Buckslip

VANGUARD'S PROXY VOTING DEADLINE APPROACHES


YOU CAN STILL MAKE SURE YOUR VOICE IS HEARD AT VANGUARD'S SHAREHOLDER MEETING ON
JULY 2, 2009.

No matter how many  shares you own,  your vote is  important.  You can also help
avoid the considerable expense of a second proxy solicitation.

If you have not already cast your ballot, you can vote electronically by logging
on to www.proxy-direct.com/vanguard  and following the on-screen directions. Or,
if you prefer, you can vote by phone (toll-free at 866-241-6192), by mail, or by
attending the shareholder meeting in Scottsdale, Arizona.


                                                                        [   ]
                                                                         VOTE


(C) 2009 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.               PBKS 052009



E-mail REMINDER to hard copy proxy recipients - additional notice

[SHIP] VANGUARD(R)

Remember to vote on your fund's proxy           VOYAGER SELECT SERVICES(R)


Dear Vanguard Shareholder,

Vanguard previously sent a proxy statement to you. As it explained, you can vote
on the proposals in the proxy statement  because you owned shares in one or more
Vanguard(R) funds on the "record date" of April 6, 2009.

If you have already  voted,  thank you! It is possible that your vote was on its
way to us when this e-mail was prepared, but that we had not yet received it.

We're  encouraging  all  Vanguard  fund  shareholders  to exercise  their rights
concerning the governance of Vanguard funds by reviewing the proxy statement and
then voting as quickly as possible.  No matter how many shares are owned,  every
shareholder's  vote is  important.  If the funds do not receive  enough votes to
reach a quorum  and  conduct  the  shareholder  meeting,  they will have to send
additional  communications to shareholders to solicit more votes--a process that
would be very costly for the funds and thus for fund shareholders.

As explained in your proxy statement, you can vote in any of four ways:

(1)  Through the INTERNET at www.proxy-direct.com/vanguard.
(2)  By TELEPHONE, with a toll-free call to 1-866-241-6192.
(3)  By MAIL, using the card enclosed with your proxy statement.
(4)  IN PERSON at the  Shareholder  Meeting in Scottsdale,  Arizona,  on July 2,
     2009.

We  encourage  you to vote via the  Internet or  telephone,  using the  14-digit
control  number and  8-digit  security  code on your proxy card,  because  these
methods save the funds the most money (since they require no return postage). If
you own a joint  account at Vanguard,  please  consult with your joint  owner(s)
regarding the vote on the proposals.

We look forward to receiving your votes.

Sincerely,


F. William McNabb III
President and Chief Executive Officer

For more  information  about Vanguard  funds,  visit  www.vanguard.com,  or call
800-662-2739,  to obtain a prospectus.  Investment  objectives,  risks, charges,
expenses,  and other  important  information  about a fund are  contained in the
prospectus; read and consider it carefully before investing.

(C) 2009 The Vanguard Group, Inc.  All rights reserved.
Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.


OUTBOUND PROXY SCRIPT

Good morning/afternoon/evening. This is _______________ calling from Vanguard on
a recorded line. May I please speak with Mr. /Mrs. client's first and last name?


Do you have a moment to speak to me about a very  important  proxy that Vanguard
is  conducting?  You should have  received  multiple  communications  from us in
reference a proxy ballot to vote on proposals that the funds trustees are asking
shareholders  to approve.  At this point our records  indicate that you have not
exercised your right to vote.

A core part of the proposal is to elect  trustees for all Vanguard  funds and to
standardize your funds investment policies to allow Vanguard to serve your needs
most effectively in today's market environment.

It is very  important  that  Vanguard  receive your vote.  If many  shareholders
choose  not to vote and your  funds do not  achieve  a  quorum  to  conduct  the
shareholder meeting on July 2, then they will incur the considerable  expense of
a second proxy solicitation.

You can make sure your voice is heard by voting today.  I can  conference you in
with a  Computershare  representative  to take  your  vote - it will only take a
minute.

For security  reasons,  I need to verify the last four digits of you SSN and the
address on the account.

Thank you for this information  Mr./Mrs.  Client last name,  Please hold while I
transfer you. Thank you for choosing Vanguard


Third proposal - if applicable

Proposal  three is a  shareholder  proposal to  institute a procedure to prevent
holding   investments  in  companies,   that  in  the  judgment  of  the  board,
substantially  contribute to genocide or crimes against  humanity.  The trustees
recommend  that you vote against this proposal  given the fact that the proposal
only covers 30 funds and Vanguard's  currently has a procedure across all 157 of
our funds. Adoption of this proposal would simply duplicate current procedures




INBOUND PROXY SCRIPTING:

Is there anything else I can assist you with?

I would like to speak with you about a very  important  proxy that  Vanguard  is
conducting. You should have received a proxy ballot to vote on several proposals
that the funds trustees are asking  shareholders to approve.  A core part of the
proposal is to elect  trustees for all Vanguard  funds and to  standardize  your
funds investment policies to allow Vanguard to serve your needs most effectively
in today's market  environment The trustees are recommending  that  shareholders
vote for these proposals.

Third proposal - if applicable

Proposal  three is a  shareholder  proposal to  institute a procedure to prevent
holding   investments  in  companies,   that  in  the  judgment  of  the  board,
substantially  contribute to genocide or crimes against  humanity.  The trustees
recommend  that you vote against this proposal  given the fact that the proposal
only covers 30 funds and Vanguard's  currently has a procedure across all 157 of
our funds. Adoption of this proposal would simply duplicate current procedures

It is very  important  that  Vanguard  receive your vote.  If many  shareholders
choose  not to vote and your  funds do not  achieve  a  quorum  to  conduct  the
shareholder meeting on July 2, then they will incur the considerable  expense of
a second proxy solicitation.

You can make sure your voice is heard by voting today.  I can  conference you in
with a  Computershare  representative  to take  your  vote - it will only take a
minute.

Please hold while I transfer you. Thank you for choosing Vanguard