Exhibit 12(a) PP&L RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES (Millions of Dollars) 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Fixed charges, as defined: Interest on long-term debt ...................... $207 $213 $214 $226 $240 Interest on short-term debt and other interest ........................... 17 18 18 13 12 Amortization of debt discount, expense and premium - net.............................. 2 2 2 2 1 Interest on capital lease obligations Charged to expense .......................... 13 15 12 9 10 Capitalized ................................. 2 2 1 1 2 Estimated interest component of operating rentals ............................. 8 8 6 5 5 Proportionate share of fixed charges of 50-percent-or-less-owned persons ....................................... 1 1 1 1 1 Total fixed charges ..................... $250 $259 $254 $257 $271 Earnings, as defined: Net income ...................................... $329 $323 $216 $314 $306 Preferred and Preference Stock Dividend Requirements................................... 28 28 28 34 40 Less undistributed income of less than 50-percent-owned persons ................ - - 357 351 244 348 346 Add (Deduct): Federal income taxes ............................ 189 195 198 163 145 State income taxes .............................. 64 62 77 64 65 Deferred income taxes ........................... 10 15 (45) 22 33 Investment tax credit - net ..................... (10) (10) (12) (14) (14) Income taxes on other income and deductions - net .............................. 0 24 (38) (1) 0 Amortization of capitalized interest on capital leases .................... 4 5 9 12 13 Total fixed charges as above (excluding capitalized interest on capital lease obligations) ................. 248 257 253 256 271 Total earnings .......................... $862 $899 $686 $850 $859 Ratio of earnings to fixed charges ......................................... 3.45 3.47 2.70 3.31 3.15