As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 19, 2000 Registration No. 333-34378 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 -------------- Amendment No. 1 to FORM S-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT Under THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 -------------- MainControl, Inc. -------------- DELAWARE 7371 54-1798820 (State or other (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer Jurisdiction of Incorporation) Classification Code Number) Identification Number) 7900 Westpark Drive Suite T500 McLean, Virginia 22102 (703) 749-2308 -------------- ALEX PINCHEV Chairman/President & CEO Copies to: ABIGAIL ARMS, ESQ. WILLIAM J. GRANT, JR., ESQ. Shearman & Sterling Willkie Farr & Gallagher 801 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Suite 900 787 Seventh Avenue Washington, D.C. 20004-2604 New York, New York 10019 (202) 508-8000 (212) 728- 8000 -------------- As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement. If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") check the following box. [_] If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [_] If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [_] If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [_] If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. [_] CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposed Maximum Proposed Maximum Amount of Title of Securities Amount to be Offering Price Per Aggregate Offering Registration to be Registered Registered Share Price* Fee(1) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Common Stock ($0.001 par value)......................... $ $57,500,000 $15,180(2) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Estimated solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) promulgated under the Securities Act. (2) $15,180 was previously paid. The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may + +not sell the securities until the registration statement filed with the + +Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an + +offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these + +securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted. + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Subject to Completion Preliminary Prospectus dated June 19, 2000 PROSPECTUS Shares [Logo] MainControl, Inc. Common Stock ------------ This is MainControl's initial public offering of common stock. We expect the public offering price to be between $ and $ per share. Currently, no public market exists for our shares of common stock. After pricing of the offering, we expect that our shares of common stock will trade on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "MNCL." Investing in our common stock involves risks that are described in the "Risk Factors" section beginning on page 6 of this prospectus. ------------ Per Share Total --------- ----- Public offering price............................. $ $ Underwriting discount............................. $ $ Proceeds, before expenses, to MainControl......... $ $ The underwriters also may purchase from MainControl and some of our stockholders up to an additional shares at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus to cover over-allotments. Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The shares of common stock will be ready for delivery on or about , 2000. ------------ Merrill Lynch & Co. Banc of America Securities LLC Dain Rauscher Wessels ------------ The date of this prospectus is June 19, 2000 [GRAPHIC: MAINCONTROL ORB (FOR INSIDE COVER)] Title: COMPLETE E-INFRASTRUCTURE LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT A multi-colored circle with four distinct quadrants. . Upper left quadrant has an image of a globe. . Upper right quadrant has an image of two people working at a PC. . Lower left quadrant has an image of office workers, the @ sign and has text super-imposed over it. . Lower right quadrant has an image of a keyboard and the inside of a computer. . Super-imposed in the multi-colored circle is the text MC/EMpower i.series. An outside circle with upper left, the word procurement is written over an arrow leading towards 12 o'clock. . At 12 o'clock, there is a circle with the words acquisition, delivery and order in it with bullets. . Continuing around the circle towards 3 o'clock, the word usage is written over an arrow. . At 3 o'clock, there is a circle with the words maintenance and deployment in it with bullets. . Continuing around the circle towards 6 o'clock, the word disposal is written over an arrow. . At 6 o'clock, there is a circle with the word retirement in it with a bullet. . Continuing around the circle towards 9 o'clock, the word demand is written over an arrow. . At 9 o'clock, there is a circle with the word planning in it with a bullet. Beneath the graphics is the following text: Our MC/EMpower i.series software provides comprehensive e-infrastructure life cycle management that enables organizations to maximize the value of their e- infrastructure investments. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ---- Prospectus Summary....................................................... 3 Risk Factors............................................................. 6 Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements........................ 17 Use of Proceeds.......................................................... 18 Dividend Policy.......................................................... 18 Capitalization........................................................... 19 Dilution................................................................. 20 Selected Consolidated Financial Data..................................... 22 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations........................................................... 24 Business................................................................. 39 Management............................................................... 51 Related Party Transactions and Certain Relationships .................... 58 Principal and Selling Stockholders....................................... 61 Description of Capital Stock............................................. 64 Shares Eligible for Future Sale.......................................... 67 Underwriting............................................................. 68 Legal Matters............................................................ 71 Experts.................................................................. 71 Where You Can Find More Information...................................... 71 Index to Consolidated Financial Statements............................... F-1 ---------------- You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date. 2 PROSPECTUS SUMMARY This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto, before making an investment decision. We are a leading provider of e-infrastructure management software and services that enable organizations to maximize the value of their e- infrastructure through efficient planning and management processes. An organization's e-infrastructure includes traditional technology assets such as desktop and laptop computers, servers, software, network equipment, telecommunications equipment and mobile devices, as well as technology assets that are increasingly associated with today's Internet economy, such as Web servers, Internet security software and e-commerce software. Our e- infrastructure management software enables organizations to manage the complete life cycle of their technology assets including the planning, procurement, deployment, tracking, maintenance and disposal of those assets. In addition, our software provides organizations with a single, comprehensive view of their e-infrastructure by providing a consolidated repository of information that can be accessed throughout the organization with a Web browser. Furthermore, our software is highly flexible and scaleable and integrates with other existing applications without requiring extensive customization. These features allow organizations to efficiently manage their technology investments to meet business objectives. Finally, we can either deliver our software modules through on-site installation or as a standardized subscription service over the Internet through our recently introduced application service provider, or ASP, delivery method. Our subscription service allows organizations to use our software without incurring license fees and implementation expenses, which we believe will make our software more accessible to small and medium sized organizations. Global competitive pressures are driving organizations to continuously seek innovative ways to develop, market and maintain their products and services and to attract, serve and retain their customers. To enhance their competitiveness, organizations are increasingly utilizing the Internet to enable employees, customers, partners and vendors to communicate and conduct business electronically, commonly referred to as e-business. Time-to-market pressures, the increasing adoption of e-business activities and an ever changing technology environment have placed a tremendous strain on the e- infrastructures of many organizations and are driving the need for increased investments in technology assets and alignment of these investments with business objectives. To enable and support these objectives, organizations are dependent upon, and investing significantly in, software and services to manage their technology assets. Gartner Group, Inc. estimates that the combined market for the U.S. and Europe for managing information technology assets will grow from approximately $3.7 billion in 1999 to $7.0 billion in 2002. Furthermore, META Group, Inc. projects that by 2002, more than 50% of organizations will have implemented e-infrastructure management programs. Our objective is to become the leading provider of e-infrastructure management software and services. Key elements of our strategy include expanding our customer base by offering subscription services, increasing our global presence, extending the core functionality of our software by pursuing strategic relationships or acquisitions, building upon our technological leadership and developing business-to-business solutions. We market and sell our software primarily through our direct sales force, as well as a variety of strategic alliances including distributors, resellers, outsourcers, and systems integrators. As of March 31, 2000, we had a direct sales force of 27 account executives and pre-sales software engineers in seven locations in North America and Europe. Our distributors are principally located in Europe, specifically in Madrid, Milan, Munich and Paris. Our strategic relationships include Amdahl Corporation, Computer Sciences Corporation, Compaq Computer Corporation, KPMG Consulting LLC, PeopleSoft, Inc. and Unisys Corporation. As of March 31, 2000, we had over 200 customers including Andersen Consulting, Home Depot, Inc., HypoVereinsbank AG, Sears, Roebuck & Co., Southwest Airlines Co., Swisscom AG and Unilever PLC. We were incorporated in Delaware on January 5, 1996. Our principal executive offices are located at 7900 Westpark Drive, Suite T500, McLean, Virginia 22102, and our telephone number is (703) 749-2308. Our Web site is located at www.maincontrol.com. The information on our Web site is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus. 3 THE OFFERING Common stock offered by MainControl................... shares Shares outstanding after the offering...................... shares Use of proceeds............... We intend to use the net proceeds from the offering for: . the expansion of our international and North American sales and marketing operations; . investment in product development; . working capital; and . general corporate purposes. Risk Factors.................. See "Risk Factors" and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock. Proposed Nasdaq National Market symbol................. MNCL The number of shares of common stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on shares outstanding as of March 31, 2000 adjusted for: . the conversion of all of our outstanding convertible preferred stock into 15,550,298 shares of common stock. If the initial public offering price is less than $9.00 per share, an additional 632,419 shares of common stock will be issued to the Series C preferred stockholders; and . the sale of shares of our common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share and our receipt of the estimated net proceeds of this offering (after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses). The number of shares of our common stock that will be outstanding after this offering does not include: . 2,479,761 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted-average exercise price of $2.86 per share as of March 31, 2000; . 1,956,007 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 1996 Stock Option Plan as of March 31, 2000, of which 253,335 stock options were granted during the period from April 1, 2000 to June 15, 2000 at a weighted-average exercise price of $7.59 per share; . 4,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to an amendment of our 1996 Stock Option Plan as of May 4, 2000; . 4,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan; and . 2,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to our 401(k) Savings Plan. Unless otherwise noted, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option. 4 SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA (in thousands, except per share data) Six Nine Months Year Ended Months Ended Year Ended Ended December 31, September 30, September 30, March 31, ------------ ------------- --------------------------- --------------------- 1995 (/1/) 1996 (/2/) 1997 1998 1999 1999 2000 ------------ ------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- ----------- Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: Total revenue........... $ 102 $ 155 $ 2,685 $ 8,530 $ 15,503 $ 5,587 $10,148 Gross profit............ 99 150 1,173 4,426 9,997 3,154 7,344 Operating loss.......... (570) (1,752) (5,016) (6,996) (9,668) (4,984) (6,540) Net loss................ (582) (1,678) (4,872) (6,699) (10,474) (5,251) (7,117) Net loss available for common stockholders.... (582) (1,678) (5,150) (10,051) (14,157) (6,957) (14,253) Basic and diluted net loss per common share.. $(0.29) $ (0.38) $ (0.86) $ (1.49) $ (1.89) $ (0.96) $ (1.79) Weighted average number of common shares....... 2,000 4,453 5,980 6,744 7,506 7,236 7,959 - -------- (1) The consolidated statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 1995 reflect the results of operations of our Israeli predecessor company, which reported on a calendar year basis. (2) In January 1996, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of our predecessor company and changed our fiscal year for financial reporting purposes from December 31 to September 30. As a result, the consolidated statement of operations data for 1996 have been prepared for the nine months ended September 30. Consequently, comparisons of this nine month period with the subsequent and prior twelve month periods may provide limited meaningful information about our business and results of operations. As of March 31, 2000 --------------------- Pro Forma Actual as Adjusted -------- ----------- Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents.................................................... $ 16,881 $ Working capital.............................................................. 18,824 Total assets................................................................. 29,131 Long-term debt............................................................... 1,179 1,179 Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock....................................... 62,265 -- Stockholders' (deficit) equity............................................... (41,452) In the pro forma as adjusted column, we have adjusted the actual numbers to reflect the events set forth on the previous page. 5 RISK FACTORS An investment in MainControl involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the following discussion of risks together with the other information and financial data contained in this prospectus before deciding to invest in our common stock. Any of the following risks could harm our business, operating results or financial condition. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Any reference to a fiscal year refers to our fiscal year ending on September 30 of that calendar year. Risks related to our business We have a limited operating history, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects. We began product development efforts in 1994, and commenced commercialization of our software in 1996. You must evaluate us and our future prospects in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties often encountered by companies with limited operating histories and particularly by companies that operate in new and rapidly evolving markets such as the market for e- infrastructure management software and services. Some of these risks relate to market acceptance of our software and our ability to: . effectively market and sell our software; . develop and offer new, reliable and cost effective software and service offerings; and . attract and retain qualified personnel. If we are unable to successfully address these risks, our business will be harmed. Also, because of our limited operating history, comparison of our operating results and financial position over different periods may not necessarily be meaningful, and you should not rely on these comparisons as indications of future performance. We have had operating losses, and expect to incur losses in the future. Our revenue and net income potential is unproven and we cannot guarantee that we will ever be profitable, or that our operating losses will not increase in the future. Since we began doing business, we have generated significant losses and negative cash flow from operations. These losses have been due primarily to our product development efforts and, since the start of fiscal year 1996, investments in marketing and sales resources. We may not experience any revenue growth, and our revenue could decline. Moreover, we expect to incur significant sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses. In the future, we expect to incur substantial non-cash costs relating to the amortization of deferred stock-based compensation which will contribute to our net losses. We had operating losses of $5.0 million, $7.0 million and $9.7 million for fiscal years 1997, 1998 and 1999; and $6.5 million for the six months ended March 31, 2000. At March 31, 2000, we had an accumulated deficit of $40.1 million. Our future operating expenses and capital expenditures will increase, which may harm our operating results. We have experienced significant personnel and internal infrastructure growth since we began operations in 1994. This growth required us to incur substantial operating expenses of approximately $19.7 million for fiscal year 1999 and $13.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2000. We will continue to incur significant operating expenses and capital expenditures as we seek to: . pursue strategic opportunities, including acquisitions, alliances and relationships with other companies; 6 . expand our worldwide sales and marketing operations; and . develop our software to address the e-infrastructure needs of new markets such as the Internet business market. If these expenditures do not lead to improved results, we may not earn profits. Our software is subject to long and uncertain sales cycles which make it difficult to predict with any certainty our future revenue and cash flow from operations. The sales cycle for our software licenses has historically taken approximately six to twelve months to complete. The length of the sales cycle may vary depending on factors over which we have little or no control, such as the size of the transaction, the internal activities of potential customers and the level of competition which we encounter in selling our software. We typically ship a majority of orders within a few days of receipt of the order and, therefore, we may not have significant license revenue backlog at any point in time. Consequently, we may be unable to predict with certainty the amount and timing of future orders and thus our future operating revenue and operating cash positions. Any delay in the sales cycle of a large license or a number of small licenses could decrease our revenue and cash flow. Our quarterly results may fluctuate and are difficult to predict; if we do not meet the performance expectations of analysts or investors, the market price of our stock may decline. Our quarterly revenue and results have not been predictable, and will likely remain unpredictable for the foreseeable future, largely as a result of the impact of the timing of software sales, the efforts of our sales force to meet their quarterly and annual sales quotas, and frequent attempts by our customers to secure more favorable terms by timing their purchases late in the quarter or fiscal year. As a result, we may at times fail to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors. Our failure to meet those expectations likely would cause the market price of our stock to decline. Our quarterly results may continue to vary significantly in the future depending upon a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including: . market demand for our software; . the size, timing and contractual terms of orders; . our ability to develop, introduce and market new software and enhanced versions of existing software on a timely basis, including our subscription service; . actions taken by our competitors, including the timing and significance of new product announcements or releases; . changes in pricing policies of our competitors; . budgeting cycles of potential customers and changes in those cycles; . our ability to control operating expenses and other costs; . increase in sales of software that includes third-party technology resulting in higher royalty obligations; . deferrals of customer orders in anticipation of software enhancements, new software introductions or price reductions; and . success in retaining and enhancing existing customer and distribution relationships and developing new relationships with customers, strategic partners and distributors. 7 We currently rely on sales of our MC/EMpower software, and in the future expect to rely on sales of our MC/EMpower i.series software and our new subscription service for our MC/EMpower i.series software, for a significant portion of our revenue; if we are unable to successfully sell, or if organizations do not accept, this software or our subscription service, our revenue will decrease. We currently derive substantially all of our license revenue from the sale of our MC/EMpower software, and we expect our new subscription service for our next generation MC/EMpower i.series software to account for a significant portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future. Our subscription service is based on an unproven business model that we have little experience operating and which may fail to gain market acceptance. As of March 31, 2000, we had not derived any revenue from our MC/EMpower i.series software or from our subscription service. As a result, the introduction of our new software and subscription service will make it more difficult for you to evaluate our future prospects. Our revenue may decrease and our ability to continue operating may be harmed if demand for, or market share of, this software does not grow. We currently rely on sales to a small number of customers; if we are unable to maintain these customers and attract new customers, our business will suffer. We currently derive a significant portion of our revenue from large sales to a small number of customers per year. During the six months ended March 31, 2000, two customers accounted for 31% of our total revenue. In fiscal year 1999, three customers accounted for 40% of our total revenue. Our future sales volume depends on our ability to expand our customer base and to obtain additional sales of software and services to existing customers. In addition, we have historically focused our sales efforts on sales to large organizations. If we are unable to expand our software customer base or to attract small and mid-sized organizations as customers, or if one or more major customers decide not to purchase additional software and service from us, our revenue will not grow at the rate we expect and our ability to continue operating may be harmed. If we fail in our efforts to expand our distribution channels, or are unable to maintain our existing distribution channels, our sales will suffer. We historically have sold a substantial amount of our software through marketing arrangements with distributors. A small number of such distributors have accounted for a significant amount of our revenue. During fiscal year 1999, and the six months ended March 31, 2000, Interchip Distributed Systems GmbH, or Interchip, a distributor and German affiliate of ours, accounted for 17.3% and 1.9% of our revenue, respectively. Our relationships with our distributors are non-exclusive and these distributors may also carry competing software lines. Furthermore, our distributors may cease to actively promote, support and service our software, and the level of sales through these distributors may decrease in the future. We also are currently expanding our sales and marketing channels by forming relationships with system integrators, original equipment manufacturers and other distribution channels. If, despite these investments, we do not attract and retain distribution channels that either have the capacity to market our software effectively or are qualified to provide timely and cost- effective customer support and service, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. We are in the process of expanding our direct sales force to complement our marketing arrangements with distributors. As we have only recently begun this expansion, our direct sales force has limited experience selling our software. If we are unable to successfully and rapidly train our direct sales force, we may be unable to consummate the number of sales we anticipate making through the direct sales force, which could harm our growth. 8 Some of our software is dependent upon our ValueSolution joint venture; any change in the existing structure of our relationship could harm our business. We and USU Softwarehaus Unternehmensberatung AG, or USU, which is one of our stockholders, formed a joint venture that became effective in December 1998, called ValueSolution GmbH & Co. KG, or ValueSolution. The purpose of the joint venture is to further develop, enhance and market software originally developed by USU. Our next generation of software, the MC/EMpower i.series, contains a portion of the ValueSolution software. The ValueSolution software has in the past accounted, and is expected to continue to account, for a significant percentage of our license revenue. During the six months ended March 31, 2000, this software accounted for 41.8% of our license revenue. In fiscal year 1999, it accounted for 41.4% of our license revenue. Under the terms of the joint venture, ValueSolution owns the intellectual property rights to the ValueSolution software and has granted to us the exclusive right to market and sublicense the ValueSolution software worldwide except in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. We cannot guarantee that the ValueSolution joint venture will continue, that the terms of the joint venture arrangement will not be renegotiated or that the terms of the joint venture agreement will be sufficient to protect our exclusive marketing rights after the joint venture has been terminated. A change in the terms or termination of the joint venture might reduce our right to distribute the ValueSolution software, which would seriously harm our business. If we are unable to hire and retain key personnel, we will be unable to effectively execute our business plan. Our operations are dependent on the continued efforts of our executive officers and senior management, particularly Alex Pinchev, our Chairman of the board of directors, president, chief executive officer and founder. We have an employment contract with Mr. Pinchev and a $4.0 million "key person" life insurance policy on him, which provides for $2.0 million in benefits to MainControl and $2.0 million in benefits to Mr. Pinchev's family. Nevertheless, because of Mr. Pinchev's unique knowledge of our business as our founder, and because of his numerous business relationships with potential clients, the loss of Mr. Pinchev's services would seriously harm our business. In addition, while our executive officers and senior management are subject to non-compete restrictions and confidentiality provisions, such provisions may not be effective in preventing these persons from working for a competitor. The competition for experienced senior management is intense and there is no guarantee that we could hire experienced individuals to replace our current executive officers. We also are dependent upon our ability to attract, hire and retain information technology professionals who possess the skills and experience necessary to meet the product development and service requirements of our customers. We must continually identify, screen and retain qualified information technology professionals to perform our business operations and to satisfy customer needs. Competition with other providers of technical services, systems integrators, providers of outsourcing services, computer systems consultants, customers and temporary staffing companies for qualified individuals with proven technical skills is highly intense. Companies in our industry whose employees accept positions with competitors frequently claim that their competitors have engaged in unfair hiring practices or trade secret misappropriation. We cannot assure you that we will not receive claims of this kind in the future based on past or future hires, or that those claims will not result in material litigation. In addition, as with any suit, regardless of the suit's merits, we could incur substantial costs defending ourselves and/or our employees. Also, defending ourselves from such claims could divert the attention of our management away from our operations. As a result, we may not be able to attract, hire and retain a sufficient number of qualified information technology professionals. If we were to lose the services of one or more of our executive officers or information technology professionals or were unable to hire and integrate new personnel, we would be unable to effectively execute our business plan. If we fail to manage our future growth effectively, and do not successfully upgrade our internal management and reporting systems, our business may suffer. Our growth will place a significant strain on our management and operational and financial resources, including our existing internal management and reporting systems. In particular, our internal management and 9 reporting systems are currently operating above their normal capacity, as a result of which we are using additional, relatively time-consuming manual-entry systems for some accounting and other functions. We are in the process of evaluating various options for upgrading these internal management and reporting systems; however, if we experience delays in the implementation of these upgrades, or if the upgrades are not completed successfully, we may not be able to manage our future growth successfully. Our failure to adequately manage our growth or to successfully complete these upgrades would harm our business. We face significant competition, which may result in loss of market share and reduced revenue. The market for our software is highly competitive, fragmented and subject to rapid technological change and frequent new software introductions and enhancements. Competitors vary in size and in the scope and breadth of software and services offered. While we believe that only one other company, Peregrine Systems, Inc., positions itself as a direct competitor to us, we encounter competition from a number of additional sources, including: . providers of internal help desk software applications, such as Remedy Corporation, that are developing new software to complement these applications in order to broaden the scope of their e-infrastructure management solutions; . enterprise management software companies such as Microsoft Corporation, Tivoli Systems, Inc., a subsidiary of IBM, Computer Associates International, Inc. and Hewlett-Packard Company; . point product offerings such as inventory management, software distribution and other database application offerings from companies such as Janus Technologies, Inc., Tally Systems Corporation and Tangram Enterprise Solutions, Inc.; and . internally developed software applications. We believe that many of our existing competitors, as well as potential new competitors, have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. As a result, they may be able to allocate significantly greater resources to the development, promotion or acquisition of products that apply to e-infrastructure management. This could result in greater market acceptance of competitor products, provide competitors with the ability to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements, or allow competitors to allocate greater resources than we can to the development, marketing and sale of their products. Current and future competitors may also make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with others. By doing so, they may increase their ability to meet the needs of our potential customers. Our current or prospective distributors and resellers may establish cooperative relationships with competitors. Such relationships may limit our ability to sell our software through specific distribution channels. We also expect software industry consolidation to continue in the future. Accordingly, it is possible that new competitors or alliances among current and future competitors may emerge and rapidly gain significant market share. These developments could cause us to lose market share, which could cause our revenues to decrease. If we fail to successfully address technological changes and product development risks, our business will suffer. The market for technology and e-infrastructure management software and services is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, frequent new product developments and changing customer demands. Our future success requires that a large number of organizations recognize the critical importance of managing the life cycle of e-infrastructure assets and analyzing the total cost of ownership of each e-infrastructure asset in order to compete successfully. Our success will further depend on our ability to: . adapt to changing technologies and industry standards, including the Internet; . continually improve the performance, features, ease of use and reliability of our software; and . avoid the risk of technological obsolescence through our research and development efforts. 10 Our product development efforts are expected to continue to require substantial investments. We may not have sufficient resources to make the necessary investments. We have not in the past experienced significant development delays, but we may do so in the future. We may experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful development, introduction or marketing of new or enhanced software. In addition, our software may not achieve market acceptance, or our current or future software may not conform to industry requirements. If we do not succeed in introducing new technology on a timely basis to meet customer and market demands and avoid technological obsolescence, the acceptance of our software may decline or fail to grow, which would harm our business. Uncertainties regarding our current and future international operations could harm our business. We expect that the current and planned growth of our international operations will lead to increased financial and administrative demands. For example, expanded facilities will complicate operations, managing relationships with new foreign partners will mean additional administrative burdens, and managing foreign currency risks will require expanded treasury functions. We also may need to expand and support our organization to develop our indirect distribution channels in new and expanded markets and to accommodate growth in our installed customer base. One or more of the following factors may reduce our ability to successfully implement our international strategy, and may therefore harm our ability to expand our business: . changes in local regulatory requirements; . difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations; . inability to customize software for local markets; . seasonal fluctuations in purchasing patterns; . longer accounts receivable payment patterns; . fluctuations in currency exchange rates; . lack of correlation between our revenue and expenses denominated in foreign currencies; . difficulties relating to the enforcement of contracts; . unstable economic and political conditions in foreign markets; . adverse changes in global financial markets, such as interest rates; . adverse tax consequences; and . the burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws. If we do not successfully manage future acquisitions, if any, our business may be harmed. As part of our business strategy, we may find it desirable to make acquisitions of, or significant investments in, businesses that offer complementary products, services and technologies. If we identify an appropriate acquisition candidate, we may not be able to negotiate the terms of the acquisition successfully or finance the acquisition. If we consummate one or more significant acquisitions in which the consideration consists of stock or other securities, your ownership percentage in MainControl could be significantly diluted. If we were to proceed with one or more significant acquisitions in which the consideration included cash, we could be required to use a substantial portion of our available cash, including proceeds of this offering. In addition, we may be required to amortize significant amounts of goodwill and other intangible assets in connection with future acquisitions, which could lower our net income. Risks associated with any future acquisitions may be influenced by the following factors: . difficulties in assimilating the technology, operations or personnel of the acquired businesses into ours; . potential disruption of our ongoing business; 11 . difficulties in maximizing our financial and strategic position through the successful integration of acquired personnel, clients or technologies; . problems in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies; . impairment of our relationships with our employees and clients as a result of any integration of new businesses and management personnel; and . the diversion of our management's attention. If we engage in acquisitions in the future, any failure by us to successfully address these factors could harm our business. Our software may suffer from defects or errors, which may harm our reputation or subject us to product liability claims. Our software is highly complex and sophisticated and may contain design defects or software errors that are difficult to detect and correct. Errors, defects or viruses may result in loss or delay in market acceptance or loss of client data and could harm our reputation, credibility and relationships with current and prospective customers and vendors. As a result, any errors in our software could cause our business, operating results and financial condition to suffer. Our license agreements with our customers typically contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to potential product liability claims. It is possible, however, that the limitation of liability provisions contained in the license agreements may not be effective under the laws of certain jurisdictions. Although we have not experienced any product liability claims to date, our sale and support of our software may expose us to such claims in the future. A product liability claim brought against us could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. System failures or capacity constraints may diminish our ability to generate revenue from our subscription service. The hardware infrastructure on which our subscription service operates is installed at the USinternetworking, Inc., or USi, data center in Annapolis, Maryland. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage this relationship successfully to mitigate any risks associated with having our hardware infrastructure maintained by USi. Unexpected events such as natural disasters, power losses and vandalism could damage USi's systems. Telecommunications failures, computer viruses, electronic break-ins or other similar disruptive problems could harm the operation of USi's systems. Our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that may occur due to any damages or interruptions in USI's systems. Accordingly, we could be required to make capital expenditures in the event of damage. Periodically, we may experience unscheduled system downtime that results in our subscription service being inaccessible to customers. If these problems occur, our customers and business relations could lose confidence in our services. A substantial increase in the use of our subscription service could strain the capacity of USi's systems, which could lead to slower response time or system failures. System failures or slowdowns could reduce the speed and responsiveness of our subscription service. As a result, our reputation could be harmed. Given the limited history of our relationship, the ability of USi's systems to manage a significantly increased volume of our transactions in a production environment is unknown. As a result, we face risks related to USi's ability to scale up to our expected transaction levels while maintaining satisfactory performance. If our transaction volume increases significantly, we may need to contract for additional servers and networking equipment for USi to operate in order to maintain adequate data transmission speeds. The availability of these products and related services may be limited or their cost may be significant, which could cause our business to suffer. 12 Disputes regarding our intellectual property could harm our ability to sell our software. Our success is dependent, in large part, upon our proprietary technology, which we attempt to protect by relying on trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret law, together with confidentiality arrangements which include restrictions on disclosure and transfer of title. We seek to protect our software, documentation and other written materials under trade secret and copyright law, which provides only limited protection. Despite precautions taken by us, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy aspects of our current or future software or to obtain and use information which would harm our business. In addition, litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our property rights with no guarantee of outcome and the time and costs of such litigation could cause our business, operating results and financial condition to suffer. There has been a substantial amount of litigation in the software industry and the Internet industry regarding intellectual property rights. It is possible that in the future, third parties may claim that we or our current or potential future software and trademarks infringe on their intellectual property. We expect that software product developers and providers of electronic commerce solutions will increasingly be subject to infringement claims as the number of products and competitors in our industry segment grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlap. Any claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation or injunctions, cause product shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all, which could seriously harm our business. Some of our software is dependent on the marketing and distribution of proprietary information from third parties and we are subject to compliance with the terms of such marketing and distribution agreements. Despite precautions taken by us, we cannot assure you that the terms of our license agreements with third parties will not be breached. In addition, we cannot assure you that our business activities will not infringe upon the proprietary rights of vendors or others, or that other persons will not assert infringement claims against us. Although to date we have not been subject to such claims, any such claims in the future might subject us to significant liability for damages. Also, even if we successfully defend such a claim, the time and cost of such litigation could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, MainControl, Ltd., our Israeli subsidiary, owns the intellectual property rights to earlier versions of a portion of our MC/EMpower software. We are under restrictions related to the transfer and use of this technology outside of Israel because of funding in the total amount of $365,000 provided by the Office of the Chief Scientist of the State of Israel to MainControl, Ltd. in 1994 and 1995. We have submitted an application to the Office of the Chief Scientist to narrow the scope of these restrictions due to the evolution and change in our technology since that time and to approve our use of this technology. Although there are no guarantees that the Office of the Chief Scientist will grant our application, we believe that, at a minimum, we will be required to accelerate repayment to the Chief Scientist, possibly at a rate of 300%, resulting in royalty payments of $1.1 million. Our business may be harmed if we are unable to obtain future financing. We expect that the net proceeds from the offering will be sufficient to meet our anticipated needs for working capital, operating expenses and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. We may need to raise additional funds in the future to finance new or enhanced product development, increased sales and marketing promotions, rapid geographic expansion, implementation of new or enhanced services, and acquisition of complementary businesses, technologies or services. While we currently have no arrangements to engage in acquisition transactions, we could do so at any time in the future which could result in the need to raise additional capital. We cannot guarantee that additional financing will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If additional funds are not available, or are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to fund our 13 expansion, take advantage of acquisition opportunities, or develop or enhance products and services. This lack of funds could therefore diminish our ability to successfully implement our business strategy and could consequently harm our business and operations. In addition, we may issue additional equity to finance our business, which could cause the market price of our common stock to decline or have a dilutive effect on holders of outstanding shares of our common stock. Our transactions with related parties may harm our marketing and sales efforts and may result in our engaging in transactions on terms that are less favorable than we might obtain from unrelated third parties. We are a party to several significant agreements with related parties. We are a party to an international marketing agreement with Interchip, a German software distribution and consulting company based in Munich, Germany, owned by Mr. Alex Pinchev and Mr. Dieter Riffel, both members of our board of directors, together with relatives of Mr. Pinchev and Mr. Riffel. Interchip has a non- exclusive right to market our software, other than the ValueSolution software, in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Interchip is obligated to pay us a royalty, generally 50%, of the license and maintenance revenue realized from each sale of our software. Our current strategy is to build up our direct sales force in Europe, which will put our sales force in direct competition with Interchip for sales of our software in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. We may be unable to successfully manage the relationship between our direct sales force and our distributor in those areas, which could lead to pricing competition between us and our affiliates and the potential loss of customers, all of which would harm our business. Additionally, we have entered into agreements with USU and ValueSolution and may continue to enter into agreements with related parties in the future. If we are unable to continue our current, or enter into new, arrangements on an arm's-length basis, we may engage in transactions with related parties on terms that are less favorable to us than the terms we would obtain in negotiations with unrelated third parties, which would cause our results of operations to suffer. Risks Related to our Industry We depend on the continued use of the Internet as a medium for implementing many of our software applications; if the Internet does not continue to be a viable means to conduct and transact business, we may not be able to execute our strategy. Rapid growth in the use of the Internet has occurred only recently, and many issues are not yet, and may never be, fully resolved. For example, we cannot assure you that the Internet will continue to effectively support the capacity, speed, and security demands placed upon it as it continues to experience increased numbers of users, frequency of use and increased requirements for data transmission by users. Even if the necessary infrastructure or technologies are developed, we may incur considerable costs to adapt our solutions accordingly. Also, the Web has experienced a variety of outages and delays due to damage to portions of its infrastructure or attacks by hackers. These outages and delays could impact our ability to offer our software on a hosted basis. Acceptance and use of the Internet may not continue to develop, and a sufficiently broad number of organizations may not adopt and continue to use the Internet as a medium for transacting business operations. If this were to occur, we would have difficulties implementing and marketing our software, which would harm our business. Internet-related laws could limit the market for our software, which would harm our business. Regulation of the Internet is largely unsettled. We cannot predict the impact that any laws or regulations applicable to the conduct of business operations over the Internet will have on our business. If the adoption of new Internet laws or regulations causes organizations to conduct business by other methods, the demand for our subscription service could decrease, which would harm our business. 14 Risks Related to this Offering Our stock has never been publicly traded so it is impossible to predict the extent to which a trading market will develop for our common stock. Prior to this offering, there has not been a public market for our common stock. Even if our common stock trades on the Nasdaq National Market after the offering, an active public market may not develop or be sustained. The initial public offering price will be determined by negotiations between our representatives and those of the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market. Our share price is likely to be highly volatile. The market price of our shares after the offering may vary from the initial public offering price; as a result, you may be unable to sell your shares of our common stock at or above the offering price. The price of shares sold in an initial public offering, particularly those traded on the Nasdaq National Market, is frequently subject to significant volatility for a period of time following the initial public offering. Moreover, the stock markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations, which have particularly affected the market prices of the stock of technology and emerging growth companies and which may be unrelated to our operating performance. The trading price of our shares could be subject to wide fluctuations. These market fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions, could adversely affect the market price of our shares. Factors that may add to the volatility of our share price include: . the introduction of new software or services by us or our competitors; . variations on our quarterly operating results; . loss of a major customer or failure to complete significant transactions; . changes in securities analysts' estimates of our financial performance; . conditions or trends in the information technology industry; . actual or expected announcements of technological innovations; . announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions or strategic alliances; . changes in partnerships or joint venture relationships; . changes in the market valuation of information technology companies; . changes in our capital commitments; . changes in our key personnel; . actual or expected sales of the shares of common stock; and . rumors in the market about us or our competitors. Many of these factors are beyond our control. These factors may decrease the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. 15 Our management has broad discretion as to the use of proceeds from this offering; if it does not use these proceeds effectively, our financial position will be harmed. Our management has broad discretion in how we use the net proceeds of this offering. Investors rely on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the proceeds from this offering. We currently expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for the expansion of our international and North American sales and marketing operations; investment in product development; working capital; and general corporate purposes. A failure by our management to apply these proceeds effectively would cause our financial condition to suffer and could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. Future sales of our shares by our current stockholders may depress our share price. Sales of a substantial number of our shares in the public market following this offering could depress the market price of our shares. After this offering, shares of our common stock will be outstanding. of the remaining shares outstanding after this offering will be restricted as a result of securities laws and approximately restricted shares are eligible for sale as of the date of this prospectus in accordance with the provisions of Rule 144. For a description of the shares of our common stock that are available for future sales, see "Shares Eligible for Future Sale." Investors in this offering will suffer immediate dilution. The initial public offering price is substantially higher than the book value of our outstanding shares of common stock. As a result, purchasers in this offering will incur immediate and substantial dilution of $ per share in net tangible book value per share from the offering price per share of $ . To the extent outstanding options to purchase our shares are exercised, there will be further dilution. Our directors and officers influence our business and beneficially own a substantial portion of our stock, and could therefore reject mergers or other business combinations that a stockholder may believe are desirable. We anticipate that our directors, officers and individuals or entities affiliated with our directors will beneficially own approximately % of our outstanding common stock as a group after this offering closes. Acting together, these stockholders would be able to significantly influence all matters that our stockholders vote upon, including the election of directors, mergers or other business combinations and asset sales. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as Delaware law, may prevent or delay a future takeover, thus preventing investors from realizing a premium on our stock price. Our certificate of incorporation provides for a classified board of directors. In addition, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain certain provisions that are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our board of directors and in the policies formulated by the board of directors. These provisions, together with certain provisions of Delaware law, may hinder or delay an attempted takeover of MainControl other than through negotiation with the board of directors. These provisions could have the effect of discouraging certain attempts to acquire our company or remove incumbent management even if some or a majority of our stockholders were to deem such an attempt to be in their best interest, including attempts that might result in stockholders' receiving a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders. In addition, these provisions may limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests. For a description, please see "Description of Capital Stock--Anti-takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and our Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws." 16 SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "for instance," "may," "will," "should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential" or "continue," the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially. In evaluating these statements, you should specifically consider various factors, including the risks outlined in the Risk Factors section. These factors may cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statement. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward- looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward- looking statements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations. 17 USE OF PROCEEDS We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $ , or $ if the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. The primary purposes of this offering are to obtain additional equity capital, create a public market for our common stock and facilitate future access to public markets. While we have no specific plan for the use of proceeds, we expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for expansion of our international and North American sales and marketing operations, investment in product development, working capital and general corporate purposes. In addition, we may use a portion of the net proceeds of the offering to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, technologies, services or products, although there are no current agreements or negotiations with respect to any such acquisitions, investments or other transactions. Our management however, will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds depending on changes in its business. Pending their use, we plan to invest proceeds in short-term, investment grade instruments. DIVIDEND POLICY We have never declared or paid any dividends. We currently intend to retain all available earnings generated by operations for the development and growth of our business and, therefore, do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common or preferred stock for the foreseeable future. In addition, our secured bank credit facility has restrictive covenants prohibiting dividend payments. 18 CAPITALIZATION The following table sets forth our capitalization as of March 31, 2000 on an actual and a pro forma as adjusted basis and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus. In the pro forma as adjusted column, we have adjusted the actual numbers to reflect the following events that have occurred or will occur upon the closing of this offering: . the conversion of all of our outstanding convertible preferred stock into 15,550,298 shares of common stock. If the initial public offering price is less than $9.00 per share, an additional 632,419 shares will be issued to the Series C preferred stockholders; and . the sale of shares of our common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share and our receipt of the estimated net proceeds of this offering (after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses). In addition, this column does not include: . 2,479,761 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted-average exercise price of $2.86 per share as of March 31, 2000; . 1,956,007 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 1996 Stock Option Plan as of March 31, 2000 of which 253,335 stock options were granted during the period from April 1, 2000 to June 15, 2000 at a weighted-average exercise price of $7.59 per share; . 4,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to an amendment of our 1996 Stock Option Plan as of May 4, 2000; . 4,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan; and . 2,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to our 401(k) Plan. As of March 31, 2000 --------------------- Pro Forma Actual as Adjusted -------- ----------- (in thousands, except per share data) Long-term debt........................................... $ 1,179 $ 1,179 Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock: Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 16,182,717 shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; none authorized, issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted..................................... $ 62,265 $ Stockholders' (deficit) equity: Common stock, $0.001 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized; 7,955,565 shares issued and outstanding, actual; shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted .......................................... 8 Additional paid-in capital............................. -- Deferred stock-based compensation...................... (1,286) (1,286) Accumulated deficit.................................... (40,102) (40,102) Accumulated other comprehensive loss................... (72) (72) -------- -------- Total stockholders' (deficit) equity..................... (41,452) -------- -------- Total capitalization................................. $ 21,992 $ ======== ======== 19 DILUTION Dilution per share to new investors represents the difference between the amount per share paid by the purchasers of our common stock in this offering and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after completion of this offering after giving effect to the adjustments described in the bullet clauses below. Our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2000 was approximately $ million or $ per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value on a pro forma as adjusted basis of $ per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $ per share to new investors. Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share represents the amount of total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2000, after giving effect to: . the conversion of all of our outstanding convertible preferred stock into 15,550,298 shares of common stock, assuming an initial public offering price of at least $9.00 per share. If the initial public offering price is less than $9.00 per share, an additional 632,419 shares of common stock will be issued to the Series C preferred stockholders; and . the sale of shares of our common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share and our receipt of the estimated net proceeds of this offering (after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses). The following table illustrates per share dilution: Assumed initial public offering price per common share......... $ ---- Pro forma net tangible book value per share of common stock as of March 31, 2000, before giving effect to the offering.................................................... $0.89 Increase per common share attributable to new investors...... ----- Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock after the offering............................. ---- Dilution per share of common stock to new investors............ $ ==== The following table sets forth on a pro forma as adjusted basis as of March 31, 2000 the number of common shares purchased from us, the total cash consideration paid and the average price per common share paid by the existing stockholders and by new investors based on an initial public offering price of $ per share before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. Shares Average Price Purchased Total Consideration Per Share -------------- ---------------------------------- Number % Amount % $ ---------- --- ------------- -------------------- Existing stockholders... 23,505,863 % $ 50,355,431 % $2.14 New stockholders........ ---------- --- ------------- ----- ----- Total................. 100% $ 100% $ ========== === ============= ===== ===== 20 The above discussion and tables exclude: . 2,479,761 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options at a weighted-average exercise price of $2.86 per share as of March 31, 2000; . 1,956,007 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 1996 Stock Option Plan as of March 31, 2000, of which 253,335 stock options were granted during the period from April 1, 2000 to June 15, 2000 at a weighted-average exercise price of $7.59 per share; . 4,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to an amendment of our 1996 Stock Option Plan as of May 4, 2000; . 4,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan; and . 2,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance pursuant to our 401(K) Savings Plan. To the extent that additional shares of common stock are issued, there will be further dilution to new investors. 21 SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA The following selected consolidated statement of operations and balance sheet data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 1999 and the balance sheet data as of September 30, 1998 and 1999 have been derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 1995 and the nine months ended September 30, 1996 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 1995 and as of September 30, 1996 and 1997 have been derived from our audited financial statements not included in this prospectus. The interim data have been prepared on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements and, in the opinion of management, include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the data for such periods. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of future results. Nine Months Six Months Year Ended Ended Ended December 31, September 30, Year Ended September 30, March 31, ------------ ------------- --------------------------- ----------------- 1995(/1/) 1996(/2/) 1997 1998 1999 1999 2000 ------------ ------------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- (in thousands, except per share data) Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: Revenue: License................ $ 102 $ 155 $ 2,218 $ 5,465 $ 8,715 $ 3,005 $ 5,972 Maintenance............ -- -- 184 648 1,461 615 839 Professional services.............. -- -- 283 2,417 4,218 1,724 2,414 Joint venture development fees ..... -- -- -- -- 1,109 243 923 ------ ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- Total revenue........ 102 155 2,685 8,530 15,503 5,587 10,148 ------ ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- Cost of revenue: License, exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $0, $0, $0, $0, $17, $8, and $4................ 3 5 1,014 1,752 2,444 1,132 1,257 Maintenance, exclusive of non-cash stock- based compensation of $0, $0, $0, $1, $2, $1 and $2............. -- -- 334 668 1,104 492 555 Professional services, exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $0, $0, $0, $1, $8, $5 and $7................ -- -- 164 1,684 1,958 809 992 ------ ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- Total cost of revenue............. 3 5 1,512 4,104 5,506 2,433 2,804 ------ ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- Gross profit............ 99 150 1,173 4,426 9,997 3,154 7,344 ------ ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- Operating expenses: Research and development, exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $0, $0, $81, $34, $177, $88 and $70........... 620 1,050 2,503 3,586 6,026 2,826 4,829 Sales and marketing, exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $0, $0, $121, $54, $143, $71 and $107.......... -- 489 2,140 6,085 9,023 3,936 6,965 General and administrative, exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $0, $0, $13, $30, $95, $47 and $45........... 49 363 1,331 1,631 4,174 1,156 1,855 Non-cash stock-based compensation.......... -- -- 215 120 442 220 235 ------ ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- Total operating expenses............ 669 1,902 6,189 11,422 19,665 8,138 13,884 ------ ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- Operating loss.......... (570) (1,752) (5,016) (6,996) (9,668) (4,984) (6,540) Interest income........ (12) 74 144 297 263 112 205 Interest expense....... -- -- -- -- (15) -- (85) ------ ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- Loss before income taxes and equity in loss of joint venture.......... (582) (1,678) (4,872) (6,699) (9,420) (4,872) (6,420) Provision for income taxes................. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Equity in loss of joint venture......... -- -- -- -- (1,054) (379) (697) ------ ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- Net loss................ (582) (1,678) (4,872) (6,699) (10,474) (5,251) (7,117) Accretion of redeemable preferred stock................. -- -- (278) (3,352) (3,683) (1,706) (7,136) ------ ------- ------- -------- -------- ------- -------- Net loss available for common stockholders.... $ (582) $(1,678) $(5,150) $(10,051) $(14,157) $(6,957) $(14,253) ====== ======= ======= ======== ======== ======= ======== Basic and diluted net loss per common share ....................... $(0.29) $ (0.38) $ (0.86) $ (1.49) $ (1.89) $ (0.96) $ (1.79) ====== ======= ======= ======== ======== ======= ======== Weighted average number of common shares....... 2,000 4,453 5,980 6,744 7,506 7,236 7,959 ====== ======= ======= ======== ======== ======= ======== Pro forma net loss available for common stockholders (3)....... $(10,474) $ (7,117) ======== ======== Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per common share (3)....... $ (0.57) $ (0.33) ======== ======== Pro forma weighted average number of common shares (3) ..... 18,447 21,255 ======== ======== 22 As of As of December 31, As of September 30, March 31, ------------ ------------------------------------- --------- 1995(/1/) 1996(/2/) 1997 1998 1999 2000 ------------ --------- ------- -------- -------- --------- (in thousands) Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents............ $ 1 $ 4,145 $ 7,485 $ 1,769 $ 6,425 $ 16,881 Working capital......... (384) 3,586 6,527 2,497 7,425 18,824 Total assets............ 254 5,190 9,406 7,721 17,045 29,131 Long-term debt.......... -- -- -- -- 799 1,179 Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock........ -- 6,237 14,233 19,814 37,439 62,265 Stockholders' deficit... (272) (1,941) (6,789) (16,130) (27,411) (41,452) - -------- (1) The consolidated statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 1995 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 1995 reflect the results of operations and financial position, respectively, of our Israeli predecessor company, which reported on a calendar year basis. (2) In January 1996, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of our predecessor company and changed our fiscal year for financial reporting purposes from December 31 to September 30. As a result, the consolidated statement of operations data for 1996 have been prepared for the nine months ended September 30. Consequently, comparisons of this nine month period with the subsequent and prior twelve month periods may provide limited meaningful information about our business and results of operations. (3) Pro forma net loss available for common stockholders, basic and diluted net loss per common share and weighted average number of shares reflect the impact of the conversion of our outstanding convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock as if the conversions occurred at the beginning of the periods presented or on the date of issuance, if later. 23 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS You should read the following discussion along with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included in this prospectus. The following discussion includes forward-looking statements that involve potential risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under "Risk Factors." Our future results could differ materially from results discussed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Overview We are a leading provider of e-infrastructure management software. Our software allows organizations to manage the complete e-infrastructure life cycle, including planning, procurement, deployment, tracking, maintenance and disposal of technology assets. The recent introduction of our subscription service allows organizations to use our software without incurring license fees and implementation expenses. Since our inception in 1994, we have focused on the development and sale of our software. Our fiscal year end is September 30. All references to fiscal years are to the years ended September 30. During fiscal year 1997, we released MC/EMpower for general availability, began wide-scale marketing activities, established direct sales capabilities in the United States and Europe, completed our first sales, recorded revenue of $2.7 million and continued to expand our research and development resources. On April 3, 2000, we introduced an updated series of our software which we refer to as the MC/EMpower i.series. We typically price our license fees based on the number of assets an organization manages with our software. Depending on the size of the organization and number of assets managed, license fees of a typical agreement range from approximately $100,000 to $1.0 million. Since 1997, we have continued to invest, expand and build resources in all areas, more than tripling worldwide revenue to $8.5 million in fiscal year 1998, which then nearly doubled to $15.5 million in fiscal year 1999. For the six months ended March 31, 2000, we recorded revenue of $10.1 million, which represents growth of 82% over the comparable period in the prior year. Finally, we have grown from 33 employees on October 1, 1996 to 163 on March 31, 2000. We plan to continue investing for future growth by: . expanding our international and North American operations; . increasing the number of partners who will resell or distribute our software throughout the world under the name of MC/EMpower i.series or on a private-label basis; . offering subscription services in addition to product licenses; and . developing business-to-business solutions. Revenue. Our revenue is derived from the sale of software licenses, including licenses of the ValueSolution software, to end-users, sublicenses through resellers and distributors, and software development for customers, business partners, and our ValueSolution joint venture. We also earn fees from maintenance and professional services provided to customers. We recognize revenue in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Position Nos. 97-2 and 98-4, "Software Revenue Recognition," as modified by Statement of Position No. 98-9, "Modification of Statement of Position No. 97- 2, with Respect to Certain Transactions." We adopted the provisions of Statement of Position No. 98-9 effective October 1, 1998. License and sublicense fees generally are due upon the granting of the license or sublicense. We recognize license fees as revenue upon delivery, provided that the fee is fixed and determinable, an arrangement exists, no significant obligations remain and collection of the resulting receivable is probable. We recognize sublicense fees from software sales through resellers and distributors when the software is delivered to the end-user. Revenue from non- refundable guaranteed minimum license payments for which a product master has been delivered is recognized upon the earlier of receipt of payment or delivery of the contractual minimum number of licenses to the end-user. In instances where we provide substantial sales and customer support to a distributor, we record the related revenue on a gross basis and include royalties retained by the distributor in cost of revenue. In all other circumstances, we record revenue derived from sales by distributors on a net basis. We expect that the majority of our revenue in the future will be recognized on a net basis. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if acceptance is uncertain, revenue recognition is deferred until customer acceptance is achieved, which generally occurs upon product delivery. 24 Revenue from our development contract with our joint venture, ValueSolution, is recognized as services are performed under a time and materials arrangement whereby development fees are billed based on pre- established rates subject to a maximum total fee based on certain percentages of the joint venture's annual sales (see "Related Party Transactions and Certain Relationships" and Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements). However, we are not limited in performing software development activities in support of the joint venture's software and may incur expenses in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture. To the extent that future joint venture annual sales are available, costs incurred in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture because of contractual payment limitations will be paid in subsequent periods. Additionally, as we maintain distribution rights to the joint venture's software, we recover research and development expenses incurred in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture through revenues generated by sales of the joint venture's software. Revenue from all other software development contracts involving significant production, modification or customization of software is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method, based on the relationship of costs incurred to the total estimated costs of the project. Our license agreements typically include up to one year of maintenance after which customers must pay an annual renewal fee. We recognize maintenance revenue, including amounts allocated for the initial period, based on the fair value of maintenance, as determined through contractual renewal rates, ratably over the support period. We recognize professional services revenue as work is performed. We generate deferred revenue from maintenance, professional services and licenses when customer payments are received in advance of performance of maintenance or services or in advance of delivery of licenses. Deferred revenue is recognized as the services are performed, generally within one year, or upon delivery of the license. To date, we have had no revenue from our subscription service. We anticipate pricing our subscription service with a combination of set-up fees and recurring monthly charges based on number of assets managed. To the extent that we enter these types of arrangements in the future, our revenue is expected to be recognized on a subscription basis over the related subscription period. A large portion of our revenue has been derived from a small number of customers each year. However, we are not dependent on any single customer or group of customers for revenue from year to year, as most revenue is generated from new customers. See Note 2, "Concentrations of Credit Risk," of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Because we offer payment terms to our customers which may extend over several months and because we typically deliver software and execute contracts for a significant portion of our quarterly revenue at the end of each quarter, we may experience lengthened collection cycles of our accounts receivable. However, in no instance do we offer payment terms in excess of one year and substantially all of our receivables are from well-established, credit-worthy companies. Cost of revenue. Cost of license revenue includes royalties on sales of the ValueSolution software, royalties retained by our distributors for sales of our products and costs of software development performed under contract. Cost of maintenance revenue includes the same type of royalties on maintenance and labor costs of our technical support services group. Under contractual obligations with ValueSolution and our distributors, including Interchip, we owe royalty payments, which are generally 30% to 50% of our license and maintenance sales. See "Related Party Transactions and Certain Relationships" and Note 2, "Revenue Recognition," of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Cost of professional services revenue includes the labor and related costs of our professional services organization and the costs of third party consultants employed to perform services for our customers. Research and development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, equipment and allocable overhead for software engineers, pre-production quality assurance personnel, program managers and technical writers. Research and development expenses also include expenses associated with independent contractors we use to augment our research and development efforts. Research and development expenses relate to activities performed prior to commercial production of a product. To date we 25 have not capitalized any development costs because our short development cycle has historically resulted in only immaterial amounts of capitalized software development costs. Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of sales and marketing personnel compensation and benefits, direct expenditures such as travel, trade shows, direct mail, online marketing, advertising and promotion and allocable overhead. General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and related costs for executive, finance, administrative and human resource functions. General and administrative expenses also include legal, other professional fees and allocable overhead. Non-cash stock-based compensation. Non-cash stock-based compensation reflects the amortization of deferred stock-based compensation over the vesting period of options granted, generally four years. Deferred stock-based compensation represents the difference between the exercise price of options granted and the deemed fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Aggregate unamortized deferred stock-based compensation of $1,286,000 as of March 31, 2000 will be recognized as follows: $251,000 in fiscal year 2000; $455,000 in fiscal year 2001; $427,000 in fiscal year 2002; $146,000 in fiscal year 2003; and $7,000 in fiscal year 2004. Joint venture accounting. During fiscal year 1999, we completed the acquisition of a 50% interest in ValueSolution for approximately $2.7 million, consisting of $603,000 in cash and $2.1 million related to stock-based consideration. We have two types of recurring transactions with ValueSolution. The first is a 30% royalty payable to ValueSolution for our exclusive right to sell the ValueSolution software outside of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. USU pays a 30% royalty to ValueSolution for the exclusive right to sell in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Our royalty payments are recorded in cost of revenue in the period in which we record the related license and maintenance revenue. The second is a development fee received from ValueSolution for our ongoing development of the ValueSolution software. The development fee is recognized as work is performed under a time and materials arrangement based on hourly rates for time incurred, but is contractually limited to a pre- determined percentage of ValueSolution's sales, which are comprised solely of royalties. For further information, you should see the discussion in "Related Party Transactions and Certain Relationships" and Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Because some significant management and operating decisions of ValueSolution require the unanimous vote of MainControl and USU, we account for our 50% interest in ValueSolution using the equity method of accounting. We record amortization of the difference between our original investment in the joint venture and our underlying equity in net assets of the joint venture, as well as our 50% share of the income or loss of ValueSolution as equity in loss of joint venture. 26 Results of operations Statement of operations data The following table sets forth the selected consolidated statement of operations data as a percentage of total revenue for the periods presented. Year Ended Six Months September 30, Ended March 31, ------------------ --------------- 1997 1998 1999 1999 2000 ---- ---- ---- ------- -------- (as a percentage of revenue) Revenue: License.......................... 83% 64% 56% 54% 59% Maintenance...................... 7 8 9 11 8 Professional services............ 10 28 27 31 24 Joint venture development fees... -- -- 8 4 9 ---- --- --- ------- -------- Total revenue.................. 100 100 100 100 100 ---- --- --- ------- -------- Cost of revenue: License.......................... 38 20 16 20 12 Maintenance...................... 12 8 7 9 6 Professional services............ 6 20 13 15 10 ---- --- --- ------- -------- Total cost of revenue.......... 56 48 36 44 28 ---- --- --- ------- -------- Gross profit....................... 44 52 64 56 72 ---- --- --- ------- -------- Operating expenses: Research and development......... 93 42 39 50 48 Sales and marketing.............. 80 71 58 70 69 General and administrative....... 50 19 27 21 18 Non-cash stock-based compensation.................... 8 2 2 4 2 ---- --- --- ------- -------- Total operating expenses....... 231 134 126 145 137 ---- --- --- ------- -------- Operating loss..................... (187) (82) (62) (89) (65) Interest income, net............. 6 3 1 2 2 ---- --- --- ------- -------- Loss before income taxes and equity in loss of joint venture.......... (181) (79) (61) (87) (63) Equity in loss of joint venture.. -- -- (7) (7) (7) ---- --- --- ------- -------- Net loss........................... (181)% (79)% (68)% (94)% (70)% ==== === === ======= ======== Six Months Ended March 31, 1999 and 2000 Revenue During the six months ended March 31, 1999 and 2000, total revenue was $5.6 million and $10.1 million, respectively. License. License revenue for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $3.0 million and increased 99% to $6.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2000. The increase in license revenue reflects the results of our continued investment, expansion and growth of our North American sales and marketing effort, along with penetration of the growing market for e-infrastructure management software solutions in the United States. This increased sales effort and market penetration resulted in the expansion of our customer base and larger volume of individual license sales. Maintenance. Maintenance revenue for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $615,000 and increased 36% to $839,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2000. As most customers renew maintenance, the growth in maintenance revenue reflects the growth of cumulative license revenue with support 27 requirements. Some royalties and development fees included in license revenue do not have support requirements and thus do not result in increased maintenance revenue. Professional services. Professional services revenue for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $1.7 million and increased 40% to $2.4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2000. This increase reflects the demand for implementation assistance from customers as sales of our software increased, as well as the purchase of incremental professional services after the initial implementation. The continued growth in professional services revenue will be affected by the future availability of professional services resources. Joint venture development fees. We recorded ValueSolution development fees of $923,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2000. The joint venture became effective in December 1998, and initial development fees from the joint venture during the six months ended March 31, 1999 were $243,000. Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit During the six months ended March 31, 1999, total cost of revenue was $2.4 million and increased 15% to $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2000. During these same periods gross profit was $3.2 million and $7.3 million, representing 56% and 72% of total revenue, respectively. License. Cost of license revenue for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $1.1 million and increased 11% to $1.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2000. The related license gross profit for these six-month periods was $1.9 million and $4.7 million, representing 62% and 79% of license revenue, respectively. There were two major components to our cost of license revenue in these periods. The first was the royalty retained by distributors, generally 50%, in instances where we provided substantial sales and customer support, which was $692,000 for the six months ended March 31, 1999. There were no such distributor sales and therefore no related royalties in cost of license revenue during the six months ended March 31, 2000. The second was the royalty for sales of the ValueSolution software. The royalty rate was 30%. The royalty was payable to USU until January 1999, when the royalty became payable to ValueSolution, a joint venture of USU and MainControl. The ValueSolution software royalty was $161,000 and $748,000 for the six months ended March 31, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Cost of license revenue for these periods also included labor costs of developers used to generate development fees and royalties associated with revenue recognized from guaranteed minimum license payments anticipated to become due to ValueSolution upon delivery of the contractual minimum number of licenses to end-users. The increase in the absolute amount of cost of license revenue and gross profit reflects the increase in license revenue. The improvement in gross profit percentage during the six months ended March 31, 2000 was due to the absence of distributor royalty in this period compared to the six months ended March 31, 1999, partially offset by the increase in the ValueSolution royalty during this period. Maintenance. Cost of maintenance revenue for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $492,000 and increased 13% to $555,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2000. The related maintenance gross profit for those six-month periods was $123,000 in 1999 and $284,000 in 2000, representing 20% and 34% of maintenance revenue, respectively. In addition to royalties on maintenance for ValueSolution software and software sold by distributors, cost of maintenance revenue reflects the labor cost of our technical support services group. Labor cost was $264,000 and $388,000 for the six months ended March 31, 1999 and 2000, respectively. The gross profit percentage for the six months ended March 31, 2000 improved as a result of a decrease of $108,000 in royalties on maintenance for software sold by distributors. Professional services. Cost of professional services revenue for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $809,000 and increased 23% to $992,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2000. The related professional services gross profit for those six-month periods was $915,000 and $1.4 million, representing 53% and 59% of professional services revenue, respectively. We utilize trained consultants who are either our employees or unaffiliated third party consultants. The third party consultants generally cost significantly more 28 than the consultants employed by us. While the growth in the absolute amount of the costs reflects the growth in professional services revenue, our gross profit can fluctuate based upon the timing and degree of use of consultants. We have continued to build our internal staff of consultants and to increase their proportionate use relative to our use of third party consultants. Fees paid to third party consultants were $440,000 and $410,000, representing 54% and 41% of the cost of professional services revenue for the six months ended March 31, 1999 and 2000, respectively, resulting in the increase in professional services gross profit percentage. Operating Expenses During the six months ended March 31, 1999, total operating expenses were $8.1 million and increased 71% to $13.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2000, representing 145% and 137% of total revenue, respectively. We expect that research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to expand our operations. Research and development. Research and development expense for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $2.8 million and increased 71% to $4.8 million for the six months ended March 31, 2000. The increase in research and development expense during the six months ended March 31, 2000 was primarily comprised of $296,000 for higher salaries paid to developers, $488,000 for developers we hired to work on development of the ValueSolution software and our subscription service, and $1.0 million for third-party consultants used for certain platform migration and documentation projects. Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expense for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $3.9 million and increased 77% to $7.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2000. This increase reflects a significant expansion of our United States and United Kingdom direct sales force from 15 to 27 employees at March 31, 1999 and 2000, respectively, along with continued increases in our marketing personnel and programs. Increased labor costs, in equal parts due to headcount and salary increases, accounted for $2.0 million of the increase in sales and marketing expense. Increases in travel, advertising and promotions accounted for $614,000 of the increase. General and administrative. General and administrative expense for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $1.2 million and increased 60% to $1.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2000. Approximately $423,000 of this increase was attributable to increased labor costs for administrative personnel, in equal parts due to headcount and salary increases. The remainder of the increase was due to the expansion of our office space at our United States headquarters and the increase in related infrastructure necessary to support our rapid growth. Non-cash stock-based compensation. Non-cash stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $220,000 and increased 7% to $235,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2000. Both periods include compensation resulting from a 1997 amendment of our stock option plan and the related remeasurement of compensation associated with then outstanding options and additional non-cash charges for an estimated market price of the common shares in excess of the exercise price for options granted. Interest Income Interest income for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $112,000 and increased 83% to $205,000 for the six months ended March 31, 2000. Interest income results primarily from interest earned on money market account deposits of funds obtained from equity financings. The increase is attributable to earnings on the proceeds of our Series D preferred stock offering which closed in January 2000. Interest Expense Interest expense for the six months ended March 31, 2000 was $85,000. Interest expense results from outstanding balances of our credit facilities, which totaled $2.0 million as of March 31, 2000. These facilities were not in place for the six months ended March 31, 1999 and consequently we had no interest expense. 29 Provision for Income Taxes Through our operations and the operations of our subsidiaries, we are subject to tax in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Israel. Since we have incurred losses since inception, we have not paid any income taxes in any jurisdiction and we have net operating loss carryforwards for United States federal and state, and German, Israeli and United Kingdom purposes. Subject to certain limitations, these net operating loss carryforwards are available to offset future taxable income. Due to uncertainty surrounding the timing or realization of the benefits of using these net operating loss carryforwards in future tax returns, we have placed a full valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets. Equity in Loss of Joint Venture During the six months ended March 31, 2000, we recorded $697,000 as equity in loss of joint venture. We amortize the difference of $2.7 million between the original carrying amount of the joint venture and our underlying equity in net assets of the joint venture. As the joint venture became effective in December 1998, the equity in loss of joint ventures for the six months ended March 31, 1999 was $379,000. Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1998 and 1999 Revenue During fiscal years 1998 and 1999, total revenue was $8.5 million and $15.5 million, respectively. License. License revenue for fiscal year 1998 was $5.5 million and increased 59% to $8.7 million for fiscal year 1999. The increase in license revenue reflects the results of our continued investment, expansion and growth of our North American sales and marketing effort, along with penetration of the growing market for e-infrastructure management software solutions in the United States. This increased sales effort and market penetration resulted in the expansion of our customer base and larger volume of individual license sales. License revenue also increased due to follow-on orders from existing customers. License revenue increased despite the fact that the percentage of distributor sales recognized on a gross basis declined from 40% to 18% of license revenue in fiscal years 1998 and 1999, respectively. The decrease in the percentage of distributor sales recognized on a gross basis is indicative of the change in our roles and responsibilities as performed under individual contracts and reflects the maturity of our relationship with our distributors, who are assuming increasing involvement with our customers. Maintenance. Maintenance revenue for fiscal year 1998 was $648,000 and increased 125% to $1.5 million for fiscal year 1999. This increase reflects the growth in our license revenue with support requirements. Professional services. Professional services revenue for fiscal year 1998 was $2.4 million and increased 75% to $4.2 million for fiscal year 1999. This increase reflects the demand for implementation assistance from customers as sales of our software increased, as well as the purchase of incremental professional services after the initial implementation. The continued growth in professional services revenue will be affected by the future availability of professional services resources. Joint venture development fees. We recorded our initial ValueSolution development fees of $1.1 million during fiscal year 1999. As the joint venture became effective in December 1998, there were no development fees from the joint venture in fiscal year 1998. Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit During fiscal year 1998, total cost of revenue was $4.1 million and increased 34% to $5.5 million for fiscal year 1999. During these same periods gross profit was $4.4 million and $10.0 million, representing 52% and 64% of total revenue, respectively. License. Cost of license revenue for fiscal year 1998 was $1.8 million and increased 39% to $2.4 million for fiscal year 1999. The related license gross profit for those fiscal years was $3.7 million and $6.3 million, representing 68% and 72% of license revenue, respectively. 30 There were two major components of our cost of license revenue for fiscal years 1998 and 1999. The first was the royalty retained by distributors, generally 50%, in instances where we provided substantial sales and customer support, which was $1.3 million and $914,000 for 1998 and 1999, respectively. The second was the royalty for sales of the ValueSolution software. This royalty rate was 35% until August 1998 when the royalty rate became 30%. The royalty was payable to USU until January 1999 when the royalty became payable to ValueSolution. The ValueSolution software royalty was $321,000 and $844,000 for 1998 and 1999, respectively. The majority of the remainder of cost of license revenue for these years was the labor costs of developers used to generate development fees. The increase in the absolute amount of cost of license revenue and gross profit reflects the increase in license revenue. The improvement in gross profit percentage in fiscal year 1999 results from the decreasing proportion of distributor sales, which we recorded on a gross basis, partially offset by the larger proportion of sales of the ValueSolution software and development fees, as discussed above. Maintenance. Cost of maintenance revenue for fiscal year 1998 was $668,000 and increased 65% to $1.1 million for fiscal year 1999. The related maintenance gross profit for fiscal year 1998 was a loss of $20,000 and a profit of $357,000 for fiscal year 1999, representing 3% and 24% of maintenance revenue, respectively. In addition to royalties on maintenance, cost of maintenance revenues reflects the labor cost of our technical support services group. Labor cost was $419,000 and $548,000 for 1998 and 1999, respectively. In 1998, we invested in expanding our technical support services group in anticipation of future software sales; therefore, gross profit was lower in 1998 than in 1999. Professional services. Cost of professional services revenue for fiscal year 1998 was $1.7 million and increased 16% to $2.0 million for fiscal year 1999. The related professional services gross profit for those fiscal years was $733,000 and $2.3 million, representing 30% and 54% of professional services revenue, respectively. During 1999 we began building our internal staff of consultants with the intention of increasing their proportionate use relative to our use of more costly third-party consultants. Fees paid to third party consultants were $1.2 million and $1.0 million for 1998 and 1999, respectively, resulting in the increase in professional services gross profit percentage. Operating Expenses During fiscal year 1998, total operating expenses were $11.4 million and increased 72% to $19.7 million for fiscal year 1999, representing 134% and 126% of total revenue, respectively. Research and development. Research and development expense for fiscal year 1998 was $3.6 million and increased 68% to $6.0 million for fiscal year 1999. The increase in research and development expense during 1999 was comprised primarily of $561,000 for higher salaries paid to developers, $1.1 million for developers we hired to work on development of the ValueSolution software, and $612,000 for third-party consultants used for certain platform migration and documentation projects. Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expense for fiscal year 1998 was $6.1 million and increased 48% to $9.0 million for fiscal year 1999. This increase reflects a significant expansion of our United States and United Kingdom direct sales force from 16 to 25 employees at September 30, 1998 and 1999, respectively, along with continued increases in our marketing personnel and programs. The increase in sales and marketing expense during 1999 was comprised primarily of $646,000 for salary increases, $1.2 million for new employees we hired, and $570,000 for travel, advertising and promotions. General and administrative. General and administrative expense for fiscal year 1998 was $1.6 million and increased 156% to $4.2 million for fiscal year 1999. Fiscal year 1999 includes $1.5 million in non-recurring costs associated with our securities offering in Germany that we withdrew prior to completion 31 because of adverse market conditions. The remainder of the increase was primarily attributable to increased labor costs of $876,000 for new administrative personnel. Non-cash stock-based compensation. Non-cash stock-based compensation expense for fiscal year 1998 was $120,000 and increased 268% to $442,000 for fiscal year 1999. Both periods include compensation resulting from a 1997 amendment of our stock option plan and the related remeasurement of compensation associated with then outstanding options. Non-cash stock-based compensation expense for fiscal year 1999 includes additional non-cash charges for an estimated market price of the common shares in excess of the exercise price for options granted. Interest Income Interest income for fiscal year 1998 was $297,000 and decreased 11% to $263,000 for fiscal year 1999. This decrease results from a declining average available cash and cash equivalent balance between the two fiscal years. Interest Expense Interest expense for fiscal year 1999 was $15,000. At September 30, 1999, $1.2 million was outstanding under our credit facilities. These facilities were not in place for fiscal year 1998 and consequently we had no interest expense. Provision for Income Taxes As of September 30, 1999, we had United States federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $19.4 million, Israeli net operating loss carryforwards of $5.3 million, United Kingdom net operating loss carryforwards of $900,000 and German net operating loss carryforwards of $200,000. The United States federal and state net operating loss carryforwards expire between 2011 and 2019. The Israeli, United Kingdom and German net operating loss carryforwards do not expire. Subject to certain limitations, these net operating loss carryforwards are available to offset future taxable income. Due to uncertainty surrounding the timing or realization of the benefits of using these net operating loss carryforwards in future tax returns, we have placed a full valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets. Equity in Loss of Joint Venture During fiscal year 1999, we recorded $1.1 million as equity in loss of joint venture. As the joint venture became effective in December 1998, there were no joint venture operations during fiscal year 1998. Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1997 and 1998 Revenue During fiscal years 1997 and 1998, total revenue was $2.7 million and $8.5 million, respectively. License. Our first commercial license revenue was generated in fiscal year 1997. License revenue was $2.2 million for fiscal year 1997 and increased 146% to $5.5 million for fiscal year 1998. As we tested our software at a major German bank and focused on international distributors in 1997, a significant portion of the license revenue in fiscal year 1997 was European- based. The subsequent increases in license revenue for fiscal year 1998 reflect the results of our investment and growth of our North American sales and marketing program, along with penetration of the growing market for e- infrastructure management software in the United States. This increased sales effort and market penetration resulted in the expansion of our customer base and larger 32 volume of individual license sales. The increase in license revenue in fiscal year 1998 also reflects royalties and development income from a private-label agreement with a Year 2000 solution provider, which sold one of our products under their own name, in the amount of $810,000. Maintenance. Maintenance revenue was $184,000 for fiscal year 1997 and increased 252% to $648,000 for fiscal year 1998. This increase reflects the growth in our license revenue with support requirements. Professional services. We established our professional services organization and capabilities during fiscal year 1997. Professional services revenue was $283,000 for fiscal year 1997 and increased 754% to $2.4 million for fiscal year 1998. This increase reflects the creation and growth of the Company's professional services organization to meet the growing demand for implementation assistance as the number of customers buying our software increased. The continued growth in professional services revenue will be affected by the future availability of professional services resources. Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit During fiscal year 1997, total cost of revenue was $1.5 million and increased 171% to $4.1 million for fiscal year 1998. During these same periods, gross profit was $1.2 million and $4.4 million, representing 44% and 52% of total revenue, respectively. License. Cost of license revenue for fiscal year 1997 was $1.0 million and increased 73% to $1.8 million for fiscal year 1998. The related license gross profit for those years was $1.2 million and $3.7 million, representing 54% and 68% of license revenue, respectively. There were two major components of our cost of license revenue for fiscal years 1997 and 1998. The first was the royalty retained by distributors, generally 50%, in instances where we provided substantial sales and customer support, which was $791,000 and $1.3 million for 1997 and 1998, respectively. The second was the royalty for sales of the ValueSolution software. This royalty rate payable to USU was 35% until August 1998 when the royalty became 30%. The ValueSolution software royalty was $178,000 and $321,000 for 1997 and 1998, respectively. Cost of license revenue for fiscal year 1998 also included the labor cost of developers used to generate development fees. The increase in the absolute amount of cost of license revenue and gross profit reflects the increase in license revenue. The improvement in fiscal year 1998 gross profit percentage results from the decreasing proportion of distributor sales, which we recorded on a gross basis. Maintenance. Cost of maintenance revenue for fiscal year 1997 was $334,000 and increased 100% to $668,000 for fiscal year 1998. The related maintenance gross loss for those fiscal years was a loss of $150,000 in 1997 and $20,000 in 1998. Cost of maintenance revenue is primarily comprised of the labor cost of our technical support services group, which was $239,000 and $419,000 for 1997 and 1998, respectively. During fiscal year 1997, we began staffing the technical support services group in anticipation of software sales, which increased our maintenance gross loss for fiscal year 1997. In fiscal year 1998, we continued staffing in anticipation of sales but maintenance revenue per technical support staff increased which positively impacted our gross maintenance margins. Professional services. Cost of professional services revenue was $164,000 in fiscal year 1997 and increased 927% to $1.7 million for fiscal year 1998. The related professional services gross profit for those years was $119,000 and $733,000, representing 42% and 30% of professional services revenue, respectively. In 33 1998, we began significant use of third-party consultants to render professional services. Fees paid to third party consultants were $1.2 million in 1998. While the growth in the absolute amount of the costs reflects the growth in professional services revenue, gross profit decreased because of the increased use of third-party consultants, which are more expensive than our own professional services staff. Operating Expenses During fiscal year 1997, total operating expenses for fiscal year 1997 were $6.2 million and increased 85% to $11.4 million for fiscal year 1998, representing 231% and 134% of total revenue, respectively. Research and development. Research and development expense for fiscal year 1997 was $2.5 million and increased 43% to $3.6 million for fiscal year 1998. The increase in research and development expense during 1998 was comprised primarily of $314,000 for higher salaries paid to developers and $175,000 due to an increase in the number of developers working on new versions of our software. Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expense was $2.1 million in fiscal year 1997 and increased 184% to $6.1 million for fiscal year 1998. This increase reflects a significant expansion of our United States and United Kingdom direct sales force from 11 to 16 employees at September 30, 1997 and 1998, respectively, along with increases in marketing personnel and programs. The increase in sales and marketing expense during 1998 was comprised primarily of $242,000 for new employees, $1.6 million for salary increases, and $1.1 million for travel, advertising and promotions. General and administrative. General and administrative expense for fiscal year 1997 was $1.3 million and increased 23% to $1.6 million for fiscal year 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to increased labor costs of $201,000 for new administrative personnel. Non-cash stock-based compensation. Non-cash stock-based compensation expense for fiscal year 1997 was $215,000 and decreased 44% to $120,000 for fiscal year 1998. Both periods include compensation resulting from a 1997 amendment of our stock option plan and the related remeasurement of compensation associated with outstanding options. Interest Income Interest income was $144,000 for fiscal year 1997 and increased 106% to $297,000 for fiscal year 1998. This increase results from interest earned on a higher average available cash and cash equivalent balance between the two fiscal years. Provision for Income Taxes We have net operating loss carryforwards for United States federal and state, and German, Israeli and United Kingdom purposes. Subject to certain limitations, these net operating loss carryforwards are available to offset future taxable income. Due to uncertainty surrounding the timing or realization of the benefits of using these net operating loss carryforwards in future tax returns, we have placed a full valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets. Quarterly Results of Operations The following table sets forth the unaudited consolidated statement of operations data for the six quarters in the period ended March 31, 2000. This information has been derived from the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements that, in our opinion, have been prepared on a basis consistent with the Consolidated Financial Statements contained elsewhere herein, and include all adjustments, consisting only of 34 normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of such information when read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto. The results of operations for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period. Three Months Ended --------------------------------------------------------------------- December 31, March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, March 31, 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 ------------ --------- -------- ------------- ------------ --------- (in thousands, except per share data) Revenue: License............... $ 1,751 $ 1,254 $ 1,691 $ 4,019 $ 2,623 $3,349 Maintenance........... 312 303 407 439 416 423 Professional services............. 773 951 1,294 1,200 1,306 1,108 Joint venture development fees .... -- 243 204 662 445 478 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total revenue....... 2,836 2,751 3,596 6,320 4,790 5,358 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Cost of revenue: License (1)........... 474 658 491 821 570 687 Maintenance (2)....... 248 244 305 307 277 278 Professional services (3).................. 344 465 614 535 505 487 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total cost of revenue............ 1,066 1,367 1,410 1,663 1,352 1,452 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Gross profit............ 1,770 1,384 2,186 4,657 3,438 3,906 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Operating expenses: Research and development (4)...... 1,092 1,734 1,556 1,644 2,248 2,581 Sales and marketing (5).................. 2,022 1,914 1,996 3,091 3,318 3,647 General and administrative (6)... 542 614 614 2,404 905 950 Non-cash stock-based compensation......... 92 128 148 74 133 102 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total operating expenses........... 3,748 4,390 4,314 7,213 6,604 7,280 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Operating loss.......... (1,978) (3,006) (2,128) (2,556) (3,166) (3,374) Interest income....... 15 97 73 78 47 158 Interest expense...... -- -- -- (15) (36) (49) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Loss before income taxes and equity in loss of joint venture.......... (1,963) (2,909) (2,055) (2,493) (3,155) (3,265) Provision for income taxes................ -- -- -- -- -- -- Equity in loss of joint venture........ -- (379) (394) (281) (371) (326) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net loss................ (1,963) (3,288) (2,449) (2,774) (3,526) (3,591) Accretion of redeemable preferred stock................ (837) (869) (1,021) (956) (1,505) (5,631) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net loss available for common stockholders.... $(2,800) $(4,157) $(3,470) $(3,730) $(5,031) $(9,222) ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= Basic and diluted net loss per common share.. $ (0.41) $ (0.55) $ (0.45) $ (0.48) $ (0.63) $ (1.16) ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= Weighted average number of common shares....... 6,860 7,611 7,735 7,816 7,958 7,960 ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= - -------- (1) Exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $3, $5, $6, $3, $2 and $2. (2) Exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $0, $1, $1, $0, $1 and $1. (3) Exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $2, $3, $2, $1, $3 and $4. (4) Exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $37, $51, $59, $30, $47 and $23. (5) Exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $30, $41, $48, $24, $55 and $52. (6) Exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $20, $27, $32, $16, $25 and $20. 35 Our revenue and related cost of revenue has been subject to fluctuations from quarter to quarter. While there is a general trend of increasing revenue over time, any one quarter can be significantly influenced by one or a few software sales. Furthermore, our fourth quarter revenue tends to be larger than other quarters as customers believe they can secure more favorable terms by waiting until close to our year-end to finalize contract negotiations and as our sales force increases efforts to achieve annual quota. We expect these quarterly fluctuations to continue until greater volumes mitigate the effects of large software sales. Nonetheless, we expect the fourth quarter to continue to comprise a disproportionately large share of annual revenue. We also expect revenue to continue to grow as the market for technology infrastructure management software solutions develops and expands and as we continue to invest, expand and grow our sales and marketing resources. Consistent with our deliberate plan of investment, expansion and growth in all areas of our operations, operating expenses have generally increased quarter-to-quarter. We expect continued increases in quarterly operating expenses as we expand our business and revenue base. Liquidity and Capital Resources Upon inception and prior to our first round of venture capital financing in April 1996, we were funded by our founder, Interchip, a German technology company, Formula Technologies, Ltd., an Israeli technology company, and by Israeli governmental programs. The Israeli governmental program funds included equity capital from Yozma Venture Capital Ltd. and development grants from the Israeli Office of the Chief Scientist. Total equity capital raised during this period amounted to $1.3 million. The development grants amounted to $365,000. Beginning in April 1996 and through January 2000, we were funded with four rounds of venture capital financing totaling $48.1 million. We raised $6.3 million with the first private placement of equity securities in April 1996. We raised an additional $10.0 million with the second private placement of equity securities in September and December 1997, and we raised another $14.0 million with the third private placement of equity securities in December 1998, and April and June 1999. Most recently, we raised $17.8 million with the fourth private placement of equity securities in January 2000. Net cash used in operating activities for fiscal years 1997, 1998 and 1999, and for the six months ended March 31, 1999 and 2000, amounted to $4.0 million, $8.1 million, $9.1 million, $4.1 million and $6.9 million, respectively. This use of cash reflects our deliberate plan of investment, expansion and growth in all areas of operations. Net cash used in investing activities for fiscal years 1997, 1998 and 1999, and for the six months ended March 31, 1999 and 2000, amounted to $446,000, $390,000, $1.8 million, $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Most of this use of cash was for computers, furniture, office equipment and leasehold improvements to support an increasing number of employees. During the year ended September 30, 1999, $603,000 was used to complete the acquisition of ValueSolution. Net cash provided by financing activities for fiscal years 1997, 1998 and 1999, and for the six months ended March 31, 1999 and 2000, amounted to $7.8 million, $2.8 million, $15.5 million, $9.7 million and $18.5 million, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities was primarily the result of the equity capital financings discussed in the first two paragraphs of this section. As of March 31, 2000, we had $16.9 million of cash and cash equivalents and $7.9 million of accounts receivable. 36 Our principal commitments consist of our bank credit facility and our operating lease for headquarters office space. We have a $6.1 million secured bank credit facility, which provides us with a $3.0 million line of credit supported by accounts receivable, a $2.5 million equipment loan commitment and a $565,000 acquisition loan for ValueSolution. Pursuant to the terms of the bank credit facility, we are restricted from paying any dividends or making any other distributions in relation to our capital stock and we are required to maintain quick ratio, tangible net worth and maximum quarterly net loss levels, exclusive of non-cash charges. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The bank credit facility is secured by all of our assets. The line of credit portion of the bank credit facility renews annually. We have borrowed a total of $1.7 million for equipment and we expect to borrow the remainder of the equipment loan advance, or $825,000, during the balance of fiscal year 2000. We have borrowed $565,000 for the ValueSolution acquisition. We are utilizing $296,000 of the available line of credit to support a letter of credit to secure the lease of our headquarters office space. The remaining $2.7 million on our line of credit is unutilized. Under the terms of our non- cancelable operating lease, we are committed to annual rent payments of approximately $1.2 million through fiscal year 2004. We plan to expand our world-wide sales and marketing operations by adding employees and increasing the number of partners who resell or distribute our software. Our priority will be the United States and Europe, followed by the Pacific Rim and Latin America. We also plan to invest in product development in the areas of our subscription services and business-to-business solutions as well as routine product enhancements. Our priority will be our subscription services. As a result, we currently anticipate that we will continue to experience significant growth in our operating expenses for the foreseeable future and that these expenses will be a material use of our cash resources, particularly if planned revenue growth rates are not realized. We also expect to experience increased capital expenditures during the next twelve months and lease commitments commensurate with the anticipated growth in operations, infrastructure and personnel. After considering anticipated cash collections from customers and the bank credit facility, a portion of the net proceeds of the offering and existing cash and cash equivalents, we believe that all our cash resources, including the net proceeds of this offering, will be sufficient to meet anticipated cash needs for at least the next twelve months. Thereafter, we may need additional debt or equity financing. However, if we acquire any complimentary businesses, technologies or services we may need additional financing during the next twelve months. We currently have no arrangements to engage in acquisition transactions, but could do so at anytime in the future. In the event we are unable to receive sufficient funding, our contingency plans would involve reducing the anticipated level of expenditures for lower priority items. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 (SFAS 133) "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." SFAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. SFAS 133, as amended by SFAS 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133, an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133," is effective for all fiscal quarters of the Company's fiscal year ending September 30, 2001. We do not engage or plan to engage in the use of derivative instruments. Regarding embedded derivatives, we do not expect SFAS 133 to have a material impact. Staff Accounting Bulletin 101 (SAB 101), issued in December 1999, provides guidance on the recognition and disclosure of revenue in financial statements. Provided the registrant's former policy was not an improper application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), registrants may adopt a change in accounting principle to comply with the SAB no later than the first quarter of the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 1999. We have assessed that our current revenue recognition policies are in accordance with GAAP. 37 In March 2000, the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) issued EITF No. 00-3 (EITF 00-3), "Application of AICPA Statement of Position 97-2 to Arrangements That Include the Right to Use Software Stored on Another Entity's Hardware." EITF 00-3 provides that a software element covered by Statement of Position No. 97-2 is only present in a hosting arrangement if the customer has the contractual right to take possession of the software at anytime during the hosting period without significant penalty and it is feasible for the customer to either run the software on its own hardware or contract with another party unrelated to the vendor to host the software. We recently introduced our software on a hosted, subscription basis. We have had no revenue from our subscription service. We have evaluated EITF 00-3 and believe that Statement of Position No. 97-2 will not apply to our planned subscription service and believe revenue from subscription services will be recognized ratably over the related subscription period. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk We report our financial results in United States dollars but conduct business in a number of other currencies, principally the Deutsche Mark, Swiss Franc, British Pound and Israeli Shekel. Most of our distributor agreements require settlement in United States dollars, although some have been settled in Deutsche Marks, Swiss Francs and British Pounds. We made expenditures in Israeli Shekels but no revenue has been generated in this currency. Substantially all of our sales are currently made in U.S. dollars. A strengthening of the dollar could make our products less competitive in foreign markets. Our interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly since the majority of our investments are in short-term instruments. Due to the short-term nature of our investments, we believe that there is no material risk exposure. 38 BUSINESS The prospectus contains forward-looking statements that include risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated in such forward-looking statements. Overview We are a leading provider of e-infrastructure management software. Our software enables organizations to manage the complete life cycle of their technology assets from planning to disposal. It also provides a consolidated repository of information to offer organizations a single, comprehensive view of their e-infrastructure accessible via a Web browser. In addition, our software is highly flexible and scaleable and integrates with other existing applications without requiring extensive customization. We believe these features allow organizations to efficiently plan and manage their e- infrastructure while advancing their business objectives. Furthermore, we can deliver our software modules either as an on-site installation or as a standardized subscription service over the Internet through our recently introduced ASP delivery method, which allows organizations to use our software without incurring license fees and implementation expenses. We believe this service will expand our customer base by adding many small and medium sized organizations. Industry Background Global competitive pressures are driving organizations to seek innovative ways to develop, market and maintain their products and services and to attract, serve and retain their customers. To enhance their competitiveness, organizations are increasingly utilizing the Internet to enable employees, customers, partners and vendors to communicate and conduct business electronically, commonly referred to as e-business. For example, enterprise resource planning, or ERP, applications, once the exclusive domain of corporate networks, are increasingly enabling customers to enter orders and view and pay bills using the Internet. In addition, customer relationship management applications, once internally focused on the individual organization, are now utilizing the Internet to establish, maintain and improve relationships. Furthermore, e-business is driving the emergence of whole new categories of companies whose core offerings are dependent on the Internet. These companies include online merchants, Web-hosting companies and ASPs, which are companies that host software applications on behalf of their customers and offer related services. To enable and support these e-business initiatives, as well as traditional business processes, organizations are dependent upon, and investing significantly in, their e-infrastructure. According to the Gartner Group, information technology, or IT, spending is expected to grow from $2.2 trillion in 1999 to $3.3 trillion by 2002. In order to support e-business initiatives, organizations have added new networks, systems and applications, effectively layering new technologies on top of existing technologies and creating an increasingly heterogeneous, complex and widely dispersed computing environment. Time-to-market pressures and the increasing adoption of e-business activities place a significant strain on an organization's e-infrastructure, and are driving the need for investments in the infrastructure to enable it to interact with the businesses of customers, partners and vendors. Gartner Group believes that the speed, as well as accuracy, at which an organization can effectively plan, decide, procure and manage its e-infrastructure will determine that organization's success in an e-business environment. This environment is further complicated by rapid and unpredictable technological changes dictated by the emergence of new and more sophisticated products with shorter product life cycles. Since e-infrastructure is strategically important for organizations to meet their business objectives, it is critical for them to effectively manage their technology investments. Management of e-infrastructure aligns technology assets with the business objectives of the organization to increase revenue and achieve competitive differentiation. Effective management of this increasingly sophisticated e-infrastructure is complex and 39 challenging. In many organizations, geographically dispersed computing environments have decentralized decision-making regarding the control of technology assets, creating a lack of uniform policies and a failure to keep comprehensive and centralized information regarding these assets. The practical impact of this is that organizations do not know what technology assets they have across the organization or understand the manner in which each asset contributes to the organization's overall business objectives. Furthermore, organizations are often unaware of the potential e-infrastructure implications resulting from new business objectives. This problem is compounded by merger and acquisition activities that create increasingly mixed technology environments and management policies of those environments. The lack of comprehensive information regarding technology assets inhibits intelligent decision-making at the corporate level throughout the organization and at the operating level throughout the life cycle of each asset. This decentralized process runs counter to the objective of e-infrastructure management of delivering substantial cost savings through increased efficiencies in the utilization of technology assets across the organization. Given the critical importance of managing this complex environment, organizations are investing significantly in management of e-infrastructure. Gartner Group believes that the combined market for the U.S. and Europe for managing information technology assets will grow from $3.7 billion in 1999 to $7.0 billion in 2002. Furthermore, META Group estimates that while few IT organizations have strategic asset management programs in place currently, over 50% of these organizations will have such programs by 2002. Existing software solutions fail to address the complete e-infrastructure management needs of an organization. The four most prevalent approaches to managing e-infrastructure are: . Internal help desk software. This software focuses on assisting IT help desks with service and maintenance of existing technology assets. Internal help desk software lacks the ability to manage the complete life cycle of technology assets and does not provide the planning tools required to manage the development of e-infrastructure to support business goals; . Enterprise management software. This software is designed to automate and centralize the management function of network, system and application resources across an organization's e-infrastructure. Enterprise management software functions on an operational level only and does not enable business managers to understand, plan and manage the total cost of their technology assets, nor does it empower employees to self-service their technology needs by streamlining the procurement, deployment, management and servicing of e- infrastructure; . Point products. This software is either focused on the physical technology assets themselves, and delivers functionality such as network device administration or software distribution, or it is focused on a specific financial implication of these assets. This software is not capable of addressing both the physical and financial requirements of effective e-infrastructure management. Furthermore, since this software is typically limited in scope and scale, it has difficulty managing enterprise-wide assets on a global and consolidated basis and is unable to provide a comprehensive view of all of an organization's technology assets; and . Internally developed software. This software is designed to address an organization's particular e-infrastructure needs. This customized software is often costly to develop, maintain and upgrade and does not address the rapid change of an organization's e-infrastructure. There exists an opportunity for intelligent e-infrastructure management software that provides an end-to-end life cycle management solution. This solution should provide an organization with a single, comprehensive view of all its technology assets and deliver both a physical and business perspective of these assets in order to manage costs and align its technology investments with the organization's business objectives. Furthermore, the software must integrate with existing products that manage various aspects of the e-infrastructure and leverage the Internet to maximize access and ease of use for the user. 40 The MainControl Solution We offer a comprehensive suite of software and related professional services that enable organizations to optimize the value of their e-infrastructure. Our software and services provide organizations with the ability to align technology investments with their business objectives. Specifically, our software and services provide the following key benefits: . Manage the complete e-infrastructure life cycle. Our software and services provide organizations with complete e-infrastructure life cycle management covering the processes of planning, acquiring, deploying, tracking, managing and disposing of technology assets. These management tasks can be quickly executed from one consolidated repository of data, eliminating the need for costly, error-prone integration of disparate databases and processes; . Provide a single fully integrated view of the e-infrastructure. Our software and services provide organizations with a single, comprehensive view of their e-infrastructure. Our software and services help organizations build a comprehensive, accurate and dynamic repository, which includes all relevant information on the technology environment, including physical asset inventory, which assets are required or authorized, asset values, contract specifications, ordering and procurement information. With this information, organizations can ensure that their technology asset values are updated as changes are made to each asset, which improves the accuracy of corporate financial records and aids in budgeting and planning for technology resources. In addition, our software is scalable, which ensures the accuracy of this process as an organization's e-infrastructure expands; . Leverage the Internet. Our Internet-based software enables organizations to use standard Internet browser technology and allows universal access to delegate appropriate authority throughout a globally dispursed organization while maintaining centralized planning and control. For example, individuals can order a new PC over the Internet under user-specific budgetary constraints and preferred-vendor guidelines, or an office manager can report an office move, initiating a new e-infrastructure planning cycle; . Integrate with other software applications. Our software is flexible and highly configurable, which enables organizations to continue to use existing applications without costly software customization. Our software is designed with functionality that allows our customers to integrate all of our software with other applications used by our customers, including Internet-based procurement, ERP, help desk and enterprise management software. This flexibility enables our customers to maximize the value derived from prior, current and future investments in applications; . Provide business intelligence. Our software provides reporting and analysis functionality that aids decision-makers in managing the development and deployment of their e-infrastructure to meet business objectives. Our data extraction capabilities help users identify business trends and potential problem areas, leading to a reduction in support and service costs. Moreover, by maximizing the information an organization has about its technology operations, it can better align its technology investments with its business objectives. In so doing, organizations can optimize revenue generating business activities and improve their competitive positioning; and . Identify total cost of ownership. Our software and services provide users throughout an organization with the information they need to understand and control the cost of e-infrastructure. In addition, our software provides administrators and executive management with comprehensive analytical, reporting and planning capabilities to explain and allocate the cost of technology assets, plan for additional technology investments and justify existing and planned investment through return-on-investment calculations. 41 Strategy Our objective is to become the leading provider of e-infrastructure management software and services. Key elements of our strategy include: . Expand our customer base by offering subscription services. We recently introduced our e-infrastructure management software on a subscription basis targeted at small and medium sized organizations. This subscription service provides our software to customers over the Internet through an Internet-based, externally-hosted service, which is being provided by USinternetworking's data center. Through this service, we allow organizations, regardless of size and level of technological requirements, to take advantage of our software by eliminating licensing and substantially reducing implementation costs as well as shortening implementation time and service requirements. We believe that the e-infrastructure management needs of small and medium sized organizations are under-served and that our subscription service delivers an innovative solution; . Increase our presence worldwide. We believe that both the domestic and international markets represent substantial growth opportunities as e-business grows, the worldwide market for technology assets expands and organizations recognize the need for solutions to manage their e-infrastructure. We will expand our global presence by further developing our international operations, distribution channels and sales and marketing activities; . Extend core functionality by pursuing strategic relationships or acquisitions. We will continue to explore strategic opportunities in the highly fragmented and rapidly evolving e-infrastructure management market. We intend to forge technology and joint marketing relationships with vendors that offer software with functionality that complements or helps to maximize the benefit of our e- infrastructure management software. Immediate areas of interest include Internet-based market place, software compliance management and telecommunications management. In addition, we may consider acquiring companies that offer products and technologies that enable us to enhance and expand our existing software offerings; . Maintain and extend our technology leadership. We believe that our software suite provides a complete, robust and scalable solution to manage technology assets. We will continue to make substantial investments in research and development to meet the changing requirements of our customers and to remain at the forefront of e- infrastructure management. Furthermore, our open architecture will enable us to continue to forge technology relationships with major enterprise application vendors and online procurement vendors to facilitate the integration of our software with their offerings. In so doing, we help our customers by reducing implementation times and maximizing their existing IT investments; and . Build our business-to-business solutions. We intend to build our business-to-business solutions to address the e-infrastructure management needs of the e-commerce environment. This includes solutions and relationships that will facilitate business-to-business e-commerce activities to address e-infrastructure planning, procurement, management and retirement. We believe that this is an opportunity to bring additional value to our customers, forge business-to-business e-commerce relationships and generate incremental revenue. Products Our existing MC/EMpower software suite and our next generation MC/EMpower i.series software, which we have begun to release, provide an extensive set of application modules that cover a variety of e-infrastructure management functions including planning, Internet-based procurement, contract management, financial management, service management, inventory management, software management and electronic distribution, total cost of ownership management, decision support and integration with different systems and 42 software. The MC/EMpower i.series represents an evolution of our previous MC/EMpower software suite by enhancing functionality, scalability and flexibility and by providing an Internet-based platform. We also recently introduced our MC/EMpower i.series software suite on a subscription service basis. The MC/EMpower i.series software family is summarized below: The MC/EMpower i.series software suite and its intended benefits We have recently released the following modules of the MC/EMpower i.series software suite: . i.advise. Provides business intelligence tools to plan e- infrastructure management, financial management, contract monitoring and vendor and procurement management. i.advise enables users to quickly and easily analyze information about e-infrastructure resources, including inventory information, vendor and procurement data, budget/cost information, contract administration and service management activity. Users are also able to perform multi-dimensional analysis of this information, allowing for fast, cost effective decisions; . i.request. Allows authorized personnel to create, forward, track and check on service requests and purchase requisitions automatically through the Internet or an intranet. By providing this self-service functionality, i.request streamlines both the service management and procurement processes and increases service levels to users; . i.receive. Establishes the link between the procurement process and inventory management in order to service the full life cycle of the technology assets. i.receive enables users to register these assets directly and accurately from i.procure or from a third party vendor procurement product and receive them into i.infrastructure manager, minimizing deployment times; . i.infrastructure manager. Delivers a repository of information on all technology assets and their relationship with the user and corporate community. i.infrastructure manager is a bundled business solution made up of four core components: i.inventory, i.collect, i.track, and i.retire; . i.collect. Provides an Internet, Intranet and e-mail based, centrally managed collection agent that is distributed to technology assets for the purpose of collecting inventory and configuration information. This agent can be centrally scheduled and automatically upgraded. It delivers accurate inventory and configuration information to the i.inventory repository over the Internet and e-mail. i.collect reduces the heavy implementation and resource costs of taking manual inventory and allows for centralized configuration, electronic distribution and electronically scheduled inventory scans; . i.track. Allows users to manage technology moves, additions and changes throughout the e-infrastructure life cycle. i.track enables users to easily reassign technology assets to different locations, users or cost centers, as well as initiate a change process for reassigning technology assets; . i.audit. Offers business tools to compare planned technology assets with the actual deployed resources. i.audit enables organizations to compare deployed technology assets with corporate plans and check any changes over the life cycle of these assets to maintain compliance with corporate policies. i.audit also assists users in maintaining accurate books and records with respect to their e-infrastructure; and . i.implement. Provides functionality that allows users to safely, accurately and rapidly import technology asset related data to initiate the management process. i.implement also has administration capabilities that allow users to accelerate the adaptation of e- infrastructure management practices to existing business processes. 43 We intend to release shortly the following MC/EMpower i.series modules: . i.inventory. Creates a flexible enterprise-wide repository of information by collecting information on all deployed technology assets and storing the information in the repository. i.inventory tracks modifications to all hardware and software throughout the enterprise automatically, allowing organizations to develop a comprehensive inventory of technology asset information; . i.retire. Supports the ability to retire corporate technology assets after their usable life has expired as designated by the organization. i.retire permits users to reassign assets into designated resale, donation or scrap bins; . i.contract. Tracks and manages contracts of all types, including purchase, lease, maintenance, software license, subscription and service. i.contract enables payment management, including payment audits, the process of receiving invoice amounts with contract specifications, and payment scheduling. i.contract refines the ability to monitor vendor compliance with contracts, strengthens problem resolution ability by providing easy access to warranty and maintenance contracts, enables corporate compliance with software licensing agreements and reduces unnecessary spending on contractually covered assets and services; . i.finance. Gives users the ability to compare actual costs from requisitions, orders and contracts with the planned budget and to perform budget tracking by account, cost center and cost type. i.finance enables better planning and control of expenses, increases the accuracy of financial records and improves accountability for technology budgets; . i.chargeback. Provides users the ability to manage chargeback and cost center allocation of individual technology assets purchased or leased by an organization. i.chargeback allows bundles of technology assets, as well as individual assets, to have internal chargeback allocations, therefore enhancing internal accountability, fairness and cost control; and . i.integrate. Assists users in integrating information from other system management tools to our comprehensive e-infrastructure repository. i.integrate enables users to map fields from one database to another, providing a simple and affordable means to exchange data between different e-infrastructure and systems management tools. The following MC/EMpower i.series modules are representative of the next generation of MC/EMpower modules that are currently in development: . i.procure. Delivers comprehensive, online management of technology procurement. i.procure gives users the ability to choose from standard configurations of prepackaged products or select individual items from an organization-approved catalog and approve requests electronically. i.procure integrates with ERP and Internet-based procurement applications to interact with suppliers electronically. i.procure streamlines and simplifies the technology procurement process, increases utilization of organizational purchasing power and reduces unnecessary purchases; and . i.service. Provides the focal point for managing service requests, such as requests for new hardware and software or moves, adds and changes to current equipment. i.service offers a user-friendly interface for entering and retrieving data on service requests throughout the organization. i.service improves the ability to track the status of service requests, enables better planning of change and service activities, streamlines user support processes and improves service level and responsiveness to users. We offer our software as an enterprise application installed on-site, which has been our primary organization revenue source to date. We have also entered into a hosting agreement with USinternetworking to provide access through its data centers to our i.infrastructure manager and i.implement software over the Internet as a subscription service through our ASP delivery method, which we began offering in April 2000. In addition, we intend to provide complimentary ASP services through an alliance with Spirian Technologies, Inc. 44 Our products give users the benefits of a flexible, integrated software suite, where each module is capable of working either alone or in conjunction with other modules. This enables an organization to determine its most critical e-infrastructure management needs and implement a solution in accordance with time and budget constraints. At a later date, an organization may expand this solution by adding other software modules and targeted groups of modules as corporate needs change or additional budget dollars become available. Technology Our software suite was built using a flexible architecture we developed and have continually improved upon since our inception in 1994. Each component within the software, including database, business logic and user interface, is structured so that the components can be easily added, exchanged or removed as new technologies emerge or as an organization's requirements change. LOGO In the technology section-- Title: MainControl MC/EMpower i.series Architecture The first tier box contains the words "Standard Web Browser." Linked to this first tier box and directly below it is a smaller box labeled "MC/EMpower i.series Web Interface." The second tier box contains the words "Standard Web Server." Linked to this second tier box and directly below it is a smaller box labeled "Standard Web Application Server." The first and second tier boxes are connected with a solid line. The third tier box contains the words "MC/EMpower i.series Applications." Directly below this third tier box are nine individual boxes (3x3) labeled from left to right, then top to bottom 1) Advise, 2) Plan, 3) Request, 4) Procure, 5) Deploy, 6) Manage, 7) Service, 8) Dispose, 9) Integrate. The third and second tier boxes are connected with a solid line. The third tier box is also connected to the box labeled "MC/EMpower i.series Web Interface" by a solid line. Both the "MC/EMpower Web Interface" box and the "MC/EMpower i.series Applications" box are connected to a circle labeled "Business Process Oriented User Interface" on the right hand side of this diagram. The fourth tier box contains the words "MC/EMpower i.series Repository." Directly below this fourth tier box is a smaller box labeled "Standard Relational Database." The third and fourth tier boxes are connected by a solid line. Running across the left side of the tiered boxes are the words "Standard Internet Communication." Our software supports multiple commercially available databases, operating systems, Web servers and Internet browsers including: . all Windows-based operating systems and the most widely used UNIX operating systems, including Sun, HP, and IBM/AIX; . standard relational databases, including Oracle, Microsoft SQL/Server, Informix, IBM's DB2 and Sybase, which are shared by our software and integrated third party applications; . Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator Internet browsers; and . Web servers including Microsoft IIS, Netscape and Apache. Our software architecture is designed to be reliable in large networks and to support Internet technologies. The software is configurable to allow the customers to modify the application to meet their specific business needs without requiring additional development. In addition, we provide Java-based integration tools that enable third party repositories or applications to be easily integrated into our e-infrastructure management solution. Most of our functionality is Web-enabled and can be accessed by using a standard Internet browser. Also, several key modules have been converted to the Java programming language to exploit new and future emerging capabilities, while other modules have been developed using proven and robust technologies such as C and C++. 45 Our software's architecture is designed for rapid integration with our customers' existing systems and applications. As a result, we enable organizations to leverage previous technology investments and implement a comprehensive, enterprise-wide solution, without the requirement for systems integrators. Integration can be accomplished at two levels: . Database level: Integration at the database level can be achieved through our Java-based integration module i.integrate, which we anticipate releasing shortly. i.integrate provides an easy method for integration with business and financial applications such as Internet-based procurement. i.integrate also provides out-of-the-box interfaces to network and systems administration software from companies such as Microsoft and Tivoli Systems, a subsidiary of IBM, Intel, Computer Associates, Tally Systems Corporation, Hewlett- Packard and Compaq. Additionally, i.integrate provides integration capabilities with systems from companies including SAP AG, Oracle Corporation and PeopleSoft, and to Internet-based procurement products from companies including Ariba, Inc., Intelisys Electronic Commerce, Inc. and Commerce One, Inc. . Application level: Integration is possible at the application level through our published application programming interfaces, or APIs. These APIs provide an easy method for data exchange and business process integration between our software and external ERP applications by producing an external application that can invoke our screen and pass data to it while maintaining the business process and role based integrity of the external application. Customers As of March 31, 2000, we had over 200 customers. The following is a representative list of organizations in the United States and Europe that had purchased licenses to manage their technology assets with our software. The companies selected below are a representative cross-section of our customers in the United States and Europe, based upon the number of technology assets licensed. These customers accounted for an aggregate of 42% and 52% of our revenues during fiscal year 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, respectively. United States Europe Andersen Consulting BG International Computer Sciences Corporation Computacenter Home Depot Deutsche Post Sears, Roebuck & Co. HypoVereinsbank Southwest Airlines Swisscom Unilever Systems Capital Customers comprising 10% or more of our revenues in fiscal year 1999 consisted of Computer Sciences Corporation, Swisscom and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. These customers represented approximately 15%, 13% and 12%, respectively, of our revenues in fiscal year 1999. Additionally, two different customers, Andersen Consulting and Computacenter, represented approximately 20% and 11% of our revenues, respectively, in the six months ended March 31, 2000. Customer Case Study Swisscom. Swisscom is Switzerland's leading telecommunications company, offering a full range of voice and data communication services on fixed-line and mobile networks. Swisscom has a large, distributed IT network with over 25,000 assets and 200,000 technology components. Due to the vast nature of its e-infrastructure, Swisscom required a method to align its technology with its business processes in order to 46 control costs and improve the return on its technology investment. Swisscom also needed a solution that would help it ensure deployment of technology assets according to corporate policies and standards. Our MC/EMpower software provided Swisscom with an automated, centralized information repository for its technology resources to help it centralize control of its large distributed network. MC/EMpower enabled Swisscom to implement its planned chargeback for use of PCs to each internal department. In addition, through integration with Swisscom's SAP system, our software helped streamline procurement by allowing baseline demographic and financial information to be shared among various management systems, thus eliminating the need for duplicate data entry. As a result, Swisscom has been able to significantly lower its cost of owning technology and achieve a better return on its technology investments. Sales and Marketing Direct sales force. As of March 31, 2000, we had a direct sales force of 27 account executives and pre-sales software engineers in seven locations in North America and Europe. We are expanding our sales force in North America and Europe to achieve greater market penetration. The sales force is closely supported by the marketing organization, through the creation of marketing material, customer demonstrations and lead generation. Moreover, an integral part of the sales team are the pre-sales software engineers, who are responsible for educating the prospective customer about the technical features of the products. Strategic Alliances. We have established strategic relationships with third parties to promote, market and service our software in the United States and internationally. Resellers and distributors generally resell our software, which may be bundled with their own existing solutions and services. Outsourcers use our software in order to deliver services to manage the e- infrastructure of their customers. Original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, integrate our technology with their own and may market the resulting software under their own name. Services partners implement our software and provide related consulting services. Our ASP subscription service will be sold directly and through third parties. The third party may either refer us business, use its own hardware infrastructure to host the ASP subscription service, or we may host the service under the third party's name. Our strategic relationships include: Distributors/Resellers: Outsourcing/ASP: Amdahl Computacenter Computer Sciences Corporation Arthur Andersen USinternetworking CIEME Informatique Implementation and Technology Alliances: Compaq Aether Inacom Computer Associates Interchip Hewlett Packard Selesta Intelisys Tethys KPMG Consulting Unisys Microsoft USU Softwarehaus Tivoli OEM: PeopleSoft Customer Services We have a skilled team of professionals to help our customers analyze, design, implement and support their technology requirements. We are committed to delivering a range of high quality consulting, implementation, training and support services. We further believe that providing superior services allows us to form a working relationship with our customers to produce a long-term, successful and effective solution. The 47 relationships we form as part of our customer service strategy will continue to be a key source of loyalty as we develop and deliver solutions in the technology marketplace. Our service delivery is designed to accomplish the following goals: . Professional services. As part of our software delivery, we provide professional services to assist our clients in shortening the time between the purchase of our applications and the realization of their business value. Our professional services organization offers training, implementation services and ongoing project management to deliver a complete, fully-adapted and immediately useful solution to a trained and prepared customer organization; . Training services. Our training department provides a comprehensive training program that covers the technology resource planning as well as providing expert courses on all of our software. We provide a full range of hands-on training courses designed to give a comprehensive, practical understanding of the capabilities and operation of the e-infrastructure software solutions. Upon completion of certain levels of these courses, students receive certification as user, administrator or specialist. Training is provided both internally to our employees and externally to customers and prospects; . Effective problem solving. We work to identify the customer's problem areas and prioritize them based on their impact to the company. As a result, our solution will have the most impact and value for the customer; and . Customer competitive advantage. We believe that our customers gain competitive advantage by creating efficient information technology operational processes, which allows our customers to align their technology investments with their business objectives, resulting in enhanced productivity. Research and Development We have made substantial investments in product research and development. We believe that our future performance will depend in large part on our ability to maintain and enhance our current software, develop new products that achieve market acceptance, maintain technological competitiveness and meet an expanding range of customer requirements. As of March 31, 2000, our research and development staff consisted of 48 employees. Competition The market for our software is highly competitive, fragmented and subject to rapid technological change and frequent new software introductions and enhancements. Competitors vary in size and in the scope and breadth of software and services offered. While we believe that only one other company, Peregrine Systems, Inc., positions itself as a direct competitor to us, we encounter competition from a number of additional sources, including: . providers of internal help desk software applications, such as Remedy Corporation, which are developing new software to complement these applications in order to broaden the scope of their solutions; . enterprise management software companies such as Microsoft Corporation, Tivoli Systems, Inc., a subsidiary of IBM, Computer Associates International, Inc. and Hewlett-Packard Company; . point product offerings such as inventory management, software distribution and other database application offerings from companies such as Janus Technologies, Inc., Tally Systems Corporation and Tangram Enterprise Solutions, Inc.; and . internally developed software applications. We believe that we are differentiated from our competitors by our software's ability to combine the functions of these disparate solutions in one integrated solution. We believe that none of our competitors provide all of this functionality in a single solution. We believe that we also compete on our software's ability to operate across multiple operating systems. 48 Some of our competitors have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. In addition, we anticipate additional competition from other established and emerging companies as the market for e-infrastructure management software expands. We further expect software industry consolidation to continue in the future, and it is possible that alliances among competitors may emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share. We believe that major competitive factors affecting the market for our software include: . product features including breadth of functionality, design, performance, flexibility, scalability, ease of use and ability to interface with other software products; . effectiveness of marketing activities and distribution channels; and . price. We believe that our MC/EMpower i.series software compares favorably with other products with respect to each of these factors. However, our market is evolving rapidly and we may not be able to maintain our competitive position against current and potential competitors. Proprietary Rights and Licenses Protection of proprietary information. Our success is dependent, in large part, upon our proprietary technology, and our attempt to protect it by relying on trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret law, together with confidentiality arrangements which include restrictions on disclosure and transfer of title. While we currently have no patents or patents pending, we consider the appropriateness of applying for patents from time to time. We generally enter into confidentiality and related agreements with our employees and consultants, and attempt to control access to and distribution of its documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our proprietary information without authorization or to develop similar technology independently. See "Related Party Transactions and Certain Relationships." Product licenses. We typically distribute our products under software license agreements that grant customers non-exclusive licenses to use the MC/EMpower suite of products. This license generally is restricted to internal use on a designated number of computers, assets or users, as applicable, and is subject to terms and conditions prohibiting unauthorized reproduction or transfer of the software products. Exceptions have been made for outsourcing providers. We authorize resellers and distributors to sublicense our software under sublicense agreements on generally the same terms and conditions as the our standard license agreement to the extent the terms and conditions are recognized by local law. We routinely include third-party software programs and tools in our software subject to the terms of license agreements with those third parties. Under certain limited circumstances, we may make available the source code for our software or technology under an escrow arrangement which restricts access to, and use of, the source code. See "Related Party Transactions and Certain Relationships" for a more detailed description of the funding provided by the Office of the Chief Scientist of the State of Israel. Intellectual property rights. The intellectual property rights to the products sold by us generally fall into three categories: . intellectual property rights owned by us; . intellectual property rights relating to products developed and owned by us which utilize the technology of third parties under non- exclusive term license agreements; and . intellectual property and development rights owned by ValueSolution, our German joint venture with USU. 49 We generally retain intellectual property rights in agreements relating to the provision of professional services, except for non-exclusive grants solely for internal use provided to the particular customer. Trademarks. We have registered and applied for registration of some of the trademarks and service marks we use with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and other appropriate agencies internationally, especially in Europe. We will continue to analyze whether we should register additional trademarks and service marks. This prospectus also makes reference to other trademarks that we own, some of which we may seek registration for, and to trademarks of other companies. Effective trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services are delivered or made available through the Internet and policing unauthorized use of our proprietary information is difficult. Although we are not aware of any claims that our software, trademarks or other proprietary rights infringe on the proprietary rights of third parties, there can be no assurance that third parties will not assert infringement claims against us in the future with respect to current or future products or that such assertion may not result in costly litigation to defend. See "Risk Factors--Disputes regarding our intellectual property could harm our ability to sell our software." Employees As of March 31, 2000, we had 163 full-time employees worldwide, of whom 48 were engaged in research and development, 50 in sales and marketing, 7 in technical support, 29 in professional services, and 29 in administration. None of our employees are represented by a labor union. We have not experienced any work stoppages and consider our relations with our employees to be good. Legal Proceedings As of the date of this prospectus, we are not a party in any litigation or other legal proceeding that, in the opinion of management, could harm our business, operating results or financial condition. Facilities United States. Our headquarters, which include administrative, research and development, customer service, sales and marketing, training and general corporate facilities, occupy approximately 40,000 square feet of leased space in a single building in McLean, Virginia, U.S.A. The lease term extends through September 30, 2004 and we have a limited right of first offer for additional space that may become available in the building. United Kingdom. Our United Kingdom subsidiary has leased full-service office and meeting room facilities of approximately 1,500 square feet until May 27, 2001. Germany. We have incorporated a German subsidiary and expect to lease office space in or near Munich. 50 MANAGEMENT Executive Officers and Directors Our executive officers and directors, and their respective ages and positions as of May 31, 2000, are as follows: Name Age Position ---- --- -------- Alex Pinchev......................... 50 Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President David J. Piper....................... 43 Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary Zack Margolis........................ 49 Senior Vice President Marketing and Operations Marty Babst.......................... 54 Vice President Business Services Wayne Monk........................... 40 Vice President North American Sales John Griffin......................... 52 Vice President Europe, Middle East and Africa Sales Werner Knoblich...................... 35 Vice President Global Services Christopher Germann.................. 37 Vice President Corporate Strategy David G. Basil....................... 32 Vice President Strategic Alliances Yair Granek.......................... 44 Vice President Research and Technology Gregg B. Schor....................... 35 Vice President and General Counsel Meir Barel........................... 49 Director Jon Bayless.......................... 60 Director J. Carter Beese...................... 43 Director John Burton.......................... 48 Director Dennis J. Gorman..................... 41 Director Carl H. Hahn......................... 73 Director Dieter Riffel........................ 56 Director Alex Pinchev, one of our original founders, has served as chairman, chief executive officer and president since our inception in 1996. From 1987 to 1996, Mr. Pinchev was president and chief executive officer of Interchip, a German company founded by Mr. Pinchev that provides software development, marketing and integration services for large corporations in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Mr. Pinchev received a Bachelor of Science in Applied Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of St. Petersburg in 1973 and a Masters in Computer Science from Tel Aviv University in 1974. David J. Piper has served as our senior vice president since October 1999 and as chief financial officer since June 1997. Prior to joining us, Mr. Piper spent 17 years with Price Waterhouse LLP, including 5 years as a partner in its high technology practice in Northern Virginia. More recently, he was a consultant providing CFO services to public and pre-IPO technology companies, including MainControl in 1996 and 1997. Mr. Piper is a Certified Public Accountant and received a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from the University of Maryland in 1978. Zack Margolis joined us in 1996 as vice president of marketing and has served as senior vice president of marketing and operations since March 2000. Prior to that, Mr. Margolis spent 17 years in various engineering, sales and marketing executive positions with IBM. Mr. Margolis received a Bachelor of Science in Engineering from Tel Aviv University in 1978. Marty Babst joined us in June 1999 as vice president of business services. Mr. Babst is responsible for developing our application service provider Web-enabled software subscription services. Prior to joining us, Mr. Babst was a vice president of Computer Sciences Corporation. Mr. Babst received a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the University of Maryland in 1967. 51 Wayne Monk joined us in September 1998 as director of North America channels and has served as vice president of North American sales since October 1999. From June 1995 to September 1998, Mr. Monk served as a vice president of Savoir Technology Group, Inc. Mr. Monk received a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1982. John Griffin joined us in November 1999 as vice president of Europe, Middle East and Africa sales. From 1996 to 1999, Mr. Griffin was vice president of Europe, Middle East and Africa for Centura Software Corporation. Prior to that, Mr. Griffin spent 15 years with IBM, including as regional manager of channel marketing. Mr. Griffin received an Economics and Law degree from Keele University in 1968. Werner Knoblich joined us in 1997 as product manager and has served as vice president of customer service delivery since September 1999. Mr. Knoblich has been involved with asset management implementations in Germany and the United States and, since April 1999, has been responsible for implementation of the MC/EMpower software suite on a worldwide basis. Prior to joining us, Mr. Knoblich was a project manager and consultant for USU from 1992 to 1997. Mr. Knoblich received a Diplom Okonom from the University of Stuttgart Hohenheim in 1991. Christopher Germann joined us in July 1999 as vice president of corporate strategy. Prior to joining us, he was a research director for Gartner Group, Inc., where he focused on IT asset management tools, asset management implementation strategies, and software license management technologies. Mr. Germann received a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and International Relations from Brigham Young University in 1988. David G. Basil joined us in April 1997 as director of professional services and has served as vice president of product development since March 1998 and vice president of strategic alliances since March 2000. From 1993 to 1997, Mr. Basil was the director of information technology consulting services and manager of software development and business process engineering at GE Capital Information Technology Solutions. Mr. Basil received a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Business from Siena College in 1990. Yair Granek joined our predecessor Israeli company in August 1994 as vice president of research and development and has served as vice president of research and technology since March 2000. Prior to joining us, he worked for four years at PC Soft International Ltd. as general and development manager. Mr. Granek received a Diploma from the Mamran Software Programming School of the Israel Defense Forces in 1976. Gregg B. Schor has served as our general counsel since January 1998 and has served as a vice president since October 1999. Prior to joining us, he held various positions at Softworks, Inc., most recently as deputy general counsel and director of European operations. Mr. Schor received a Juris Doctor degree from St. John's University School of Law in 1990, and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Queens College in 1987. Meir Barel, Ph.D., has served as a member of our board of directors since 1998. Dr. Barel is the founder and managing partner of the STAR entities, a venture capital firm which has been investing in Israel related companies since 1992. From 1986 to 1992, Dr. Barel was an investment manager and later a managing partner of TVM Techno Venture Management GmbH & Co. KG, a large venture capital company based in Germany. He currently serves on the board of Advanced Vision Technology Ltd., BreezeCOM Ltd., Chiaro Networks Ltd., Floware Wireless Systems Ltd., Mutek Solutions Ltd., RT-Set Ltd., Orckit Communications Ltd and SunGard Data Systems, Inc. Dr. Barel holds a Master's Degree and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the Department of Data Communications at the Technical University in Aachen, Germany. Jon Bayless, Ph.D., has served as a member of our board of directors since 1998. Dr. Bayless has been a partner in Sevin Rosen Funds since 1981. Prior to joining Sevin Rosen Funds, Dr. Bayless held management and engineering positions with Arthur A. Collins, Inc., Defense Communications Agency, E- Systems, and 52 Motorola, Inc. Dr. Bayless received a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma, a Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Alabama and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Arizona State University. J. Carter Beese has served as a member of our board of directors since January 2000. Mr. Beese has served as president of Riggs Capital Partners, a division of Riggs National Corporation, since July 1998. From September 1997 until July 1998, he served as vice chairman of the Global Banking Group of BT Alex. Brown. Prior to the mergers of Bankers Trust and Alex. Brown, Mr. Beese was chairman of Alex. Brown International. From February 1992 until November 1994, Mr. Beese served as a Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Mr. Beese also serves as a senior advisor to the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He is a member of the board of directors of Aether Systems, Inc., China.com Corporation, Internet Securities, Inc. and Natural Solutions, Inc. John Burton has served as a member of our board of directors since May 1997. Mr. Burton is currently a managing director of Updata Capital, Inc., an investment banking firm specializing in mergers and acquisitions in the information technology industry. From 1989 to 1995, Mr. Burton was president and later CEO of Legent Corporation. He currently serves on the board of directors of Banyan Systems, Inc., Axent Technologies, Inc. and SAGA Software, Inc. Mr. Burton graduated from Boston College. Dennis J. Gorman has served as a member of our board of directors since April 1996. Mr. Gorman currently sits on the board of other high-tech companies. From 1984 to 1998, Mr. Gorman was a general partner in Sevin Rosen Funds. Prior to his time at Sevin Rosen Funds, Mr. Gorman was employed at the Central Research Laboratory of Texas Instruments, Inc. Mr. Gorman received a Bachelor of Science, a Master of Science and a Master in Business from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Carl H. Hahn, Ph.D., was chairman of the board of management of Volkswagen AG from 1982 to 1992. He served as chairman of the board of management of Continental Gummi-Werke Hannover, a global tire manufacturer, from 1972 to 1982. Prior to that time, Dr. Hahn served in a variety of senior management positions for Volkswagen, including chief executive officer of Volkswagen of America and as a member of its board of management. He is also a member of the board of directors of Gerling Global Group, HAWESKO, Sachsenring Automobiltechnik AG and Perot Systems Corporation and of the international advisory boards of Timken Company and Textron, Inc. In addition, he is an advisor to the board of TRW, Inc. Dieter Riffel has been a member of our board of directors since January 1996. Mr. Riffel is our co-founder and served as a director of MainControl, Ltd., our Israeli predecessor. Mr. Riffel has served as the president and CEO of Interchip, since 1987. Mr. Riffel received his Master's Degree in Electronics from the Technical University in Munich, Germany, in 1968. Board of Directors Our board of directors currently consists of eight positions. The directors have a term of twelve months. Effective upon the offering, and subject to shareholders' approval, our board of directors will be divided into three classes. Directors of each class will be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders held in the year in which the term for such class expires and will serve thereafter for three years. The terms of John Burton, Dennis J. Gorman and Carl H. Hahn will expire in 2001; the terms of Meir Barel, J. Carter Beese and Dieter Riffel will expire in 2002; and the terms of Alex Pinchev and Jon Bayless will expire in 2003. 53 Independent directors not affiliated with investors are reimbursed for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending board of director meetings. In addition, upon election to the board of directors, each director is automatically granted 60,000 non-qualified stock options to purchase our common stock pursuant to the 2000 Equity Plan. Such options will vest at a rate of 25% on the first anniversary of the date of grant and will vest monthly at an annual rate of 25% thereafter. Executive Compensation The following table sets forth information concerning compensation of our chief executive officer and our other most highly compensated executive officers whose aggregate cash compensation exceeded $100,000 during fiscal year 1999, or named executive officers. Summary Compensation Table Annual Compensation (1) ----------------- Bonus Name and Principal Position Salary (2) --------------------------- -------- -------- Alex Pinchev................................................. $375,000 $385,000 Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President David J. Piper............................................... $150,000 $ 50,450 Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary John de Wit (3).............................................. $150,000 $115,500 Vice President Worldwide Sales Zack Margolis................................................ $150,000 $ 75,450 Senior Vice President Marketing and Operations Yair Granek.................................................. $145,000 $ 50,450 Vice President Research and Technology - -------- (1) With respect to each of the named executive officers, the aggregate amount of perquisites and other personal benefits, securities, or property received was less than either $50,000 or 10% of the total annual salary and bonus reported for such named executive officer. (2) Includes bonus amounts earned in fiscal year 1999 and paid in fiscal year 2000. (3) As of January 31, 2000, John de Wit ceased to be an executive officer of MainControl. Aggregate Option Exercises in Fiscal Year 1999 and Year-end Option Values The following table sets forth information concerning exercises of stock options during fiscal year 1999 by each of our named executive officers and the number and value of their option holdings. Number of Securities Underlying Value of In-the-Money Unexercised Options Unexercised Options at Shares at September 30, 1999 September 30, 1999 (1) Acquired on Value ---------------------- ------------------------ Name Exercise Realized Vested Unvested Vested Unvested ---- ----------- -------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ------------ Alex Pinchev............ -- -- -- -- $ -- $ -- David J. Piper.......... 50,000 $130,000 -- 50,000 -- 196,500 John de Wit............. -- -- 27,083 72,917 106,438 286,563 Zack Margolis........... -- -- 18,958 51,042 74,506 200,594 Yair Granek............. -- -- 13,542 36,458 53,219 143,281 - -------- (1) The value of "in-the-money" options represents the positive difference between the exercise price of stock options and the deemed fair value of our common stock as of September 30, 1999. 54 During the last completed fiscal year, the executive committee of our board of directors, consisting of Jon Bayless, Dennis J. Gorman and John Burton, participated in deliberations regarding compensation for Alex Pinchev, our chairman, president and chief executive officer. Compensation for the remaining executive officers was set by Alex Pinchev in his capacity as chief executive officer. 1996 Stock Option Plan As of March 31, 2000, our 1996 Stock Option Plan had a total of 6,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance. The 1996 Stock Option Plan, which is administered by our board of directors, provides for the granting of either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options to purchase shares of our common stock to employees, non-employee members of our board of directors and consultants. Stock options granted under the 1996 Stock Option Plan generally have a ten-year contractual life and are exercisable on the date of grant. Unvested shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the options are subject to a repurchase right in favor of MainControl, which expires at the rate of 25 percent on the one year anniversary of the date of grant and ratably thereafter over the following three-year period as the optionee becomes vested in the issued shares. As of March 31, 2000, there were 2,479,761 options outstanding pursuant to the 1996 Stock Option Plan and 1,956,007 additional shares available for grant under the plan. In May 2000, the 1996 Stock Option Plan was amended, subject to shareholder approval, to increase total shares of common stock reserved for issuance to 10,000,000. 2000 Equity Plan Our 2000 Equity Plan, which will become effective upon the closing of this offering, will replace our 1996 Stock Option Plan. The 2000 Equity Plan will be administered by a committee of our board of directors and will have a total of 10,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance. However, the maximum number of shares issuable under the 2000 Equity Plan will equal the remaining shares available for issuance under the 1996 Plan. The 2000 Equity Plan is intended to promote the interests of MainControl and our stockholders by enhancing our ability to attract and retain key employees and officers and to provide a means to encourage stock ownership and proprietary interest in MainControl by officers and key employees upon whose judgment, initiative and efforts the financial success and growth of MainControl largely depend. Awards under the 2000 Equity Plan may be made in the form of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, restricted stock units and performance units, other awards and options for non-employee directors. Awards may be made to officers and employees of MainControl at the committee's discretion. Awards granted under the 2000 Equity Plan and shares of common stock acquired pursuant thereto will be subject to a number of rights and restrictions, including provisions relating to the termination of employment or service of the grantee. The committee may, without stockholder approval, suspend, discontinue, revise or amend the 2000 Equity Plan at any time; however, stockholder approval is required for any amendment for which such approval is required by Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or by other provisions of applicable law. Unless sooner terminated by the committee, the provisions of the 2000 Equity Plan relating to the grant of incentive stock options will terminate in 10 years. All awards made under the 2000 Equity Plan prior to its termination shall remain in effect until they are satisfied or terminated. The committee will be authorized to construe, interpret and implement the provisions of the 2000 Equity Plan, to select the persons to whom awards will be granted, to determine the terms and provisions of such awards, including the vesting schedule and purchase price per share payable upon exercise of an option, to amend outstanding awards and to determine the effect, if any, of a change in control on the vesting and exercisability of any award. 55 2000 Executive Incentive Plan The 2000 Executive Incentive Plan, which will become effective upon the closing of this offering, is intended to attract, retain, motivate and reward executives and key employees. The plan offers executives and key employees the opportunity to earn incentive compensation that is directly linked to our performance. The compensation committee of the board of directors will determine whether any executive officer, senior officer or other employee of MainControl will earn incentive compensation under the 2000 Executive Incentive Plan during a performance period. The 2000 Executive Incentive Plan will be administered by the board of directors or the committee. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which will become effective upon the closing of this offering, will be administered by the board or a committee of the board and is intended to qualify as an "employee stock purchase plan" under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the board of directors or the committee administering the plan may grant options to eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions. The purchase price of shares of our common stock purchased under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan will be 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the shares of common stock on the date the option was granted or the date the option is exercised. A total of 4,000,000 shares of common stock will be reserved for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The Employee Stock Purchase Plan is intended to help us attract and retain outstanding employees through the incentives of stock ownership. 401(k) Plan Our 401(k) Savings Plan is intended to encourage and facilitate employee preparation for retirement. The plan allows us to provide matching discretionary contributions of cash or MainControl common stock up to 100% of participant contributions. Effective January 1, 2000, our board of directors approved a matching contribution by us of 50% for the first 6% contributed by each employee. The 401(k) Savings Plan is designed to qualify under Section 401 of the Code, so that contributions by employees or by us to the plan, and income earned on the plan contributions, are not taxable to employees until withdrawn from the plan, and so that contributions by us, if any, will be deductible by us when made. A total of 2,000,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance under the 401(k) Savings Plan. Employment Agreements We are a party to an employment agreement with Alex Pinchev, our chief executive officer, the terms of which include annual salary, profit sharing bonus, reimbursement for automobile, cellular phone and work-related entertainment expenses, medical insurance, stock options, and noncompetition and nondisclosure provisions. We also are required to procure $4.0 million worth of term life insurance for Mr. Pinchev, $2.0 million to be payable to us and $2.0 million to be payable to Mr. Pinchev's estate. If we terminate Mr. Pinchev's agreement without cause, we are required to make a single lump sum payment of $206,244 to Mr. Pinchev. Limitation of Liability and Indemnification Matters Our restated certificate of incorporation provides that, except to the extent prohibited by the Delaware General Corporate Law, or DGCL, our directors shall not be personally liable to MainControl or its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as directors of MainControl. Section 145 of the DGCL allows a corporation to indemnify its directors and officers and to purchase insurance with respect to liability arising out of their capacity or status as directors and officers. However, this provision does not eliminate or limit the liability of a director: . for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders; 56 . for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; . for arising under Section 174 of the DGCL; and . for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. The DGCL provides further that the indemnification may be supplemented by any other rights which the directors and officers have under the corporation's bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or otherwise. Our bylaws provide that we shall, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding (whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of MainControl, or is or was serving at the request of MainControl as a director, officer, employee or agent of another entity, against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement incurred by such person in connection with such proceeding, if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of MainControl. However, indemnification is not generally available if such person is found to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his or her duties to MainControl. Our bylaws also permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of MainControl, or is or was serving at the request of MainControl as a director, officer, employee or agent of another entity, for any liability arising out of his or her actions in such capacity or his or her status as such, regardless of whether the Bylaws or the DGCL would permit indemnification. We have obtained liability insurance for our officers and directors. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any director, officer, employee or agent as to which indemnification will be required or permitted. We are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that may result in a claim for such indemnification. 57 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS Related Party Transactions We are a party to an international marketing agreement with Interchip, which is owned by MainControl's chief executive officer, Alex Pinchev, and Dieter Riffel, both of whom are members of our board of directors. The original term of the agreement extended through December 2000 but has been amended to extend through April 2001, subject to specified conditions. Under the marketing agreement, Interchip has a non-exclusive right to market our products, other than the ValueSolution software, in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Interchip is generally entitled to retain 50% of license and maintenance revenue. Instances where sales and maintenance revenue are not split equally between Interchip and MainControl include revenue from Interchip's sale of ValueSolution software within the exclusive territory of our joint venture partner, USU, which is split equally between MainControl, Interchip and USU. Additionally, Interchip subcontracts implementation services from MainControl at rates equivalent to those charged to non-affiliated distributors. During the years ended September 30, 1997, 1998, 1999 and during the six months ended March 31, 2000, we recognized revenues of $1.1 million, $2.2 million, $2.7 million and $198,000, respectively, and distributor expense of $557,000, $1.4 million, $1.3 million and $64,000, respectively, from sales to end-users in which Interchip acted as the distributor. Accounts receivable due from Interchip at September 30, 1998, 1999 and at March 31, 2000 was $1.2 million, $174,000 and $125,000, respectively. In December 1998, the joint venture formed by MainControl and USU, a stockholder of MainControl, became effective. The joint venture, ValueSolution, is a limited partnership organized under the laws of Germany for the purpose of developing, enhancing and marketing information technology asset management software, including the ValueSolution software, which was contributed to ValueSolution by USU. We purchased a 50% interest, with a two-vote majority, in the joint venture for approximately $2.7 million, consisting of $603,000 in cash and $2.1 million related to stock-based consideration. In August 1998, we issued 750,000 shares of common stock to USU for $465,000. The shares of common stock were subject to repurchase until ValueSolution was formed in December 1998. Additionally, in conjunction with the formation of ValueSolution with USU, we entered into a consulting agreement with Karin Strehl, a member of the board of directors of USU, for the provision of advice and counsel to us regarding the legal and procedural aspects of operating a business in Germany. As consideration for these services, Ms. Strehl was issued 50,000 shares of our common stock. The $2.1 million value for the stock portion of the consideration was determined as the difference between the estimated market price of $2.6 million of our common stock on the date of formation for the 800,000 shares issued and the $465,000 cash received from USU. While under the terms of the partnership agreement we maintain a two-vote majority, specialized matters require the consent of all stockholders' thus eliminating our ability to exercise control over matters other than the development and enhancement of the software. The specialized matters requiring the consent of all stockholders include significant decisions that impact the entire organization, such as the acquisition or discontinuance of divisions, branches or fields of operation; the disposition of real property or equivalent rights; the modification of partnership, distribution, affiliate or licensing rights; and matters affecting budgeting, pricing, financial accounting and auditing. In connection with the joint venture, we entered into a marketing and distribution agreement with ValueSolution, pursuant to which we have the exclusive right to market and sublicense to customers the ValueSolution software worldwide except in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. USU has also entered into an identical marketing and distribution agreement with ValueSolution except that USU has the exclusive right to market and sublicense to customers the ValueSolution software in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. MainControl and USU maintain these exclusive software distribution rights in exchange for royalty payments to the joint venture equal to 30% of product sales and maintenance fees. Additionally, we provide product 58 development support to the joint venture in exchange for development fees. Software development expense in support of the joint venture is recorded as research and development expenses in the period incurred. Development fees from our development contract with the joint venture are recognized as work is performed under a time and materials arrangement whereby development fees are billed based on pre-established rates subject to a maximum total fee based on certain percentages of annual sales, which consist solely of royalties. Currently, this percentage is equal to 95% of such royalties through fiscal year 2000. The percentage will decrease to 90% for fiscal years 2001 and 2002 and further decreases to 70% in years thereafter. However, we are not limited in performing software development activities in support of the joint venture's software and may incur expenses in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture. To the extent that future joint venture annual sales are available, costs incurred in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture because of contractual payment limitations will be paid in subsequent periods. Additionally, as we maintain distribution rights to the joint venture's software, we recover research and development expenses incurred in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture through revenues generated by sales of the joint venture's software. During the year ended September 30, 1999, and the six months ended March 31, 2000, we recognized approximately $1.1 million and $923,000, respectively, in product development revenue in connection with joint venture product development activities. During fiscal year 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, we incurred approximately $548,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, in expenses related to research and development expenses in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture. Additionally, during the year ended September 30, 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, we incurred approximately $778,000 and $836,000, respectively, in royalty expense in connection with software sales. Each party may terminate the joint venture agreement for cause at any time and may terminate it without cause at any time after September 30, 2008 upon one year's notice. In the event that a party elects to terminate its participation, the other party may continue the joint venture upon the payment of certain compensation to the terminating party. If either party withdraws from the joint venture, it is entitled to compensation determined by its pro rata partnership value based upon the joint venture's balance sheet at the time. However, this payment may not exceed $10.0 million or three times the net proceeds of the joint venture during the prior twelve months, whichever is higher. If no agreement is reached on the amount of compensation, an expert named by the Stuttgart Chamber of Industry and Commerce will decide as arbitrator. The parties may not produce or distribute products which compete with ValueSolution's products until one year after their withdrawal from the joint venture. Additionally, we have entered into agreements with USU and may continue to enter into agreements with related parties in the future. It is our policy to enter into arrangements with related parties on an arm's-length basis, which means that the terms of the arrangements with related parties are no less or more favorable than the terms with non-affiliates. From time to time we engage USU's consultants for professional services and development work. During the years ended September 30, 1997, 1998 and 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, we incurred expenses of approximately $8,000, $267,000, $451,000 and $141,000, respectively, in connection with the engagement of USU consultants. In connection with the sale and distribution of certain of USU's products during the years ended September 30, 1997, 1998 and 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, we incurred royalty expense of approximately $185,000, $384,000, $169,000 and $0, respectively. During the years ended September 30, 1997, 1998 and 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, we performed certain development activities for USU in exchange for development fees of $0, $83,000, $280,000 and $0, respectively. At September 30, 1998 and 1999 and at March 31, 2000, we had net accounts payable to USU of approximately $240,000, $90,000 and $0, respectively. Certain Relationships MainControl, Ltd. obtained from the Office of the Chief Scientist, an agency of the Israeli Government, funds which were used to develop Enterprise Explorer and Software Jet software through March 31, 1996. MainControl, Ltd. is obligated to pay royalties to the Office of the Chief Scientist for worldwide sales and maintenance fees related to MainControl, Ltd. software developed using the Office of the Chief Scientist funding. Generally, royalties must be paid for product sales at varying rates, calculated as a percentage of sales price. For 59 example, during the first three years after repayment begins, royalties are 3% to 4%; from the fourth year to the sixth year, 4% to 5%; and from the seventh year, 5% to 6%. Royalty obligations begin on the first sale and continue up to the amount of the grant received. Under applicable Israeli laws and regulations, the "know-how" related to this software may not be transferred out of MainControl, Ltd. or Israel without approval. We have applied to the Office of the Chief Scientist for transfer of manufacturing rights from MainControl, Ltd. to the U.S. parent company. An approved transfer abroad of manufacturing rights will result in an increased royalty ceiling based on the amount of manufacturing activities transferred. When 90% or more is transferred outside of Israel, as we have applied for, then the royalty ceiling is increased to 300% of the grant received; if 50% or more is transferred, the royalty ceiling is increased to 150%; and for up to 50% transferred, the royalty ceiling is increased to 120%. 60 PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of the shares of our common stock as of June 15, 2000 and reflects the sale of the shares of common stock in this offering by: . each stockholder known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock; . each of our directors; . each of our executive officers listed in the Summary Compensation Table above; and . all of our directors and executive officers as a group. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In computing the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by an organization or individual and the percentage ownership of that organization or individual, shares of common stock subject to options or warrants held by that organization or individual which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of June 15, 2000 are deemed outstanding. Such shares of common stock, however, are not deemed outstanding for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other organization or individual. This table lists ownership based on 23,526,517 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 15, 2000, assuming the conversion of our convertible preferred stock into 15,550,298 shares of common stock. The percentage beneficially owned after the offering reflects the sale of shares of common stock in this offering. Unless otherwise indicated, each person has sole voting and sole investment power with respect to the shares of common stock listed. In the event the over-allotment option is exercised, the selling stockholders may sell some of their shares of common stock and therefore own fewer shares of common stock after the offering than indicated in the table below. Percentage of Shares Number of Beneficially Shares Beneficially Owned Owned ------------------------- ----------------- Before After Name of Beneficial Owner Number Offering Offering - ------------------------ ------------------------- -------- -------- Evergreen Canada Israel Management Ltd. 96 Rothschild Blvd., Tel Aviv 65224, Israel (1)................. 1,335,796 5.68% Private Equity Bridge Invest Ltd. P.O. Box 30846 SMB, The Grand Pavillion Commercial Center, West Bay Road, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, B.W.I. (2)........................ 1,289,209 5.48% JAFCO America Ventures, Inc. 505 Hamilton Ave., Suite 310, Palo Alto, CA 90301 (3)................ 1,179,241 5.01% Sevin Rosen Fund V L.P. Two Galleria Tower, 13455 Noel Road, Suite 1670, Dallas, TX 75240 (4)............................... 2,540,010 10.77% SVM Star Ventures Management GmbH Nr. 3 Possartstr 9, D-81679 Munchen, Germany (5)....................... 3,150,951 13.36% Formula Ventures L.P. 39 Hagalim Boulevard, P.O. Box 2062, Herzliya, Israel 46120 (6).. 2,501,802 10.63% Charles River Partnership VII, L.P. 1000 Winter Street, Suite 3300, Waltham, MA 02154 (7)............. 2,166,078 9.21% Alex Pinchev (8)................... 1,931,541 8.21% David J. Piper..................... 200,000 * * John de Wit (9).................... 97,917 * * Zack Margolis...................... 200,000 * * Yair Granek........................ 200,000 * * Dieter Riffel (10)................. 1,110,231 4.72% Meir Barel (11).................... 3,150,951 13.36% Jon Bayless (12)................... 2,540,010 10.77% J. Carter Beese.................... 60,000 * * John Burton........................ 60,000 * * Dennis J. Gorman................... 163,298 * * Carl H. Hahn....................... 60,000 * * All executive officers and directors as a group (18 persons).......................... 10,895,135 43.60% - -------- * Less than 1% of outstanding shares of common stock. 61 (1) Includes: (a) 22,144 shares of common stock owned by Evergreen Canada Israel Management Ltd.; (b) 525,230 shares of common stock owned by Evergreen Partners U.S. Direct Fund III, L.P.; (c) 58,359 shares of common stock owned by EPF3 (Overseas) Ltd.; (d) 197,491 shares of common stock owned by First Union Financial Co. Ltd.; (e) 205,485 shares of common stock owned by IJT Technologies Ltd.; (f) 66,725 shares of common stock owned by AB Shaked Lavan Ltd.; and (g) 260,362 shares of common stock owned by Periscope I Fund L.P. All are part of an affiliated group of investment entities. Mssrs. Ofer Ne'eman, George Horesh and Moti Hoss have voting and dispositive power over the shares held by these entities. (2) Mr. Clive Munyard has voting and dispositive power over the shares held by this entity. (3) Includes: (a) 36,558 shares of common stock owned by JAFCO America Ventures, Inc.; (b) 26,410 shares of common stock owned by JAFCO Co., Ltd.; (c) 943,394 shares of common stock owned by U.S. Information Technology No. 2 Investment Enterprise Partnership; (d) 48,700 shares of common stock owned by JAFCO G-6(A) Investment Enterprise Partnership; (e) 48,700 shares of common stock owned by JAFCO G-6(B) Investment Enterprise Partnership; (f) 43,012 shares of common stock owned by JAFCO R-3 Investment Enterprise Partnership; (g) 25,806 shares of common stock owned by JAFCO JS-2 Investment Enterprise Partnership; and (h) 6,661 shares of common stock owned by JAFCO JS-3 Investment Enterprise Partnership. All are part of an affiliated group of investment entities. Mr. Barry J. Schiffman has voting and dispositive power over the shares held by these entities. (4) Includes: (a) 2,369,606 shares of common stock owned by Sevin Rosen Fund V L.P.; (b) 101,304 shares of common stock owned by Sevin Rosen V Affiliates Fund L.P.; and (c) 9,100 shares of common stock owned by Sevin Rosen Bayless Management Company. All are part of an affiliated group of investment entities. In addition, includes 60,000 stock options owned by Dr. Bayless. All of the shares of common stock indicated are owned of record by Seven Rosen Fund V L.P., Sevin Rosen V Affiliates Fund L.P. and Sevin Rosen Bayless Management Company. Dr. Bayless is a director of MainControl and disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares of common stock held by such entities except to the extent of his proportionate interest therein. Dr. Bayless has voting and dispositive power over the shares held by these entities. (5) Includes: (a) 480,963 shares of common stock owned by SVM STAR Ventures Management GmbH Nr. 3; (b) 178,700 shares of common stock owned by JUSTY LTD.; (c) 182,756 shares of common stock owned by Star Management of Investments (1993) Limited Partnership; (d) 601,456 shares of common stock owned by SVE Star Ventures Enterprises No. III GbR; (e) 50,233 shares of common stock owned by SVE Star Ventures Enterprises No. IIIA GbR; (f) 264,631 shares of common stock owned by SVM STAR Ventures Managementgesellschaft mbH Nr. 3 & Co. Beteiligungs KG; (g) 542,245 shares of common stock owned by SVE STAR Ventures Enterprises No. V GbR; and (h) 789,967 shares of common stock owned by Star Growth Enterprise. All are part of an affiliated group of investment entities. In addition, includes 60,000 stock options owned by Dr. Barel. All of the shares of common stock indicated are owned of record by SVM STAR Ventures Management GmbH Nr. 3, JUSTY LTD., Star Management of Investments (1993) Limited Partnership, SVE Star Ventures Enterprises No. III GbR, SVE Star Ventures Enterprises No. IIIA GbR, SVM STAR Ventures Managementagesellschaft mbH Nr. 3 & Co. Beteiligungs KG, SVE STAR Ventures Enterprises No. V GbR, and Star Growth Enterprise. Dr. Barel, who is affiliated with these entities, is one of our directors and disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares of common stock held by such entities except to the extent of his proportionate interest therein. Dr. Barel has voting and dispositive power over the shares held by these entities. (6) Includes: (a) 991,791 shares of common stock owned by Formula Ventures L.P.; (b) 432,302 shares of common stock owned by Formula Ventures (Israel) L.P.; (c) 429,708 shares of common stock owned by FV-PEH L.P.; (d) 408,000 shares of common stock owned by Dan Goldstein; (e) 168,000 shares of common stock owned by Gad Goldstein; and (f) 72,000 shares of common stock owned by Shem Basum Ltd. These entities are part of an affiliated group of investment entities and the individuals are affiliated with those entities. Mssrs. Shai Beilis and Reuben Ben-Arie have joint voting and dispositive power over the shares held by these entities. (7) Mr. Michael Zak has voting and dispositive power over the shares held by this entity. (8) Mr. Pinchev is the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President of MainControl. Includes: (a) 1,731,541 shares of common stock owned by Mr. Pinchev; (b) 100,000 shares of common stock held by Mr. Pinchev as custodian for his daughter under the Virginia Uniform Gifts to Minors Act; and (c) 100,000 shares of common stock held by Mr. Pinchev as custodian for his son under the Virginia Uniform Gifts to Minors Act. Plethora is an affiliate of Interchip in which Mr. Pinchev has an ownership interest. Mr. Pinchev disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares of common stock not held by him personally. 62 (9) As of January 31, 2000, John de Wit ceased to be an executive officer of MainControl. (10) Mr. Riffel is a director of MainControl. Includes: (a) 910,231 shares of common stock owned by Mr. Riffel; and (b) 200,000 shares of common stock owned by Mr. Riffel's son. Mr. Riffel disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares of common stock owned by his son. (11) Dr. Barel is a director of MainControl. Also included are shares of common stock beneficially owned by Star Ventures entities with which Dr. Barel is affiliated. Dr. Barel disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares of common stock except to the extent of his proportionate interest therein. (12) Dr. Bayless is a director of MainControl. Also included are shares of common stock beneficially owned by Sevin Rosen entities with which Dr. Bayless is affiliated. Dr. Bayless disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares of common stock except to the extent of his proportionate interest therein. 63 DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK The following description of our securities summarizes certain provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and our bylaws. Our authorized capital stock currently consists of 30,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value common stock and 20,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value preferred stock. Common Stock Based upon the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2000 and giving effect to the issuance of the shares of common stock in this offering (assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option) and the conversion of all of our outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock into 15,550,298 shares of common stock, there will be shares of common stock outstanding upon the consummation of this offering. If the offering price is less than $9.00 per share, an additional 632,419 shares of common stock will be outstanding. In addition, as of March 31, 2000, there were outstanding stock options to purchase an aggregate of 2,479,761 shares of common stock and there were 1,956,007 options available for grant. During the period from April 1, 2000 to June 15, 2000, an additional 253,335 stock options were granted. Except as described below under "Anti-takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and our Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws," holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, and do not have cumulative voting rights. Holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefore subject to any preferential dividend rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of MainControl, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably the net assets of MainControl available after the payment of all debts and other liabilities of MainControl, subject to the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights, nor are they entitled to the benefit of any sinking fund. The outstanding shares of common stock are, and the shares offered by us in this offering will be, when issued and paid for, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. The rights, powers, preferences and privileges of holders of shares are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of common stock of any series of preferred stock which we may designate and issue in the future. Preferred Stock All of the outstanding shares of our Series A preferred stock, Series B preferred stock, Series C preferred stock and Series D preferred stock will convert into 6,300,000, 2,688,171, 3,056,646 and 3,505,481 shares of common stock, respectively. If the offering price is less than $9.00 per share, an additional 632,419 shares will be issued to the Series C preferred stockholders. Registration Rights Beginning on the earlier of January 2003 or one year after the closing of an initial public offering, the holders of our preferred stock immediately prior to the closing of this offering (which will convert into common stock upon consummation of this offering) or their transferees will have rights to cause us to register these shares under the Securities Act of 1933. We may be required to effect up to two demand registrations, at our expense. We will not be required to effect a demand registration if the anticipated aggregate offering price net of commissions, if any, or discounts of the shares to be registered are expected to be less than $20.0 million. In addition, the holders of these shares will have the right to cause us to register these shares, at our expense, on a Form S-3, provided that we are eligible to use this form. We may also be required to effect up to six "piggy-back" registrations. We will not be required to effect a "piggy-back" registration if the aggregate price of the shares to be registered are expected to be less than $1.0 million. If we propose to register any of our securities under 64 the Securities Act, either for our own account or for the account of other security holders, other than in connection with an employee stock benefit plan or certain business combinations involving us, these holders will be entitled to notice of the registration and will be entitled to include, at our expense, some or all of their shares of common stock. All of these registration rights will terminate on the earlier of the fifth anniversary of the closing of this offering or when a holder is able to sell all of its shares pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act in any 90-day period. These registration rights are subject to customary conditions and limitations, including the right of the underwriters of an offering to limit the number of shares included in any such registration. Anti-takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and our Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which, subject to various exceptions, prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder. This restriction applies unless: . the transaction is approved by the board of directors prior to the date the stockholder became an interested stockholder; . upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned by (a) persons who are directors and also officers and (b) employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine individually whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or . on or subsequent to the date the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder. Section 203 defines business combination to include: . any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; . any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder; . any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation in the interested stockholder, subject to various exceptions; . any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or . the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation. In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person who owns 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation, and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by the entity or person. In addition, certain provisions of the certificate and bylaws may be deemed to have an antitakeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders. 65 Transfer Agent and Registrar The Transfer Agent and Registrar for the common stock is Nasdaq National Market Listing We have applied for the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market, subject to official notice of issuance, under the symbol "MNCL." 66 SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE Prior to this offering, there has been no market for our common stock. Therefore, future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect market prices prevailing from time to time. Furthermore, because only a limited number of shares will be available for sale shortly after this offering due to existing contractual and legal restrictions on resale as described below, sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after the restrictions lapse could adversely affect the prevailing market price and our ability to raise equity capital in the future. Upon completion of this offering, we will have shares of common stock outstanding, assuming no exercise of options outstanding as of March 31, 2000. shares sold in this offering will be freely transferable without restriction or registration under the Securities Act, except for any shares purchased by one of our existing "affiliates," as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The remaining shares of common stock outstanding are "restricted shares" as defined in Rule 144. Restricted shares may be sold in the public market only if registered or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rules 144 or 701 of the Securities Act. Taking into account the contractual restrictions described in "Underwriting" and the provisions of Rules 144 and 701, additional shares will be available for sale in the public market as follows: . none of the restricted shares will be eligible for immediate sale on the date of the prospectus; and . the restricted shares will be eligible for sale upon expiration of lock-up agreements 180 days after the date of this prospectus subject to Rule 144 holding periods and manner of sale restrictions. Rule 144 In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, beginning 90 days after this offering, a person, or persons whose shares are aggregated, who owns shares that were purchased from us, or any affiliate, at least one year previously, is entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of 1% of our then-outstanding shares of common stock, which will be approximately shares immediately after this offering, or the average weekly trading volume of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice of the sale on Form 144. Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to manner of sale, provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us. Any person, or persons whose shares are aggregated, who is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who owns shares that are "restricted securities" under Rule 144 that were purchased from us, or any affiliate, at least two years previously, would be entitled to sell the shares under Rule 144 (k) without regard to the volume limitations, manner of sale provisions, public information requirements or notice requirements. Rule 701 Our employees, directors, officers, consultants or advisers who purchased common stock from us prior to the date we become subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, under written compensatory benefit plans or written contracts relating to the compensation of these persons may rely on Rule 701 with respect to the resale of that stock. Rule 701 also will apply to stock options we granted before we became subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, along with the shares acquired upon exercise of the options, including exercises after the date of this prospectus. Shares of common stock we issued in reliance on Rule 701 are restricted securities and, subject to the contractual restrictions described above, beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, persons other than affiliates may sell those shares subject only to the manner of sale provisions of Rule 144. Persons who are affiliates under Rule 144 may sell those shares without compliance with its minimum holding period requirements. 67 UNDERWRITING We intend to offer the shares of common stock through a number of underwriters. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Banc of America Securities LLC and Dain Rauscher Incorporated are acting as representatives of the underwriters named below. Subject to the terms and conditions described in a purchase agreement among us, the selling stockholders and the underwriters, we and the selling stockholders have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and the underwriters severally have agreed to purchase from us and the selling stockholders, the number of shares of common stock listed opposite their names below. Underwriter Number of Shares ----------- ---------------- Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated......................................... Banc of America Securities LLC............................ Dain Rauscher Incorporated................................ Total................................................ The underwriters have agreed to purchase all of the shares of common stock sold under the purchase agreement if any of these shares of common stock are purchased. If an underwriter defaults, the purchase agreement provides that the purchase commitments of the non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or the purchase agreement may be terminated. We and the selling stockholders have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities. The underwriters are offering the shares of common stock, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval of legal matters by their counsel, including the validity of the shares of common stock, and other conditions contained in the purchase agreement, such as the receipt by the underwriters of officer's certificates and legal opinions. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part. Commissions and Discounts The representatives have advised us and the selling stockholders that the underwriters propose initially to offer the shares of common stock to the public at the initial public offering price on the cover page of this prospectus and to dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $ per share. The underwriters may allow, and the dealers may re-allow, a discount not in excess of $ per share to other dealers. After the initial public offering, the public offering price, concession and discount may be changed. The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds before expenses to MainControl and the selling stockholders. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option. Per Share Without Option With Option --------- -------------- ----------- Public offering price............... $ $ $ Underwriting discount............... $ $ $ Proceeds, before expenses, to MainControl........................ $ $ $ Proceeds, before expenses, to the selling stockholders............... $ $ $ 68 The expenses of the offering, not including the underwriting discount, are estimated at $ and are payable by MainControl. The selling stockholders will pay their out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the offering. Over-allotment Option We and the selling stockholders have granted an option to the underwriters to purchase up to additional shares of common stock at the public offering price less the underwriting discount. The underwriters may exercise this option for 30 days from the date of this prospectus solely to cover any over-allotments. If the underwriters exercise this option, each will be obligated, subject to conditions contained in the purchase agreements, to purchase a number of additional shares of common stock proportionate to that underwriter's initial amount reflected in the above table. Reserved Shares At our request, the underwriters have reserved for sale, at the initial public offering price, up to shares of common stock offered by this prospectus for the sale to some of our directors, officers, employees, distributors, dealers, business associates and related persons. If these persons purchase reserved shares of common stock, this will reduce the number of shares of common stock available for sale to the general public. Any reserved shares of common stock that are not orally confirmed for purchase within one day of the pricing of this offering will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same terms as the other shares of common stock offered by this prospectus. No Sales of Similar Securities We, our executive officers and directors, the selling stockholders and certain other existing stockholders have agreed, with certain exceptions, not to sell or transfer any common stock for 180 days after the date of this prospectus without first obtaining the written consent of Merrill Lynch. Specifically, we and these other individuals have agreed not to directly or indirectly: . offer, pledge, sell or contract to sell any common stock, . sell any option or contract to purchase any common stock, . purchase any option or contract to sell any common stock, . grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of any common stock, . lend or otherwise dispose of or transfer any common stock, . request or demand that we file a registration statement related to the common stock, or . enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic consequence of ownership of any common stock whether any such swap or transaction is to be settled by delivery of shares of common stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise. This lockup provision applies to common stock and to securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for or repayable with common stock. It also applies to common stock owned now or acquired later by the person executing the agreement or for which the person executing the agreement later acquires to power of disposition. Quotation on the Nasdaq National Market We expect the shares of common stock to be approved for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market, subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol "MNCL." 69 Before this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price will be determined through negotiations among us, the selling stockholders and the representatives. In addition to prevailing market conditions, the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price are: . the valuation multiples of publicly traded companies that the representatives believe to be comparable to us; . our financial information; . the history of, and the prospects for, our company and the industry in which we compete; . an assessment of our management, its past and present operations, and the prospects for, and timing of, our future revenue; . the present state of our development; and . the above factors in relation to market values and various valuation measures of other companies engaged in activities similar to ours. An active trading market for the shares may not develop. It is also possible that after the offering the shares will not trade in the public market at or above the initial public offering price. The underwriters do not expect to sell more than 5% of the shares of common stock in the aggregate to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority. Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids Until the distribution of the shares of common stock is completed, SEC rules may limit underwriters and selling group members from bidding for and purchasing our common stock. However, the representatives may engage in transactions that stabilize the price of the common stock, such as bids or purchases to peg, fix or maintain that price. If the underwriters create a short position in the common stock in connection with the offering, i.e., if they sell more shares of common stock than are listed on the cover of this prospectus, the representatives may reduce that short position by purchasing shares of common stock in the open market. The representatives may also elect to reduce any short position by exercising all or part of the over-allotment option described above. Purchases of the common stock to stabilize its price or to reduce a short position may cause the price of the common stock to be higher than it might be in the absence of such purchases. The representatives may also impose a penalty bid on underwriters and selling group members. This means that if the representatives purchase shares of common stock in the open market to reduce the underwriter's short position or to stabilize the price of such shares of common stock, they may reclaim the amount of the selling concession from the underwriters and selling group members who sold those shares of common stock. The imposition of a penalty bid may also affect the price of the shares of common stock in that it discourages resales of those shares of common stock. Neither we nor any of the underwriters makes any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the common stock. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters makes any representation that the representatives will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice. 70 LEGAL MATTERS The validity of the shares of common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Shearman & Sterling, Washington, D.C. Certain legal matters relating to the offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Willkie Farr & Gallagher, New York, New York. EXPERTS The consolidated financial statements of MainControl, Inc. as of September 30, 1998 and 1999, and for the years ended September 30, 1997, 1998 and 1999, included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement on Form S-1 with respect to the common stock offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement or the exhibits and schedules which are part of the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and our common stock, see the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. Any document we file may be read and copied at the Commission's public reference room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., in Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information about the public reference room. Our filings with the Commission are available to the public from the Commission's Web site at http://www.sec.gov. Upon completion of this offering, we will become subject to the information and periodic reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act and, accordingly, will file annual reports containing consolidated financial statements audited by an independent public accounting firm, quarterly reports containing unaudited consolidated financial data, current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Commission. You will be able to inspect and copy such periodic reports, proxy statements and other information at the Commission's public reference room, and the Web site of the Commission referred to above. 71 MAINCONTROL, INC. INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page ---- Report of Independent Accountants........................................ F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 1998 and 1999 and March 31, 2000 (unaudited).................................................... F-3 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended September 30, 1997, 1998 and 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 1999 (unaudited) and 2000 (unaudited).................................................... F-4 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' (Deficit) Equity for the years ended September 30, 1997, 1998 and 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000 (unaudited)........................................ F-5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 1997, 1998 and 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 1999 (unaudited) and 2000 (unaudited).................................................... F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................... F-7 F-1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of MainControl, Inc. In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, of changes in stockholders' (deficit) equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of MainControl, Inc. and its subsidiaries at September 30, 1998 and 1999, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 1999 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States, which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP McLean, Virginia January 31, 2000 F-2 MAINCONTROL, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS September 30, Pro Forma at -------------------------- March 31, March 31, 1998 1999 2000 2000 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ (unaudited) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents........... $ 1,769,082 $ 6,424,786 $ 16,881,345 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0, $0 and $50,000.... 3,605,897 6,425,167 7,855,290 Other current assets... 978,905 749,119 1,220,209 ------------ ------------ ------------ Total current assets.............. 6,353,884 13,599,072 25,956,844 Fixed assets, net...... 953,875 1,475,684 2,197,523 Investment in joint venture............... -- 1,660,416 963,005 Other non-current assets................ 412,838 309,979 13,722 ------------ ------------ ------------ Total assets......... $ 7,720,597 $ 17,045,151 $ 29,131,094 ============ ============ ============ LIABILITIES, MANDATORILY REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable....... $ 807,570 $ 978,913 $ 1,014,992 Accrued payroll........ 1,022,826 2,171,197 1,800,308 Accrued expenses....... 474,248 1,068,485 874,750 Accrued royalties...... 175,272 399,374 475,657 Deferred revenue....... 1,277,467 916,050 2,002,871 Current portion of long-term debt........ -- 433,931 807,949 Other current liabilities........... 99,725 206,037 156,534 ------------ ------------ ------------ Total current liabilities......... 3,857,108 6,173,987 7,133,061 Non-current portion of long-term debt........ -- 799,377 1,178,851 Other non-current liabilities........... 179,634 43,643 5,866 ------------ ------------ ------------ Total liabilities.... 4,036,742 7,017,007 8,317,778 Commitments and contingencies (Note 13).................... -- -- -- ------------ ------------ ------------ Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock: Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 8,988,171, 12,677,236 and 16,182,717 (unaudited) shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; none authorized, issued and outstanding, pro forma................. 19,814,326 37,439,026 62,265,709 $ -- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Stockholders' (deficit) equity: Common stock, $0.001 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; 7,558,218, 7,957,029 and 7,955,565 (unaudited) shares issued and outstanding, actual; 23,505,863 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma................. 7,558 7,957 7,956 23,506 Additional paid-in capital............... -- -- -- 62,250,159 Deferred stock-based compensation.......... (1,234,316) (1,351,728) (1,285,708) (1,285,708) Accumulated deficit.... (14,913,804) (26,031,300) (40,102,379) (40,102,379) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)................ 10,091 (35,811) (72,262) (72,262) ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Total stockholders' (deficit) equity.... (16,130,471) (27,410,882) (41,452,393) $ 20,813,316 ------------ ------------ ------------ ============ Total liabilities, mandatorily redeemable preferred stock and stockholders' (deficit) equity.... $ 7,720,597 $ 17,045,151 $ 29,131,094 ============ ============ ============ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-3 MAINCONTROL, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Six Months Ended Year Ended September 30, March 31, --------------------------------------- ------------------------- 1997 1998 1999 1999 2000 ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ (unaudited) Revenue: License................ $ 2,217,776 $ 5,464,894 $ 8,715,024 $ 3,004,270 $ 5,972,312 Maintenance............ 184,206 647,461 1,461,127 615,562 838,747 Professional services.............. 283,427 2,417,147 4,217,955 1,724,462 2,413,583 Joint venture development fees ..... -- -- 1,109,170 243,000 923,330 ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Total revenue........ 2,685,409 8,529,502 15,503,276 5,587,294 10,147,972 ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Cost of revenue: License, exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $0, $0, $17,324, $8,608 (unaudited), and $3,863 (unaudited).... 1,013,499 1,752,434 2,443,772 1,132,742 1,256,991 Maintenance, exclusive of non-cash stock- based compensation of $0, $951, $2,361, $1,173 (unaudited) and $1,773 (unaudited)........... 334,414 667,784 1,104,080 492,033 555,535 Professional services, exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $0, $632, $7,779, $3,866 (unaudited) and $6,782 (unaudited).... 164,051 1,683,410 1,958,237 808,381 991,659 ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Total cost of revenue............. 1,511,964 4,103,628 5,506,089 2,433,156 2,804,185 ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Gross profit............ 1,173,445 4,425,874 9,997,187 3,154,138 7,343,787 ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Operating expenses: Research and development, exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $81,754, $34,501, $177,540, $88,226 (unaudited) and $69,895 (unaudited)... 2,503,290 3,586,088 6,025,657 2,826,501 4,829,397 Sales and marketing, exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $120,996, $53,787, $142,630, $70,878 (unaudited) and $107,326 (unaudited)........... 2,139,350 6,085,351 9,023,321 3,936,444 6,964,496 General and administrative, exclusive of non-cash stock-based compensation of $13,081, $30,129, $94,825, $47,122 (unaudited) and $45,342 (unaudited)... 1,331,251 1,630,551 4,173,958 1,155,728 1,854,523 Non-cash stock-based compensation.......... 215,831 120,000 442,459 219,873 234,981 ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Total operating expenses............ 6,189,722 11,421,990 19,665,395 8,138,546 13,883,397 ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Operating loss.......... (5,016,277) (6,996,116) (9,668,208) (4,984,408) (6,539,610) Interest Income........ 144,704 296,821 263,288 112,713 204,925 Interest Expense....... -- -- (15,486) -- (85,182) ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Loss before income taxes and equity in loss of joint venture.......... (4,871,573) (6,699,295) (9,420,406) (4,871,695) (6,419,867) Provision for income taxes................. -- -- -- -- -- Equity in loss of joint venture......... -- -- (1,053,455) (379,043) (697,411) ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Net loss................ (4,871,573) (6,699,295) (10,473,861) (5,250,738) (7,117,278) Accretion of redeemable preferred stock................. (278,519) (3,351,462) (3,682,750) (1,706,403) (7,135,414) ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Net loss available for common stockholders.... $(5,150,092) $(10,050,757) $(14,156,611) $(6,957,141) $(14,252,692) =========== ============ ============ =========== ============ Basic and diluted net loss per common share.. $ (0.86) $ (1.49) $ (1.89) $ (0.96) $ (1.79) =========== ============ ============ =========== ============ Weighted average number of common shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per common share........... 5,979,535 6,743,791 7,505,515 7,235,627 7,958,892 =========== ============ ============ =========== ============ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-4 MAINCONTROL, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY Accumulated Total Common Stock Additional Deferred Other Stockholders' ----------------- Paid-In Stock-Based Accumulated Comprehensive (Deficit) Shares Amount Capital Compensation Deficit Income (Loss) Equity --------- ------ ----------- ------------ ------------- ------------- ------------- Balance, September 30, 1996................... 5,800,000 $5,800 $ 1,245,265 $ -- $ (3,199,680) $ 7,616 $ (1,940,999) Exercise of stock options............... 942,281 942 93,286 -- -- -- 94,228 Deferred compensation related to stock option grants......... -- -- 432,477 (432,477) -- -- -- Non-cash stock-based compensation.......... -- -- -- 215,831 -- -- 215,831 Accretion of redeemable preferred stock....... -- -- (278,519) -- -- -- (278,519) Comprehensive loss: Net loss............... -- -- -- -- (4,871,573) -- Foreign currency translation........... -- -- -- -- -- (7,722) Total comprehensive loss.................. (4,879,295) --------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------- -------- ------------ Balance, September 30, 1997................... 6,742,281 6,742 1,492,509 (216,646) (8,071,253) (106) (6,788,754) Issuance of common stock................. 750,000 750 464,250 -- -- -- 465,000 Exercise of stock options............... 207,604 208 127,802 -- -- -- 128,010 Purchase of common stock subject to repurchase rights..... (141,667) (142) (14,025) -- -- -- (14,167) Deferred compensation related to stock option grants......... -- -- 1,137,670 (1,137,670) -- -- -- Non-cash stock-based compensation.......... -- -- -- 120,000 -- -- 120,000 Accretion of redeemable preferred stock....... -- -- (3,208,206) -- (143,256) -- (3,351,462) Comprehensive (loss) income: Net loss............... -- -- -- -- (6,699,295) -- Foreign currency translation........... -- -- -- -- -- 10,197 Total comprehensive loss.................. (6,689,098) --------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------- -------- ------------ Balance, September 30, 1998................... 7,558,218 7,558 -- (1,234,316) (14,913,804) 10,091 (16,130,471) Issuance of common stock on joint venture formation............. 50,000 50 2,110,950 -- -- -- 2,111,000 Exercise of stock options............... 364,561 365 370,893 -- -- -- 371,258 Purchase of common stock subject to repurchase rights..... (15,750) (16) (2,599) -- -- -- (2,615) Deferred compensation related to stock option grants......... -- -- 559,871 (559,871) -- -- -- Non-cash stock-based compensation.......... -- -- -- 442,459 -- -- 442,459 Accretion of redeemable preferred stock....... -- -- (3,039,115) -- (643,635) -- (3,682,750) Comprehensive loss: Net loss............... -- -- -- -- (10,473,861) -- Foreign currency translation........... -- -- -- -- -- (45,902) Total comprehensive loss.................. (10,519,763) --------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------- -------- ------------ Balance, September 30, 1999................... 7,957,029 7,957 -- (1,351,728) (26,031,300) (35,811) (27,410,882) Exercise of stock options (unaudited)... 49,786 50 -- -- 22,926 -- 22,976 Purchase of common stock subject to repurchase rights..... (51,250) (51) -- -- (10,274) -- (10,325) Deferred compensation related to stock option grants (unaudited)........... -- -- 168,961 (168,961) -- -- -- Non-cash stock-based compensation (unaudited)........... -- -- -- 234,981 -- -- 234,981 Accretion of redeemable preferred stock (unaudited)........... -- -- (168,961) -- (6,966,453) -- (7,135,414) Comprehensive loss: Net loss (unaudited)... -- -- -- -- (7,117,278) -- Foreign currency translation (unaudited)........... -- -- -- -- -- (36,451) Total comprehensive loss (unaudited)...... (7,153,729) --------- ------ ----------- ----------- ------------- -------- ------------ Balance, March 31, 2000 (unaudited)............ 7,955,565 $7,956 $ -- $(1,285,708) $(40,102,379) $(72,262) $(41,452,393) ========= ====== =========== =========== ============= ======== ============ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-5 MAINCONTROL, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Six months ended Year Ended September 30, March 31, -------------------------------------- ------------------------ 1997 1998 1999 1999 2000 ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- (unaudited) Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss.............. $(4,871,573) $(6,699,295) $(10,473,861) $(5,250,738) $(7,117,278) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation.......... 190,847 377,386 586,204 221,739 344,077 Bad Debt.............. -- -- -- -- 50,000 Non-cash stock-based compensation......... 215,831 120,000 442,459 219,873 234,981 Equity in loss of joint venture........ -- -- 1,053,455 379,043 697,411 Loss on sale of fixed assets............... -- 1,751 18,180 -- -- Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable.. (534,828) (2,969,392) (2,818,841) 499,123 (1,483,343) Other current assets.............. (112,797) (431,961) 224,864 102,512 (472,478) Other non-current assets.............. (2,564) (350,149) 96,003 1,863 296,257 Accounts payable..... (9,780) 586,322 175,445 (415,134) 37,213 Accrued payroll...... 301,689 523,287 1,165,385 344,145 (368,932) Accrued expenses..... 123,630 53,563 596,232 (36,537) (193,906) Accrued royalties.... 205,097 (24,879) 239,522 (30,934) 66,998 Deferred revenue..... 433,061 543,466 (361,417) (219,491) 1,086,821 Other current liabilities......... 8,671 78,760 108,696 46,316 (50,046) Other non-current liabilities......... 23,699 69,384 (121,962) (9,213) (39,357) ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- Net cash used in operating activities......... (4,029,017) (8,121,757) (9,069,636) (4,147,433) (6,911,582) ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of fixed assets............... (445,596) (574,941) (1,181,712) (407,179) (1,068,017) Investment in joint venture.............. -- -- (602,871) (602,871) -- Proceeds from sale of fixed assets......... -- 2,754 33,354 -- -- Restricted cash....... -- 182,000 -- -- -- ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- Net cash used in investing activities......... (445,596) (390,187) (1,751,229) (1,010,050) (1,068,017) ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from long- term debt............ -- -- 1,250,429 -- 989,553 Repayment of long-term debt................. -- -- (17,121) -- (236,061) Net proceeds from sale of common stock and exercise of stock options.............. 94,228 593,010 371,258 3,199 22,976 Purchase of stock subject to repurchase rights............... -- (14,167) (2,615) (854) (10,325) Net proceeds from sale of Series B preferred stock................ 7,717,219 2,229,659 -- -- -- Net proceeds from sale of Series C preferred stock................ -- -- 13,941,950 9,654,826 -- Net proceeds from sale of Series D preferred stock................ -- -- -- -- 17,691,269 ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- Net cash provided by financing activities......... 7,811,447 2,808,502 15,543,901 9,657,171 18,457,412 ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- Effect of exchange rate changes on cash....... 2,352 (12,153) (67,332) (30,179) (21,254) ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents........... 3,339,186 (5,715,595) 4,655,704 4,469,509 10,456,559 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period............. 4,145,491 7,484,677 1,769,082 1,769,082 6,424,786 ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of period................ $ 7,484,677 $ 1,769,082 $ 6,424,786 $ 6,238,591 $16,881,345 =========== =========== ============ =========== =========== Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: Investment in joint venture (Note 4)..... $ -- $ -- $ 2,111,000 $ 2,111,000 $ -- =========== =========== ============ =========== =========== Accretion of redeemable preferred stock (Note 6)....... $ 278,519 $ 3,351,462 $ 3,682,750 $(1,706,403) $ 7,135,414 =========== =========== ============ =========== =========== The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. F-6 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. The Company MainControl, Inc. (the Company or MainControl), a Delaware corporation, provides e-infrastructure management software and services that enable organizations to manage their e-infrastructure. E-infrastructure includes traditional technology assets of an organization, such as desktop and laptop computers, servers, software, network equipment, telecommunications equipment and mobile devices, as well as technology assets such as web servers, Internet security software and e-commerce software. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements, which were prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP), include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and are presented in U.S. dollars. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company accounts for its joint venture investment under the equity method of accounting (Note 4). MainControl Ltd. (MCL), a wholly-owned subsidiary organized under the laws of Israel, performs certain of the Company's research and development activities (Note 13). MainControl Ltd. (MCUK), a wholly-owned subsidiary organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, sells the Company's software in the United Kingdom and manages the Company's European and Middle East distribution channels. MainControl GmbH (MCDE), a wholly-owned German subsidiary organized under the laws of Germany, was formed in June 1999 and is not yet operational. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Position (SoP) No. 97-2, "Software Revenue Recognition," as amended by SoP 98-4, "Deferral of the Effective Date of a Provision of SoP 97- 2," and SoP 98-9, "Modification of SoP 97-2, with Respect to Certain Transactions." The Company generates revenue from licenses and sublicenses, software development, maintenance and post contract customer support and professional services. Revenue from licenses is recognized upon delivery, provided that the fee is fixed and determinable, an arrangement exists, no significant obligations remain and collection of the resulting receivable is probable. Sublicense fees from software sales through distributors, resellers and original equipment manufacturers are recorded as revenue when the related software is delivered to the end-user. Revenue from non-refundable guaranteed minimum license payments for which a product master has been delivered is recognized in the earliest of the period received or the period in which the contracted minimum number of licenses are delivered to end-users. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if acceptance is uncertain, revenue recognition is deferred until customer acceptance is achieved, which generally occurs upon product delivery. Revenue from the Company's development contract with its joint venture, ValueSolution, is recognized as work is performed under a time and materials arrangement whereby development fees are billed based on pre-established rates subject to a maximum total fee based on certain percentages of the joint venture's annual F-7 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) sales (see Note 4). Revenue from all other software development contracts involving significant production, modification or customization of software is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method, based on the relationship of costs incurred to the total estimated costs of the project. Maintenance and post contract customer support revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the support period. Professional services revenue, which consists primarily of training and consulting, is recognized as work is performed. For contracts with multiple elements, including licenses, maintenance and post contract customer support and services, the fair value of maintenance and post contract customer support, based on contractual renewal rates, is recorded as deferred revenue and is recognized ratably over the term of the respective agreement. The fair value of services, based on our standard hourly billing rates when services are sold separately, is deferred and recognized over the period that the services are performed. The Company does not provide for specific upgrades on new software products. Under distribution agreements between the Company and its distributors, MainControl is generally entitled to royalties calculated as 50% of the sales price of license and maintenance revenues to end-users. In instances where the Company provides substantial sales and customer support to a distributor, the related revenue is presented on a gross basis in the Company's statement of operations, with the proceeds from the sale retained by the distributor presented as a distributor commission in the Company's cost of revenue. The amount of distributor commissions related to license and maintenance, which is included in cost of revenue for fiscal years 1997, 1998 and 1999 was approximately $873,000, $1,420,000 and $1,369,000, respectively. Deferred revenue relates primarily to maintenance, professional services and licenses and is recorded when customer payments are received in advance of the performance of the related maintenance or service or in advance of delivery of the license. This revenue is recognized as the services are performed, generally within one year, or upon delivery of the license. Software Development Costs The Company has charged all costs for the development and enhancement of its software products to research and development expense as incurred. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed", requires capitalization of certain software development costs incurred subsequent to technological feasibility and prior to general release of the software. Based upon the Company's development process, technological feasibility is established upon completion of a working model. The period between technological feasibility and general release is relatively short and the costs incurred during this period have been insignificant for capitalization. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from the recorded estimates. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market accounts with commercial banks. F-8 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of temporary cash investments and accounts receivable. The Company restricts placement of investments to financial institutions evaluated as highly creditworthy. Substantially all of the Company's receivables are from well-established companies. The Company considers its accounts receivable to be fully collectible. During fiscal years 1997, 1998 and 1999 the Company recorded no bad debt expense, and during the six months ended March 31, 2000, the Company recorded $50,000 (unaudited) in bad debt expense. There were no write-offs of accounts receivable during these same periods. Revenues and receivables were concentrated with the following customers (amounts represent percentage of total revenue and accounts receivable, respectively): Revenue ------------------------------- Six Months Year Ended Ended September 30, March 31, ---------------- ------------- 1997 1998 1999 1999 2000 ---- ---- ---- ----- ----- (unaudited) Customer A................................. 47% 18% * * * Customer B................................. 23 * * * * Customer C................................. 22 * * * * Customer D................................. * 33 15% 10% * Customer E................................. * 12 13 24 * Customer F................................. * 11 * * * Customer G................................. * * 12 * * Customer H................................. * * * * 20% Customer I................................. * * * * 11 -------- *Represents less than 10% of total. Accounts Receivable --------------------------------- at September 30, at ---------------- March 31, 1997 1998 1999 2000 ---- ---- ---- ----------- (unaudited) Customer A.................................. 22% 21% * * Customer B.................................. 48 * * * Customer C.................................. 18 * * * Customer D.................................. * 24 23% 17% Customer E.................................. * 14 * * Customer F.................................. * * * * Customer G.................................. * * 32 11 Customer H.................................. * * * 27 Customer I.................................. * * * 15 -------- *Represents less than 10% of total. F-9 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the relatively short maturity of those instruments. The carrying amount of long-term debt approximates fair value because the interest rates on these instruments change with market interest rates. The carrying amount of Series B and Series C preferred stock outstanding approximates fair value. The estimated fair value of Series A preferred stock outstanding at September 30, 1999 was $23.9 million (Note 6). Fixed Assets Fixed assets are stated at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to five years for computers and equipment, five to seven years for furniture and equipment, the shorter of five years or the term of the underlying lease for leasehold improvements and seven years for automobiles. The Company periodically reviews fixed assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered. No such impairment has been identified to date. Translation of Foreign Currencies The functional currencies of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are the local currencies. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars, the reporting currency, at current exchange rates as of the respective balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rates prevailing during the reporting period. Cumulative translation gains and losses are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity (deficit). Receivables Denominated in Foreign Currencies At September 30, 1998 and 1999, the Company had approximately $1,216,000 and $306,000, respectively, of receivables denominated in foreign currencies. The net gain or loss on foreign currency remeasurement and exchange rate changes for fiscal years 1997, 1998 and 1999 was approximately $142,000, $6,000 and $90,000, respectively. Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Stock The Company carries its mandatorily redeemable preferred stock at original issue price with periodic adjustments to accrete the carrying value to its redemption value by the earliest possible date of stockholder initiated redemption (Note 6). Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common and potential common shares outstanding during the period, except if anti-dilutive. Potential common shares used in the diluted earnings per share calculation consist of (i) the incremental common shares issuable upon conversion of the mandatorily redeemable preferred stock (using the if-converted method) and (ii) shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants (using the treasury stock method). Non-Cash Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for non-cash stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (APB 25), "Accounting for Stock Issued to F-10 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Employees", and related interpretations. Under APB 25, compensation cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the market price of the Company's common stock at the date of grant over the exercise price of the option granted. Compensation cost for stock options, if any, is recognized over the vesting period. The Company provides additional pro forma disclosures as required under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (SFAS 123), "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" (Note 7). Income Taxes The Company provides for income taxes using an asset and liability approach. The asset and liability approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of the assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is recorded if, based on the evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Comprehensive Income In 1999, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income", which establishes standards for reporting and disclosure of comprehensive income and its components (revenues, expenses, gains and losses). In accordance with the requirements of this statement, financial statements of earlier periods have been reclassified for comparative purposes. Reclassifications Certain prior period information has been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. New Accounting Pronouncements In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 (SFAS 133), "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." SFAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. SFAS 133, as amended by SFAS 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133, an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133," is effective for all fiscal quarters of the Company's fiscal year ending September 30, 2001. The Company currently does not engage or plan to engage in the use of derivative instruments. Regarding embedded derivatives, the Company does not expect SFAS 133 to have a material impact. The SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 101 (SAB 101) in December 1999. SAB 101 provides guidance on the recognition and disclosure of revenue in financial statements. Provided the registrant's former policy was not an improper application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), registrants may adopt a change in accounting principle to comply with the SAB no later than the first quarter of the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 1999. The Company has assessed that its current revenue recognition policies are in accordance with GAAP. In March 2000, the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) issued Issue No. 00-3 (EITF 00-3), "Application of AICPA Statement of Position 97-2 to Arrangements That Include the Right to Use Software Stored on Another Entity's Hardware." EITF 00-3 provides that a software element covered by SoP 97-2 is only present in a hosting arrangement if the customer has the contractual right to take possession of the software at anytime during the hosting period without significant penalty and it is feasible for the customer to either run the software on its own hardware or contract with another party unrelated to the vendor to host the software. The Company recently introduced its software on a hosted, subscription basis. The Company has had no revenue from its subscription service. The Company has evaluated EITF 00-3 and believes that SoP 97-2 will not apply to its planned subscription service and expects revenue from subscription services to be recognized ratably over the related subscription period. F-11 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Pro Forma Balance Sheet (Unaudited) The accompanying unaudited pro forma balance sheet data at March 31, 2000 reflects (a) the issuance of 3,505,481 shares of Series D preferred stock at a price of $5.0635 per share in January 2000 and (b) the conversion of the Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D redeemable preferred stock into 15,550,298 shares of common stock upon closing of the Company's initial public offering, assuming an offering price of at least $9.00 per share (Note 6). If the offering price is less than $9.00 per share, an additional 632,419 shares of common stock will be issued to the Series C stockholders. 3. Fixed Assets Fixed assets consist of the following amounts at: September 30, ---------------------- 1998 1999 ---------- ---------- Computer equipment................................ $ 917,162 $1,525,791 Office furniture and equipment.................... 408,038 643,199 Leasehold improvements............................ 41,964 45,834 Automobiles and other............................. 123,419 25,707 ---------- ---------- 1,490,583 2,240,531 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization... (536,708) (764,847) ---------- ---------- $ 953,875 $1,475,684 ========== ========== 4. Joint Venture In December 1998, the Company consummated the formation of a joint venture, ValueSolution GmbH & Co. KG (ValueSolution), a limited partnership organized under the laws of Germany, for the purpose of developing, enhancing and marketing information technology asset management software. ValueSolution's primary asset is software contributed by the joint venture partner, USU Softwarehaus Unternehmensberatung AG ("USU"). The Company purchased from USU a 50% interest, with a two-vote majority in the joint venture, for approximately $603,000. Additionally, in August 1998 the Company issued 750,000 shares of common stock for $465,000 to USU. These shares were subject to repurchase until ValueSolution was formed in December 1998 (Note 8). In addition, in April 1999 the Company issued 50,000 shares of common stock to a consultant in exchange for services performed in connection with the establishment of the joint venture. The carrying amount of the joint venture investment was determined as the total of the net cash consideration paid, plus an amount for the total shares issued related to the investment at an estimated market price of the Company's common stock as follows: 800,000 shares of common stock............................... $2,576,000 Less cash received for common stock.......................... (465,000) ---------- Total value of common stock contributed...................... 2,111,000 Cash payment................................................. 603,000 ---------- Total consideration paid..................................... 2,714,000 50% interest in cash contributed by USU...................... (30,000) ---------- Difference between cost and net assets in joint venture on date of acquistion.......................................... $2,684,000 ========== F-12 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The difference of approximately $2,684,000 between the carrying amount of the joint venture investment and the Company's underlying equity in net assets of the joint venture was assigned to software and is being amortized over the estimated software life of approximately two years. Amortization of approximately $1,150,000 and $767,000 (unaudited) of this difference is included in equity in loss of the joint venture for fiscal year 1999 and for the six months ended March 31, 2000, respectively. Under the terms of the joint venture agreement, certain matters and key decisions such as operating decisions and appointment and removal of managing directors require the consent of all partners, thus eliminating the Company's ability to exercise control over matters other than the development and enhancement of the software contributed to the joint venture by USU. The Company accounts for its interest in the joint venture in accordance with the equity method of accounting. The Company and USU maintain exclusive software distribution rights in exchange for royalty payments to the joint venture equal to 30% of net software sales and maintenance fees. Additionally, the Company provides software development support to the joint venture in exchange for monthly software development fee payments from the joint venture based on pre-established rates under a time and materials arrangement. Software development expense in support of the joint venture's software development is recorded as research and development expense in the period incurred. Payments to the Company from the joint venture for software development are limited to certain percentages of the joint venture's annual sales, which are comprised solely of royalties. However, the Company is not limited in performing software development activities in support of the joint venture's software and may incur expenses in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture. To the extent that future joint venture annual sales are available, costs incurred in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture because of contractual payment limitations will be paid in subsequent periods. Additionally, as the Company maintains distribution rights to the joint venture's software, the Company recovers research and development expenses incurred in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture through revenues generated by sales of the joint venture's software. During fiscal year 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, the Company recognized approximately $1,109,000 and $923,000 (unaudited) in software development revenue in connection with joint venture software development activities. During fiscal year 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, the Company incurred approximately $548,000 and $1,085,000 in research and development expenses in excess of amounts paid by the joint venture. Additionally, during fiscal 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, the Company incurred approximately $778,000 and $836,000 (unaudited) in royalty expense payable to the joint venture in connection with software sales. (See Note 12). 5. Debt Financing During April 1999, the Company entered into a debt agreement in the form of a $2,000,000 revolving line of credit, a $1,000,000 equipment term loan and a $565,000 note payable (collectively, the Debt Agreement). Debt obligations are collateralized by the Company's assets. Borrowings under the revolving line of credit are limited to a borrowing base equal to eighty percent of eligible accounts receivable, as defined in the agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, as amended, the Company is restricted from paying any dividends or making any other distributions in relation to the Company's capital and the Company is required to maintain a quick ratio of at least 1.5 to 1.0, tangible net worth of at least $6,000,000, quarterly net loss levels exclusive of non- cash charges not to exceed $3,200,000, $3,000,000, $2,800,000 and $250,000 for the quarters ended and ending December 31, 1999, March 31, 2000, June 30, 2000, and September 30, 2000, respectively, and quarterly net income exclusive of non-cash charges not less that $1,000,000 thereafter. Interest on the outstanding equipment term loan and note payable accrues at the bank's prime rate plus 1% and is payable monthly. Interest on amounts outstanding under the revolving line of credit accrues at the bank's prime rate plus .5% and is payable monthly. At September 30, 1999, the bank's prime rate was 8.25%. F-13 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Amounts outstanding under the Debt Agreement consist of the following at: September 30, ------------------ 1998 1999 ------- ---------- Note payable--Principal due in equal monthly installments through May 2002. Interest due monthly............................................. $ -- $ 547,879 Equipment term loan--Principal due in equal monthly installments through May 2002, beginning December 1999. Interest due monthly, beginning November 1999................................................ -- 685,429 ------- ---------- -- 1,233,308 Less current portion................................. -- (433,931) ------- ---------- $ -- $ 799,377 ======= ========== During October 1999, the Company obtained a $296,000 irrevocable standby letter of credit, which guarantees the Company's performance to its landlord (Note 13). The letter of credit reduces the line of credit available to the Company to $1,704,000 and expires in 2002. During November 1999, the Company drew down the remaining $314,571 balance available under its $1,000,000 equipment term loan. During December 1999, the Company amended the Debt Agreement to increase the line of credit and equipment term loan facilities to $3,000,000 and $2,500,000, respectively. During November and December 1999, the Company's tangible net worth fell below the $6,000,000 minimum covenant requirement. The Company obtained a waiver of the tangible net worth covenant requirement for this period, and additionally, in connection with the closing of the Company's Series D preferred stock private equity placement in January 2000 (Note 6), the shortfall was subsequently cured. 6. Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Stock In April 1996, the Company completed a private placement of 6,300,000 shares of Series A preferred stock at a price of $1.00 per share. Net proceeds to the Company after issuance costs were approximately $6,237,000. In September 1997 and December 1997, the Company completed a private placement of 2,086,982 and 601,189 shares, respectively, of Series B preferred stock at a price of $3.72 per share. Net proceeds to the Company after issuance costs were approximately $7,717,000 and $2,230,000, respectively. During the period of December 1998 through June 1999, the Company issued 3,689,065 shares of Series C preferred stock at a price of $3.795 per share. Net proceeds to the Company after issuance costs were approximately $13,942,000. In January 2000, the Company completed a private placement of 3,505,481 shares of Series D preferred stock at a price of $5.0635 per share. Net proceeds to the Company after issuance costs were $17,691,000. Upon liquidation, (i) holders of Series D preferred stock in preference to holders of Series A, Series B and Series C preferred stock and holders of common stock, (ii) holders of Series C preferred stock in preference to holders of Series A and Series B preferred stock and holders of common stock, and (iii) holders of Series A and Series B preferred stock in preference to holders of common stock are entitled to receive an amount equal to the original issue price paid per share, as adjusted for certain defined recapitalization events, plus accrued dividends, if any. Upon the affirmative vote of holders of 67% of the outstanding Series A preferred stock, each outstanding share of Series A preferred stock is mandatorily redeemable by the Company at the greater of the original issue price paid per share plus accrued dividends or fair value plus accrued dividends. At any time after January 1, 2002, up to 50% of the Series A preferred stock are redeemable upon such vote; up to 100% F-14 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) are redeemable at any time after January 1, 2004. In September 1997, the Series A preferred stock redemption price was adjusted based upon the fair market value of the Series B preferred stock of $3.72 per share and was later adjusted in December 1998, to the fair market value of the Series C preferred stock of $3.795 per share. During fiscal years ended 1998 and 1999, the Company recorded accretion on preferred stock of approximately $3,351,000 and $3,683,000, respectively. Upon the affirmative vote of holders of 67% of the outstanding Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock, each outstanding share of Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock is mandatorily redeemable by the Company, respectively, at the original issue price paid per share plus accrued dividends. At any time after July 1, 2003, in the case of the Series B preferred stock, October 1, 2004, in the case of Series C preferred stock, and December 1, 2005, in the case of Series D preferred stock, up to 50% of the Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock are redeemable upon such vote. Up to 100% of the shares are redeemable at any time after July 1, 2005, in the case of Series B preferred stock, October 1, 2006, in the case of Series C preferred stock, and December 1, 2007, in the case of Series D preferred stock. Each outstanding share of Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock (collectively, "convertible preferred stock") is convertible into common stock at the option of the holder thereof. All outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock automatically convert into common stock upon the earlier of (i) the Company's sale of its common stock in a qualified public offering, subject to certain minimum amounts; or (ii) the majority vote of the holders of convertible preferred stock voting together as a single class. Upon conversion, each share of convertible preferred stock shall convert into one share of common stock, subject to certain adjustments. In the event the Company issues additional shares of common stock or securities convertible into common stock, subject to certain exclusions, for consideration less than the original issue price paid for the outstanding convertible preferred stock, then the convertible preferred stock conversion price shall be reduced in accordance with anti-dilution provisions. Further, in the event prior to December 1, 2000 (i) the Company sells common stock which becomes publicly traded, or (ii) the Company is acquired by another entity, or (iii) substantially all assets of the Company are sold, and the price per share received by holders of the common stock is at least $9 per share, the Series C preferred stock conversion ratio changes such that each share of Series C preferred stock converts into 0.8285691 shares of common stock. Each holder of convertible preferred stock is entitled to vote on all matters on an "as if converted" basis. Dividends, if declared by the Board of Directors, are in preference to any dividends declared on common stock at the rate of 8% of the original issue price paid per share per annum and are not cumulative. No dividends have been declared through September 30, 1999 or December 31, 1999. Before taking certain actions, the Company must obtain the majority approval of the holders of certain outstanding convertible preferred shares. Depending upon the action, the convertible preferred stockholders may vote separately for each series or together as a single class. Furthermore, such approval for certain actions is not required if there is approval by at least 75% of the members of the Board of Directors. These actions include making loans or advances to employees and guaranteeing the indebtedness of any other party, other than in the ordinary course of business, the sale of all or substantially all of the Company's property or business, mergers with any other corporation, acquisitions of other businesses, issuance of senior equity securities and the declaration and payment of dividends on common stock. 7. Stockholders' Equity Common Stock The Company has 30,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, authorized at September 30, 1999. The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of commons stockholders are subject to, and qualified by, the F-15 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) rights of preferred stockholders. Common stockholders are entitled to one vote on all matters brought before the stockholders for each share of common stock held. Common stockholders are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if, declared by the Company, and subject to preferential dividend rights of preferred stockholders. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, common stockholders will be entitled to receive all assets of the Company available for distribution to stockholders, subject to preferential rights of preferred stockholders. Preferred Stock The Company has 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value, authorized at September 30, 1999. In January 2000, the authorized shares of preferred stock were increased to 20,000,000 shares. Stock Options In March 1996, the Company granted an option to purchase up to 800,000 shares of common stock to an executive officer at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The option was immediately exercisable and was exercised in full in March 1996. The unvested shares issued upon exercise of the option are subject to a repurchase right in favor of the Company; however, such repurchase right lapses over a four-year period as the optionee becomes vested in the issued shares. At September 30, 1999, 100,000 of such shares were subject to the Company's repurchase right. In March 1996, the Company established the 1996 Stock Option Plan (the 1996 Plan) which allows for up to 6,000,000 shares of the Company's authorized but unissued common stock to be issued under the 1996 Plan. The 1996 Plan is administered by the Company's Board of Directors, and options may be granted to employees, non-employee members of the Board of Directors and independent consultants and contractors who provide services to the Company. Options granted under the 1996 Plan may be either incentive stock options or non- qualified stock options, and the terms of any such options are determined by the Board of Directors. However, no option shall have a contractual life in excess of ten years from the date of grant. Stock options granted under the 1996 Plan generally have a ten-year contractual life and are exercisable on the date of grant. Unvested shares issued upon exercise of the options are subject to a repurchase right in favor of the Company, which expires at the rate of 25 percent on the one year anniversary of the grant and ratably thereafter over the following three-year period as the optionee becomes vested in the issued shares. At September 30, 1999, 391,143 shares exercised under the 1996 Plan are subject to the Company's repurchase right at a weighted average per share price of $0.66. In September 1997, the 1996 Plan was amended to include accelerated vesting provisions in the event of a change in control of the Company. In accordance with APB 25, and concurrent with this amendment, a new measurement date was established and non-cash stock-based compensation for previous grants under the 1996 Plan was determined based on the difference between the estimated current market value and the exercise price and recognized over the remaining vesting period of the grants. During fiscal year 1999, stock options were granted under the 1996 Plan at an exercise price below the estimated market price of the Company's common stock at the date of grant. In accordance with APB 25, non-cash stock-based compensation was determined and is being recognized over the vesting period of the grants. Non-cash stock-based compensation expense during fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999 and for the six months ended March 31, 2000 was approximately $216,000, $120,000, $442,000 and $235,000 (unaudited), respectively. Total unamortized, deferred stock-based compensation expense at September 30, 1999 and March 31, 2000 was approximately $1,352,000 and $1,286,000 (unaudited), respectively. F-16 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Options Outstanding and Exercisable The following table summarizes stock option activity: Weighted Average Number of Exercise Options Price --------- -------- Balance at September 30, 1996......................... 616,000 $0.10 Granted............................................. 472,500 0.11 Exercised........................................... (942,281) 0.10 Canceled............................................ (13,219) 0.10 --------- Balance at September 30, 1997......................... 133,000 0.14 Granted............................................. 1,442,750 0.62 Exercised........................................... (207,604) 0.62 Canceled............................................ (109,646) 0.60 --------- Balance at September 30, 1998......................... 1,258,500 0.57 Granted............................................. 1,529,147 3.04 Exercised........................................... (364,561) 1.02 Canceled............................................ (345,896) 0.79 --------- Balance at September 30, 1999......................... 2,077,190 2.28 Granted (unaudited)................................. 609,015 4.38 Exercised (unaudited)............................... (49,786) .46 Canceled (unaudited)................................ (156,658) 1.81 --------- Balance at March 31, 2000 (unaudited)................. 2,479,761 $2.86 ========= Available for grant at September 30, 1999............. 2,408,364 ========= Available for grant at March 31, 2000 (unaudited)..... 1,956,007 ========= The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 1999: Options Outstanding and Exercisable -------------------------------------------------------------------- Weighted-Average Range of Number Remaining Contractual Weighted-Average Exercise Prices Outstanding Average Life in Years Exercise Price --------------- ----------- --------------------- ---------------- $0.10 92,000 7.1 $0.10 $0.62 951,543 8.8 0.62 $1.40 38,000 9.6 1.40 $3.80 797,147 9.8 3.80 $5.30 198,500 9.8 5.30 --------- 2,077,190 9.2 ========= F-17 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The fair value of each employee option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted-average assumptions included in the Company's fair value calculations are as follows: Year Ended September 30, ---------------- 1997 1998 1999 ---- ---- ---- Expected life (years).................................... 4 4 4 Risk-free interest rate.................................. 6.41% 5.60% 5.47% Volatility............................................... -- -- -- Dividend yield........................................... -- -- -- Had the Company determined compensation costs for stock option awards in accordance with SFAS No. 123, the Company's pro forma net loss would have been approximately $4,850,000, $6,640,000 and $10,170,000 for the fiscal years ended September 30, 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively. Net loss per share would have been $0.87, $1.57 and $1.85 for the fiscal years ended September 30, 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively. Compensation cost calculated under the fair value approach is recognized over the vesting period of the respective stock options. 8. Earnings per Share The following table sets forth the calculation for loss (numerator) and shares (denominator) for earnings per share: Year Ended Six Months Ended September 30, March 31, --------------------------------------- ------------------------- 1997 1998 1999 1999 2000 ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ (unaudited) Basic and diluted net loss per common share: Loss (numerator): Net loss............. $(4,871,573) $ (6,699,295) $(10,473,861) $(5,250,738) $ (7,117,278) Less: Accretion of redeemable preferred stock............... (278,519) (3,351,462) (3,682,750) (1,706,403) (7,135,414) ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Net loss available for common stockholders.... $(5,150,092) $(10,050,757) $(14,156,611) $(6,957,141) $(14,252,692) =========== ============ ============ =========== ============ Shares (denominator): Weighted average number of common shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per common share........ 5,979,535 6,743,791 7,505,515 7,235,627 7,958,892 ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ Basic and diluted net loss per common share............... $ (0.86) $ (1.49) $ (1.89) $ (0.96) $ (1.79) =========== ============ ============ =========== ============ At September 30, 1997, 1998, 1999 and March 31, 2000, preferred stock was convertible into 8,386,982, 8,988,171, 12,677,236 and 16,182,717 (unaudited) common shares, respectively, but is not included in the earnings per share computation because it is anti-dilutive. At September 30, 1997, 1998, 1999 and March 31, 2000, options to purchase 133,000, 1,258,500, 2,077,190 and 2,479,761 (unaudited) common shares, respectively, were outstanding, but are not included in the computation because they are anti-dilutive. At September 30, 1998, 750,000 shares of common stock issued in connection with the Company's formation of a joint venture were outstanding, but are not included in the earnings per share computation because the shares were issued contingent upon the successful formation of the joint venture and were subject to repurchase by the Company (Note 4). F-18 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 9. Employee Savings Plan The Company has a 401(k) Savings Plan (the Savings Plan) in which all employees are eligible to participate. The Company may, at its discretion, match up to 100% of participant contributions. No contributions to the Savings Plan were made by the Company during the periods presented. Effective January 1, 2000, the Company will match 50% of participant contributions, up to the first 6% of participant compensation, as approved by the Board of Directors. 10. Income Taxes Income tax (expense) benefit is as follows: Year Ended September 30, ------------------------------------- 1997 1998 1999 ----------- ----------- ----------- Deferred: Federal................................ $ 1,230,261 $ 2,014,227 $ 3,121,573 State and local........................ 217,105 355,452 550,866 Foreign................................ 466,552 146,590 836,114 Increase in valuation allowance.......... (1,913,918) (2,516,269) (4,508,553) ----------- ----------- ----------- Total................................ $ -- $ -- $ -- =========== =========== =========== Deferred income taxes consist of the following amounts at: September 30, ------------------------- 1998 1999 ----------- ------------ Net operating loss carryforwards................ $ 5,312,538 $ 9,656,035 Capitalized start-up costs...................... 117,711 76,166 Other........................................... 159,920 366,522 ----------- ------------ Gross deferred tax asset, net................... 5,590,169 10,098,723 Valuation allowance............................. (5,590,169) (10,098,723) ----------- ------------ Net deferred taxes.............................. $ -- $ -- =========== ============ The Company provides deferred taxes for temporary differences between the book and tax return basis of assets and liabilities. A full valuation allowance has been recorded against the deferred tax asset as of September 30, 1998 and 1999 because in management's judgment it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. As of September 30, 1999, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards for both U.S. federal and state income tax reporting purposes of approximately $19.4 million. These carryforwards expire between 2011 and 2019. The Company's ability to utilize the net operating loss carryforwards in future years may be limited in some circumstances, including significant changes in ownership interests, due to certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. As of September 30, 1999, MCL had net operating loss carryforwards in Israel of approximately $5.3 million which do not have an expiration period. As of September 30, 1999, MCUK had net operating loss carryforwards in the UK of approximately $900,000 which do not have an expiration period. As of September 30, 1999, the Company also had net operating loss carryforwards of $200,000 in Germany. These losses are related to the newly formed MCDE subsidiary and the joint venture, and do not have an expiration period. F-19 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) In 1997, the Company made an election under United States tax laws to domesticate its Israeli subsidiary, MCL. As a result of this election, on January 1, 1997, MCL is treated as transferring all of its assets to a domestic corporation. For tax purposes the Israeli Subsidiary is treated as a taxable subsidiary in both Israel and Delaware from January 1, 1997 forward. The provision for income taxes differed from that which would be computed by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to income before income taxes as follows: Year Ended September 30, ------------------------------------ 1997 1998 1999 ----------- ---------- ----------- Federal tax at statutory rate....... 34.0% 34.0% 34.0% State tax, net of federal benefit... 4.0 4.0 4.0 Change in valuation allowance....... (32.0) (36.8) (37.7) Other............................... (6.0) (1.2) (0.3) ----------- ---------- ----------- Provision for income taxes.......... -- % -- % -- % =========== ========== =========== 11. Segment Information During fiscal year 1999, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131 (SFAS 131), "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information", which establishes standards for the manner in which public companies report information about operating segments, products and services, geographic areas and major customers. The Company classifies its operations into one industry segment, software development and related services. The Company's revenues by country or geographic region of customer location were as follows: Year Ended September 30, ------------------------------------ 1997 1998 1999 ----------- ---------- ----------- United States....................... $ 793,651 $5,637,602 $ 9,457,607 Germany............................. 1,257,281 1,579,910 2,246,282 Switzerland......................... -- 1,018,113 2,027,370 United Kingdom...................... -- 8,222 1,659,034 Denmark............................. 595,682 80,637 78,086 Rest of world....................... 38,795 205,018 34,897 ----------- ---------- ----------- $ 2,685,409 $8,529,502 $15,503,276 =========== ========== =========== The Company's long-lived assets by country or geographic region consist of the following at: September 30, ------------------------------------ 1997 1998 1999 ----------- ---------- ----------- United States....................... $ 713,033 $ 995,518 $ 1,717,697 Germany............................. -- -- 1,660,416 United Kingdom...................... -- 38,546 52,968 Israel.............................. 323,584 332,649 14,998 ----------- ---------- ----------- $ 1,036,617 $1,366,713 $ 3,446,079 =========== ========== =========== F-20 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 12. Related-Party Transactions The Company is a party to an international marketing agreement with a software distributor, Interchip Distributed Systems GmbH (Interchip), which is owned by the Company's Chief Executive Officer and another member of the Company's Board of Directors. The original term of the agreement extends through December 2000, subject to certain conditions. Under the marketing agreement, Interchip had an exclusive right, which was amended to a non- exclusive right effective in April 1999, to market certain of the Company's products in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In return, the Company is entitled to royalties generally calculated as 50% of the sales price of license and maintenance revenues to end-users. (See Note 2 regarding the Company's revenue and cost of revenue accounting policies in instances where the Company provides substantial sales and customer support to its distributors.) During fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, the Company recognized revenue of approximately $1,114,000, $2,515,000, $2,688,000 and $198,000 (unaudited), respectively, and distributor expense of approximately $557,000, $1,359,000, $1,280,000, and $64,000 (unaudited), respectively, under this agreement. In addition, the Company had accounts receivable due from Interchip of approximately $1,200,000, $174,000 and $125,000 (unaudited) at September 30, 1998 and 1999 and March 31, 2000, respectively. The Company from time-to-time engages in transactions with a software developer, USU, which is a stockholder in the Company and the Company's joint venture partner (See Note 4). During fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, and during the six months ended March 31, 2000, the Company incurred fees of approximately $8,000, $267,000, $451,000 and $141,000 (unaudited), respectively, for professional services and development work provided by USU. In connection with the sale and distribution of certain of USU's products, during fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, and during the six months ended March 31, 2000, the Company incurred royalty expense of approximately $185,000, $384,000, $169,000 and $0 (unaudited), respectively. During fiscal year 1997, 1998, 1999 and the six months ended March 31, 2000, the Company performed certain development activities for USU in exchange for development fees of $0, $83,000, $280,000 and $0 (unaudited), respectively. At September 30, 1998 and 1999 and at March 31, 2000, the Company had net accounts payable to USU of approximately $240,000, $90,000 and $0 (unaudited), respectively. The Company's Israeli subsidiary sub-leased its office space from a stockholder. The subsidiary was charged for a proportion of part of the rental based on floor space occupied. The unwritten sub-lease agreement ran month-to- month and was terminated in May 1999. The Company incurred approximately $113,000, $121,000 and $84,000 of rent expense under the sub-lease agreement during fiscal years 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively. F-21 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The following is a summary of related-party transactions: Year Ended Six months ended September 30, March 31, -------------------------------- --------------------- 1997 1998 1999 1999 2000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- (unaudited) Related party revenue: License: Interchip............. $ 980,000 $2,172,000 $1,592,000 $1,237,000 $ -- USU................... -- 83,000 280,000 280,000 -- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 980,000 2,255,000 1,872,000 1,517,000 -- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Maintenance: Interchip............. 134,000 218,000 665,000 279,000 198,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Professional services: Interchip............. -- 125,000 431,000 176,000 -- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Joint venture development fees: ValueSolution......... -- -- 1,109,000 243,000 923,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Total related party revenue........... $1,114,000 $2,598,000 $4,077,000 $2,215,000 $1,121,000 ========== ========== ========== ========== ========== Related party cost of revenue: License: Interchip............. $ 490,000 $1,260,000 $ 914,000 $ 692,000 $ -- USU................... 178,000 321,000 139,000 139,000 -- ValueSolution......... -- -- 705,000 22,000 748,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 668,000 1,581,000 1,758,000 853,000 748,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Maintenance: Interchip............. 67,000 99,000 366,000 156,000 64,000 USU................... 7,000 63,000 30,000 26,000 -- ValueSolution......... -- -- 73,000 16,000 88,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 74,000 162,000 469,000 198,000 152,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Professional services: USU................... 8,000 267,000 321,000 105,000 22,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Total related party cost of revenue... $ 750,000 $2,010,000 $2,548,000 $1,156,000 $ 922,000 ========== ========== ========== ========== ========== Related party research and development expense: USU................... $ -- $ -- $ 130,000 $ 4,000 $ 119,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- $ -- $ -- $ 130,000 $ 4,000 $ 119,000 ========== ========== ========== ========== ========== F-22 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) September 30, --------------------- March 31, 1998 1999 2000 ----------- --------- ----------- (unaudited) Related party assets: Accounts receivable: Interchip.............................. $1,200,000 $ 174,000 $ 125,000 ----------- --------- ----------- --- Other Assets: Interchip.............................. 322,000 105,000 19,000 USU.................................... 16,000 -- -- ValueSolution.......................... -- 83,000 131,000 ----------- --------- ----------- 338,000 188,000 150,000 ----------- --------- ----------- Total related party assets............... $ 1,538,000 $ 362,000 $ 275,000 =========== ========= =========== Related party liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued liabilities: USU.................................... $ 240,000 $ 90,000 $ -- ----------- --------- ----------- Deferred revenue: Interchip.............................. 569,000 225,000 61,000 ValueSolution.......................... -- -- 311,000 ----------- --------- ----------- 569,000 225,000 372,000 ----------- --------- ----------- Total related party liabilities.......... $ 809,000 $ 315,000 $ 372,000 =========== ========= =========== 13. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities Research and Development Contracts with the Chief Scientist MCL previously entered into research and development contracts with the Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Industry and Trade (the Chief Scientist). Under the agreements, MCL received grants from the Chief Scientist for use in certain approved research and development projects. Such amounts are recorded as an offset to research and development expenses. In return, the Chief Scientist is entitled to receive royalties on sales of the product for which the research is being undertaken. Such royalties are limited to as much as 300% of total grants received at the rate of up to 5% to 6% of qualifying sales. MCL had received approximately $365,000 from the Chief Scientist through September 30, 1996. There were no grants from the Chief Scientist subsequent to September 30, 1996. Through September 30, 1999, the Company had accrued related royalty expense of approximately $278,000. In March 1999, the Company made an application to the Chief Scientist to transfer from MCL to MainControl the manufacturing rights of products developed under contract with the Chief Scientist. Upon approval of this election, maximum royalties to the Chief Scientist will total approximately $1,095,000. F-23 MAINCONTROL, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Operating Lease Commitments The Company has certain minimum obligations under noncancelable operating leases, principally in connection with its office space. At September 30, 1999, future minimum lease payments are as follows: Year Ending September 30, ------------------------- --- 2000.................................. $ 1,227,000 2001.................................. 1,257,000 2002.................................. 1,128,000 2003.................................. 1,148,000 2004.................................. 1,180,000 ----------- $ 5,940,000 =========== Rent expense was approximately $296,000, $410,000 and $526,000 for fiscal years 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively. The Company's lease for its U.S. headquarters expires during fiscal year 2004 and is renewable thereafter for a period of five additional years. During the lease term, the Company is required to maintain a $296,000 security deposit with the landlord in the form of either a cash deposit or irrevocable letter of credit (Note 5). 14. Subsequent events (unaudited) 1996 Stock Option Plan In May 2000, the Company amended the 1996 Stock Option Plan, subject to shareholder approval, to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance to 10,000,000. 2000 Equity Plan In May 2000, the Board of Directors approved the 2000 Equity Plan (the 2000 Plan). The 2000 Plan, which is subject to stockholder approval and effective upon the closing of an initial public offering, provides for the award of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, and restricted stock units and performance units from the Company's authorized but unissued common stock. The maximum number of shares issuable under the 2000 Plan, which will replace the 1996 Plan, will equal the remaining shares available for grant under the 1996 Plan. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In May 2000, the Board of Directors approved an employee stock purchase plan (Stock Purchase Plan). The Stock Purchase Plan, which is effective upon the closing of an initial public offering, allows Company employees to purchase up to 4,000,000 shares of the Company's authorized but unissued common stock through payroll deductions. The price of shares of common stock purchased under the Stock Purchase Plan will be 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the shares of common stock on the date the option was granted or the date the option is exercised. F-24 Back Inside Cover-- Title: MC/EMpower i.series: SOFTWARE COVERING THE E-INFRASTRUCTURE LIFE CYCLE On the left is a circle with the words Enterprise Technology Repository written in it. There are five separate arrows circling the inside circle graphic and the arrows move in a clockwise direction. . Starting at 12 o'clock, the first arrow has the word "deployment" written in it. . The next arrow has the word "management" written in it. . The next arrow has the word "retirement" written in it. . The next arrow has the word "planning" written in it. . The next arrow has the word "procurement" in it. To the right of the graphic is a chart that is intended to describe the modules and intended benefits of each stage of the life cycle: Column one contains the following text listed vertically and separated by lines: planning, procurement, deployment, management. Column two is headed with the text MODULES. In the planning row is i.advise; in the procurement row is i.request, i.procure and i.receive, listed vertically; in the deployment row is i.infrastructure manager, i.implement, i.integrate, i.collect, i.track, i.audit, listed vertically; in the management row is i.service, i.contract, i.inventory, i.finance, i.chargeback, listed vertically; in the retirement row is i.retire. Column three is headed with the text INTENDED BENEFITS. In the planning row, with bullets, is plan e-infrastructure resources; build standards and policies; identify business trends; project necessary budget/resources. In the procurement row, with bullets, is streamline procurement process; improve vendor negotiations; procure according to corporate policy; automate budget allocation; compare ordered items to delivery. In the deployment row, with bullets, is standardize deployment; automate software distribution; track license usage; automate inventory collection. In the management row, with bullets, is develop enterprise asset repository; monitor and manage changes; compare installed resources to plan; identify and solve user problems; maintain accurate financial records; manage vendor/service contracts. In the retirement row, with bullets, is cascade/retire assets, terminate lease agreements; modify inventory/financial records; remove software/files before disposal; update license information. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Through and including , 2000 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers' obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions. Shares MainControl, Inc. Common Stock ---------------- PROSPECTUS ---------------- Merrill Lynch & Co. Banc of America Securities LLC Dain Rauscher Wessels June , 2000 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION The following table sets forth all expenses payable by MainControl in connection with the sale of the common stock being registered. All of the amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee, the NASD filing fee and the Nasdaq National Market application fee. Amount to be Paid ------- Registration fee....................................................... $15,180 NASD filing fee........................................................ $ 6,250 Nasdaq National Market listing application fee......................... Printing and engraving expenses........................................ * Legal fees and expenses................................................ * Accounting fees and expenses........................................... * Transfer agent and registrar fees...................................... * Miscellaneous.......................................................... * ------- Total................................................................ $ * ======= - -------- * Estimated. ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS The Company's bylaws require that directors and officers be indemnified to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law. The Delaware General Corporation Law (the "Delaware GCL") provides that a director or officer of a corporation (i) shall be indemnified by the corporation for all expenses of litigation or other legal proceedings when he is successful on the merits, (ii) may be indemnified by the corporation for the expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement of such litigation (other than a derivative suit), even if he is not successful on the merits, if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation (and, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reason to believe his conduct was unlawful), and (iii) may be indemnified by the corporation for expenses of a derivative suit (a suit by a stockholder alleging a breach by a director or officer of a duty owed to the corporation), even if he is not successful on the merits, if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, provided that no such indemnification may be made in accordance with this clause (iii) if the director or officer is adjudged liable to the corporation, unless a court determines that, despite such adjudication but in view of all of the circumstances, he is entitled to indemnification of such expenses. The indemnification described in clauses (ii) and (iii) above shall be made upon order by a court or a determination by (i) a majority of disinterested directors, (ii) if there are no such directors or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion or (iii) the stockholders that indemnification is proper because the applicable standard of conduct is met. Expenses incurred by a director or officer in defending an action may be advanced by the corporation prior to the final disposition of such action upon receipt of an undertaking by such director or officer to repay such expenses if it is ultimately determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified in connection with the proceeding to which the expenses relate. MainControl's amended and restated certificate of incorporation includes a provision eliminating, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, director liability for monetary damages for breaches of fiduciary duty. II-1 MainControl expects to enter into indemnity agreements (the "Indemnity Agreements") with each director or officer designated by the board of directors. The Indemnity Agreements require that the Company indemnify directors and officers who are parties thereto in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Under the Delaware GCL, except in the case of litigation in which a director of officer is successful on the merits, indemnification of a director or officer is discretionary rather than mandatory. Consistent with MainControl's Bylaw provision on the subject, the Indemnity Agreements require MainControl to make prompt payment of litigation expenses at the request of the director or officer in advance of litigation provided that he undertakes to repay the amounts if it is ultimately determined that he is not entitled to indemnification for such expenses. The advance of litigation expenses is mandatory; under the Delaware GCL such advance would be discretionary. Under the Indemnity Agreements, the director or officer is permitted to bring suit to seek recovery of amounts due under the Indemnity Agreements and is entitled to recover the expenses of seeking such recovery unless a court determines that the action was not made in good faith or was frivolous. Without the Indemnity Agreements, the Company would not be required to pay the director or officer for his expenses in seeking indemnification recovery against the Company. Under the Indemnity Agreements, directors and officers are not entitled to indemnity or advancing of expenses (i) if such director or officer has recovered payment under an insurance policy for the subject claim, or has otherwise been indemnified against the subject claim, (ii) for actions initiated or brought by the director or officer and not by way of defense (except for actions seeking indemnity or expenses from the Company), (iii) if the director or officer violated section 16(b) of the Exchange Act or similar provisions of law or (iv) if a court of competent jurisdiction determines that the director or officer failed to act in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company or, with respect to any proceeding which is of a criminal nature, had reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. Absent the Indemnity Agreements, indemnification that might be made available to directors and officers could be changed by amendments to MainControl's Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director or officer of MainControl as to which indemnification is being sought nor is MainControl aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification by any officer or director. MainControl intends to apply for an insurance policy covering the officers and directors of MainControl with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act or otherwise. ITEM 15. RECENT SALE OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES (1) In April 1996 MainControl completed a private placement of 6,300,000 shares of Series A preferred stock to 17 accredited investors for cash in the aggregate amount of $6.3 million. The aggregate net proceeds to MainControl after issuance costs were approximately $6.2 million. MainControl sold these shares in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Section 4(2) of the Securities Act ("Section 4(2)"), as transactions not involving a public offering. (2) In September 1997 and December 1997 MainControl completed a private placement of 2,688,171 shares of Series B preferred stock to 28 accredited investors for cash in the aggregate amount of $10.0 million. The aggregate net proceeds to MainControl after issuance costs were approximately $9.9 million. MainControl sold these shares in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Section 4(2), as transactions not involving a public offering. (3) During the period of December 1998 through June 1999, MainControl completed a private placement of 3,689,065 shares of Series C preferred stock to 24 accredited investors for cash in the aggregate amount of $14.0 million. The aggregate net proceeds to MainControl after issuance costs were approximately $13.9 million. MainControl sold these shares in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Section 4(2), as transactions not involving a public offering. (4) In January 2000, MainControl completed a private placement of 3,505,481 shares of Series D preferred stock to 25 accredited investors for cash in the aggregate amount of $17.8 million. The aggregate net proceeds II-2 to MainControl after issuance costs were approximately $17.7 million. MainControl sold these shares in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Section 4(2), as transactions not involving a public offering. (5) As of March 31, 1999, MainControl granted options to purchase an aggregate of 4,669,412 shares of its common stock to its employees, non-employee members of the board of directors and consultants. MainControl granted the options and sold the underlying shares pursuant to its 1996 Stock Option Plan in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act ("Rule 701"). (6) As of March 31, 1999 MainControl granted options of purchase an aggregate of 934,106 shares of its common stock to 8 accredited investors. MainControl issued these shares in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, as transactions not involving a public offering. No underwriters were involved in any of the transactions described above. Each recipient of securities in each of the transactions described above represented the recipient's intention to acquire the securities for investment purposes only and not with a view to, or for sale in connection with, any distribution thereof. ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE (a) Exhibits. Exhibit Number Description of Document ------- ----------------------- 1.1 Form of Purchase Agreement 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as currently in effect 3.2 Bylaws, as currently in effect 3.3 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as will be in effect after the offering 3.4 Bylaws, as will be in effect after the offering 4.1 Specimen of Stock Certificate, as will be in effect after the offering 4.2 MainControl, Inc. Fourth Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement dated as of January 26, 2000 5.1** Opinion of Shearman and Sterling 10.1 Form of Indemnity Agreement 10.2 Employment Agreement between the Registrant and its chief executive officer 10.3 MainControl, Inc. Amended and Restated 1996 Stock Option Plan Document 10.4 MainControl, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan 10.5 MainControl, Inc. 2000 Executive Incentive Plan 10.6 MainControl, Inc. 2000 Equity Plan 22.1** Subsidiaries of the Registrant 23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 23.2** Consent of Shearman & Sterling (included in Exhibit 5.1) 24.1* Power of Attorney (included on signature page) 27.1 Financial Data Schedule * Previously filed. ** To be filed by amendment. (b) Financial Statement Schedules. All schedules are omitted because they are not required, are not applicable or the information is included in our financial statements or notes thereto. II-3 ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the Underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the Underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser. Insofar as indemnification by the Registrant for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to provisions referenced in Item 14 or otherwise, this Registration Statement or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered hereunder, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: (1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement (I) to include any prospectus required by Section 10 (a) (3) of the Securities Act of 1933; (ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereto, which, individually or in the affregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; and (iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement. (2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. (3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of this offering. (4) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497 (h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. II-4 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of McLean, State of Virginia, on the 19th day of June , 2000. MainControl, Inc. /s/ David J. Piper By: _________________________________ David J. Piper PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT HAS BEEN SIGNED BY THE FOLLOWING PERSONS IN THE CAPACITIES AND ON THE DATES INDICATED. Signature Date Title --------- ---- ----- Alex Pinchev* June 19, 2000 President and Chief ______________________________________ Executive Officer and Alex Pinchev Chairman of the Board /s/ David J. Piper June 19, 2000 Chief Financial Officer ______________________________________ (Principal Financial David J. Piper Officer) (Principal Accounting Officer) Meir Barel* June 19, 2000 Director ______________________________________ Meir Barel Jon Bayless* June 19, 2000 Director ______________________________________ Jon Bayless J. Carter Beese* June 19, 2000 Director ______________________________________ J. Carter Beese John Burton* June 19, 2000 Director ______________________________________ John Burton Dennis J. Gorman* June 19, 2000 Director ______________________________________ Dennis J. Gorman II-5 Signature Date Title --------- ---- ----- Carl H. Hahn* June 19, 2000 Director ______________________________________ Carl H. Hahn Dieter Riffel* June 19, 2000 Director ______________________________________ Dieter Riffel /s/ David J. Piper June 19, 2000 ______________________________________ David J. Piper *Attorney-in-fact II-6 EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit Number Item Page ------- ---- ---- 1.1 Form of Purchase Agreement 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as currently in effect 3.2 Bylaws, as currently in effect 3.3 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as will be in effect after the offering 3.4 Bylaws, as will be in effect after the offering 4.1 Specimen of Stock Certificate, as will be in effect after the offering 4.2 MainControl, Inc. Fourth Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement dated as of January 26, 2000 5.1** Opinion of Shearman and Sterling 10.1 Form of Indemnity Agreement 10.2 Employment Agreement between the Registrant and its chief executive officer 10.3 MainControl, Inc. Amended and Restated 1996 Stock Option Plan Document 10.4 MainControl, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan 10.5 MainControl, Inc. 2000 Executive Incentive Plan 10.6 MainControl, Inc. 2000 Equity Plan 22.1** Subsidiaries of the Registrant 23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 23.2** Consent of Shearman & Sterling (included in Exhibit 5.1) 24.1* Power of Attorney (included on signature page) 27.1 Financial Data Schedule * Previously filed. ** To be filed by amendment.