EXHIBIT 3.2
BYLAWS
OF
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
-------
SECTION 1. OFFICES:
- ------------------
The principal office of the Corporation shall be at 8 South Nevada
Avenue, Suite 101, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, and the Corporation shall have
other offices at such places as the Board of Directors may from time to time
determine.
ARTICLE II
STOCKHOLDER'S MEETINGS
----------------------
SECTION 1. PLACE:
- ----------------
The place of stockholders' meetings shall be the principal office of the
Corporation unless some other place either within or without the State of
Colorado shall be determined and designated from time to time by the Board of
Directors.
SECTION 2. ANNUAL MEETING:
- -------------------------
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation for the
election of directors to succeed those whose terms expire, and for the
transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting,
shall be held each year on a date to be determined by the Board of Directors
beginning in the year 1996. If the annual meeting of the stockholders be not
held, or if held and directors shall not have been elected for any reason, then
the election of directors may be held at any meeting of stockholders thereafter
called pursuant to these Bylaws and the laws of Colorado.
SECTION 3. SPECIAL MEETINGS:
- ---------------------------
Special meetings of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be
called by the President, the Board of Directors, or the holders of ten percent
(1O%) or more of all the shares entitled to vote at such meeting, by the giving
of notice in writing as hereinafter described.
SECTION 4. VOTING:
- -----------------
At all meetings of stockholders, voting may be viva voce; but any
qualified voter may demand a stock vote, whereupon such vote shall be taken by
ballot and the Secretary shall record the name of the stockholder voting, the
number of shares voted, and, if such vote shall be by proxy, the name of the
proxy holder. Voting may be in person or by proxy appointed in writing, manually
signed by the stockholder or his duly authorized attorney-in-fact. No proxy
shall be valid after eleven months from the date of its execution, unless
otherwise provided therein.
Each stockholder shall have such rights to vote as the Articles of
Incorporation provide for each share of stock registered in his name on the
books of the Corporation, except where the transfer books of the Corporation
shall have been closed or a date shall have been fixed as a record date, not
to exceed, in any case, sixty (60) days preceding the meeting, for the
determination of stockholders entitled to vote. The Secretary of the Corporation
shall make, at least ten (10) days before each meeting of stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting or any
adjournment thereof, arranged in alphabetical order, with the address of and the
number of shares held by each, which list, for a period of ten (10) days prior
to such meeting, shall be kept on file at the principal office of the
Corporation and shall be subject to inspection by any stockholder at any time
during usual business hours. Such list shall also be produced and kept open at
the time and place of the meeting and shall be subject to the inspection of any
stockholder during the whole time of the meeting.
SECTION 5. ORDER OF BUSINESS:
- ----------------------------
The order of business at any meeting of stockholders shall be as follows:
1. Calling the meeting to order.
2. Calling of roll.
3. Proof of notice of meeting.
4. Report of the Secretary of the stock represented at the meeting
and the existence or lack of a quorum.
5. Reading of minutes of last previous meeting and disposal of any
unapproved minutes.
6. Reports of officers.
7. Reports of committees.
8. Election of directors, if appropriate.
9. Unfinished business.
10. New business.
11. Adjournment.
12. To the extent that these Bylaws do not apply, Roberts' Rules of Order
shall prevail.
-2-
SECTION 6. NOTICES:
- ------------------
Written or printed notice stating the place, day, and hour of the
meeting and, in case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the
meeting is called, shall be delivered not less than ten (10) nor more than fifty
(50) days before the date of the meeting, either personally or by mail, by or at
the direction of the President, the Secretary, or the officer or persons calling
the meeting, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting,
except that, if the authorized capital stock is to be increased, at least thirty
(30) days' notice shall be given. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be
delivered when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the shareholder
at his address as it appears on the stock transfer books of the Corporation,
with postage thereon prepaid.
SECTION 7. QUORUM:
- -----------------
A quorum at any annual or special meeting shall consist of the
representation in person or by proxy of a majority in number of shares of the
outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting.
In the event a quorum be not present, the meeting may be adjourned by those
present for a period not to exceed sixty (60) days at any one adjournment; and
no further notice of the meeting or its adjournment shall be required. The
stockholders entitled to vote, present either in person or by proxy at such
adjourned meeting, shall, if equal to a majority of the shares entitled to vote
at the meeting, constitute a quorum, and the votes of a majority of those
present in numbers of shares entitled to vote shall be deemed the act of the
shareholders at such adjourned meeting.
SECTION 8. ACTION BY SHAREHOLDERS WITHOUT A MEETING:
- ---------------------------------------------------
Any action required to be or which may be taken at a meeting of the
shareholders of the Corporation may be taken without a meeting if a consent in
writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by all of the
shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.
ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
------------------
SECTION 1. ORGANIZATION AND POWERS:
- ----------------------------------
The Board of Directors shall constitute the policy-making or legislative
authority of the Corporation. Management of the affairs, property, and business
of the Corporation shall be vested in the Board of Directors, which shall
consist of not less than one (1) member. Directors shall be elected at the
annual meeting of stockholders by a plurality vote for a term of one (1) year,
and shall hold office until their successors are elected and qualify. Directors
need not be stockholders. Directors shall have all powers with respect to the
management, control, and determination of policies of the Corporation that are
not limited by these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation, or the statutes of
the State of Colorado, and the enumeration of any power shall not be considered
a limitation thereof.
-3-
SECTION 2. VACANCIES:
- --------------------
Any vacancy in the Board of Directors, however caused or created, shall
be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors,
though less than a quorum of the Board, or at a special meeting of the
stockholders called for that purpose. The directors elected to fill vacancies
shall hold office for the unexpired term and until their successors are elected
and qualify.
SECTION 3. REGULAR MEETINGS:
- ---------------------------
A regular meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held, without other
notice than this Bylaw, immediately after and at the same place as the annual
meeting of stockholders or any special meeting of stockholders at which a
director or directors shall have been elected. The Board of Directors may
provide by resolution the time and place, either within or without the State of
Colorado, for the holding of additional regular meetings without other notice
than such resolution.
SECTION 4. SPECIAL MEETINGS:
- ---------------------------
Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at the principal
office of the Corporation, or such other place as may be fixed by resolution of
the Board of Directors for such purpose, at any time on call of the President or
of any member of the Board, or may be held at any time and place without notice,
by unanimous written consent of all the members, or with the presence and
participation of all members at such meeting. A resolution in writing signed by
all the directors shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a
meeting of the directors duly called, constituted, and held.
SECTION 5. NOTICES:
- ------------------
Notices of both regular and special meetings, save when held by unanimous
consent or participation, shall be mailed by the Secretary to each member of the
Board not less than three (3) days before any such meeting and notices of
special meetings may state the purposes thereof. No failure or irregularity of
notice of any regular meeting shall invalidate such meeting or any proceeding
thereat.
SECTION 6. QUORUM AND MANNER OF ACTING:
- --------------------------------------
A quorum for any meeting of the Board of Directors shall be a majority of
the Board of Directors as then constituted. Any act of the majority of the
directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of
the Board of Directors. Any action of such majority, although not at a regularly
called meeting, and the record thereof, if assented to in writing by all of the
other members of the Board, shall always be as valid and effective in all
respects as if otherwise duly taken by the Board of Directors.
-4-
SECTION 7. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE:
- ------------------------------
The Board of Directors may by resolution of a majority of the Board
designate two (2) or more directors to constitute an executive committee, which
committee, to the extent provided in such resolution, shall have and may
exercise all of the authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the
Corporation; but the designation of such committee and the delegation of
authority thereto shall not operate to relieve the Board of Directors, or any
member thereof, of any responsibility imposed on it or him by law.
SECTION 8. ORDER OF BUSINESS:
- ----------------------------
The order of business at any regular or special meeting of the Board of
Directors, unless otherwise prescribed for any meeting by the Board, shall be as
follows:
1. Reading and disposal of any unapproved minutes.
2. Reports of officers and committees.
3. Unfinished business.
4. New business.
5. Adjournment.
6. To the extent that these Bylaws do not apply, Roberts' Rules of
Order shall prevail.
SECTION 9. REMUNERATION:
- -----------------------
No stated salary shall be paid to directors for their services as such,
but, by resolution of the Board of Directors, a fixed sum and expenses of
attendance, if any, may be allowed for attendance at each regular or special
meeting of the Board. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed
like compensation for attending meetings. Nothing herein contained shall be
construed to preclude any director from receiving compensation for serving the
Corporation in any other capacity, subject to such resolutions of the Board of
Directors as may then govern receipt of such compensation.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
--------
SECTION 1. TITLES:
- -----------------
The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a President, one or
more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, the last two of which
offices may be combined and held by one person, who shall be elected for one (1)
year by the directors at their first meeting following the annual meeting of
stockholders. Such officers shall hold office until their successors are elected
and qualify. The Board of Directors may appoint from time to time
-5-
such other officers as it deems desirable who shall serve during such terms as
may be fixed by the Board at a duly held meeting. The Board, by resolution,
shall specify the titles, duties and responsibilities of such officers.
SECTION 2. PRESIDENT:
- --------------------
The President shall preside at all meetings of stockholders and, in the
absence of a, or the, Chairman of the Board of Directors, at all meetings of the
directors. He shall be generally vested with the power of the chief executive
officer of the Corporation and shall countersign all certificates, contracts,
and other instruments of the Corporation as authorized by the Board of Directors
or required by law. He shall make reports to the Board of Directors and
stockholders and shall perform such other duties and services as may be required
of him from time to time by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 3. VICE PRESIDENT:
- -------------------------
The Vice President shall perform all the duties of the President if the
President is absent or for any other reason is unable to perform his duties and
shall have such other duties as the Board of Directors shall authorize or
direct.
SECTION 4. SECRETARY:
- --------------------
The Secretary shall issue notices of all meetings of stockholders and
directors, shall keep minutes of all such meetings, and shall record all
proceedings. He shall have custody and control of the corporate records and
books, excluding the books of account, together with the corporate seal. He
shall make such reports and perform such other duties as may be consistent with
his office or as may be required of him from time to time by the Board of
Directors.
SECTION 5. TREASURER:
- --------------------
The Treasurer shall have custody of all moneys and securities of the
Corporation and shall have supervision over the regular books of account. He
shall deposit all moneys, securities, and other valuable effects of the
Corporation in such banks and depositories as the Board of Directors may
designate and shall disburse the funds of the Corporation in payment of just
debts and demands against the Corporation, or as they may be ordered by the
Board of Directors, shall render such account of his transactions as may be
required of him by the President or the Board of Directors from time to time and
shall otherwise perform such duties as may be required of him by the Board of
Directors.
The Board of Directors may require the Treasurer to give a bond
indemnifying the Corporation against larceny, theft, embezzlement, forgery,
misappropriation, or any other act of fraud or dishonesty resulting from his
duties as Treasurer of the Corporation, which bond shall be in such amount as
appropriate resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors may require.
-6-
SECTION 6. VACANCIES OR ABSENCES:
- --------------------------------
If a vacancy in any office arises in any manner, the directors then in
office may choose, by a majority vote, a successor to hold office for the
unexpired term of the officer. If any officer shall be absent or unable for any
reason to perform his duties, the Board of Directors, to the extent not
otherwise inconsistent with these Bylaws, may direct that the duties of such
officer during such absence or inability shall be performed by such other
officer or subordinate officer as seems advisable to the Board.
SECTION 7. COMPENSATION:
- -----------------------
No officer shall receive any salary or compensation for his services
unless and until the Board of Directors authorizes and fixes the amount and
terms of such salary or compensation.
ARTICLE V
STOCK
-----
SECTION 1. CERTIFICATES OF SHARES:
- --------------------------------
Each holder of stock of the Corporation shall be entitled to a stock
certificate signed by the President or Vice President and also by the Secretary
or an assistant secretary of the Corporation. The certificates of shares shall
be in such form, not inconsistent with the Certificate of Incorporation or
Articles of Incorporation, as shall be prepared or approved by the Board of
Directors. (All certificates shall be prepared or approved by the Board of
Directors). All certificates shall be consecutively numbered. Each certificate
shall state upon its face that the Corporation is organized under the laws of
this state; the name of the person to whom issued; the number and class of
shares; and the designation of the series, if any, which such certificate
represents; the par value of each share represented by the certificate, or a
statement that the shares are without par value. The name of the person owning
the shares represented thereby, with the number of such shares and the date of
issue, shall be entered on the Corporation's books, and no certificate shall be
valid unless it be signed by the President or Vice President and by the
Secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation. The seal of the
Corporation affixed to stock certificates may be a facsimile. The signatures of
officers as above described on any such certificate may be a facsimile if the
certificate is countersigned by a transfer agent, or registered by a registrar,
other than the Corporation itself or an employee of the Corporation.
SECTION 2. NEW CERTIFICATES:
- ---------------------------
All certificates surrendered to the Corporation shall be canceled and no
new certificate shall be issued, except to evidence transfer of stock from the
unissued stock or treasury of the Corporation, or, in the case of a lost
certificate, except upon posting a bond of indemnity in such form and with such
surety or sureties and for such amount as shall be satisfactory to the directors
and upon producing by affidavit or otherwise such evidence of loss
-7-
or destruction as the Board may require, until the former certificates for the
same number of shares have been surrendered and canceled.
SECTION 3. TRANSFER OF SHARES:
- -----------------------------
Shares in the capital stock of the Corporation shall be transferred only
on the books of the Corporation by the holder thereof in person, or by his
attorney, upon surrender and cancellation of certificates for a like number of
shares. The delivery of a certificate of stock of this Corporation to a bona
fide purchaser or pledgee for value, together with a written transfer of the
same or a written power of attorney to sell, assign, and transfer the same,
signed by the owner of the certificate, shall be a sufficient delivery to
transfer the title against all persons except the Corporation. No transfer of
stock shall be valid against the Corporation until it shall have been registered
upon the books of the Corporation.
SECTION 4. CLOSING OF TRANSFER BOOKS OR PROVISIONS FOR RECORD DATE:
- ------------------------------------------------------------------
The stock transfer books may be closed by the Board of Directors for a
period not exceeding fifty (50) days prior to any meeting of the stockholders or
prior to the payment of dividends; or the Board of Directors may fix in advance
a day not more than fifty (50) days prior to the holding of any such meeting of
stockholders or payment of dividends as the day as of which stockholders
entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting or to payment of dividends, as
the case may be, shall be determined; and only stockholders of record on such
day shall be entitled to notice or to vote at such meeting, or to receive
dividends, as the case may be.
SECTION 5. REGULATIONS:
- ----------------------
The Board of Directors shall have power and authority to take all such
rules and regulations as they deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer, and
registration of certificates for shares of the capital stock of the Corporation.
The Board of Directors may appoint a Transfer Agent and a Registrar and may
require all stock certificates to bear the signature of such Transfer Agent or
such Registrar.
SECTION 6. RESTRICTIONS ON STOCK:
- --------------------------------
The Board of Directors may restrict any stock issued by giving the
Corporation or any stockholder "first right of refusal to purchase" the stock,
by making the stock redeemable or by restricting the transfer of the stock,
under such terms and in such manner as the directors may deem necessary and as
are not inconsistent with the Articles of Incorporation or the laws of the State
of Colorado. Any stock so restricted must carry a stamped legend setting out the
restriction or conspicuously noting the restriction and stating where it may be
found in the records of the Corporation.
-8-
ARTICLE VI
DIVIDENDS AND FINANCES
----------------------
SECTION 1. DIVIDENDS:
- --------------------
Dividends may be declared by the directors and paid out of any funds
legally available therefor under the laws of Colorado, as may be deemed
advisable from time to time by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. Before
declaring any dividends, the Board of Directors may set aside out of net profits
or earned or other surplus such sums as the Board may think proper as a reserve
fund to meet contingencies or for other purposes deemed proper and to the best
interests of the Corporation.
SECTION 2. MONIES:
- -----------------
The monies, securities, and other valuable effects of the Corporation
shall be deposited in the name of the Corporation in such banks or trust
companies as the Board of Directors shall designate and shall be drawn out or
removed only as may be authorized by the Board of Directors from time to time.
SECTION 3. FISCAL YEAR:
- ----------------------
Unless and until the Board of Directors by resolution shall determine
otherwise, the fiscal year shall begin on the 1st day of May and end on the 30th
day of April.
ARTICLE VII
SEAL
----
The Board of Directors may adopt a corporate seal which shall be in the
form of a circle and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation
and the words "SEAL, Colorado," and shall be entrusted in the care of the
Secretary or such other officer of the Corporation as the Board of Directors
shall designate.
ARTICLE VIII
NOTICES
-------
SECTION 1. REQUIREMENTS:
- -----------------------
Whenever a notice shall be required by the statutes of the State of
Colorado or by these Bylaws, such notice may be given in writing by depositing
the same in the United States mails in a postpaid, sealed envelope addressed to
the person for whom such notice is intended to his or her home or other address,
as the same shall appear on the stock transfer books of the Corporation. The
time of mailing shall be deemed to be the time of giving such notice. A waiver
of any notice in writing, signed by a stockholder, director,
-9-
or officer, whether before, at, or after the time stated in such waiver for
holding a meeting, shall be deemed the equivalent of duly giving such notice.
SECTION 2. PRESENCE:
- -------------------
The presence of any officer at a meeting, or the presence of any
stockholder or director at a meeting, unless such presence is for the sole
purpose of objecting to the holding of such meeting on the ground that it is not
duly held or convened, shall in all events be considered a waiver of notice
thereof; and failure to vote thereat shall not defeat the effectiveness of such
waiver.
SECTION 3. RATIFICATION:
- -----------------------
The ratification or approval in writing of the minutes of any meeting of
officers, stockholders, or directors shall have the same force and effect as if
the ratifying or approving officer, director, or stockholder were present in
person at said meeting.
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS
----------
These Bylaws may be altered, amended, or repealed by the Board of
Directors by resolution of a majority of the Board.
ARTICLE X
INDEMNIFICATION
---------------
The Corporation shall indemnify any and all of its directors or officers,
or former directors or officers, or any person who may have served at its
request as a director or officer of another corporation in which this
Corporation owns shares of capital stock or of which it is a creditor and the
personal representatives of all such persons, against expenses actually and
necessarily incurred in connection with the defense of any action, suit, or
proceeding in which they, or any of them, were made parties, or a party, by
reason of being or having been directors or officers or a director or officer of
the Corporation, or of such other corporation, except in relation to matters as
to which any such director or officer or person shall have been adjudged in such
action, suit, or proceeding to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the
performance of any duty owed to the Corporation. Such indemnification shall not
be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those indemnified may be
entitled, independently of this Article X, by law, under any Bylaw agreement,
vote of stockholders, or otherwise.
-10-
ARTICLE XI
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
---------------------
No contract or other transaction of the Corporation with any other
persons, firms or corporations, or in which the Corporation is interested,
shall be affected or invalidated by the fact that any one or more of the
directors or officers of the Corporation is interested in or is a director or
officer of such other firm or corporation; or by the fact that any director or
officer of the Corporation, individually or jointly with others, may be a party
to or may be interested in any such contract or transaction; and relieves every
person who may become a director or officer of the Corporation from any
liability that might otherwise arise by reason of his contracting with the
Corporation for the benefit of himself or any firm or corporation in which he
may in any way be interested.
CERTIFICATE
-----------
I do hereby certify that I was Secretary of the meeting of the Board of
Directors duly called and held on the 6th day of August, 1995, and I do hereby
certify that the above and foregoing Bylaws were duly adopted as the Bylaws of
said Corporation at such meeting.
/s/ ANTHONY THOMASON
_________________________________
Anthony Thomason, Secretary
(SEAL)
-11-