SECURE MESSAGE DEACTIVATION NOTICE

Secure message regarding electronic proxy materials has expired

[CONTENT]
The secure  message that we  previously  sent to you regarding  Vanguard's  2009
proxy has expired. Because of this, we have mailed a paper proxy ballot to you.

However, you can still vote electronically  before the proxy deadline of July 2,
2009.  Simply log on to  WWW.PROXY-DIRECT.COM/VANGUARD  and follow the on-screen
directions.

Not only is voting  online  easy and  quick,  but it will also your fund reach a
quorum and thus avoid the considerable  expense of a second proxy  solicitation.
Of course, if you prefer, you can vote by phone (toll-free at 866-241-6192),  by
mail, or by attending the shareholder meeting in Scottsdale, AZ.

Remember that every vote counts. No matter how many shares you own, your vote is
important.




[Date]

Dear Fellow Vanguard Shareholder,

I'm enclosing a ballot for Vanguard's 2009 proxy so you can make sure your voice
is heard regarding your funds' governance.

Your vote is very important. By voting before the shareholder meeting on July 2,
2009,  you can help  ensure  that  your  funds  achieve  a quorum  and avoid the
considerable expense of a second proxy mailing.

If you wish to vote online, you can log on to WWW.PROXY-DIRECT.COM/VANGUARD  and
follow the on-screen  directions.  Voting  electronically  is the easiest method
available, but if you prefer, you can vote by mail using the enclosed ballot and
postage-paid envelope; by phone (toll-free at 866-241-6192); or by attending the
shareholder meeting in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Please  vote  today.  No matter how many  shares  you own,  your vote can make a
difference.

Sincerely,

[INSERT SIGNATURE]

F. William McNabb III

President and CEO



VANGUARD'S PROXY VOTING DEADLINE IS APPROACHING

Dear Fellow Vanguard Shareholder,

You still  have time to  exercise  your  rights  concerning  governance  of your
Vanguard funds.

Although  Vanguard's  shareholder meeting is quickly  approaching,  you can make
sure your voice is heard by voting online now. It is easy and quick--just log on
to Vanguard.com and access your secure message about the proxy.

The secure  message will expire on June 8, 2009. If your vote isn't on record by
then,  you will receive a printed proxy ballot  through the mail. We hope you'll
vote now,  though,  to help your fund avoid the additional cost of mailing paper
materials.

Your prompt action will also help ensure that your funds reach a quorum. If many
shareholders  choose  not to vote and  your  funds do not  achieve  a quorum  to
conduct the shareholder meeting on July 2, then they will incur the considerable
expense of a second proxy solicitation.

Remember that every vote counts. No matter how many shares you own, your vote is
important.

Sincerely,

[Bill McNabb's signature]