Exhibit 4.1 COMMONWEALTH BANKSHARES, INC. 1999 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN 1. PURPOSE COMMONWEALTH BANKSHARES, INC., a Virginia corporation (the "Company"), wishes to recruit, reward, and retain employees and outside directors. To further these objectives, the Company hereby sets forth the Commonwealth Bankshares, Inc. 1999 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Plan") to provide options ("Options" or "Awards") to employees and outside directors with respect to shares of the Company's common stock (the "Common Stock"). The Plan is effective as of February 19, 1999 (the "Effective Date"), subject to shareholder approval of the Plan within one year of the Effective Date. 2. PARTICIPANTS All employees of the Company and any Eligible Subsidiaries (as defined in Section 16) are eligible for Options under the Plan, as are the directors of the Company who are not employees ("Eligible Directors"). Eligible employees and directors become "optionees" or "participants" when the Administrator grants them an Option under the Plan. The term "participant" also includes, where appropriate, a person authorized to exercise an Award in place of the original optionee. Employee as such term is used in the Plan means any person employed as a common law employee of the Company or an Eligible Subsidiary. 3. ADMINISTRATOR The Administrator will be the Board of Directors of the Company, unless the Board delegates its duties to a committee of the Board composed solely of two or more Non-Employee Directors, as "Non-Employee Director" is defined by Rule 16b-3 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). The Administrator is responsible for the general operation and administration of the Plan and for carrying out its provisions and has full discretion in interpreting and administering the provisions of the Plan. Subject to the express provisions of the Plan, the Administrator may exercise such powers and authority of the Board as the Administrator may find necessary or appropriate to carry out its functions. The Administrator may delegate its functions (other than those described in Section 4) to officers or other employees of the Company. The Administrator's powers will include, but not be limited to, the power to amend, waive, or extend any provision or limitation of any Award. The Administrator may act through meetings of a majority of its members or by unanimous consent. 4. GRANTING OF Subject to the terms of the Plan, the AWARDS Administrator will, in its sole discretion, determine the participants who receive Awards, the terms and restrictions, if any, of such Awards, the schedule for exercisability or nonforfeitability (including any requirements that the participant or the Company satisfy performance criteria), the time and conditions for expiration of the Award, and the form of payment due upon exercise of the Award, if any. The Administrator's determinations under the Plan need not be uniform and need not consider whether possible participants are similarly situated. Options granted to employees may be nonqualified stock options ("NQSOs") or "incentive stock options" ("ISOs") within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time (the "Code"), or the corresponding provision of any subsequently enacted tax statute. Options granted to Eligible Directors must be NQSOs. SUBSTITUTIONS The Administrator may also grant Awards in substitution for options held by individuals who become employees of the Company or of an Eligible Subsidiary as a result of the Company's acquiring or merging with the individual's employer or acquiring its assets. If necessary to conform the Awards to the interests for which they are substitutes, the Administrator may grant substitute Awards under terms and conditions that vary from those the Plan otherwise requires. 5. DIRECTOR Each Eligible Director will receive an Option FORMULA ("Formula Option") as of the Effective Date with OPTION respect to 250 shares of Common Stock. Each Eligible Director serving on the Board at each annual meeting of the Company's shareholders (beginning with the meeting at least six months after the Effective Date) will receive a Formula Option as of that meeting with respect to 250 shares of Common Stock. EXERCISE Options will not become exercisable until the average SCHEDULE closing price of a share of Common Stock traded on NASDAQ Bulletin Board (or any other over-the-counter automated quotation system or national exchange on which the Common Stock is traded) for thirty (30) consecutive trading days has been at least $21.00. After this requirement has been fulfilled, the Options may be exercised regardless of the price at which the Common Stock is trading at the time Optionee elects to exercise the Options. If Options are granted after this requirement has been fulfilled, such Options may be exercised regardless of the price at which the Common Stock is trading at the time the Optionee elects to exercise Options. No Option shall be exercisable before the first anniversary of the Date of Grant (as defined below) or after the date ten (10) years from the Date of Grant. 6. DATE OF GRANT The Date of Grant will be the date as of which the Plan or the Administrator grants an Award to a participant, as specified in the Plan or in the Administrator's minutes. 7. EXERCISE PRICE The Exercise Price is the value of the consideration that a participant must provide in exchange for one share of Common Stock. The Administrator will determine the Exercise Price under each Award and may set the Exercise Price without regard to the Exercise Price of any other Awards granted at the same or any other time. The Company may use the consideration it receives from the participant for general corporate purposes. The Exercise Price per share may not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value (on the Date of Grant) of a share of Common Stock covered by the Option; provided, however, that if the Administrator decides to grant an ISO to someone covered by Sections 422(b)(6) and 424(d) of the Code (more-than-10% stock owner), the Exercise Price of the Option must be at least 110% of the Fair Market Value (on the Date of Grant). In no event, however, may any Options be granted for an Exercise Price per share less than the book value per share of Common Stock as shown on the Company's last published financial statement prior to the Date of Grant. FAIR MARKET Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock for VALUE purposes of the Plan will be determined as follows: If the Common Stock is traded on a national securities exchange, the average closing sale price for the ten (10) trading days ending on and including such date; If the Common Stock is not traded on any such exchange, the closing sale price as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System ("Nasdaq") for the ten (10) trading days ending on and including such date; If no such closing sale price information is available, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as reported by Nasdaq Bulletin for the ten (10) trading days ending on and including such date; or If there are no such closing bid and asked prices, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as reported by any other commercial service for the ten (10) trading days ending on and including such date. For any date that is not a trading day, the price of a share of Common Stock shall be calculated by using the closing sale price or the average of the closing bid and asked prices, as appropriate, for the immediately preceding trading day. 8. EXERCISABILITY The Administrator will determine the times and conditions for exercise of or purchase under each Award but may not extend the period for exercise beyond the tenth anniversary of its Date of Grant (or five years for ISOs granted to 10% owners covered by Code Sections 422(b)(6) and 424(d)). Awards will become exercisable at such times and in such manner as the Administrator determines and the Award Agreement, if any, indicates. Options will not become exercisable until the average closing price of a share of Common Stock traded on NASDAQ Bulletin Board (or any other over-the-counter automated quotation system or national exchange on which the Common Stock is traded) for thirty (30) consecutive trading days has been at least $21.00. After this requirement has been fulfilled, the Options may be exercised regardless of the price at which the Common Stock is trading at the time Optionee elects to exercise the Options. If Options are granted after this requirement has been fulfilled, such Options may be exercised regardless of the price at which the Common Stock is trading at the time the Optionee elects to exercise Options. No Option shall be exercisable before the first anniversary of the Date of Grant (as defined below) or after the date ten (10) years from the Date of Grant. No portion of an Award that is unexercisable at a participant's termination of employment will thereafter become exercisable, unless the Award Agreement provides otherwise, either initially or by amendment. CHANGE OF Upon a Change of Control (as defined below), all CONTROL Options will become fully exercisable; provided, however, such acceleration will not occur if it would render unavailable "pooling of interest" accounting for any reorganization, merger or consolidation of the Company, unless the Board determines otherwise. A Change of Control for this purpose means the occurrence of any one or more of the following events, unless otherwise determined by the Administrator at or after grant of Awards, but prior to the occurrence of such Change in Control: a) a person, entity, or group (other than the Company, any Company subsidiary, any Company benefit plan, or any underwriter temporarily holding securities for an offering of such securities) acquires ownership of more than 25% of the undiluted total voting power of the Company's then-outstanding securities eligible to vote to elect members of the Board ("Company Voting Securities") without the consent of the Board of Directors; b) the individuals (A) who constitute the Board of Directors of the Company on the Effective Date of the Plan (the "Original Directors") or (B) who thereafter are elected to the Board and whose election, or nomination for election, to the Board was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the Original Directors then still in office (such directors becoming "Additional Original Directors" immediately following their election) or (C) who are elected to the Board and whose election, or nomination for election, to the Board was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the Original Directors and Additional Original Directors then still in office (such directors also becoming "Additional Original Directors" immediately following their election) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the members of the Board; c) consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company into any other entity, unless the holders of the Company Voting Securities outstanding immediately before such consummation, together with any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under a Company benefit plan, hold securities that represent immediately after such merger or consolidation at least 75% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities of either the Company or the other surviving entity or its parent; or d) the shareholders of the Company approve (i) a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company or (ii) an agreement for the Company's sale or disposition of all or substantially all the Company's assets, (i.e., 50% or more of the total assets of the Company) and such liquidation, dissolution, sale, or disposition is consummated. The provisions of Section 15 of the Plan will also apply if the Change of Control is a Substantial Corporate Change (as defined in Section 15). 9. LIMITATION ON An Option granted to an employee will be an ISO only ISOs to the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined at the Date of Grant) of the stock with respect to which ISOs are exercisable for the first time by the optionee during any calendar year (under the Plan and all other plans of the Company and its subsidiary corporations, within the meaning of Code Section 422(d)), does not exceed $100,000. This limitation will be applied by taking Options into account in the order in which such Options were granted. If, by design or operation, the Option exceeds this limit, the excess will be treated as an ISOs 10. METHOD OF To exercise any exercisable portion of an Award, the EXERCISE participant must: Deliver a written notice of exercise to the Secretary of the Company (or to whomever the Administrator designates), in a form complying with any rules the Administrator may issue, signed by the participant, and specifying the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the portion of the Award the participant is exercising; Pay the full Exercise Price, if any, by cashier's or certified check for the shares of Common Stock with respect to which the Award is being exercised, unless the Administrator consents to another form of payment (which could include Common Stock or other property); and Deliver to the Administrator such representations and documents as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may consider necessary or advisable. Payment in full of the Exercise Price need not accompany the written notice of exercise provided the notice directs that the stock certificates for the shares issued upon the exercise be delivered to a licensed broker acceptable to the Company as the agent for the individual exercising the option and at the time the stock certificates are delivered to the broker, the broker will tender to the Company cash or cash equivalents acceptable to the Company and equal to the Exercise Price. If the Administrator agrees to payment through the tender to the Company of shares of Common Stock, the individual must have held the stock being tendered for at least six months at the time of surrender. Shares of stock offered as payment will be valued, for purposes of determining the extent to which the participant has paid the Exercise Price, at their Fair Market Value on the date of exercise. 11. AWARD No one may exercise an Award more than ten years after EXPIRATION its Date of Grant (or five years, for an ISO granted to a more-than-10% shareholder). Unless the Award Agreement provides otherwise, either initially or by amendment, no one may exercise an Award after the first to occur of: EMPLOYMENT The 90th day after the date of termination of TERMINATION employment (other than for death or disability), where termination of employment means the time when the employer-employee or other service-providing relationship between the employee and the Company ends for any reason, including retirement. Unless the Award Agreement provides otherwise, termination of employment does not include instances in which the Company immediately rehires a common law employee as an independent contractor. The Administrator, in its sole discretion, will determine all questions of whether particular terminations or leaves of absence are terminations of employment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Administrator determines that the participant's termination of employment was for cause, all unexercised Awards held by the participant shall immediately terminate. DISABILITY For disability, the earlier of (i) the first anniversary of the participant's termination of employment for disability and (ii) thirty (30) days after the participant no longer has a disability, where "disability" means the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or that has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months; or DEATH The date twelve months after the participant's death. If exercise is permitted after termination of employment, the Award will nevertheless expire as of the date that the former service provider violates any covenant not to compete in effect between the Company and the former employee. In addition, an optionee who exercises an Option more than 90 days after termination of employment with the Company and/or the Eligible Subsidiaries will only receive ISO treatment to the extent permitted by law, and becoming or remaining an employee of another related company (that is not an Eligible Subsidiary) or an independent contractor to the Company will not prevent loss of ISO status as a result of the formal termination of employment. Nothing in the Plan extends the term of an Award beyond the tenth anniversary of its Date of Grant, nor does anything in this Section 11 make an Award exercisable that has not otherwise become exercisable. 12. AWARD Option Agreements will set forth the terms of each AGREEMENT Option and will include such terms and conditions, consistent with the Plan, as the Administrator may determine are necessary or advisable. To the extent an Option Agreement is inconsistent with the Plan, the Plan will govern. The Option Agreements may contain special rules. 13. STOCK SUBJECT Except as adjusted pursuant to Section 15, the TO PLAN aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under Awards may not exceed fifteen percent (15%) of the Company's outstanding Common Stock, less the aggregate number of shares subject to issuance pursuant to options granted or available for grant under the Corporation's 1990 Stock Option Plan (for employees) and the Non-Employee Director Stock Compensation Plan, and shall in no event exceed 350,000 shares. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under Awards shall be allocated 60% for grants to Eligible Directors pursuant to Section 5 of this Plan, and 40% for grants to Employees by the Administrator pursuant to Section 4 of this Plan. The Common Stock will come from either authorized but unissued shares or from previously issued shares that the Company reacquires, including shares it purchases on the open market. If any Award expires, is canceled, or terminates for any other reason, the shares of Common Stock available under that Award will again be available for the granting of new Awards. No adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date precedes the date of exercise, except as determined by the Administrator pursuant to Section 15 of the Plan. The participant will have no rights of a shareholder with respect to the shares of stock subject to an Award except to the extent that the Company has issued certificates for, or otherwise confirmed ownership of, such shares upon the exercise of the Award. The Company will not issue fractional shares pursuant to the exercise of an Award, but the Administrator may, in its discretion, direct the Company to make a cash payment in lieu of fractional shares. 14. PERSON WHO During the participant's lifetime, only the MAY EXERCISE participant or his duly appointed guardian or personal representative may exercise the Awards. After his death, his personal representative or any other person authorized under a will or under the laws of descent and distribution may exercise any then exercisable portion of an Award. If someone other than the original recipient seeks to exercise any portion of an Award, the Administrator may request such proof as it may consider necessary or appropriate of the person's right to exercise the Award. 15. ADJUSTMENTS Subject to any required action by the Company (which UPON CHANGES it shall promptly take) or its shareholders, and IN CAPITAL STOCK subject to the provisions of applicable corporate law, if, after the Date of Grant of an Award, the outstanding shares of Common Stock increase or decrease or change into or are exchanged for a different number or kind of security by reason of any recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, reverse stock split, combination of shares, exchange of shares, stock dividend, or other distribution payable in capital stock, or some other increase or decrease in such Common Stock occurs without the Company receiving consideration, the Administrator may make a proportionate and appropriate adjustment in the number of shares of Common Stock underlying each Award, so that the proportionate interest of the participant immediately following such event will, to the extent practicable, be the same as immediately before such event. In the event the Company declares a stock dividend in lieu of a cash dividend in lieu of a cash dividend, then the Administrator shall make a proportionate and appropriate adjustment in the number shares of Common Stock underlying each Award, so that the proportionate interest of the Participant immediately following such event will, to the extent practicable, be the same as immediately before such event. (This adjustment does not apply to Common Stock that the optionee has already purchased, except to the extent of similar treatment for all shareholders.) Unless the Administrator determines another method would be appropriate, any such adjustment to an Award will not change the total price with respect to shares of Common Stock underlying the unexercised portion of the Award but will include a corresponding proportionate adjustment in the Award's Exercise Price. The Administrator will make a commensurate change to the maximum number of shares provided in Sections 5 and 13 of the Plan. The grant of an Award under the Plan will not affect in any way the right or power of the Company to make adjustments, reclassifications, reorganizations or changes of its capital or business structure, or to merge or to consolidate, or to dissolve, liquidate, sell, or transfer all or any part of its business or assets. SUBSTANTIAL Upon a Substantial Corporate Change, the Plan and any CORPORATE unexercised Awards will terminate unless provision is CHANGE made in writing in connection with such transaction for the assumption or continuation of outstanding Awards, or the substitution for such options or grants of any options or grants covering the stock or securities of a successor employer corporation, or a parent or subsidiary of such successor, with appropriate adjustments as to the number and kind of shares of stock and prices, in which event the Awards will continue in the manner and under the terms so provided. Unless the Board determines otherwise, if an Award would otherwise terminate pursuant to the preceding sentence, participants will have the right, at such time before the consummation of the transaction causing such termination as the Board reasonably designates, to exercise any unexercised portions of the Award, whether or not they had previously become exercisable. However, unless the Board determines otherwise, the acceleration will not occur if it would render unavailable "pooling of interest" accounting for any reorganization, merger, or consolidation of the Company. A Substantial Corporate Change means a) the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, b) merger, consolidation, or reorganization of the Company with one or more corporations in which the Company is not the surviving corporation, c) the sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company to another corporation, or d) any transaction (including a merger or reorganization in which the Company survives) approved by the Board that results in any person or entity (other than any affiliate of the Company as defined in Rule 144(a)(1) under the Securities Act) owning 100% of the combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company. 16. SUBSIDIARY Employees of Company Subsidiaries will be entitled to EMPLOYEES participate in the Plan, except as otherwise designated by the Board of Directors. Eligible Subsidiary means each of the Company's Subsidiaries, except as the Board otherwise specifies. For ISO grants, Subsidiary means any corporation (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of corporations beginning with the Company if, at the time an ISO is granted to a participant under the Plan, each of the corporations (other than the last corporation in the unbroken chain) owns stock possessing 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain. For ISO purposes, Subsidiary also includes a single member limited liability company included within the chain described in the preceding sentence. For NQSOs, the Administrator can use a different definition of Subsidiary in its discretion. 17. LEGAL The Company will not issue any shares of Common Stock COMPLIANCE under an Award until all applicable requirements imposed by Federal and state securities and other laws, rules, and regulations, and by any applicable regulatory agencies or stock exchanges, have been fully met. To that end, the Company may require the participant to take any reasonable action to comply with such requirements before issuing such shares. No provision in the Plan or action taken under it authorizes any action that is otherwise prohibited by Federal or state laws. The Plan is intended to conform to the extent necessary with all provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act") and the Exchange Act and all regulations and rules the Securities and Exchange Commission issues under those laws. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, the Administrator must administer the Plan, and Awards must be granted and exercised, only in a way that conforms to such laws, rules, and regulations. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Plan and any Awards will be deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to such laws, rules, and regulations. 18. PURCHASE FOR Unless a registration statement under the Securities INVESTMENT Act covers the shares of Common Stock a participant AND OTHER receives upon exercise of his Award, the Administrator RESTRICTIONS may require, at the time of such exercise or receipt of a grant, that the participant agree in writing to acquire such shares for investment and not for public resale or distribution, unless and until the shares subject to the Award are registered under the Securities Act. Unless the shares are registered tinder the Securities Act, the participant must acknowledge: that the shares purchased on exercise of the Award are not so registered, that the participant may not sell or otherwise transfer the shares unless the shares have been registered under the Securities Act in connection with the sale or transfer thereof, or counsel satisfactory to the Company has issued an opinion satisfactory to the Company that the sale or other transfer of such shares is exempt from registration under the Securities Act, and such sale or transfer complies with all other applicable laws, rules, and regulations, including all applicable Federal and state securities laws, rules, and regulations. Additionally, the Common Stock, when issued upon the exercise of an Award, will be subject to any other transfer restrictions, rights of first refusal, and rights of repurchase set forth in or incorporated by reference into other applicable documents, including the Company's certificate of incorporation, by-laws, or generally applicable shareholders' agreements. The Administrator may, in its sole discretion, take whatever additional actions it deems appropriate to comply with such restrictions and applicable laws, including placing legends on certificates and issuing stop-transfer orders to transfer agents and registrars. 19. TAX WITHHOLDING The participant must satisfy all applicable Federal, state, and local income and employment tax withholding requirements before the Company will deliver stock certificates upon the exercise of an Award. The Company may decide to satisfy the withholding obligations through additional withholding on salary or wages. If the Company does not or cannot withhold from other compensation, the participant must pay the Company, with a cashier's check or certified check, the full amounts required by withholding. Payment of withholding obligations is due before the Company issues shares with respect to the Award. If the Administrator so determines, the participant may instead satisfy the withholding obligations by directing the Company to retain shares from the Award exercise, by tendering previously owned shares. 20. TRANSFERS Unless the Administrator otherwise approves in advance ASSIGNMENTS in writing, an Award may not be assigned, pledged, or AND PLEDGES otherwise transferred in any way, whether by operation of law or otherwise or through any legal or equitable proceedings (including bankruptcy), by the participant to any person, except by will or by operation of applicable laws of descent and distribution. 21. AMENDMENT OR The Board may amend, suspend, or terminate the Plan at TERMINATION any time, without the consent of the participants or OF PLAN AND their beneficiaries; provided, however, that no OPTIONS amendment will deprive any participant or beneficiary of any previously declared Award. Except as required by law or by Sections 8 or 15, the Administrator may not, without the participant's or beneficiary's consent, modify the terms and conditions of an Award so as to adversely affect the participant. No amendment, suspension, or termination of the Plan will, without the participant's or beneficiary's consent, terminate or adversely affect any right or obligations under any outstanding Awards. 22. PRIVILEGES OF No participant and no beneficiary or other person STOCK claiming under or through such participant will have OWNERSHIP any right, title, or interest in or to any shares of Common Stock allocated or reserved under the Plan or subject to any Award except as to such shares of Common Stock, if any, that have been issued to such participant. 23. EFFECT ON Whether exercising or receiving an Award causes the OTHER PLANS participant to accrue or receive additional benefits under any pension or other plan is governed solely by the terms of such other plan. 24. LIMITATIONS ON Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Plan, no LIABILITY individual acting as a director, employee, or agent of the Company shall be liable to any participant, former participant, spouse, beneficiary, or any other person for any claim, loss, liability, or expense incurred in connection with the Plan, nor shall such individual be personally liable because of any contract or other instrument he executes in such other capacity. The Company will indemnify and hold harmless each director, employee, or agent of the Company to whom any duty or power relating to the administration or interpretation of the Plan has been or will be delegated, against any cost or expense (including attorneys' fees) or liability (including any sum paid in settlement of a claim with the Board's approval) arising out of any act or omission to act concerning the Plan unless arising out of such person's own fraud or bad faith. 25. NO EMPLOYMENT Nothing contained in the Plan constitutes an CONTRACT employment contracts between the Company and the participants. The Plan does not give any participant any right to be retained in the Company's employ, nor does it enlarge or diminish the Company's right to terminate the participant's employment. 26. APPLICABLE LAW The laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia (other than its choice of law provisions) and applicable federal law govern the Plan and its interpretation. 27. DURATION OF PLAN Unless the Board extends the Plan's term, the Administrator may not grant Awards after February 2009. The Plan will then terminate but will continue to govern unexercised and unexpired Awards. Adopted by the Board of Directors February 19, 1999, and by the Shareholders on April 27, 1999.