Exhibit 3 (ii)

                              AMENDED AND RESTATED

                                     BYLAWS
                                       OF
                               OWENS & MINOR, INC.


                                    ARTICLE I

                            Meetings of Shareholders


        1.1 Places of Meetings.  All meetings of the shareholders  shall be held
at such place,  either within or without the  Commonwealth of Virginia,  as from
time to time may be fixed by the Board of Directors.

        1.2 Annual  Meetings.  The annual meeting of the  shareholders,  for the
election of Directors and  transaction of such other business as may come before
the meeting, shall be held in each year on the fourth Tuesday in April, at 11:00
a.m.,  or on such other  business  day that is not earlier than the first day of
March and not later than the last day of April,  or at such other time, as shall
be fixed by the Board of Directors.

        1.3 Special  Meetings.  A special  meeting of the  shareholders  for any
purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board,  the
Chief  Executive  Officer,  or by a  majority  of the Board of  Directors.  At a
special meeting no business shall be transacted and no corporate action shall be
taken other than that stated in the notice of the meeting.

        1.4 Notice of Meetings. Written or printed notice stating the place, day
and hour of every meeting of the shareholders and, in case of a special meeting,
the  purpose or purposes  for which the  meeting is called,  shall be mailed not
less than ten nor more than  sixty days  before the date of the  meeting to each
shareholder  of record  entitled to vote at such  meeting,  at his address which
appears in the share  transfer  books of the  Corporation.  Such further  notice
shall be given as may be  required  by law,  but  meetings  may be held  without
notice if all the  shareholders  entitled  to vote at the meeting are present in
person  or by proxy or if notice is  waived  in  writing  by those not  present,
either before or after the meeting.

        1.5  Quorum.  Any  number of  shareholders  together  holding at least a
majority  of the  outstanding  shares of  capital  stock  entitled  to vote with
respect  to the  business  to be  transacted,  who shall be present in person or
represented by proxy at any meeting duly called,  shall  constitute a quorum for
the transaction of business. If less than a quorum shall be in attendance at the
time for which a meeting  shall have been  called,  the meeting may be adjourned
from time to time by a majority of the  shareholders  present or  represented by
proxy without notice other than by announcement at the meeting.



        1.6 Voting.  At any meeting of the  shareholders  each  shareholder of a
class entitled to vote on any matter coming before the meeting shall, as to such
matter, have one vote, in person or by proxy, for each share of capital stock of
such class standing in his name on the books of the Corporation on the date, not
more than seventy days prior to such meeting, fixed by the Board of Directors as
the record date for the purpose of  determining  shareholders  entitled to vote.
Every proxy shall be in writing, dated and signed by the shareholder entitled to
vote or his duly authorized attorney-in-fact.

      1.7  Inspectors.  An  appropriate  number of inspectors for any meeting of
 shareholders  may be appointed by the Chairman of such  meeting.  Inspectors so
 appointed  will open and close  the  polls,  will  receive  and take  charge of
 proxies and ballots,  and will decide all questions as to the qualifications of
 voters, validity of proxies and ballots, and the number of votes properly cast.

      1.8 Nomination by Shareholders. Subject to any rights of holders of shares
of the  Preferred  Stock of the  Corporation,  nominations  for the  election of
directors shall be made by the Board of Directors or by any shareholder entitled
to vote in elections of directors.  However, any shareholder entitled to vote in
the  election of  directors  may  nominate  one or more  persons for election as
directors only at an annual meeting and if written notice of such  shareholders'
intent to make such nomination or nominations has been given, either by personal
delivery or by United States registered or certified mail,  postage prepaid,  to
the Secretary of the  Corporation  not later than 90 days before the anniversary
of the date of the first mailing of the  Corporation's  proxy  statement for the
immediately  preceding  year's  annual  meeting.  In no event  shall the  public
announcement  of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the fact
that an annual  meeting is held after the  anniversary  of the preceding  annual
meeting  commence a new time period for the giving of a shareholder's  notice as
described above.  Each notice shall set forth (i) the name and address of record
of the shareholder who intends to make the nomination,  the beneficial owner, if
any, on whose behalf the  nomination  is made and of the person or persons to be
nominated, (ii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation that are owned
by the shareholder and such beneficial owners,  (iii) a representation  that the
shareholder is a holder of record of shares of the Corporation  entitled to vote
at such  meeting  and  intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to
nominate the person or persons  specified in the notice,  (iv) a description  of
all arrangements,  understandings  or relationships  between the shareholder and
each  nominee  and any other  person or person  (naming  such person or persons)
pursuant  to  which  the  nomination  or  nominations  are  to be  made  by  the
shareholder,  and such other information regarding each nominee proposed by such
shareholder as would be required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for
election of directors  in an election  contest,  or is otherwise  required to be
disclosed,   pursuant  to  the  proxy  rules  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange
Commission,  had the nominee been nominated, or intended to be nominated, by the
Board of Directors,  and shall include a consent  signed by each such nominee to
serve as a  director  of the  Corporation  it so  elected.  In the event  that a
shareholder   attempts  to  nominate  any  person  without  complying  with  the
procedures set forth in this Section 1.8, such person shall not be nominated and
shall not stand for  election  at such  meeting.  The  Chairman  of the Board of
Directors  shall  have the power  and duty to  determine  whether  a  nomination
proposed



to be brought before the meeting was made in accordance  with the procedures set
forth in this Section 1.8 and, if any proposed  nomination  is not in compliance
with this  Section  1.8,  to  declare  that  such  defective  proposal  shall be
disregarded.

      1.9 Business  Proposed by a Shareholder.  To be properly  brought before a
meeting of shareholders, business must be (i) specified in the notice of meeting
(or any  supplement  thereto)  given  by or at the  direction  of the  Board  of
Directors,  (ii)  otherwise  properly  brought  before the  meeting by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors or (iii) otherwise  properly  brought before
an  annual  meeting  by a  shareholder.  In  addition  to any  other  applicable
requirements,  for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a
shareholder, the shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to
the Secretary of the Corporation.  To be timely, a shareholder's  notice must be
given,  either by personal  delivery or by United States registered or certified
mail,  postage  prepaid,  to the Secretary of the  Corporation not later than 90
days  before  the   anniversary  of  the  date  of  the  first  mailing  of  the
Corporation's  proxy  statement  for the  immediately  preceding  year's  annual
meeting.  In no  event  shall  the  public  announcement  of an  adjournment  or
postponement  of an annual  meeting  or the fact that an annual  meeting is held
after the anniversary of the preceding annual meeting commence a new time period
for the giving of a  shareholder's  notice as described  above. A  shareholder's
notice  to the  Secretary  shall  set forth as to each  matter  the  shareholder
proposes to bring  before the meeting (i) a brief  description  of the  business
desired to be brought  before the meeting,  including  the complete  text of any
resolutions  to be presented at the meeting with respect to such  business,  and
the reasons for  conducting  such  business  at the  meeting,  (ii) the name and
address of record of the shareholder  proposing such business and the beneficial
owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made,  (iii) the class and number
of  shares  of the  Corporation  that  are  owned  by the  shareholder  and such
beneficial  owner and (iv) any  material  interest of the  shareholder  and such
beneficial owner, in such business.  In the event that a shareholder attempts to
bring business before a meeting without  complying with the procedures set forth
in this Section 1.9, such business shall not be transacted at such meeting.  The
Chairman of the Board of  Directors  shall have the power and duty to  determine
whether any proposal to bring business before the meeting was made in accordance
with the  procedures  set forth in this  Section 1.9 and, if any business is not
proposed in  compliance  with this Section  1.9, to declare that such  defective
proposal  shall be  disregarded  and that such  proposed  business  shall not be
transacted at such meeting.

                                   ARTICLE II

                                    Directors


        2.1  General  Powers.   The  property,   affairs  and  business  of  the
Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors, and,
except as otherwise  expressly provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation or
these  Bylaws,  all of the  powers  of the  Corporation  shall be vested in such
Board.



        2.2 Number of Directors.  The number of Directors constituting the Board
of Directors  shall be ten (10).  The Directors  shall be divided into three (3)
classes, each class to be as nearly equal in number as possible.

        2.3 Election and Removal of Directors; Quorum.

              (a) At each  annual  meeting  of  shareholders,  (i) the number of
Directors  equal to the number in the class  whose  term  expires at the time of
such meeting shall be elected to hold office until the third  succeeding  annual
meeting and until their  successors  are elected,  and (ii) any other  vacancies
then existing shall be filled.

              (b) Any Director  may be removed  from office at a meeting  called
expressly for that purpose by the vote of  shareholders  holding not less than a
majority of the shares entitled to vote at an election of Directors.

              (c) Any vacancy  occurring in the Board of Directors may be filled
by the affirmative  vote of the majority of the remaining  Directors though less
than a quorum of the Board,  and  the term of office of any  Director so elected
shall  expire at the next shareholders' meeting at which directors are elected.

              (d) A majority of the number of  Directors  fixed by these  Bylaws
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The act of a majority
of Directors  present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act
of the Board of Directors. Less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting.

        2.4 Meetings of Directors.  An annual  meeting of the Board of Directors
shall be held as soon as practicable after the adjournment of the annual meeting
of shareholders at such place as the Board may designate.  Other meetings of the
Board of Directors shall be held at places within or without the Commonwealth of
Virginia  and at times  fixed by  resolution  of the Board,  or upon call of the
Chairman  of the  Board,  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  or a  majority  of the
Directors. The Secretary or officer performing the Secretary's duties shall give
not less than twenty-four hours' notice by letter, telegraph or telephone (or in
person) of all meetings of the Board of Directors, provided that notice need not
be given of the annual  meeting or of regular  meetings held at times and places
fixed by  resolution  of the  Board.  Meetings  may be held at any time  without
notice if all of the Directors are present, or if those not present waive notice
in writing  either  before or after the  meeting.  The notice of meetings of the
Board need not state the purpose of the meeting.

        2.5 Compensation. By resolution of the Board, Directors may be allowed a
fee and  expenses  for  attendance  at all  meetings,  but nothing  herein shall
preclude  Directors  from  serving  the  Corporation  in  other  capacities  and
receiving compensation for such other services.



      2.6 Eligibility for Service as a Director. Except for any present Director
who is more  than 65 years of age on  December  14,  1998,  no  person  shall be
appointed  or be  eligible  for  election  to  the  Board  of  Directors  of the
Corporation  if such  person,  at the  time of the  prospective  appointment  or
election,  is then  more than 67 years of age (so that no such  person  shall be
more than 70 years of age at the  expiration of his or her term as a Director of
the  Corporation).  Any  present  Director  who is more  than 65 years of age on
December  14, 1998 shall not be  appointed  or be eligible  for  election to the
Board  if  such  Director  is  more  than  72  years  of age at the  time of the
prospective appointment or election (so that no such Director shall be more than
75  years  of age at the  expiration  of his or her  term as a  Director  of the
Corporation).

      2.7 Director Emeritus.  The Board of Directors may from time to time elect
one or more  former  directors  as  Directors  Emeriti.  Election  as a Director
Emeritus shall be in recognition  of  contributions  during his or her tenure on
the Board of Directors and in appreciation  for loyal and dedicated  service.  A
Director  Emeritus  shall be elected for a term expiring on the date of the next
annual  meeting of the Board and will be  recognized  at the annual  meeting.  A
Director Emeritus is an honorary  non-compensated  position and not considered a
"Director"  or Section 16 Insider for the  purposes  of these  bylaws or for any
other  purpose.  Therefore,  Director  Emeriti  shall attend Board  meetings and
participate in other Board events only at the invitation of the Chairman.



                                   ARTICLE III

                                   Committees.


        3.1 Executive Committee.  The Board of Directors,  by resolution adopted
by a majority of the number of  Directors  fixed by these  Bylaws,  may elect an
Executive  Committee  which  shall  consist  of not less than  three  Directors,
including the Chief Executive  Officer (if the Chief Executive Officer is also a
Director).  When  the  Board  of  Directors  is not in  session,  the  Executive
Committee  shall have all power  vested in the Board of Directors by law, by the
Articles of  Incorporation,  or by these  Bylaws,  provided  that the  Executive
Committee  shall not have power to (i)  approve  or  recommend  to  shareholders
action  that the  Virginia  Stock  Corporation  Act  requires  to be approved by
shareholders;  (ii) fill  vacancies  on the  Board or on any of its  committees;
(iii)  amend the  Articles  of  Incorporation  pursuant  to  ss.13.1-706  of the
Virginia Code; (iv) adopt,  amend,  or repeal the Bylaws;  (v) approve a plan of
merger  not  requiring  shareholder  approval;   (vi)  authorize  or  approve  a
distribution,  except according to a general formula or method prescribed by the
Board of  Directors;  or (vii)  authorize  or approve  the  issuance  or sale or
contract for sale of shares,  or determine the designation and relative  rights,
preferences,  and limitations of a class or series of shares,  other than within
limits  specifically  prescribed  by  the  Board  of  Directors.  The  Executive
Committee  shall report at the next  regular or special  meeting of the Board of
Directors  all action that the  Executive  Committee may have taken on behalf of
the Board since the last regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors.

        3.2 Other Committees. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a
majority of the number of Directors  fixed by these Bylaws,  may establish  such
other  standing  or special  committees  of the Board as it may deem  advisable,
consisting of not less than two Directors;  and the members, terms and authority
of such  committees  shall be as set forth in the resolutions  establishing  the
same.

        3.3 Meetings.  Regular and special meetings of any Committee established
pursuant to this Article may be called and held subject to the same requirements
with  respect to time,  place and notice as are  specified  in these  Bylaws for
regular and special meetings of the Board of Directors.

        3.4 Quorum and Manner of Acting.  A majority of the number of members of
any Committee shall  constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at such
meeting.  The  action of a majority  of those  members  present  at a  Committee
meeting at which a quorum is present shall constitute the act of the Committee.

        3.5 Term of Office.  Members of any Committee  shall be elected as above
provided and shall hold office until their  successors  are elected by the Board
of Directors or until such Committee is dissolved by the Board of Directors.




        3.6 Resignation and Removal. Any member of a Committee may resign at any
time by giving written  notice of his intention to do so to the Chief  Executive
Officer or the Secretary of the Corporation,  or may be removed, with or without
cause,  at any time by such vote of the Board of Directors as would  suffice for
his election.

        3.7 Vacancies.  Any vacancy occurring in a Committee  resulting from any
cause  whatever may be filled by a majority of the number of Directors  fixed by
these Bylaws.


                                   ARTICLE IV

                                    Officers


        4.1 Election of Officers:  Terms. The officers of the Corporation  shall
consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a President,  a Secretary and a Treasurer.
Other officers,  including a Chairman of the Board,  one or more Vice Presidents
(whose seniority and titles, including Executive Vice Presidents and Senior Vice
Presidents,  may be  specified by the Board of  Directors),  and  assistant  and
subordinate  officers,  may  from  time to  time  be  elected  by the  Board  of
Directors.  All officers  shall hold office until the next annual meeting of the
Board of Directors  and until their  successors  are elected.  . Any two or more
officers  may be  combined  in the same  person  as the Board of  Directors  may
determine.

        4.2 Removal of Officers:  Vacancies.  Any officer of the Corporation may
be  removed  summarily  with  or without cause,   at any time,  by  the Board of
Directors.  Vacancies may be filled by the Board of Directors.

        4.3 Duties.  The officers of the  Corporation  shall have such duties as
generally  pertain to their  offices,  respectively,  as well as such powers and
duties as are prescribed by law or are  hereinafter  provided or as from time to
time shall be conferred by the Board of  Directors.  The Board of Directors  may
require any officer to give such bond for the faithful performance of his duties
as the Board may see fit.

        4.4 Duties of the Chief Executive  Officer.  The Chief Executive Officer
shall be either the Chairman of the Board or the  President of the  Corporation,
as designated by the Board of Directors. Subject to the direction and control of
the Board of Directors,  the Chief Executive Officer shall supervise and control
the  management  of the  Corporation,  shall be  primarily  responsible  for the
implementation  of policies of the Board of Directors and shall have such duties
and  authority  as are  normally  incident to the  position  of chief  executive
officer  of



a corporation and such other duties and authority as may be prescribed from time
to time by the Board of Directors or as are provided  elsewhere in these Bylaws.
The Chief Executive  Officer may sign and execute in the name of the Corporation
share  certificates,  deeds,  mortgages,  bonds,  contracts or other instruments
except in cases where the  signing  and  execution  thereof  shall be  expressly
delegated by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the  Corporation  or
shall be required by law otherwise to be signed or executed.


        4.5 Duties of the Chairman of the Board.  The Board of  Directors  may ,
but need not,  appoint  from  among its  members an  officer  designated  as the
Chairman of the Board.  The Chairman of the Board shall,  when present,  preside
over  meetings of the Board of  Directors  and shall have such other  duties and
authority as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board of Directors or as
are provided for elsewhere in these Bylaws.

        4.6 Duties of the President. Subject to the direction and control of the
Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer (if the President is not also
the Chief  Executive  Officer),  the President  shall  supervise and control the
operations  of the  Corporation  and  shall  have  such  other  duties as may be
prescribed  from time to time by the Board of Directors  or the Chief  Executive
Officer (if the  President  is not also the Chief  Executive  Officer) or as are
provided  elsewhere in these  Bylaws.  The President may sign and execute in the
name of the Corporation share certificates,  deeds, mortgages,  bonds, contracts
or other  instruments  except in cases where the signing and  execution  thereof
shall be expressly  delegated  by the Board of Directors or the Chief  Executive
Officer to some other officer or agent of the  Corporation  or shall be required
by law otherwise to be signed or executed.


        4.7  Duties of the Vice  Presidents.  Each Vice  President  (which  term
includes any Senior  Executive  Vice  President,  Executive  Vice  President and
Senior Vice  President),  if any,  shall have such powers and duties as may from
time to time be assigned to him by the Chief  Executive  Officer or the Board of
Directors.  Any  Vice  President  may  sign  and  execute  in  the  name  of the
Corporation deeds,  mortgages,  bonds, contracts or other instruments authorized
by the Board of  Directors,  except  where the  signing  and  execution  of such
documents  shall be  expressly  delegated by the Board of Directors or the Chief
Executive  Officer to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be
required by law or otherwise to be signed or executed.

        4.8 Duties of the Treasurer.  The Treasurer  shall have charge of and be
responsible  for  all  funds,  securities,  receipts  and  disbursements  of the
Corporation,  and shall deposit all monies and securities of the  Corporation in
such banks and depositories as shall be designated by the Board of Directors. He
shall be responsible (i) for maintaining adequate financial accounts and records
in



accordance  with  generally  accepted   accounting   practices;   (ii)  for  the
preparation of appropriate operating budgets and financial statements; (iii) for
the preparation and filing of all tax returns  required by law; and (iv) for the
performance  of all duties  incident to the office of  Treasurer  and such other
duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of  Directors or
the Chief Executive  Officer.  The Treasurer may sign and execute in the name of
the Corporation share certificates,  deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts or other
instruments,  except in cases where the signing and the execution  thereof shall
be  expressly  delegated  by the Board of  Directors  or by these Bylaws to some
other  officer  or agent of the  Corporation  or  shall  be  required  by law or
otherwise to be signed or executed.

        4.9 Duties of the Secretary. The Secretary shall act as secretary of all
meetings of the Board of Directors and  shareholders  of the  Corporation.  When
requested,  he shall also act as secretary of the meetings of the  committees of
the Board.  He shall keep and  preserve  the  minutes  of all such  meetings  in
permanent  books.  He shall  see that all  notices  required  to be given by the
Corporation  are duly given and  served;  shall have  custody of the seal of the
Corporation  and shall affix the seal or cause it to be affixed by  facsimile or
otherwise to all share  certificates of the Corporation and to all documents the
execution  of which on behalf of the  Corporation  under its  corporate  seal is
required in accordance  with law or the  provisions of these Bylaws;  shall have
custody of all deeds, leases, contracts and other important corporate documents;
shall have charge of the books,  records and papers of the Corporation  relating
to its organization and management as a Corporation; shall see that all reports,
statements and other documents required by law (except tax returns) are properly
filed;  and shall in general  perform  all the duties  incident to the office of
Secretary  and such other  duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by
the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer.

        4.10  Compensation.  The Board of Directors  shall have authority to fix
the compensation of all officers of the Corporation.


                                    ARTICLE V

                                  Capital Stock

        5.1  Certificates.  The shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall
be evidenced by certificates  in forms  prescribed by the Board of Directors and
executed  in any manner  permitted  by law and stating  thereon the  information
required by law.  Transfer  agents and/or  registrars for one or more classes of
shares of the  Corporation may be appointed by the Board of Directors and may be
required  to  countersign  certificates  representing  shares  of such  class or
classes.  If any officer  whose  signature or facsimile  thereof shall have been
used on a share  certificate  shall for any reason cease to be an officer of the
Corporation  and such  certificate  shall not then have  been  delivered  by the
Corporation,  the Board of Directors may nevertheless adopt such certificate and
it may then be issued and  delivered  as though such person had not ceased to be
an officer of the Corporation.



        5.2 Lost, Destroyed and Mutilated Certificates. Holders of the shares of
the  Corporation  shall   immediately   notify  the  Corporation  of  any  loss,
destruction  or  mutilation  of the  certificate  therefor,  and  the  Board  of
Directors may in its discretion  cause one or more new certificates for the same
number of  shares in the  aggregate  to be issued to such  shareholder  upon the
surrender of the mutilated  certificate or upon satisfactory  proof of such loss
or destruction,  and the deposit of a bond in such form and amount and with such
surety as the Board of Directors may require.

        5.3  Transfer  of  Shares.  The  shares  of  the  Corporation  shall  be
transferable or assignable only on the books of the Corporation by the holder in
person or by  attorney  on  surrender  of the  certificate  for such shares duly
endorsed and, if sought to be transferred by attorney,  accompanied by a written
power of attorney to have the same  transferred on the books of the Corporation.
The  Corporation  will  recognize,  however,  the exclusive  right of the person
registered  on its books as the owner of shares to  receive  dividends  or other
distributions and to vote as such owner. To the extent that any provision of the
Amended and Restated  Rights  Agreement  between the Corporation and Bank of New
York, as Rights  Agent,  dated as of February 9, 1998, is deemed to constitute a
restriction  on the transfer of any  securities of the  Corporation,  including,
without limitation,  the Rights, as defined therein,  such restriction is hereby
authorized by these Bylaws.

        5.4 Fixing  Record  Date.  For the purpose of  determining  shareholders
entitled  to  notice  of or to  vote  at  any  meeting  of  shareholders  or any
adjournment  thereof,  or entitled to receive  payment of any  dividend or other
distribution,  or in order to make a determination of shareholders for any other
proper  purpose,  the Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as the record
date for any such determination of shareholders, such date in any case to be not
more  than  seventy  days  prior  to the date on which  the  particular  action,
requiring such determination of shareholders,  is to be taken. If no record date
is fixed for the determination of shareholders  entitled to notice of or to vote
at a meeting of shareholders,  or shareholders  entitled to receive payment of a
dividend  or other  distribution,  the date on which  notices of the meeting are
mailed or the date on which the  resolution of the Board of Directors  declaring
such dividend or other distribution is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the
record date for such  determination  of  shareholders.  When a determination  of
shareholders  entitled to vote at any meeting of  shareholders  has been made as
provided in this  section,  such  determination  shall apply to any  adjournment
thereof unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date, which it shall do
if the  meeting is  adjourned  to a date more than 120 days after the date fixed
for the original meeting.


      5.5 Control Share Acquisition Statute.  Article 14.1 of the Virginia Stock
Corporation  Act shall not apply to  acquisitions  of shares of capital stock of
the Corporation.



                                   ARTICLE VI

                            Miscellaneous Provisions


        6.1 Seal. The seal of the Corporation shall consist of a circular design
with the words "Owens & Minor,  Inc." around the top margin thereof,  "Richmond,
Virginia"  around the lower  margin  thereof  and the word  "Seal" in the center
thereof.

        6.2 Fiscal Year.  The fiscal year of the  Corporation  shall end on such
date and shall consist of such  accounting  periods as may be fixed by the Board
of Directors.

        6.3 Checks, Notes and Drafts. Checks, notes, drafts and other orders for
the payment of money shall be signed by such  persons as the Board of  Directors
from time to time may  authorize.  When the Board of  Directors  so  authorizes,
however, the signature of any such person may be a facsimile.

        6.4  Amendment  of  Bylaws.   Unless   proscribed  by  the  Articles  of
Incorporation,  these  Bylaws may be  amended  or altered at any  meeting of the
Board of Directors by affirmative  vote of a majority of the number of Directors
fixed by these  Bylaws.  The  shareholders  entitled  to vote in  respect of the
election of Directors, however, shall have the power to rescind, amend, alter or
repeal any Bylaws and to enact Bylaws which,  if expressly so provided,  may not
be amended, altered or repealed by the Board of Directors.

        6.5 Voting of Shares Held.  Unless  otherwise  provided by resolution of
the  Board  of  Directors  or of the  Executive  Committee,  if any,  the  Chief
Executive  Officer  may cast the vote which the  Corporation  may be entitled to
cast as a  shareholder  or  otherwise  in any  other  corporation,  any of whose
securities  may be held by the  Corporation,  at  meetings of the holders of the
shares or other securities of such other  corporation,  or to consent in writing
to any action by any such other  corporation,  or in lieu thereof,  from time to
time appoint an attorney or attorneys or agent or agents of the Corporation,  in
the name and on  behalf  of the  Corporation,  to cast  such  votes or give such
consents.  The Chief  Executive  Officer shall instruct any person or persons so
appointed  as to the manner of casting such votes or giving such consent and may
execute  or cause to be  executedon  behalf  of the  Corporation,  and under its
corporate seal or otherwise,  such written proxies,  consents,  waivers or other
instruments as may be necessary or proper.



                                   ARTICLE VII

                                Emergency Bylaws


        7.1 The Emergency Bylaws provided in this Article VII shall be operative
during any emergency,  notwithstanding  any different provision in the preceding
Articles of these Bylaws or in the Articles of  Incorporation of the Corporation
or in the Virginia Stock  Corporation Act (other than those provisions  relating
to emergency bylaws). An emergency exists if a quorum of the Corporation's Board
of Directors cannot readily be assembled because of some catastrophic  event. To
the extent not inconsistent with these Emergency Bylaws,  the Bylaws provided in
the preceding Articles shall remain in effect during such emergency and upon the
termination of such  emergency the Emergency  Bylaws shall cease to be operative
unless and until another such emergency shall occur.

        7.2   During any such emergency:

              (a) Any  meeting  of the Board of  Directors  may be called by any
officer of the Corporation or by any Director.  The notice thereof shall specify
the time and place of the meeting. To the extent feasible, notice shall be given
in accord with  Section  2.4 above,  but notice may be given only to such of the
Directors  as it may be feasible  to reach at the time,  by such means as may be
feasible at the time,  including  publication or radio,  and at a time less than
twenty-four  hours before the meeting if deemed  necessary by the person  giving
notice.  Notice shall be similarly given, to the extent  feasible,  to the other
persons referred to in (b) below.

              (b) At any  meeting  of the  Board of  Directors,  a quorum  shall
consist of a  majority  of the  number of  Directors  fixed at the time by these
Bylaws. If the Directors  present at any particular  meeting shall be fewer than
the number required for such quorum, other persons present as referred to below,
to the number  necessary to make up such quorum,  shall be deemed  Directors for
such  particular  meeting as determined by the following  provisions  and in the
following order of priority:

                    (i) Vice-Presidents not already serving as Directors, in the
order of their  seniority of first  election to such offices,  or if two or more
shall have been first  elected to such  offices on the same day, in the order of
their seniority in age;

                    (ii) All other  officers of the  Corporation in the order of
their seniority of first election to such offices,  or if two or more shall have
been  first  elected  to such  offices  on the same  day,  in the order of their
seniority in age; and



                    (iii) Any other  persons that are  designated on a list that
shall have been approved by the Board of Directors  before the  emergency,  such
persons to be taken in such order of priority and subject to such  conditions as
may be provided in the resolution approving the list.

              (c) The Board of  Directors,  during  as well as  before  any such
emergency, may provide, and from time to time modify, lines of succession in the
event  that  during  such an  emergency  any or all  officers  or  agents of the
Corporation  shall for any reason be rendered  incapable  of  discharging  their
duties.

              (d) The Board of  Directors,  during  as well as  before  any such
emergency,  may,  effective in the emergency,  change the principal  office,  or
designate several alternative offices, or authorize the officers so to do.

        7.3 No officer, Director or employee shall be liable for action taken in
good faith in accordance with these Emergency Bylaws.

        7.4  These  Emergency  Bylaws  shall be  subject  to repeal or change by
further  action of the  Board of  Directors  or by  action of the  shareholders,
except that no such repeal or change  shall  modify the  provisions  of the next
preceding  paragraph with regard to action or inaction prior to the time of such
repeal or change.  Any such  amendment  of these  Emergency  Bylaws may make any
further or different  provision  that may be  practical  and  necessary  for the
circumstances of the emergency.





Amended 04/28/99