UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_________
FORM 10-K/A
AMENDMENT NO. 2
_________
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [FEE REQUIRED]
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-11460
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
DELAWARE 31-1103425
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NO.)
5966 LA PLACE COURT, CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92008
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES) (ZIP CODE)
(760) 438-7400
(REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE)
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
COMMON STOCK, $.005 PAR VALUE
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
YES [X] NO [ ]
--- ---
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulations S-K (S 229.405 of this Chapter) is not contained herein and
will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive
proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K [_]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of
Registrant as of April 10, 1997, computed by reference to the closing sale price
of such stock on the American Stock Exchange, was approximately $97,000,000.
(All directors and executive officers of Registrant are considered affiliates.)
At April 10, 1997 Registrant had 23,265,000 shares of Common Stock, $.005
par value, issued and outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
1
Portions of Registrant's Annual Report to Shareholders for the period ended
December 31, 1996 are incorporated by reference into Part I of this Report.
Portions of Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its November 1997
meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this
Report.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item Page
Part I
1. Business 3
2. Properties 18
3. Legal Proceedings 19
4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 20
Part II
5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters 20
6. Selected Financial Data 21
7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations 22
8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 30
9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure 30
Part III
10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant 30
11. Executive Compensation 30
12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management 30
13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 30
Part IV
14. Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule, and Reports on
Form 8-K 31
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule F-1
3
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
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FORMATION
NTN Communications, Inc. ("NTN" or the "Company") was originally
incorporated in the State of Delaware on April 13, 1984 under the name of Alroy
Industries. Alroy completed a public offering of its common stock on November
26, 1984. On April 15, 1985, Alroy acquired all of the outstanding stock of
National Telecommunicator Network, Inc. In connection with the acquisition,
Alroy changed its name to NTN Communications, Inc.
In 1993, NTN completed a merger with New World Computing, Inc. ("New
World") pursuant to which New World became a wholly-owned subsidiary of NTN. In
1996, the Company sold all the assets of New World. At December 31, 1996, the
New World subsidiary had no remaining assets and was not engaged in any business
activities.
In 1994, the Company formed LearnStar, Inc. ("LearnStar"). In 1995, the
Company reacquired the shares of LearnStar, Inc. held by others to increase its
ownership in LearnStar to 100%. In December, 1995, the Company entered into an
agreement to sell a 45% interest in LearnStar to Associated Ventures Management,
Inc. ("Associated Ventures") In September 1996, the Company and Associated
Ventures agreed to rescind the agreement. Accordingly, LearnStar once again
became a wholly-owned subsidiary of NTN.
In 1994, the Company also formed IWN, Inc. ("IWN"), which serves as the
general partner in IWN L.P., a limited partnership engaged in the development of
interactive technology for gaming applications. IWN has no business or
operations apart from its service as a general partner of IWN L.P.
Unless otherwise indicated, references herein to "NTN" or the "Company"
include NTN and its consolidated subsidiaries, New World, LearnStar, IWN Inc.
and IWN L.P.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
On March 5, 1997, the Company announced a reorganization of its executive
management personnel in which Patrick J. Downs resigned as Chief Executive
Officer and Chairman of the Board, and Daniel C. Downs resigned as President.
Both men continue to serve on NTN's Board of Directors. In connection with the
reorganization, other personnel changes included the resignation of Mr. Ronald
Hogan as Senior Vice President and the terminations of Mr. Gerald McLaughlin,
formerly Executive Vice President, and Mr. Michael Downs, formerly President and
CEO of LearnStar. The Company has entered into separate agreements with each of
the former officers setting out the terms on which their existing contracts with
NTN will be settled. See Item 7 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for additional information, which
is incorporated herein by reference.
In March 1997. concurrent with the reorganization, Mr. Gerald Sokol, Jr.,
Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer was named President of the
Company. Mr. Ed Frazier, a director of NTN, has assumed the role of acting
Chairman of the Board. Further, the Company announced the formation of an
Executive Committee comprised of Mr. Frazier, who is a former President of
Liberty Sports, Inc. and Mr. Peter Sealey, a former Senior Vice President for
the Coca-Cola Company. The Executive Committee is responsible for developing
operational, advertising and market strategies, as well as revising the
strategic plan and developing new business opportunities for the Company. In
May 1997, the Executive Committee was dissolved.
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PRINCIPAL SERVICES AND PRODUCTS
NTN through its business units and subsidiaries, develops, produces and
distributes individual and multi-player interactive programs to a variety of
media platforms. These interactive sports, trivia games and educational
programs permit multiple viewers to participate with and simultaneously respond
to the programming content. NTN has an exclusive licensing agreement with the
National Football League ("NFL") and understandings or agreements with others to
provide interactive play-along programming, such as its proprietary QB1(R)
football game, in conjunction with live television events. The Company
broadcasts a wide variety of popular games, trivia and informational programming
to group viewing locations such as hotels, sports taverns and restaurants
through its own interactive NTN Network. In addition, NTN brings multi-player
interactive games into consumer households through personal computer on-line
services and interactive television services. NTN currently has two patents
pending with respect to its interactive technology systems. Since NTN
distributes its programs via satellite, cable, telephone and wireless
transmission technologies, its applications are independent of hardware or
technical platforms.
The Company currently provides its products and services to markets which
are in various stages of development. Each is directly related to multi-player
interactive entertainment and education programs, and are as follows:
Network Services ("Network Services", formerly referred to as
"Hospitality") - Live interactive television network ("NTN Network") featuring
sports and trivia games which are broadcast to group environments.
Online/Internet Services (Online/Internet Services", formerly referred to
as "Home") - Live interactive sports and trivia games including those currently
broadcast over the NTN Network to the home consumer market via third-party
providers, such as America On-Line, CompuServe and GTE MainStreet.
LearnStar ("LearnStar") - An interactive, multimedia, curriculum-based
educational system marketed to educational institutions. Marketed through its
wholly-owned subsidiary, LearnStar, Inc.
IWN ("IWN") - IWN is a general partner in a limited partnership that is
currently developing, interactive and transaction processing software and
technology for the gaming industry.
Although the Company has historically derived revenues from licensing it
services to companies in foreign countries ("International Licensing"), there
were no material revenues from this source in 1996. No assurances can be given
that future revenues will be received from this source.
The following is a brief description of each:
NETWORK SERVICES - Network Services represents the majority of the
Company's business, providing a 24-hour-a-day interactive television broadcast
network featuring sports, trivia and informational programming to over 2,600
hospitality sites in the U.S. and 540 sites in Canada. These sites include
restaurant chains (e.g., TGI Friday's, Ruby Tuesdays, Black Angus), national
hotel chains (e.g., Hilton, Holiday Inn, Marriott, Radisson, Sheraton), local
and regional bowling alleys, pizzerias, sports complexes, taverns and military
bases. Through various platforms including satellite, cable and wireless
transmission sources, Network Services can link its subscribers to encourage
local, regional and national competitions for its programming.
ONLINE/INTERNET SERVICES - The Company provides to the home consumer market
many of the same services as Network Services, via on-line, cable delivery and
internet services. Online/Internet Services is not dependent on any particular
technology or method of transmission to deliver its programming. In addition to
the same sports and trivia games which are currently broadcast over the NTN
Network, Online/Internet Services includes other multi-player interactive games
expressly designed for the home environment. For example, through an agreement
with America Online ("AOL"), NTN launched Trivial Pursuit Interactive in May
1996. Currently, revenues are derived from 1) play-along services, in which NTN
services are broadcast along with live events generating subscription fees from
interactive game participation, or "pay-per-play", and 2) information services,
where NTN's database is provided as a value-added information service to
subscribers who want statistical data. Customers include CompuServe, GTE
MainStreet and Bell Canada.
5
LEARNSTAR - The LearnStar product is provided to educational institutions
in the United States using NTN's proprietary software technology. With a
comprehensive library of over 1,000 interactive academic competitions covering
many subject areas, LearnStar offers teachers a new and exciting way to
encourage learning and motivation in kindergarten through 12th grade students.
IWN - IWN, was established in 1994 to develop, distribute and market
interactive and transaction services for the gaming industry. IWN is developing
the software and technology for use in gaming applications. IWN is currently
focusing on pari-mutuel wagering and sports betting. The Company has developed
the IWN Gaming Host System ("Gaming Host System"), an on-line transaction
processing engine that provides security, administration, processing and
switching services. The Gaming Host System is designed to provide the back-end
system and support for all of IWN's products, regardless of market niche
application or technical platform.
INTERNATIONAL LICENSING - The Company has licensed independent companies to
broadcast in Australia/New Zealand and South Africa. Its exclusive licensees,
NTN Australasia, Ltd. and MultiChoice, Ltd., operate broadcast centers in
Australia/New Zealand, and South Africa, respectively. Further, the Company
licenses its programs and software to NTN Interactive Network, a company located
in Canada. Licensees, except in Canada, operate their own broadcast center and
produce interactive programs specifically geared to the local culture and
society. The Canadian licensee uses the broadcast provided by the Company on
the NTN Network.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICES AND PRODUCTS
NETWORK SERVICES. Network Services is provided via the NTN Network. The
NTN Network is currently marketed primarily to public viewing locations such as
restaurant chains (e.g., TGI Friday's, Ruby Tuesdays, Black Angus), national
hotel chains (e.g., Hilton, Holiday Inn, Marriott, Radisson, Sheraton), local
and regional bowling alleys, pizzerias, sports complexes, sports taverns and
military bases ("Locations"). The NTN Network serves over 2,600 locations
throughout all 50 of the United States and over 540 sites in Canada. Locations
in Canada are further serviced and marketed to by the Company's independent
licensee, NTN Interactive Network ("NTN Canada").
The NTN Network presently features from 14 hours to 17 hours, depending on
the time zone, of interactive sports and entertainment trivia game programming
on weekdays, with extended programming hours on weekends. The balance of
broadcast time is devoted to a non-audible graphics-based service transmitting
information, including sports scores and upcoming program promotions.
Original programming for the NTN Network is developed and produced at the
Company's corporate offices in Carlsbad, California, for distribution to
Locations. The Company's facilities are equipped with video, satellite and
communications equipment, and multimedia computers. The Company can provide
simultaneous transmission of up to 16 live events for interactive play and a
multitude of interactive games and other programs, allowing distribution of
different programs to customers in different geographical locations.
The Company uses two independent services to distribute NTN programming via
satellite to customers, although it is not dependent upon either service because
there are several other providers that offer similar services. The Company
attempts to use the most effective and least expensive multiple data
transmission techniques to distribute data from the Company's facilities to
customers, including direct connect, internet transmission, and direct satellite
broadcast.
Each Location receives NTN proprietary equipment (a "Location System")
including a personal computer, a satellite data receiving unit (usually a small
satellite dish), and a minimum of ten hand-held, portable keypads
("Playmakers(R)") which players use to make their selections. During live
interactive programs, players participate in the play-along programs using two
television screens. One screen features the live broadcast from the television
network (e.g., ABC's Monday Night Football), while the second screen displays
the NTN Network program. Participants play the game by entering their selection
on Playmakers(R), which transmit a radio signal to the on-site computer or
through connection to the NTN broadcast center (the "Broadcast Center") in
Carlsbad, California. At the conclusion of the broadcast, total scores are
calculated and sent via phone lines. Within seconds, rankings are tabulated and
rankings and scores at each participating Location are transmitted back to such
Location via the NTN Network. This allows players to compete not only with
other patrons at their Location, but against all players across the nation who
are participating interactively on the Network. The following diagram depicts
the transmissions for a typical real-time, interactive game via satellite.
6
[Chart]
In addition to tabulating Playmaker(R) responses at the Location and
communicating with the Company's Broadcast Center, the Location System can
manipulate screens locally by calling up high-resolution computer generated
graphics and inserting the screens into the broadcast schedule. Accordingly, the
Company offers both national and local advertising.
Interactive Sports Game Programs. Network Services offers a variety of
---------------------------------
sports and entertainment trivia games that challenge players' skill and
knowledge and create significant customer loyalty. An example of interactive
sports programming is QB1(R), the Company's first and most renowned game
program. QB1(R) is an interactive football strategy game exclusively licensed
by the NFL, which tests a player's ability to predict an offensive team's plays
during a live televised football game. Points are awarded based on the accuracy
of the player's prediction, rather than whether the team scores or advances the
ball. The Company broadcasts QB1(R) in conjunction with every NFL game and
selected Canadian Football League and college football games.
The NTN Network presently features the following interactive sports games
programs:
7
NTN PLAY-ALONG GAMES - Interactive games played in conjunction with live,
televised events. Games include the following:
GAME DESCRIPTION
---- -----------
QB1(R) NFL licensed interactive strategy game in conjunction
with live telecasts of college and professional football
games
NTN DiamondBall(R) Major League Baseball licensed interactive strategy game
in conjunction with live telecasts of professional
baseball games
Triples(R) Interactive horse racing game in conjunction with live
telecasts of horse races
Uppercut(R) Interactive strategy game in conjunction with live
telecasts of boxing matches
NTN PowerPlay(R) National Hockey League licensed interactive strategy
game in conjunction with live telecasts of professional
hockey games
NTN FANTASY GAMES - Fantasy league games that are played in conjunction
with sporting events or rotisserie leagues. Games include the following:
GAME DESCRIPTION
---- -----------
Brackets(TM) Basketball or hockey tournament prediction game
Dream Team Baseball(TM) Managing a professional all-star baseball team
Football Challenge(TM) Weekly selection of winners of college and professional
football games
Football Fantasy(TM) Managing a professional all-star football team
Hockey Draft(TM) Managing a professional all-star hockey team
Hoops(R) Managing a professional all-star basketball team
Survivor(R) Weekly single elimination prediction game for
professional football
Oddsmaker Challenge(TM) Weekly selection of winners of various sporting events
INTERACTIVE TRIVIA GAME PROGRAMS. During trivia game programs, each
Location System simultaneously displays selected trivia questions which are
displayed on the NTN television monitor at each Location. Participants use the
Playmaker(R) to select answers, which are collected, transmitted and tabulated
in a similar manner to NTN's interactive sports games. Participants' scores are
displayed on the dedicated television monitors, along with national, regional
and local rankings, as applicable.
8
While certain of the Company's sports games are available only during the
seasons when the respective sports are played, trivia game programs allow the
Company to offer year-round interactive programming. The NTN Network generally
provides the trivia programming during evening hours, when Locations,
particularly restaurants and taverns, tend to be busiest. Currently, the
Company broadcasts between 14 and 17 hours of interactive programs per day. The
NTN Network presently features the following interactive trivia games programs:
NTN PREMIUM TRIVIA GAMES - Promotion-oriented weekly game shows that
generally require 1-2 hours of participation. Prizes are awarded to the top
finishers, except where prohibited by law. Games include the following:
GAME DESCRIPTION
---- -----------
Trivial Pursuit (R) Interactive version of the famous Trivial Pursuit game -
licensed from Hasbro Interactive.
Playback (TM) Music trivia
Showdown(R) Advanced trivia challenge
SportsIQ(TM) Weekly sports trivia game
Sports Trivia Challenge(R) Advanced sports trivia covering multiple topics
Spotlight(TM) Entertainment and media based trivia game (movies, music)
NTN TRIVIA GAMES - General-themed, standard games typically one-half hour
in length. Games include the following:
GAME DESCRIPTION
---- -----------
Brain Buster(R) Interactive trivia game covering esoteric topics
Countdown(R) Interactive trivia game using word plays
Topix(TM) Theme driven trivia game played under controlled timing
Wipeout(TM) Interactive trivia game eliminating incorrect answers
Nightside(R) Adult oriented trivia
Sports Trivia(R) General trivia game covering sports topics
Viewer's Review(R) Audience-supplied content trivia game
Retroactive(TM) Pop-culture trivia with 60's, 70's and 80's content
Football Weekend Roundup(TM) Football trivia game
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CUSTOM GAMES - Interactive games created specifically for media companies
such as Capital Cities/ABC for simultaneous broadcast with their live telecasts.
GAME DESCRIPTION
---- -----------
NTN Awards Show(TM) Interactive game played in conjunction with the Academy
Awards, Grammy Awards and other award shows
NTN Draft Show(TM) Interactive game played in conjunction with the annual
NFL draft
Since 1987, Network Services has broadcast the NTN Awards Show(TM) to all
sites in connection with the live Academy Awards telecast. The NTN Awards
Show(TM) contains movie trivia and biographical information on nominees and
allows players to select winners up to the actual announcement and compete with
other players via the NTN Network, in a manner similar to QB1(R).
Information Programming. During the hours in which the Company is not
------------------------
broadcasting interactive games, the Company uses its broadcast network to
transmit sports information as well as NTN Network programming information. The
Company obtains the majority of its sports information (for which it pays a
monthly fee) from Sportsticker wire service, electronically formats the
information and then retransmits it for broadcast to Locations.
Advertising. The NTN Network operates in a manner similar to the
-----------
television broadcast medium in that a number of minutes of a broadcast hour are
set aside for advertising, promotional spots (promoting NTN Network's
competitions and special events), "tune-in spots" (promoting NTN Network
programming schedule), and public service announcements.
The Company has currently set aside fourteen minutes each hour for
advertising, promotional spots and "tune-in spots." Each of the spots are
designed to be fifteen seconds in length for a total of 56 spots per hour. The
Company can insert advertising messages into its interactive sports and trivia
programming at any number of Locations. Further, messages can be broadcast over
the NTN Network or custom-tailored for a specific Location or several Locations.
The Company sells advertising in blocks of two-fifteen second ad spots per
hour for a total of fourteen hours per day. Further, programming content has
been innovatively blended with the advertiser's logo and message. For example,
the Miller Lite Countdown(R) and Cuervo 1800 Countdown(R) Shows provide 30
minutes of commercial exposure to Miller and Cuervo products. Sponsorships of
programs are also available and provide advertisers with specific premium
exposure within a sponsored program.
Advertisers are also given the opportunity to communicate directly with the
NTN Network's Players Plus(R) ("Players Plus") members, numbering over
1,000,000. Players Plus is a frequent player club which members join by
entering their name, address, zip code and identification number into a
Playmaker(R), which is then captured at the Broadcast Center. A member earns
points each time they play and also a chance to win prizes in the monthly
Players Plus sweepstakes. Sponsors are capable of receiving feedback through
interaction with customers in the form of customer surveys.
Interactive Programming Under Development. The Company is continuing to
-----------------------------------------
develop and market-test other interactive game programs. These include
interactive programming in conjunction with live broadcasts of other sports
events and award shows, as well as additional trivia and stand-alone interactive
games. The Company is also developing interactive games for broadcast with
television game shows, allowing NTN Network viewers to play a televised game
show simultaneously with studio contestants.
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ONLINE/INTERNET SERVICES. The Company provides many of the same services
and programs as seen on the NTN Network to the home consumer market via
Online/Internet Services. Online/Internet Services includes multi-player
interactive games, which have already garnered brand recognition via the NTN
Network, into the consumers' households through personal computer on-line
services and interactive television services. In addition, Online/Internet
Services includes other multi-player interactive games designed expressly for
the home environment. The Company offers the games to end users via third party
networks such as America Online and GTE MainStreet. Revenues received include
development fees and monthly broadcast revenues based upon usage and certain
minimum guarantees from these third-party networks. The end-user does not pay
NTN directly, but pays the online service provider who is responsible for paying
the Company.
The current focus of home distribution is via on-line services, such as
AOL, where a substantial customer base already exists. The Company's
interactive sports and trivia games are available on-line 24 hours a day, seven
days a week. The Company distributes games through PC on-line services in
return for a share of the customer revenue in excess of a minimum monthly fee.
The end-user purchases services from a distributor such as AOL who, in turn,
pays NTN.
Most of the interactive sports and trivia games currently broadcast over
the NTN Network are also available directly to consumers in their homes through
a variety of media, including computer on-line services and interactive
television (ITV) networks. The Company's Online/Internet Services are unique
since the programs are not dependent upon, and consequently not bound by, any
particular technology or method of transmission. Regardless of which technology
emerges as the primary means of transmission on the "information highway",
management believes it's programming content will be available to the household.
The Company also assists other companies in providing content and programs
via content distributors. For a share of the revenue generated by consumer use,
the Company provides program translation services and maintains the programs on
its servers.
Online/Internet Services are distributed to on-line and ITV networks, also
known as content distributors. These games, in turn, are made available to
their customer base for a fee. The diagram below depicts the transmissions
necessary for a consumer to use the Company's service in his or her home.
11
[CHART]
LearnStar. The LearnStar teaching system (the "LearnStar System") was developed
as a natural extension of the NTN Network and its entertainment applications.
The LearnStar System is targeted at schools and teachers who are seeking an
educational tool to increase student interest in learning via interactive
competitions in the classroom.
The LearnStar System enables a school to evaluate the academic proficiency
of the students, while creating an enjoyable environment in which students seem
more apt to participate. Using similar technology to that used for the NTN
Network, the LearnStar interactive learning system can conduct academic
competitions, collect data for surveys and provides local, regional and national
testing capabilities. All of these services can be utilized within a single
classroom, at one distinct site, or at multiple schools throughout the country,
all with instantaneous feedback.
Students test their comprehension of material by viewing an academic
competition on a television screen, then answer questions interactively via
hand-held keypads that broadcast signals to and from the LearnStar System. The
questions are posed in a multiple choice format, similar to the nationally
administered Scholastic Aptitude Test. Many competitions feature full-motion
video, colorful graphics and sound. Students work individually or in teams to
answer the questions, with scores and team rankings displayed on the television
screen after each question. The LearnStar System offers flexibility - it can be
utilized as a stand-alone resource, moving on a portable cart from classroom to
classroom for use by the entire school, or the LearnStar System can be linked
via satellite on the NTN Network for live national competitions with schools
throughout the US. The LearnStar System includes a dedicated computer control
system with a Pentium processor, CD-ROM unit, proprietary software, printer,
satellite dish, receiver, wireless keypad transceiver, classroom keypad pack
with charging trays, and the LearnStar component cart. Teachers can also develop
unique lesson plans by editing the existing competitions or creating their own
customized quizzes to include current events and to highlight important
information.
The multimedia, interactive LearnStar software features over 1,000 academic
competitions in many subject areas written by experienced educators,
instructional designers and software programmers. LearnStar academic
competitions are carefully written according to state guidelines, national
standards, relevant topics and age appropriateness.
IWN. IWN was established in 1994 to develop, distribute and market
interactive and transaction processing services for the gaming and wagering
industry. IWN has developed the software and technology related to gaming
applications. IWN will continue to develop its products and services for
eventual mass marketing.
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Initially, IWN is focusing on the North American pari-mutuel market as the
point of entry due to the enabling legislation that already exists in several
states in the United States and Canadian provinces. This legislation currently
allows racing fans to establish and fund an account at the racetrack, and call
in via telephone to either a live operator or an interactive voice response unit
to place their wager. New York, Pennsylvania and Connecticut presently allow
non-residents to establish accounts and place interstate telephone wagers. Ohio
is considering allowing non-resident accounts and interstate telephone wagering.
IWN's first product, HomeStretch(TM), turns a personal computer into a
gateway for pari-mutuel wagering. The Windows 95-based product will allows
racing fans to establish and fund an account at the racetrack, review race
information, and create wagers. Using a modem, the player connects to IWN's
Gaming Host System, located in Carlsbad, California, which provides connectivity
to the racetrack totalisator system, funds transfer system, and information
providers. The Gaming Host System is an on-line transaction processing engine
that provides the security, administration, financial transaction processing
services and switching capabilities necessary to support interactive gaming and
wagering from the home or virtually anywhere. In October 1996, IWN conducted
real-time contest wagering utilizing HomeStretch(TM) in conjunction with the
Ontario Jockey Club, Canada s premier racing organization, and the 1996
Breeders' Cup. Contest wagering and beta testing is ongoing pending final
regulatory approval to operate the IWN system in conjunction with real money
betting. To date, no significant revenues have been realized from this product.
International Licensing. NTN has provided its services internationally to
expand its international services through licensing agreements. For many years,
NTN has provided service to customers in Canada through its unaffiliated
licensee, NTN Canada. In 1993, NTN issued a 20-year license to an unaffiliated
company in Australia ("NTN Australasia"), to create the first interactive
television network in Australia and New Zealand. In 1994, NTN issued a license
to MultiChoice Ltd., an unaffiliated company, to develop and operate an
interactive broadcast network in South Africa. Generally, the company licenses
operations in foreign countries by granting the rights to use NTN's unique
interactive broadcast technology. NTN provides licensees with technological
know-how and assistance to build a broadcast center, and to develop interactive
products and programs.
Marketing and Expansion Strategy
Network Services. Network Services markets services to customers primarily
through advertising in national trade periodicals, national and regional
industry trade shows, telemarketing, direct mail and direct contact through the
field representatives. All sales prospects are organized and tracked through
shared database software. Currently, services are sold through a regional-based
management team and utilize direct salespersons as well as over 50 independent
representatives. The independent representatives' agreements are typically one-
year agreements, with renewal clauses if the representative meets certain
performance goals. Customers generally execute a renewable one-year contract to
obtain the Company's services and pay a monthly fee of approximately $600.
The Company's future business strategy related to the NTN Network is to
continue to increase available programming and market to additional group
viewing Locations. In addition, the Company intends to develop additional
revenue sources for the NTN Network such as local and regional advertising. No
assurance can be given as to whether the Company will be successful in the
implementation of its business strategy.
Online/Internet Services. Since the end-user of Online/Internet Services is
the distributor's customer, the Company relies on the distributor's marketing
efforts to promote its products. However, the Company works in conjunction with
distributors to develop the promotions and advertisements. For example, AOL may
include the Company's game logo on an initial "start-up" screen which millions
of its subscribers can access at no expense to NTN. Furthermore, the Company
supplies distributors such as GTE MainStreet with existing marketing materials
used for the NTN Network, but GTE MainStreet absorbs the majority of the cost
associated with promoting online games to GTE MainStreet customers. Customers
generally pay the Company a fee based on the amount of time that consumers have
participated with the Company's games and services.
In the future, the Company expects its products to elicit more exposure
from the distributors as a result of increased brand recognition and continued
promotions. NTN will continue to take a proactive position with respect to
marketing products to each distributor to ensure inclusion in as many of their
promotional efforts as possible. The
13
Company expects its direct marketing costs to continue to be minimal. No
assurance can be given as to whether the Company will be successful in the
implementation of its business strategy.
LearnStar. To date, the LearnStar System has been sold by a direct sales
force targeting individual schools. In the future, the Company plans to use
independent representatives familiar with the education market to target inner-
city school districts, the nationwide Catholic archdiocese school system and
others. Further, the Company seeks sponsorship from public and private
foundations as well as funding from federal, state and local government
agencies. The Company currently derives revenues from selling the LearnStar
system and a site license to its customers. Current prices for the LearnStar
system range from $18,000 to $25,000, dependent upon volume and other factors.
The Company plans to test market different flexible pricing and financing
arrangements. Marketing and sales efforts are focused on large population
centers in states with funds designated specifically for technology in
education. No assurance can be given as to whether LearnStar will be successful
in the implementation of its business strategy.
IWN. IWN's marketing strategy is to promote the acceptance of interactive
applications to existing gaming and wagering enthusiasts, on-line services users
and interactive television participants. IWN's marketing strategy for
HomeStretch(TM) in the interactive pari-mutuel wagering market, is to target
both the racing organization and the racing end-user. The development of this
business will depend on the adoption of enabling legislation in many states and
countries. Utilizing database marketing, IWN will initially target racing fans
who currently use computers for handicapping. This group has been identified as
"early adopters". IWN intends to expand the market to include on-line services
users and other demographic groups which are comfortable with technology and
have an interest in sports. IWN will seek to utilize resources from both Network
Services and Online/Internet Services to generate potential customer lists.
Targeted direct mail, on-line advertising and telemarketing will all be utilized
to promote the IWN services. IWN will seek to generate revenue through fees
charged to process data including wagers, sports information and switching and
transfer services.
Promotion to the racing industry will be through trade shows and direct
sales. IWN's management team has over 25 years of combined experience marketing
services to the gaming and wagering industry. IWN has a relationship with
Autotote Corporation, a public company which processes approximately 75% of the
pari-mutuel handle in the U.S. and which is the exclusive licensee for operating
off-track betting establishments for the State of Connecticut. IWN has also
contracted with Equibase, the official source of information for the
Thoroughbred Racing Association and the Jockey Club, to provide the raw data for
the racing information products. In 1996, IWN licensed its technology to IWN
Australasia, a joint venture between IWN, NTN Australasia (an unaffiliated
licensee) and Sporting Management Concepts. The licensing agreement provides for
license fees, royalties, development fees and equity ownership for IWN. No
assurance can be given as to whether IWN will be successful in the
implementation of its business strategy.
14
Sources of Revenue
The following table sets forth information with respect to the principal
sources of the Company's revenues during the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995
and 1994.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
-----------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
Network Services $ 20,029 15,559 11,271
Online/Internet Services $ 1,811 620 542
Advertising $ 1,590 1,128 431
Equipment Sales, net $ 1,757 1,803 1,634
Network Services. The primary market for Network Services is comprised of
approximately 330,000 taverns and restaurants in North America. Other potential
Locations may also be found among hotels, military bases, college campuses,
hospitals, and other group viewing Locations such as country clubs, fraternal
organizations, and bowling centers.
To date, Network Services' customers have generally been public viewing
locations such as restaurant chains (e.g., TGI Friday's, Ruby Tuesdays, Black
Angus), national hotel chains (e.g., Hilton, Holiday Inn, Marriott, Radisson,
Sheraton), local and regional bowling alleys, pizzerias, sports complexes,
sports taverns and military bases. Many of the Company's customers such as
hotel and restaurant chains have multiple Locations. Locations generally enter
into a one-year broadcast service agreement with the Company pursuant to which
they pay a monthly broadcast fee of approximately $600 per Location. The
Company currently serves over 3,000 Locations located in all 50 States and in
Canada.
The Company has a license agreement with NTN Canada (the "Canadian
License"), pursuant to which NTN Canada solicits Locations to the NTN Network in
Canada. Pursuant to the Canadian License, the Company provides NTN Network
programs to Canadian Locations in exchange for an annual license fee payable in
monthly installments based upon the number of Locations in Canada, which
presently number approximately 540.
As a percentage of total revenue, Network Services amounted to 78%, 77% and
70% in 1996, 1995, and 1994, respectively.
Online/Internet Services. The Company provides its services to on-line
users pursuant to the agreements with various system providers such as AOL,
CompuServe, and GTE. The on-line computer industry is one of the fastest growing
consumer markets in terms of subscribers. Industry analysts project that by 1999
more than 100 million consumers will be connected to on-line computer services.
Fees from on-line services are based on the actual use of the NTN interactive
programs by their underlying customers. The Canadian License also grants NTN
Canada the exclusive right to market NTN interactive services to online users in
Canada. The Company is entitled to receive a royalty equal to 25% of revenues
generated from Canadian online customers. No assurance can be given that any
such royalties will be received by the Company. As a percentage of total
revenue, Online/Internet Services amounted to 7%, 3% and 3% in 1996, 1995, and
1994, respectively.
Advertising Revenue. The Company sells advertising spots for broadcast on
the NTN Network as well as for Online/Internet Services. Advertisers can buy
time for promotional spots as well as sponsorship of specific events or
programs. As a percentage of total revenue, Advertising amounted to 6%, 6% and
3% in 1996, 1995, and 1994, respectively.
15
Equipment Sales. Equipment sales of LearnStar Systems is another source of
revenue for the Company. Typically, Location Systems are provided to customers
but ownership is maintained by the Company or are leased from independent
companies. The Company also sells interactive equipment, particularly
Playmakers(R), to its licensees in Canada, Australia, and South Africa.
Equipment is generally sold to customers with no return rights except in the
case of defect. As a percentage of total revenue, Equipment sales amounted to
7%, 9% and 10% in 1996, 1995, and 1994, respectively.
Raw Materials
For media platforms such as on-line services, the Company distributes its
programs to the recipients who maintain their own receiving, translation and re-
broadcasting equipment. Accordingly, the Company has no raw materials or
equipment needs for these customers beyond its own back-end servers.
For media platforms such as the NTN Network and LearnStar applications, the
System is assembled from off-the-shelf components available from a variety of
sources, except for the Playmaker(R) package. The Company installs and
maintains service of the Location Systems and LearnStar Systems. The
Playmaker(R) package is currently manufactured to the Company's specifications
by a non-affiliated manufacturer in Taiwan. In 1996, the manufacturer of the
Playmaker(R) package made certain changes to the design and source code of the
Playmakers(R), some of which were not previously authorized by the Company. As
a result, the Company is uncertain if it has all such design plans and source
codes for the Playmaker(R) package. In recent months and currently, the
Company's Network Services customers who have received manufactured
Playmakers(R), have experienced reliability problems with equipment. The Company
has recently experienced an unusually high rate of customer discontinuing
service which is effecting the Company's ability to generate cash flow and
earnings. The Company and the manufacturer are jointly working to provide a
solution to such reliability problems, although no assurances can be given that
a solution can be reached without undue delay and cost. The Company believes
that there are numerous other manufacturers who could supply Playmakers(R)
although no assurances can be given that, if necessary, such alternative sources
could be secured at commercially reasonable costs and without undue delay.
Licensing, Trademarks, Copyrights and Patents
The Company's sports games make use of simultaneous telecasts of sporting
events. As a consequence of the Company's licensees with various sporting
leagues, the Company is also permitted to utilize the trademarks and logos of
national teams and leagues in connection with the playing of an interactive
game.
The Company is party to an exclusive license from the NFL, which grants the
Company the exclusive right to use the trademarks and service marks of the NFL
in connection with the playing and marketing of QB1(R). The NFL license grants
the Company the exclusive data broadcast rights to conduct interactive games in
conjunction with the broadcast of NFL football games, for which the NFL receives
a royalty based on revenues billed by the Company in connection with QB1(R)
play. The agreement with the NFL was renewed on March 25, 1997 and expires in
2000. This most recent agreement expands the Company's rights to include
certain approved online service to all territories in which such online services
are accessible and significantly includes the Internet. There can be no
guarantee that the Company will be able to renew the license in the future.
Further, it is uncertain as to whether the Company's failure to renew the
license will have a material adverse effect on the Company.
In 1994, the Company entered into a three-year exclusive contract with the
Canadian Football League ("CFL") granting the Company the exclusive rights to
the simulcast of data accounts of the events occurring at CFL games, for which
the Company paid a royalty fee to the CFL. The license also includes the
exclusive right to use the CFL trademarks and logos for an interactive game in
connection with the playing and marketing of QB1(R). The Company has no
immediate plans to renew this license.
The Company currently has non-exclusive agreements with Major League
Baseball and the National Hockey League to use live broadcasts of their
respective games in conjunction with broadcasts of NTN DiamondBall(R) and NTN
PowerPlay(R) in Canada. No assurances can be given that the Company will be able
to renew such licenses in the future. Further, it is uncertain as to whether the
Company's failure to renew such licenses will have a material adverse effect on
the Company.
16
No action has been brought against the Company by the owners of the
applicable rights with respect to any of the Company's broadcasts of interactive
games in conjunction with live sports events, nor does the Company anticipate
any such actions.
The Company keeps confidential as trade secrets the software used in the
production of its programs. The hardware used in the Company's operations is
virtually off-the-shelf, except for the Playmaker(R) keypads. The Company owns
copyrights to all of its programs. In addition to the registration of the
trademark for QB1(R), the Company has either received, or is presently applying
for, trademark protection for the names of its other proprietary programming, to
the extent that trademark protection is available for same.
The Company maintains a program directed to the protection of its
intellectual property assets. As part of this program, the Company presently has
two patents pending for an Interactive Learning System and Automated System for
Conducting Auctions with Participants in Remote Locations.
Seasonal Business
Overall, the Company's business is not generally seasonal. Revenue from
Network Services and Online/Internet Services is billed monthly as service is
provided to customers. However, sales of new Locations have traditionally been
higher in the Summer and early Fall months compared to the rest of the year.
This trend coincides with the start of the NFL season in August. The hospitality
industry has historically experienced a relatively high business failure rate.
Similarly, the Company has lost customers due to the failure of customer
businesses, to change in ownership or non-renewal of contracts, collectively
referred to as "churn". The Company's historical churn experience has also been
seasonal in that the percentage of churn has been higher following the
completion of the NFL season in February, although churn does occur in all
months. Although the Company's operating history is short, historically,
approximately 25% of the existing Network Services customers at the beginning of
a year, have churned during a year. The Company has implemented marketing
programs and other efforts to reduce the churn rate, however no assurance can be
given that such efforts will be successful.
Online/Internet Services are provided to consumers via online distributors
such as AOL and CompuServe. This industry is still in its infancy and little
historical data is available. The Company has experienced a continual increase
in the number of consumers using these services and no seasonal effect has been
noted.
Sales of LearnStar Systems are generally higher in the early part of the
year and at the traditional beginning of school in September with little or no
activity during the Summer break period.
Working Capital
The discussion under "Liquidity and Capital Resources" included in Item 7,
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations", is incorporated herein by reference.
Significant Customers
The Company's customers are diverse and varied in size as well as location.
The services are provided point to multi-point so that the Company is not
dependent on any one, or a few customers. The Company does not have any
individual customers who accounted for 10% or more of its consolidated revenues
in 1996, 1995 or 1994.
17
Backlog
The Company generally does not have a significant backlog at any time
because the Company normally can deliver and install new Location Systems within
the delivery schedule requested by customers (generally within two weeks)
related to the NTN Network, with a similar delivery and installation pattern for
the LearnStar System. However, the Company announced on October 25, 1996 that it
had suspended shipments of its Playmakers(R) keypads to new Network Services
locations pending approval of the Playmaker(R) by the United States Federal
Communications Commission ("FCC"). The Company's application for approval was
subsequently submitted to the FCC and was approved by the FCC on January 15,
1997. Shipments to new locations, including approximately 290 sites which were
previously awaiting installation, resumed immediately following the FCC approval
and installation was completed on these sites in January and February. For other
distribution platforms, there is no backlog because services are generally
distributed point to multi-point and the Company does not have to provide
specific equipment to the customer, making it relatively simple to add new
customers without any significant delay.
Government Contracts
The Company provides its distribution services to a small number of
government agencies (usually military base recreation units), however the number
of government customers is small compared to the overall customer base.
Contracts with government agencies are provided under generally the same terms
and conditions as other corporate customers and with only minor revisions which
are required by such government agency.
Competitive Conditions
The Interactive Entertainment industry is still in its formative stage, but
currently may be divided into three major segments: (1) media distribution
services such as on-line services, telephone companies and cable television
companies and the NTN Network; (2) equipment providers such as computer and
peripheral equipment manufacturers; and (3) content and programming providers,
such as movie studios, NTN and software publishers. The Company does not act as
a direct provider of equipment to consumers. The Company operates as a media
distribution service through its own NTN Network. Also, the Company is a
program provider to an array of other media distribution services to consumers
utilizing a variety of equipment and delivery mechanisms.
NTN has a growing number of competitors in the programming segment of the
Interactive Entertainment industry. The Company's programming content is not
dependent upon, and consequently not bound by, any particular technology or
method of distribution to the consumer. The Company's programming is,
therefore, readily available to consumers on a wide variety of entertainment and
media services including: the NTN Network; on-line services including America
Online, CompuServe, and cable television, including GTE MainStreet, which is
available to households in certain regions.
The Interactive Television industry is still in its infancy. The Company
competes with other companies for total entertainment dollars in the
marketplace. The Company's programming competes generally with broadcast
television, pay-per-view, and other content offered on cable television. On
other mediums, the Company competes with other content and services available to
the consumer through on-line services. The Company's programming is interactive
in nature but is distinguished from other forms of interactive programming by
its simultaneous multi-player format and the two-way interactive features.
Presently, the technological capabilities of transmitting entertainment products
to the consumer exceed the supply of quality programming and services available
on the existing delivery systems. The Company is able to utilize the wide
variety of services available for transmission of entertainment products to the
consumer by forming strategic alliances with service providers to supply the
Company's programs for re-transmission. The Company's programming is available
to the consumer over a multitude of media platforms and delivery systems.
The majority of the Company's revenue (84%) is generated from Network
Services that is the fees generated from it's broadcast subscription service via
the NTN Network. The NTN Network is a live, multi-player interactive
entertainment system. As noted below, the Company does not have direct
competitors who supply this type of service. As further noted below, the Company
does compete for total entertainment dollars in its marketplace, including other
forms of entertainment typically provided in public eating and drinking
establishments such as music-
18
based systems and cable and pay-per view television. Accordingly,
the Company is the only company offering its specific services in its primary
market and therefore has no major competitors for its services.
For other revenue streams, specifically Online Services and LearnStar
products, the Company is a very small player in a large market. Further, the
revenue generated from these sources has been growing, but continues to
represent a small portion of the Company's business.
Network Services. Currently, Network Services on the NTN Network have no
competitors that furnish live, multi-player interactive entertainment similar in
scope and nature. Although the Company has no direct competitors in this area,
it does compete for total entertainment dollars in the marketplace. Other forms
of entertainment provided in public eating and drinking establishments include
music-based systems and cable and pay-per-view television. However, evidence
provided by customers indicates that patrons are inclined to stay longer and
consume more food and drink when NTN Network interactive games are offered as
the main source of entertainment. Accordingly, Network Services customers
generally tend to view these services as a profit generator rather than a cost
center.
Online/Internet Services. In the Online/Internet Services market, the
consumer has a plethora of entertainment options from which to choose, ranging
from cable television to telephone based services to computer on-line providers
and the Internet. The Company offers live, multi-player games and services which
are available to multiple interactive platforms in the home. Also, the Company
competes for a share of the total home entertainment dollars against broadcast
television, pay-per-view and other content offered on cable television. The
Company also competes with other programming available to consumers through on-
line services such as AOL and CompuServe. Cable television, in its various
forms, provides consumers the opportunity to make viewing selections from
anywhere between 30 to 100 free and pay channels, thus limiting the amount of
time devoted to any particular channel. For the most part, cable television is
predominantly a passive medium, and does not offer the viewer the opportunity to
participate in its programming, and even less frequently, does it offer
programming designed for active participation. On-line providers, such as AOL,
can provide literally thousands of options for content and entertainment,
however, such on-line services have traditionally been confined to that
company's subscriber base. Interaction among viewers is thus limited to the
particular program as offered only on the specific on-line service. The Company
offers consumers the opportunity to participate and compete against other
viewers who are seeing the identical program over several different
technological media, including interactive television, personal computers and/or
the NTN Network.
LearnStar. Products and services to education customers utilizing the
LearnStar System were first sold beginning in 1995. The Company competes with
some established businesses which offer educational products, however, the
majority of existing products in the marketplace are passive, rather than
interactive. Such companies include Jostens' Learning, C.C.C. and the Eduquest
Division of IBM. The competitive advantage of the LearnStar System is that it
provides an easy to use, two-way interactive learning method, is very
competitively priced and requires less equipment than traditional systems.
Moreover, the LearnStar System is adaptable to the particular needs of the
individual users and is designed such that it can be used for local, regional,
and national competitions on a mass basis utilizing existing satellite
technology. Although the market for providing learning services to schools is
mature, the Company believes that the market for advanced educational products
which use computers, interactive software and satellite technology is embryonic.
IWN. The U.S. gaming industry has grown rapidly in recent years. In 1994,
Americans wagered over $400 billion on legal commercial gaming compared to $126
billion in 1982. One survey showed that 61% of American adults wagered in one
or more types of government-approved gambling last year.
One of the reasons for the growth in gaming has been the favorable
regulatory and legislative environment. Many states have accepted gaming as a
means to raise tax revenue and encourage economic development. There are
approximately 200-250 pari-mutuel facilities in the U.S., and seven states have
legalized account-based telephone wagering, including New York and Connecticut,
which allow interstate telephone wagering.
Pari-mutuel wagering is the fourth largest segment in the gaming industry.
While the overall growth of the pari-mutuel handle has been stagnant over the
last five years, particularly when compared to the significant growth in the
overall gaming industry, the shift from on-track wagering to off-track betting
is an important trend. With the total U.S. thoroughbred horse racing handle in
the $10 billion range, off-track betting increased from $2.2 billion in 1987 to
$6.1 billion in 1994. Off-track betting is allowed in 20 of the 40 states where
pari-mutuel wagering is legal and is
19
an increasingly important source of revenue for racetracks and state
governments. IWN's HomeStretch(TM) product is intended to leverage the trend to
off-track wagering by allowing fans to place wagers from virtually anywhere to
their account at the racetrack. Legislative regulations are pending in many
states and countries relating to placing wagers electronically via computer
services or on the Internet. IWN is still in the development stage and no
assurances can be given that it can attain its business objectives or that
regulatory bodies will provide legislation for on-line wagering.
Assuming enabling legislation, IWN seeks to eventually compete for total
entertainment dollars in the market place. Within the gaming and wagering
industry, competition for the pari-mutuel wagering dollar comes from expanded
alternative gaming opportunities. Outside the industry, pari-mutuel wagering
competes with all forms of entertainment vying for consumer spending dollars.
Potential competitors in the interactive pari-mutuel wagering and gaming market
will include:
COMPANY DESCRIPTION
------- -----------
On Demand Services Originally part of United Video. Developed a
proprietary set-top box to deliver interactive
television racing and wagering.
Simulcast Racing Network Plans to broadcast a pay-per-view racing channel
with interactive wagering.
Gaming and Entertainment Television Plans to offer the hotel and sports bar markets
closed circuit pay-per-view and sports fantasy
leagues with participant wagering.
Research and Development
During the three years ended December 31, 1996, the Company incurred
$3,396,000, $1,471,000 and $1,972,000, respectively related to on Company-
sponsored research and development projects, including projects performed by
consultants for the Company.
The Company is currently developing interactive and transaction services
for the gaming industry and continues to develop enhancements to its interactive
software for several media platforms and continues its research into new and
enhanced graphics. There is no assurance that the Company will successfully
complete current or planned development projects or will do so within the time
parameters and budgets established by the Company, and there is no assurance
that a market will develop for any product successfully developed.
The Company works closely with independent user groups in an attempt to
develop enhancements and new services and products in response to customer
needs.
Government Regulations
Compliance with federal, state and local laws have not had a material
effect upon the Company's capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position
to date. On October 25, 1996, the Company reported that it was advised by the
United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that its Playmaker(R)
keypad had never received FCC approval. Upon notification, the Company commenced
testing its equipment and submitted its application to the FCC. There was no
interruption of the Company's services to existing NTN Network customers, nor
were any of the Company's Online/Internet Services ever affected. The Company
will also implement a corrective action program to be approved by the FCC. The
Company received approval on January 15, 1997 and immediately began shipments to
new Locations. To date, the FCC has not advised the Company of the amount of
penalty, if any, which may be imposed. In light of the circumstances, the
Company believes that such a monetary penalty may be imposed, however, based in
part on the advice of outside counsel, the Company does not believe that the
amount of such penalty will be substantial so as to have a material, adverse
effect on the financial condition of the Company. The Company does not
anticipate that it will have to incur any material expenses in the future in
order to comply with federal, state or local laws because of the nature of its
current services and products. Gaming laws in certain states currently
20
restrict the ability of individuals to place wagers off-site from a regulated
wagering facility. The ability of IWN to carry out its business objective will
be dependent upon enabling legislation in states and other countries related to
gaming and electronic wagering.
Employees
The Company and its subsidiaries employ approximately 200 people on a full-
time basis and 60 people on a part-time basis, and utilizes independent
contractors on a project basis. In addition, NTN retains a number of non-
affiliated programming and systems consultants. It is expected that as the
Company expands, additional employees and consultants will be required. The
Company believes that its present employees and consultants have the technical
knowledge necessary for the operation of the Company and that it will experience
no particular difficulties in engaging additional personnel with the necessary
technical skills when required. None of the Company's employees are represented
by a union and the Company believes its employee relations are satisfactory.
21
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
---------------------------------------------------------------
Results of Operations
---------------------
General
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of
operations should be read in conjunction with the selected financial data and
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere herein.
The Company uses existing technology to develop, produce and distribute
two-way multi-player interactive live events and also produces and distributes
its own original interactive programs. The Company's principal sources of
revenue from distribution activities are derived from (a) service distribution
fees in the United States; (b) advertising fees, (c) sales of equipment to
foreign licensees; (d) service distribution fees and royalties from foreign
licensees; and (e) licensing fees from foreign and domestic licensees.
The Company has traditionally funded its growth through sales of equity and
various debt financings. Although the Company should benefit from additional
operational cash flow from growth of new Locations, there can be no assurances
that this cash flow will be sufficient to sustain the Company's operations. The
Company has generated cash in the past from the sale of licenses, however, this
source is sporadic and dependent upon many influences, including the Company's
willingness to continue foreign licensing activities. Another source of cash in
recent years has been advertising revenue. Although this revenue source has
grown rapidly in recent years, the NTN Network remains a relatively new media
for advertisers. There can be no assurances that advertising revenue will
continue to grow and that the interactive broadcasting medium will be a more
accepted advertising venue.
On October 25, 1996, the Company reported that it was advised on September
9, 1996 by the United States Federal Communications Commission that its
Playmaker(R) keypad had not received FCC approval. The Company immediately
suspended shipment of the Playmakers(R) to new NTN Network Locations pending
approval by the FCC. Upon notification, the Company commenced testing its
equipment and submitted its application to the FCC. There was no interruption of
the Company's services to existing NTN Network customers, nor were any of the
Company's Online/Internet Services ever affected. The Company received approval
on January 15, 1997 and immediately began shipments to new Locations, including
approximately 290 new customers which were previously awaiting installation. The
installation of the Locations was completed in January and February 1997. The
Company will also implement a corrective action program to be approved by the
FCC.
On March 5, 1997, the Company announced a reorganization of its executive
management personnel in which Patrick J. Downs resigned as Chief Executive
Officer and Chairman of the Board, and Daniel C. Downs resigned as President.
In addition, three other officers resigned or were terminated in connection with
the reorganization. The Company recorded substantial charges related to the
management reorganization and other items more fully described below.
Accordingly, the following analysis has been expanded to provide a more detailed
description of the significant charges that occurred in 1996.
Results of Operations
Following is a comparative discussion by fiscal year of the results of
operations for the three years ended December 31, 1996. The Company believes
that inflation has not had a material effect on its operations to date.
Year Ended December 31, 1996 as Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 1995
The Company incurred a net loss of $22,952,000 for the year ended December
31, 1996 compared to a net loss of $3,948,000 for the year ended December 31,
1995. The results include a gain on the sale of the Company's New World
subsidiary of $4,219,000, net of taxes of $16,000, and operating losses of
$1,317,000. In 1996, the Company treated New World as a discontinued operation.
In the second quarter, the Company reported an estimated tax expense of
$1,000,000. The change in the estimated tax liability resulting form the sale
resulted from a revision in the estimated income tax provision based on a
recently concluded analysis of the relevant tax laws and a valuation study
performed to establish the Company's minimum tax liability The 1995 results have
been adjusted to reflect the sale of New World in 1996 as a discontinued
operation. The 1996 results also include other significant charges for the
resignation and termination of officers and layoffs of other personnel,
cancellation of notes receivable, loss on buyout of lease commitments, a write-
down of assets associated with business activities that the Company has
determined will
22
no longer be pursued, a write-down for obsolete inventory and equipment, and
accrual for costs and expenses for the resolution of litigation. In addition,
the current year's results of operations include charges related to the issuance
of equity instruments pursuant to the guidelines of SFAS 123. An analysis of
revenue and operating costs follows a discussion of the significant other
charges.
On March 5, 1997, the Company announced a reorganization of its executive
management personnel in which Patrick J. Downs resigned as Chief Executive
Officer and Chairman of the Board, and Daniel C. Downs resigned as President.
Other personnel changes include the resignation of Mr. Ronald Hogan, as Senior
Vice President, and the terminations of Mr. Gerald McLaughlin, formerly
Executive Vice President, and Mr. Michael Downs, formerly President and CEO of
LearnStar, in connection with the reorganization ("Reorganization"). The
Company has entered into separate agreements ("Agreements") with each of the
former officers setting out the terms on which their existing employment
contracts with NTN will be settled. In compliance with the Agreements, NTN will
continue to pay the former executives their current annual salaries and other
benefits for the remaining terms of their employment agreements with NTN, which
expire on or before December 31, 1999. Charges for severance recorded related
to terminations in 1996 amounted to $840,000. Charges for severance to be
recorded as an expense and liability in the first quarter of 1997 will be
$4,578,000. Contractual payments for employment contracts related to the
Agreements are $1,711,000 in 1997, $1,350,000 in 1998 and $1,269,000 in 1999.
The Company expects that such amounts will be funded from its on-going
operations. The Company has recorded the charges in 1996 and to be recorded in
1997 in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issues No. 94 - 3.
Most of the former officers, along with Mr. Donald Klosterman, a director
of NTN, were indebted to NTN for certain loans that were made in previous years.
By their terms these loans were cancelable under certain circumstances in
connection with the termination of the officer's employment. Accordingly, in
conjunction with the management reorganization, all outstanding notes receivable
were canceled, and accordingly a charge for $4,252,000 for principal and accrued
interest was recorded in 1996. Included in the loans canceled were personal
loans made to Alan Magerman, a director, and Patrick J. Downs of approximately
$185,000 ($145,000 of principal and $40,000 of accrued interest) and $251,000
($227,000 of principal and $24,000 of accrued interest), respectively.
In addition to the reorganization of executive personnel noted earlier, the
Company had earlier announced the planned lay-offs of non-executive personnel.
The planned lay-offs were not due to a contraction in the Company's core
businesses, but rather were to cost-cutting measures implemented to improve
operations. Severance payments for non-executive lay-offs will not effect
liquidity as the majority of severance and other benefit payments were made in
1996.
From 1993 through June 30, 1996, the Company had entered into various sale
and leaseback arrangements with independent third parties. In the fourth quarter
of 1996, the Company completed a plan to repurchase equipment related to the
aforementioned lease arrangements. The Company recorded a charge of
approximately $2,007,000 related to the termination of these lease transactions.
To the extent possible, management does not intend to use the same sale and
leaseback arrangements as a method of financing in future periods. In addition,
management does not intend to purchase equipment to be held as inventory for
sale and leaseback arrangements. Accordingly, in the fourth quarter of 1996, the
Company reclassified all remaining inventory to Broadcast Equipment and began
recording depreciation charges on all assets placed in service. Although the
program required the immediate use of cash, it is expected to result in improved
future cash flow due to the elimination of many lease payments. Deferred
revenues associated with prior sale-leaseback transactions were netted against
the cost of repurchasing the assets.
The Company performs periodic reviews of its inventory and broadcast
equipment. In connection with such a review, it recently determined that recent
advancements in technology had rendered obsolete certain equipment and inventory
used by the Company which could not be used in the future. Accordingly, a charge
of $2,478,000 was recorded in the third quarter. This charge was not due to a
contraction in the Company's core businesses and will not effect future
liquidity or results of operations.
In June, 1996, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement to resolve
litigation filed by various shareholders of the Company. The case, originally
filed in 1993, is a consolidation of four lawsuits seeking class action status
to recover unspecified damages for a drop in the market price of the Company's
common stock following an announcement that an anticipated agreement under which
the Company would sell certain equipment and services to an arm of the Mexican
government may be put out to bid. The Company believes there is no basis for
the claimants' allegations and does not believe that liability exists for the
allegations. Nonetheless, to avoid the expense and
23
disruption of protracted litigation, the Company has entered into the Settlement
Agreement to resolve this matter out-of court.
To settle the case, a settlement fund was established consisting of
$400,000 in cash plus 565,000 warrants to purchase the common stock of NTN
("Settlement Warrants"). Each Settlement Warrant has a term of three years from
the Date of Issuance, as that term is defined in the Agreement, and an exercise
price equal to the average closing price per share of NTN common stock on the
American Stock Exchange during the twenty trading days immediately preceding the
Date of Issuance. During the period from the second anniversary of the Date of
Issuance until the expiration or exercise of a Settlement Warrant, the holder of
such Settlement Warrant shall have the right, but not the obligation, to put the
Settlement Warrant to NTN for repurchase at a price of $3.25 per Settlement
Warrant (the "Put Right"), provided, however, that this Put Right shall expire,
once, if ever, during the period from and after the Date of Issuance that the
closing price per share of the NTN common stock on the American Stock Exchange
is more that $3.25 above the exercise price of the Settlement Warrants on any
seven trading days, whether consecutive or not. Due to regulatory constraints,
the warrants have not yet been issued and the exercise price has not been
established. Nevertheless, a legal obligation exists for the Company to issue
the warrants, which will be completed as soon as the S-3 registration statement,
which includes the Settlement Warrants, becomes effective, which in turn, will
trigger the issuance of the Settlement Warrants. Although, the Put Right may
expire based on the closing price of the Common Stock over the next three years,
the Company has recognized the potential liability related to the Put Right.
Accordingly, a charge of $1,291,000 for the present value (discounted at 15%)
and related interest expense for the Put Right was recognized in 1996. The
difference between the amount expensed and the total potential liability,
$545,000, will be accreted as interest expense and charged to operations from
September 1996 until the second anniversary of the Date of Issuance. Upon
expiration of the Put Right, NTN shall have no further obligation to repurchase
the Settlement Warrants. In no event shall NTN have any obligation to repurchase
its Common Stock.
On April 18, 1995, a class action lawsuit was filed in United States
District Court. The complaint alleges violations of federal securities laws
based upon the Company's projections for the fourth quarter of 1994 and for the
1994 fiscal year, and further alleges that certain of the Company's insiders
sold stock on information not generally known to the public. The Company, which
has assumed the defense of this matter on behalf of all defendants, has denied
liability based upon the allegations contained in the complaint. Plaintiffs have
claimed to be entitled to damages between $8 million to $10 million. The Company
believes, based in part on the advice of outside counsel, that the actual
damages, if any, would be substantially less than such amount. This lawsuit has
been scheduled for trial to commence in October, 1997. The Company believes
there is no basis for the claimants' allegations. Nonetheless, the Company may,
to avoid the expense and disruption of protracted litigation, attempt to settle
the case. Due to potential settlement costs including the legal costs and
expenses associated with litigation of this nature, including attorney fees,
expert fees and costs, analyses which must be conducted and other costs
necessary to prepare to defend this case at trial and perhaps through the
appeals process, and the inherent expenditures of management time, effort and
resources that will also be required, the Company has recorded a charge against
its current earnings for such costs and expenses.
In December 1995, the Company entered into an agreement to sell a 45%
interest in LearnStar to another company for a $2,500,000 note receivable. No
gain was recognized in 1995 as the Company had not received any payments on the
note. In 1996, the parties agreed to rescind the agreement. No gain was recorded
in 1996.
In October 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-based
Compensation" ("SFAS 123"), effective for fiscal years beginning after December
31, 1995. SFAS 123 establishes the fair value method of accounting for stock-
based compensation arrangements, under which compensation cost is determined
using the fair value of the stock option at the grant date and the number of
options vested, and is recognized over the period in which the related services
are rendered. The Company has chosen to retain its current intrinsic value based
method for issuances to employees, as allowed by SFAS 123. As further provided
in SFAS 123, the Company has disclosed the pro forma effect of adopting the fair
value based method.
Under SFAS 123, transactions involving non-employees for which goods or
services is the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments
are to be recorded using the fair value method. The fair value method states
that the amount recorded is to be based an the fair value of the consideration
received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more
reliably measurable. In 1996, the Company issued a total of 616,000
24
warrants to non-employees for the purchase of the Company's common stock and
recorded a charge of $1,910,000 related to the issuance of those equity
instruments.
In December 1995, the Company entered into a sale, purchase agreement and
investment agreement ("Agreement") with Symphony LLC ("Symphony"), an
unaffiliated company whereby Symphony agreed to purchase a 10% interest in IWN,
Inc. for $350,000 and would make capital contributions totaling $2,650,000 to
IWN L.P., a limited partnership of which IWN Inc. is the general partner.
The Agreement includes a provision whereby Symphony has the option to put
("Put Option") its partnership interest and its shares of IWN Inc. to NTN during
the period from April 1, 1997 through December 1, 1997 for certain
consideration. Accordingly, the Company has included the accounts and results of
operations of. IWN L.P. in the Company's consolidated financial statements.
On April 8, 1997, Symphony exercised the Put Option. At December 31, 1996,
the aggregate obligation, assuming the Put Option would be exercised, was
$3,045,000. This amount has been recorded as a short-term borrowing in the
consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 1996. The Put Option is
payable in cash or common stock, or a combination thereof, at Symphony's
election (subject to the Company's determination of sufficient funds available),
or conversely Symphony can elect to accept a promissory note for up to two years
bearing interest at 27.5% per annum. Operating losses for IWN L.P. aggregated
$2,961,000 in 1996.
For the current period, total revenues increased 28% from $20,082,000 to
$25,711,000. This increase is the result of growth in most of the Company's
principal revenue activities, Network Services and Online/Internet Services.
Network Services increased 29% from $15,559,000 to $20,029,000. The
increase is primarily due to an expansion in the number of subscriber locations
contracting for services. Online/Internet Services increased 192% from $620,000
to $1,811,000 due to an increase in services to online customers and a notable
growth in consumer revenue hours. In addition, the Company has increased the
number of programs available through this distribution platform. Advertising
revenues related to both Network Services and Online/Internet Services increased
41% from $1,128,000 to $1,590,000 primarily due to an increased number of
commercial spots sold.
Equipment Sales, net decreased 3% from $1,803,000 to $1,757,000. Equipment
sales are predominantly with foreign licensees which are subject to outside
influences and can occur at random times throughout the year. Equipment sales
have been highly volatile in the past and are expected to remain so, as they are
dependent upon the timing of expansion plans of the Company's foreign licensees
and its educational customers.
Operating Expenses related to Network Services and Online/Internet Services
rose from $4,799,000 to $8,602,000, an increase of 79%. The increase is largely
attributable to a charge of $2,478,000 for a write-down of obsolete equipment
and to the expansion in the number of subscribers and on-line services
contracting for services. Exclusive of the charge for obsolete equipment,
operating costs increased 28% compared to a combined increase in Network
Services and Online/Internet Services revenues of 35%.
Selling, General and Administrative expenses increased 55% from $13,080,000
to $20,232,000. Included in selling, general and administrative expenses are
several significant charges incurred in 1996. The significant charges include an
accrual of $1,910,000 pursuant to SFAS No. 123 related to the issuance of
warrants; an accrual of severance benefits to certain officers and other
employees of $840,000; an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts of
$1,840,000 due to risks associated with Network Service customers, educational
and international customers; additional marketing expenses incurred during the
period that shipments of Playmakers(R) were suspended pending approval from the
FCC of $350,000; and a charge of $222,000 related to a change in estimate for
deferred advertising costs.
Litigation, Legal and Professional expenses increased 277% from $1,720,000
to $6,484,000 due to charges and legal fees associated with settling various
litigation and on-going operations. Included in Legal and Professional services
in 1996 is a charge of $400,000 for settlement and an additional $1,234,000 for
the potential liability associated with the issuance of warrants as part of a
settlement. Equipment lease expense increased 73% from $3,957,000 to $6,837,000
due to the increase in equipment under lease agreements for the majority of the
year and the buyout in late 1996 of certain lease obligations resulting in a
charge of $2,007,000. Depreciation expense increased
25
117% from $481,000 to $1,042,000 due to the higher base of depreciable assets
that resulted from the buyout. Research and Development expense increased 131%,
from $1,471,000 to $3,396,000 as the Company expanded its development of gaming
applications and continued its exploration of new technical platforms and
interactive services.
In connection with the Reorganization, the Company canceled certain notes
receivable due from executive officers resulting in an expense of $4,252,000.
Other Charges of $721,000 include a write-down of assets associated with
business activities that the Company has determined will no longer be pursued.
Other Income (Expense) decreased from $1,409,000 to $1,000 in 1996. The
1996 results include accreted interest expense associated with the Settlement
Warrants of $57,000. The 1995 results include reimbursement of previously
incurred legal expenses from the Company's insurance carrier of approximately
$1,000,000. There was no tax expense in 1996 and 1995 primarily due to taxable
losses and offsetting temporary differences in both years. The Company currently
has available approximately $33,000,000 of net operating loss carryovers for
federal tax purposes.
Year Ended December 31, 1995 as Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 1994
The Company reported a net loss of $3,948,000 for the year ended December
31, 1995 compared to net earnings of $707,000 for the year ended December 31,
1994. The 1995 and 1994 results have been adjusted to reflect the sale of New
World in 1996 as a discontinued operation.
In 1994, the Company formed LearnStar to pursue interactive educational
applications in the United States. Most of 1994 was devoted to beta testing the
product and conducting preliminary market tests. In 1995, LearnStar began
marketing and selling its product on a full-time basis. Due to start-up costs
and relatively higher marketing costs during the first year of operations, the
LearnStar operations incurred a net loss of $2,149,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1995.
In 1995, the Company set up an allowance of $1,000,000 for inventory in
connection with the upgrading of its broadcast distribution system and expensed
$754,000 of costs incurred in connection with the development of the market in
Mexico. Further, in 1995, the Company experienced a substantial increase in
legal expenses due to increased activities in litigation and other legal matters
along with increased costs of developing and providing products and services,
and increased marketing expenditures.
Total revenues increased 24% from $16,146,000 to $20,082,000. This increase
is the result of growth in many of the Company's principal revenue activities.
Network Services increased 38% from $11,271,000 to $15,559,000. This
increase is primarily due to an expansion in the number of subscriber locations
and contracting for services from the Company. Online/Internet Services
increased 14% from $542,000 to $620,000. This increase is due to the steady
growth of the number of consumers using these services. Advertising revenue
increased 162% from $431,000 to $1,128,000, predominantly due to an increase of
spots and sponsorships sold.
Equipment Sales, net increased 10% from $1,634,000 to $1,803,000. Equipment
sales include both sale and leaseback transactions and direct sales to the
Company's customers. Equipment sales have been highly volatile in the past and
are expected to remain so, as they are dependent on the timing of expansion
plans of the Company's foreign licensees and, its educational subscribers. The
sales price and cost of sales for equipment sold to customers and others has
been constant for the past two years. Accordingly, the increase in sales for
equipment sold to customers from 1994 to 1995 is wholly attributable to changes
in volume.
License and Royalty Fees and Other Revenue decreased from $2,268,000 to
$972,000 in the current year's period and is predominantly comprised of license
fees and royalties. License Fees in 1995 predominantly relates to Network
Services and international licensing opportunities whereas in 1994 license fees
primarily consisted of inventory transferred to the Company by its United
Kingdom licensee in exchange for release from a license agreement. Licensing
arrangements are not dependent upon seasonal forces and will vary in type and
amount from period to period.
Operating Expenses for Network Services and Online/Internet Services
increased 64% from $2,923,000 to $4,799,000. The increase is largely
attributable to a charge of $1,000,000 in connection with broadcast equipment
and
26
the expansion in the number of subscribers contracting for services. Selling,
General and Administrative expenses rose from $7,728,000 in 1994 to $13,080,000
in 1995, an increase of 69% due to an increase in the number of employees hired
to develop and produce new products and services and large increases in
marketing activities related to the development of the LearnStar products and
services. Legal and Professional Fees increased 192% from $590,000 to $1,720,000
due to substantial legal expenses incurred relating to litigation and other
legal and corporate matters. Equipment lease expense increased 74% from
$2,275,000 to $3,957,000 due to the increase in equipment under lease agreements
related to the expansion of the NTN Network. Research and Development expense
decreased from $1,972,000 to $1,471,000, or 25% as the Company increased its
efforts in projects in current production.
Other Income (Expense) increased from $412,000 to $1,409,000 or 228%.
Included in Other Income reimbursement of previously incurred legal expenses
from the Company's insurance carrier of approximately $1,000,000. There was no
tax expense in 1995 and 1994 primarily due to taxable losses and offsetting
temporary differences in both years.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Following is a discussion of the Company's recent and future sources of and
demands on liquidity, as well as an analysis of liquidity levels. Expenditures
have exceeded revenues from operations through most of the Company's history and
may do so in the future. The Company plans to fund any such deficiency from its
existing cash and, if necessary, from other sources, as discussed below.
In 1996, the Company reported a loss of $22,952,000. The 1996 results
include substantial charges for the management reorganization and layoffs of
other personnel, cancellation of debt, loss on buyout of lease obligations, a
write-down of assets associated with business activities that the Company has
determined will no longer be pursued, write-down for obsolete inventory and
equipment, and accrual for legal and litigation settlements. In addition, the
current year includes charges related to the issuance of equity instruments as
recorded under the guidelines of SFAS 123. Many of these are non-cash related
charges which will have no impact on future cash flow. None of the non-cash
charges are due to contractions in the core businesses of the Company, and
therefore are not expected to effect future liquidity or results of operations.
Charges for the management reorganization and potential liabilities related to
settlement of litigation will generally be paid over an extended period of time
in excess of one year. The management reorganization and lay-offs of other
employees were not due to a contraction in the Company's core businesses, but
rather are cost-cutting measures being implemented to improve operations. These
liabilities, depending on the extent and timing, could effect future liquidity,
but are expected to be funded from on-going operations.
Total assets decreased 31% from $41,221,000 to $28,504,000 from December
31, 1995 to December 31, 1996. The decrease in assets is primarily due to the
significant charges recorded in the third and fourth quarters noted above. Cash
increased slightly from $6,485,000 at December 31, 1995 to $6,579,000 at
December 31, 1996. Interest-bearing security deposits decreased from $3,775,000
to zero due to the buyout of certain sale and leaseback agreements.
The 24% decrease in Accounts Receivable - Trade from $2,668,000 to
$2,031,000 at December 31, 1996, reflects the overall growth of the Company's
primary operations, the effect of churn from Network Services customers and an
increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts due to risks associated with
Network Service customers, educational and international customers. Accounts
Receivable- Other decreased from $1,750,000 to zero, the result of payments
received and the buyout of certain lease obligations. Notes Receivable - Related
Parties decreased from $4,468,000 to zero, primarily due to the cancellation of
notes receivable related to the management reorganization.
As previously noted, in the fourth quarter of 1996 the Company completed a
program to repurchase inventory and equipment previously sold to and leased back
from third parties. Accordingly, Broadcast Equipment, formerly shown as
Inventory, has been reclassified to non-current assets. The Company does not
intend to sell this equipment in the future, accordingly, depreciation of these
assets commenced in the fourth quarter of 1996. The new policy is expected to
result in improved cash flow due to the elimination of many lease payments.
Further, the Company evaluated its current inventory in light of current and
anticipated operations and determined that certain equipment had become obsolete
and would not be used in the future. Accordingly, a charge of $2,478,000 was
recorded in the 1996 to write-off these assets.
27
Total liabilities increased 135% from $7,770,000 to $18,282,000 from
December 31, 1995 to December 31, 1996. The increase in Accounts Payable and
Accrued Liabilities from $2,877,000 to $6,182,000 reflects the overall growth of
the Company, the timing of payments, an accrual for liabilities due to severance
of officers and employees and accounting and legal expenses. Short-term
borrowings of $5,060,000 consists of $2,015,000, secured by the cash surrender
value of life insurance policies, and $3,045,000 related to the IWN Put Option.
On April 8, 1997, the holder of the IWN Put Option (Symphony) informed the
Company that the Put Option was being exercised immediately. The Put Option is
payable in cash or common stock, or a combination thereof, at Symphony's
election (subject to the Company's determination of sufficient funds available),
or conversely Symphony can elect to accept a promissory note for up to two years
bearing interest at 27.5% per annum.
The decrease in total Deferred Revenue (long-term and current) from
$2,253,000 to $1,254,000 reflects the buy-out of lease obligations, amortization
of deferred gains, offset by a $500,000 deferral related to an agreement with
Bell Canada. Revenue related to the Bell Canada agreement will be recognized as
product is scheduled to be delivered, beginning in 1997. Other long-term
liabilities is comprised of amounts related to settlement agreements.
Overall, the Company's working capital decreased $21,528,000 from December
31, 1995 to December 31, 1996, primarily the result of the use of cash to buyout
of lease obligations, the significant accruals for settlement agreement and
other liabilities in late 1996 and the reclassification of Broadcast equipment
to non-current assets. At December 31, 1996, the Company had a net working
capital deficiency of $2,120,000. Revenues from the principal business
activities, Network Services, Online/Internet Services, and Advertising grew 35%
in the year ended December 31, 1996 compared to the prior year. The Software
Development and Distribution segment (New World) was sold in June 1996 and no
longer represents a business segment. The Company is expected to continue to
require additional working capital for operating expenses, new services
development, marketing of services and purchase of the hardware components used
in the reception of its services. There can be no assurance that the Company's
currently available resources will be sufficient to allow the Company to support
its operations until such time, if any, as its internally generated cash flow is
able to sustain the Company.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared
assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As shown in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered
recurring losses from operations and has a net working capital deficiency of
$2,120,000 as of December 31, 1996. Additionally, the Company has utilized
significant cash flows from operating activities of $8,655,000. These conditions
raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going
concern. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments
that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Management has implemented an organizational and strategic restructuring
aimed at reducing overhead expenses by 20% and rationalizing the Company's
business lines. This involved a workforce reduction, including five senior
officers, the buyout of many high-rate lease obligations, and restructuring its
management personnel and responsibilities. Management believes that these
factors will contribute toward achieving profitability and improving cash flow.
The Company had $6,579,000 of cash available at December 31, 1996. As noted
earlier, the Company completed a plan to repurchase equipment related to certain
lease obligations. This transaction is expected to result in improved cash flow
due to the elimination of the lease payments. Further, following the
Reorganization, the Company implemented an organization and strategic
restructuring plan aimed at reducing overhead expenses, which included a
workforce reduction and re-focusing on immediate goals designed to generate
immediate results.
The Company has both short-term and long-term needs for cash outside of its
normal operating needs. In recent months, the Company has experienced technical
problems related to its Playmaker(R) device. Further, the Company has also
experienced an unusually high rate of customers discontinuing service. A task
force has been assembled to review the issue and to make recommendations to
improve Playmaker(R) performance. Based on preliminary data, the Company
believes that any required changes can be effected within the next year. The
costs are estimated to be less than $1 million and are expected to be funded
through current operational cash flow. The Company anticipates that the number
of customers discontinuing service due to technical problems may revert to
historical levels once the Playmaker(R) performance has been improved, although
no assurances can be given that a solution can be reached without undue delay or
cost. If the technical problems persist for an extended period of time, it may
negatively impact the Company's cash flow from operations.
28
As noted earlier, the Company completed a reorganization of its management
team that will require the payment to former officers over the next three years.
These payments include contractual amounts under employment agreements and
payment for unused vacation leave. Further, payments in 1997 include amounts due
for previously deferred compensation of approximately $500,000. The Company has
specific assets identified that will be liquidated to pay-off the deferred
compensation obligation; therefore, no current cash assets will be utilized for
that portion of the obligation. All other obligations owing to former officers
are expected to be funded through operations through 1999.
The Company has several lawsuits pending. In 1996, the Company settled one
lawsuit by establishing a settlement fund consisting of $400,000 in cash and
565,000 warrants to purchase the common stock of the Company. This settlement
minimizes the amount of cash used and provides for possible future inflow of
cash if the warrants are exercised. The Company is currently attempting to
settle other lawsuits and may settle these using a similar format of minimal
cash and equity instruments.
As part of the Reorganization, the Company terminated the pension and
deferred compensation plan that benefited only former officers. The termination
of these plans will generate approximately $500,000 in cash, after payment of
related loans against these assets.
The Company believes that its cash balances, cash generated from
termination of the pension and deferred compensation plans, and cash flow from
operations in the coming year will be adequate to cover its capital and other
needs for 1997. The Company also has many outstanding options and warrants for
the purchase of Company stock that will reach maturity in 1997. Many of these
options and warrants are exercisable at below the current trading price of the
Company's stock and may result in additional cash proceeds, if exercised.
In the past, the Company has been able to fund its operations and improve
its working capital position by sales of Common Stock, upon exercise of warrants
and options, by leasing transactions for equipment in use at subscriber
locations, and by licensing its technology to foreign licensees. The Company is
exploring alternative capital financing possibilities which may include (i)
licensing and related royalties of the Company's technology and products; (ii)
borrowing arrangements under fixed and revolving credit agreements; or (iii)
sale of additional equity securities. The Company may negotiate for additional
lease and debt financing and additional foreign licensing, however, the extent
to which any of the foregoing may be accomplished, if at all, cannot be
predicted at this time.
The Company has certain lawsuits pending as previously described in "Legal
Proceedings. The Company believes, based in part on the advice of outside,
independent counsel, that there is no basis to claimants allegations, but to
avoid the expense and disruption of protracted litigation has settled certain
cases and may continue to attempt to settle others. The Company provided a
charge against its current earnings for such possible actions, There can be no
assurances that the Company will be successful in settling or defending such
actions or that any or all actions would be decided in favor of the Company or
that the continued cost of defending and prosecuting these actions will not have
a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of
operations.
Marketing and Expansion Plan
The Company's plan to reach profitability includes the following elements:
(i) reorganizing and expanding the sales staff; (ii) increasing advertising
sales; (iii) expanding products and services to a wider variety of technological
platforms (iv) expanding Company services to education customers; and (v)
pursuit of additional foreign licensing opportunities.
Throughout the Company's history, the principal component of its revenues
has been derived from Network Services to Locations in the hospitality industry
(restaurants, taverns and hotels). Management believes that this component will
continue to grow in total revenues within the next year, but may decline as a
percentage of the Company's total revenues. To increase the number of Locations,
the Company has taken several steps. It reorganized its sales staff to
accommodate the growth in 1996 and the anticipated growth in 1997. The Company
offers sales and technical support to its independent distributors, who are
responsible for marketing the Company's services to potential Locations. In
1997, the Company will continue to attend national and regional hospitality
industry trade shows and has maintained its budget for advertising in trade
publications.
29
A major source of growth in 1996 was from Online/Internet Services revenue.
The Company will continue to provide additional programs to current customers in
an effort to increase consumer revenue hours. In addition, the Company will
continue to seek new outlets for its programs and also provide production
services for a fee.
In 1996, the Company enhanced its graphics capabilities and obtained
additional advertising revenues from national advertisers. The Company has a
full-time advertising sales staff and is currently negotiating with several
potential advertisers for commercial spots on the NTN Network as well for the
Company's Online/Internet programs.
Management believes that another market segment with potential for long-
term growth is the market for interactive television services in the home. The
Company expects to remain a provider of specialized programming to networks
operated by other organizations, such as cable networks, computer on-line
systems and wireless or telephone-based communication networks. The Company
expects to deliver the video portion of its programming directly to cable
television systems, with viewer responses processed using equipment developed by
others. In light of this, the Company expects that any significant revenues from
home use of the Company's services will be dependent upon an expansion in the
overall home viewer market for home interactive information and entertainment
services. The Company maintains excellent working relationships with major
providers of home interactive information and entertainment services. As the
market for home interactive information and entertainment services expands, the
Company will seek to capitalize on this market. Revenues to date from in-home
programming have not been significant. No assurance can be given that plans to
expand into the interactive television market will be successful.
The Company has plans to expand its penetration in the education sector as
well. Currently, the LearnStar System is operational at over 100 schools
throughout the nation. In 1997, the Company will focus efforts to expand into
additional schools in many states. Revenues from these sources have not been
significant in the past and no assurance can be given that plans to expand the
education market will be successful.
Although there can be no assurance that the Company will prove to be
successful in implementing its marketing and expansion plan, Management believes
that the Company's prospects have been materially improved by the growth of its
core business activities and increased customer awareness.
30
PART III
MANAGEMENT
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
--------------------------------------------------
The following table sets forth as of December 31, 1996 certain information
regarding the directors and executive officers of NTN Communications, Inc. (the
"Company"):
Name Age Position(s) Held
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Edward Frazier (1) 44 Chairman of the Board of Directors and
Interim Chief Executive Officer
Gerald Sokol, Jr. 34 President and, Chief Financial Officer,
Director
Robert M. Bennett(1) 70 Director
Patrick J. Downs (2) 60 Director
Daniel C. Downs (2) 57 Director
Donald C. Klosterman 67 Director
Alan P. Magerman 62 Director
Jerry V. Petrie 55 Executive Vice President-Marketing
Colleen Anderson 46 President, IWN Inc.
- ---------------
(1) Member of Executive Committee, Audit Committee, and Compensation
Committee.
(2) Patrick J. Downs and Daniel C. Downs are brothers.
The following biographical information is furnished with respect to the
directors and executive officers:
Gerald Sokol, Jr. joined the Company in July 1996 as Chief Financial
Officer. In November 1996 he became Chief Operating Officer and in February 1997
he was promoted to President. In April 1997, he was appointed to the Board of
Directors. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Sokol was Vice President of Finance
and Treasurer of TeleCommunications, Inc. since 1987.
Robert M. Bennett has been a director since August 1996. From 1989 to the
present, Mr. Bennett has been the President of Trans Atlantic Entertainment.
Prior to 1989, Mr. Bennett was the President of Metromedia Broadcasting, a
division of Metromedia, Inc.
Edward Frazier has been a director since August 1996 and Chairman of the
Board since March 1997. From 1989 until 1996, Mr. Frazier was the President and
Chief Executive Officer of Liberty Sports. In August 1996, Mr. Frazier founded
Frazier/King Media, a media property holding company and consulting firm.
Patrick J. Downs has been a director since April 1985. Mr. Downs was
Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company from April 1994 until March
1997. Mr. Downs also served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the
Company (or its predecessor) from 1983 until March 1997.
Daniel C. Downs has been a director since April 1985. Mr. Downs was
President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company from April 1994 until March
1997, prior to which time Mr. Downs served as Executive Vice President `and
Chief Operating Officer of the Company (or its predecessor) since 1983. Until
March 1997, Mr. Downs also served as a director and as Chairman of the Board of
the Company's IWN, Inc. subsidiary.
31
Donald C. Klosterman has been a director of the Company (or its
predecessor) since 1983. He currently serves as the President of Pacific Casino
Management, Inglewood, California. Mr. Klosterman served as Chairman of the
Board of the Company from 1985 until April 1994. From 1982 until March 1997, he
also has acted as a consultant to the Company. Mr. Klosterman is a director of
Aldila Shaft Manufacturer.
Alan P. Magerman has served a director of the Company since November 1991.
From 1991 to 1995, Mr. Magerman was the founder and Chairman of the Board of
Odyssey Sports Inc., a privately held company engaged in the development and
distribution of golf clubs. Mr. Magerman also is a director of The Oracle Group,
a private financial and business consulting firm, and a director of Vision
Development Centers, which provides vision care services.
Jerry V. Petrie has served as Executive Vice President and Director of
Marketing since September 1993 and is responsible for the creation of
advertiser-themed programs and marketing strategies for NTN Network advertisers.
He joined the Company in 1986. From 1986 to 1993, he served as President of NTN
Sports, Inc., the exclusive license holder of NTN Communications, Inc. in
Canada.
Colleen Anderson has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of
IWN, Inc. since October 1994. From 1987 until 1993, she was President of
Services Division of Comdata Corporation, a public company, responsible for
providing electronic funds transfer (EFT) and on-line transaction processing
services to the gaming industry. In 1984, Ms. Anderson founded Cashchek
International, Inc., a competitor of Comdata, and served as its President until
1986, when Cashchek was sold to American Express. From 1986 until joining
Comdata Corporation, she continued to serve as President of Cashchek.
Section 16(A) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
-------------------------------------------------------
Under the federal securities laws, the Company's directors and officers and
any persons holding more than 10% of the Company's Common Stock are required to
report their ownership of the Company's Common Stock and any changes in that
ownership to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Specific due dates for
these reports have been established, and the Company is required to report any
failure to file by these dates. During 1996, all of these filing requirements
were satisfied by its directors, officers and 10% stockholders, except as
follows:
Patrick J. Downs, the Company's former Chairman of the Board and Chief
Executive Officer, failed to report under Section 16 a gift by him of 5,156
shares of the Company's Common Stock in July 1996. Jon Van Caneghem, the former
President of the Company's New World Computing, Inc. subsidiary, failed to
report a private sale by him to the Company in January 1996 of 25,000 shares of
Common Stock and a subsequent public sale in June 1996 of 34,000 shares of
Common Stock. Finally, Donald C. Klosterman, a director of the Company, failed
to report a change in beneficial ownership of 70,000 shares of Common Stock when
his former wife was assigned these shares in April 1996 as part of a marital
dissolution. In each case, the officer or director involved failed to notify the
person at the Company responsible for assisting officers and directors in
meeting their Section 16 reporting obligations.
In making these statements, the Company has relied upon a review of Forms
3, 4 and 5 and amendments thereto furnished to the Company pursuant to Rule 16a-
3 under the Exchange Act during fiscal 1996 and the written representations of
its directors and officers.
32
Item 11. Executive Compensation
----------------------
Summary Compensation Table
The following Summary Compensation Table shows the compensation paid or
accrued as of each of the last three fiscal years to the Chief Executive Officer
of the Company and to the four most highly compensated executive officers of the
Company who were serving as executive officers at the end of fiscal year 1996
(collectively, the "Named Executive Officers").
Long-
Term
Annual Compensation Compensation
Awards
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Securities
Other Annual Underlying
Name and Principal Position Year Salary (1) Bonus Compensation Options
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gerald Sokol Jr. (3)
Chief Financial Officer and
Chief Operating Officer 1996 $ 87,423 -- $164,480 (4) 875,000
Patrick J. Downs (2)
Chief Executive Officer 1996 192,885 -- 930,879 (5) 200,000
1995 192,044 -- -- 200,000
1994 169,950 -- -- 200,000
Daniel C. Downs (2)
President 1996 192,885 -- 629,141 (5) 200,000
1995 192,044 -- -- 200,000
1994 169,950 -- -- 200,000
Gerald P. McLaughlin (2)
Executive Vice President -
Systems 1996 186,100 -- 492,690 (5) 25,000
1995 184,333 -- -- 75,000
1994 163,126 -- -- 75,000
Ronald E. Hogan (2)
Executive Vice President -
Administration 1996 151,617 -- 445,384 (5) 20,000
1995 150,177 -- -- 50,000
1994 132,900 -- -- 75,000
-------------------
(1) Includes amounts, if any, deferred under the Company's 401(k) Plan and
Deferred Compensation Plan.
(2) In March 1997, NTN announced a reorganization of its executive management
personnel in which Patrick J. Downs resigned as Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer of NTN and Daniel C. Downs resigned as NTN's
President. Both continued to serve on NTN's Board of Directors until August
27, 1997 at which date they resigned from the Board of Directors. In
connection with the reorganization, Ronald E. Hogan resigned as Senior Vice
President and Gerald P. McLaughlin, formerly Executive Vice President of NTN
was terminated.
(3) Mr. Sokol joined the Company in July 1996. No data is available for prior
years.
33
(4) Represents a $150,000 home loan made to Mr. Sokol in August 1996, which in
accordance with its terms was forgiven in March 1997, and moving expenses
paid or reimbursed by NTN in connection with Mr. Sokol's joining NTN.
(5) In March 1997, NTN entered into separate Resignation and General
Release Agreements (the "Resignation Agreements") with each of the Named
Executive Officers indicated for the purpose of settling their prior employment
agreements and other contracts and arrangements with NTN. See "Termination of
Employment and Change in Control Arrangements." Each of the former Named
Executive Officers was indebted to NTN for prior loans extended to them by NTN
in the amounts shown in the table. In accordance with the original terms of the
loans, pursuant to the Resignation Agreements, NTN agreed to cancel such
indebtedness as of December 31, 1996. Pursuant to the Resignation Agreements,
each of the former executives agreed to enter into Consulting Agreements with
NTN, in consideration of which NTN agreed to honor certain provisions of the
prior employment agreements of the Named Executive Officers which called for
NTN's payment of the former Named Executives Officers' annual salaries for the
remaining terms of such employment agreements. These payments, along with
payments for accrued vacation and certain other amounts which NTN paid or has
agreed to pay to the former Named Executive Officers, will be reported as
required in future reports of NTN relating to the periods for which such
payments are made.
Stock Option Grants
The following table contains information concerning grants of stock options
during fiscal 1996 with respect to the Named Executive Officers.
OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
Potential Realizable
Value at Assumed
Annual Rates of Stock
Price Appreciation for
Individual Grants Option Term (1)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------
Number of % of
Shares Total Options
Underlying Granted to
Options Employees In
Name Granted Fiscal Year Exercise Price Expiration Date 5% 10%
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------
Gerald Sokol, Jr. 78,740 (2) 2.8% $2.81 7/16/06 139,149 352,631
221,260 (3) 7.9% 2.81 8/15/06 391,009 990,894
400,000 (4) 14.3% 2.81 8/15/06 706,878 1,791,367
175,000 (5) 6.2% 2.81 11/03/06 309,259 783,723
Patrick J. Downs 200,000 (6) 7.2% 3.50 11/03/06 440,226 1,115,620
Daniel C. Downs 200,000 (6) 7.2% 3.50 11/03/06 440,226 1,115,620
Gerald P. McLaughlin 25,000 (7) 0.9% 3.50 11/03/06 55,028 139,452
Ronald E. Hogan 20,000 (8) 0.7% 3.50 11/03/06 44,023 111,562
--------------------
34
(1) The 5% and 10% assumed rates of appreciation are prescribed by the
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and do not
represent management's estimate or projection of future value of the Common
Stock.
(2) Represents an option granted under NTN's 1995 Option Plan. The option
was immediately exercisable upon grant as to 19,685 shares covered thereby and
was to become exercisable as to the balance of the covered shares in three equal
installments on each of the first, second, and third anniversaries of the date
of the grant, subject to acceleration in the event of a "Change in Control
Event" (as defined). Such a Change of Control Event occurred in March 1997 as a
consequence of the reorganization of the Company's management, and the option
became vested and exercisable in full as of that time. The original exercise
price of the option of $5.08 per share was reduced in May 1997 to the exercise
price shown in the table.
(3) Represents an option granted under NTN's 1995 Option Plan. The option
was immediately exercisable upon grant as to 80,315 shares covered thereby and
was to become exercisable as to the balance of 140,945 covered shares in three
equal installments on each of the first, second, and third anniversaries of the
date of the grant, subject to acceleration in the event of a "Change in Control
Event" (as defined). Such a Change of Control Event occurred in March 1997 as a
consequence of the reorganization of the Company's management, and all of the
option became vested and exercisable in full as of that time. The original
exercise price of the option of $5.00 per share was reduced in May 1997 to the
exercise price shown in the table.
(4) Represents a special option which is to become exercisable only if the
closing price of the Common Stock is at least $11 per share for more than ten
consecutive days prior to August 15, 1998, subject to acceleration in the event
of a "Change in Control Event" (as defined). Such a Change of Control occurred
in March 1997 as a consequence of the reorganization of the Company's
management, and the option became vested and exercisable in full as of that
time. The original exercise price of the option of $5.00 per share was reduced
in May 1997 to the exercise price shown in the table.
(5) Represents an option granted under NTN's 1995 Option Plan which is to
become exercisable in three equal installments on each of the first, second and
third anniversaries of the date of grant only in the event NTN meets its 1997
operating budget, subject to acceleration in the event of a "Change in Control"
(as defined) of NTN. If NTN does not meet its operating budget for 1997, the
options then become exercisable in three equal installments on each of the
first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant only in the event NTN
meets its 1998 operating budget, subject to acceleration in the event of a
"Change in Control Event" (as defined) of NTN. The original exercise price of
the option of $3.50 per share was reduced in May 1997 to the exercise price
shown in the table.
(6) Represents options granted under the Company's 1995 Option Plan which
were immediately exercisable upon grant.
(7) Represents options granted under the Company's 1995 Option Plan which
became exercisable in March 1997.
(8) These options were cancelled in March 1997 in connection with Mr.
Hogan's resignation from NTN.
35
Stock Option Exercises and Option Values
The following table contains information concerning stock options
unexercised at the end of fiscal 1996 with respect to the Named Executive
Officers.
AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
AND FISCAL YEAR-END OPTION VALUES
Number of Securities Value of Unexercised
Underlying Unexercised In-the-Money Options at Fiscal
Options At Fiscal Year-End Year-End (1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares
Acquired on Value
Name Exercise Realized Exercisable Unexercisable Exercisable Unexercisable
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gerald Sokol, Jr. -- -- 100,000 775,000 100,250 776,938 (2)
Patrick J. Downs -- -- 750,000 -- (3) 146,875 *
Daniel C. Downs -- -- 750,000 -- (4) 146,875 *
Gerald P. McLaughlin 1,070 $ 869 250,000 -- (5) * *
Ronald E. Hogan 15,577 12,656 413,000 -- (6) 175,313 *
---------------
(1) Represents the amount by which the aggregate market price on December 31,
1996 of the shares of the Company's Common Stock subject to such options
exceeded the respective exercise prices of such options. An asterisk denotes
that the respective exercise prices of the options shown exceeded the market
price of the underlying shares of Common Stock at December 31, 1996.
(2) Based on the exercise price of the options as amended in May 1997.
(3) Effective December 31, 1996, Patrick J. Downs surrendered to the Company for
cancellation incentive and non-qualified options to purchase 634,000 shares of
Common Stock of the Company.
(4) Effective December 31, 1996, Daniel C. Downs surrendered to the Company for
cancellation incentive and non-qualified options to purchase 684,000 shares of
Common Stock of the Company.
(5) Effective December 31, 1996, Gerald P. McLaughlin surrendered to the Company
for cancellation incentive and non-qualified options to purchase 200,000 shares
of Common Stock of the Company. At the same time, the Company vested certain
options held by Mr. McLaughlin to purchase 100,000 shares and issued to Mr.
McLaughlin a fully vested option to purchase 150,000 shares of Common Stock of
the Company.
(6) Effective December 31, 1996, Ronald E. Hogan surrendered to the Company for
cancellation incentive and non-qualified options to purchase 245,000 shares of
Common Stock of the Company.
Director Compensation
Directors currently receive cash compensation of $2,000 per month for their
services as directors. Directors are also eligible for the grant of options or
warrants to purchase common stock from time to time for services in their
capacity as directors.
Upon joining the Board in August 1996, Messrs. Bennett and Frazier were
granted options to purchase 100,000 shares each at an exercise price of $5.00
per share. These options became vested as to one-third of the shares covered
thereby on the first anniversary of grant date and will become vested and
exercisable as to the balance of the covered shares in two equal installments on
the second and third anniversaries of the grant date, subject to Messrs.
36
Bennett and Frazier remaining as directors. The options were amended in May 1997
to reduce their exercise prices to $2.81 per share and to provide for immediate
vesting and exercisability in the event of a "Change of Control Event" as
defined.
Upon joining the Board in September 1997, Ms. Rodriguez was granted options
to purchase 100,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $23.56 per
share. Ms. Rodriguez's options will become vested and exercisable in three equal
installments on the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date,
subject to Ms. Rodriguez remaining as a director. The options provide for
immediate vesting in full in the event of a "Change of Control Event" as
defined.
Termination of Employment and Change in Control Arrangements
In March 1997, following an internal review by NTN's independent directors
acting with advice of counsel to the independent directors, NTN agreed with
Patrick J. Downs, Daniel C. Downs, Gerald P. McLaughlin, and Ronald E. Hogan
that each officer would resign or be terminated. Pursuant to Resignation
Agreements between each former officer and NTN, the existing employment
agreements of the former officers were terminated and each former officer
entered into Consulting Agreements with NTN, under which each former officer
agreed to consult with NTN on such matters as it may request from time to time.
The three-year terms of the Consulting Agreements coincide with the remaining
terms of the prior employment agreements.
Pursuant to the Resignation Agreements, NTN agreed to honor certain
provisions of the prior employment agreements of the former officers which
called for payment of the former officers' annual salaries for the remaining
terms of such employment agreements and to pay the former officers all deferred
compensation and accrued vacation accumulated by them through December 31, 1996.
The former officers relinquished any right under the prior employment agreements
to certain bonuses based on future performance of NTN and surrendered to NTN for
cancellation certain options held by them to purchase an aggregate of 1,763,000
shares of Common Stock. The Resignation Agreements also contain mutual, general
releases between NTN and each of the former officers with respect to their prior
employment and other relations between the parties.
Patrick J. Downs, Daniel C. Downs, Gerald P. McLaughlin, and Ronald E.
Hogan will receive under their Consulting Agreements the sum of $746,160,
$746,160, $812,887 and $583,492, respectively. The resigning officers also will
continue to receive medical benefits and life insurance paid for by NTN, and for
36 months, Patrick J. Downs, Daniel C. Downs and Gerald P. McLaughlin will
continue to receive a monthly car allowance.
In connection with the Consulting Agreements, NTN also agreed to extend the
expiration dates of certain options and warrants held by the former officers
and, with respect to Patrick J. Downs and Daniel C. Downs, to waive provisions
of their respective stock options which required the exercise of certain options
within a specified period of time following termination. Using the 5% and 10%
assumed rates of appreciation prescribed by the rules and regulations of the
Securities and Exchange Commission, the potential realizable value to the former
officers of these option and warrant extensions and waivers is as follows:
Patrick J. Downs --$850,670 and $2,076,507, respectively; Daniel C. Downs --
$931,443 and $2,259,752, respectively; Gerald P. McLaughlin -- $392,543 and
$947,099, respectively; and Ronald E. Hogan --$527,940 and $1,231,620,
respectively.
In connection with the management reorganization, NTN agreed to the vesting
of certain options held by Mr. McLaughlin to purchase 100,000 shares and issued
to Mr. McLaughlin a fully vested option to purchase 150,000 shares of Common
Stock of NTN. NTN also paid Alan P. Magerman, a director of NTN and aggregate of
$225,000 and purchased from Mr. Magerman for a price of $81,250 certain warrants
to purchase 325,000 shares of Common Stock held by Mr. Magerman.
Each of the former officers was indebted to NTN for certain prior loans
extended to them by NTN, which by their terms were cancelable under certain
circumstances in the event of termination of the officer's employment. As a
result, the management reorganization triggered the cancellation of indebtedness
of Patrick J. Downs, Daniel C. Downs, Gerald P. McLaughlin, and Ronald E. Hogan
to NTN in the amounts of $930,879, $629,141, $492,690 and $445,384,
respectively.
37
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
--------------------------------------------------------------
The following table sets forth as of April 29, 1997 the number and
percentage ownership of Common Stock by (i) all persons known to the
Company to own beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of
Common Stock based upon reports filed by each such person with the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission"), (ii) each director of
the Company, (iii) each of the Named Executive Officers, and (iv) all of
the executive officers and directors of the Company as a group. Except as
otherwise indicated, and subject to applicable community property and
similar laws, each of the persons named has sole voting and investment
power with respect to the shares of Common Stock shown. An asterisk denotes
beneficial ownership of less than 1%.
Name Number of Percent of
Shares Beneficially Common Stock (1)
Owned
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Edward C. Frazier 10,000 *
Gerald Sokol, Jr. 130,000 (2)
Daniel C. Downs (3) 928,794 (4) 4.0%
Patrick J. Downs (3) 887,819 (5) 3.4%
Donald C. Klosterman 687,749 (6) 2.8%
Alan P. Magerman 645,000 (7) 2.7%
Robert M. Bennett 70,000
Ronald E. Hogan (3) 592,047 (8) 2.4%
Gerald P. McLaughlin (3) 297,462 (9) 1.0%
All executive officers and directors of
the Company as a group (ten persons) 4,248,371 (10) 15.4%
------------------
(1) Included as outstanding for purposes of this calculation are 23,314,000
shares of Common Stock (the amount outstanding as of April 28, 1997) plus, in
the case of each particular holder, the shares of Common Stock subject to
currently exercisable options, warrants, or other instruments exercisable for or
convertible into shares of Common Stock (including such instruments exercisable
within 60 days after April 29, 1997) held by that person, which instruments are
specified by footnote. Shares issuable as part or upon exercise of outstanding
options, warrants, or other instruments other than as described in the preceding
sentence are not deemed to be outstanding for purposes of this calculation.
(2) Includes 100,000 shares subject to currently exercisable options held by Mr.
Sokol.
(3) Patrick J. Downs, Daniel C. Downs, Ronald E. Hogan, and Gerald P. McLaughlin
are no longer officers of NTN. In August 1997, Patrick J. Downs and Daniel C.
Downs resigned as directors also.
(4) Includes 250,000 shares subject to currently exercisable warrants and
416,667 shares subject to currently exercisable options held by Mr. Downs.
(5) Includes 250,000 shares subject to currently exercisable warrants and
366,667 shares subject to currently exercisable options held by Mr. Downs.
(6) Includes 200,000 shares subject to currently exercisable warrants and
150,000 shares subject to currently exercisable options held by Mr. Klosterman.
(7) Includes 245,000 shares subject to currently exercisable warrants granted to
The Oracle Group, a corporation wholly-owned by members of Mr. Magerman's
family, which were subsequently assigned to Phyllis Magerman, Mr. Magerman's
wife, and 400,000 shares subject to currently exercisable options held by Mr.
Magerman.
(8) Includes 200,000 shares subject to currently exercisable warrants and
179,667 shares subject to currently exercisable options held by Mr. Hogan.
(9) Includes 200,000 shares subject to currently exercisable options owned by
Mr. McLaughlin.
38
(10) Includes 1,345,000 shares subject to currently exercisable warrants and
1,913,000 shares subject to currently exercisable options held by executive
officers and directors, including those described in notes (2) through (9)
above.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
----------------------------------------------
As of the beginning of fiscal 1996, the Company had outstanding loans to a
director and certain of its officers, including an aggregate of $174,927
principal amount of loans made during fiscal 1996. The loans represent
withholding amounts paid by the Company on behalf of the director and officers
to taxing authorities in order to obtain a tax deduction for federal and state
income tax purposes relating to compensation to these officers and directors for
prior years. The loans were evidenced by individual promissory notes in favor of
the Company which bore interest at annual rates of between 6% and 8%, were
unsecured and were due on demand.
In April 1996, the Company restructured the loans to the director and
officers as described in the preceding paragraph. Pursuant to the restructuring,
each director and officer executed a three-year promissory note in favor of the
Company in a principal amount equal to the aggregate outstanding principal
balance and accrued interest on the loans as follows: Donald C. Klosterman -
$1,179,043; Patrick J. Downs - $680,429; Daniel C. Downs -$629,141; Gerald P.
McLaughlin - $492,691; Ronald E. Hogan - $445,384; and Robert Klosterman -
$237,383. The terms of the notes were as follows: 10% of the principal amount
was due at the end of 12 months from the date of the note; an additional 30% of
the principal amount was due at the end of 24 months; and the balance of the
principal amount (i.e., 60%) was due at the end of 36 months. The notes were
prepayable at any time without penalty and bore interest at the rate of 6% per
annum, which was payable annually in arrears.
The maker of each note had the option to satisfy amounts outstanding under
his note by relinquishing to the Company for cancellation either (i) shares of
the Company's Common Stock (valued for this purpose at the closing market price
on the date of transfer), or (ii) warrants to purchase the Company's Common
Stock (valued for this purpose at the fair market value on the date of transfer
as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company). To the
extent the maker of a note surrendered to the Company shares of Common Stock in
satisfaction of all or part of his note or interest thereon, the executive was
to be granted a 10-year nontransferable option (an incentive stock option to the
extent permissible) to purchase the same number of shares of Common Stock as
were being surrendered, which would be immediately exercisable at an exercise
price equal to the value at which the Common Stock was surrendered to the
Company in satisfaction of the note, subject to shareholder approval if required
by law or stock exchange rules.
Under the terms of the notes, if any officer was terminated by the Company
for any reason other than for "cause" at any time within the three-year term of
his note (or in the case of Donald C. Klosterman, if the stockholders failed to
reelect him to the Board of Directors), the balance of the note and any interest
accrued thereon were to be canceled. "Cause" for this purpose was defined as
personal dishonesty or willful misconduct which materially and adversely affects
the Company.
In March 1997, Patrick J. Downs, Daniel C. Downs, Ronald E. Hogan, and
Gerald P. McLaughlin resigned or were terminated. Pursuant to Resignation and
General Release Agreements effective December 31, 1996 between the Company and
each resigning officer, the Company canceled the obligations of Patrick J.
Downs, Daniel C. Downs, Ronald E. Hogan and Gerald P. McLaughlin under the
foregoing notes, the principal and accrued interest of which totaled $930,879,
$629,141, $445,384 and $492,690, respectively. See "Executive Compensation -
Employment Agreements and Termination of Employment and Change in
ControlArrangements."
In January and March 1996, the Company loaned certain directors and
executive offices amounts necessary to enable them to satisfy margin calls on
their individual margin accounts in which they hold Common Stock of the Company
in order to avoid them having to sell the Common Stock to satisfy the margin
calls. The loans were made to Donald C. Klosterman, Alan. P. Magerman, Patrick
J. Downs, and Ronald E. Hogan in the amounts of $129,500, $35,000, $106,000 and
$90,500, respectively. The loans were evidenced by promissory notes, which were
secured by a pledge of shares of Common Stock owned by the maker of the note,
and bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum. The principal amount and all
accrued interest of the notes were paid on December 31, 1996.
39
In August 1997, Patrick J. Downs, Daniel C. Downs, and Alan P. Magerman
resigned as directors of NTN. No compensation was paid to the former directors
in connection with their resignations.
Advance to Mr. Sokol
In August 1996, in connection with this agreeing to join NTN, NTN
advanced Mr. Sokol $150,000 for use in purchasing a residence in California. The
advance was to be forgiven over four years as a bonus or upon the occurrence of
a change in control of NTN. Such a change of control occurred in March 1997 as a
consequence of the reorganization of NTN's management, and the advance was
forgiven at that time.
Consulting Arrangements
In December 1996, NTN retained Frazier/King Media Holding Co.
("Frazier/King"), a media consulting firm of which Edward C. Frazier is a
principal and a 50% owner, to provide consulting services to NTN relating to the
development of a local advertising sales program. Under the terms of the one-
year engagement, NTN agreed to pay Frazier/King $100,000 in monthly
installments, plus reimbursement of expenses incurred by Frazier/King.
In March 1997, NTN entered into a Consulting Agreement with Mr. Frazier,
under which he agreed to spend on average seven days a month consulting with
management of NTN regarding NTN's operations and serving as a consultant to
NTN's President and as a member of NTN's Executive Advisory Board, which had
just been created by NTN's Board of Directors. The Executive Advisory Board was
subsequently disbanded. The Consulting Agreement will expire by its terms in
March 1999. There is no express provision in the Consulting Agreement for
earlier termination.
In consideration for his services under the foregoing Consulting Agreement,
Mr. Frazier was granted a five-year, nonqualified stock option to purchase
250,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $4.50 per share, which
will vest in 24 monthly installments of approximately 10,416 shares each,
subject to Mr. Frazier remaining as a consultant, and will become exercisable on
and after February 28, 1999. NTN also agreed to reimburse Mr. Frazier for
certain expenses relating to his consulting services. In May 1997, Mr. Frazier's
option was amended to reduce the exercise price to $2.81 and to provide that it
would become immediately exercisable in full in the event of a "Change of
Control" (as defined) of NTN. The value of the option granted Mr. Frazier under
the Consulting Agreement, as determined under SFAS 123, is approximately
$511,000. In accordance with the Consulting Agreement, NTN has reimbursed Mr.
Frazier approximately $1,000 through September 30, 1997.
In April 1997, NTN entered into another Consulting Agreement with
Frazier/King, under which Frazier/King was engaged to review and consult with
management of NTN regarding NTN's strategic business plan, current operations
and future development and to devise and structure an appropriate plan to secure
future financing for NTN. The Consulting Agreement may be terminated by NTN any
time upon ten days notice to Frazier/King in the event the Board of Directors as
a whole determines in good faith that Frazier/King has failed materially to
perform, or has breached its duties, under the Consulting Agreement.
For Frazier/King's services under the foregoing Consulting Agreement, NTN
granted Frazier/King a warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock at
an exercise price of $2.81, the approximate market value of the Common Stock on
the date of the Consulting Agreement, and agreed to reimburse Frazier/King for
expenses (other than normal operating expenses) incurred by it in performing its
consulting services. Frazier/King's warrant was immediately vested and
exercisable as to 200,000 shares of Common Stock covered thereby and will become
vested and exercisable as to the balance of 800,000 covered shares in quarterly
installments of 100,000 shares each as of the 15th day of each July, October,
January and April commencing July 15, 1997 and ending April 15, 1999, provided
that the Board of Directors of NTN has determined that Frazier/King is
performing satisfactorily under the Consulting Agreement. In connection with the
warrant granted to Frazier/King, NTN will record charges pursuant to SFAS 123
totaling approximately $2,321,000 during the period from April 1997 through
April 1999. In accordance with the terms of the Consulting Agreement, NTN has
reimbursed Frazier/King approximately $44,000 through September 30, 1997.
40
Copies of the respective Consulting Agreement with Mr. Frazier and
Frazier/King, and of the option and warrant granted to them as described above,
are included as exhibits to this Report.
Indemnity Agreements
In connection with their appointment to the Board of Directors in August
1996, the Company entered into indemnity agreements with each of Edward Frazier
and Robert M. Bennett. NTN entered into similar indemnity agreements with Gerald
Sokol Jr. and Geoffrey D. Labat in connection with their joining NTN and entered
into a similar indemnity agreement with Esther L. Rodriguez in connection with
her appointment to the Board. The indemnity agreements provide that the Company
will indemnify these individuals under certain circumstances against certain
liabilities and expenses they may incur in their capacities as directors of the
Company. The Company believes that the use of such indemnity agreements is
customary amount corporations and that the terms of the respective indemnity
agreements are reasonable and fair, and are in its best interests to retain
experienced outside directors.
41
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule, and Reports
----------------------------------------------------------------
on Form 8-K
-----------
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this report:
1,2. Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule.
The consolidated financial statements and schedule of the Company and its
consolidated subsidiaries are set forth in the "Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements" on page F-0.
3. Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed as a part of this report:
10.1 Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (1)
10.2 By-laws of the Company (2)
10.3 1985 Incentive Stock Option Plan, as amended (2)
10.4* 1985 Nonqualified Stock Option Plan, as amended (4)
10.5* Letter of Employment dated July 22, 1996 between NTN Communications,
Inc. and Gerald Sokol, Jr. (11)
10.6 License Agreement with NTN Canada (4)
10.7 National Football League License Agreement (4)
10.8 The Campus Limited Liability Company Agreement (7)
10.9 Lease of Office with The Campus L.L.C. (7)
10.10 Investment Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1995, among NTN
Communications, Inc., IWN, Inc. and Symphony Management Associates,
Inc., without exhibits (8)
10.11 Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of IWN,
L.P., dated as of December 31, 1995. (8)
10.12 First Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of IWN, L.P., dated as of March 11, 1996. (8)
10.13 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1995, between NTN
Communications Inc., IWN, Inc. and Symphony Management Associates, Inc.
(8)
10.14 Stockholders Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1995, between NTN
Communications Inc., and Symphony Management Associates, Inc. (8)
10.15 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1995, between
NTN Communications Inc., and Symphony Management Associates, Inc. (8)
10.16 Guaranty, dated as of December 31, 1995, from Symphony Management
Associates, Inc. in favor of IWN, Inc. and IWN, L.P. (8)
10.17 Amended and Restated Technology and Trademark License Agreement, dated
as of December 31, 1995, between NTN Communication, Inc. and IWN, Inc.
(8)
10.18 Amended and Restated Technology and Trademark Sub-license Agreement,
dated as of December 31, 1995, between IWN, Inc. and IWN, L.P. (8)
10.19 Worldwide Technology and Trademark Agreement, dated as of December 31,
1995, between IWN, Inc. and IWN, L.P. (8)
10.20 Non-competition Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1995, between IWN,
Inc. and IWN, L.P. (8)
10.21 Non-competition Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1995, between IWN,
L.P. in favor of NTN Communications, Inc. and IWN, Inc. (8)
10.22 Composite copy of Investment Agreements, dated as of April 24, 1995,
between NTN Communications, Inc. and the investors named therein. (8)
10.23 Composite copy of Investment Agreements, dated as of September 29, 1995,
between NTN Communications, Inc. and the investors named therein. (8)
10.24 Composite copy of Investment Agreements, dated as of October 4, 1995,
between NTN Communications, Inc. and the investors named therein. (8)
10.25 Stock Purchase Agreement by and between NTN Communications, Inc. and
Associated Ventures Management, Inc., dated as of December 22, 1995. (8)
10.26 Non Recourse Secured Promissory Note issued by the Company to Associated
Ventures Management, Inc., dated December 22, 1995. (8)
10.27* Management Agreement between NTN Communications, Inc. and Associated
Ventures Management, Inc., dated December 22, 1995 (8)
42
10.28* Resignation and General Release Agreement, dated December 31, 1996
between NTN Communications, Inc. and Patrick J. Downs. (9)
10.29* Resignation and General Release Agreement, dated December 31, 1996
between NTN Communications, Inc. and Daniel C. Downs. (9)
10.30* Resignation and General Release Agreement, dated December 31, 1996
between NTN Communications, Inc. and Ronald E. Hogan. (11)
10.31* Resignation and General Release Agreement, dated December 31, 1996
between NTN Communications, Inc. and Gerald P. McLaughlin. (9)
10.32* Resignation and General Release Agreement, dated December 31, 1996
between NTN Communications, Inc. and Michael J. Downs. (9)
10.33* Resignation and General Release Agreement, dated December 31, 1996
between NTN Communications, Inc. and Robert Klosterman. (9)
10.34* Letter agreement, dated March 4, 1997, between NTN and Alan Magerman.
(9)
10.35* Consulting Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1996, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Patrick J. Downs. (9)
10.36* Consulting Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1996, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Daniel C. Downs. (9)
10.37* Consulting Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1996, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Ronald E. Hogan. (9)
10.38* Consulting Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1996, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Gerald P. McLaughlin. (9)
10.39* Consulting Agreement, dated as of March 14, 1997, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Donald Klosterman. (9)
10.40* General Release, dated as of December 31, 1996, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Patrick J. Downs. (9)
10.41* General Release, dated as of December 31, 1996, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Daniel C. Downs. (9)
10.42* General Release, dated as of December 31, 1996, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Ronald E. Hogan. (9)
10.43* General Release, dated as of December 31, 1996, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Gerald P. McLaughlin. (9)
10.44* General Release, dated as of December 31, 1996, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Michael J. Downs. (9)
10.45* General Release, dated as of December 31, 1996, between NTN
Communications Inc. and Robert Klosterman. (9)
10.46 Agreement of Purchase and Sale of Assets dated June 30, 1996 with
schedules and exhibits, among NTN Communications, Inc, New World
Computing Inc., and the 3DO Company. (10)
10.47* Special Stock Option dated August 18, 1996 between NTN Communications,
Inc. and Gerald Sokol, Jr. (11)
10.48* Special Stock Option dated August 25, 1996 between NTN Communications,
Inc. and Robert Bennett. (11)
10.49* Special Stock Option dated August 30, 1996 between NTN Communications,
Inc. and Edward C. Frazier. (11)
10.50* Amendment to Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement, dated as of April 14,
1997, between NTN Communications, Inc. and Edward C. Frazier. (12)
10.51 Letter agreement, dated December 17, 1996, between NTN Communications,
Inc. and Frazier/King Media Holding Co. (12)
10.52* Consulting Agreement, dated as of March 1, 1997, between NTN
Communications, Inc. and Edward C. Frazier. (12)
10.53 Consulting Agreement, dated as of April 23, 1997, between NTN
Communications, Inc. and Frazier/King Media Holding Co., together with a
Warrant Certificate for the purchase of 1,000,000 shares of Common
Stock. (12)
23.00 Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP, incorporated by reference. (12)
27.00 Financial Data Schedule. (11)
______________________
* Management Contract or Compensatory Plan.
(1) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 1991, and incorporated by reference.
43
(2) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's registration statement on
Form S-8, File No. 33-75732, and incorporated by reference.
(3) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 1989, and incorporated by reference.
(4) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 1990, and incorporated by reference.
(5) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's report on Form 8-K dated
December 31,1993, and incorporated by reference.
(6) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 1993, and incorporated herein by reference.
(7) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 1994, and incorporated herein by reference.
(8) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 1995, and incorporated herein by reference.
(9) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's report on Form 8-K dated
March 5, 1997 and incorporated by reference.
(10) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's report on Form 8-K dated
June 30, 1996 and incorporated by reference
(11) Previously filed.
(12) Filed herewith.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K.
None.
44
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
DATED: December 4, 1997
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
By: /s/ EDWARD C. FRAZIER
---------------------------
Edward C. Frazier, Chairman of the Board
By: /s/ GERALD S. SOKOL, JR
---------------------------
Gerald S. Sokol Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer
45
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE
Page
----------
Independent Auditors' Report F-2
Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets as December 31, 1996 and 1995 F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended F-4
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years F-5
ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended F-7
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-9
Schedule II F-23
F-1
Independent Auditors' Report
----------------------------
The Board of Directors
NTN Communications, Inc.:
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of NTN Communications,
Inc. and subsidiaries as listed in the accompanying index. In connection with
our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited the
financial statement schedule as listed in the accompanying index. These
consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of NTN Communications,
Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1995, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period
ended December 31, 1996, in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when
considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a
whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth
therein.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming
that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to
the consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses
from operations and has a net working capital deficiency that raises substantial
doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in
regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements
do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this
uncertainty.
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
San Diego, California
April 10, 1997
F-2
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 1996 and 1995
ASSETS 1996 1995
------------- ------------
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,579,000 6,485,000
Accounts receivable - trade, net of
allowance for doubtful accounts
of $1,563,000 in 1996 and $558,000 in
1995 2,031,000 2,668,000
Accounts receivable - officers and
employees 199,000 100,000
Prepaid expenses and other current
assets 1,846,000 2,223,000
Accounts receivable - other -- 1,750,000
Interest-bearing security deposits -- 1,575,000
Notes receivable - related parties
(notes 4 and 5) -- 1,030,000
Inventory, net (note 6) -- 5,618,000
Net assets of discontinued operations
(note 2) -- 4,560,000
------------- -----------
Total current assets 10,655,000 26,009,000
Broadcast equipment and fixed assets,
net (note 6) 10,103,000 2,023,000
Interest-bearing security deposits -- 2,200,000
Software development costs, net of
accumulated amortization of
$1,829,000 in 1996 and $854,000 in
1995 4,400,000 3,152,000
Notes receivable - related parties
(notes 4 and 5) -- 3,438,000
Retirement plan assets 2,527,000 1,798,000
Other assets 819,000 2,601,000
------------- -----------
Total assets $ 28,504,000 41,221,000
============= ===========
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued
liabilities (note 4) 6,182,000 2,877,000
Short-term borrowings (note 7) 5,060,000 1,356,000
Deferred revenue 254,000 1,024,000
Customer deposits 1,279,000 1,284,000
------------- -----------
Total current liabilities 12,775,000 6,541,000
Deferred revenue 1,000,000 1,229,000
Accrual for settlement warrants (note 14) 1,291,000 --
Other long-term liabilities (note 4) 3,216,000 --
------------- -----------
Total liabilities 18,282,000 7,770,000
------------- -----------
Shareholders' equity (notes 9 and 10):
10% Cumulative convertible preferred
stock, $.005 par value, 10,000,000
shares authorized; issued and
outstanding 161,000 in 1996 and
163,000 in 1995 1,000 1,000
Common stock, $.005 par value,
50,000,000 shares authorized; shares
issued and outstanding 23,177,000 in
1996 and 22,503,000 in 1995 116,000 112,000
Additional paid-in capital 59,583,000 56,747,000
Accumulated deficit (46,139,000) (23,187,000)
------------- -----------
13,561,000 33,673,000
Less treasury stock, at cost, 782,000
shares in 1996 and 50,000 shares in
1995 (3,339,000) (222,000)
------------- -----------
Total shareholders' equity 10,222,000 33,451,000
------------- -----------
Commitments and contingencies (notes 4,
13 and 14)
Total liabilities and
shareholders' equity $ 28,504,000 41,221,000
============= ===========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
1996 1995 1994
------------ ---------- ----------
Revenue:
Network services $ 20,029,000 15,559,000 11,271,000
Online/Internet services 1,811,000 620,000 542,000
Advertising revenue 1,590,000 1,128,000 431,000
Equipment sales, net of cost of sales
of $3,801,000, $4,981,000 and
$2,753,000 in 1996, 1995 and 1994,
respectively 1,757,000 1,803,000 1,634,000
License and royalty fees and other
revenue 524,000 972,000 2,268,000
------------ ---------- ----------
Total revenue 25,711,000 20,082,000 16,146,000
------------ ---------- ----------
Operating expenses:
Operating expenses 8,602,000 4,799,000 2,923,000
Selling, general and administrative 20,232,000 13,080,000 7,728,000
Litigation, legal and professional
expenses 6,484,000 1,720,000 590,000
Equipment lease expense 6,837,000 3,957,000 2,275,000
Depreciation 1,042,000 481,000 614,000
Research and development 3,396,000 1,471,000 1,972,000
Cancellation of notes receivable -
related parties (notes 4 and 5) 4,252,000 -- --
Other charges 721,000 -- --
------------ ---------- ----------
Total operating expenses 51,566,000 25,508,000 16,102,000
------------ ---------- ----------
Operating income (loss) (25,855,000) (5,426,000) 44,000
Other income (expense)
Interest income 391,000 478,000 466,000
Interest expense (390,000) (112,000) (54,000)
Equity in loss of affiliate -- (286,000) --
Other -- 1,329,000 --
------------ ---------- ----------
1,000 1,409,000 412,000
Earnings (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes (25,854,000) (4,017,000) 456,000
Income taxes (note 8) -- -- --
------------ ---------- ----------
Earnings (loss) from continuing
operations (25,854,000) (4,017,000) 456,000
Earnings (loss) from discontinued
operations (note 2) (1,317,000) 69,000 251,000
Gain on sale of discontinued
operations, net of tax (note 2) 4,219,000 -- --
Net earnings (loss) $(22,952,000) (3,948,000) 707,000
============ ========== ==========
Net earnings (loss) per share:
Continuing operations $ (1.15) (0.19) 0.02
Discontinued operations 0.13 -- 0.01
------------ ---------- ----------
Net earnings (loss) $ (1.02) (0.19) 0.03
============ ========== ==========
Weighted average number of shares
outstanding 22,568,000 20,301,000 21,124,000
============ ========== ==========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
For the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
10% CUMULATIVE
CONVERTIBLE
PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL
----------------- --------------------- PAID-IN ACCUMULATED TREASURY
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL DEFICIT STOCK TOTAL
------- ------ ---------- -------- ---------- ----------- --------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1993 255,000 $1,000 18,856,000 $ 94,000 43,504,000 (19,946,000) -- 23,653,000
Issuance of stock for
exercise of warrants and
options, net of issuance
costs -- -- 306,000 2,000 1,095,000 -- -- 1,097,000
Conversion of preferred
stock to common stock (57,000) -- 16,000 -- -- -- -- --
Net earnings -- -- -- -- -- 707,000 -- 707,000
------- ------ ---------- -------- ---------- ----------- --------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1994 198,000 $1,000 19,178,000 $ 96,000 44,599,000 (19,239,000) -- 25,457,000
Issuance of stock for
exercise of warrants and
options, net of issuance
costs -- -- 315,000 1,000 679,000 -- -- 680,000
Conversion of preferred
stock to common stock (35,000) -- 10,000 -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of stock in private
offerings, net of issuance
costs -- -- 3,000,000 15,000 11,469,000 -- -- 11,484,000
Treasury shares purchased -- -- -- -- -- -- (222,000) (222,000)
Net loss -- -- -- -- -- (3,948,000) -- (3,948,000)
------- ------ ---------- -------- ---------- ----------- --------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1995 163,000 $1,000 22,503,000 $112,000 56,747,000 (23,187,000) (222,000) 33,451,000
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity Continued
For the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
10% CUMULATIVE
CONVERTIBLE
PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL
----------------- --------------------- PAID-IN ACCUMULATED TREASURY
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL DEFICIT STOCK TOTAL
------- ------ ---------- -------- ---------- ----------- --------- ----------
Issuance of stock for
exercise of warrants and
options, net of issuance
costs -- $ -- 254,000 $1,000 316,000 -- -- 317,000
Conversion of preferred
stock to common stock (2,000) -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of stock in private
offerings, net of issuance
costs -- -- 420,000 3,000 610,000 -- -- 613,000
Treasury shares purchased -- -- -- -- -- -- (3,117,000) 3,117,000)
Warrants granted to
non-employees -- -- -- -- 1,910,000 -- -- 1,910,000
Net loss -- -- -- -- -- (22,952,000) -- (22,952,000)
------- ------ ---------- -------- ---------- ----------- ---------- -----------
Balance, December 31, 1996 161,000 $1,000 23,177,000 $116,000 59,583,000 (46,139,000) (3,339,000) 10,222,000
======= ====== ========== ======== ========== =========== ========== ===========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
1996 1995 1994
------------ ---------- ----------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings (loss) $(22,952,000) (3,948,000) 707,000
Adjustments:
Gain on sale of discontinued
operations (4,219,000) -- --
Depreciation and amortization 2,265,000 1,078,000 642,000
Provision for doubtful accounts 1,840,000 645,000 375,000
Loss on sale of marketable securities
- available for sale -- 70,000 --
Amortization of deferred gain on sale
and leaseback transactions (898,000) (1,316,000) (1,300,000)
Loss from discontinued operations 1,317,000 -- --
Loss from cancellation of notes received 4,252,000 -- --
Loss on buyout of lease commitments 2,007,000 -- --
Accrual for issuance of warrants 1,910,000 -- --
Accrual for settlement warrants 1,291,000 -- --
Change in discontinued operations (2,761,000) (942,000) (2,994,000)
Change in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable - trade 448,000 486,000 (1,119,000)
Software development costs -- -- (594,000)
Inventory, net -- (1,670,000) (719,000)
Prepaid expenses and other assets 1,430,000 (1,659,000) (1,674,000)
Accounts payable and accrued
liabilities, net of amounts paid in
stock 3,305,000 886,000 1,017,000
Deferred revenue (1,101,000) -- --
Other long-term liabilities 3,216,000 -- --
Customer deposits (5,000) 278,000 356,000
------------ ---------- ----------
Net cash used in operating activities (8,655,000) (6,092,000) (5,303,000)
------------ ---------- ----------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures (1,933,000) (1,167,000) (864,000)
Proceeds from sale of discontinued
operations 10,223,000 -- --
Notes receivable 216,000 (2,163,000) (390,000)
Software development costs (2,274,000) (2,070,000) (745,000)
Purchases of other investments -- (103,000) (823,000)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable
securities - available for sale -- -- 2,554,000
Proceeds from sales of marketable
securities - available for sale -- 930,000 --
Proceeds from sale and leaseback
transactions 3,553,000 4,500,000 4,250,000
Deposits related to sale and leaseback
transactions -- (575,000) (2,100,000)
------------ ---------- ----------
Net cash provided by (used in)
investing activities 9,785,000 (648,000) 1,882,000
------------ ---------- ----------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial satements.
F-7
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued
For the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
1996 1995 1994
------------ ---------- ----------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments on debt $ -- (20,000) (763,000)
Proceeds from issuance of debt 3,704,000 1,368,000 742,000
Purchase of equipment related to sale
and leaseback transactions (2,553,000) (2,470,000) (2,263,000)
Proceeds from issuance of common
stock, less issuance costs paid in
cash 930,000 12,164,000 1,097,000
Repurchase of common stock (3,117,000) (222,000) --
------------ ---------- ----------
Net cash provided by (used in)
financing activities (1,036,000) 10,820,000 (1,187,000)
------------ ---------- ----------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and
cash equivalents 94,000 4,080,000 (4,608,000)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning
of year 6,485,000 2,405,000 7,013,000
------------ ---------- ----------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 6,579,000 6,485,000 2,405,000
============ ========== ==========
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow
information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest $ -- -- --
============ ========== ==========
Income taxes $ -- -- --
============ ========== ==========
Non-cash investing and financing activities - In 1996, the Company
transferred $5,618,000 of assets previously categorized as Inventory, a current
asset, to Broadcast Equipment, a non-current asset. Refer to note 6.
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-8
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
(1) ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
ORGANIZATION
NTN Communications, Inc. ("The Company") was organized under the laws of the
state of Delaware in 1984 for the purpose of investing in various business
ventures. The Company, through its business units and subsidiaries develops,
produces and distributes individual and multi-player interactive
entertainment and education programs to a variety of media platforms.
BASIS OF ACCOUNTING PRESENTATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and
its wholly-owned subsidiary, LearnStar Inc., (LearnStar), the partially-owned
subsidiary IWN Corporation, Inc., and IWN L.P., a limited partnership.
GOING CONCERN
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared
assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As shown in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered
recurring losses from operations and has a net working capital deficiency of
$2,120,000 as of December 31, 1996. Additionally, the Company has utilized
significant cash flows from operating activities of $8,655,000. These
conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as
a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments
that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Management has implemented an organizational and strategic restructuring
aimed at reducing overhead expenses by 20% and focusing on the Company's core
business units. This process involved a workforce reduction including five
senior officers, the buyout of certain high-rate lease commitments, and
restructuring its management personnel and responsibilities. Management
believes that these steps will contribute toward achieving profitability and
improving cash flow.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
For the purpose of financial statement presentation, the Company considers
all highly liquid investment instruments with original maturities of three
months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents at December
31, 1996 and 1995, consist of operational cash accounts and certificates of
deposit with original maturities of three months or less.
MARKETABLE SECURITIES - AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Securities available for sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains
and losses, net of tax, reported as a separate component of shareholders'
equity. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification
method.
Proceeds from the sale of investment securities available for sale was
$930,000 in 1995 and gross realized losses included in income in 1995 was
$70,000. There were no sales of investment securities available for sale in
1996.
F-9
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
BROADCAST EQUIPMENT AND FIXED ASSETS
Depreciation of fixed assets is computed using the straight-line method over
the estimated useful lives of the assets (three to five years). Depreciation
of broadcast equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the
estimated useful lives of the assets (two to four years).
INVENTORY
At December 31, 1996, the Company no longer holds assets for sale and
therefore assets formerly reported as inventory are reported as Broadcast
Equipment. Inventory was valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out)
or market and consisted principally of finished goods and equipment. The
Company maintained a valuation reserve which reflected the Company's estimate
of the impact on inventory of potential obsolescence, excess quantities, and
declines in market prices.
RETIREMENT PLAN ASSETS
Retirement plan assets consists of long-term life insurance contracts which
are carried at cost which approximate market value.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Network and Online/Internet Services: Revenue is recognized as the service
is provided by the Company.
Advertising: Revenue for advertising is recognized ratably over the contract
period as advertisements are broadcast or displayed.
Equipment Sales: Revenue is recognized when equipment is shipped or
transferred to the purchaser.
License Fee and Royalties: Revenue is recognized when all material services
or conditions relating to the sale have been performed or satisfied.
INCOME TAXES
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax
bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets
and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to
taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected
to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and
liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period
that includes the enactment date.
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COSTS
The Company capitalizes costs related to the development of certain software
products. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
86, capitalization of costs begins when technological feasibility has been
established and ends when the product is available for general release to
customers. Amortization of costs related to interactive programs is
recognized on a straight line basis over three years.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Prior to January 1, 1996, the Company accounted for its stock option plans in
accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion
No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees", and related
interpretations. As such, compensation expense would be recorded on the date
of grant only if the current market price of the underlying stock exceeded
the exercise price.
F-10
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
On January 1, 1996, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards ("SFAS") No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation", which
permits entities to recognize as expense over the vesting period, the fair
value of all stock-based awards on the date of grant, alternatively,
SFAS No. 123 also allows entities to continue to apply the provisions of
APB No. 25 and provide pro forma net income and pro forma earnings per share
disclosures for employee stock options grants made in 1995 and future years
as if the fair-value-based method defined in SFAS No. 123 had been applied.
The Company has elected to continue to apply the provisions of APB No. 25 and
provide the pro forma disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123.
Under SFAS 123, options or warrants issued to non-employees in exchange for
goods or services received are recorded at the fair value of the
consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued,
whichever is more reliably measurable.
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS AND LONG-LIVED ASSETS TO BE DISPOSED OF
The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of,"
on January 1, 1996. This Statement requires that long-lived assets and
certain identifiable intangibles be reviewed for impairment whenever events
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may
not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured
by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows
expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be
impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which
the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.
Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or
fair value less costs to sell. Adoption of SFAS No. 121 did not have an
impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
USE OF ESTIMATES
Management of the Company has made a number of estimates and assumptions
relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and
the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period to
prepare these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
Earnings per share amounts are computed by dividing net earnings increased by
preferred dividends resulting from the assumed exercise of stock options and
warrants and the assumed conversion of convertible preferred shares, by the
weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding
during the period. Common stock equivalents represent the dilutive effect of
the assumed exercise of certain outstanding options and warrants and
preferred stock. The impact of the outstanding stock options and warrants
and conversion of preferred stock would have had an anti-dilutive effect in
years where losses are reported, and accordingly, have not been included in
the computation.
RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain items in the 1995 and 1994 consolidated financial statements have
been reclassified to conform to the 1996 presentation.
F-11
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
(2) DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS - NEW WORLD COMPUTING
On June 30, 1996, the Company sold all of the assets and business of its New
World Computing subsidiary ("New World") to the 3DO Company ("3DO") for
approximately $13,600,000. In consideration of the sale, 3DO issued to the
Company approximately 1,018,000 shares of its common stock and assumed
approximately $1,600,000 of liabilities of New World. 3DO guaranteed that
the cash value realized by the Company upon sale of the shares would not be
less than $10.04 per share, notwithstanding the market price of such shares.
The Company sold all of the 3DO shares in 1996 and obtained payment of
$3,877,000 from 3DO pursuant to the guarantee.
The disposal of New World has been classified as discontinued operations in
the accompanying financial statements. Accordingly, the consolidated
financial statements for all prior periods have been reclassified to report
separately the net assets and operating results of the discontinued
business.
The Company recorded a gain on the sale of New World of $4,219,000, net of
tax of $16,000. New Worlds' revenue through the sale date was $2,085,000.
For 1995 and 1994, New World revenues were $5,379,000 and $5,747,000,
respectively.
(3) SALE OF SUBSIDIARY INTERESTS
In December 1995, the Company entered into a sale, purchase agreement and
investment ("Agreement") with Symphony LLC ("Symphony"), an unaffiliated
company whereby Symphony agreed to purchase a 10% interest in IWN, Inc. for
$350,000 and would make capital contributions totaling $2,650,000 to IWN
L.P., a limited partnership of which IWN Inc. is the general partner. In
accordance with the Agreement, the Company issued 400,000 warrants
exercisable at $4.125 per share to Symphony for the purchase of the
Company's common stock. The warrants expire in 2001.
The Agreement includes a provision whereby Symphony has the option to put
("Put Option") its partnership interest and its shares of IWN Inc. to NTN
during the period from April 1, 1997 through December 1, 1997 for certain
consideration. Accordingly, the Company has recorded the contribution
received from Symphony as a short-term borrowing and has consolidated the
accounts and results of operations of IWN L.P. in the financial statements.
On April 8, 1997, Symphony exercised the Put Option. At December 31, 1996,
the aggregate obligation assuming the Put Option would be exercised was
$3,045,000. This amount has been recorded as a short-term borrowing in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 1996 (note
7). The Put Option is payable in cash or common stock, or a combination
thereof, at Symphony's election (subject to the Company's determination of
sufficient funds available), or conversely Symphony can elect to accept a
promissory note for up to two years bearing interest at 27.5% per annum.
Operating losses for IWN L.P. aggregated $2,961,000 in 1996.
In December 1995, the Company entered into an agreement to sell a 45%
interest in LearnStar to an unaffiliated company for $2,500,000 in return
for a note receivable in the amount of $2,500,000. No gain was recognized in
1995 as the Company had not received any payments on the note. In 1996 the
parties agreed to rescind the agreement. No gain was recorded in 1996.
(4) MANAGEMENT REORGANIZATION
On March 5, 1997, the Company announced a reorganization of its executive
management
F-12
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
personnel in which Patrick J. Downs resigned as Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board, and Daniel C. Downs resigned as President. In
addition, three other officers resigned or were terminated in connection
with the reorganization ("Reorganization"). The Company has entered into
separate agreements ("Agreements") with each of the former officers setting
out the terms on which their existing employment contracts with NTN will be
settled. In compliance with the Agreements, NTN will continue to pay the
former executives their current annual salaries and other benefits for the
remaining terms of their employment agreements with NTN, which expire on or
before December 31, 1999. In addition, the Company canceled certain notes
receivable from officers as described in note 5.
Pursuant to the Agreements, the Company canceled an aggregate of 2,175,000
of outstanding warrants and options to purchase the common stock of the
Company previously issued to the officers. In addition, the Company agreed
to extend the exercise period and reduce the exercise price of certain other
warrants and options retained by the officers.
Total charges related to the Agreements aggregate $9,670,000 and are
comprised of the following:
Cancellation of notes receivable and related accrued
interest of $216,000 (note 5) $ 4,252,000
Contractual payments for employment contracts, net
of discount 3,968,000
Charge related to extension of the exercise period and
reduction in the exercise price of certain warrants and
options 1,450,000
------------
Total charges $ 9,670,000
============
As of December 31, 1996, $840,000 of these charges are included in accounts
payable and accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements. Of the total charges of
$9,670,000, $5,092,000 was recorded in operations in 1996, including the
charge for the cancellation of notes receivable of $4,252,000. The remaining
$4,578,000 will be recorded as an expense in 1997. Contractual payments for
employment contracts related to the Agreements are $1,711,000 in 1997,
$1,350,000 in 1998 and $1,269,000 in 1999. The above charges were recorded
in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 94-3.
(5) NOTES RECEIVABLE - RELATED PARTIES
Notes receivable - related parties are as follows:
1996 1995
---- ----
Unsecured notes from officers and employees,
bearing interest at 6%-8%. Paid or canceled
in 1996. $ - 680,000
Non-interest bearing unsecured note. Paid in 1996. - 350,000
6% unsecured notes from officers and directors.
Canceled in 1996 due to the reorganization of
executive management personnel. - 3,438,000
------- ---------
Total - 4,468,000
Current portion - (1,030,000)
------- ---------
$ - 3,438,000
======= =========
F-13
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
In 1995, notes receivable from officers and directors include amounts
advanced to officers and directors to obtain a federal or state income tax
deduction for the Company. In 1991, the Company issued shares of common
stock to officers and directors for deferred compensation from prior years.
In 1993, the Company obtained a tax deduction of $6,900,000 related to this
issuance of this stock. In order to obtain the deduction, the Company was
required to withhold and to deposit amounts with the appropriate government
taxing authorities on behalf of the officers and directors.
In conjunction with the Reorganization, a total of $4,252,000 of loans to
officers and interest were canceled including $3,816,000 related to the
notes receivable described in the previous paragraph along with personal
loans made to Alan Magerman, a director and Patrick J. Downs of $185,000 and
$251,000, respectively.
(6) BROADCAST EQUIPMENT AND FIXED ASSETS
Broadcast equipment and fixed assets are recorded at cost and consist of the
following:
1996 1995
---------- ----------
Broadcast equipment $ 8,230,000 -
Furniture and fixtures 917,000 767,000
Other equipment 3,729,000 2,789,000
------------- ----------
12,876,000 3,556,000
Accumulated depreciation (2,773,000) (1,533,000)
------------- ----------
$ 10,103,000 2,023,000
============= ==========
From 1993 though June 30, 1996, the Company had entered into various sale
and leaseback arrangements. In the fourth quarter of 1996, the Company
completed a plan to repurchase equipment related to the prior years' lease
arrangements. The Company recorded a charge of approximately $2,007,000
related to the termination of these lease arrangements. This charge is
included in equipment lease expense. To the extent possible, management does
not intend to use the same sale and leaseback arrangements as a method of
financing in future periods. In addition, management does not intend to
purchase equipment to be held as inventory for sale and sale and leaseback
arrangements. Accordingly, in the fourth quarter of 1996, the Company
reclassified all remaining inventory to broadcast equipment and began
recording depreciation charges on all assets placed in service.
(7) SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
Short-term borrowings are as follows:
1996 1995
---------- ----------
Variable rate loan (7.2% at December 31,
1996), due in May 1997, secured by
life insurance policies with a cash
surrender value of $2,527,000. $ 2,015,000 1,356,000
Short-term debt related to the IWN Put
Option (note 3) 3,045,000 -
------------ ----------
Total $ 5,060,000 1,356,000
============ ==========
F-14
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
(8) INCOME TAXES
For each of the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994, there was no
provision for current or deferred income taxes. The components that
comprise deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 1996 and 1995
are as follows:
1996 1995
----------- -----------
Deferred tax assets:
NOL carryforwards $ 12,292,000 12,686,000
Legal and litigation accruals 1,711,000 110,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts 696,000 220,000
Compensation and vacation accrual 580,000 242,000
Operating accruals 695,000 -
Sale and leaseback transactions 208,000 803,000
Deferred revenue 199,000 -
Research and experimentation
credit 175,000 -
Other 86,000 137,000
-------------- -----------
Total gross deferred tax assets 16,642,000 14,198,000
Valuation allowance (14,804,000) (11,727,000)
-------------- -----------
Net deferred tax assets $ 1,838,000 2,471,000
-------------- -----------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Capitalized software 1,513,000 2,236,000
Depreciation 129,000 105,000
Other 196,000 130,000
-------------- -----------
Total gross deferred liabilities 1,838,000 2,471,000
-------------- -----------
Net deferred taxes $ - -
============== ===========
The reconciliation of computed expected income taxes by applying the
federal statutory rate to effective income taxes is as follows:
1996 1995 1994
---------- ---------- ----------
Tax at federal income tax rate $ (7,804,000) (1,342,000) 240,000
State taxes, net of federal benefit 139,000 - -
Settlement warrants 650,000 - -
Change in valuation allowance 3,077,000 1,342,000 (240,000)
Adjustments of net operating loss
carryforwards 3,694,000 - -
Other 244,000 - -
------------ ---------- ----------
Effective income taxes $ - - -
============ ========== ==========
F-15
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended
December 31, 1996 and 1995 was an increase of $3,077,000 and $1,797,000,
respectively, and a decrease of $240,000 for the year ended December 31,
1994. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management
considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of
the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of
deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable
income during the periods in which those temporary differences become
deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax
liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies
in making this assessment. Based on the level of historical operating
results and projections for the taxable income for the future, management
has determined that it is more likely than not that the portion of deferred
tax assets not utilized through the reversal of deferred tax liabilities
will not be realized. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a valuation
allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely
than not to be realized.
At December 31, 1996, the Company has available net operating loss
carryforwards of approximately $33,000,000 for federal income tax purposes,
which begin to expire in 2006. The net operating loss carryforwards for
state purposes, which begin to expire in 1997 are approximately
$11,350,000.
(9) COMMON STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
The Company has two active stock option plans. The 1995 Employee Stock
Option Plan (the "Option Plan") was approved by the shareholders in 1995
and was subsequently amended. Under the Option Plan, options for the
purchase of the Company's common stock may be granted to officers,
directors and employees. Options may be designated as incentive stock
options or as nonqualified stock options and generally vest over three
years, except at the discretion of the Board which can authorize
acceleration of vesting periods. Options under the Option Plan, which have
a term of up to ten years, are exercisable at a price per share not less
than the fair market on the date of grant. The aggregate number of shares
authorized for issuance under the Option Plan is 7,000,000.
In addition, the Company has issued options pursuant to a Special Stock
Option Plan ("Special Plan"). Options issued under the Special Plan are
made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and are designated only as
nonqualified options. The options generally have a term of up to ten years,
are exercisable at a price per share not less than the fair market value on
the date of grant and can vest over various terms.
F-16
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
A summary of the status of the Company's two active stock plans as of
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 and changes during the years ended on
those dates is presented below.
Special Plan Option Plan
-------------------- --------------------
Weighted Weighted
Average Average
Exercise Exercise
Shares Price Shares Price
-------- -------- --------- --------
Outstanding December 31, 1993 - - 1,975,000 $6.12
Granted - - 900,000 6.42
Exercised - - (9,000) 4.10
Canceled - - (20,000) 6.61
------- ----- --------- -----
Outstanding December 31, 1994 - - 2,846,000 6.22
Granted - - 1,767,000 5.24
Exercised - - (10,000) 3.06
Canceled - - (63,000) 6.22
------- ----- --------- -----
Outstanding December 31, 1995 - - 4,540,000 5.84
Granted 600,000 $5.00 2,398,000 3.69
Exercised - - (29,000) 3.07
Canceled - - (220,000) 5.52
------- ----- --------- -----
Outstanding December 31, 1996 600,000 $5.00 6,689,000 $5.09
======= ===== ========= =====
A summary of options exercisable and the weighted average fair value of
options issued in 1996 and 1995 is as follows:
1996 1995
---------- ----------
Special Plan:
Options exercisable at end of year - -
========== ==========
Weighted average fair value of options
granted during the year $ 4.34 -
========== ==========
Option Plan:
Options exercisable at end of year 3,534,000 2,791,000
========== ==========
Weighted average fair value of options
granted during the year $ 3.24 $ 3.61
========== ==========
F-17
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
The following table summarizes information about the Special Plan and the
Option Plan as of December 31, 1996.
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
----------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------
Range of Weighted Average
Average Number Remaining Weighted Average Number Weighted Average
Exercise Prices Outstanding Contractual Life Exercise Price Exercisable Exercise Price
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------
Special Plan:
$5.00 - $5.00 600,000 8 years $5.00 - -
Option Plan:
$2.00 - $4.49 2,171,000 10 years $3.45 73,000 $2.05
$4.50 - $6.75 3,143,000 5 years $5.17 2,086,000 $5.31
$6.76 - $8.25 1,375,000 3 years $7.52 1,375,000 $7.52
The Company applies APB Opinion No. 25 and related interpretations in
accounting for its plans. Accordingly, no compensation cost has been
recognized in the financial statements for the Special Plan or the Option
Plan. Had compensation cost for the Company's stock-based compensation
plans been determined consistent with SFAS No. 123, the Company's net loss
per share applicable to common stock would have been increased to the pro
forma amounts indicated.
1996 1995
--------------------------
Net loss As reported $ (22,952,000) (3,948,000)
Pro forma $ (27,823,000) (7,686,000)
Net loss per share As reported $ (1.02) (.19)
Pro forma $ (1.23) (.38)
Pro forma net loss reflects only options granted in 1996 and 1995.
Therefore, the full impact of calculating compensation cost for options
under Statement No. 123 is not reflected in the pro forma net loss amounts
presented above since compensation cost is reflected over the option
vesting periods and compensation cost for options and granted prior to
January 1, 1995 are not considered. The fair value of each option grant in
1996 and 1995 is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
1996 - dividend yield of 0% percent, risk-free interest rates ranging from
6.5% to 6.8%, expected volatility of 90%, and expected option lives ranging
from 5 years to 10 years; 1995 - dividend yield of 0% percent, risk-free
interest rate of 6.6%, expected volatility of 90%, and expected option
lives ranging from 5 years to 8 years.
The Company has issued various warrants to non-employees to purchase common
stock, all of which are exercisable as of December 31, 1996. The weighted
average fair value of warrants granted during 1996 and 1995 was $3.11 and
$3.28, respectively. In compliance with SFAS No. 123, the Company expensed
$1,910,000 in 1996 associated with the grant of 616,000 warrants in 1996.
At December 31, 1996 and 1995, the weighted average exercise price of
exercisable warrants was $4.10 and $3.95, respectively. The fair value of
each warrant grant in 1996 and 1995 is estimated on the date of grant using
the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average
F-18
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
assumptions: 1996 - dividend yield of 0% percent, risk-free interest rates
ranging from 5.3% to 6.5%, expected volatility of 90%, and an expected
warrant life of 5 years; 1995 - dividend yield of 0% percent, risk-free
interest rate of 6.5%, expected volatility of 90%, and an expected warrant
life of 5 years. The following summarizes warrants issued and outstanding:
OUTSTANDING
WARRANTS
-----------
December 31, 1993 3,245,000
Granted 438,000
Exercised (298,000)
Canceled (3,000)
-----------
December 31, 1994 3,382,000
Granted 1,033,000
Exercised (226,000)
Canceled -
-----------
December 31, 1995 4,189,000
Granted 616,000
Exercised (224,000)
Canceled -
-----------
December 31, 1996 4,581,000
===========
(10) 10% CUMULATIVE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
The Company has authorized 10,000,000 shares of 10% cumulative convertible
preferred stock, of which approximately 161,000 and 163,000 were issued and
outstanding at December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The stock has no
voting rights and has a $1.00 per share liquidation preference over common
stock. At December 31, 1996, each share is currently convertible into .2801
shares of common stock at the option of the holder. During 1996,
approximately 2,000 shares of cumulative convertible preferred stock
converted into approximately 400 shares of common stock.
(11) RETIREMENT AND SAVINGS PLANS
DEFINED BENEFIT PENSION PLAN
In connection with the Reorganization in 1997, the Company canceled a non-
qualified, non-contributory pension plan that covered certain executives.
There was no accrued pension liability related to this plan as of December
31, 1996.
DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN
During 1994, the Company established a defined contribution plan which is
organized under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which allows
employees who have completed at least six months of service or reached age
21, whichever is later, to defer up to 15% of their pay on a pre-tax basis.
The Company, at its discretion, may contribute to the plan. For the years
ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, the Company made no such contributions.
F-19
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN
In connection with the Reorganization, the Company canceled an unfunded,
non-qualified deferred compensation plan that covered certain executives.
The accrued plan benefits of $580,000 as of December 31, 1996 are to be
paid to participants in 1997, 1998 and 1999.
(12) FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107, "Disclosures about
Fair Value of Financial Instruments", defines the fair value of a financial
instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a
current transaction between willing parties. The Company believes that the
fair value of financial instrument assets and financial instrument
liabilities approximate their carrying value. The following methods and
assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable,
accounts receivable - officers and employees, accounts payable and accrued
liabilities and short-term borrowings approximates fair value because of
the short maturity of those instruments. The fair value of the accrual for
settlement warrants and other long-term liabilities are determined using
the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the interest
rate currently offered by the Company which approximates rates currently
offered by local lending institutions for instruments of similar terms and
risks.
(13) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company leases office and production facilities and equipment under
agreements which expire at various dates. In 1995, the Company entered into
a noncancelable operating lease with an entity which is partially owned by
the Company. Certain leases contain renewal provisions and generally
require the Company to pay utilities, insurance, taxes and other operating
expenses. Additionally, the Company has entered into lease agreements for
certain equipment used in broadcast operations, some of which involve sale
and leaseback transactions. Any deferred gains on sale and leaseback
transactions are amortized to operations over the three year lease terms.
Each of these leases provide an option to the Company to repurchase the
equipment at the estimated fair market value at the end of the lease terms.
Included in other assets are security deposits totaling $184,000 relating
to these agreements. Lease expense under operating leases totaled
$5,648,000, $4,763,000, and $3,272,000 in 1996, 1995 and 1994,
respectively, of which $298,000, $140,000 and $0 were to related parties in
1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively.
F-20
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
Future minimum lease obligations under noncancelable operating leases at
December 31, 1996 are as follows:
YEARS ENDING RELATED PARTY OTHER
------------ ------------- ---------
1997 $ 330,000 965,000
1998 368,000 958,000
1999 389,000 525,000
2000 413,000 -
2001 178,000 -
------------- ---------
Total $ 1,678,000 2,448,000
============= =========
The Company provides services to group viewing locations, generally bars
and lounges, and to third party distributors primarily throughout the
United States. In addition, the Company licenses its technology and
products to licensees outside of the United States. Concentration of credit
risk with respect to trade receivables are limited due to the large number
of customers comprising the Company's customer base, and their dispersion
across many different industries and geographies. The Company performs
ongoing credit evaluations of its customers financial condition and,
generally, requires deposits from its customers. At December 31, 1996, the
Company had no significant concentration of credit risk.
(14) LEGAL ACTIONS
Until recently, the Company was involved as a plaintiff or defendant in
various previously reported lawsuits in both the United States and Canada
involving Interactive Network, Inc. ("IN"). With the courts assistance, the
Company and IN have been able to reach a resolution of all pending disputes
in the United States and have agreed to private arbitration regarding any
future licensing, copyright or infringement issues which may arise between
the parties. There remain two lawsuits involving the Company, its
unaffiliated Canadian licensee and IN, which were filed in Canada in 1992.
No substantive action has been taken in furtherance of either action.
In June, 1996, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement
("Agreement") to resolve litigation filed by various shareholders of the
Company. The case, originally filed in 1993, sought class action status to
recover unspecified damages for a drop in the market price of the Companys
common stock following an announcement that an anticipated agreement under
which the Company would sell certain equipment and services to an arm of
the Mexican government may be put out to bid. The Company believes there is
no basis for the claimants allegations and does not believe that liability
exists for the allegations. Nonetheless, to avoid the expense and
disruption of protracted litigation, the Company has entered into the
Agreement to resolve this matter out-of court.
Pursuant to the Agreement, a settlement fund was established consisting of
$400,000 in cash plus 565,000 warrants to purchase the common stock of NTN
("Settlement Warrants"). Each Settlement Warrant has a term of three years
from the Date of Issuance, as that term is defined in the Agreement, and an
exercise price equal to the average closing price per share of NTN common
stock on the American Stock Exchange during the twenty trading days
immediately preceding the Date of Issuance. (The related registration
statement is pending review and approval by the United States Securities
and Exchange Commission and therefore the exercise price has not been
finalized.) During the period from the second anniversary of the Date of
Issuance until the expiration or exercise of a Settlement Warrant, the
holder of such Settlement Warrant shall have the right, but not the
obligation, to put the Settlement Warrant to NTN for repurchase at a price
of $3.25 per
F-21
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued
Settlement Warrant (the "Put Right"), provided, however, that this Put
Right shall expire, once, if ever, during the period from and after the
Date of Issuance that the closing price per share of the NTN common stock
on the American Stock Exchange is more that $3.25 above the exercise price
of the Settlement Warrants on any seven trading days, whether consecutive
or not. Upon expiration of the Put Right, NTN shall have no further
obligation to repurchase the Settlement Warrants. In no event shall NTN
have any obligation to repurchase its common stock.
Although the Put Right may expire based on the closing price of the common
stock over the next three years, the Company has recognized the potential
liability related to the Put Right. Accordingly, a charge of $1,291,000 for
the present value (discounted at 15%) and related interest expense for the
Put Right was recognized in 1996. The difference between the amount
expensed and the total potential liability, $545,000, will be accreted as
interest expense and charged to operations over the period from September
1996 until the second anniversary of the Date of Issuance.
On April 18, 1995, a class action lawsuit was filed in United States
District Court. The complaint alleges violations of federal securities laws
based upon the Company's projections for the fourth quarter of 1994 and for
the 1994 fiscal year, and further alleges that certain of the Company's
insiders sold stock on information not generally known to the public. The
Company, which has assumed the defense of this matter on behalf of all
defendants, has denied liability based upon the allegations contained in
the complaint. A pretrial conference to set a trial date has been scheduled
for October 1997. The Company believes there is no basis for the claimants'
allegations. Nonetheless, the Company may, to avoid the expense and
disruption of protracted litigation, attempt to settle the case. Due to the
potential settlement costs including legal costs and expenses associated
with litigation of this nature, including attorney fees, expert fees and
costs, analyses which must be conducted and other costs necessary to
prepare to defend this case at trial and perhaps through the appeals
process, and the inherent expenditures of management time, effort and
resources that will also be required, the Company has recorded a charge
against its current earnings for such costs and expenses.
There can be no assurance that any or all of the preceding actions will be
decided in favor of the Company. The Company believes, based in part on the
advice of outside, independent legal counsel, that the costs of defending
and prosecuting these actions will not have a material adverse effect on
the Company's financial position or results of operations.
(15) FOURTH QUARTER ADJUSTMENTS
During the fourth quarter of 1996, the Company recorded significant
adjustments to its consolidated financial statements. Management has
evaluated the requirements of the SEC for interim reporting, and to conform
to the current accounting treatments, will file amendments to its
Forms 10-Q's previously filed in 1996.
Significant adjustments include the following:
Notes receivable written off $ 4,252,000
Management Severance, Litigation and Other 4,576,000
Equipment Buyout 2,007,000
Loss from affiliate (IWN L.P.) 2,961,000
Stock-based compensation charges 1,910,000
Settlement charge for Warrants 1,291,000
Additional charge for bad debt 1,006,000
-----------
Total $18,003,000
===========
F-22
Schedule II
-----------
NTN COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (a)
Years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
ADDITIONS BALANCE
ALLOWANCE FOR BALANCE AT CHARGED TO AT END
DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS BEGINNING EXPENSE DEDUCTIONS (b) OF PERIOD
----------------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------
1994 $ 107,000 375,000 120,000 362,000
1995 $ 362,000 645,000 449,000 558,000
1996 $ 558,000 1,840,000 835,000 1,563,000
(a) On June 30, 1996, the Company sold all of the assets and business of its
New World Computing subsidiary. The disposal of New World has been
classified as a discontinued operation in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements and the consolidated financial statement above
schedule for all prior periods.
(b) Reflects trade accounts receivable written off during the year.
RESERVE FOR ADDITIONS BALANCE
INVENTORY BALANCE AT CHARGED TO AT END
OBSOLESCENCE BEGINNING EXPENSE DEDUCTIONS (c) OF PERIOD
----------------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------
1994 $ - - - -
1995 $ - 1,000,000 - 1,000,000
1996 $ 1,000,000 2,478,000 (3,478,000) -
(c) In 1996, the Company completed a program to repurchase equipment previously
sold to and leased back from third parties. The Company does not intend to
sell this equipment in the future, accordingly, depreciation of these
assets commenced in the fourth quarter of 1996. Pursuant to these
transactions, assets formerly shown as inventory have been reclassified to
broadcast equipment.
F-23