============================================================================= SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K [x] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 or [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 for transition period from to Commission file number 0-7154 QUAKER CHEMICAL CORPORATION --------------------------- (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) A Pennsylvania Corporation No. 23-0993790 - ------------------------------- ------------------------------------ (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO.) incorporation or organization) Elm and Lee Streets, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428 - ----------------------------------------------- ------ (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code (610) 832-4000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of each Exchange on Title of each class which registered ------------------- ------------------------ Common Stock, $1.00 par value New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No . ---- ---- Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. State the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non- affiliates of the Registrant. (The aggregate market value is computed by reference to the last reported sale on the New York Stock Exchange on March 13, 1998): $152,969,813. Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the Registrant's classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date: 8,775,344 shares of Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value, as of March 13, 1998. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (1) Portions of the Registrant's Annual Report to Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 1997 are incorporated into Parts I and II. (2) Portions of the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement dated March 30, 1998 in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 6, 1998 are incorporated into Part III. The exhibit index is located on page 13. ============================================================================= PART I As used in this Report, the term "Quaker," unless the context otherwise requires, means Quaker Chemical Corporation, its subsidiaries, and associated companies. Item 1. Business. General Description Quaker develops, produces, and markets a broad range of formulated chemical specialty products for various heavy industrial and manufacturing applications and, in addition, offers and markets chemical management services, including recycling services. Quaker's principal products and services include: (i) rolling lubricants (used by manufacturers of steel in the hot and cold rolling of steel and by manufacturers of aluminum in the cold rolling of aluminum); (ii) corrosion preventives (used by steel and metalworking customers to protect metal during manufacture, storage, and shipment); (iii) metal finishing compounds (used to prepare metal surfaces for special treatments such as galvanizing and tin plating and to prepare metal for further processing); (iv) machining and grinding compounds (used by metalworking customers in cutting, shaping, and grinding metal parts which require special treatment to enable them to tolerate the manufacturing process); (v) forming compounds (used to facilitate the drawing and extrusion of metal products); (vi) paper production products (used as defoamers, release agents, softeners, debonders, and dispersants); (vii) hydraulic fluids (used by steel, metalworking, and other customers to operate hydraulically activated equipment); (viii) products for the removal of hydrogen sulfide in various industrial applications; (ix) chemical milling maskants for the aerospace industry; (x) construction products such as flexible sealants and protective coatings for various applications; and (xi) programs to provide recycling and chemical management services. Substantially all of Quaker's sales worldwide are made directly through its own sales force. Quaker sales persons visit the plants of customers regularly, and through training and experience, identify production needs which can be resolved or alleviated either by adapting Quaker's existing products or by applying new formulations developed in Quaker's laboratories. Sales personnel may call upon Quaker's regional managers, product managers, and members of its laboratory staff for assistance in obtaining and setting up product tests and evaluating the results of such tests. In 1997, certain products were also sold in Canada, Korea, and India by exclusive licensees under long-term royalty agreements. Generally, separate manufacturing facilities of a single customer are served by different sales personnel. The business of the Company and its operating results are subject to certain risks, of which the principal ones are referred to in the following subsections. 1 In 1997, the Company acquired a 55% interest in a joint venture with its Indian licensee, Asianol Lubricants Ltd., to manufacture lubricants for the cold rolling of steel and other products for the steel industry in India. For additional information regarding this transaction, see Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements which appears on p. 30 of the Registrant's 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders, the incorporated portion of which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Report. Competition The chemical specialty industry is composed of a number of companies of similar size as well as companies larger and smaller than Quaker. Quaker cannot readily determine its precise position in every industry it serves. Based on information available to Quaker, however, it is estimated that Quaker holds a dominant position (among a group in excess of 25 other suppliers) in the market for process fluids used in the production of hot and cold rolling of steel. Many competitors are in fewer and more specialized product classifications or provide different levels of technical services in terms of specific formulations for individual customers. Competition in the industry is based primarily on the ability to provide products which meet the needs of the customer and render technical services and laboratory assistance to customers and, to a lesser extent, on price. Major Customers and Markets During 1997, Quaker's five largest customers (each composed of multiple subsidiaries or divisions with semi-autonomous purchasing authority) accounted for approximately 16% of its consolidated net sales with the largest of these customers accounting for approximately 4% of consolidated net sales. Furthermore, a significant portion of Quaker's revenues are realized from the sale of process fluids to manufacturers of hot and cold rolling steel, and, therefore, Quaker is subject to the same business cycles as those experienced by these manufacturers and their customers (the majority of which are automobile, appliance, and durable good manufacturers or in the construction industry). Raw Materials Quaker uses over 500 raw materials, including mineral oils, fats and fat derivatives, ethylene derivatives, solvents, surface active agents, chlorinated paraffinic compounds, and a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds. In 1997, only one raw material accounted for as much as 12% of the total cost of Quaker's raw material purchases. Many of the raw materials used by Quaker are "commodity" chemicals, and, therefore, Quaker's earnings can be affected by market changes in raw material prices caused by factors beyond Quaker's control. Quaker has multiple sources of supply for most materials, and management believes that the failure of any single supplier would not have a material adverse effect upon its business. 2 Patents and Trademarks Quaker has a limited number of patents and patent applications, including patents issued, applied for, or acquired in the United States and in various foreign countries, some of which may prove to be material to its business. Principal reliance is placed upon Quaker's proprietary formulae and the application of its skills and experience to meet customer needs. Quaker's products are identified by trademarks which are registered throughout its marketing area. Quaker makes little use of advertising but relies heavily upon its reputation in the markets which it serves. Research and Development--Laboratories Quaker's research and development laboratories are directed primarily toward applied research and development since the nature of Quaker's business requires continuing modification and improvement of formulations to provide chemical specialties to satisfy customer requirements. Incorporated by reference is the information contained under the caption "Research and Development Costs" appearing in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements on page 23 of the Registrant's 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders, the incorporated portions of which are included as Exhibit 13 to this Report. Quaker maintains quality control laboratory facilities in each of its manufacturing locations. In addition, Quaker maintains in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, and Uithoorn, The Netherlands, laboratory facilities which are devoted primarily to applied research and development. Most of Quaker's subsidiaries and associates also have laboratory facilities. Although not as complete as the Conshohocken laboratories, these facilities are generally sufficient for the requirements of the customers being served. If problems are encountered which cannot be resolved by local laboratories, such problems may be referred to the corporate laboratory staff, which also defines and supervises corporate research projects. Approximately 155 persons, of whom 72 have B. S. degrees and 41 have B.S. and advanced degrees, are employed in Quaker's laboratories. 3 Number of Employees On December 31, 1997, Quaker's consolidated companies had 871 full-time employees of whom 382 were employed by the parent company and its U.S. subsidiaries and 489 were employed by its non-U.S. subsidiaries. Associated companies of Quaker (in which it owns 50% or less) employed 250 people on December 31, 1997. Product Classification Incorporated by reference is the information concerning product classification by markets served appearing under the caption "Supplemental Financial Information" on page 34 of the Registrant's 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders, the incorporated portions of which are included as Exhibit 13 to this Report. Non-U.S. Activities Incorporated by reference is the information concerning non-U.S. activities appearing in Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements on page 30 of the Registrant's 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders and under the caption "General" of the Operations section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations which appears on page 18 of the aforementioned Annual Report, the incorporated portions of which are included as Exhibit 13 to this Report. Since significant revenues and earnings are generated by its non-U.S. operations, Quaker's financial results are affected by currency fluctuations, particularly between the U.S. dollar and the Dutch guilder. Item 2. Properties. Quaker's principal facilities in the United States are located in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania and Detroit, Michigan. Quaker's non-U.S. subsidiaries own facilities in Woodchester, England; Uithoorn, The Netherlands; Villeneuve, France; and Santa Perpetua de Mogoda, Spain and lease small sales facilities in other locations. All of these facilities are owned mortgage free. Financing for the Technical Center in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania was arranged through the use of industrial revenue and development bonds with an outstanding balance at December 31, 1997 of $5,000,000. Quaker's aforementioned facilities consist of various manufacturing, administrative, warehouse, and laboratory buildings. Substantially all of the buildings are of fire-resistant construction and are equipped with sprinkler systems. All facilities are primarily of masonry and/or steel construction and are adequate and suitable for Quaker's present operations. The Company has a program to identify needed capital improvements which will be implemented as management considers necessary or desirable. Most locations have various numbers of raw material storage tanks ranging from 6 to 63 having a capacity from 500 to 80,000 gallons each and processing or 4 manufacturing vessels ranging in capacity from 50 to 12,000 gallons each. Manufacturing and warehouse facilities located in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, were closed in 1996 but are being maintained in a state of readiness that will permit resuming operations in all or some of such facilities if necessary or desirable. In order to facilitate compliance with applicable federal, state, and local statutes and regulations relating to occupational health and safety and protection of the environment, the Company has an ongoing program of site assessment, currently directed primarily to facilities in the United States for the purpose of identifying capital expenditures or other actions that may be necessary to comply with such requirements. The program includes periodic inspections of each facility in the United States by Quaker and/or independent environmental experts, as well as ongoing inspections by on-site personnel. Such inspections are addressed to operational matters, record keeping, reporting requirements, and capital improvements. In 1997, capital expenditures directed solely or primarily to regulatory compliance amounted to approximately $125,000. Quaker's executive offices are located in a four-story building containing a total of approximately 47,000 square feet. A Technical Center containing approximately 28,700 square feet houses the laboratory facility. Both of these facilities are adjacent to Quaker's closed manufacturing facility in Conshohocken. Quaker's 50% or less owned non-U.S. associates own or lease a plant and/or sales facilities in various locations. Item 3. Legal Proceedings. On or about October 24, 1996, Petrolite Corporation and its subsidiary, Petrolite Holdings, Inc. (collectively, "Petrolite"), filed a Demand for Arbitration with the American Arbitration Association and a Petition with the Circuit Court for the County of St. Louis, Missouri, against the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. Petrolite asserts claims for negligent misrepresentation and breach of contract arising out of a Technology Purchase Agreement (the "Agreement") between Petrolite and the Company (and certain of its subsidiaries) dated April 13, 1993, as amended, pursuant to which the Company sold various assets, including patent rights, to Petrolite for a purchase price of approximately $8.5 million plus an obligation to pay royalties. In its actions against the Company, Petrolite seeks damages in an unspecified amount, rescission of the Agreement, costs, and other relief. The Company believes that it has complete and meritorious defenses to the Petrolite actions and intends to vigorously defend the actions and deny liability and to pursue a claim against Petrolite for royalties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, based upon the advice of counsel, on information developed to date and settlement discussions which have been held, the Company has established a reserve of $2,000,000 against its potential liability in these actions which it believes to be adequate. However, the Company's potential liability could be in excess of the amount of the reserve. 5 The Company is a party to other proceedings, cases, and requests for information from, and negotiations with, various claimants and federal and state agencies relating to various matters including environmental matters, none of which is expected to result in monetary sanctions in an amount or in an award that would have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or financial condition. For information concerning pending asbestos-related cases against a non-operating subsidiary and amounts accrued associated with certain environmental investigatory and noncapital remediation costs, refer to Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements which appears on page 30 in the Registrant's 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders, the incorporated portions of which are included as Exhibit 13 to this Report. Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders. No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the last quarter of the period covered by this Report. Item 4(a). Executive Officers of the Registrant. Year First Elected as an Executive Name Office (since) Age Officer - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Ronald J. Naples Chairman of the Board (1997), 52 1995 President, and Chief Executive Officer (1995) Joseph W. Bauer President and Chief Operating Officer (1998) 55 1998 Jose Luiz Bregolato Vice President-South America (1993) 52 1993 James A. Geier Vice President-Human Resources (1997) 42 1997 Daniel S. Ma Vice President-Asia/Pacific (1995) 57 1995 Marcus C. J. Meijer Vice President-Europe (1990) 50 1990 Joseph F. Virdone Vice President-U.S. Commercial Operations (1996) 53 1996 6 Mr. Meijer has served as an officer of the Registrant for more than the past five years. Prior to his election as an officer of the Registrant, Mr. Bregolato served as Financial Consultant and Administrative Director of Fabrica Carioca de Catalisadores, S.A. to which he was appointed in 1985. Prior to his election as an officer of the Registrant, Mr. Ma was Managing Director, Asia/Pacific Region, to which he was appointed in 1993 and was Business Manager, PPG Industries from 1991 to 1993. Prior to his election as President and Chief Executive Officer, effective October 2, 1995, Mr. Naples served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Hunt Manufacturing Company until April 6, 1995, a position held for over five years. Mr. Naples was elected Chairman of the Board of the Registrant in 1997. Mr. Naples has been a Director of the Registrant since 1988. Prior to his election as an officer of the Registrant, Mr. Virdone served as Industry Manager-Steel since August 15, 1994. Prior to that date, Mr. Virdone was employed by FMC Corporation as National Sales Director-Industrial Chemicals and also served in various consulting capacities. Prior to his election as an officer of the Registrant in 1997, Mr. Geier was employed by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals, Inc., where he held a variety of human resource positions. Prior to his election as an officer of the Registrant effective March 9, 1998, Mr Bauer was employed by M.A. Hanna since 1992 and served as President of M.A. Hanna Color Divison from 1996 to 1998 and President of PMS Consolidated form 1992 to 1995. There is no family relationship between the Registrant and any of the Registrant's Executive Officers. Each officer is elected for a term of one year. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters. Incorporated by reference is the information appearing under the caption "Stock Market and Related Security Holder Matters" on page 34 of the Registrant's 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders, the incorporated portions of which are included as Exhibit 13 to this Report. Item 6. Selected Financial Data. Incorporated by reference is the information appearing under the caption "Eleven-Year Financial Information" on pages 32 and 33 of the Registrant's 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders, the incorporated portions of which are included as Exhibit 13 to this Report. Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Incorporated by reference is the information appearing under the caption "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" on pages 16 through 18 of the Registrant's 1997 Annual Report to 7 Shareholders, the incorporated portions of which are included as Exhibit 13 to this Report. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Incorporated by reference is the information appearing on pages 19 through 34 of the Registrant's 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders, the incorporated portions of which are included as Exhibit 13 to this Report. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. PART III Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant. Incorporated by reference is the information beginning immediately following the caption "Election of Directors" to, but not including, the caption "Executive Compensation" contained in the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed no later than 120 days after the close of its fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 (the "1998 Proxy Statement") and the information appearing in Item 4(a) on pages 6 and 7 of this Report. Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance. Based solely on the Company's review of certain reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "1934 Act"), as amended, and written representations of the Company's officers and directors, the Company believes that all reports required to be filed pursuant to the 1934 Act with respect to transactions in the Company's Common Stock through December 31, 1997 were filed on a timely basis except for one filing on Form 4 covering one transaction for Patricia C. Barron. 8 Item 11. Executive Compensation. Incorporated by reference is the information beginning immediately following the caption "Executive Compensation" to, but not including, the caption "Compensation/Management Development Committee Report on Executive Compensation" contained in the Registrant's 1998 Proxy Statement. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management. Incorporated by reference is the information beginning immediately following the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" to, but not including, the caption "Election of Directors" contained in the Registrant's 1998 Proxy Statement. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions. No information is required to be provided in response to this Item 13. PART IV Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K. (a) Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 1. Financial Statements The following is a list of the Financial Statements and related documents which have been incorporated by reference from the Registrant's Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997, as set forth in Item 8: Consolidated Statement of Operations Consolidated Balance Sheet Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Accountants 9 2. Financial Statement Schedules All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. Financial statements of 50% or less owned companies have been omitted because none of the companies meets the criteria requiring inclusion of such statements. 3. Exhibits (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K) 3(a)--Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) as filed by Registrant with Form 10-K for the year 1996. 3(b)--By-Laws. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to Form 10-Q as filed by the Registrant for the quarter ended June 30, 1993. 4--Shareholder Rights Plan. Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K as filed by the Registrant on February 20, 1990. 10(a)--Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan as approved May 5, 1993. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) as filed by the Registrant with Form 10-K for the year 1993. 10(h)--Documents constituting employment contract by and between Quaker Chemical Europe B.V. and M. C. J. Meijer. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(h) as filed by Registrant with Form 10-K for the year 1993. 10(i)--Employment Agreement by and between the Registrant and Ronald J. Naples. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(i) as filed by Registrant with Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1995. 10(j)--Amendment to the Stock Option Agreement by and between the Registrant and Ronald J. Naples. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(i) as filed by Registrant with Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1995. 10(k)--Employment Agreement by and between Registrant and Jose Luiz Bregolato. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(k) as filed by Registrant with Form 10-K for the year 1995. 10(l)--Employment Agreement by and between Registrant and Daniel S. Ma. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(l) as filed by Registrant with Form 10-K for the year 1995. 10(n)--Deferred Compensation Plan as adopted by the Registrant on July 10, 1996. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(n) as filed by Registrant with Form 10-K for the year 1996. 10 10(o)--Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement by and between Registrant and Ronald J. Naples. 10(p)--Amendment No. 1 to 1995 Naples Restricted Stock Plan and Agreement by and between Registrant and Ronald J. Naples. 10(q)--Employment Agreement by and between Registrant and Joseph F. Virdone. 10(r)--Employment Agreement by and between Registrant and James A. Geier. 10(s)--Employment Agreement by and between Registrant and Joseph W. Bauer. 13 -- Portions of the 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders incorporated by reference. 21 -- Subsidiaries and Affiliates of the Registrant. 23 -- Consent of Independent Accountants. 27 -- Financial Data Schedule. (b) Reports on Form 8-K. No reports on Form 8-K were filed by the Registrant during the last quarter of the period covered by this Report. (c) The exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K filed as part of this Report or incorporated herein by reference are listed in subparagraph (a)(3) of this Item 14. (d) The financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. 11 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. QUAKER CHEMICAL CORPORATION --------------------------- Registrant Date: March 18, 1998 By: /s/ Ronald J. Naples -------------------------------- Ronald J. Naples Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signatures Capacity Date ---------- -------- ---- /s/ Ronald J. Naples - --------------------------- Principal Executive Officer March 18, 1998 Ronald J. Naples and Director Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer /s/ Richard J. Fagan - --------------------------- Principal Financial Officer March 18, 1998 Richard J. Fagan Controller and Treasurer /s/ Joseph B. Anderson, Jr. - --------------------------- Director March 18, 1998 Joseph B. Anderson, Jr. - --------------------------- Director March , 1998 Patricia C. Barron /s/ William L. Batchelor - --------------------------- Director March 18, 1998 William L. Batchelor /s/ Peter A. Benoliel - --------------------------- Director March 18, 1998 Peter A. Benoliel /s/ Lennox K. Black - --------------------------- Director March 18, 1998 Lennox K. Black /s/ Donald R. Caldwell - --------------------------- Director March 18, 1998 Donald R. Caldwell /s/ Robert E. Chappell - --------------------------- Director March 18, 1998 Robert E. Chappell /s/ Edwin J. Delattre - --------------------------- Director March 18, 1998 Edwin J. Delattre /s/ Robert P. Hauptfuhrer - --------------------------- Director March 18, 1998 Robert P. Hauptfuhrer /s/ Robert H. Rock - --------------------------- Director March 18, 1998 Robert H. Rock 12 EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit No. Description ----------- ----------- 10(o) Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement by and between Registrant and Ronald J. Naples 10(p) Amendment No. 1 to 1995 Naples Restricted Stock Plan and Agreement by and between Registrant and Ronald J. Naples 10(q) Employment Agreement by and between Registrant and Joseph F. Virdone 10(r) Employment Agreement by and between Registrant and James A. Geier 10(s) Employment Agreement by and between Registrant and Joseph W. Bauer 13 Portions of the 1997 Annual Report to Shareholders Incorporated by Reference 21 Subsidiaries and Affiliates of the Registrant 23 Consent of Independent Accountants 27 Financial Data Schedule 13