Exhibit 12(a) PP&L RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES (Millions of Dollars) 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Fixed charges, as defined: Interest on long-term debt ............ $196 $207 $213 $214 $226 Interest on short-term debt and other interest ................. 25 17 18 18 13 Amortization of debt discount, expense and premium - net.................... 2 2 2 2 2 Interest on capital lease obligations Charged to expense ................ 9 13 15 12 9 Capitalized ....................... 2 2 2 1 1 Estimated interest component of operating rentals ................... 15 8 8 6 5 Proportionate share of fixed charges of 50-percent-or-less-owned persons ............................. 1 1 1 1 1 Total fixed charges ........... $250 $250 $259 $254 $257 Earnings, as defined: Net income ............................ $296 $329 $323 $216 $314 Preferred and Preference Stock Dividend Requirements......................... 24 28 28 28 34 Less undistributed income of less than 50-percent-owned persons ....... - - - - - 320 357 351 244 348 Add (Deduct): Federal income taxes .................. 169 189 195 198 163 State income taxes .................... 59 64 62 77 64 Deferred income taxes ................. 29 10 15 (45) 22 Investment tax credit - net ........... (10) (10) (10) (12) (14) Income taxes on other income and deductions - net .................... (9) 0 24 (38) (1) Amortization of capitalized interest on capital leases .......... 2 4 5 9 12 Total fixed charges as above (excluding capitalized interest on capital lease obligations) ....... 248 248 257 253 256 Total earnings ................ $808 $862 $899 $686 $850 Ratio of earnings to fixed charges ............................... 3.23 3.45 3.47 2.70 3.31