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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
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FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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FOR THE QUARTER ENDED: JUNE 30, 1998 COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 000-24435
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
DELAWARE 51-0323571
(I.R.S. Employer Identification
(State of incorporation) Number)
8000 TOWERS CRESCENT DRIVE, VIENNA, VA 22182
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(703) 848-8600
(Registrant's telephone number)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceeding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes No X
----- ----
The number of shares of the registrant's Class A Common Stock and Class B
Common Stock outstanding on August 1, 1998 was 4,600,000 and 30,735,514,
respectively.
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MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
FORM 10Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
----
PART I--FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets, June 30, 1998 (unaudited) and December
31, 1997.......................................................... 1
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, Three
Months Ended June 30, 1998 and 1997 (unaudited)..................... 2
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, Six
Months Ended June 30, 1998 and 1997 (unaudited)..................... 3
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Six Months Ended June 30, 1998
and 1997 (unaudited)................................................ 4
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements........................... 5
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operation................................................... 8
PART II--OTHER INFORMATION................................................ 22
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
JUNE 30, DECEMBER 31,
1998 1997
----------- ------------
(UNAUDITED)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents........................... $39,976 $ 3,506
Accounts receivable, net............................ 22,506 16,085
Prepaid expenses and other current assets........... 1,495 1,435
------- -------
Total current assets.............................. 63,977 21,026
------- -------
Property and equipment, net........................... 8,430 6,891
Deposits and other assets............................. 2,852 2,148
------- -------
Total assets...................................... $75,259 $30,065
======= =======
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Line-of-credit...................................... $ -- $ 4,508
Notes payable, current portion...................... -- 900
Dividend notes payable.............................. 10,000 --
Accounts payable and accrued expenses............... 10,283 9,406
Accrued compensation and employee benefits.......... 3,456 3,633
Deferred revenue.................................... 9,223 8,340
------- -------
Total current liabilities......................... 32,962 26,787
Notes payable, long-term portion...................... -- 2,658
Deferred revenue...................................... 1,109 1,047
------- -------
Total liabilities................................. 34,071 30,492
------- -------
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' (deficit) equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share,
5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or
outstanding........................................ -- --
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 50,000,000
shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding
at June 30, 1998; 29,493,873 shares issued or
outstanding at December 31, 1997................... -- 29
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share,
100,000,000 shares authorized, 4,600,000 shares
issued or outstanding at June 30, 1998; no shares
issued or outstanding at December 31, 1997......... 5 --
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share,
100,000,000 shares authorized, 30,735,514 shares
issued or outstanding at June 30, 1998; no shares
issued or outstanding at December 31, 1997......... 31 --
Additional paid-in capital.......................... 41,697 20
Accumulated other comprehensive income.............. 221 158
Accumulated earnings (deficit)...................... 535 (634)
Deferred compensation............................... (1,301) --
------- -------
Total stockholders' (deficit) equity.............. 41,188 (427)
------- -------
Total liabilities and stockholders' (deficit) eq-
uity............................................. $75,259 $30,065
======= =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial
Statements.
1
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1998 AND 1997
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(UNAUDITED)
1998 1997
---------- ----------
Revenues:
Product licenses.................................... $ 16,245 $ 8,134
Product support..................................... 7,545 3,741
---------- ----------
Total revenues.................................... 23,790 11,875
---------- ----------
Cost of revenues:
Product licenses.................................... 552 396
Product support..................................... 4,113 2,059
---------- ----------
Total cost of revenues............................ 4,665 2,455
---------- ----------
Gross margin.......................................... 19,125 9,420
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing................................. 12,005 7,036
Research and development............................ 2,776 915
General and administrative.......................... 2,600 1,270
---------- ----------
Total operating expenses.......................... 17,381 9,221
---------- ----------
Income from operations................................ 1,744 199
Interest income....................................... 84 17
Interest expense...................................... (264) (93)
Other income (expense), net........................... (45) (1)
---------- ----------
Income before income taxes............................ 1,519 122
Provision for income taxes............................ 577 --
---------- ----------
Net income............................................ $ 942 $ 122
========== ==========
Other comprehensive income (expense):
Foreign currency translation adjustment............. 59 (48)
---------- ----------
Other comprehensive income (expense).................. 59 (48)
---------- ----------
Comprehensive income.................................. $ 1,001 $ 74
========== ==========
Basic net income per share............................ $ 0.03 $ 0.00
========== ==========
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing
basic net income per share........................... 31,836,613 29,493,873
========== ==========
Diluted net income per share.......................... $ 0.03 $ 0.00
========== ==========
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing
diluted net income per share......................... 36,644,863 32,053,487
========== ==========
Pro forma information (unaudited):
Income before income taxes, as reported............... $ 1,519
Pro forma income taxes................................ (577)
----------
Pro forma net income.................................. $ 942
==========
Pro forma basic net income per share.................. $ 0.03
==========
Pro forma diluted net income per share................ $ 0.03
==========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial
Statements
2
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1998 AND 1997
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(UNAUDITED)
1998 1997
----------- -----------
Revenues:
Product licenses.................................. $ 30,527 $ 12,865
Product support................................... 13,158 7,147
----------- -----------
Total revenues.................................. 43,685 20,012
----------- -----------
Cost of revenues:
Product licenses.................................. 1,090 753
Product support................................... 7,276 3,858
----------- -----------
Total cost of revenues.......................... 8,366 4,611
----------- -----------
Gross margin........................................ 35,319 15,401
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing............................... 22,833 12,328
Research and development.......................... 4,868 1,650
General and administrative........................ 5,163 2,165
----------- -----------
Total operating expenses........................ 32,864 16,143
----------- -----------
Income (loss) from operations....................... 2,455 (742)
Interest income..................................... 131 17
Interest expense.................................... (501) (154)
Other income (expense), net......................... (24) (2)
----------- -----------
Income before income taxes.......................... 2,061 (881)
Provision for income taxes.......................... 577 --
----------- -----------
Net income (loss)................................... $ 1,484 $ (881)
=========== ===========
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment........... 63 30
----------- -----------
Other comprehensive income.......................... 63 30
----------- -----------
Comprehensive income (loss)......................... $ 1,547 $ (851)
=========== ===========
Basic net income (loss) per share................... $ 0.05 $ (0.03)
=========== ===========
Weighted average shares outstanding used in
computing basic net income (loss) per share........ 30,885,791 29,493,873
=========== ===========
Diluted net income (loss) per share................. $ 0.04 $ (0.03)
=========== ===========
Weighted average shares outstanding used in
computing diluted net income (loss) per share...... 35,426,161 29,493,873
=========== ===========
Pro forma information (unaudited):
Income before income taxes, as reported............. $ 2,061
Pro forma income taxes.............................. (783)
===========
Pro forma net income................................ $ 1,278
===========
Pro forma basic net income per share................ $ 0.04
===========
Pro forma diluted net income per share.............. $ 0.04
===========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial
Statements.
3
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1998 AND 1997
(IN THOUSANDS)
(UNAUDITED)
1998 1997
-------- -------
Operating activities:
Net income............................................... $ 1,484 $ (881)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operat-
ing activities:
Depreciation and amortization............................ 1,258 565
Provision for doubtful accounts, net of write-offs and
recoveries.............................................. -- 312
Other.................................................... 49 --
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect
of foreign exchange rate changes:
Accounts receivable...................................... (6,454) (3,033)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets................ (50) (198)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses, compensation and
benefits................................................ 639 4,000
Deferred revenue......................................... 966 3,197
Deposits and other assets................................ (3) (3)
-------- -------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities.... (2,111) 3,959
Investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment.................... (2,492) (1,748)
Increase in capitalized software......................... -- (900)
-------- -------
Net cash used in investing............................. (2,492) (2,648)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of Class A Common Stock............... 48,950 --
Repayments on short-term line of credit, net............. (4,508) --
Proceeds from payments on notes receivable............... -- 40
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable.................. 862 712
Principal payments on notes payable...................... (4,211) (277)
-------- -------
Net cash provided by financing activities.............. 41,093 475
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash........ (20) (51)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents.................. 36,470 1,735
-------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year............... 3,506 1,686
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period................... $ 39,976 $ 3,421
======== =======
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing
activities:
Retirement of treasury stock............................. $ 193 $ 195
======== =======
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for interest................... $ 536 $ 134
======== =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial
Statements.
4
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION.
The consolidated balance sheet of Microstrategy Incorporated as of June 30,
1998, the related consolidated statements of operations for the three month
and six month periods ended June 30, 1998 and 1997, and the consolidated
statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997 are
unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal
recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation of such financial
statements have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative
of results for a full year.
The consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as required by
Form 10-Q and do not contain certain information included in the Company's
annual financial statements and notes. These financial statements should be
read in conjunction with the Company's audited financial statements and the
notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 1997 filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission.
2. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING.
On June 16, 1998, the Company issued 4.6 million shares of Class A Common
Stock in an initial public offering raising approximately $48.7 million (the
"Initial Public Offering"). The holders of Class A Common Stock generally have
rights identical to those of holders of Class B Common Stock, except that
holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share while
holders of Class B Common Stock are entitled to ten votes per share on all
matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.
3. RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS.
As of June 30, 1998, the Company has adopted Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income," which
requires additional disclosures with respect to certain changes in assets and
liabilities that previously were not required to be reported as results of
operations for the period. In addition, SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about
Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" was issued, which
establishes standards for the manner in which public companies report
information about operating segments, products and services, geographic areas
and major customers in annual and interim financial statements. SFAS No. 131
will be effective for the Company's filing on Form 10-K for the year ending
December 31, 1998.
4. USE OF ESTIMATES.
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial
statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
5. INCOME TAXES.
Prior to the Initial Public Offering, the Company had elected to be treated
for federal and state income tax purposes as a Subchapter S corporation. Under
Subchapter S, the taxable income or loss is reported by the stockholders and,
accordingly, no federal or state income taxes had been provided in the
financial statements prior to consummation of the Initial Public Offering.
In connection with the Initial Public Offering, the Company converted to a
Subchapter C corporation and, accordingly, is no longer treated as a
Subchapter S corporation for tax purposes. The Company is now subject to
federal and state income taxes and will recognize deferred taxes in accordance
with SFAS No. 109, "Accounting For Income Taxes," which the Company adopted
upon consummation of the Initial Public Offering. This
5
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
statement provides for a liability approach under which deferred income taxes
are provided based upon enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods
in which the taxes become payable. The adoption of SFAS No. 109 did not have a
material impact on the Company's operating results. As of June 30, 1998, the
Company's deferred tax assets of approximately $1.5 million consist primarily
of net operating loss carryforwards related to foreign operations. The Company
recorded a valuation allowance amounting to the entire deferred tax asset
balance due to the lack of consistent earnings in its foreign operations and
the uncertainty as to whether the deferred tax asset is realizable.
The consolidated statement of operations includes pro forma information to
reflect income taxes as if the Company had been a Subchapter C corporation for
the three months and six months ended June 30, 1998.
6. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE.
Unaudited reconciliations of the basic net income (loss) per share and
diluted net income (loss) per share computations for the three months and six
months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997 are as follows:
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, JUNE 30,
--------------------------- -------------------------
1998 1997 1998 1997
------------- ------------- ------------ ------------
BASIC NET INCOME (LOSS)
PER SHARE:
Weighted-average common
shares outstanding..... 31,836,613 29,493,873 30,885,791 29,493,873
============= ============= ============ ============
Net income (loss)....... $ 942 $ 122 $ 1,484 $ (881)
============= ============= ============ ============
Basic net income (loss)
per share.............. $ 0.03 $ 0.00 $ 0.05 $ (0.03)
============= ============= ============ ============
DILUTED NET INCOME
(LOSS) PER SHARE:
Weighted-average common
shares oustanding...... 31,836,613 29,493,873 30,885,791 29,493,873
------------- ------------- ------------ ------------
Common shares issuable
on exercise of stock
options, net of shares
assumed to be
repurchased at the
average market price... 4,808,250 2,559,614 4,531,370 --
============= ============= ============ ============
Weighted-average common
shares outstanding
assuming dilution...... 36,644,863 32,053,487 35,426,161 29,493,873
============= ============= ============ ============
Net income (loss)....... $ 942 $ 122 $ 1,484 $ (881)
============= ============= ============ ============
Diluted net income
(loss) per share....... $ 0.03 $ 0.00 $ 0.04 $ (0.03)
============= ============= ============ ============
Common stock equivalents are included in the computation of diluted net
income (loss) per share using the treasury stock method. During the six-month
period ended June 30, 1997, stock options granted by the Company to purchase
1,874,790 common shares were not included in the computation because the
effect was anti-dilutive.
Immediately prior to the Initial Public Offering, all outstanding shares of
common stock were changed and converted into shares of Class A Common Stock
and exchanged for an identical number of shares of Class B Common Stock.
7. YEAR 2000.
Many currently installed computer systems and software products are coded to
accept only two digit entries in the date code field. These date code fields
will need to accept four digit entries to distinguish 21st century dates from
20th century dates. As a result, in less than two years, computer systems and
software used by many companies may need to be upgraded to comply with such
"Year 2000" requirements. The Company has
6
MICROSTRATEGY INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
designed its products to be capable of handling four digit dates, and
therefore the Company believes that the direct impact of the Year 2000 problem
on the Company's products will not be significant. However, there can be no
assurances that the Company's current products do not contain undetected
errors or defects associated with the Year 2000 date functions that may result
in material costs to the Company. It has been widely reported that a
significant amount of "business interruption" litigation will arise out of
Year 2000 compliance issues. It is uncertain whether or to what extent the
Company may be affected by such litigation. In addition, Year 2000 issues may
significantly affect the purchasing patterns of customers and potential
customers. Many companies are expending significant resources to correct or
patch their current software systems for Year 2000 compliance. These
expenditures may result in reduced funds available to purchase software
products such as those offered by the Company.
Although the Company is not aware of any material operational issues or
costs associated with preparing its internal systems for the Year 2000, there
can be no assurances that the Company will not experience unanticipated
negative consequences and/or material costs caused by undetected errors or
defects in the technology used in its internal systems, which are composed of
the Company's own software products with respect to software and which also
include third party software and hardware technology.
7
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
The primary business of the Company following its incorporation in 1989 was
to provide software consulting services for customers to help them build
custom decision support systems. The Company's activities during 1994 and 1995
increasingly focused on the development and sale of software products,
culminating in the release of a full complement of DSS products in 1995. Since
this time, the Company has continued to focus significant resources on the
development of additional functionality and features to its DSS software
products. As a result, the Company has transitioned its primary business from
that of a provider of services to a provider of software products.
Since 1995, the Company has significantly increased its sales and marketing,
service and support, research and development and general and administrative
staffs. The Company has more than doubled its headcount each year since 1995.
At January 1, 1995, the Company had 59 employees, and at June 30, 1998, it had
751 employees. Although the Company's revenues have significantly increased in
each of the last nine quarters, the Company experienced fluctuating operating
margins during 1996, 1997 and the first half of 1998 primarily as a result of
increases in staff levels. The Company expects to continue to increase
staffing levels and incur additional associated costs in future periods. If
the Company is unable to achieve corresponding substantial revenue growth, the
Company could suffer operating losses in one or more fiscal quarters and may
be unable to forecast such losses prior to the end of any given fiscal
quarter. In addition, the Company has experienced net losses and losses from
operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1994,
and was only marginally profitable for the fiscal years ended December 31,
1997 and December 31, 1995. While the Company has experienced significant
percentage growth in revenues in recent periods and currently expects
substantial, although potentially lower, percentage growth in revenues
throughout 1998, prior percentage revenue growth rates should not be
considered as necessarily indicative of future growth rates or operating
results, and there are a number of factors that could materially affect
expected revenue and operating results for fiscal 1998 and subsequent periods.
The Company's revenues are derived from two principal sources (i) product
licenses and (ii) fees for maintenance, technical support, training and
consulting services (collectively, "product support"). Prior to January 1,
1998 the Company recognized revenue in accordance with Statement of Position
91-1, "Software Revenue Recognition." Subsequent to December 31, 1997, the
Company began recognizing revenue in accordance with Statement of Position 97-
2, "Software Revenue Recognition." Product license revenues are generally
recognized upon the execution of a contract and shipment of the related
software product, provided that no significant vendor obligations remain
outstanding and the resulting receivable is deemed collectible by management.
Maintenance revenues are derived from customer support agreements generally
entered into in connection with initial product license sales and subsequent
renewals. Fees for the Company's maintenance and support plans are recorded as
deferred revenue when billed to the customer and recognized ratably over the
term of the maintenance and support agreement, which is typically one year.
Fees for the Company's training and consulting services are recognized at the
time the services are performed.
The sales cycle for the Company's products may span six months or more.
Historically, the Company has typically recognized a substantial portion of
its revenues in the last month of a quarter, with these revenues frequently
concentrated in the last two weeks of a quarter. Even minor delays in booking
orders may have a significant adverse impact on revenues for a particular
quarter. To the extent that delays are incurred in connection with orders of
significant size, the impact will be correspondingly greater. Moreover, the
Company currently operates with virtually no order backlog because its
software products typically are shipped shortly after orders are received.
Product license revenues in any quarter are substantially dependent on orders
booked and shipped in that quarter. As a result of these and other factors,
the Company's quarterly results have varied significantly in the past and are
likely to fluctuate significantly in the future. Accordingly, the Company
believes that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of its results of operations are
not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future
period. See "Risk Factors--Potential Fluctuations in Quarterly Operating
Results."
8
The Company licenses its software through its direct sales force and
increasingly through, or in conjunction with, Value Added Resellers ("VARs")
and Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs"). Channel partners accounted for,
directly or indirectly, approximately 25.8%, 27.5%, 9.0% and 0.1% of the
Company's revenues for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and for the years
ended 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Although the Company believes that
direct sales will continue to account for a majority of product license
revenues, the Company intends to increase the level of indirect sales
activities. As a result, the Company expects that sales of its product
licenses through sales alliances, distributors, resellers and other indirect
channels will increase as a percentage of product license revenues. However,
there can be no assurance that the Company's efforts to continue to expand
indirect sales will be successful. The Company also intends to continue to
expand its international operations and has committed, and continues to
commit, significant management time and financial resources to developing
direct and indirect international sales and support channels.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the percentage of
total revenues represented by certain items reflected in the Company's
consolidated statements of operations:
THREE MONTHS ENDED SIX MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, JUNE 30,
-------------------- ------------------
1998 1997 1998 1997
--------- --------- -------- --------
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
DATA:
Revenues:
Product licenses.................. 68.3% 68.5% 69.9% 64.3%
Product support................... 31.7 31.5 30.1 35.7
--------- --------- -------- --------
Total revenues.................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
--------- --------- -------- --------
Cost of revenues:
Product licenses.................. 2.3 3.3 2.5 3.8
Product support................... 17.3 17.3 16.7 19.3
--------- --------- -------- --------
Total cost of revenues.......... 19.6 20.6 19.2 23.1
--------- --------- -------- --------
Gross margin........................ 80.4 79.4 80.8 76.9
--------- --------- -------- --------
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing............... 50.5 59.3 52.3 61.6
Research and development.......... 11.7 7.7 11.1 8.2
General and administrative........ 10.9 10.7 11.8 10.8
--------- --------- -------- --------
Total operating expenses........ 73.1 77.7 75.2 80.6
Income (loss) from operations....... 7.3 1.7 5.6 (3.7)
Interest income..................... 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1
Interest expense.................... (1.1) (0.8) (1.1) (0.8)
Other income (expense), net......... (0.2) -- (0.1) --
--------- --------- -------- --------
Provision for income taxes.......... (2.4) -- (1.3) --
--------- --------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)................... 4.0% 1.0% 3.4% (4.4)%
========= ========= ======== ========
COMPARISON OF THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1998 AND 1997
Revenues. Total revenues increased to $23.8 million for the three months
ended June 30, 1998 from $11.9 million in the three months ended June 30,
1997, representing an increase of 100.3%. Total revenues consist of revenues
derived from sales of software product licenses, services and maintenance.
There can be no assurance that total revenues will continue to increase at the
rates experienced in prior periods, if at all.
Product License Revenues. Product license revenues increased to $16.2
million for the three months ended June 30, 1998 from $8.1 million in the same
period ended June 30, 1997, representing an increase of 99.7%.
9
Product license revenues constituted 68.3% and 68.5% of total revenues for the
three months ended June 30, 1998 and the three months ended June 30, 1997,
respectively. The significant increases in the dollar amount of product
license revenues were due to growing market acceptance of the Company's
software products and continued expansion of the Company's sales and marketing
organization.
Product Support Revenues. Product support revenues increased to $7.5 million
for the three months ended June 30, 1998 from $3.7 million in the same period
ended June 30, 1997, representing an increase of 101.7%. Product support
revenues constituted 31.7% and 31.5% of total revenues for the three months
ended June 30, 1998 and the three months ended June 30, 1997, respectively.
The increases in the dollar amount of product support revenues were primarily
due to the increase in the number of DSS licenses sold. The Company expects
product support revenues as a percentage of total revenues to fluctuate on a
period to period basis but generally not to vary significantly from the
percentage of total revenues achieved in 1997 and early 1998. However, an
element of the Company's sales and marketing strategy is to leverage third-
party implementation services to enable it to more rapidly penetrate its
target market. To the extent that such efforts are successful, the Company's
product support revenues could continue to decline as a percentage of total
revenues.
International Revenues. The Company recognized $5.4 million and $3.4 million
of international revenues for the three months ended June 30, 1998, and 1997,
respectively, representing approximately 22.6% and 28.6% of total revenues,
respectively. The Company opened sales offices in Australia, Canada and Italy
in 1998; in Austria, France and the Netherlands in 1997; in Germany in 1996;
in the United Kingdom in 1995; and in Spain in 1994.
Costs and Expenses
Cost of Product License Revenues. Cost of product license revenues consists
primarily of the costs of product manuals, media, amortization of capitalized
software and shipping paid to third parties. Cost of product license revenues
was $0.6 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 1998 and
the three months ended June 30, 1997, respectively, representing 3.4% and 4.9%
of total product license revenues, respectively. The increases in dollar
amounts of the Company's cost of product licenses are directly attributable to
the increases in the Company's product license revenues coupled with the
amortization of capitalized software. The total cost of product license
revenues as a percentage of revenues decreased during the three months ended
June 30, 1998 from the three months ended June 30, 1997, due to economies of
scale realized by producing larger volumes of product materials and an
increasing number of customers reproducing licenses at their sites. The
Company anticipates that the cost of product license revenues will increase in
dollar amount as license fee revenues increase, but remain relatively constant
as a percentage of product license revenues. However, in the event that the
Company enters into any royalty arrangements in the future, cost of product
license revenues as a percentage of total product license revenues may
increase.
Cost of Product Support Revenues. Cost of product support revenues consists
of the costs of providing telephone support, training and consulting services
to customers and partners. Cost of product support revenues was $4.1 million
and $2.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 1998 and the three
months ended June 30, 1997, respectively, representing 54.5% and 55.0% of
total product support revenues, respectively. The dollar increase in cost of
product support revenues was primarily due to the increase in the number of
personnel providing consulting, training, and telephone support to customers
and to the training and related costs associated with increasing personnel
levels. Despite the increases in personnel and other costs in the three months
ended June 30, 1998, the total cost of product support revenues remained
constant as a percentage of revenues during the three months ended June 30,
1998 from the three months ended June 30, 1997, primarily due to increases in
maintenance revenues which typically do not require proportionate increases in
the costs required to perform associated maintenance services. The Company
expects to continue to increase the number of training and implementation
consultants in the future, as well as technical support personnel. To the
extent that the Company's product support revenues do not increase at
anticipated rates, the hiring of additional consultants and technical support
personnel could increase the cost of product support revenues as a percentage
of product support revenues.
10
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses include personnel
costs, commissions, office facilities, travel, promotional events such as
trade shows, seminars and technical conferences, advertising and public
relations programs. Sales and marketing expenses were $12.0 million and $7.0
million for the three months ended June 30, 1998 and the three months ended
June 30, 1997, respectively, representing 50.5% and 59.3% of total revenues,
respectively. The significant increase in sales and marketing expenses in
dollar amounts in the three months ended June 30, 1998 was primarily due to
increased staffing as the Company established new domestic and international
sales offices and expanded its existing direct sales force, and to a lesser
extent, increased commissions to sales representatives as a result of
increased sales of software licenses and increased promotional activities
relating to the announcement of certain product enhancements or releases. The
Company believes that it is critically important to gain market share among
high-end customers. The Company has invested and will continue to invest
heavily in sales and marketing in order to create better market awareness of
the value-added potential of DSS products and to acquire market share. The
Company believes that the dollar amount of sales and marketing expenses will
continue to increase, but should probably decrease over time as a percentage
of total revenues from the levels experienced in 1997.
Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses consist
primarily of salaries and benefits of software engineering personnel, payments
to contract programmers, depreciation of equipment and expendable equipment
purchases. Research and development expenses were $2.8 million and $0.9
million in the three months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997, respectively,
representing 11.7% and 7.7% of total revenues, respectively. The increases in
research and development expenses were primarily due to additional hiring of
research and development personnel. The company expects that research and
development expenses will continue to increase in dollar amount as the Company
continues to invest in developing new products, applications and product
enhancements. In 1997, in accordance with SFAS No. 86, the Company capitalized
research and development costs due to the significant increase in product
development activities associated with the version 5.0 release of the
Company's DSS software product line. As a result, the Company capitalized
approximately $0.5 million of research and development costs during the three
months ended June 30, 1997. During the three months ended June 30, 1998, in
accordance with SFAS No. 86, the costs incurred between the establishment of
technological feasibility and general availability of the Company's products
were not material and therefore have been expensed rather than capitalized.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses
include the personnel and other costs of the finance, human resources,
information systems, administrative and executive departments of the Company
as well as outside professional fees. General and administrative expenses were
$2.6 million and $1.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 1998 and the
three months ended June 30, 1997, respectively, representing 10.9% and 10.7%
of total revenues, respectively. The increases in the dollar amount of general
and administrative expenses were primarily the result of increased staff
levels and related costs associated with the growth of the Company's business
during these periods. Although the Company expects that the dollar amount of
general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in the
foreseeable future, such expenses are not expected to significantly vary as a
percentage of total revenues in the future.
Provision for Income Taxes. Prior to consummation of the Initial Public
Offering, the Company had elected to be treated as a Subchapter S corporation
for federal and state income tax purposes. Under Subchapter S, the Company's
income was allocated and taxable to the Company's individual stockholders
rather than to the Company. Accordingly, no federal or state income taxes have
been provided for in the financial statements, prior to consummation of the
Initial Public Offering.
The Company's S corporation status terminated shortly prior to consummation
of the Initial Public Offering at which time the Company became subject to
federal and state corporate income taxation as a Subchapter C corporation. As
a result, the Company will now account for income taxes as a Subchapter C
corporation and has adopted SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes." The
Company recorded income tax expense of $0.6 million for the three months ended
June 30, 1998. The adoption of SFAS No. 109 did not have a material impact on
the Company's operating results. As of June 30, 1998, the Company's deferred
tax assets of approximately
11
$1.5 million consist primarily of net operating loss carryforwards related to
foreign operations. The Company recorded a valuation allowance amounting to
the entire deferred tax asset balance due to the lack of consistent earnings
in its foreign operations and the uncertainty as to whether the deferred tax
asset is realizable. The Company's effective tax rate for the period ended
June 30, 1998 was 38%.
COMPARISON OF SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1998 AND 1997
Revenues. Total revenues increased 118.3% to $43.7 million for the six
months ended June 30, 1998 from $20.0 million for the six months ended June
30, 1997.
Product License Revenues. Product license revenues increased 137.3% to $30.5
million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 from $12.9 million for the six
months ended June 30, 1997, representing 69.9% and 64.3% of total revenues for
the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The significant
increases in product license revenues were due to growing market acceptance of
the Company's software products and continued expansion of the Company's sales
and marketing organization.
Product Support Revenues. Product support revenues increased 84.1% to $13.2
million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 from $7.1 million for the six
months ended June 30, 1997, representing 30.1% and 35.7% of total revenues for
the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The increase in the
dollar amount of product support revenues was primarily due to the increase in
the number of DSS licenses sold. However, product support revenues decreased
as a percentage of total revenues during these periods primarily due to the
transition of the Company's business from a provider of consulting services to
a provider of software products.
International Revenues. The Company recognized $9.6 million and $4.7 million
of international revenues in the six months ended June 30, 1998 and June 30,
1997, representing approximately 21.9% and 23.6% of total revenues,
respectively.
Costs and Expenses
Cost of Product License Revenues. Cost of product license revenues increased
to $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 from $0.8 million for
the same period ended June 30, 1997, representing 3.6% and 5.9% of total
product license revenues, respectively. The increase in the Company's cost of
product licenses was directly attributable to the increases in the Company's
product license revenue, coupled with the amortization of capitalized
software. The total cost of product license revenues as a percentage of
revenues decreased during the first half of 1998 from the same period in 1997,
due to economies of scale realized by producing larger volumes of product
materials and an increasing number of customers reproducing licenses at their
sites.
Cost of Product Support Revenues. Cost of product support revenues increased
to $7.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 from $3.9 million for
the same period ended June 30, 1997, representing 55.3% and 54.0% of total
product support revenues, respectively. The increase in the Company's cost of
product support revenues in 1998 was primarily due to the increase in the
number of personnel providing consulting, training, and telephone support to
customers and to the training and related costs associated with increasing
personnel levels.
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased to
$22.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 from $12.3 million for
the same period ended June 30, 1997, representing 52.3% and 61.6% of total
revenues, respectively. The increase in sales and marketing expenses in 1998
was primarily due to increased staffing as the Company established new
international sales offices and expanded its existing direct sales force in
addition to increased commissions to sales representatives as a result of
increased sales of software licenses and increased promotional activities
relating to the announcement of certain product enhancements or releases. The
Company believes that in light of the relatively long sales cycle associated
with
12
decision support solutions and the recent emergence of the industry, it is
critically important to gain market share among high-end customers. The
Company has invested and will continue to invest heavily in sales and
marketing in order to create better market awareness of the value-added
potential of DSS products and to acquire market share.
Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses
increased to $4.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 from $1.7
million for the same period ended June 30, 1997, representing 11.1% and 8.2%
of total revenues, respectively. The increases in research and development
expenses were primarily due to additional hiring of research and development
personnel. The Company expects that research and development expenses will
continue to increase in dollar amount as the Company continues to invest in
developing new products, applications and product enhancements. In 1997, in
accordance with SFAS No. 86, the Company capitalized research and development
costs due to the significant increase in product development activities
associated with the version 5.0 release of the Company's DSS software product
line. As a result, the Company capitalized approximately $0.9 million of
research and development costs during the six months ended June 30, 1997.
During the six months ended June 30, 1998, in accordance with SFAS No. 86, the
costs incurred between the establishment of technological feasibility and
general availability of the Company's products were not material and therefore
have been expensed rather than capitalized.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses
increased to $5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 from $2.2
million for the same period ended June 30, 1997, representing 11.8% and 10.8%
of total revenues, respectively. The increase in the dollar amount of general
and administrative expenses was primarily the result of increased staffing and
related costs associated with the growth of the Company's business during
these periods.
Deferred Compensation Expense. During the six months ended June 30, 1998 the
Company granted options to purchase shares of common stock, of which options
to purchase 501,000 shares of common stock were granted at exercise prices
below fair market value. The Company will amortize approximately $1.3 million
of compensation expense relating to these options ratably over the five year
vesting period of these options. The Company will record additional
compensation expense relating to the options to be allocated across the above
expense categories, as appropriate, for the years ending December 31, 1998,
1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 of $0.2 million, $0.3 million, $0.3 million,
$0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. For the six months
ended June 30, 1998 compensation expense related to the aforementioned options
is $0.1 million.
Provision for Income Taxes. Prior to consummation of the Company's Initial
Public Offering, the Company had elected to be treated as a Subchapter S
corporation for federal and state income tax purposes. Under Subchapter S, the
Company's income was allocated and taxable to the Company's individual
stockholders rather than to the Company. Accordingly, no federal or state
income taxes have been provided for in the financial statements, prior to
consummation of the Initial Public Offering.
The Company's S corporation status terminated shortly prior to consummation
of the Initial Public Offering. The Company is now subject to federal and
state corporate income taxation as a Subchapter C corporation. As a result,
the Company has adopted SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes." The
Company recorded income tax expense of $0.6 million for the six months ended
June 30, 1998. Had the Company been taxed as a C corporation for the entire
six months ended June 30, 1998, the Company would have recorded income tax
expense of $0.8 million. The adoption of SFAS No. 109 did not have a material
impact on the Company's operating results. As of June 30, 1998, the Company's
deferred tax assets of approximately $1.5 million consist primarily of net
operating loss carryforwards related to foreign operations. The Company
recorded a valuation allowance amounting to the entire deferred tax asset
balance due to the lack of consistent earnings in its foreign operations and
the uncertainty as to whether the deferred tax asset is realizable.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
As of June 30, 1998, the Company has adopted Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income," which
requires additional disclosures with respect to certain
13
changes in assets and liabilities that previously were not required to be
reported as results of operations for the period. In addition, SFAS No. 131,
"Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" was
issued, which establishes standards for the manner in which public companies
report information about operating segments, products and services, geographic
areas and major customers in annual and interim financial statements. SFAS No.
131 will be effective for the Company's filing on Form 10-K for the year
ending December 31, 1998.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Since its inception, the Company has primarily financed its operations and
met its capital expenditure requirements through cash flows from operations
and short- and long-term borrowings. The Company raised $48.9 million, net of
IPO expenses paid to date, from its Initial Public Offering. As a result, at
June 30, 1998 and June 30, 1997, the Company had $40.0 million and $3.5
million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents.
Cash flows provided (used) by operations were $(2.1) million and $4.0
million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The
decrease in cash provided by operations in the six month period ended June 30,
1998 was primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable, offset by an
increase in accounts payable and other accrual liabilities and a net operating
loss in the six month period ended June 30, 1997.
The Company's investing activities used cash of $2.5 and $2.6 million for
the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The principal use
of cash in investing activities was for capital expenditures related to the
acquisition of computer equipment required to support expansion of the
Company's operations.
The Company's financing activities provided cash of $41.1 million and $0.5
million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The
principal source of cash from financing activities during the six-month period
ended June 30, 1998 was from the Initial Public Offering pursuant to which the
Company raised $48.9 million, net of IPO expenses paid to date, which was
offset by net principal payments on bank borrowings of $8.7 million. Prior to
the Initial Public Offering, the Company's principal source of cash from
financing activities was net borrowings from commercial lending institutions.
In December 1996, the Company entered into a loan agreement with a commercial
bank (the "Business Loan"). The Business Loan, as amended in March 1998,
provides for a $9.4 million revolving line of credit for general working
capital purposes, a $2.0 million revolving line of credit for equipment and a
$4.0 million term loan for equipment. Borrowings under the Business Loan may
not exceed 80% of eligible accounts receivable for the revolving working
capital line of credit and 80% of the cost of the asset for the revolving
equipment line of credit. The borrowings bear interest at (i) the lender's
prime rate or LIBOR plus 2.75% for the revolving line of credit and (ii) for
the equipment lines of credit (revolving and term) at the lender's prime rate
plus 0.5% or a rate equal to the yield of U.S. Treasury Bonds plus 2.65% for
loans with the three-year maturity or 2.85% for loans with a four-year
maturity. Borrowings under the Business Loan are collateralized by
substantially all of the Company's assets. In June 1998, the Company repaid
all net borrowings under the Business Loan. As of June 30, 1998, no amounts
were outstanding under the Business Loan.
The Company declared and paid a $10 million dividend to the shareholders of
the Company prior to the Initial Public Offering. The dividend was paid in the
form of promissory notes (the "Dividend Notes") prior to the termination of
the Company's S corporation election, which occurred immediately prior to the
consummation of the Initial Public Offering. The Dividend Notes have (i) a
term of one year; (ii) bear interest at the applicable federal rate for debt
obligations having a maturity of one year, which was 5.46% as of June 30,
1998, and (iii) are payable in four equal quarterly installments. The Dividend
Notes may be prepaid without penalty at any time at the option of the Company.
The Company intends to repay the Dividend Notes from cash flows generated from
operations, current available cash and cash equivalents, and, to the extent
that other sources are insufficient for this purpose, from the proceeds of the
Initial Public Offering.
The Company believes that the proceeds generated by the sale of Class A
Common Stock offered by the Company in its Initial Public Offering, the
available borrowings under the Business Loan and the cash generated internally
by operations will satisfy the Company's working capital requirements for the
foreseeable future.
14
RISK FACTORS
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operation contains a number of forward-looking statements. These statements
are based on current expectations and actual results could differ
significantly. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ are
the following:
LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY; UNCERTAINTY OF FUTURE OPERATING RESULTS
The Company did not begin shipping DSS Agent, the first product in the
Company's current product family, until 1994, and a number of the Company's
products were first introduced in 1995. Accordingly, the Company's prospects
must be considered in light of the risks and difficulties frequently
encountered by companies in the early stage of development, particularly
companies in new and rapidly evolving markets. The Company's limited operating
history makes the prediction of future operating results difficult, if not
impossible. In addition, the Company has experienced net losses and losses
from operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 1996 and December 31,
1994, and was only marginally profitable for the fiscal years ended December
31, 1997 and December 31, 1995. While the Company has experienced significant
percentage growth in revenues in recent periods, prior percentage growth rates
should not be considered as necessarily indicative of future growth rates or
operating results.
POTENTIAL FLUCTUATIONS IN QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS
The Company's operating results have in the past and are likely in the
future to vary significantly from quarter to quarter as a result of a number
of factors, including the size and timing of significant orders, the timing of
new product announcements, changes in pricing policies by the Company and its
competitors, market acceptance of decision support software generally and of
new and enhanced versions of the Company's products in particular, the length
of the Company's sales cycles, changes in operating expenses, personnel
changes, the Company's success in expanding its direct sales force and
indirect distribution channels, the pace and success of international
expansion, delays or deferrals of customer implementation and foreign currency
exchange rates. Fluctuations in quarterly operating results may in turn
produce fluctuations in annual revenues and operating results.
The Company's product revenues are not predictable with any significant
degree of certainty. Historically, the Company has typically recognized a
substantial portion of its revenues in the last month of a quarter, with these
revenues frequently concentrated in the last two weeks of a quarter. Even
minor delays in booking orders may have a significant adverse impact on
revenues for a particular quarter. To the extent that delays are incurred in
connection with orders of significant size, the impact will be correspondingly
greater. Moreover, the Company currently operates with virtually no order
backlog because its software products typically are shipped shortly after
orders are received. As a result, product license revenues in any quarter are
substantially dependent on orders booked and shipped in that quarter. Product
license revenues are also difficult to forecast because the market for the
Company's products is rapidly evolving, and sales cycles, which may last many
months, vary substantially from customer to customer. The sales cycle is
subject to a number of factors over which the Company has little or no
control, including customers' budgetary constraints, the timing of budget
cycles, concerns about the introduction of new products by the Company or its
competitors and potential downturns in general economic conditions, which may
be associated with reductions in demand for management information systems.
Product support revenues depend in substantial part on maintenance revenues
from existing customers, and to the extent that existing customers do not
require ongoing maintenance, revenues would be adversely affected. Seasonal
factors may also impact revenue trends as, for example, European sales may
tend to be relatively lower during the summer months than during other
periods.
In light of the planned expansion of the Company's business, the Company
anticipates substantial increases in operating costs and expenses, including
costs and expenses to be incurred in connection with expansion of its
technical support, research and development and sales and marketing
organizations. Substantial resources are also expected to be devoted to the
expansion of indirect sales channels and international operations. The
15
Company's operating expenses are budgeted on anticipated revenue trends, and
achieving expense reductions (or even reductions in the rate of expense
growth) may not be possible in the short term, irrespective of whether actual
revenue growth is commensurate with the budgeted growth on which expense
levels are based. As a result, variations in the timing and amounts of revenue
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's quarterly operating
results.
Based upon all of the factors described above, the Company believes that its
quarterly revenues, expenses and operating results are likely to vary
significantly in the future, that period-to-period comparisons of its
operating results are not necessarily meaningful and that, in any event, such
comparisons should not be relied upon as indications of future performance.
Furthermore, it is possible that in some future quarters the Company's
operating results will fall below the expectations of the Company, market
analysts and investors. In such event, the price of the Class A Common Stock
would likely be materially and adversely affected.
LENGTHY SALES AND IMPLEMENTATION CYCLES
The licensing of the Company's software products is often an enterprise-wide
decision by prospective customers and generally involves a significant
commitment of capital and other resources. The period of time between initial
customer contact and an actual sales order may therefore span six months or
more as customers seek approval within their organizations for large capital
expenditures and implementation of mission-critical technology. During the
course of this sales cycle, the competitive environment in which the Company
operates may change significantly, due, for example, to the introduction of
new products by other industry participants. Customers' budgetary and
purchasing priorities may also change significantly during the course of the
sales cycle. These factors may in turn have a significant impact on the
duration or magnitude of a customer's planned purchasing program. In addition,
the time required to deploy the Company's products can vary significantly with
the needs of each customer and the complexity of the customer's data
warehousing requirements. The deployment process generally extends for several
months and may involve a pilot implementation of the Company's software
products. The complexity of customer requirements, typically involving
integration of databases, hardware and software provided by multiple vendors,
may also cause the Company on occasion to experience difficulty implementing
its products. There can be no assurance that the Company will not experience
delays in the implementation of orders in the future or that third parties
will be able to successfully install the Company's products. Any delays in the
implementation of the Company's products could have a material adverse effect
on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
COMPETITION
The markets for decision support and Internet-based information services are
intensely competitive and subject to rapidly changing technology. The
Company's most direct competitors in these markets are providers of decision
support software, push products, browsers with webcasting functionality,
electronic and Internet commerce systems, vertical Internet information
systems, wireless communications products, on-line service providers ("OSPs")
and event-driven technology. Many of these competitors are offering (or may
soon offer) products and services that may compete with the Company's
information analysis and soon-to-be-released information broadcasting
products. The bases of competition in these markets include volume and type of
information accessed, timeliness of information delivery, degree of
personalization, range of information delivery media, quality of presentation,
price/performance sophistication of notification events and ease of
implementation.
The Company's competitors in the decision support market fall generally into
the following categories: (i) vendors of relational online analytical
processing ("ROLAP") software such as Information Advantage, Inc. and Platinum
Technologies Corporation; (ii) vendors of desktop on-line analytical
processing ("OLAP") software such as Business Objects S.A. and Cognos
Incorporated; and (iii) vendors of multidimensional OLAP software such as
Oracle Corporation, Arbor Software Corporation (which has entered into a
strategic relationship with International Business Machines ("IBM")), Seagate
Software, Inc. ("Seagate") and SAS Institute Incorporated ("SAS"). The Company
anticipates continued growth and competition in the decision support software
market
16
and the entrance of new competitors into this market in the future. Such new
competitors may include Microsoft Corporation ("Microsoft"), which has
indicated that it may introduce certain products in 1998 that may overlap to
some extent with the functionality of the Company's products.
Push product vendors such as PointCast Incorporated ("PointCast"), Marimba,
Inc. ("Marimba") and BackWeb Technologies Inc. ("BackWeb") offer technologies
that deliver information over the Internet to recipients via Web-browsers and
proprietary interfaces. Vendors of push products are focused generally on the
delivery of text-based information, such as news and sports, but often include
some level of numeric information such as stock price updates. Moreover,
Marimba has entered into technology partnerships that will extend the scope of
its offering to include the delivery of information and analysis from
relational data sources, which could provide the Company with increased
competition.
Web-browsers with channels or webcasting functionality, such as Microsoft
Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator, provide an infrastructure for
automatically updating a set of information on a recipient's computer.
Although this infrastructure is used by the Company to enhance the
functionality of its DSS Web product line, webcasting and desktop channels
offer an alternative information delivery infrastructure to the Company's DSS
Broadcaster product line.
Products and turn-key solutions for electronic commerce, Internet commerce
and electronic business, such as those provided by IBM, Open Market Inc.,
USWEB Corp. ("U.S. Web"), Silicon Valley Internet Partners ("SVIP") and Sun
Microsystems ("Sun"), provide a set of functionality that could be used to
implement Internet-based information services. To the extent that these
information products sell information and analysis from relational databases
they will compete with the Company's products.
Vertical Internet information systems, including Microsoft Expedia,
Microsoft Investor, StockBoss, Microsoft CarPoint, Mercury Mail, TechWeb,
ESavers (US Airways, Inc.), C.O.O.L. (Continental Airlines, Inc.), and
Internet Travel Network, have developed custom applications and products for
the commercialization, analysis and delivery of specific information via the
Internet. These systems are generally tailored to a particular application and
built in a fashion that is difficult to leverage into other applications.
These systems represent competition, in that they provide similar
functionality to applications developed using the Company's products.
Wireless communications and messaging providers, such as AT&T Corp.
("AT&T"), Nextel Communications ("Nextel"), Sprint Corporation ("Sprint"), MCI
Communications Corporation ("MCI"), WorldCom, Inc. ("WorldCom"), Tridium Corp.
("Tridium"), PageNet, Inc. ("PageNet") and SkyTel Corp. ("SkyTel"), offer a
variety of alpha enabled mobile phones and pagers. It is possible that these
companies will implement custom-developed information services for consumers
of their mobile phones and pagers that will compete with applications using
the Company's products and services.
OSPs include companies such as America Online, Inc. ("America Online"),
Microsoft's Microsoft Network ("MSN"), Prodigy, Inc. ("Prodigy"), @ Home
Network ("@Home") and WebTV Networks, Inc. ("WebTV") (acquired by Microsoft)
that provide text-based content, such as news and sports, over the Internet
and on proprietary online services. The potential exists for these companies
to implement applications that overlap with the functionality provided by the
Company.
Providers of event notification systems include companies such as TIBCO
Finance Technology Inc. ("TIBCO"), which markets a product that monitors stock
tickers and notifies subscribers when preset thresholds are crossed; Clarify
Inc. ("Clarify"), which handles loan applications with a financial system
developed by SAP AG; BEA Systems, Inc. ("BEA Systems"), which provides
middleware; and Vitria Technology Inc. ("Vitria Technology") which provides
event-based workflow software. The systems for event-driven notification
provided by these companies at present and in the future may result in
technology that overlaps with that provided by the Company.
The Company believes that it differentiates itself from other industry
participants by offering comprehensive support for all significant relational
database platforms. If a single vendor wins a substantial share of the
17
relational database market, the Company may find it more difficult to
differentiate its offerings from its competitors, which may materially
adversely affect the Company's business, operating results and financial
condition.
Many of the Company's competitors have longer operating histories,
significantly greater financial, technical, marketing or other resources, or
greater name recognition than the Company. In addition, many of the Company's
competitors have well established relationships with current and potential
customers and extensive knowledge of the data warehouse industry. As a result,
these competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging
technologies and changes in customer requirements, or to devote greater
resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products, than can
the Company. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced
gross margins and loss of market share. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to compete successfully against current and future
competitors or that competitive pressures faced by the Company will not
materially adversely affect its business, operating results and financial
condition.
Current and potential competitors may make strategic acquisitions or
establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties,
thereby increasing their ability to address the needs of the Company's
prospective customers. The Company's current or future indirect channel
partners may establish cooperative relationships with current or potential
competitors of the Company, thereby limiting the Company's ability to sell its
products through particular distribution channels. Accordingly, it is possible
that new competitors or alliances among current and new competitors may emerge
and rapidly gain significant market share. Such competition could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's margins and its ability to obtain
maintenance revenues for new and existing product licenses on favorable terms.
MANAGEMENT OF GROWTH
The Company is experiencing rapid expansion in all areas of its operations,
and the Company anticipates that this expansion will continue. The total
number of Company employees grew from 59 on January 1, 1995 to 751 on June 30,
1998, and further significant increases in the number of employees are
anticipated. The Company's growth has placed, and is expected to continue to
place, significant demands on its administrative, operational, financial, and
personnel resources. In particular, the Company expects that current and
planned expansion of international operations will lead to increased financial
and administrative demands, such as increased operational complexity
associated with expanded facilities, administrative burdens associated with
managing an increasing number of relationships with foreign partners, and
expanded treasury functions to manage foreign currency risks. The Company may
also be required to expand its support organization significantly to further
develop indirect distribution channels that penetrate different and broader
markets and to accommodate growth in the Company's installed customer base.
The failure of the Company to manage its expansion effectively could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and
financial condition.
NEED TO RECRUIT ADDITIONAL SKILLED PERSONNEL; DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL
The Company's future success depends upon its continuing ability to attract,
train, assimilate and retain highly qualified personnel. Competition for such
personnel in the software industry is intense, and there can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to retain its key employees or that it can
attract, train, assimilate or retain other highly qualified personnel in the
future. The Company's success also depends in large part on the continued
service of its key management personnel, particularly Michael J. Saylor, the
Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, and Sanju K. Bansal, the
Company's Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. The loss of
the services of one or more of these individuals or other key personnel could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results
and financial condition.
DEPENDENCE ON NEW VERSIONS, NEW PRODUCTS AND RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
The market for the Company's products is characterized by rapid
technological change, frequent new product introductions and enhancements,
uncertain product life cycles, changing customer demands and evolving
18
industry standards. The introduction of products embodying new technologies
and the emergence of new industry standards can render existing products
obsolete and unmarketable. Emergence of new standards in related fields may
also have an adverse effect on existing products. This could be the case, for
example, if new Web protocols were to emerge that were incompatible with
deployment of the Company's DSS applications over the Web. Although the
Company's DSS solutions allow the core database component to reside on nearly
all enterprise server hardware and operating system combinations (Mainframe,
AS/400, Unix, Windows NT, Windows), the Company's application server component
currently runs only on the Windows NT operating system. Therefore, the
Company's ability to increase sales of its products may depend on the
continued acceptance of the Windows NT operating system. To the extent that
potential customers use Unix operating systems as their application server,
the Company would be precluded from addressing that segment of the DSS
application market. The development of a Unix product would require a
substantial investment of resources by the Company and there is no assurance
that such a product could be introduced on a timely or cost effective basis or
at all.
The Company believes that its future success will depend in large part on
its ability to continue to support a number of popular operating systems and
databases, and on its ability to maintain and improve its current product line
and to develop new products on a timely basis that achieve market acceptance,
maintain technological competitiveness and meet an expanding range of customer
requirements. As a result of the complexities inherent in DSS applications,
major new products and product enhancements can require long development and
testing periods. In addition, customers may delay their purchasing decisions
in anticipation of the general availability of new or enhanced versions of the
Company's products. Moreover, to date the Company has had only a limited
number of customers who have deployed its products in environments that
involve terabytes of data and thousands of active users, and widespread
deployment in these complex environments may create unexpected delays or other
difficulties. As a result, significant delays in the general availability of
such new releases or significant problems in the installation or
implementation of such new releases could have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. There can
be no assurance that the Company will be successful in developing and
marketing, on a timely and cost effective basis, product enhancements or new
products that respond to technological change, evolving industry standards or
customer requirements, that the Company will not experience difficulties that
could delay or prevent the successful development, introduction or marketing
of these enhancements or that the Company's new products and product
enhancements will achieve market acceptance.
DEPENDENCE ON GROWTH OF MARKET FOR DECISION SUPPORT SOFTWARE
All of the Company's revenues have been attributable to the sale of decision
support software and related maintenance, consulting and training services,
and such software and services are expected to account for the Company's
revenues for the foreseeable future. Although demand for decision support
software has grown in recent years, the market for decision support software
applications is still emerging. Further development of the market may be
impaired by, among other factors, resistance from consumer and privacy groups
to increased commercial collection and use of data regarding spending and
other personal behavior patterns. There can be no assurance that the market
will continue to grow or that, even if the market does grow, businesses will
adopt the Company's solutions. The Company has spent, and intends to continue
to spend, considerable resources educating potential customers about decision
support software generally and the Company's solutions in particular. However,
there can be no assurance that such expenditures will enable the Company's
products to achieve any additional degree of market acceptance and, if the
market fails to grow or grows more slowly than the Company currently
anticipates, the Company's business, operating results and financial condition
would be materially adversely affected.
CONTROL BY EXISTING STOCKHOLDERS; ANTI-TAKEOVER EFFECT OF DUAL CLASSES OF
COMMON STOCK
Holders of the Company's Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per
share and holders of the Company's Class B Common Stock are entitled to ten
votes per share. As of June 30, 1988, the Company's Class B Common Stock
shareholders owned or controled 30,735,514 shares of Class B Common Stock
representing 98.5% of the voting power of the Company. Michael J. Saylor, the
Company's Chairman, President
19
and Chief Executive Officer, through his sole ownership and control of
Alcantara LLC, will control 22,574,662 shares of Class B Common Stock
representing 72.3% of the voting power of the Company. Accordingly, Mr. Saylor
will be able to control the Company through his ability to determine the
outcome of elections of the Company's directors, amend the Company's
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and take certain other actions
requiring the vote or consent of stockholders, including mergers, going
private transactions and other extraordinary transactions and the terms
thereof.
The Company's Certificate of Incorporation permits holders of Class B Common
Stock to transfer shares of Class B Common Stock, subject to approval of the
holders of a majority of the outstanding Class B Common Stock. Mr. Saylor or a
group of stockholders possessing a majority of the outstanding Class B Common
Stock could, without seeking other approval, transfer voting control of the
Company to a third party. Transfer of voting control to such a transferee
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business prospects and
financial condition. Mr. Saylor will also be able to prevent a change of
control of the Company, regardless of whether holders of Class A Common Stock
might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over the then-current
market price.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Company regards its software products as proprietary and relies
primarily on a combination of statutory and common law copyright, trademark
and trade secret laws, customer licensing agreements, employee and third-party
nondisclosure agreements and other methods to protect its proprietary rights.
These laws and contractual provisions provide only limited protection of the
Company's proprietary rights. The Company has no patents or patent
applications pending and has no registered trademarks (other than
MicroStrategy, QuickStrike, EISToolkit and Strategy System) or registered
copyrights (other than the EISToolkit 2.0 reference manual). Despite the
Company's efforts to protect its proprietary rights, it may be possible for a
third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use the Company's technology
without authorization or to develop similar technology independently.
Furthermore, the laws of certain countries in which the Company sells its
products do not protect the Company's software and intellectual property
rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. If unauthorized
copying or misuse of the Company's products were to occur to any substantial
degree, the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition
could be materially adversely affected. There can be no assurance that the
Company's means of protecting its proprietary rights will be adequate or that
the Company's competitors will not independently develop similar technology.
There can be no assurance in the future that a third party will not claim
that the Company's technology infringes its proprietary rights. As the number
of software products in the Company's target market increases and the
functionality of these products further overlap, the Company believes that
software developers may become increasingly subject to infringement claims.
Any such claims, whether with or without merit, can be time consuming and
expensive to defend. There can be no assurance that third parties will not
assert infringement claims against the Company in the future with respect to
its current or future products or that any such assertion will not require the
Company to enter into royalty arrangements or litigation that could be costly
to the Company.
INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS
International sales accounted for 21.9%, 26.6%, 11.1%, and 11.3% of the
Company's total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and for the
fiscal years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The Company
intends to continue to expand its international operations and enter
additional international markets. Such expansion will require significant
management attention and financial resources and could adversely affect the
Company's business, operating results or financial condition. In order to
expand international sales successfully in 1998 and subsequent periods, the
Company must establish additional foreign operations, hire additional
personnel and recruit additional international resellers and distributors.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to do so in a timely
manner, which may limit the Company's growth in international sales. In
addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain
or increase international market demand for the Company's products. In
addition to the foreign currency risks described
20
below, other risks inherent in the Company's international business activities
generally include unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and
other trade barriers, costs of localizing products for foreign countries, lack
of acceptance of localized products in foreign countries, longer accounts
receivable payment cycles, difficulties in managing international operations,
potentially adverse tax consequences including restrictions on the
repatriation of earnings, weaker intellectual property protection and the
burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws. Such factors may have
a material adverse effect on the Company's future international sales and,
consequently, the Company's results of operations.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Future sales of Class A Common Stock could adversely affect the market price
of the Class A Common Stock. Several of the Company's principal stockholders
hold a significant portion of the outstanding Class B Common Stock, and a
decision by one or more of these stockholders to convert such shares into
Class A Common Stock (which conversion may take place at any time) and sell
their shares could adversely affect the market price of the Class A Common
Stock. The shares of Class A Common Stock are freely tradeable without
restriction in the public market, except for shares purchased by "affiliates"
of the Company. The holders of all the shares of Class B Common Stock (which
may be converted into Class A Common Stock at any time) have entered into
agreements with the Underwriters (the "Lock-up Agreements") which will provide
that, until December 9, 1998, they will not offer, sell, contract to sell or
otherwise dispose of any shares of Class A Common Stock or securities of the
Company which are substantially similar to the shares of Class A Common Stock
or which are convertible into or exchangeable for, or represent the right to
receive, shares of Class A Common Stock without the prior written consent of
the representatives of the Underwriters. Upon the expiration of the Lock-up
Agreements, a substantial majority of the shares covered by the Lock-up
Agreements will be eligible for sale pursuant to Rule 144.
The Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-8 in June 1998
registering the 8,000,000, 300,000, 200,000 and 400,000 shares of Class A
Common Stock that are issuable upon the exercise of stock options either
outstanding or available for grant pursuant to the Company's 1996 Stock Plan
("1996 Stock Plan"), 1997 Stock Option Plan for French Employees ("French
Plan"), 1997 Director Option Plan ("Director Option Plan") and the 1998
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan" and together with the 1996
Stock Plan, the French Plan and the Director Option Plan, the "Company Stock
Plans"), respectively. Consistent with the terms of the Company Stock Plans,
holders of options will be unable to sell any shares of Class A Common Stock
received upon the exercise of options granted thereunder until December 9,
1998, and no shares will be acquired under the Purchase Plan prior to January
31, 1999. Options granted under the 1997 Director Option Plan do not generally
begin to vest until October 1998. Following effectiveness, shares covered by
the Registration Statement on Form S-8 will be eligible for sale in the public
markets, subject to Rule 144 limitations applicable to affiliates as well as
to the limitations on sale and vesting described above.
21
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
None
Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds S-K 701(f)
The Company sold 4,440,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock, $.001 par
value, on June 16, 1998 pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. 333-49899), which was declared effective by the Securities
Exchange Commission on June 10, 1998 (the "Effective Date"). Certain
stockholders of the Company sold an aggregate of 160,000 shares of Class A
Common Stock pursuant to such registration statement. The managing
underwriters of the offering were Merrill Lynch & Co., Hambrecht & Quist, and
Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. The aggregate gross proceeds raised in
the offering from the sale of Class A Common Stock by the Company and the
selling stockholders were $53.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The
Company's total expenses in connection with the offering were approximately
$4.6 million, of which $3.7 million was for underwriting discounts and
commissions and, based on the Company's reasonable estimate, approximately
$0.9 million was for other expenses. The Company's net proceeds from the
offering were approximately $48.7 million. From the Effective Date through
August 14, 1998, the Company used $13.6 million of such net proceeds to repay
all net borrowings under the Business Loan. In addition, the Company used $2.5
million of such net proceeds to repay a portion of the borrowings under the
Company's $10.0 Dividend Notes which were issued to certain shareholders of
the Company prior to the consummation of the offering. Approximately $2.4
million of the $2.5 million dividend payment was paid to certain officers,
directors and 10% shareholders of the Company. As of August 14, 1998 the
Company had approximately $32.6 million of proceeds remaining from the
Offering, and pending use of the proceeds, the Company intends to invest such
proceeds primarily in investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments.
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
None
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None
Item 5. Other Information
None
Item 6. A. Exhibits
3.1 Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
Company.
3.2 Form of Restated Bylaws of the Company.
4.1 Form of Certificate of Class A Common Stock of the Company.
27 Financial Data Schedule
B. Reports on Form 8-K
None
All other items are omitted because they are not applicable or the answers
are none.
22
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULES
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- ------- -----------
3.1 Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company. *
3.2 Form of Restated Bylaws of the Company. *
4.1 Form of Certificate of Class A Common Stock of the Company. *
27 Financial Data Schedule. Filed Herewith
- --------
*Filed with the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No.
333-49899), and incorporated herein by reference.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
23
SIGNATURES
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THE
REGISTRANT HAS DULY CAUSED THIS REPORT TO BE SIGNED ON ITS BEHALF BY THE
UNDERSIGNED, THEREUNTO DULY AUTHORIZED.
Microstrategy Incorporated
/s/ Michael J. Saylor
By___________________________________
Michael J. Saylor
Chief Executive Officer and
President
/s/ Mark S. Lynch
By___________________________________
Mark S. Lynch
Chief Financial Officer
Date: August 14, 1998
24