Exhibit (A)(1)(vii)


            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
Obtaining a Number
If you do not have a taxpayer identification number or you do not know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or
Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office
of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service (the
"IRS") and apply for a number.

To complete the Substitute Form W-9, if you do not have a taxpayer
identification number, write "Applied For" in the space for the taxpayer
identification number in Part 1, sign and date the Form, and give it to the
requester. Generally, you will then have 60 days to obtain a taxpayer
identification number and furnish it to the requester. If the requester does
not receive your taxpayer identification number by the time of payment, the
requester will withhold 31% of all such payments until a taxpayer
identification number is provided to the requester. If the requester does not
receive your taxpayer identification number within 60 days, such retained
amounts will be remitted to the IRS as backup withholding and 31% of all
reportable payments made to you thereafter will be withheld and remitted to
the IRS until you provide a taxpayer identification number.

Payees Exempt from Backup Withholding
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL broker
transactions and interest and dividend payments include the following:

 . A corporation.
 . A financial institution.
 . An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a) of the Internal Reve-
   nue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or an individual retirement plan
   or a custodial account under Section 403(b)(7) if the account satisfies the
   requirements of Section 401(f)(2).
 . The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
 . A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or
   any subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
 . A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or
   any agency or instrumentality thereof.
 . An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
 . A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the U.S. or a
   possession of the U.S.
 . A real estate investment trust.
 . A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a) of the Code.
 . An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a non-exempt trust described in
   section 4947(a)(1).
 . An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
 . A foreign central bank of issue.

Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:

 . Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
 . Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
   which have at least one non-resident alien partner.
 . Payments of patronage dividends not paid in money.
 . Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
 . Payments made to a nominee.
Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:

 . Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals.
 . Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
   section 852 of the Code).
 . Payments described in Code section 6049(b)(5) to non-resident aliens.
 . Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451 of the Code.
 . Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
 . Payments made to a nominee.

Exempt payees described above should file Substitute Form W-9 to avoid
possible erroneous backup withholding.

ENTER YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ON THE FACE OF THE
FORM, SIGN AND DATE THE FORM AND RETURN IT TO THE PAYOR.

Privacy Act Notice.--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend,
interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payors
who must report the payments to IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for
identification purposes and to help verify the accuracy of your tax return.
Payors must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are required to
file tax returns. Payors must generally withhold 31% of taxable interest,
dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does not furnish a
taxpayer identification number to a payor. Certain penalties may also apply.

Penalties

(1) Penalty for Failure to Furnish Taxpayer Identification Number.--If you
fail to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payor, you are
subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due
to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.
(2) Failure to Report Certain Dividend and Interest Payments. If you fail to
include any portion of an includible payment for interest, dividends, or
patronage dividends in gross income and such failure is due to negligence, a
penalty of 20% is imposed on any portion of an underpayment attributable to
that failure.
(3) Civil Penalty for False Information With Respect To Withholding.--If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
(4) Criminal Penalty for Falsifying Information.--Willfully falsifying
certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including
fines and/or imprisonment.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.


            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

Guidelines for Determining the Proper Name and Identification Number to Give
the Payor.

  The taxpayer identification number for an individual is the individual's
social security number. Social security numbers have nine digits separated by
two hyphens: i.e., 000-00-0000. The taxpayer identification number for an
entity is the entity's employer identification number. Employer identification
numbers have nine digits separated by only one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The
table below will help determine the number to give the payor.


- ---------------------------------------------

                             Give the Name
For this type of account:    and Taxpayer
                             Identification
                             Number of:
- ---------------------------------------------
                          
 1. An individual's account  The individual
 2. Two or more individuals  The actual owner
    (joint account)          of the account
                             or, if combined
                             funds, any one
                             of the
                             individuals(1)
 3. Husband and wife (joint  The actual owner
    account)                 of the account,
                             or if joint
                             funds, either
                             person(1)
 4. Custodian account of a   The minor(2)
    minor (Uniform Gift to
    Minors Act)
 5. Adult and minor (joint   The adult or, if
    account)                 the minor is the
                             only
                             contributor, the
                             minor(1)
 6. Account in the name of   The ward, minor
    guardian or committee    or incompetent
    for a designated ward,   person(3)
    minor or incompetent
    person
 7.a. The usual revocable    The grantor-
   savings trust account     trustee(1)
   (grantor is also
   trustee)
b. So-called trust account   The actual
   that is not a legal or    owner(1)
   valid trust under State
   law The actual owner(1)
- ---------------------------------------------


                                        -----

                             Give the Name
For this type of account:    and Taxpayer
                             Identification
                             Number of:
                                        -----
                          
 8. Sole proprietorship      The owner(4)
    account
 9. A valid trust, estate,   The legal entity
    or pension trust         (Do not furnish
                             the identifying
                             number of the
                             personal
                             representative
                             or trustee
                             unless the legal
                             entity itself is
                             not designated
                             in the account
                             title.)(5)
10. Corporate account        The corporation
11. Association, club,       The organization
    religious, charitable,
    educational or other
    tax-exempt
    organization account
12. Partnership account      The partnership
13. A broker or registered   The broker or
    nominee                  nominee
14. Account with the         The public
    Department of            entity
    Agriculture in the
    name of a public
    entity (such as a
    State or local
    government, school
    district or prison)
    that receives
    agricultural program
    payments
                                        -----


(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3) Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
    person's Social security number.
(4) Show the name of the owner.
(5) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension
    trust.

Note:If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will
     be considered to be that of the first name listed.