
entitled to vote; provided, however, that an amendment reducing the fixed number
or the minimum number of directors to a number less than five (5) cannot be
adopted if the votes cast against its adoption at a meeting, or the shares not
consenting in the case of an action by written consent, are equal to more than
sixteen and two-thirds percent (16-2/3%) of the outstanding shares entitled to
vote thereon. No amendment may change the stated maximum number of authorized
directors to a number greater than two (2) times the stated minimum number of
directors minus one (1).
No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of
removing any director before that director's term of office expires.
3.3 ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS
Directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of shareholders to hold
office until the next annual meeting. Each director, including a director
elected to fill a vacancy, shall hold
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office until the expiration of the term for which elected and until a successor
has been elected and qualified.
3.4 RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES
Any director may resign effective on giving written notice to the chairman
of the board, the president, the secretary or the board of directors, unless the
notice specifies a later time for that resignation to become effective. If the
resignation of a director is effective at a future time, the board of directors
may elect a successor to take office when the resignation becomes effective.
Vacancies in the board of directors may be filled by a majority of the
remaining directors, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining
director; however, a vacancy created by the removal of a director by the vote or
written consent of the shareholders or by court order may be filled only by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the shares represented and voting at a duly
held meeting at which a quorum is present (which shares voting affirmatively
also constitute a majority of the required quorum), or by the unanimous written
consent of all shares entitled to vote thereon. Each director so elected shall
hold office until the next annual meeting of the shareholders and until a
successor has been elected and qualified.
A vacancy or vacancies in the board of directors shall be deemed to exist
(i) in the event of the death, resignation or removal of any director, (ii) if
the board of directors by resolution declares vacant the office of a director
who has been declared of unsound mind by an order of court or convicted of a
felony, (iii) if the authorized number of directors is increased; or (iv) if the
shareholders fail, at any meeting of shareholders at which any director or
directors are elected, to elect the number of directors to be elected at that
meeting.
The shareholders may elect a director or directors at any time to fill any
vacancy or vacancies not filled by the directors, but any such election other
than to fill a vacancy created by removal, if by written consent, shall require
the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to
vote thereon.
3.5 PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE
Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held at any place within
or outside the State of California that has been designated from time to time by
resolution of the board. In the absence of such a designation, regular meetings
shall be held at the principal executive office of the corporation. Special
meetings of the board may be held at any place within or outside the State of
California that has been designated in the notice of
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the meeting or, if not stated in the notice or if there is no notice, at the
principal executive office of the corporation.
Any meeting, regular or special, may be held by conference telephone or
similar communication equipment, so long as all directors participating in the
meeting can hear one another; and all such directors shall be deemed to be
present in person at the meeting.
3.6 REGULAR MEETINGS
Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without notice if
the times of such meetings are fixed by the board of directors.
3.7 SPECIAL MEETINGS: NOTICE
Special meetings of the board of directors for any purpose or purposes may
be called at any time by the chairman of the board, the president, any vice
president, the secretary or any two directors.
Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered
personally or by telephone to each director or sent by first-class mail or
telegram, charges prepaid, addressed to each director at that directors address
as it is shown on the records of the corporation. If the notice is mailed, it
shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days before the
time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is delivered personally or by
telephone or telegram, it shall be delivered personally or by telephone or to
the telegraph company at least forty-eight (48) hours before the time of the
holding of the meeting. Any oral notice given personally or by telephone may be
communicated either to the director or to a person at the office of the director
who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate
it to the director. The notice need not specify the purpose or the place of the
meeting, if the meeting is to be held at the principal executive office of the
corporation.
3. 8 QUORUM
A majority of the authorized number of directors shall constitute a quorum
for the transaction of business, except adjourn as provided in Section 3.10 of
these bylaws. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors
present at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as
the act of the board of directors, subject to the provisions of Section 310 of
the Code (as to approval of contracts or transactions in which a director has a
direct or indirect material financial interest), Section 311 of the Code (as to
appointment of committees),
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Section 317(e) of the Code (as to indemnification of directors), the articles of
incorporation, and other applicable law.
A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact
business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is
approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for that meeting.
3.9 WAIVER OF NOTICE
Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director (i) who signs a
waiver of notice or a consent to holding the meeting or an approval of the
minutes thereof, whether before or after the meeting, or (ii) who attends the
meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of
notice to such directors. All such waivers, consents, and approvals shall be
filed with the corporate records or made part of the minutes of the meeting. A
waiver of notice need not specify the purpose of any regular or special meeting
of the board of directors.
3.10 ADJOURNMENT
A majority of the directors present, whether or not constituting a quorum,
may adjourn any meeting to another time and place.
3.11 NOTICE OF ADJOURNMENT
Notice of the time and place of holding an adjourned meeting need not be
given unless the meeting is adjourned for more than twenty-four (24) hours. If
the meeting is adjourned for more than twenty-four (24) hours, then notice of
the time and place of the adjourned meeting shall be given before the adjourned
meeting takes place, in the manner specified in Section 3.7 of these bylaws, to
the directors who were not present at the time of the adjournment.
3.12 BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING
Any action required or permitted to be taken by the board of directors may
be taken without a meeting, provided that all members of the board individually
or collectively consent in writing to that action. Such action by written
consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of the board of
directors. Such written consent and any counterparts thereof shall be filed with
the minutes of the proceedings of the board.
3.13 FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
Directors and members of committees may receive such compensation, if any,
for their services and such reimbursement of expenses as may be fixed or
determined by resolution of the board
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of directors. This Section 3.13 shall not be construed to preclude any director
from serving the corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent,
employee or otherwise and receiving compensation for those services.
3.14 APPROVAL OF LOANS TO OFFICERS*
The corporation may, upon the approval of the board of directors alone,
make loans of money or property to, or guarantee the obligation of, any officer
of the corporation or its parent or subsidiary, whether or not a director, or
adopt an employee benefit plan or plans authorizing such loans or guaranties
provided that (i) the board of directors determines that such a loan or guaranty
or plan may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation, (ii) the
corporation has outstanding shares held of record by 100 or more persons
(determined as provided in Section 605 of the Code) on the date of approval by
the board of directors, and (iii) the approval of the board of directors is by a
vote sufficient without counting the vote of any interested director or
directors.
ARTICLE IV
COMMITTEES
4.1 COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS
The board of directors may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the
authorized number of directors, designate one (1) or more committees, each
consisting of two or more directors, to serve at the pleasure of the board. The
board may designate one (1) or more directors as alternate members of any
committee, who may replace any absent member at any meeting of the committee.
The appointment of members or alternate members of a committee requires the vote
of a majority of the authorized number of directors. Any committee, to the
extent provided in the resolution of the board, shall have all the authority of
the board, except with respect to:
(a) the approval of any action which, under the Code, also requires
shareholders' approval or approval of the outstanding shares;
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* This section is effective only if it has been approved by the shareholders in
accordance with Sections 315(b) and 152 of the Code.
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(b) the filling of vacancies on the board of directors or in any committee;
(c) the fixing of compensation of the directors for serving on the board
or any committee;
(d) the amendment or repeal of these bylaws or the adoption of new bylaws;
(e) the amendment or repeal of any resolution of the board of directors
which by its express terms is not so amendable or repealable;
(f) a distribution to the shareholders of the corporation, except at a
rate or in a periodic amount or within a price range determined by the
board of directors; or
(g) the appointment of any other committees of the board of directors or
the members of such committees.
4.2 MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES
Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and taken
in accordance with, the provisions of Article III of these bylaws, Section 3.5
(place of meetings), Section 3.6 (regular meetings), Section 3.7 (special
meetings and notice), Section 3.8 (quorum), Section 3.9 (waiver of notice),
Section 3.10 (adjournment), Section 3.11 (notice of adjournment), and Section
3.12 (action without meeting), with such changes in the context of those bylaws
as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members for the board of
directors and its members; provided, however, that the time of regular meetings
of committees may be determined either by resolution of the board of directors
or by resolution of the committee, that special meetings of committees may also
be called by resolution of the board of directors, and that notice of special
meetings of committees shall also be given to all alternate members, who shall
have the right to attend all meetings of the committee. The board of directors
may adopt rules for the government of any committee not inconsistent with the
provisions of these bylaws.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
5.1 OFFICERS
The officers of the corporation shall be a president, a secretary, and a
chief financial officer. The corporation may also
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have, at the discretion of the board of directors, a chairman of the board, one
or more vice presidents, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more
assistant treasurers, and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance
with the provisions of Section 5.3 of these bylaws. Any number of offices may be
held by the same person.
5.2 ELECTION OF OFFICERS
The officers of the corporation, except such officers as may be appointed
in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.3 or Section 5.5 of these bylaws,
shall be chosen by the board, subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under
any contract of employment.
5.3 SUBORDINATE OFFICERS
The board of directors may appoint, or may empower the president to
appoint, such other officers as the business of the corporation may require,
each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority, and perform
such duties as are provided in these bylaws or as the board of directors may
from time to time determine.
5.4 REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS
Subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of
employment, any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by the
board of directors at any regular or special meeting of the board or, except in
case of an officer chosen by the board of directors, by any officer upon whom
such power of removal may be conferred by the board of directors.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the
corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of
that notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and, unless otherwise
specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be
necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the
rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to which the officer is a
party.
5.5 VACANCIES IN OFFICES
A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal,
disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the manner prescribed in
these bylaws for regular appointments to that office.
15
5.6 CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
The chairman of the board, if such an officer be elected, shall, if
present, preside at meetings of the board of directors and exercise and perform
such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the
board of directors or as may be prescribed by these bylaws. If there is no
president, then the chairman of the board shall also be the chief executive
officer of the corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in
Section 5.7 of these bylaws.
5.7 PRESIDENT
Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the board of
directors to the chairman of the board, if there be such an officer, the
president shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall,
subject to the control of the board of directors, have general supervision,
direction, and control of the business and the officers of the corporation. He
shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and, in the absence or
non-existence of a chairman of the board, at all meetings of the board of
directors. He shall have the general powers and duties of management usually
vested in the office of president of a corporation, and shall have such other
powers and duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or these
bylaws.
5.8 VICE PRESIDENTS
In the absence or disability of the president, the vice presidents, if any,
in order of their rank as fixed by the board of directors or, if not ranked, a
vice president designated by the board of directors, shall perform all the
duties of the president and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be
subject to all the restrictions upon, the president. The vice presidents shall
have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be
prescribed for them respectively by the board of directors, these bylaws, the
president or the chairman of the board.
5.9 SECRETARY
The secretary shall keep or cause to be kept, at the principal executive
office of the corporation or such other place as the board of directors may
direct, a book of minutes of all meetings and actions of directors, committees
of directors and shareholders. The minutes shall show the time and place of each
meeting, whether regular or special (and, if special, how authorized and the
notice given), the names of those present at directors' meetings or committee
meetings, the number of shares present or represented at shareholders' meetings,
and the proceedings thereof. The secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at
the principal executive office of the corporation or at the office of the
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corporation's transfer agent or registrar, as determined by resolution of the
board of directors, a share register, or a duplicate share register, showing the
names of all shareholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares
held by each, the number and date of certificates evidencing such shares, and
the number and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for
cancellation.
The secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of
the shareholders and of the board of directors required to be given by law or by
these bylaws. He shall keep the seal of the corporation, if one be adopted, in
safe custody and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as
may be prescribed by the board of directors or by these by laws.
5.10 CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
The chief financial officer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept
and maintained, adequate and correct books and records of accounts of the
properties and business transactions of the corporation, including accounts of
its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital,
retained earnings, and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable
times be open to inspection by any director.
The chief financial officer shall deposit all money and other valuables in
the name and to the credit of the corporation with such depositories as may be
designated by the board of directors. He shall disburse the funds of the
corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors, shall render to the
president and directors, whenever they request it, an account of all of his
transactions as chief financial officer and of the financial condition of the
corporation, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as
may be prescribed by the board of directors or these bylaws.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES,
AND OTHER AGENTS
6.1 INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
The corporation shall, to the maximum extent and in the manner permitted by
the Code, indemnify each of its directors and officers against expenses (as
defined in Section 317(a) of the Code), judgments, fines, settlements, and other
amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding (as
defined in Section 317(a) of the Code), arising by reason of the fact that
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such person is or was an agent of the corporation. For purposes of this Section
6.1, a "director" or "officer" of the corporation includes any person (i) who is
or was a director or officer of the corporation, (ii) who is or was serving at
the request of the corporation as a director or officer of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (iii) who was a
director or officer of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the
corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor
corporation.
6.2 INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS
The corporation shall have the power, to the extent and in the manner
permitted by the Code, to indemnify each of its employees and agents (other than
directors and officers) against expenses (as defined in Section 317(a) of the
Code), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably
incurred in connection with any proceeding (as defined in Section 317(a) of the
Code), arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the
corporation. For purposes of this Section 6.2, an "employee" or "agent" of the
corporation (other than a director or officer) includes any person (i) who is or
was an employee or agent of the corporation, (ii) who is or was serving at the
request of the corporation as an employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (iii) who was an
employee or agent of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the
corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor
corporation.
6.3 PAYMENT OF EXPENSES IN ADVANCE
Expenses incurred in defending any civil or criminal action or proceeding
for which indemnification is required pursuant to Section 6.1 or for which
indemnification is permitted pursuant to Section 6.2 following authorization
thereof by the Board of Directors shall be paid by the corporation in advance of
the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of the indemnified party to repay such amount if it
shall ultimately be determined that the indemnified party is not entitled to be
indemnified as authorized in this Article VI.
6.4 INDEMNITY NOT EXCLUSIVE
The indemnification provided by this Article VI shall not be deemed
exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be
entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested
directors or otherwise, both as to action in an official capacity and as to
action in another capacity while holding such office, to the extent that such
additional
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rights to indemnification are authorized in the Articles of Incorporation.
6.5 INSURANCE INDEMNIFICATION
The corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on
behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation against any liability asserted against or incurred by such person in
such capacity or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or not the
corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under
the provisions of this Article VI.
6.6 CONFLICTS
No indemnification or advance shall be made under this Article VI, except
where such indemnification or advance is mandated by law or the order, judgment
or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction, in any circumstance where it
appears:
(1) That it would be inconsistent with a provision of the Articles of
Incorporation, these bylaws, a resolution of the shareholders or an agreement in
effect at the time of the accrual of the allege cause of the action asserted in
the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred or other amounts were paid,
which prohibits or otherwise limits indemnification; or
(2) That it would be inconsistent with any condition expressly imposed by a
court in approving a settlement.
ARTICLE VII
RECORDS AND REPORTS
7.1 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF SHARE REGISTER
The corporation shall keep either at its principal executive office or at
the office of its transfer agent or registrar (if either be appointed), as
determined by resolution of the board of directors, a record of its shareholders
listing the names and, addresses of all shareholders and the number and class of
shares held by each shareholder.
A shareholder or shareholders of the corporation who holds at least five
percent (5%) in the aggregate of the outstanding voting shares of the
corporation or who holds at least one percent (1%) of such voting shares and has
filed a Schedule 14B with the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the
election of directors, may (i) inspect and copy the records of shareholders'
names, addresses,
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and shareholdings during usual business hours on five (5) days' prior written
demand on the corporation, (ii) obtain from the transfer agent of the
corporation, on written demand and on the tender of such transfer agent's usual
charges for such list, a list of the names and addresses of the shareholders who
are entitled to vote for the election of directors, and their shareholdings, as
of the most recent record date for which that list has been compiled or as of a
date specified by the shareholder after the date of demand. Such list shall be
made available to any such shareholder by the transfer agent on or before the
later of five (5) days after the demand is received or five (5) days after the
date specified in the demand as the date as of which the list is to be compiled.
The record of shareholders shall also be open to inspection on
the written demand of any shareholder or holder of a voting trust certificate,
at any time during usual business hours, for a purpose reasonably related to the
holder's interests as a shareholder or as the holder of a voting trust
certificate.
Any inspection and copying under this Section 7.1 may be made in person or
by an agent or attorney of the shareholder or holder of a voting trust
certificate making the demand.
7.2 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF BYLAWS
The corporation shall keep at its principal executive office or, if its
principal executive office is not in the State of California, at its principal
business office in California the original or a copy of these bylaws as amended
to date, which bylaws shall be open to inspection by the shareholders at all
reasonable times during office hours. If the principal executive office of the
corporation is outside the State of California and the corporation has no
principal business office in such state, then the secretary shall, upon the
written request of any shareholder, furnish to that shareholder a copy of these
bylaws as amended to date.
7.3 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF OTHER CORPORATE RECORDS
The accounting books and records and the minutes of proceedings of the
shareholders, of the board of directors, and of any committee or committees of
the board of directors shall be kept at such place or places as are designated
by the board of directors or, in absence of such designation, at the principal
executive office of the corporation. The minutes shall be kept in written form,
and the accounting books and records shall be kept either in written form or in
any other form capable of being converted into written form.
The minutes and accounting books and records shall be open to inspection
upon the written demand of any shareholder or holder of
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a voting trust certificate, at any reasonable time during usual business hours,
for a purpose reasonably related to the holder's interests as a shareholder or
as the holder of a voting trust certificate. The inspection may be made in
person or by an agent or attorney and shall include the right to copy and make
extracts. Such rights of inspection shall extend to the records of each
subsidiary corporation of the corporation.
7.4 INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS
Every director shall have the absolute right at any reasonable time to inspect
all books, records, and documents of every kind as well as the physical
properties of the corporation and each of its subsidiary corporations. Such
inspection by a director may be made in person or by an agent or attorney. The
right of inspection includes the right to copy and make extracts of
documents.
7.5 ANNUAL REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS; WAIVER
The board of directors shall cause an annual report to be sent to the
shareholders not later than one hundred twenty (120) days after the close of the
fiscal year adopted by the corporation. Such report shall be sent at least
fifteen (15) days (or, if sent by third-class mail, thirty-five (35) days)
before the annual meeting of shareholders to be held during the next fiscal year
and in the manner specified in Section 2.5 of these bylaws for giving notice to
shareholders of the corporation.
The annual report shall contain (i) a balance sheet as of the end of the
fiscal year, (ii) an income statement, (iii) a statement of changes in financial
position for the fiscal year, and (iv) any report of independent accountants or,
if there is no such report, the certificate of an authorized officer of the
corporation that the statements were prepared without audit from the books and
records of the corporation.
The foregoing requirement of an annual report shall be waived so long as
the shares of the corporation are held by fewer than one hundred (100) holders
of record.
7.6 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
If no annual report for the fiscal year has been sent to shareholders, then
the corporation shall, upon the written request of any shareholder made more
than one hundred twenty (120) days after the close of such fiscal year, deliver
or mail to the person making the request, within thirty (30) days thereafter, a
copy of a balance sheet as of the end of such fiscal year and an income
statement and statement of changes in financial position for such fiscal year.
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If a shareholder or shareholders holding at least five percent (5%) of the
outstanding shares of any class of stock of the corporation makes a written
request to the corporation for an income statement of the corporation for the
three-month, six-month or nine-month period of the then current fiscal year
ended more than thirty (30) days before the date of the request, and for a
balance sheet of the corporation as of the end of that period, then the chief
financial officer shall cause that statement to be prepared, if not already
prepared, and shall deliver personally or mail that statement or statements to
the person making the request within thirty (30) days after the receipt of the
request. If the corporation has not sent to the shareholders its annual report
for the last fiscal year, the statements referred to in the, first paragraph of
this Section 7.6 shall likewise be delivered or mailed to the shareholder or
shareholders within thirty (30) days after the request.
The quarterly income statements and balance sheets referred to in this
section shall be accompanied by the report, if any, of any independent
accountants engaged by the corporation or by the certificate of an authorized
officer of the corporation that the financial statements were prepared without
audit from the books and records of the corporation.
7.7 REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS
The chairman of the board, the president, any vice president, the chief
financial officer, the secretary or assistant secretary of this corporation, or
any other person authorized by the board of directors or the president or a vice
president, is authorized to vote, represent, and exercise on behalf of this
corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation
or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The authority herein
granted may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person
authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person
having the authority.
ARTICLE VIII
GENERAL MATTERS
8.1 RECORD DATE FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN NOTICE AND VOTING
For purposes of determining the shareholders entitled to receive payment of
any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the
shareholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any other lawful
action (other than action by shareholders by written consent without a meeting),
the board of
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directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty
(60) days before any such action. In that case, only shareholders of record at
the close of business on the date so fixed are entitled to receive the dividend,
distribution or allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may
be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of the corporation
after the record date so fixed, except as otherwise provided in the Code.
If the board of directors does not so fix a record date, then the record
date for determining shareholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of
business on the day on which the board adopts the applicable resolution or the
sixtieth (60th) day before the date of that action, whichever is later.
8.2 CHECKS; DRAFTS; EVIDENCES OF INDEBTEDNESS
From time to time, the board of directors shall determine by resolution
which person or persons may sign or endorse all checks, drafts, other orders for
payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness that are issued in
the name of or payable to the corporation, and only the persons so authorized
shall sign or endorse those instruments.
8.3 CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS: HOW EXECUTED
The board of directors, except as otherwise provided in these bylaws, may
authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any
contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the
corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
Unless so authorized or ratified by the board of directors or within the agency
power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or
authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its
credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.
8.4 CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES
A certificate or certificates for shares of the corporation shall be issued
to each shareholder when any of such shares are fully paid. The board of
directors may authorize the issuance of certificates for shares partly paid
provided that these certificates shall state the total amount of the
consideration to be paid for them and the amount actually paid. All certificates
shall be signed in the name of the corporation by the chairman of the board or
the vice chairman of the board or the president or a vice president and by the
chief financial officer or an assistant treasurer or the secretary or an
assistant secretary, certifying the number of shares and the class or series of
shares owned by the shareholder. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate
may be facsimile.
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In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose
facsimile signature has been placed on a certificate ceases to be that officer,
transfer agent or registrar before that certificate is issued, it may be issued
by the corporation with the same effect as if that person were an officer,
transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
8.5 LOST CERTIFICATES
Except as provided in this Section 8.5, no new certificates for shares
shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is
surrendered to the corporation and canceled at the same time. The board of
directors may, in case any share certificate or certificate for any other
security is lost, stolen or destroyed, authorize the issuance of replacement
certificates on such terms and conditions as the board may require; the board
may require indemnification of the corporation secured by a bond or other
adequate security sufficient to protect the corporation against any claim that
may be made against it, including any expense or liability, on account of the
alleged loss, theft or destruction of the certificate or the issuance of the
replacement certificate.
8.6 TRANSFER OF SECURITIES PURSUANT TO REGULATION S
With respect to any shares of the corporation issued pursuant to the
exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, set forth in Regulation S, as amended, promulgated thereunder, the
corporation shall refuse to register on the corporation's stock registry any
transfer of securities not made in accordance with the provisions of Regulation
S, provided, however, that if the securities are in bearer form or foreign law
prevents the corporation from refusing to register securities transfers, other
reasonable procedures will be implemented to prevent any transfer of the
securities not made in accordance with the provisions of Regulation S.
8.7 CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS
Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of
construction, and definitions in the Code shall govern the construction of these
bylaws. Without limiting the generality of this provision, the singular number
includes the plural, the plural number includes the singular, and the term
"person" includes both a corporation and a natural person.
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ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS
9.1 AMENDMENT BY SHAREHOLDERS
New bylaws may be adopted or these bylaws may be amended or repealed by the
vote or written consent of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares
entitled to vote; provided, however, that if the articles of incorporation of
the corporation set forth the number of authorized directors of the corporation,
then the authorized number of directors may be changed only by an amendment of
the articles of incorporation.
9.2 AMENDMENT BY DIRECTORS
Subject to the rights of the shareholders as provided in Section 9.1 of
these bylaws, bylaws, other than a bylaw or an amendment of a bylaw changing the
authorized number of directors (except to fix the authorized number of directors
pursuant to a bylaw providing for a variable number of directors), may be
adopted, amended or repealed by the board of directors.
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CERTIFICATE OF ADOPTION OF
RESTATED BYLAWS
BY THE SECRETARY
OF
FORECROSS CORPORATION
The undersigned hereby certifies that she is the duly elected, qualified,
and acting Secretary of Forecross Corporation and that the foregoing Bylaws,
comprising twenty-five (25) pages, were adopted as the Bylaws of the corporation
on June 17, 1993 by the Board of Directors of the corporation and on June 17,
1993 by the shareholders of the corporation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his hand and affixed
the corporate seal this 17th day of June, 1993.
/s/ Bernadette C. Castello
-----------------------------
Bernadette C. Castello
Secretary