AMENDED AND RESTATED

                                     BYLAWS
                                       OF
                               OWENS & MINOR, INC.


                                    ARTICLE I

                            Meetings of Shareholders


            1.1 Places of Meetings.  All meetings of the  shareholders  shall be
held at such place,  either within or without the  Commonwealth of Virginia,  as
from time to time may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

            1.2 Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the shareholders, for the
election of Directors and  transaction of such other business as may come before
the meeting, shall be held in each year on the fourth Tuesday in April, at 11:00
a.m.,  or on such other  business  day that is not earlier than the first day of
March and not later than the last day of April,  or at such other time, as shall
be fixed by the Board of Directors.

            1.3 Special Meetings.  A special meeting of the shareholders for any
purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board,  the
President,  or by a majority of the Board of Directors.  At a special meeting no
business shall be transacted  and no corporate  action shall be taken other than
that stated in the notice of the meeting.

            1.4 Notice of Meetings. Written or printed notice stating the place,
day and hour of every  meeting  of the  shareholders  and,  in case of a special
meeting,  the  purpose or  purposes  for which the  meeting is called,  shall be
mailed not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting
to each  shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting,  at his address
which  appears in the share  transfer  books of the  Corporation.  Such  further
notice  shall be given  as may be  required  by law,  but  meetings  may be held
without  notice if all the  shareholders  entitled  to vote at the  meeting  are
present  in person or by proxy or if  notice is waived in  writing  by those not
present, either before or after the meeting.

            1.5 Quorum.  Any number of shareholders  together holding at least a
majority  of the  outstanding  shares of  capital  stock  entitled  to vote with
respect  to the  business  to be  transacted,  who shall be present in person or
represented by proxy at any meeting duly called,  shall  constitute a quorum for
the transaction of business. If less than a quorum shall be in attendance at the
time for which a meeting  shall have been  called,  the meeting may be adjourned
from time to time by a majority of the  shareholders  present or  represented by
proxy without notice other than by announcement at the meeting.




            1.6 Voting. At any meeting of the shareholders each shareholder of a
class entitled to vote on any matter coming before the meeting shall, as to such
matter, have one vote, in person or by proxy, for each share of capital stock of
such class standing in his name on the books of the Corporation on the date, not
more than seventy days prior to such meeting, fixed by the Board of Directors as
the record date for the purpose of  determining  shareholders  entitled to vote.
Every proxy shall be in writing, dated and signed by the shareholder entitled to
vote or his duly authorized attorney-in-fact.

            1.7 Inspectors. An appropriate number of inspectors for any meeting
of shareholders may be appointed by the Chairman of such meeting. Inspectors so
appointed will open and close the polls, will receive and take charge of proxies
and ballots, and will decide all questions as to the qualifications of voters,
validity of proxies and ballots, and the number of votes properly cast.

            1.8 Nomination by Shareholders. Subject to any rights of holders of
shares of the Preferred Stock of the Corporation, nominations for the election
of directors shall be made by the Board of Directors or by any shareholder
entitled to vote in elections of directors. However, any shareholder entitled to
vote in the election of directors may nominate one or more persons for election
as directors only at an annual meeting and if written notice of such
shareholders' intent to make such nomination or nominations has been given,
either by personal delivery or by United States registered or certified mail,
postage prepaid, to the Secretary of the Corporation not later than 90 days
before the anniversary of the date of the first mailing of the Corporation's
proxy statement for the immediately preceding year's annual meeting. In no event
shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual
meeting or the fact that an annual meeting is held after the anniversary of the
preceding annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a
shareholder's notice as described above. Each notice shall set forth (i) the
name and address of record of the shareholder who intends to make the
nomination, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made
and of the person or persons to be nominated, (ii) the class and number of
shares of the Corporation that are owned by the shareholder and such beneficial
owners, (iii) a representation that the shareholder is a holder of record of
shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear
in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified
in the notice, (iv) a description of all arrangements, understandings or
relationships between the shareholder and each nominee and any other person or
person (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or
nominations are to be made by the shareholder, and such other information
regarding each nominee proposed by such shareholder as would be required to be
disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election
contest, or is otherwise required to be disclosed, pursuant to the proxy rules
of the Securities and Exchange Commission, had the nominee been nominated, or
intended to be nominated, by the Board of Directors, and shall include a consent
signed by each such nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation it so
elected. In the event that a shareholder attempts to nominate any person without
complying with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.8, such person shall
not be nominated and shall not stand for election at such meeting. The Chairman


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of the Board of Directors shall have the power and duty to determine whether a
nomination proposed to be brought before the meeting was made in accordance with
the procedures set forth in this Section 1.8 and, if any proposed nomination is
not in compliance with this Section 1.8, to declare that such defective proposal
shall be disregarded.

            1.9 Business Proposed by a Shareholder. To be properly brought
before a meeting of shareholders, business must be (i) specified in the notice
of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board
of Directors, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors or (iii) otherwise properly brought before
an annual meeting by a shareholder. In addition to any other applicable
requirements, for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a
shareholder, the shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to
the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a shareholder's notice must be
given, either by personal delivery or by United States registered or certified
mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary of the Corporation not later than 90
days before the anniversary of the date of the first mailing of the
Corporation's proxy statement for the immediately preceding year's annual
meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or
postponement of an annual meeting or the fact that an annual meeting is held
after the anniversary of the preceding annual meeting commence a new time period
for the giving of a shareholder's notice as described above. A shareholder's
notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the shareholder
proposes to bring before the meeting (i) a brief description of the business
desired to be brought before the meeting, including the complete text of any
resolutions to be presented at the meeting with respect to such business, and
the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting, (ii) the name and
address of record of the shareholder proposing such business and the beneficial
owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (iii) the class and number
of shares of the Corporation that are owned by the shareholder and such
beneficial owner and (iv) any material interest of the shareholder and such
beneficial owner, in such business. In the event that a shareholder attempts to
bring business before a meeting without complying with the procedures set forth
in this Section 1.9, such business shall not be transacted at such meeting. The
Chairman of the Board of Directors shall have the power and duty to determine
whether any proposal to bring business before the meeting was made in accordance
with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.9 and, if any business is not
proposed in compliance with this Section 1.9, to declare that such defective
proposal shall be disregarded and that such proposed business shall not be
transacted at such meeting.


                                   ARTICLE II

                                    Directors


            2.1  General  Powers.  The  property,  affairs  and  business of the
Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors, and,
except as otherwise  expressly provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation or
these  Bylaws,  all of the  powers  of the  Corporation  shall be vested in such
Board.



                                       3


            2.2 Number of Directors.  The number of Directors  constituting  the
Board of Directors  shall be ten (10). The Directors shall be divided into three
(3) classes, each class to be as nearly equal in number as possible.

            2.3      Election and Removal of Directors; Quorum.

                     (a) At each annual meeting of shareholders, (i) the number
of Directors equal to the number in the class whose term expires at the time of
such meeting shall be elected to hold office until the third succeeding annual
meeting and until their successors are elected, and (ii) any other vacancies
then existing shall be filled.

                     (b) Any Director may be removed from office at a meeting
called expressly for that purpose by the vote of shareholders holding not less
than a majority of the shares entitled to vote at an election of Directors.

                     (c) Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors may be
filled by the affirmative vote of the majority of the remaining Directors though
less than a quorum of the Board, and the term of office of any Director so
elected shall expire at the next shareholders' meeting at which directors are
elected.

                     (d) A majority of the number of Directors fixed by these
Bylaws shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The act of a
majority of Directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be
the act of the Board of Directors. Less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting.

            2.4  Meetings  of  Directors.  An  annual  meeting  of the  Board of
Directors  shall be held as soon as  practicable  after the  adjournment  of the
annual meeting of shareholders  at such place as the Board may designate.  Other
meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at places within or without the
Commonwealth  of Virginia and at times fixed by resolution of the Board, or upon
call of the Chairman of the Board, the President or a majority of the Directors.
The Secretary or officer  performing the Secretary's  duties shall give not less
than twenty-four hours' notice by letter,  telegraph or telephone (or in person)
of all  meetings  of the Board of  Directors,  provided  that notice need not be
given of the  annual  meeting or of  regular  meetings  held at times and places
fixed by  resolution  of the  Board.  Meetings  may be held at any time  without
notice if all of the Directors are present, or if those not present waive notice
in writing  either  before or after the  meeting.  The notice of meetings of the
Board need not state the purpose of the meeting.



                                       4


            2.5  Compensation.  By  resolution  of the Board,  Directors  may be
allowed a fee and expenses for  attendance at all meetings,  but nothing  herein
shall preclude  Directors from serving the  Corporation in other  capacities and
receiving compensation for such other services.

            2.6  Eligibility  for  Service  as a  Director.  No person  shall be
elected or reelected as a Director if at the time of such  proposed  election or
re-election such person shall have attained the age of 75 years. No person shall
serve as a Director after the annual meeting  following his or her seventy-fifth
(75th)  birthday;  provided that the provisions of this sentence shall not apply
to any person  elected as a director  for a term  beginning  prior to January 1,
1993, during such term.

            2.7 Director Emeritus.  The Board of Directors may from time to time
elect one or more Directors Emeritus. A Director Emeritus may be named "Chairman
Emeritus"  or "Vice  Chairman  Emeritus"  if such  person  holds  the  office of
Chairman or Vice Chairman of the  Corporation or any of its  subsidiaries at the
time of  retirement  as a Director  thereof.  Each  Director  Emeritus  shall be
elected for a term expiring on the date of the next annual meeting of the Board.
Directors  Emeritus may attend  meetings of the Board of Directors but shall not
be entitled to vote at such meetings and shall not be considered "directors" for
purposes  of these  Bylaws or for any other  purpose,  except that they shall be
entitled to receive  notice of all regular and special  meetings of the Board of
Directors.  Each Director Emeritus shall be paid the same fees as members of the
Board of Directors for attendance at Board meetings.


                                   ARTICLE III

                                   Committees.


            3.1  Executive  Committee.  The Board of  Directors,  by  resolution
adopted by a majority  of the number of  Directors  fixed by these  Bylaws,  may
elect  an  Executive  Committee  which  shall  consist  of not less  than  three
Directors,  including  the  President.  When the  Board of  Directors  is not in
session,  the  Executive  Committee  shall have all power vested in the Board of
Directors by law, by the Articles of Incorporation, or by these Bylaws, provided
that the Executive Committee shall not have power to (i) approve or recommend to
shareholders  action that the  Virginia  Stock  Corporation  Act  requires to be
approved  by  shareholders;  (ii) fill  vacancies  on the Board or on any of its
committees; (iii) amend the Articles of Incorporation pursuant to ss.13.1-706 of
the Virginia Code; (iv) adopt,  amend, or repeal the Bylaws;  (v) approve a plan
of merger  not  requiring  shareholder  approval;  (vi)  authorize  or approve a
distribution,  except according to a general formula or method prescribed by the
Board of  Directors;  or (vii)  authorize  or approve  the  issuance  or sale or
contract for sale of shares,  or determine the designation and relative  rights,
preferences,  and limitations of a class or series of shares,  other than within
limits  specifically  prescribed  by  the  Board  of  Directors.  The  Executive
Committee  shall report at the next  regular or special  meeting of the Board of
Directors  all action that the  Executive  Committee may have taken on behalf of
the Board since the last regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors.



                                       5


            3.2 Other Committees.  The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted
by a majority of the number of Directors  fixed by these  Bylaws,  may establish
such other standing or special committees of the Board as it may deem advisable,
consisting of not less than two Directors;  and the members, terms and authority
of such  committees  shall be as set forth in the resolutions  establishing  the
same.

            3.3  Meetings.   Regular  and  special  meetings  of  any  Committee
established  pursuant to this Article may be called and held subject to the same
requirements  with respect to time,  place and notice as are  specified in these
Bylaws for regular and special meetings of the Board of Directors.

            3.4 Quorum and Manner of Acting. A majority of the number of members
of any Committee  shall  constitute a quorum for the  transaction of business at
such meeting.  The action of a majority of those members  present at a Committee
meeting at which a quorum is present shall constitute the act of the Committee.

            3.5 Term of  Office.  Members of any  Committee  shall be elected as
above  provided and shall hold office until their  successors are elected by the
Board  of  Directors  or until  such  Committee  is  dissolved  by the  Board of
Directors.


            3.6 Resignation and Removal. Any member of a Committee may resign at
any time by giving  written notice of his intention to do so to the President or
the Secretary of the Corporation,  or may be removed,  with or without cause, at
any  time by such  vote of the  Board of  Directors  as  would  suffice  for his
election.

            3.7 Vacancies.  Any vacancy occurring in a Committee  resulting from
any cause whatever may be filled by a majority of the number of Directors  fixed
by these Bylaws.


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                                   ARTICLE IV

                                    Officers


            4.1 Election of  Officers:  Terms.  The officers of the  Corporation
shall  consist of a  President,  a Secretary  and a Treasurer.  Other  officers,
including a Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice Presidents  (whose seniority
and titles, including Executive Vice Presidents and Senior Vice Presidents,  may
be specified by the Board of Directors), and assistant and subordinate officers,
may from time to time be elected by the Board of Directors.  All officers  shall
hold office until the next annual  meeting of the Board of  Directors  and until
their  successors  are  elected.  The  President  shall be chosen from among the
Directors.  Any two  officers may be combined in the same person as the Board of
Directors may determine.

            4.2 Removal of Officers:  Vacancies.  Any officer of the Corporation
may be removed  summarily  with or without  cause,  at any time, by the Board of
Directors. Vacancies may be filled by the Board of Directors.

            4.3 Duties.  The officers of the Corporation  shall have such duties
as generally pertain to their offices,  respectively, as well as such powers and
duties as are prescribed by law or are  hereinafter  provided or as from time to
time shall be conferred by the Board of  Directors.  The Board of Directors  may
require any officer to give such bond for the faithful performance of his duties
as the Board may see fit.

            4.4  Duties  of the  President.  The  President  shall be the  chief
executive officer of the Corporation and shall be primarily  responsible for the
implementation  of policies of the Board of Directors.  He shall have  authority
over the general  management and direction of the business and operations of the
Corporation and its divisions, if any, subject only to the ultimate authority of
the Board of Directors. He shall be a Director and, except as otherwise provided
in these Bylaws or in the resolutions establishing such committees,  he shall be
ex  officer a member of all  Committees  of the  Board.  In the  absence  of the
Chairman and the  Vice-Chairman  of the Board, or if there are no such officers,
the President shall preside at all corporate  meetings.  He may sign and execute
in the name of the Corporation  share  certificates,  deeds,  mortgages,  bonds,
contracts  or other  instruments  except  in cases  where  the  signing  and the
execution  thereof  shall be  expressly  delegated by these Bylaws to some other
officer or agent of the  Corporation or shall be required by law otherwise to be
signed or executed.  In addition,  he shall  perform all duties  incident to the
office  of the  President  and such  other  duties  as from  time to time may be
assigned to him by the Board of Directors.

            4.5 Duties of the Vice  Presidents.  Each Vice President (which term
includes any Senior  Executive  Vice  President,  Executive  Vice  President and
Senior Vice  President),  if any,  shall have such powers and duties as may from
time to time be assigned to him by the President or the Board of Directors.  Any
Vice  President  may sign and  execute  in the  name of the  Corporation  deeds,
mortgages,  bonds,  contracts or other  instruments  authorized  by the Board of


                                       7


Directors,  except where the signing and  execution of such  documents  shall be
expressly  delegated by the Board of  Directors  or the  President to some other
officer or agent of the  Corporation or shall be required by law or otherwise to
be signed or executed.

            4.6 Duties of the Treasurer.  The Treasurer shall have charge of and
be responsible  for all funds,  securities,  receipts and  disbursements  of the
Corporation,  and shall deposit all monies and securities of the  Corporation in
such banks and depositories as shall be designated by the Board of Directors. He
shall be responsible (i) for maintaining adequate financial accounts and records
in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  practices;  (ii)  for the
preparation of appropriate operating budgets and financial statements; (iii) for
the preparation and filing of all tax returns  required by law; and (iv) for the
performance  of all duties  incident to the office of  Treasurer  and such other
duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of  Directors or
the President. The Treasurer may sign and execute in the name of the Corporation
share certificates,  deeds,  mortgages,  bonds,  contracts or other instruments,
except in cases where the signing and the  execution  thereof shall be expressly
delegated by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other  officer or
agent of the  Corporation  or shall be required by law or otherwise to be signed
or executed.

            4.7 Duties of the Secretary. The Secretary shall act as secretary of
all meetings of the Board of Directors and shareholders of the Corporation. When
requested,  he shall also act as secretary of the meetings of the  committees of
the Board.  He shall keep and  preserve  the  minutes  of all such  meetings  in
permanent  books.  He shall  see that all  notices  required  to be given by the
Corporation  are duly given and  served;  shall have  custody of the seal of the
Corporation  and shall affix the seal or cause it to be affixed by  facsimile or
otherwise to all share  certificates of the Corporation and to all documents the
execution  of which on behalf of the  Corporation  under its  corporate  seal is
required in accordance  with law or the  provisions of these Bylaws;  shall have
custody of all deeds, leases, contracts and other important corporate documents;
shall have charge of the books,  records and papers of the Corporation  relating
to its organization and management as a Corporation; shall see that all reports,
statements and other documents required by law (except tax returns) are properly
filed;  and shall in general  perform  all the duties  incident to the office of
Secretary  and such other  duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by
the Board of Directors or the President.

            4.8 Compensation. The Board of Directors shall have authority to fix
the compensation of all officers of the Corporation.




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                                    ARTICLE V

                                  Capital Stock

            5.1  Certificates.  The shares of capital  stock of the  Corporation
shall be evidenced by certificates in forms prescribed by the Board of Directors
and executed in any manner  permitted by law and stating thereon the information
required by law.  Transfer  agents and/or  registrars for one or more classes of
shares of the  Corporation may be appointed by the Board of Directors and may be
required  to  countersign  certificates  representing  shares  of such  class or
classes.  If any officer  whose  signature or facsimile  thereof shall have been
used on a share  certificate  shall for any reason cease to be an officer of the
Corporation  and such  certificate  shall not then have  been  delivered  by the
Corporation,  the Board of Directors may nevertheless adopt such certificate and
it may then be issued and  delivered  as though such person had not ceased to be
an officer of the Corporation.

            5.2 Lost,  Destroyed  and  Mutilated  Certificates.  Holders  of the
shares of the Corporation shall immediately  notify the Corporation of any loss,
destruction  or  mutilation  of the  certificate  therefor,  and  the  Board  of
Directors may in its discretion  cause one or more new certificates for the same
number of  shares in the  aggregate  to be issued to such  shareholder  upon the
surrender of the mutilated  certificate or upon satisfactory  proof of such loss
or destruction,  and the deposit of a bond in such form and amount and with such
surety as the Board of Directors may require.

            5.3  Transfer  of  Shares.  The shares of the  Corporation  shall be
transferable or assignable only on the books of the Corporation by the holder in
person or by  attorney  on  surrender  of the  certificate  for such shares duly
endorsed and, if sought to be transferred by attorney,  accompanied by a written
power of attorney to have the same  transferred on the books of the Corporation.
The  Corporation  will  recognize,  however,  the exclusive  right of the person
registered  on its books as the owner of shares to  receive  dividends  or other
distributions and to vote as such owner. To the extent that any provision of the
Amended and Restated  Rights  Agreement  between the Corporation and Bank of New
York, as Rights  Agent,  dated as of February 9, 1998, is deemed to constitute a
restriction  on the transfer of any  securities of the  Corporation,  including,
without limitation,  the Rights, as defined therein,  such restriction is hereby
authorized by these Bylaws.

            5.4 Fixing Record Date. For the purpose of determining  shareholders
entitled  to  notice  of or to  vote  at  any  meeting  of  shareholders  or any
adjournment  thereof,  or entitled to receive  payment of any  dividend or other
distribution,  or in order to make a determination of shareholders for any other
proper  purpose,  the Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as the record
date for any such determination of shareholders, such date in any case to be not
more  than  seventy  days  prior  to the date on which  the  particular  action,
requiring such determination of shareholders,  is to be taken. If no record date
is fixed for the determination of shareholders  entitled to notice of or to vote
at a meeting of shareholders,  or shareholders  entitled to receive payment of a
dividend  or other  distribution,  the date on which  notices of the meeting are


                                       9


mailed or the date on which the  resolution of the Board of Directors  declaring
such dividend or other distribution is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the
record date for such  determination  of  shareholders.  When a determination  of
shareholders  entitled to vote at any meeting of  shareholders  has been made as
provided in this  section,  such  determination  shall apply to any  adjournment
thereof unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date, which it shall do
if the  meeting is  adjourned  to a date more than 120 days after the date fixed
for the original meeting.


         5.5 Control  Share  Acquisition  Statute.  Article 14.1 of the Virginia
Stock Corporation Act shall not apply to acquisitions of shares of capital stock
of the Corporation.


                                   ARTICLE VI

                            Miscellaneous Provisions


            6.1 Seal.  The seal of the  Corporation  shall consist of a circular
design  with the words  "Owens & Minor,  Inc."  around the top  margin  thereof,
"Richmond,  Virginia" around the lower margin thereof and the word "Seal" in the
center thereof.

            6.2 Fiscal  Year.  The fiscal year of the  Corporation  shall end on
such date and shall  consist of such  accounting  periods as may be fixed by the
Board of Directors.

            6.3 Checks, Notes and Drafts. Checks, notes, drafts and other orders
for the  payment  of money  shall be  signed  by such  persons  as the  Board of
Directors  from  time to time may  authorize.  When the  Board of  Directors  so
authorizes, however, the signature of any such person may be a facsimile.

            6.4  Amendment  of Bylaws.  Unless  proscribed  by the  Articles  of
Incorporation,  these  Bylaws may be  amended  or altered at any  meeting of the
Board of Directors by affirmative  vote of a majority of the number of Directors
fixed by these  Bylaws.  The  shareholders  entitled  to vote in  respect of the
election of Directors, however, shall have the power to rescind, amend, alter or
repeal any Bylaws and to enact Bylaws which,  if expressly so provided,  may not
be amended, altered or repealed by the Board of Directors.

            6.5 Voting of Shares Held.  Unless otherwise  provided by resolution
of the Board of Directors or of the Executive  Committee,  if any, the President
may cast the vote which the Corporation may be entitled to cast as a shareholder
or otherwise in any other  corporation,  any of whose  securities may be held by
the Corporation, at meetings of the holders of the shares or other securities of
such other corporation, or to consent in writing to any action by any such other


                                       10


corporation,  or in lieu  thereof,  from time to time  appoint  an  attorney  or
attorneys  or agent or agents of the  Corporation,  in the name and on behalf of
the Corporation,  to cast such votes or give such consents.  The President shall
instruct  any person or persons so  appointed  as to the manner of casting  such
votes or giving such consent and may execute or cause to be executed

on behalf of the  Corporation,  and under its corporate seal or otherwise,  such
written proxies,  consents,  waivers or other instruments as may be necessary or
proper.

                                   ARTICLE VII

                                Emergency Bylaws


            7.1 The  Emergency  Bylaws  provided  in this  Article  VII shall be
operative during any emergency,  notwithstanding  any different provision in the
preceding  Articles of these Bylaws or in the Articles of  Incorporation  of the
Corporation  or  in  the  Virginia  Stock  Corporation  Act  (other  than  those
provisions relating to emergency bylaws). An emergency exists if a quorum of the
Corporation's  Board of Directors  cannot  readily be assembled  because of some
catastrophic  event. To the extent not inconsistent with these Emergency Bylaws,
the Bylaws provided in the preceding Articles shall remain in effect during such
emergency and upon the termination of such emergency the Emergency  Bylaws shall
cease to be operative unless and until another such emergency shall occur.

            7.2      During any such emergency:

                     (a) Any meeting of the Board of Directors may be called by
any officer of the Corporation or by any Director. The notice thereof shall
specify the time and place of the meeting. To the extent feasible, notice shall
be given in accord with Section 2.4 above, but notice may be given only to such
of the Directors as it may be feasible to reach at the time, by such means as
may be feasible at the time, including publication or radio, and at a time less
than twenty-four hours before the meeting if deemed necessary by the person
giving notice. Notice shall be similarly given, to the extent feasible, to the
other persons referred to in (b) below.

                     (b) At any meeting of the Board of Directors, a quorum
shall consist of a majority of the number of Directors fixed at the time by
these Bylaws. If the Directors present at any particular meeting shall be fewer
than the number required for such quorum, other persons present as referred to
below, to the number necessary to make up such quorum, shall be deemed Directors
for such particular meeting as determined by the following provisions and in the
following order of priority:

                             (i) Vice-Presidents not already serving as
Directors, in the order of their seniority of first election to such offices, or
if two or more shall have been first elected to such offices on the same day, in
the order of their seniority in age;



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                             (ii) All other officers of the Corporation in the
order of their seniority of first election to such offices, or if two or more
shall have been first elected to such offices on the same day, in the order of
their seniority in age; and


                             (iii) Any other persons that are designated on a
list that shall have been approved by the Board of Directors before the
emergency, such persons to be taken in such order of priority and subject to
such conditions as may be provided in the resolution approving the list.

                     (c) The Board of Directors, during as well as before any
such emergency, may provide, and from time to time modify, lines of succession
in the event that during such an emergency any or all officers or agents of the
Corporation shall for any reason be rendered incapable of discharging their
duties.

                     (d) The Board of Directors, during as well as before any
such emergency, may, effective in the emergency, change the principal office, or
designate several alternative offices, or authorize the officers so to do.

            7.3 No  officer,  Director  or  employee  shall be liable for action
taken in good faith in accordance with these Emergency Bylaws.

            7.4 These  Emergency  Bylaws shall be subject to repeal or change by
further  action of the  Board of  Directors  or by  action of the  shareholders,
except that no such repeal or change  shall  modify the  provisions  of the next
preceding  paragraph with regard to action or inaction prior to the time of such
repeal or change.  Any such  amendment  of these  Emergency  Bylaws may make any
further or different  provision  that may be  practical  and  necessary  for the
circumstances of the emergency.





Amended 10/26/98

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