U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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Form 10-K
(Mark One)
|X| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
|_| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from to
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Commission File Number 000-51371
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LINCOLN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New Jersey 57-1150621
(State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
200 Executive Drive, Suite 340
West Orange, NJ 07052
(Address of principal executive offices)
(973) 736-9340
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, no par value per share
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as
defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes |_| No |X|
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes |_| No |X|
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes |X| No |_|
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. |_|
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated
filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer |_| Accelerated filer |_| Non-accelerated filer |X|
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes |_| No |X|
The aggregate market value of the 4,164,125 shares of common stock held by
non-affiliates of the Registrant issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2005, the
last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal
quarter was $84,323,531. This amount is based on the closing price of the common
stock on the Nasdaq National Market of $20.25 per share on June 30, 2005. Shares
of common stock held by executive officers and directors and persons who own 5%
or more of outstanding common stock have been excluded since such persons may be
deemed affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not a determination
for any other purpose.
The number of shares of Registrant's common stock outstanding as of March 24,
2006 was 25,197,971.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
-----------------------------------
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Registrant's 2006 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. With the exception of those portions that are specifically
incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, such Proxy
Statement shall not be deemed filed as part of this Report or incorporated by
reference herein.
LINCOLN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2005
PART I............................................................................................................1
ITEM 1. BUSINESS......................................................................................1
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.................................................................................23
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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS....................................................................33
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES...................................................................................33
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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS............................................................................34
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ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS..........................................34
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PART II..........................................................................................................35
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER
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MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES............................................35
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA......................................................................36
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS........38
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK...................................53
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA..................................................53
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.........53
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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES......................................................................53
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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION............................................................................53
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PART III.........................................................................................................54
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION....................54
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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.......................................................................54
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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICAL OWNERS AND
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MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS...................................................54
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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS...............................................54
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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.......................................................54
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PART IV..........................................................................................................55
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES...................................................55
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Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-K contains "forward-looking statements," within the
meaning of Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
which include information relating to future events, future financial
performance, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation and
availability of resources. These forward-looking statements include, without
limitation, statements regarding: proposed new programs; expectations that
regulatory developments or other matters will not have a material adverse effect
on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity;
statements concerning projections, predictions, expectations, estimates or
forecasts as to our business, financial and operating results and future
economic performance; and statements of management's goals and objectives and
other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts.
Words such as "may," "should," "could," "would," "predicts," "potential,"
"continue," "expects," "anticipates," "future," "intends," "plans," "believes,"
"estimates," and similar expressions, as well as statements in future tense,
identify forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future
performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the
times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved.
Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those
statements are made and/or management's good faith belief as of that time with
respect to future events, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could
cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in
or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could
cause such differences include, but are not limited to:
o actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations;
o our failure to comply with the extensive regulatory framework
applicable to our industry;
o our success in updating and expanding the content of existing programs
and developing new programs in a cost-effective manner or on a timely
basis;
o risks associated with the opening of new campuses;
o risk associated with integration of acquired schools;
o industry competition;
o our ability to continue to execute our growth strategies;
o conditions and trends in our industry;
o general and economic conditions; and
o other factors discussed under the headings "Business," "Risk Factors"
and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations."
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements are
made. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We
assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual
results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting
forward-looking information, except to the extent required by applicable
securities laws.
PART I.
PART I.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
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OVERVIEW
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We are a leading and diversified for-profit provider of career-oriented
post-secondary education as measured by total enrollment and number of
graduates. We offer recent high school graduates and working adults degree and
diploma programs in five principal areas of study: automotive technology, allied
health (which includes programs for medical administrative assistants, medical
assistants, pharmacy technicians, medical coding and billing and dental
assisting), skilled trades, business and information technology and spa and
culinary. At December 31, 2005, our automotive technology program, our allied
health program, our skilled trades program, our business and information
technology program, our spa and culinary program accounted for approximately
46%, 31%, 12%, 5%, and 6%, respectively, of our average enrollment. We had
17,602 students enrolled as of December 31, 2005 and our average enrollment for
the year ended December 31, 2005 was 17,869 students, an increase of 9.9% from
average enrollment of 16,266 for the year ended December 31, 2004. For the year
ended December 31, 2005, our revenues were $299.2 million, which represents an
increase of 14.5% from the year ended December 31, 2004. Excluding our
acquisition of New England Technical Institute, or NETI, in January 2005, our
revenues and average enrollments would have increased by 8.1% and 3.0%,
respectively, compared to the year ended December 31, 2004. For the year ended
December 31, 2004, our revenues were $261.2 million, which represents a 31.6%
increase from the year ended December 31, 2003. Excluding our acquisition of
Southwestern College in January 2004, our revenues and average enrollments for
the year ended December 31, 2004 would have increased by 27.7% and 22.4%,
respectively, compared to the year ended December 31, 2003.
As of December 31, 2005 we operated 34 campuses under eight well-established
brands with long operating histories: Lincoln Technical Institute (59 years of
operation), Nashville Auto-Diesel College (86 years), Denver Automotive & Diesel
College (42 years), The Cittone Institute (38 years), Career Education Institute
(23 years), Southwestern College (27 years), New England Technical Institute,
which we acquired on January 11, 2005, has been in operation for 65 years and
Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences (Euphoria), which we acquired
December 1, 2005, founded in 2002. Our campuses, the majority of which serve
major metropolitan markets, are located in various areas throughout the United
States. Three of our campuses are destination schools, which attract students
from across the United States and, in some cases, from abroad. Our other
campuses primarily attract students from their local communities and surrounding
areas. All of our schools are nationally accredited and except for Euphoria, are
eligible to participate in federal financial aid programs. Southwestern College
received an executed provisional program participation agreement from the U.S.
Department of Education, or DOE. New England Technical Institute has received an
executed temporary provisional program participation agreement from the DOE.
On January 11, 2005, we acquired the rights, title and interest in the assets
used in the conduct and operation of New England Technical Institute for a
purchase price of $18.8 million. New England Technical Institute operates four
schools in New Britain, Hamden, Shelton and Cromwell, Connecticut and provides
programs in automotive technology, allied health, business and information
technology and skilled trades, including culinary arts and nursing. This
acquisition expanded our presence in the northeastern U.S.
On December 1, 2005, we acquired the rights, title and interest in the assets
used in conduct and operation of Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences
for a purchase price of $9.0 million. Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and
Sciences operates two campuses, serving approximately 300 students in Las Vegas
and Henderson, Nevada. Euphoria currently offers certificates programs in
esthetics, cosmetology and nail design. This acquisition increased the number of
campuses we operate from 32 to 34.
We believe that we provide our students with the highest quality career-oriented
training available for our areas of study in our markets. We offer programs in
areas of study that we believe are typically underserved by traditional
providers of post-secondary education and for which we believe there exists
significant demand among students and employers. Furthermore, we believe our
convenient class scheduling, career focused curricula and emphasis on job
placement offer our students valuable advantages that have been neglected by the
traditional academic sector. By combining substantial hands-on training with
traditional classroom-based training led by experienced instructors, we
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believe we offer our students a unique opportunity to develop practical job
skills in key areas of expected job demand. We believe these job skills enable
our students to compete effectively for employment opportunities and to pursue
on-going salary and career advancement.
The Company's principal business is providing post-secondary education.
Accordingly, the Company's operations aggregate into one reporting segment.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
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Our website is www.lincolneducationalservices.com. We make available on this
website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current
reports on Form 8-K, annual proxy statement on Schedule 14A and amendments to
those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or
furnish such materials to the Securities and Exchange Commission. You can access
this information on our website, free of charge, by clicking on "Investor
Relations." The information contained on our website is not a part of this
annual report on Form 10-K.
GROWTH STRATEGY
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Our goal is to strengthen our role as a leading and diversified provider of
career-oriented post-secondary education by continuing to pursue the following
growth strategies:
Expand Existing Areas of Study and Existing Facilities. We believe we can
leverage our existing operations to capitalize on the growing demand from
students and employers in our local markets. We are adding new programs and
degree offerings in our current areas of study and are expanding several of our
campus facilities.
Expand Existing Areas of Study. We are expanding our program offerings in our
existing areas of study by replicating existing programs and increasing our
degree offerings.
We have narrowed the list of markets where we intend to replicate three of the
programs we acquired from NETI including Culinary, Licensed Practical Nurse
("LPN") and Electrical. Our Columbia, Maryland campus will be the first campus
replication offering the culinary program. We plan on adding 20,000 square feet
to the existing 90,000 square feet to house this program, our bachelor's
offerings and more shop space for our automotive program. We expect to launch
this program in the fourth quarter of 2006 or early 2007. We also plan to add a
culinary program in another market in 2007.
We are looking to replicate our skill trades programs at both our Grand Prairie,
Texas, and Denver campuses in 2006 and at our Philadelphia campus in 2007. With
regard to LPN we are currently evaluating several markets to add this program.
We also continue to make progress in expanding our associate degree offerings.
We currently offer associate degrees at 17 of our campuses bring the total
enrollment in associate degree programs to approximately 14.2% and 11.1% as of
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Expand Existing Facilities. We are expanding our existing facilities and
relocating other schools to expand capacity. This will enable us to roll out new
programs and attract more students. For example, we moved to a new facility in
June 2004 in Indianapolis, Indiana which accommodates 2,000 students and nearly
doubled our capacity in that city. This additional space allowed us to grow our
student population and further diversify our product offerings. We moved into a
new 40,000 square foot facility in October 2004 in Lincoln, Rhode Island which
allowed us to consolidate facilities into one location and more than double our
classroom space. Operationally, these new facilities are more efficient to
manage and will accommodate increased enrollments and programs. In October 2005
we acquired approximately an additional 100,000 square foot facility in Grand
Prairie, Texas, which combined with our existing facility will triple the size
of our current 50,000 square foot facility. The new facility is expected to open
by mid-2006 and combined with the existing school will be able to serve
approximately 2,400 students.
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Enter New Geographic Markets and New Areas of Study. We believe we can increase
our student enrollments by entering selected new geographic markets and new
areas of study. We target new markets and areas of study that we believe have
significant growth potential and where we can leverage our reputation and
operating expertise. We expect that our entrance into new geographic markets and
areas of study will increase our diversification and potential for future
program expansion.
Enter New Geographic Markets. We continuously evaluate entry into markets where
we can start new schools. For example, in the summer of 2001, we acquired eight
schools that we consider start-ups because they did not have any students or
staff. In starting these schools, we obtained the necessary government approvals
for financial aid, hired teaching professionals and administrative staff,
implemented our programs, marketed the schools under new brands and successfully
populated the schools with students. Our reputation, experienced regulatory
personnel and management expertise enabled us to begin accepting students in all
of these schools within approximately six months of acquisition. Today, these
schools enroll more than 2,600 students. Our most recent start-up is the
partnership with the Greater New York Area Automobile Dealers Association which
will offer programs in automotive technology starting on March 27, 2006.
Construction is completed on our facility in Queens, New York and this location
will allow us to capitalize on the significant employer and student demand in an
attractive market that we believe is currently underserved.
In addition we expanded our presence in the New England and Las Vegas markets in
2005 as a result of our acquisitions of NETI and Euphoria.
Enter New Areas of Study. We continuously evaluate new, high-growth areas of
study that are in demand by students and employers. For example, in 2002, we
targeted allied health and successfully developed and launched a suite of
programs in that area of study. We typically require six to 18 months to develop
new programs and to obtain necessary regulatory approvals. On January 11, 2005,
we acquired New England Technical Institute, which offers programs in culinary
arts and nursing, which are new programs for us. Also during the fourth quarter
of 2005, we acquired Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences, introducing
new programs including cosmetology, esthetics, hair design and nail technician.
In addition, in 2005 we introduced a new program for dental assistants in
Lincoln, Rhode Island.
Opportunistically Pursue Strategic Acquisitions. In evaluating potential
acquisitions, we seek to identify schools with the potential for program
replication at our existing campuses, new areas of study, new markets with
attractive growth opportunities and advanced degree programs. We also look for
schools whose operations we can improve by leveraging our sales and marketing
expertise, business management systems and our experienced management team. In
January 2004, we completed our acquisition of Southwestern College. On January
11, 2005 we completed the acquisition of New England Technical Institute, and on
December 1, 2005 the acquisition of Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and
Sciences. We continue to evaluate attractive acquisition candidates.
Introduce Online Education Alternatives. We recently launched our online
initiative to capitalize on the rapidly growing demand for, and flexibility
provided by, online education alternatives. Initially, we are offering some of
our diploma graduates the opportunity to earn their associate degree online and
we expect to expand our offering to include other degree completion programs as
well as 100% online degree programs. We began offering online courses in
mid-2004 to graduates of one of our schools. This should broaden our addressable
market and be an attractive option for students without the geographic or
financial flexibility to enroll in campus-based programs. We believe that we
will be able to leverage our existing programs and campuses. During the fourth
quarter of 2005, we received approval to expand our online degree completion
program to four more of our programs, in developing our online offerings. We
expect to launch our 100% online initiatives in June of 2006.
PROGRAMS AND AREAS OF STUDY
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We structure our program offerings to provide our students with practical,
career-oriented education and position our students for attractive entry-level
job opportunities in their chosen fields. Our programs are designed to be
completed in 14 to 108 weeks. Tuition ranges from $5,000 to $33,000, depending
on the length of the program and the area of study. All of our schools offer
diploma and certificate programs and currently 17 of our schools are approved to
offer associate degree programs. In order to accommodate the schedules of our
students and maximize classroom utilization, we typically offer courses five
days a week in three shifts a day and start new classes every
3
month. We update and expand our programs frequently to reflect the latest
technological advances in the field, providing our students with the specific
skills and knowledge required in the current marketplace. Classroom instruction
combines lectures and demonstrations by our experienced faculty with
comprehensive hands-on laboratory exercises in simulated workplace environments.
The following table lists the programs offered and the average number of
students enrolled in each area of study as of December 31, 2005.
Programs Offered
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Percent of
Total
Area of Study Associate Diploma and Certificate(1) Enrollment Enrollment
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Automotive Technology Auto Service Management, Automotive Mechanics,
Collision Repair, Diesel Automotive Technology,
Technology, Diesel & Truck Collision Repair, Diesel Truck
Service Management Mechanics, Diesel Technology,
Diesel & Truck Technology,
Master Automotive Technology
8,041 46%
Allied Health Medical Assisting Technology, Medical Administrative
Medical Administrative Assisting, Medical Assisting,
Assistant Technology (1) Pharmacy Technology, Medical
Billing and Coding, Dental
Assisting, Licensed Practical
Nurse 5,617 31%
Skilled Trades Mechanical/Architectural Electronic Servicing,
Drafting, Electronics Electronics Engineering
Engineering Technology Technology, Electronics System
Technology, HVAC,
Mechanical/Architectural
Drafting 2,140 12%
Business and Information PC Systems & Networking Business Administration,
Technology Technology (2) Graphic Web Design, Network
Systems Administrating, PC
Support Technology 947 5%
Spa and Culinary -- Culinary Arts, Cosmetology,
Esthetics, Hair Design, Nail
Technician, Therapeutic,
Massage & Body Technology 1,124 6%
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Total: 17,869 100.0%
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(1) Additional programs in development: Health Information Technology.
(2) Additional programs in development: Criminal Justice
Automotive Technology. Automotive technology represents our largest area of
study, with 46% of our average student enrollments as of December 31, 2005. Our
automotive technology programs are 24 to 108 weeks in length,
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with tuition rates of $9,000 to $33,000. We believe we are a leading provider of
automotive technology education in each of our local markets. Graduates of our
programs are qualified to obtain entry level employment ranging from positions
as technicians and mechanics to various apprentice level positions. Our
graduates are employed by a wide variety of employers, ranging from automotive
and diesel dealers, independent auto body paint and repair shops, to trucking
and construction companies.
In 2002, we signed a lease on a new 48,000 square foot facility in Queens, New
York that will open on March 27, 2006. This school will offer courses in
automotive technology and will operate under the Lincoln Technical Institute
brand name in partnership with the Greater New York Area Automobile Dealers
Association. The Greater New York Area Automobile Dealers Association represents
over 650 dealers in New York and Connecticut that comprise a large source of
potential employers for our graduates, both at Queens and at our other
automotive schools. We expect that we will be able to leverage our current
advertising in the New York City television market to not only offer potential
students who could not travel to one of our New Jersey schools a closer-to-home
opportunity, but also to gain access to the entire eastern Long Island and
southern Connecticut markets.
We have a partnership with BMW that offers our automotive technology students
the opportunity to work for BMW through the Service Technician Education Program
(STEP). The STEP program is a "graduate" school program for individuals who have
successfully earned an automotive certification either at one of our schools or
any of our competitor's schools. Students who are admitted to the STEP program
have their tuition paid by BMW and upon successfully completing the program are
typically employed as BMW mechanics. The BMW STEP program commenced at our
Columbia, Maryland facility in the second quarter of 2004. Our partnership with
BMW signifies our high quality education capabilities and is an attractive
marketing program.
All of our Lincoln Technical Institute schools, with the exception of our
Allentown, Pennsylvania campus, offer programs in automotive technology, in most
cases in addition to other technical programs. Denver Automotive & Diesel
College and Nashville Auto-Diesel College, which we acquired in 2000 and 2003,
respectively, currently offer programs exclusively in automotive technology.
Denver Automotive & Diesel College, Nashville Auto-Diesel College, our Columbia,
Maryland Lincoln Technical Institute school and our Indianapolis, Indiana
Lincoln Technical Institute schools are destination schools, attracting students
from throughout the United States and, in some cases, from abroad.
Allied Health. As of December 31, 2005, allied health represented our second
largest area of study, with 31% of our total average enrollments. Our allied
health programs are 24 to 88 weeks in length, with tuition rates of $11,000 to
$26,000. Graduates of our programs are qualified to obtain positions such as
medical administrative assistant, EKG technician, claims examiner and pharmacy
technician. Our graduates are employed by a wide variety of employers, including
hospitals, laboratories, insurance companies, doctors' offices and pharmacies.
Our medical assistant and medical administrative assistant programs are our
largest allied health programs. We are considering adding health information
technology to our program offerings.
We offer allied health programs at all of our Cittone Institute and Career
Education Institute schools, Southwestern College, and our Allentown,
Pennsylvania and Melrose, Illinois Lincoln Technical Institute schools and at
select New England Technical Institute schools.
Skilled Trades. As of December 31, 2005, 12% of our average student enrollments
were in our skilled trades programs. Our skilled trades programs are 30 to 88
weeks in length, with tuition rates of $12,000 to $28,000. Our skilled trades
programs include heating, ventilation and air conditioning repair, drafting and
computer-aided design and electronic system technician. Graduates of our
programs are qualified to obtain entry level employment positions such as cable,
wiring and HVAC installers and servicers and drafting technicians. Our graduates
are employed by a wide variety of employers, including residential and
commercial telecommunications companies and architectural firms.
We created our own in-house electronic system technician program in 2001 by
partnering with two industry groups, Electronic Systems Technician Consortium
and the National Center for Construction Education and Research. We have
introduced our electronic system technician program to six of our campuses and
plan to expand it to additional campuses. Students in these programs are trained
to install and service equipment such as alarm systems, cable
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infrastructure, home entertainment systems, fiber-optic wiring in homes and
offices, and satellite and telecommunication systems.
We offer skilled trades programs at seven of our eight Lincoln Technical
Institute campuses (all but the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania campus), our Lincoln,
Rhode Island Career Education Institute campus and at select New England
Technical Institute campuses.
Business and Information Technology. As of December 31, 2005, 5% of our average
student enrollments were in our business and information technology programs.
Our business and information technology programs are 29 to 68 weeks in length,
with tuition rates of $12,000 to $26,000. We experienced a decline in our
business and information technology programs between the years 2000 and 2003 due
to weakness in the economy and reduced demand for IT professionals. We therefore
reduced our exposure to this area by developing our in-house electronic system
technician and allied health programs in 2001 and 2002, respectively. However,
we remain committed to the IT industry and expect it to grow, especially as the
economy recovers, business investment in hardware and software increases and the
rapid technological advancement of computer applications continues. We have
focused our current program offerings on those that are most in demand, such as
our PC systems technician, network systems administrator and business
administration specialist programs.
We offer business and information technology programs at all of our Cittone
Institute and Career Education Institute schools, in addition to two of our
Lincoln Technical Institute schools (Columbia, Maryland and Allentown,
Pennsylvania campuses) and all of our Southwestern College schools.
Spa and Culinary. As of December 31, 2005, 6% of our average student enrollments
were in our culinary programs. Our spa and culinary programs are 14 to 97 weeks
in length, with tuition rates of $5,000 to $20,000. In 2003, we introduced our
therapeutic massage & body technology program and our pharmacy technician
program which we currently offer in twelve and nine of our campuses,
respectively.
MARKETING AND STUDENT RECRUITMENT
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We utilize a variety of marketing and recruiting methods to attract students and
increase enrollments. Our marketing and recruiting efforts are targeted at
potential students who are entering the workforce, or who are underemployed or
unemployed and require additional training to enter or re-enter the workforce.
Marketing. Our marketing program utilizes media advertising such as television,
the Internet, and various print media and is enhanced by referrals. We
continuously monitor and adjust the focus of our marketing efforts to maximize
efficiency and minimize our student acquisition costs.
Media. Our media advertising is directed primarily at attracting students from
the local areas in which our schools operate. Television advertising, which is
coordinated by a national buyer, is our most successful medium, generating
approximately 31% of our new enrollments in 2005. Systems we have developed
enable us to closely monitor and track the effectiveness of each advertisement
on a daily or weekly basis and make adjustments accordingly. The Internet is our
second most successful medium and its effectiveness is rapidly increasing. We
also advertise via direct mail, in telephone directories and in newspapers.
Referrals. Referrals from current students, high school counselors and satisfied
graduates and their employers have historically represented over 24% of our new
enrollments. Our school administrators actively work with our current students
to encourage them to recommend our programs to potential students. We continue
to build strong relationships with high school guidance counselors and
instructors by offering annual seminars at our training facilities to further
educate these individuals on the strengths of our programs. Graduates who have
gone on to enjoy success in the workforce frequently recommend our programs, as
do local business owners who are pleased with the performance of our graduates
whom they have hired.
Recruiting. Our recruiting efforts are conducted by a group of field- and
campus-based representatives who meet directly with potential students during
presentations conducted at high schools, in the potential student's home or
during a visit to one of our campuses.
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Field-Based Recruiting. Our field-based recruiting representatives make
presentations at high schools to attract students to both our local and
destination campuses. Our field-based representatives also visit directly with
potential students in their homes. Over the last three years, we have recruited
approximately 25% of our students directly out of high school.
Recruiting. When a potential student is identified through our marketing and
recruiting efforts, one of our approximately 300 representatives is paired with
the potential student to follow up on an individual basis. Our media
advertisements contain a unique toll-free number and our telephone system
automatically directs the call to the campus nearest the caller. One of our
campus-based recruiting representatives responds, typically within 24 hours, to
these inquiries and other inquiries generated by our marketing efforts to
explain the opportunities available within each program, schedule an appointment
for the potential student to visit the school and arrange a tour of the school's
facilities.
STUDENT ADMISSIONS, ENROLLMENT AND RETENTION
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Admissions. In order to attend our schools, students must complete an
application and pass an entry examination. While each of our programs has
different admissions criteria, we screen all applications and counsel the
students on the most appropriate program to increase the likelihood that our
students complete the requisite coursework and obtain and sustain employment
following graduation.
Enrollment. We enroll students continuously throughout the year, with our
largest classes enrolling in late summer or early fall following high school
graduation. We had 17,602 students enrolled as of December 31, 2005 and our
average enrollment for the year ended December 31, 2005 was 17,869 students, an
increase of 9.9% from December 31, 2004. Excluding our acquisition of New
England Technical Institute in January 2005, our average enrollments would have
increased by 3.0%. Our average enrollment for the year ended December 31, 2004
was 16,266 students, an increase of 30.3% from December 31, 2003. Excluding our
acquisition of Southwestern College in January 2004, our average enrollments
would have increased by 22.4%. Excluding our acquisition of Nashville
Auto-Diesel College in February 2003, our average enrollments were 11,227
students.
Retention. To maximize student retention, the staff at each school is trained to
recognize the early warning signs of a potential drop and to assist and advise
students on academic, financial, employment and personal matters. We monitor our
retention rates by instructor, course, program and school. When we notice that a
particular instructor or program is experiencing a higher than normal dropout
rate, we quickly determine the cause of the problem and attempt to correct it.
When we notice that a student is having trouble academically, we provide
tutoring.
JOB PLACEMENT
- -------------
We believe that securing employment for our graduates is critical to our ability
to attract high quality students. In addition, high job placement rates result
in low student loan default rates, an important requirement for continued
participation in Title IV Programs. See "Regulatory Environment--Regulation of
Federal Student Financial Aid Programs." Accordingly, we dedicate significant
resources to maintaining an effective graduate placement program. Our
non-destination schools work closely with local employers to ensure that we are
training students with skills that employers want. Each school has an advisory
council made up of local employers who provide us with direct feedback on how
well we are preparing our students to succeed in the workplace. This enables us
to tailor our programs to the market. For example, part of a student's grade is
dependent upon attendance and appearance because employers want their employees
to be punctual and to have a professional appearance. The placement staff in
each of our destination schools maintains databases of potential employers
throughout the country, allowing us to place students in their career field upon
graduation. We also have internship programs that provide our students with
opportunities to work with employers prior to graduation. For example, some of
the students in our automotive programs have the opportunity to complete a
portion of their hands-on training while working with a potential employer. In
addition, some of our allied health students are required to participate in an
internship program during which they work in the field as part of their career
training. Students that participate in these programs often go on to work for
the same business upon graduation. We also assist students with resume writing,
interviewing and other job search skills.
7
FACULTY AND EMPLOYEES
- ---------------------
We hire our faculty in accordance with established criteria, including relevant
work experience, educational background and accreditation and state regulatory
standards. We require meaningful industry experience of our teaching staff in
order to maintain the quality of instruction in all of our programs and to
address current and industry-specific issues in our course content. In addition,
we provide intensive instructional training and continuing education, including
quarterly instructional development seminars, annual reviews, technical upgrade
training, faculty development plans and weekly staff meetings.
The staff of each school typically includes a school director, a director of
graduate placement, an education director, a director of student services, a
financial-aid director, an accounting manager and a director of admissions, all
of whom are industry professionals with experience in our areas of study.
As of December 31, 2005, we had approximately 2,270 employees, including 847
full-time faculty and 311 part-time instructors, and 200 of our teaching
professionals at five of our campuses are represented by unions. These employees
are covered by collective bargaining agreements that expire in 2006 through
2009. We believe that we have good relationships with these unions and our
employees.
We have had no work stoppages at any of our campuses in the past 21 years.
COMPETITION
- -----------
The for-profit post-secondary education industry is highly competitive and
highly fragmented, with no one provider controlling significant market share.
Direct competition between career-oriented schools and traditional four-year
colleges or universities is limited. Thus, our main competitors are other
for-profit, career-oriented schools, as well as public and private two-year
junior and community colleges. Competition is generally based on location, the
type of programs offered, the quality of instruction, placement rates,
reputation, recruiting and tuition rates. Public institutions are generally able
to charge lower tuition than our schools, due in part to government subsidies
and other financial sources not available to for-profit schools. In addition,
some of our private competitors have a more extended or dense network of schools
and campuses than we do, which enables them to recruit students more efficiently
from a wider geographic area. Nevertheless, we believe that we are able to
compete effectively in our local markets because of the diversity of our program
offerings, quality of instruction, the strength of our brands, our reputation
and our success in placing students with employers.
We compete with every institution that is eligible to receive Title IV funding.
This includes four-year not-for-profit public and private colleges and
universities, community colleges and all for-profit institutions whether they
are four years, two years or less. Our competition differs in each market
depending on the curriculum that we offer. For example, a school offering
automotive, allied health and skilled trades programs will have a different
group of competitors than a school offering allied health, business/IT and
skilled trades. Also, because schools can add new programs within six to twelve
months, new competitors can emerge relatively quickly. Moreover, with the
introduction of online learning, the number of competitors in each market has
increased because students can now stay local but learn from a non-local
institution.
Notwithstanding the above, today we mainly compete with community colleges and
other career schools, both for-profit and not-for-profit. We focus on programs
that are in high demand and are offered by as few competitors as possible. We
compete against community colleges by seeking to offer more frequent start
dates, more flexible hours, better instructional resources, more hands on
training, shorter program length and greater assistance with job placement. We
compete against the other career schools by seeking to offer a higher quality of
education, higher quality instructional equipment and a better overall value. On
average each of our schools has at least three direct competitors and at least a
dozen indirect competitors. As we continue to add courses and degree programs,
our addressable market increases and thus we face increased competition.
While competition with four-year institutions is more limited, we do compete
with two-year traditional private and public institutions.
8
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
- ---------------------
We use hazardous materials at our training facilities and campuses, and generate
small quantities of waste such as used oil, antifreeze, paint and car batteries.
As a result, our facilities and operations are subject to a variety of
environmental laws and regulations governing, among other things, the use,
storage and disposal of solid and hazardous substances and waste, and the
clean-up of contamination at our facilities or off-site locations to which we
send or have sent waste for disposal. We are also required to obtain permits for
our air emissions, and to meet operational and maintenance requirements. In the
event we do not maintain compliance with any of these laws and regulations, or
are responsible for a spill or release of hazardous materials, we could incur
significant costs for clean-up, damages, and fines or penalties.
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
- ----------------------
Students attending our schools finance their education through a combination of
family contributions, individual resources, private loans and federal financial
aid programs. Each of our schools participates in the federal programs of
student financial aid authorized under Title IV Programs, which are administered
by the DOE. For the year ended December 31, 2005, approximately 80% (calculated
on a cash basis of accounting) of our revenues were derived from the Title IV
Programs. Students obtain access to federal student financial aid through a DOE
prescribed application and eligibility certification process. Student financial
aid funds are generally made available to students at prescribed intervals
throughout their predetermined expected length of study. Students typically use
the funds received from the federal financial aid programs to pay their tuition
and fees. The transfer of funds from the financial aid programs are to the
student, who then applies those funds to the cost of their education.
In connection with the students' receipt of federal financial aid, our schools
are subject to extensive regulation by governmental agencies and licensing and
accrediting bodies. In particular, the Title IV Programs, and the regulations
issued thereafter by the DOE, subject us to significant regulatory scrutiny in
the form of numerous standards that each of our schools must satisfy in order to
participate in the various federal student financial aid programs. To
participate in the Title IV Programs, a school must be authorized to offer its
programs of instruction by the applicable state education agencies in the states
in which it is physically located, be accredited by an accrediting commission
recognized by the DOE and be certified as an eligible institution by the DOE.
The DOE defines an eligible institution to consist of both a main campus and its
additional locations, if any. Each of our schools is either a main campus or an
additional location of a main campus. Each of our schools is subject to
extensive regulatory requirements imposed by state education agencies,
accrediting commissions, and the DOE. Our schools also participate in other
federal and state financial aid programs that assist students in paying the cost
of their education.
State Authorization
Each of our schools must be authorized by the applicable education agencies in
the states in which the school is physically located and, in some cases other
states, in order to operate and to grant degrees, diplomas or certificates to
its students. State agency authorization is also required in each state in which
a school is physically located in order for the school to become and remain
eligible to participate in Title IV Programs. Currently, each of our schools is
authorized by the applicable state education agencies in the states in which the
school is physically located and in which it recruits students.
Our schools are subject to extensive, ongoing regulation by each of these
states. State laws typically establish standards for instruction, qualifications
of faculty, location and nature of facilities and equipment, administrative
procedures, marketing, recruiting, financial operations and other operational
matters. State laws and regulations may limit our ability to offer educational
programs and to award degrees, diplomas or certificates. Some states prescribe
standards of financial responsibility that are different from, and in certain
cases more stringent than, those prescribed by the DOE. Some states require
schools to post a surety bond. Currently, we have posted surety bonds on behalf
of our schools and education representatives with multiple states in a total
amount of approximately $11.7 million. These bonds are backed by $2.4 million of
letters of credit.
If any of our schools fail to comply with state licensing requirements, they are
subject to the loss of state licensure or accreditation. If any one of our
schools lost its authorization from the education agency of the state in which
the
9
school is located, that school and its related main campus and/or additional
locations would lose its eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs, be
unable to offer its programs and we could be forced to close that school. If one
of our schools lost its state authorization from a state other than the state in
which the school is located, the school would not be able to recruit students in
that state. We believe that each of our schools is in substantial compliance
with the applicable education agency requirements in each state in which it is
physically located.
Due to state budget constraints in other states in which we operate, it is
possible that those states may reduce the number of employees in, or curtail the
operations of, the state education agencies that authorize our schools. A delay
or refusal by any state education agency in approving any changes in our
operations that require state approval could prevent us from making such changes
or could delay our ability to make such changes.
Accreditation
Accreditation is a non-governmental process through which a school submits to
ongoing qualitative review by an organization of peer institutions. Accrediting
commissions primarily examine the academic quality of the school's instructional
programs, and a grant of accreditation is generally viewed as confirmation that
the school's programs meet generally accepted academic standards. Accrediting
commissions also review the administrative and financial operations of the
schools they accredit to ensure that each school has the resources necessary to
perform its educational mission.
Accreditation by an accrediting commission recognized by the DOE is required for
an institution to be certified to participate in Title IV Programs. In order to
be recognized by the DOE, accrediting commissions must adopt specific standards
for their review of educational institutions. Fourteen of our campuses are
accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of
Technology, eighteen of our campuses are accredited by the Accrediting Council
for Independent Colleges and Schools, or ACICS, and one accredited by the
National Accrediting Commission of Cosmetology of Arts and Sciences. All of
these accrediting commissions are recognized by the DOE. The following is a list
of the dates in which each campus was accredited by its accrediting commission
and the date by which its accreditation must be renewed.
Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology
Reaccreditation Dates
Last Accreditation
School Letter Next Accreditation
- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Philadelphia, PA December 4, 2003 May 1, 2008
Union, NJ June 4, 2004 February 1, 2009
Mahwah, NJ* December 9, 2004 August 1, 2009
Melrose Park, IL March 11, 2005 November 1, 2009
Denver, CO March 2, 2001 February 1, 2006***
Columbia, MD March 6, 2002 February 1, 2007
Grand Prairie, TX September 7, 2001 September 7, 2006
Allentown, PA December 9, 2002 January 1, 2007
Nashville, TN June 3, 2002 May 1, 2007
Indianapolis, IN December 9, 2002 November 1, 2007
New Britain, CT June 6, 2003 January 1, 2008
Shelton, CT** September 3, 2004 September 1, 2005****
Cromwell, CT** November 22, 2004 November 22, 2006
Hamden, CT** March 4, 2003 July 1, 2007
* Branch campus of main campus in Union, NJ
** Branch campus of main campus in New Britain, CT
*** Currently going through re-accreditation
****To be reviewed at May 2006 ACCSCT Commission meeting
10
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools Reaccreditation Dates
Last Accreditation
School Letter Next Accreditation
- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Brockton, MA**** April 14, 2005 December 31, 2008
Henderson, NV**** April 14, 2005 December 31, 2008
Lincoln, RI April 14, 2005 December 31, 2008
Lowell, MA** December 7, 2004 December 31, 2008
Somerville, MA December 7, 2004 December 31, 2008
Philadelphia (Center City), PA* April 30, 2003 December 31, 2006
Edison, NJ April 30, 2003 December 31, 2006
Marietta, GA**** April 14, 2005 December 31, 2008
Mt. Laurel, NJ* April 30, 2003 December 31, 2006
Norcross, GA**** April 14, 2005 December 31, 2008
Paramus, NJ* April 30, 2003 December 31, 2006
Philadelphia (Northeast), PA* April 30, 2003 December 31, 2006
Plymouth Meeting, PA* April 30, 2003 December 31, 2006
Dayton, OH February 16, 2006 April 30, 2006
Cincinnati (Vine Street), OH*** February 16, 2006 April 30, 2006
Cincinnati (Northland Blvd.), OH*** February 16, 2006 April 30, 2006
Franklin, OH*** February 16, 2006 April 30, 2006
Florence, KY*** February 16, 2006 April 30, 2006
* Branch campus of main campus in Edison, NJ
** Branch campus of main campus in Somerville, MA
*** Branch campus of main campus in Dayton, OH
**** Branch campus of main campus in Lincoln, RI
11
National Accrediting Commission of Cosmetology Arts and Sciences
Last Accreditation
School Letter Next Accreditation
- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Las Vegas September 18, 2004 September 2007
If one of our schools fails to comply with accrediting commission requirements,
the institution and its main and/or branch campuses are subject to the loss of
accreditation. If any one of our schools lost its accreditation, students
attending that school would no longer be eligible to receive Title IV Program
funding, and we could be forced to close that school. Our Edison school
(including its branch campuses in Mt. Laurel, Paramus, Philadelphia (Center
City), Philadelphia (Northeast) and Plymouth Meeting) and our Somerville school
(including its branch campus in Lowell) are presently under financial review
with the ACICS. Under financial review, the schools are required to submit to
the ACICS financial reports on a quarterly basis. While under financial review,
an institution must obtain approval from the ACICS before applying to add a new
non-main location and may be required to request permission to submit a new
program application. We believe that each of our schools is in substantial
compliance with its respective accrediting commission's standards. Our
Cincinnati (Vine Street), OH, Dayton, OH, and Franklin, OH, campuses are
currently required to submit retention data to the ACICS. Any institution
required to submit retention data to the ACICS may be required to obtain prior
permission from the ACICS for the initiation of any new program.
Nature of Federal and State Support for Post-Secondary Education
The federal government provides a substantial part of the support for
post-secondary education through Title IV Programs, in the form of grants and
loans to students who can use those funds at any institution that has been
certified as eligible by the DOE. Most aid under Title IV Programs is awarded on
the basis of financial need, generally defined as the difference between the
cost of attending the institution and the expected amount a student and his or
her family can reasonably contribute to that cost. All recipients of Title IV
Program funds must maintain a satisfactory grade point average and progress in a
timely manner toward completion of their program of study. In addition, each
school must ensure that Title IV Program funds are properly accounted for and
disbursed in the correct amounts to eligible students.
Students at our schools receive grants and loans to fund their education under
the following Title IV Programs: (1) the Federal Family Education Loan program,
(2) the Federal Pell Grant, or Pell, program, (3) the Federal Supplemental
Educational Opportunity Grant program, and (4) the Federal Perkins Loan, or
Perkins, program.
Federal Family Education Loan. Under the Federal Family Education Loan program,
banks and other lending institutions make loans to students or their parents. If
a student or parent defaults on a loan, payment is guaranteed by a federally
recognized guaranty agency, which is then reimbursed by the DOE. Students with
financial need qualify for interest subsidies while in school and during grace
periods. For the year ended December 31, 2005, we derived approximately 61%
respectively of our Title IV revenues (calculated on the cash basis of
accounting) from the Federal Family Education Loan program.
Pell. Under the Pell program, the DOE makes grants to students who demonstrate
the greatest financial need. For the year ended December 31, 2005, we derived
less than 20% of our revenues (calculated on the cash basis of accounting) from
the Pell program.
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant. The Federal Supplemental
Educational Opportunity Grant program grants are designed to supplement Pell
grants for students with the greatest financial needs. An institution is
required to make a 25% matching contribution for all funds received from the DOE
under this program. For the year ended December 31, 2005, we received less than
2% of our revenues (calculated on the cash basis of accounting) from the Federal
Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant program.
12
Perkins. Perkins loans are made from a revolving institutional account, 75% of
which is capitalized by the DOE and the remainder by the institution. Each
institution is responsible for collecting payments on Perkins loans from its
former students and lending those funds to currently enrolled students. Defaults
by students on their Perkins loans reduce the amount of funds available in the
applicable school's revolving account to make loans to additional students, but
the school does not have any obligation to guarantee the loans or repay the
defaulted amounts. For the year ended December 31, 2005, we derived less than 1%
of our revenues (calculated on the cash basis of accounting) from the Perkins
program.
Other Financial Assistance Programs
Some of our students receive financial aid from federal sources other than Title
IV Programs, such as the programs administered by the U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs and under the Workforce Investment Act. In addition, many
states also provide financial aid to our students in the form of grants, loans
or scholarships. The eligibility requirements for state financial aid and these
other federal aid programs vary among the funding agencies and by program.
Several states that provide financial aid to our students are facing significant
budgetary constraints. We believe that the overall level of state financial aid
for our students is likely to decrease in the near term, but we cannot predict
how significant any such reductions will be or how long they will last.
In addition to Title IV and other government-administered programs, all of our
schools are eligible to participate in alternative loan programs for their
students. Alternative loans fill the gap between what the student receives from
all financial aid sources and what the student may need to cover the full cost
of their education. Students or their parents can apply to a number of different
lenders for this funding at current market interest rates.
Reorganization
We were founded in 1946 as Lincoln Technical Institute, Inc. In February 2003,
we reorganized our corporate structure to create a holding company, Lincoln
Educational Services Corporation. The ownership of Lincoln Educational Services
Corporation was identical to that of Lincoln Technical Institute, Inc.
immediately prior to this reorganization. We subsequently began operating our
entire organization under the Lincoln Educational Services Corporation name;
however, before this reorganization, all of our interaction with the DOE, state
and federal regulators and accrediting agencies was conducted by Lincoln
Technical Institute, Inc.
Regulation of Federal Student Financial Aid Programs
To participate in Title IV Programs, an institution must be authorized to offer
its programs by the relevant state education agencies, be accredited by an
accrediting commission recognized by the DOE and be certified as eligible by the
DOE. The DOE will certify an institution to participate in Title IV Programs
only after the institution has demonstrated compliance with the Higher Education
Act and the DOE's extensive regulations regarding institutional eligibility. The
DOE defines an institution to consist of both a main campus and its additional
locations, if any. Under this definition, for DOE purposes, we have the
following 14 institutions, collectively consisting of 14 main campuses and 18
additional locations:
Brand Main Campus(es) Additional Location(s)
- ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ -----------------------------------
Lincoln Technical Institute Indianapolis, IN Mahwah, NJ (additional location of
Philadelphia, PA Union)
Columbia, MD
Grand Prairie, TX
Melrose Park, IL
Union, NJ
Allentown, PA
Denver Automobile & Diesel College Denver, CO --
Nashville Auto Diesel College Nashville, TN --
13
Cittone Institute Edison, NJ Mount Laurel, NJ
Paramus, NJ
Philadelphia, PA (Center City
Plymouth Meeting, PA
Northeast Philadelphia, PA
Career Education Institute Lincoln, RI Brockton, MA (Lincoln)
Somerville, MA Norcross, GA (Lincoln)
Marietta, GA (Lincoln)
Henderson, NV (Lincoln)
Lowell, MA (Somerville)
Southwestern College Dayton, OH Cincinnati, OH (Vine Street)
Franklin, OH
Cincinnati, OH (Northland Blvd.)
Florence, KY
New England Technical Institute New Britain, CT Shelton, CT
Cromwell, CT
Hamden, CT
All of our main campuses, including their additional locations, are currently
certified by the DOE to participate in Title IV Programs. New England Technical
Institute received provisional program participation agreement from the DOE as a
result of its change in ownership. Southwestern College has received an executed
provisional program participation agreement from the DOE.
The DOE, accrediting commissions and state education agencies have
responsibilities for overseeing compliance of schools with Title IV Program
requirements. As a result, each of our schools is subject to detailed oversight
and review, and must comply with a complex framework of laws and regulations.
Because the DOE periodically revises its regulations and changes its
interpretation of existing laws and regulations, we cannot predict with
certainty how the Title IV Program requirements will be applied in all
circumstances.
Significant factors relating to Title IV Programs that could adversely affect us
include the following:
Congressional Action. Political and budgetary concerns significantly affect
Title IV Programs. Congress must reauthorize the Higher Education Act
approximately every five years. Recently, Congress temporarily extended the
provisions of the Higher Education Act, or HEA, pending completion of the formal
reauthorization process. In February 2006, Congress enacted the Deficit
Reduction Act of 2005, which contained a number of provisions affecting Title IV
Programs, including some provisions that had been in the HEA reauthorization
bills. We believe that, in 2006, Congress will either complete the
reauthorization of the HEA or further extend additional provisions of the HEA.
Numerous changes to the HEA are likely to result from any further
reauthorization and, possibly, from any extension of the remaining provisions of
the HEA, but at this time we cannot predict all of the changes the Congress will
ultimately make.
In addition, Congress reviews and determines federal appropriations for Title IV
Programs on an annual basis. Congress can also make changes in the laws
affecting Title IV Programs in the annual appropriations bills and in other laws
it enacts between the Higher Education Act reauthorizations. Because a
significant percentage of our revenues are derived from Title IV Programs, any
action by Congress that significantly reduces Title IV Program funding or the
ability of our schools or students to participate in Title IV Programs could
reduce our student enrollment and our revenues. Congressional action may also
increase our administrative costs and require us to modify our practices in
order for our schools to comply fully with Title IV Program requirements.
The "90/10 Rule." A proprietary institution, such as each of our institutions,
loses its eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs if, on a cash
accounting basis, it derives more than 90% of its revenues for any fiscal year
from Title IV Programs. Any institution that violates this rule becomes
ineligible to participate in Title IV Programs as of
14
the first day of the fiscal year following the fiscal year in which it exceeds
90%, and is unable to apply to regain its eligibility until the next fiscal
year. If one of our institutions violated the 90/10 Rule and became ineligible
to participate in Title IV Programs but continued to disburse Title IV Program
funds, the DOE would require the institution to repay all Title IV Program funds
received by the institution after the effective date of the loss of eligibility.
We have calculated that, for each of our 2005, 2004 and 2003 fiscal years, none
of our institutions derived more than 86.6% of its revenues from Title IV
Programs. For our 2005 fiscal year, our institutions' 90/10 Rule percentages
ranged from 72.9% to 86.4%. We regularly monitor compliance with this
requirement to minimize the risk that any of our institutions would derive more
than the maximum percentage of its revenues from Title IV Programs for any
fiscal year.
Student Loan Defaults. An institution may lose its eligibility to participate in
some or all Title IV Programs if the rates at which the institution's current
and former students default on their federal student loans exceed specified
percentages. The DOE calculates these rates based on the number of students who
have defaulted, not the dollar amount of such defaults. The DOE calculates an
institution's cohort default rate on an annual basis as the rate at which
borrowers scheduled to begin repayment on their loans in one year default on
those loans by the end of the next year. An institution whose Federal Family
Education Loan cohort default rate is 25% or greater for three consecutive
federal fiscal years (which correspond to our fiscal years) loses eligibility to
participate in the Federal Family Education Loan and Pell programs for the
remainder of the federal fiscal year in which the DOE determines that such
institution has lost its eligibility and for the two subsequent federal fiscal
years. An institution whose Federal Family Education Loan cohort default rate
for any single federal fiscal year exceeds 40% may have its eligibility to
participate in all Title IV Programs limited, suspended or terminated by the
DOE.
None of our institutions has had a Federal Family Education Loan cohort default
rate of 25% or greater for any of the federal fiscal years 2003, 2002 and 2001,
the three most recent years for which the DOE has published such rates. Nine of
our 14 institutions (which include 23 of 32 campuses) had default rates less
than 10% for these years. Based on the recent reconciliation bill, these 23
campuses are eligible to disburse loans without waiting the initial 30 days. The
following table sets forth the Federal Family Education Loan cohort default
rates for each of our 14 DOE numbered institutions for those fiscal years.
Institution 2003 2002 2001
- ----------- ---- ---- ----
Union, NJ 7.1% 5.9% 4.2%
Indianapolis, IN 7.9% 8.41% 5.8%
Philadelphia, PA 15.4% 13.7% 15.2%
Columbia, MD 8.8% 7.1% 5.7%
Allentown, PA 3.9% 7.1% 2.7%
Melrose Park, IL 9.6% 11.9% 5.6%
Grand Prairie, TX 10.8% 14.3% 10.7%
Edison, NJ 5.0% 4.1% 2.9%
Denver, CO 9.1% 8.4% 10.4%
Nashville, TN 1.8% 5.0% 5.5%
Lincoln, RI 7.4% 6.2% 5.1%
Somerville, MA 8.9% 6.2% 2.5%
Dayton, OH 6.2% 0.0% 0.0%
New Britain, CT 1.7% 3.9% 2.8%
An institution whose cohort default rate under the Federal Family Education Loan
program is 25% or greater for any one of the three most recent federal fiscal
years, or whose cohort default rate under the Perkins program exceeds 15% for
any federal award year (the twelve-month period from July 1 through June 30),
may be placed on provisional certification status by the DOE. None of our
institutions have a Federal Family Education Loan cohort default rate above 25%
for any of the three most recent fiscal years for which the DOE has published
rates.
An institution whose Perkins cohort default rate is 50% or greater for three
consecutive federal award years loses eligibility to participate in the Perkins
program for the remainder of the federal award year in which DOE
15
determines that the institution has lost its eligibility and for the two
subsequent federal award years. None of our institutions has had a Perkins
cohort default rate of 50% or greater for any of the last three federal award
years. The DOE also will not provide any additional federal funds to an
institution for Perkins loans in any federal award year in which the
institution's Perkins cohort default rate is 25% or greater. Denver Automotive &
Diesel College and New England Technical Institute are our only institutions
participating in the Perkins program. Denver Automotive & Diesel College's
cohort default rate was 22.7% for students scheduled to begin repayment in the
2003-2004 federal award year. The DOE has not provided any federal funds for
Perkins loans to Denver Automotive & Diesel College. Denver Automotive & Diesel
College continues to make loans out of its existing Perkins loan fund. New
England Technical Institute is provisionally certified by the DOE based on its
change in ownership and on a finding by the DOE prior to the change in ownership
that New England Technical Institute had not transmitted certain data related to
the Perkins program to the National Student Loan Data System during periods
prior to the acquisition. New England Technical Institute's cohort default rate
was 8.57% for students scheduled to begin repayment in the 2003-2004 federal
award year.
Financial Responsibility Standards. All institutions participating in Title IV
Programs must satisfy specific standards of financial responsibility. The DOE
evaluates institutions for compliance with these standards each year, based on
the institution's annual audited financial statements, as well as following a
change in ownership resulting in a change of control of the institution.
The most significant financial responsibility measurement is the institution's
composite score, which is calculated by the DOE based on three ratios:
o The equity ratio, which measures the institution's capital resources,
ability to borrow and financial viability;
o The primary reserve ratio, which measures the institution's ability to
support current operations from expendable resources; and
o The net income ratio, which measures the institution's ability to
operate at a profit.
The DOE assigns a strength factor to the results of each of these ratios on a
scale from negative 1.0 to positive 3.0, with negative 1.0 reflecting financial
weakness and positive 3.0 reflecting financial strength. The DOE then assigns a
weighting percentage to each ratio and adds the weighted scores for the three
ratios together to produce a composite score for the institution. The composite
score must be at least 1.5 for the institution to be deemed financially
responsible without the need for further oversight. If an institution's
composite score is below 1.5, but is at least 1.0, it is in a category
denominated by the DOE as "the zone." Under the DOE regulations, institutions
that are in the zone are deemed to be financially responsible for a period of up
to three years but are required to accept payment of Title IV Program funds
under the cash monitoring or reimbursement method of payment, to be
provisionally certified and to provide to the DOE timely information regarding
various oversight and financial events.
If an institution's composite score is below 1.0, the institution is considered
by the DOE to lack financial responsibility. If the DOE determines that an
institution does not satisfy the DOE's financial responsibility standards,
depending on its composite score and other factors, that institution may
establish its financial responsibility on an alternative basis by, among other
things:
o Posting a letter of credit in an amount equal to at least 50% of the
total Title IV Program funds received by the institution during the
institution's most recently completed fiscal year;
o Posting a letter of credit in an amount equal to at least 10% of such
prior year's Title IV Program funds, accepting provisional
certification, complying with additional DOE monitoring requirements
and agreeing to receive Title IV Program funds under an arrangement
other than the DOE's standard advance funding arrangement; and/or
o Complying with additional DOE monitoring requirements and agreeing to
receive Title IV Program funds under an arrangement other than the
DOE's standard advance funding arrangement.
We have submitted to the DOE our audited financial statements for the 2004
fiscal year reflecting a composite score of 1.8 based upon our calculations, and
that our schools meet the DOE standards of financial responsibility. For 2005
fiscal year we have calculated our composite score to be 2.5.
16
The DOE has evaluated the financial condition of our institutions on a
consolidated basis. DOE regulations permit the DOE to examine our financial
statements, including the financial statements of each institution and the
financial statements of any related party. Based on the Company's calculations,
the 2005 and 2004 financial statements reflect a composite score of 2.5 and 1.8,
respectively. However, as a result of corrections of certain errors, including
accounting for advertising costs, a sale leaseback transaction, rent and certain
other individually insignificant adjustments, in our prior financial statements,
the DOE recomputed the Company's consolidated composite scores for the years
ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and concluded that the recomputed consolidated
composite scores for those two years were below 1.0. In addition, we identified
certain additional errors in our financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2003 relating to our accounting for stock-based compensation and
accrued bonuses that did not result in a recomputation of our 2003 composite
score. The DOE informed the Company that as a result, for a period of three
years effective December 30, 2004, all of the Company's current and future
institutions have been placed on "Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type 1 status,"
and are required to timely notify the DOE with respect to certain enumerated
oversight and financial events. The DOE also informed the Company that its
circumstances will be taken into consideration when each of our institutions
applies for recertification of the Company's eligibility to participate in Title
IV Programs. When each of our institutions is next required to apply for
recertification to participate in Title IV Programs, we expect that the DOE will
also consider our audited financial statements and composite scores for our most
recent fiscal year as well as for other fiscal years after 2001 and 2002.
Additionally, since the DOE concluded that the previously computed composite
scores for 2001 and 2002 were overstated, the Company agreed to pay $165,000 to
the DOE, pursuant to a settlement agreement, to resolve compliance issues
related to this matter. The Company paid this amount on March 3, 2005. Although
no assurance can be given, the Company's management does not believe that the
actions of the DOE specified above will have a material effect on its financial
position, results of operations or cash flows.
Return of Title IV Funds. An institution participating in Title IV Programs must
calculate the amount of unearned Title IV Program funds that have been disbursed
to students who withdraw from their educational programs before completing them,
and must return those unearned funds to the DOE or the applicable lending
institution in a timely manner, which is generally within 30 days from the date
the institution determines that the student has withdrawn.
If an institution is cited in an audit or program review for returning Title IV
Program funds late for 5% or more of the students in the audit or program review
sample, the institution must post a letter of credit in favor of the DOE in an
amount equal to 25% of the total amount of Title IV Program funds that should
have been returned for students who withdrew in the institution's previous
fiscal year. Southwestern College made late returns of Title IV Program funds in
excess of the DOE's prescribed threshold, most of which predated our acquisition
of Southwestern College. As a result, in accordance with DOE regulations, we
have submitted a letter of credit to the DOE in the amount of $28,400.
School Acquisitions. When a company acquires a school that is eligible to
participate in Title IV Programs, that school undergoes a change of ownership
resulting in a change of control as defined by the DOE. Upon such a change of
control, a school's eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs is generally
suspended until it has applied for recertification by the DOE as an eligible
school under its new ownership, which requires that the school also re-establish
its state authorization and accreditation. The DOE may temporarily and
provisionally certify an institution seeking approval of a change of control
under certain circumstances while the DOE reviews the institution's application.
The time required for the DOE to act on such an application may vary
substantially. DOE recertification of an institution following a change of
control will be on a provisional basis. Our expansion plans are based, in part,
on our ability to acquire additional schools and have them certified by the DOE
to participate in Title IV Programs. Our expansion plans take into account the
approval requirements of the DOE and the relevant state education agencies and
accrediting commissions.
Change of Control. In addition to school acquisitions, other types of
transactions can also cause a change of control. DOE, most state education
agencies and our accrediting commissions have standards pertaining to the change
of control of schools, but these standards are not uniform. DOE regulations
describe some transactions that constitute a change of control, including the
transfer of a controlling interest in the voting stock of an institution or the
institution's parent corporation. For a publicly traded corporation, DOE
regulations provide that a change of control occurs in one of two ways: (a) if
there is an event that would obligate the corporation to file a Current Report
on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission disclosing a change of
control or (b) if the corporation has a shareholder that owns at least 25% of
the total outstanding voting stock of the corporation and is
17
the largest shareholder of the corporation, and that shareholder ceases to own
at least 25% of such stock or ceases to be the largest shareholder. These
standards are subject to interpretation by the DOE.
A significant purchase or disposition of our common stock could be determined by
the DOE to be a change of control under this standard. Most of the states and
our accrediting commissions include the sale of a controlling interest of common
stock in the definition of a change of control. A change of control under the
definition of one of these agencies would require the affected school to
reaffirm its state authorization or accreditation. The requirements to obtain
such reaffirmation from the states and our accrediting commissions vary widely.
A change of control could occur as a result of future transactions in which our
company or schools are involved. Some corporate reorganizations and some changes
in the board of directors are examples of such transactions. Moreover, the
potential adverse effects of a change of control could influence future
decisions by us and our stockholders regarding the sale, purchase, transfer,
issuance or redemption of our stock. In addition, the adverse regulatory effect
of a change of control also could discourage bids for your shares of common
stock and could have an adverse effect on the market price of your shares.
Opening Additional Schools and Adding Educational Programs. For-profit
educational institutions must be authorized by their state education agencies
and fully operational for two years before applying to the DOE to participate in
Title IV Programs. However, an institution that is certified to participate in
Title IV Programs may establish an additional location and apply to participate
in Title IV Programs at that location without reference to the two-year
requirement, if such additional location satisfies all other applicable DOE
eligibility requirements. Our expansion plans are based, in part, on our ability
to open new schools as additional locations of our existing institutions and
take into account the DOE's approval requirements.
A student may use Title IV Program funds only to pay the costs associated with
enrollment in an eligible educational program offered by an institution
participating in Title IV Programs. Generally, an institution that is eligible
to participate in Title IV Programs may add a new educational program without
DOE approval if that new program leads to an associate level or higher degree
and the institution already offers programs at that level, or if that program
prepares students for gainful employment in the same or a related occupation as
an educational program that has previously been designated as an eligible
program at that institution and meets minimum length requirements. If an
institution erroneously determines that an educational program is eligible for
purposes of Title IV Programs, the institution would likely be liable for
repayment of Title IV Program funds provided to students in that educational
program. Our expansion plans are based, in part, on our ability to add new
educational programs at our existing schools. We do not believe that current DOE
regulations will create significant obstacles to our plans to add new programs.
Some of the state education agencies and our accrediting commission also have
requirements that may affect our schools' ability to open a new campus,
establish an additional location of an existing institution or begin offering a
new educational program. Our Edison school (including its branch campuses in Mt.
Laurel, Paramus, Philadelphia, Center City and Plymouth Meeting) and our
Somerville school (including its Lowell branch campus) are presently under
financial review with the ACICS. Under financial review, the school is required
to submit financial reports to the ACICS on a quarterly basis. While under
financial review, an institution must obtain approval from the ACICS before
applying to add a new non-main location and may be required to request
permission to submit a new program application. Our Cincinnati (Vine Street),
OH, Dayton, OH, and Franklin, OH, campuses are currently required to submit
retention data to the ACICS. Any institution required to submit retention data
to the ACICS may be required to obtain prior permission from the ACICS for the
initiation of any new program. We do not believe that these standards will
create significant obstacles to our expansion plans.
Administrative Capability. The DOE assesses the administrative capability of
each institution that participates in Title IV Programs under a series of
separate standards. Failure to satisfy any of the standards may lead the DOE to
find the institution ineligible to participate in Title IV Programs or to place
the institution on provisional certification as a condition of its
participation. These criteria require, among other things, that the institution:
o Complies with all applicable federal student financial aid regulations;
o Has capable and sufficient personnel to administer the federal student
financial aid programs;
18
o Has acceptable methods of defining and measuring the satisfactory
academic progress of its students;
o Refers to the Office of the Inspector General any credible information
indicating that any applicant, student, employee or agent of the school
has been engaged in any fraud or other illegal conduct involving Title
IV Programs;
o Provides financial aid counseling to its students; and
o Submits in a timely manner all reports and financial statements
required by the regulations.
Failure by an institution to satisfy any of these or other administrative
capability criteria could cause the institution to lose its eligibility to
participate in Title IV Programs, which would have a material adverse effect on
our business and results of operations.
Other standards provide that an institution may be found to lack administrative
capability and be placed on provisional certification if its student loan
default rate under the Federal Family Education Loan program is 25% or greater
for any of the three most recent federal fiscal years, or if its Perkins cohort
default rate exceeds 15% for any federal award year. None of our institutions
have a Federal Family Education Loan cohort default rate above 25% for any of
the three most recent fiscal years for which the DOE has published rates. Denver
Automotive & Diesel College and New England Technical Institute are our only
institutions participating in the Perkins program. Denver Automotive & Diesel
College's cohort default rate was 22.7% for students scheduled to begin
repayment in the 2003-2004 federal award year. The DOE has not provided any
federal funds for Perkins loans to Denver Automotive & Diesel College. Denver
Automotive & Diesel College continues to make loans out of its existing Perkins
loan fund. As it was prior to when we acquired it, New England Technical
Institute is provisionally certified by the DOE based on its change in ownership
and on a finding by the DOE prior to the change in ownership that New England
Technical Institute had not transmitted certain data related to the Perkins
program to the National Student Loan Data System during periods prior to the
acquisition. New England Technical Institute's cohort default rate was 8.57% for
students scheduled to begin repayment in the 2004-2005 federal award year.
Ability to Benefit Regulations. Under certain circumstances, an institution may
elect to admit non-high school graduates, or "ability to benefit," students,
into certain of its programs of study. In order for ability to benefit students
to be eligible for Title IV Program participation, the institution must comply
with the ability to benefit requirements set forth in the Title IV Program
requirements. The basic evaluation method to determine that a student has the
ability to benefit from the program is the student's achievement of a minimum
score on a test approved by the DOE and independently administered in accordance
with DOE regulations. In addition to the testing requirements, the DOE
regulations also prohibit ability to benefit student enrollments from
constituting 50% or more of the total enrollment of the institution. In 2005 the
following schools were authorized to enroll "ability to benefit" applicants:
Southwestern College, New England Technical Institute, Union, Mahwah,
Indianapolis, Melrose Park, Denver Auto Diesel College and CEI Marietta.
Restrictions on Payment of Commissions, Bonuses and Other Incentive Payments. An
institution participating in Title IV Programs may not provide any commission,
bonus or other incentive payment based directly or indirectly on success in
securing enrollments or financial aid to any person or entity engaged in any
student recruiting or admission activities or in making decisions regarding the
awarding of Title IV Program funds. In November 2002, the DOE published new
regulations which attempt to clarify this so-called "incentive compensation
rule." Failure to comply with the incentive compensation rule could result in
loss of ability to participate in Title IV Programs or in fines or liabilities.
We believe that our current compensation plans are in compliance with the Higher
Education Act and the DOE's new regulations, although we cannot assure you that
the DOE will not find deficiencies in our compensation plans.
Eligibility and Certification Procedures. Each institution must periodically
apply to the DOE for continued certification to participate in Title IV
Programs. The institution must also apply for recertification when it undergoes
a change in ownership resulting in a change of control. The institution also may
come under DOE review when it undergoes a substantive change that requires the
submission of an application, such as opening an additional location or raising
the highest academic credential it offers. The DOE agreed that the addition of
the holding company to our ownership structure in 2003 would not constitute a
change in ownership of our schools resulting in a change of control provided
that certain conditions were met, including that the holding company execute the
program participation agreement for each institution. See "Regulatory
Environment--Reorganization" for a
19
description of our reorganization in 2003. The holding company has executed a
program participation agreement for each of our institutions.
The DOE may place an institution on provisional certification status if it
determines that the institution does not fully satisfy certain administrative
and financial standards or if the institution undergoes a change in ownership
resulting in a change of control. The DOE may withdraw an institution's
provisional certification with the institution having fewer due process
protections than if it were fully certified. In addition, the DOE may more
closely review an institution that is provisionally certified if it applies for
approval to open a new location, add an educational program, acquire another
school or make any other significant change. Provisional certification does not
otherwise limit an institution's access to Title IV Program funds. Southwestern
College received an executed provisional program participation agreement from
the DOE. In connection with our acquisition of New England Technical Institute,
we have received an executed temporary provisional program participation
agreement from the DOE and are in the process of waiting for the executed PPA
from the DOE.
All institutions are recertified on various dates for various amounts of time.
The following table sets forth the expiration dates for each of our
institutions' current program participation agreement:
Expiration Date of Current
Program
Institution Participation Agreement
- ---------------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Allentown, PA September 30, 2007
Columbia, MD September 30, 2007
Philadelphia, PA September 30, 2007
Denver, CO December 31, 2009
Lincoln, RI June 30, 2008
Nashville, TN June 30, 2008
Somerville, MA June 30, 2008
Edison, NJ September 30, 2007
Union, NJ September 30, 2007
Grand Prairie, TX March 31, 2009
Indianapolis, IN March 31, 2009
Melrose Park, IL March 31, 2009
Dayton, OH June 30, 2008*
New Britain, CT March 31, 2009*
* Provisionally certified.
Compliance with Regulatory Standards and Effect of Regulatory Violations. Our
schools are subject to audits, program reviews, and site visits by various
regulatory agencies, including the DOE, the DOE's Office of Inspector General,
state education agencies, student loan guaranty agencies, the U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs and our accrediting commissions. In addition, each of our
institutions must retain an independent certified public accountant to conduct
an annual audit of the institution's administration of Title IV Program funds.
The institution must submit the resulting audit report to the DOE for review.
The DOE conducted a program review at Denver Automotive and Diesel College
(DADC) and issued an initial program review report in which it identified
potential instances of noncompliance with DOE requirements. DADC has submitted
an initial response to the report and is waiting for a response or determination
from the DOE.
If one of our schools failed to comply with accrediting or state licensing
requirements, such school and its main and/or branch campuses could be subject
to the loss of state licensure or accreditation, which in turn could result in a
loss of eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs. If the DOE determined
that one of our institutions improperly disbursed Title IV Program funds or
violated a provision of the Higher Education Act or DOE regulations, the
institution could be required to repay such funds and related costs to the DOE
and lenders, and could be assessed an administrative fine. The DOE could also
place the institution on provisional certification and/or transfer the
20
institution to the reimbursement or cash monitoring system of receiving Title IV
Program funds, under which an institution must disburse its own funds to
students and document the students' eligibility for Title IV Program funds
before receiving such funds from the DOE. The DOE has informed us that as a
result of our recomputed composite scores for the 2001 and 2002 fiscal years,
all of our current and future institutions have been placed on "Heightened Cash
Monitoring, Type 1 status" for a period of three years effective December 30,
2004 and are required to timely notify the DOE with respect to certain
enumerated oversight and financial events. The DOE has also informed us that
these accounting charges will be taken into consideration when each of our
institutions applies for recertification of its eligibility to participate in
Title IV Programs.
An institution that is operating under "Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type 1
status," is required to credit student accounts before drawing down funds under
Title IV Programs and to draw down funds in an amount no greater than the
previous disbursement to students and parents. Additionally, the institution's
compliance audit will be required to contain verification that this did occur
throughout the year. In addition to the above, the DOE has required us to comply
with certain requirements prescribed for institutions operating in "the zone,"
which is indicative of a composite score between 1.0 and 1.4. Those requirements
include providing timely information regarding any of the following oversight
and financial events:
o Any adverse action, including a probation or similar action, taken
against the institution by its accrediting agency;
o Any event that causes the institution, or related entity to realize any
liability that was noted as a contingent liability in the institution's
or related entity's most recent audit financial statement;
o Any violation by the institution of any loan agreement;
o Any failure of the institution to make a payment in accordance with its
debt obligations that results in a creditor filing suit to recover
funds under those obligations;
o Any withdrawal of owner's equity from institution by any means,
including declaring a dividend; or
o Any extraordinary losses, as defined in accordance with Accounting
Principles Board Opinion No. 30.
Operating under the zone requirements may also require the institution to submit
its financial statement and compliance audits earlier than the date previously
required and require the institution to provide information about its current
operations and future plans. An institution that continues to fail to meet the
financial responsibility standards set by the DOE or does not comply with the
zone requirements may lose its eligibility to continue to participate in Title
IV funding or it may be required to post irrevocable letters of credit, for an
amount determined by the DOE that is not less than 50% of the Title IV Program
funds received by the institution during its most recently completed fiscal
year.
Significant violations of Title IV Program requirements by us or any of our
institutions could be the basis for a proceeding by the DOE to limit, suspend or
terminate the participation of the affected institution in Title IV Programs or
to civil or criminal penalties. Generally, such a termination extends for 18
months before the institution may apply for reinstatement of its participation.
There is no DOE proceeding pending to fine any of our institutions or to limit,
suspend or terminate any of our institutions' participation in Title IV
Programs.
We and our schools are also subject to complaints and lawsuits relating to
regulatory compliance brought not only by our regulatory agencies, but also by
third parties, such as present or former students or employees and other members
of the public. If we are unable to successfully resolve or defend against any
such complaint or lawsuit, we may be required to pay money damages or be subject
to fines, limitations, loss of federal funding, injunctions or other penalties.
Moreover, even if we successfully resolve or defend against any such complaint
or lawsuit, we may have to devote significant financial and management resources
in order to reach such a result.
Lenders and Guaranty Agencies. In 2005, seven lenders provided funding to more
than 97% of the students at the schools we owned during that year: Citibank
Student Loan Corporation, AMS Trust, AmSouth Bank, Chase Education Finance,
Sallie Mae Trust, Nelnet and Suntrust Bank. While we believe that other lenders
would be willing to make federally guaranteed student loans to our students if
loans were no longer available from our current lenders, there can be no
assurances in this regard. In addition, the Higher Education Act requires the
establishment of lenders of last resort in every state to ensure that loans are
available to students at any school that cannot otherwise identify lenders
willing to make federally guaranteed loans to its students.
21
Our primary guarantors for Title IV loans are USA Group, a subsidiary of Sallie
Mae, and New Jersey Higher Education Assistance Authority, an independent agency
of the State of New Jersey. These two agencies currently guarantee a majority of
the federally guaranteed student loans made to students enrolled at our schools.
There are six other guaranty agencies that guarantee student loans made to
students enrolled at our schools. We believe that other guaranty agencies would
be willing to guarantee loans to our students if any of the guaranty agencies
ceased guaranteeing those loans or reduced the volume of loans they guarantee,
although there can be no assurances in this regard.
22
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
------------
The following risk factors and other information included in this Form 10-K
should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are
not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently
known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business
operations. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial
condition, operating results, and cash flows could be materially adversely
affected.
Risks Related to Our Industry
- -----------------------------
Failure of our schools to comply with the extensive regulatory requirements for
school operations could result in financial penalties, restrictions on our
operations and loss of external financial aid funding, which could affect our
revenues and impose significant operating restrictions on us.
Our schools are subject to extensive regulation by federal and state
governmental agencies and by accrediting commissions. In particular, the Higher
Education Act of 1965, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder by
the DOE, set forth numerous standards that our schools must satisfy to
participate in various federal student financial assistance programs under Title
IV Programs. In 2005, we derived approximately 80% of our revenues, calculated
on a cash basis, from Title IV Programs. To participate in Title IV Programs,
each of our schools must receive and maintain authorization by the applicable
education agencies in the state in which each school is physically located, be
accredited by an accrediting commission recognized by the DOE and be certified
as an eligible institution by the DOE. These regulatory requirements cover the
vast majority of our operations, including our educational programs, facilities,
instructional and administrative staff, administrative procedures, marketing,
recruiting, financial operations and financial condition. These regulatory
requirements also affect our ability to acquire or open additional schools, add
new educational programs, expand existing educational programs, and change our
corporate structure and ownership.
If any of our schools fails to comply with applicable regulatory requirements,
the school and its related main campus and/or additional locations could be
subject to the loss of state licensure or accreditation, the loss of eligibility
to participate in and receive funds under the Title IV Programs, the loss of the
ability to grant degrees, diplomas and certificates, provisional certification,
or the imposition of liabilities or monetary penalties, each of which could
adversely affect our revenues and impose significant operating restrictions upon
us. In addition, the loss by any of our schools of its accreditation, its state
authorization or license, or its eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs
constitutes an event of default under our credit agreement, which we and our
subsidiaries entered into with a syndicate of banks on February 15, 2005, which
could result in the acceleration of all amounts then outstanding under our
credit agreement. The various regulatory agencies periodically revise their
requirements and modify their interpretations of existing requirements and
restrictions. We cannot predict with certainty how any of these regulatory
requirements will be applied or whether each of our schools will be able to
comply with these requirements or any additional requirements instituted in the
future.
If we or our eligible institutions do not meet the financial responsibility
standards prescribed by the DOE, as has occurred in the past, we may be required
to post letters of credit or our eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs
could be terminated or limited, which could significantly reduce our student
population and revenues.
To participate in Title IV Programs, an eligible institution must satisfy
specific measures of financial responsibility prescribed by the DOE or post a
letter of credit in favor of the DOE and possibly accept other conditions on its
participation in Title IV Programs. Any obligation to post one or more letters
of credit would increase our costs of regulatory compliance. Our inability to
obtain a required letter of credit or limitations on, or termination of, our
participation in Title IV Programs could limit our students' access to various
government-sponsored student financial aid programs, which could significantly
reduce our student population and revenues.
23
Each year, based on the financial information submitted by an eligible
institution that participates in Title IV Programs, the DOE calculates three
financial ratios for the institution: an equity ratio, a primary reserve ratio
and a net income ratio. Each of these ratios is scored separately and then
combined into a composite score to measure the institution's financial
responsibility. As a result of the corrections of certain errors, including
accounting for advertising costs, a sale leaseback transaction, rent and certain
other individually insignificant adjustments, in our prior financial statements,
the DOE recomputed our consolidated composite scores for the years ended
December 31, 2001 and 2002 and concluded that the recomputed consolidated
composite scores for those two years were below 1.0. In addition, we identified
certain additional errors in our financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2003 relating to our accounting for stock-based compensation and
accrued bonuses that did not result in a recomputation of our 2003 composite
score. The DOE has informed us that as a result, for a period of three years
effective December 30, 2004, all of our current and future institutions have
been placed on "Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type 1 status," a less favorable
Title IV fund payment system that requires us to credit student accounts before
drawing down Title IV funds and to timely notify the DOE with respect to certain
enumerated oversight and financial events. If we fail to comply with these
requirements, we may lose our eligibility for continued participation in Title
IV Programs or may be required to post irrevocable letters of credit. We expect
that the DOE will also consider our audited financial statements and composite
scores for our most recent fiscal year as well as for other fiscal years after
2001 and 2002 when each of our institutions is next required to apply for
recertification to participate in Title IV Programs. Additionally, since the DOE
concluded that the previously computed composite scores for 2001 and 2002 were
overstated, we agreed to pay $165,000 to the DOE pursuant to a settlement
agreement with respect to compliance issues related to this matter. We paid this
amount on March 3, 2005.
Based on our calculation the 2005 financial statements reflect a composite score
of 2.5.
If we fail to demonstrate "administrative capability" to the DOE, our business
could suffer.
DOE regulations specify extensive criteria an institution must satisfy to
establish that it has the requisite "administrative capability" to participate
in Title IV Programs. These criteria require, among other things, that the
institution:
o Comply with all applicable Title IV regulations;
o Have capable and sufficient personnel to administer Title IV Programs;
o Have acceptable methods of defining and measuring the satisfactory
academic progress of its students;o Provide financial aid counseling to
its students;
o Provide financial aid counselling to its students; and
o Submit in a timely manner all reports and financial statements required
by the regulations.
If an institution fails to satisfy any of these criteria or any other DOE
regulation, the DOE may:
o Require the repayment of Title IV funds;
o Impose a less favorable payment system for the institution's receipt of
Title IV funds;
o Place the institution on provisional certification status; or
o Commence a proceeding to impose a fine or to limit, suspend or
terminate the participation of the institution in Title IV Programs.
If we are found not to have satisfied the DOE's "administrative capability"
requirements, one or more of our institutions, including its additional
locations, could be limited in its access to, or lose, Title IV Program funding.
A decrease in Title IV funding could adversely affect our revenues, as we
received approximately 80% of our revenues (calculated on a cash basis of
accounting) from Title IV Programs in 2005.
We are subject to fines and other sanctions if we pay impermissible commissions,
bonuses or other incentive payments to individuals involved in certain
recruiting, admissions or financial aid activities, which could increase our
cost of regulatory compliance and adversely affect our results of operations.
A school participating in Title IV Programs may not provide any commission,
bonus or other incentive payment based on success in enrolling students or
securing financial aid to any person involved in any student recruiting or
admission activities or in making decisions regarding the awarding of Title IV
Program funds. The law and regulations governing this requirement do not
establish clear criteria for compliance in all circumstances. If we are
24
found to have violated this law, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by
the DOE or we could face litigation filed under the qui tam provisions of the
Federal False Claims Act.
If our schools do not maintain their state authorizations and their
accreditation, they may not participate in Title IV Programs, which could
adversely affect our student population and revenues.
An institution that grants degrees, diplomas or certificates must be authorized
by the appropriate education agency of the state in which it is located and, in
some cases, other states. Requirements for authorization vary substantially
among states. The school must be authorized by each state in which it is
physically located in order for its students to be eligible for funding under
Title IV Programs. Loss of state authorization by any of our schools from the
education agency of the state in which the school is located would end that
school's eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs and could cause us to
close the school.
A school must be accredited by an accrediting commission recognized by the DOE
in order to participate in Title IV Programs. Accreditation is a
non-governmental process through which an institution submits to qualitative
review by an organization of peer institutions, based on the standards of the
accrediting agency and the stated aims and purposes of the institution,
including achieving and maintaining stringent retention, completion and
placement outcomes. Certain states require institutions to maintain
accreditation as a condition of continued authorization to grant degrees. The
Higher Education Act requires accrediting commissions recognized by the DOE to
review and monitor many aspects of an institution's operations and to take
appropriate disciplinary action when the institution fails to comply with the
accrediting agency's standards. Loss of accreditation by any of our main
campuses would result in the termination of eligibility of that school and all
of its branch campuses to participate in Title IV Programs and could cause us to
close the school and its branches.
Our institutions would lose eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs if
the percentage of their revenues derived from those programs were too high,
which could reduce our student population and revenues.
Each of our institutions would immediately lose its eligibility to participate
in Title IV Programs if it derived more than 90% of its revenues (calculated on
a cash basis) from those programs in any fiscal year as calculated in accordance
with DOE regulations. Any institution that violates this rule is ineligible to
apply to regain its eligibility until the following fiscal year. Based on our
calculations, none of our institutions received more than 90% of its revenues in
fiscal year 2005, and our institution with the highest percentage received
approximately 86.4% of its revenues, from Title IV Programs. If any of our
institutions loses eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs, that loss
would cause an event of default under our credit agreement, which could result
in the acceleration of any indebtedness then outstanding under our credit
agreement, and would also adversely affect our students' access to various
government-sponsored student financial aid programs, which could reduce our
student population and revenues. These calculations are required to be made on a
cash basis of accounting.
Our institutions would lose eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs if
their former students defaulted on repayment of their federal student loans in
excess of specified levels, which could reduce our student population and
revenues.
An institution of higher education, such as each of our institutions, loses its
eligibility to participate in some or all Title IV Programs if its former
students default on the repayment of their federal student loans in excess of
specified levels. If any of our institutions exceeds the official student loan
default rates published by the DOE, it will lose eligibility to participate in
Title IV Programs. That loss would adversely affect our students' access to
various government-sponsored student financial aid programs, which could reduce
our student population and revenues.
We are subject to sanctions if we fail to correctly calculate and timely return
Title IV Program funds for students who withdraw before completing their
educational program, which could increase our cost of regulatory compliance and
decrease our profit margin.
An institution participating in Title IV Programs must correctly calculate the
amount of unearned Title IV Program funds that have been credited to students
who withdraw from their educational programs before completing them and must
return those unearned funds in a timely manner, generally within 30 days of the
date the institution
25
determines that the student has withdrawn. If the unearned funds are not
properly calculated and timely returned, we may have to post a letter of credit
in favor of the DOE or may be otherwise sanctioned by the DOE, which could
increase our cost of regulatory compliance and adversely affect our results of
operations. One of our schools, Southwestern College, made late returns of Title
IV Program funds in excess of the DOE's prescribed threshold. As a result, in
accordance with DOE regulations, we submitted a letter of credit in favor of the
DOE in the amount of $28,400. Another of our schools, Nashville Auto-Diesel
College, made late returns of Title IV Program funds in excess of the DOE's
prescribed threshold during periods that predated our acquisition of that
school. As a result, in accordance with DOE regulations, we submitted a letter
of credit in favor of the DOE in the amount of $327,000. Based on the absence of
late returns of Title IV Program funds in excess of the DOE's prescribed
thresholds in Nashville Auto-Diesel College's compliance audits for the 2002
fiscal year after our acquisition and for the 2003 fiscal year, we were allowed
to have this letter of credit expire in accordance with its terms in March 2004.
We could be required to provide letters of credit in favor of the DOE in the
future if any of our institutions makes late returns of Title IV Program funds
in excess of the DOE's prescribed thresholds, which could increase our cost of
regulatory compliance.
If regulators do not approve our acquisition of a school that participates in
Title IV Programs, the acquired school would no longer be permitted to
participate in Title IV Programs, which could impair our ability to operate the
acquired school as planned or to realize the anticipated benefits from the
acquisition of that school.
If we acquire a school that participates in Title IV Programs, we must obtain
approval from the DOE and applicable state education agencies and accrediting
commissions in order for the school to be able to continue operating and
participating in Title IV Programs. An acquisition can result in the temporary
suspension of the acquired school's participation in Title IV Programs unless we
submit to the DOE a timely and materially complete application for
recertification and the DOE issues a temporary provisional program participation
agreement. If we were unable to timely re-establish the state authorization,
accreditation or DOE certification of the acquired school, our ability to
operate the acquired school as planned or to realize the anticipated benefits
from the acquisition of that school could be impaired. Southwestern College
received an executed provisional program participation agreement from the DOE.
In connection with our acquisition of New England Technical Institute, that
institution received an executed temporary provision program participation
agreement. We are in the process of obtaining final approval of that acquisition
from the DOE. We expect the DOE approval issued to New England Technical
Institute at the conclusion of the pending change in ownership approval process
to be provisional.
If regulators do not approve or delay their approval of transactions involving a
change of control of our company or any of our schools, our ability to
participate in Title IV Programs may be impaired.
If we or any of our schools experience a change of control under the standards
of applicable state education agencies, our accrediting commissions or the DOE,
we or the affected schools must seek the approval of the relevant regulatory
agencies in order for us or the acquired school to participate in Title IV
Programs. Transactions or events that constitute a change of control include
significant acquisitions or dispositions of our common stock or significant
changes in the composition of our board of directors. Some of these transactions
or events may be beyond our control. Our failure to obtain, or a delay in
receiving, approval of any change of control from any state in which our schools
are located or other states as the case may be, our accrediting commissions or
the DOE could impair or result in the termination of our accreditation, state
licensure or ability to participate in Title IV Programs. Our failure to obtain,
or a delay in obtaining, approval of any change of control from any state in
which we do not have a school but in which we recruit students could require us
to suspend our recruitment of students in that state until we receive the
required approval. The potential adverse effects of a change of control with
respect to participation in Title IV Programs could influence future decisions
by us and our stockholders regarding the sale, purchase, transfer, issuance or
redemption of our stock. In addition, the adverse regulatory effect of a change
of control also could discourage bids for your shares of our common stock and
could have an adverse effect on the market price of your shares.
26
Congress may change the law or reduce funding for Title IV Programs, which could
reduce our student population, revenues or profit margin.
Congress periodically revises the Higher Education Act and other laws governing
Title IV Programs and annually determines the funding level for each Title IV
Program. Recently, Congress temporarily extended the provisions of the Higher
Education Act, or HEA, pending completion of the formal reauthorization process.
In February 2006, Congress enacted the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, which
contained a number of provisions affecting Title IV Programs, including some
provisions that had been in the HEA reauthorization bills. We believe that, in
2006, Congress will either complete the reauthorization of the HEA or further
extend additional provisions of the HEA. Numerous changes to the HEA are likely
to result from any further reauthorization and, possibly, from any extension of
the remaining provisions of the HEA, but at this time we cannot predict all of
the changes the Congress will ultimately make. Approximately 80% of our revenues
in 2005 (calculated on a cash basis of accounting) were derived from Title IV
programs. Any action by Congress that significantly reduces funding for Title IV
Programs or the ability of our schools or students to receive funding through
these programs could reduce our student population and revenues. Congressional
action may also require us to modify our practices in ways that could result in
increased administrative costs and decreased profit margin.
In addition current requirements for student and school participation in Title
IV Programs may change or one or more of the present Title IV Programs could be
replaced by other programs with materially different student or school
eligibility requirements. If we cannot comply with the provisions of the Higher
Education Act, as they may be revised, or if the cost of such compliance is
excessive, our revenues or profit margin could be adversely affected.
Regulatory agencies or third parties may conduct compliance reviews, bring
claims or initiate litigation against us. If the results of these reviews or
claims are unfavorable to us, our results of operations and financial condition
could be adversely affected.
Because we operate in a highly regulated industry, we are subject to compliance
reviews and claims of noncompliance and lawsuits by government agencies and
third parties. If the results of these reviews or proceedings are unfavorable to
us, or if we are unable to defend successfully against third-party lawsuits or
claims, we may be required to pay money damages or be subject to fines,
limitations on the operations of our business, loss of federal funding,
injunctions or other penalties. Even if we adequately address issues raised by
an agency review or successfully defend a third-party lawsuit or claim, we may
have to divert significant financial and management resources from our ongoing
business operations to address issues raised by those reviews or defend those
lawsuits or claims. The DOE conducted a program review at DADC and issued an
initial program review report in which it identified potential instances of
noncompliance with DOE requirements. DADC has submitted an initial response to
the report and is waiting for a response or determination from the DOE.
Risks Related to Our Business
- -----------------------------
If we fail to effectively manage our growth, we may incur higher costs and
expenses than we anticipate in connection with our growth.
We have experienced a period of significant growth since 1999. Our continued
growth has strained and may in the future strain our management, operations,
employees or other resources. We will need to continue to assess the adequacy of
our staff, controls and procedures to meet the demands of our continued growth.
We may not be able to maintain or accelerate our current growth rate,
effectively manage our expanding operations or achieve planned growth on a
timely or profitable basis. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively
while maintaining appropriate internal controls, we may experience operating
inefficiencies that likely will increase our expected costs.
We may not be able to successfully integrate acquisitions into our business,
which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Since 1999, we have acquired a number of schools and we may continue to grow our
business through acquisitions. The anticipated benefits of an acquisition may
not be achieved unless we successfully integrate the acquired school or schools
into our operations and are able to effectively manage, market and apply our
business strategy to any
27
acquired schools. Integration challenges include, among others, regulatory
approvals, significant capital expenditures, assumption of known and unknown
liabilities and our ability to control costs. The successful integration of
future acquisitions may also require substantial attention from our senior
management and the senior management of the acquired schools, which could
decrease the time that they devote to the day-to-day management of our business.
The difficulties of integration may initially be increased by the necessity of
integrating personnel with disparate business backgrounds and corporate
cultures. Management's focus on the integration of acquired schools and on the
application of our business strategy to those schools could interrupt or cause
loss of momentum in our other ongoing activities.
Failure on our part to establish and operate additional schools or campuses or
effectively identify suitable expansion opportunities could reduce our ability
to implement our growth strategy.
As part of our business strategy, we anticipate opening and operating new
schools or campuses. Establishing new schools or campuses poses unique
challenges and requires us to make investments in management and capital
expenditures, incur marketing expenses and devote other resources that are
different, and in some cases greater than those required with respect to the
operation of acquired schools.
To open a new school or campus, we would be required to obtain appropriate state
and accrediting commission approvals, which may be conditioned or delayed in a
manner that could significantly affect our growth plans. In addition, to be
eligible for federal Title IV Program funding, a new school or campus would have
to be certified by the DOE and would require federal authorization and
approvals. In the case of entirely separate, freestanding U.S. schools, a
minimum of two years' operating history is required to be eligible for Title IV
Program funding. We cannot be sure that we will be able to identify suitable
expansion opportunities to maintain or accelerate our current growth rate or
that we will be able to successfully integrate or profitably operate any new
schools or campuses. Additionally, we began offering online degree completion
courses in mid-2004 and we expect to launch our 100% online initiatives in June
2006. We have not previously offered courses online and, accordingly, these
programs may not be successful. A failure by us to effectively identify suitable
expansion opportunities and to establish and manage the operations of newly
established schools or online offerings could slow our growth and make any newly
established schools or our online programs unprofitable or more costly to
operate than we had planned.
Our success depends in part on our ability to update and expand the content of
existing programs and develop new programs in a cost-effective manner and on a
timely basis.
Prospective employers of our graduates increasingly demand that their
entry-level employees possess appropriate technological skills. These skills are
becoming more sophisticated in line with technological advancements in the
automotive, diesel, information technology, or IT, skilled trades and healthcare
industries. Accordingly, educational programs at our schools must keep pace with
those technological advancements. The expansion of our existing programs and the
development of new programs may not be accepted by our students, prospective
employers or the technical education market. Even if we are able to develop
acceptable new programs, we may not be able to introduce these new programs as
quickly as our competitors or as quickly as employers demand. If we are unable
to adequately respond to changes in market requirements due to financial
constraints, unusually rapid technological changes or other factors, our ability
to attract and retain students could be impaired, our placement rates could
suffer and our revenues could be adversely affected.
In addition, if we are unable to adequately anticipate the requirements of the
employers we serve, we may offer programs that do not teach skills useful to
prospective employers or students seeking a technical or career-oriented
education which could affect our placement rates and our ability to attract and
retain students, causing our revenues to be adversely affected.
We may not be able to retain our key personnel or hire and retain the personnel
we need to sustain and grow our business.
Our success has depended, and will continue to depend, largely on the skills,
efforts and motivation of our executive officers who generally have significant
experience within the post-secondary education industry. Our success also
depends in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified
faculty, school directors, administrators and corporate management. Due to the
nature of our business, we face significant competition in the attraction and
28
retention of personnel who possess the skill sets that we seek. In addition, key
personnel may leave us and subsequently compete against us. Furthermore, we do
not currently carry "key man" life insurance on any of our employees. The loss
of the services of any of our key personnel, or our failure to attract and
retain other qualified and experienced personnel on acceptable terms, could have
an adverse effect on our ability to operate our business efficiently and to
execute our growth strategy.
If we are unable to hire, retain and continue to develop and train our employees
responsible for student recruitment, the effectiveness of our student recruiting
efforts would be adversely affected.
In order to support revenue growth, we need to hire new employees dedicated to
student recruitment and retain and continue to develop and train our current
student recruitment personnel. Our ability to develop a strong student
recruiting team may be affected by a number of factors, including our ability to
integrate and motivate our student recruiters; our ability to effectively train
our student recruiters; the length of time it takes new student recruiters to
become productive; regulatory restrictions on the method of compensating student
recruiters; the competition in hiring and retaining student recruiters; and our
ability to effectively manage a multi-location educational organization. If we
are unable to hire, develop or retain our student recruiters, the effectiveness
of our student recruiting efforts would be adversely affected.
Competition could decrease our market share and cause us to lower our tuition
rates.
The post-secondary education market is highly competitive. Our schools compete
for students and faculty with traditional public and private two-year and
four-year colleges and universities and other proprietary schools, many of which
have greater financial resources than we do. Some traditional public and private
colleges and universities, as well as other private career-oriented schools,
offer programs that may be perceived by students to be similar to ours. Most
public institutions are able to charge lower tuition than our schools, due in
part to government subsidies and other financial resources not available to
for-profit schools. Some of our competitors also have substantially greater
financial and other resources than we have which may, among other things, allow
our competitors to secure strategic relationships with some or all of our
existing strategic partners or develop other high profile strategic
relationships or devote more resources to expanding their programs and their
school network, all of which could affect the success of our marketing programs.
In addition, some of our competitors already have a more extended or dense
network of schools and campuses than we do, enabling them to recruit students
more effectively from a wider geographic area. If we are unable to compete
effectively with these institutions for students, our student enrollments and
revenues will be adversely affected.
We may be required to reduce tuition or increase spending in response to
competition in order to retain or attract students or pursue new market
opportunities. As a result, our market share, revenues and operating margin may
be decreased. We cannot be sure that we will be able to compete successfully
against current or future competitors or that the competitive pressures we face
will not adversely affect our revenues and profitability.
Our financial performance depends in part on our ability to continue to develop
awareness and acceptance of our programs among high school graduates and working
adults looking to return to school.
The awareness of our programs among high school graduates and working adults
looking to return to school is critical to the continued acceptance and growth
of our programs. Our inability to continue to develop awareness of our programs
could reduce our enrollments and impair our ability to increase our revenues or
maintain profitability. The following are some of the factors that could prevent
us from successfully marketing our programs:
o Student dissatisfaction with our programs and services;
o Diminished access to high school student populations;
o Our failure to maintain or expand our brand or other factors related to
our marketing or advertising practices; and
o Our inability to maintain relationships with automotive, diesel,
healthcare, skilled trades and IT manufacturers and suppliers.
29
If students fail to pay their outstanding balances, our profitability will be
adversely affected.
We offer a variety of payment plans to help students pay the portion of their
education expense not covered by financial aid programs. These balances are
unsecured and not guaranteed. Although we have reserved for estimated losses
related to unpaid student balances, losses in excess of the amounts we have
reserved for bad debts will result in a reduction in our profitability.
An increase in interest rates could adversely affect our ability to attract and
retain students.
Interest rates have reached historical lows in recent years, creating a
favorable borrowing environment for our students. Much of the financing our
students receive is tied to floating interest rates. Therefore, any future
increase in interest rates will result in a corresponding increase in the cost
to our existing and prospective students of financing their education, which
could result in a reduction in our student population and revenues. Higher
interest rates could also contribute to higher default rates with respect to our
students' repayment of their education loans. Higher default rates may in turn
adversely impact our eligibility for Title IV Program participation, which could
result in a reduction in our student population.
Seasonal and other fluctuations in our results of operations could adversely
affect the trading price of our common stock.
Our results of operations fluctuate as a result of seasonal variations in our
business, principally due to changes in total student population. Student
population varies as a result of new student enrollments, graduations and
student attrition. Historically, our schools have had lower student populations
in our first and second quarters than in the remainder of the year because fewer
new students start during the summer months. Our expenses, however, do not
generally vary at the same rate as changes in our student population and
revenues and, as a result, do not fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis.
We expect quarterly fluctuations in results of operations to continue as a
result of seasonal enrollment patterns. Such patterns may change, however, as a
result of acquisitions, new school openings, new program introductions and
increased enrollments of adult students. These fluctuations may result in
volatility or have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
We cannot predict our future capital needs, and if we are unable to secure
additional financing when needed, our operations and revenues would be adversely
affected.
We may need to raise additional capital in the future to fund our operations,
expand our markets and program offerings or respond to competitive pressures or
perceived opportunities. We cannot be sure that additional financing will be
available to us on favorable terms, or at all. If adequate funds are not
available when required or on acceptable terms, we may be forced to cease our
operations and, even if we are able to continue our operations, our ability to
increase student enrollments and revenues would be adversely affected.
Our schools' failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations governing
our activities could result in financial penalties and other costs which could
adversely impact our results of operations.
We use hazardous materials at some of our schools and generate small quantities
of waste, such as used oil, antifreeze, paint and car batteries. As a result,
our schools are subject to a variety of environmental laws and regulations
governing, among other things, the use, storage and disposal of solid and
hazardous substances and waste, and the clean-up of contamination at our
facilities or off-site locations to which we send or have sent waste for
disposal. In the event we do not maintain compliance with any of these laws and
regulations, or are responsible for a spill or release of hazardous materials,
we could incur significant costs for clean-up, damages, and fines or penalties
which could adversely impact our results of operations.
30
Approximately 29% of our schools are concentrated in the states of New Jersey
and Pennsylvania and a change in the general economic or regulatory conditions
in these states could increase our costs and have an adverse effect on our
revenues.
As of December 31, 2005, we operated 34 campuses in 15 states. Ten of those
schools are located in the states of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. As a result of
this geographic concentration, any material change in general economic
conditions in New Jersey or Pennsylvania could reduce our student enrollment in
our schools located in these states and thereby reduce our revenues. In
addition, the legislatures in the states of New Jersey and/or Pennsylvania could
change the laws in those states or adopt regulations regarding private,
for-profit post-secondary coeducation institutions which could place additional
burdens on us. If we were unable to comply with any such new legislation, we
could be prohibited from operating in those jurisdictions, which could reduce
our revenues.
The number of lenders and financial institutions that make federally guaranteed
student loans and that guarantee Title IV loans is relatively small. The loss of
any of these lenders or guarantors could cause a material adverse effect on our
revenues.
In 2005, seven lenders provided funding to more than 97% of the students at the
schools we owned. While we believe that other lenders would be willing to make
federally guaranteed student loans to our students if loans were no longer
available from our current lenders, we cannot assure you that there are other
lenders who would make federally guaranteed loans to our students. If such
alternative lenders were not forthcoming, our enrollment and our results of
operations could be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, the primary guarantors for the Title IV loans of our students are
USA Group, a subsidiary of Sallie Mae, and New Jersey Higher Education
Assistance Authority, an independent agency of the State of New Jersey. These
two agencies currently guarantee a majority of the federally guaranteed student
loans made to students enrolled at our schools. There are six other guaranty
agencies that guarantee student loans made to students enrolled at our schools.
We believe that other guaranty agencies would be willing to guarantee loans to
our students if any of these guarantee agencies ceased guaranteeing those loans
or reduced the volume of loans they guarantee; however, if we cannot find other
guarantors, our enrollment and our revenues could be materially and adversely
affected.
Anti-takeover provisions in our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws and New Jersey law could
discourage a change of control that our stockholders may favor, which could
negatively affect our stock price.
Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our
amended and restated bylaws and applicable provisions of the New Jersey Business
Corporation Act may make it more difficult and expensive for a third party to
acquire control of us even if a change of control would be beneficial to the
interests of our stockholders. These provisions could discourage potential
takeover attempts and could adversely affect the market price of our common
stock. For example, applicable provisions of the New Jersey Business Corporation
Act may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from
engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period
of five years after the person becomes an interested stockholder. Furthermore,
our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated
bylaws:
o authorize the issuance of blank check preferred stock that could be
issued by our board of directors to thwart a takeover attempt;
o prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors, which would
otherwise allow holders of less than a majority of stock to elect some
directors;
o require super-majority voting to effect amendments to certain
provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation;
o limit who may call special meetings of both the board of directors and
stockholders;
31
o prohibit stockholder action by non-unanimous written consent and
otherwise require all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of
the stockholders;
o establish advance notice requirements for nominating candidates for
election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be
acted upon by stockholders at stockholders' meetings; and
o require that vacancies on the board of directors, including newly
created directorships, be filled only by a majority vote of directors
then in office.
We can issue shares of preferred stock without shareholder approval, which could
adversely affect the rights of common stockholders.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation permits us to establish
the rights, privileges, preferences and restrictions, including voting rights,
of future series of our preferred stock and to issue such stock without approval
from our stockholders. The rights of holders of our common stock may suffer as a
result of the rights granted to holders of preferred stock that may be issued in
the future. In addition, we could issue preferred stock to prevent a change in
control of our company, depriving common stockholders of an opportunity to sell
their stock at a price in excess of the prevailing market price.
Our principal stockholder owns a large percentage of our voting stock which
allows it to control substantially all matters requiring shareholder approval.
Stonington Partners Inc. II, or Stonington, our principal stockholder, directly
or indirectly holds approximately 72% of our outstanding shares. Accordingly, it
controls us through its ability to determine the outcome of the election of our
directors, to amend our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and to take
other actions requiring the vote or consent of stockholders, including mergers,
going private transactions and other extraordinary transactions, and the terms
of any of these transactions. The ownership positions of this stockholder may
have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control or a
change in the composition of our board of directors. In addition, two members of
our board of directors are partners of Stonington. As a result, Stonington has
an added ability to influence certain matters, such as determining compensation
of our executive officers.
32
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
-------------------------
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
----------
We lease all of our facilities, except for our former Indianapolis, Indiana
campus, our Nashville, Tennessee campus, our new Grand Prairie, Texas campus and
our Cincinnati (Tri-County) campus, which we own. Four of our facilities (Union,
New Jersey; Allentown, Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Grand
Prairie, Texas) are also accounted for by us under a finance lease obligation.
We continue to re-evaluate our facilities to maximize our facility utilization
and efficiency and to allow us to introduce new programs and attract more
students. All of our existing leases expire between March 2006 and August 2023,
with the exception of one lease representing a total of 3,000 square feet that
we lease on a month-to-month basis.
The following table provides information relating to our facilities as of
December 31, 2005, including our corporate offices:
Approximate
Square
Location Brand Footage
- --------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- -----------------
Union, New Jersey Lincoln Technical Institute 56,000
Mahwah, New Jersey Lincoln Technical Institute 79,000
Allentown, Pennsylvania Lincoln Technical Institute 26,000
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Lincoln Technical Institute 30,000
Columbia, Maryland Lincoln Technical Institute 91,000
Indianapolis, Indiana(1) Lincoln Technical Institute 182,000
Melrose Park, Illinois Lincoln Technical Institute 67,000
Grand Prairie, Texas Lincoln Technical Institute 146,000
Queens, New York Lincoln Technical Institute 48,000
Denver, Colorado Denver Automotive & Diesel College 78,000
Nashville, Tennessee Nashville Auto-Diesel College 278,000
Edison, New Jersey Cittone Institute 64,000
Mt. Laurel, New Jersey Cittone Institute 26,000
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Cittone Institute 29,000
Northeast Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Cittone Institute 25,000
Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania Cittone Institute 30,000
Paramus, New Jersey Cittone Institute 27,000
Brockton, Massachusetts Career Education Institute 10,000
Lincoln, Rhode Island Career Education Institute 40,000
Lowell, Massachusetts Career Education Institute 20,000
Somerville, Massachusetts Career Education Institute 33,000
Norcross, Georgia Career Education Institute 27,000
Marietta, Georgia Career Education Institute 30,000
Henderson, Nevada Career Education Institute 27,000
Dayton, Ohio Southwestern College 9,000
Franklin, Ohio Southwestern College 14,000
Cincinnati, Ohio Southwestern College 10,000
Cincinnati (Tri-County), Ohio Southwestern College 17,000
Florence, Kentucky Southwestern College 11,000
West Orange, New Jersey Corporate Offices 41,000
New Britain, Connecticut New England Technical Institute 36,000
Cromwell, Connecticut New England Technical Institute 12,000
Hamden, Connecticut New England Technical Institute 13,000
Shelton, Connecticut New England Technical Institute 37,000
Las Vegas, Nevada Euphoria Institute 18,000
33
Henderson, Nevada Euphoria Institute 11,000
(1) Our Indianapolis, Indiana school is currently comprised of two facilities: a
55,900 square foot facility that we own and a 126,000 square foot facility that
we lease.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
-----------------
In the ordinary conduct of our business, we are subject to periodic lawsuits,
investigations and claims, including, but not limited to, claims involving
students or graduates and routine employment matters. Although we cannot predict
with certainty the ultimate resolution of lawsuits, investigations and claims
asserted against us, we do not believe that any currently pending legal
proceeding to which we are a party will have a material adverse effect on our
business or financial condition.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
---------------------------------------------------
There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth
quarter of 2005.
34
PART II.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
-------------------------------------
Market for our Common Stock
Our common stock has been listed on the NASDAQ National Market under the symbol
"LINC" since June 23, 2005 upon our initial public offering. Prior to that time,
there was no public market for our common stock.
The following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices per share
for our common stock, as reported by the NASDAQ, for the periods indicated.
Price Range of
Common Stock
----------------------
High Low
---------- ---------
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2005:
First Quarter $ -- $ --
Second Quarter $ 20.25 $ 19.11
Third Quarter $ 21.00 $ 11.67
Fourth Quarter $ 15.01 $ 11.80
The closing price of our common stock as reported by the NASDAQ on March 24,
2006, was $17.14 per share. As of March 24, 2006, there were approximately 50
stockholders of record of our common stock.
Dividend Policy
No cash dividends were declared or paid in 2005. We anticipate retaining all
available funds to finance future internal growth. Payment of future cash
dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors after
taking into account various factors, including our financial condition,
operating results, current and anticipated cash needs and plans for expansion.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
Lincoln Educational Services has various equity compensation plans under which
equity securities are authorized for issuance. Information regarding these
securities as of December 31, 2005, is as follows:
(a) (b) (c)
Number of securities
remaining available for
Number of Securities to Weighted-average future issuance under
be issued upon exercise exercise price of equity compensation plans
of outstanding options, outstanding options (excluding securities
Plan Category warrants and rights warrants and rights reflected in column (a))
- ------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------------------
Equity compensation plans
approved by security holders 1,839,173 $ 7.26 1,186,807
Equity compensation plans not
approved by security holders -- -- --
Total 1,839,173 $ 7.26 1,186,807
35
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
-----------------------
SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following table sets forth our selected historical consolidated financial
and operating data as of the dates and for the periods indicated. You should
read these data together with Item 7 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial
statements and the notes thereto included in Part II. Item 8 of this filing. The
selected historical consolidated statement of operations data for each of the
years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2005 have been derived from
our audited consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere in
this Form 10-K. The selected historical consolidated statements of operations
data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 and historical
consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 have been
derived from our consolidated financial information not included in this Form
10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our future
results.
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues $ 299,221 $ 261,233 $ 198,574 $ 139,201 $ 105,738
Costs and expenses:
Educational services and facilities(1) 121,524 104,843 85,201 66,580 52,952
Selling, general and administrative(2) 145,194 130,941 97,714 71,753 59,019
(Gain) loss on sale of assets (7) 368 (22) (1,082) --
Total costs and expenses 266,711 236,152 182,893 137,251 111,971
------------ ------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
Operating income (loss) 32,510 25,081 15,681 1,950 (6,233)
Other:
Gain on sale of securities -- -- 211 -- --
Interest income 775 104 133 212 310
Interest expense(3) (2,892) (3,007) (2,758) (2,937) (1,664)
Other income 243 42 307 -- --
------------ ------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
Income (loss) before income taxes 30,636 22,220 13,574 (775) (7,587)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes 11,927 9,242 5,355 (101) (2,942)
Net income (loss) $ 18,709 $ 12,978 $ 8,219 $ (674) $ (4,645)
============ ============= ============= ============== =============
Income (loss) share:
Basic $ 0.80 $ 0.60 $ 0.38 $ (0.03) $ (0.22)
============ ============= ============= ============== =============
Diluted 0.76 0.56 0.37 (0.03) (0.22)
============ ============= ============= ============== =============
Weighted average shares:
Basic 23,475 21,676 21,667 21,662 21,355
Diluted 24,503 23,095 22,364 21,662 21,355
Other Data:
Capital expenditures $ 22,621$ 23,813 $ 13,154 $ 3,598 $ 7,322
Depreciation and amortization 13,064 10,749 9,879 7,201 5,474
Number of campuses 34 28 23 23 23
Average student population 17,869 16,266 12,487 9,155 7,203
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 50,257 $ 41,445 $ 48,965 $ 11,079 $ 7,400
36
Working capital (deficit)(4) 9,285 4,570 13,402 (11,287) (12,710)
Total assets 214,792 162,729 139,355 92,562 89,119
Total debt(5) 10,768 46,829 43,060 22,682 26,596
Total shareholders' equity 135,990 58,086 42,924 33,905 34,096
(1) Educational services and facilities expenses includes a charge of $0.2
million for the year ended December 31, 2005 related to catch-up depreciation
resulting from the reclassification of our property in Indianapolis, Indiana
from property held for sale to property, equipment and facilities as of
September 30, 2005.
(2) Selling, general and administrative expenses includes (a) a $2.1 million
charge for the year ended December 31, 2004 to give effect to the one-time
write-off of deferred offering costs, (b) compensation costs of approximately
$1.3 million, $1.8 million, $0.8 million and $0.5 million for the years ended
December 31, 2005, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, related to the adoption of
SFAS No. 123R, "Share Based Payment," (c) a $0.7 million one-time non-cash
charge for the year ended December 31, 2004 related to the timing of rent
expense for our schools during the period of construction of leasehold
improvements and to align the depreciation lives of our leasehold improvements
to the terms of our noncancellable leases, including renewal options, and (d) a
$0.5 million write-off for the year ended December 31, 2005 resulting from our
decision not to purchase the site we had considered for expansion of our
facility in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
(3) Interest expense includes a $0.4 million non-cash charge for the year
ended December 31, 2005 resulting from the write-off of deferred finance costs
under our old credit agreement.
(4) Working capital (deficit) is defined as current assets less current
liabilities.
(5) Total debt consists of long-term debt including current portion, capital
leases, auto loans and a finance obligation of $9.7 million for each of the
years in the five year period ended December 31, 2005 incurred in connection
with a sale-leaseback transaction as further described in Note 9 to the
consolidated financial statements included Part II Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
37
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
OF OPERATIONS
-------------
You should read the following discussion together with the "Selected Financial
Data," "Forward Looking Statements" and the consolidated financial statements
and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. This
discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on management's
current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and
operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those currently
anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements as a result of a
number of factors, including those we discuss under "Risk Factors," "Forward
Looking Statements" and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
GENERAL
- -------
We are a leading and diversified for-profit provider of career-oriented
post-secondary education. We offer recent high school graduates and working
adults degree and diploma programs in five areas of study: automotive
technology, allied health, skilled trades, business and information technology
and spa and culinary. As of December 31, 2005, we enrolled 17,602 students at
our 34 campuses across 15 states. Our campuses primarily attract students from
their local communities and surrounding areas, although our four destination
schools attract students from across the United States, and in some cases, from
abroad. We continue to expand our product offerings. In the third quarter of
2005, we received approval to offer our new medical coding and billing program
at thirteen of our campuses which was introduced at 10 campuses by December 31,
2005. In addition, we completed a 14,000 square foot addition to our Marietta,
Georgia campus in June 2005, which enables us to offer a new program, Electronic
Systems Technician, as well as additional capacity for allied health programs.
From 1999 through December 31, 2005, we obtained fifteen additional schools
through our acquisitions of Denver Automotive & Diesel College in 2000 (one
school), Career Education Institute in 2001 (two schools), Nashville Auto-Diesel
College in 2003 (one school) and Southwestern College in 2004 (five schools),
New England Technical Institute (four schools) in January 2005, and Euphoria
Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences (two schools) in December 2005. Our
campuses, a majority of which serve major metropolitan markets, are located
throughout the United States. Four of our campuses are destination schools,
which attract students from across the United States and, in some cases, from
abroad. Our other campuses primarily attract students from their local
communities and surrounding areas. All of our schools with the exception of
Euphoria are nationally accredited and are eligible to participate in federal
financial aid programs. Southwestern College received an executed provisional
program participation agreement from the DOE. New England Technical Institute
has received an executed temporary provisional program participation agreement
from the DOE.
Our revenues consist primarily of student tuition and fees derived from the
programs we offer and are presented as revenues after reductions related to
scholarships and refunds for students who withdraw from our programs prior to
specified dates. We recognize revenues from tuition and one-time fees, such as
application fees, ratably over the length of a program, including internships or
externships that take place prior to graduation. We also earn revenues from our
bookstores, dormitories, cafeterias and contract training services. These
non-tuition revenues are recognized upon delivery of goods or as services are
performed and represent less than 10% of our revenues.
Tuition varies by school and by program and on average we increase tuition once
a year by 2% to 5%. Our ability to raise tuition is influenced by the demand for
our programs and by the rate of tuition increase at other post-secondary
schools. If historical trends continue, we expect to be able to continue to
raise tuition annually at comparable rates.
We have historically enjoyed strong revenue growth as we have grown both
organically and from acquisitions over the last several years. Our revenues have
increased 14.5% and 31.6%, in 2005 and 2004 respectively, over the prior years
as we grew from 23 campuses at December 31, 2003 to 34 campuses at December 31,
2005. During this same time period our average student population increased from
12,487 as of December 31, 2003 to 17,869 as of December 31, 2005. While we
expect to be able to continue to increase our revenues and enrollments in the
foreseeable future as a result of both organic growth and strategic
acquisitions, we can give no assurance as to our ability to continue to increase
our revenues at historical rates and expect our rate of revenue increases to
moderate over time as we become a larger and more mature company.
38
Our operating expenses are also a function of our revenue growth. Our
educational services and facilities expenses and selling, general and
administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue have decreased over time as
our revenues has increased. Educational services and facilities expenses have
decreased as a percentage of revenue from 42.9% in 2003 to 40.6% in 2005 and
selling, general and administrative expenses have decreased as a percentage of
revenues from 49.2% in 2003 to 48.5% in 2005. We expect that in the future these
expenses will continue to decline slightly as a percentage of revenues as we
achieve better operating efficiencies and utilization at our schools.
Our revenues are directly dependent on our average number of students enrolled
and the particular courses they are taking. Our enrollment is influenced by the
number of new students starting, re-entering, graduating and withdrawing from
our schools. In addition, our programs range from 14 to 108 weeks and students
attend classes for different amounts of time per week depending on the school
and program in which they are enrolled. Because we start new students every
month, our total student population changes monthly. The number of students
enrolling or re-entering our programs each month is driven by the demand for our
programs, the effectiveness of our marketing and advertising, the availability
of financial aid and other sources of funding, the number of recent high school
graduates and seasonality. Our retention and graduation rates are influenced by
the quality and commitment of our teachers and student services personnel, the
effectiveness of our programs, the placement rate and success of our graduates
and the availability of financial aid. Although similar courses have comparable
tuition rates, the tuition rates vary among our numerous programs. As more of
our schools receive approval to offer associate degree programs, which are
longer than our diploma degree programs, we would expect our average enrollments
and the average length of stay of our students to increase.
The majority of students enrolled at our schools rely on funds received under
various government-sponsored student financial aid programs to pay a substantial
portion of their tuition and other education-related expenses. The largest of
these programs are Title IV Programs which represented approximately 80% of our
cash receipts relating to revenues in 2005.
We extend credit for tuition and fees to many of our students that are in
attendance in our campuses. In addition, we also participate in a private
recourse lending agreement with SLM Financial Corporation where we have credit
risk for student loan defaults up to 30% of funds disbursed under the agreement.
The agreement has a disbursement limit of $6 million. Our credit risk is
mitigated through the student's participation in federally funded financial aid
programs unless students withdraw prior to the receipt by us of Title IV funds
for those students. For the three years ended December 31, 2005 our bad debt
expense as a percentage of revenues was 3.7%, 3.5% and 3.7%, respectively.
All institutions participating in Title IV Programs must satisfy specific
standards of financial responsibility. The DOE evaluates institutions for
compliance with these standards each year, based on the institution's annual
audited financial statements, as well as following a change in ownership
resulting in a change of control of the institution.
Based on our calculations, our audited financial statements for the 2005 and
2004 fiscal years reflect a composite score of 2.5 and 1.8, respectively. The
DOE has confirmed that we received a passing composite score of 1.5 or more for
the 2003 fiscal year. The DOE has not yet reviewed our financial statements for
the 2004 fiscal year. However, as a result of the corrections of certain errors,
including accounting for advertising costs, a sale leaseback transaction, rent
and certain other individually insignificant adjustments, in our prior financial
statements, the DOE recomputed our consolidated composite scores for the years
ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and concluded that the recomputed consolidated
composite scores for those two years were below 1.0. In addition, we identified
certain additional errors in our financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2003 relating to our accounting for stock-based compensation and
accrued bonuses that did not result in a recomputation of our 2003 composite
score. The DOE has informed us that as a result, for a period of three years
effective December 30, 2004, all of our current and future institutions have
been placed on "Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type 1 status." As a result, we are
subject to a less favorable Title IV fund payment system that requires us to
credit student accounts before drawing down Title IV funds and are also required
to timely notify the DOE with respect to certain enumerated oversight and
financial events. The DOE also informed us that these corrections will be taken
into consideration when each of our institutions applies for recertification of
its eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs. When each of our
institutions is next required to apply for recertification to participate in
Title IV Programs, we expect that the DOE will also consider our audited
financial statements and composite scores for our most recent fiscal year as
well as for other fiscal years after 2001 and 2002. Additionally, since the DOE
concluded that the previously computed composite scores for 2001 and 2002 were
overstated, we agreed to pay $165,000 to the DOE, pursuant to a
39
settlement agreement, with respect to compliance issues related to this matter.
We paid this amount on March 3, 2005.
Although no assurance can be given, we do not believe that the actions of the
DOE specified above will have a material effect on our financial position,
results of operations or cash flows since we have always operated our business
in a manner similar to an institution operating under "Heightened Cash
Monitoring, Type 1 status" and accordingly, it has been our policy to credit
student accounts before drawing down Title IV funds. We also do not believe the
additional reporting requirements will cause an undue burden on our operations.
An institution is required to operate under "Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type 1
status," if it has a composite score between 1.0 and 1.4. If an institution's
composite score is below 1.0, the institution is considered by the DOE to lack
financial responsibility and, as a condition of Title IV Program participation,
the institution may be required to, among other things, post a letter of credit
in an amount of at least 10 to 50 percent of the institution's annual Title IV
Program participation for its most recent fiscal year. A composite score under
1.0 in any future year could have an adverse effect on our operations and would
result in a default under our new credit agreement and could result in an
acceleration of the debt under our new credit agreement.
The operating expenses associated with an existing school do not increase
proportionally as the number of students enrolled at the school increases. We
categorize our operating expenses as (1) educational services and facilities and
(2) selling, general and administrative.
o Major components of educational services and facilities expenses
include faculty compensation and benefits, expenses of books and tools,
facility rent, maintenance, utilities, depreciation and amortization of
property and equipment used in the provision of education services and
other costs directly associated with teaching our programs and
providing educational services to our students.
o Selling, general and administrative expenses include compensation and
benefits of employees who are not directly associated with the
provision of educational services (such as executive management and
school management, finance and central accounting, legal, human
resources and business development), marketing and student enrollment
expenses (including compensation and benefits of personnel employed in
sales and marketing and student admissions), costs to develop
curriculum, costs of professional services, bad debt expense, rent for
our corporate headquarters, depreciation and amortization of property
and equipment that is not used in the provision of educational services
and other costs that are incidental to our operations. All marketing
and student enrollment expenses are recognized in the period incurred.
We use advertising to attract a substantial portion of our yearly student
enrollments. While we utilize a mix of different advertising mediums, including
television, internet and direct mail, we rely heavily on television advertising.
The cost of television advertising has been increasing faster than the pace of
student tuition increases and the cost of living index. Continued increases in
the cost of television advertising may have a material impact on our operating
margins.
Costs associated with the implementation of our student management and reporting
system have increased over the last year as we began to implement a new student
management and reporting system. We expect the roll-out of this system to
continue through the remainder of 2006 and the first half of 2007. We believe
that the investment in our student management and reporting system will improve
services to students and our ability to integrate new schools into our
operations, if and when new schools are opened or acquired. We anticipate that
the cost to complete the continued roll-out of our new student management and
reporting system will be approximately $1.5 million. We anticipate funding these
costs with cash provided by operating activities and cash on hand or
alternatively with borrowings under our credit agreement. Included in selling,
general and administrative expenses are costs related to this roll out of
approximately $1.8 million, $0.5 and $0.0, respectively for the three years
ended December 31, 2005.
Costs related to building or developing new facilities are expensed as incurred,
except for related capital expenditures. Costs related to our start up facility
in Queens, New York, which will open March 27, 2006 were approximately $1.6
million, $0.1 and $0.0, for the three years in the period ended December 31,
2005.
40
Additional costs for legal and accounting services, compliance with
Sarbanes-Oxley Act regulations and other annual costs of doing business as a
public company were approximately $0.7 million for the year ended December 31,
2005.
ACQUISITIONS
- ------------
Acquisitions have been, and will continue to be, a component of our growth
strategy. We have a team of professionals who conduct financial, operational and
regulatory due diligence as well as a team that integrates acquisitions with our
policies, procedures and systems.
On January 11, 2005 we acquired the rights, title and interest in the assets
used in the conduct and operation of New England Technical Institute for $18.8
million including costs related to the acquisition. This acquisition was funded
by borrowings under our existing credit facility. New England Technical
Institute operates four schools in New Britain, Hamden, Shelton and Cromwell,
Connecticut.
On December 1, 2005 we acquired the rights, title and interest in the assets
used in the conduct and operation of Euphoria Institute LLC for $9.0 million
including costs related to the acquisition. This acquisition was funded by
operations. Euphoria Institute LLC operates two schools in Henderson and Las
Vegas, Nevada.
In addition, we currently have an executed letter of intent outstanding with
respect to a potential acquisition of a single school. The letter of intent is
non-binding and is subject to the satisfaction of a number of conditions
precedent prior to the consummation of the acquisition, including the completion
of due diligence and the negotiation and the execution of a definitive purchase
agreement. Although the negotiation of the definitive purchase agreement with
respect to this acquisition is in the final stages and we expect to have a
definitive purchase agreement executed shortly, we cannot assure you that the
consummation of this acquisition will actually occur.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
- ------------------------------------------
Our discussions of our financial condition and results of operations are based
upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America, or GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. On an ongoing
basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those related to
revenue recognition, bad debts, fixed assets, goodwill and other intangible
assets, income taxes and certain accruals. Actual results could differ from
those estimates. The critical accounting policies discussed herein are not
intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many
cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically
dictated by GAAP and does not result in significant management judgment in the
application of such principles. There are also areas in which management's
judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially
different result from the result derived from the application of our critical
accounting policies. We believe that the following accounting policies are most
critical to us in that they represent the primary areas where financial
information is subject to the application of management's estimates, assumptions
and judgment in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue recognition. Revenues are derived primarily from programs taught at our
schools. Tuition revenues and one-time fees, such as nonrefundable application
fees, and course material fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the
length of the applicable program, which is the period of time from a student's
start date through his or her graduation date, including internships or
externships that take place prior to graduation. If a student withdraws from a
program prior to a specified date, any paid but unearned tuition is refunded.
Refunds are calculated and paid in accordance with federal, state and
accrediting agency standards. Other revenues, such as textbook sales, tool sales
and contract training revenues are recognized as services are performed or goods
are delivered. On an individual student basis, tuition earned in excess of cash
received is recorded as accounts receivable, and cash received in excess of
tuition earned is recorded as unearned tuition.
41
Allowance for uncollectible accounts. Based upon experience and judgment, we
establish an allowance for uncollectible accounts with respect to tuition
receivables. We use an internal group of collectors, augmented by third-party
collectors as deemed appropriate, in our collection efforts. In establishing our
allowance for uncollectible accounts, we consider, among other things, a
student's status (in-school or out-of-school), whether or not additional
financial aid funding will be collected from Title IV Programs or other sources,
whether or not a student is currently making payments, and overall collection
history. Changes in trends in any of these areas may impact the allowance for
uncollectible accounts. The receivables balances of withdrawn students with
delinquent obligations are reserved for based on our collection history.
Although we believe that our reserves are adequate, if the financial condition
of our students deteriorates, resulting in an impairment of their ability to
make payments, additional allowances may be necessary, which will result in
increased selling, general and administrative expenses in the period such
determination is made.
Our bad debt expense as a percentage of revenues for the years ended December
31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 was 3.7%, 3.5% and 3.7%, respectively. Our exposure to
changes in our bad debt expense could impact our operations. A 1% increase in
our bad debt expense as a percentage of revenues for the years ended December
31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 would have resulted in an increase in bad debt expense
of $2.9 million, $2.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
Because a substantial portion of our revenues is derived from Title IV Programs,
any legislative or regulatory action that significantly reduces the funding
available under Title IV Programs or the ability of our students or schools to
participate in Title IV Programs could have a material effect on the
realizability of our receivables.
Goodwill. We test our goodwill for impairment annually, or whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred, by comparing
its fair value to its carrying value. Impairment may result from, among other
things, deterioration in the performance of the acquired business, adverse
market conditions, adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations, including
changes that restrict the activities of the acquired business, and a variety of
other circumstances. If we determine that an impairment has occurred, we are
required to record a write-down of the carrying value and charge the impairment
as an operating expense in the period the determination is made. In evaluating
the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill and other indefinite-lived
intangible assets, we must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash
flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the acquired assets.
Changes in strategy or market conditions could significantly impact these
judgments in the future and require an adjustment to the recorded balances.
Goodwill represents a significant portion of our total assets. As of December
31, 2005, goodwill represented approximately $59.5 million, or 27.7%, of our
total assets. At December 31, 2005, we tested our goodwill for impairment
utilizing a market capitalization approach and determined that we did not have
an impairment.
Stock-based compensation. We currently account for stock-based employee
compensation arrangements in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R,
"Share Based Payment." Effective January 1, 2004, we elected to change our
accounting policies from the use of the intrinsic value method of Accounting
Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation" to the fair value-based method of accounting for options as
prescribed by SFAS No. 123 "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation". As
permitted under SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation--Transitions and Disclosure--an amendment to SFAS Statement No.
123," we elected to retroactively restate all periods presented. Because no
market for our common stock existed, our board of directors determined the fair
value of our common stock based upon several factors, including our operating
performance, forecasted future operating results, and our expected valuation in
an initial public offering.
Prior to our initial public offering, we valued the exercise price of options
issued to employees using a market based approach. This approach took into
consideration the value ascribed to our competitors by the market. In
determining the fair value of an option at the time of grant, we reviewed
contemporaneous information about our peers, which included a variety of market
multiples, including, but not limited to, revenue, EBITDA, net income,
historical growth rates and market/industry focus. During 2004, the value we
ascribed to stock options granted was based upon our anticipated initial public
offering as well as discussions with our investment advisors. Due to the number
of peer companies in our sector, we believed using public company comparisons
provided a better indication of how the market values companies in the
for-profit post secondary education sector.
42
During 2005, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123R, "Share Based Payment".
The adoption of SFAS No. 123R did not have a material impact on our financial
statements.
Bonus costs. We accrue the estimated cost of our bonus programs using current
financial and statistical information as compared to targeted financial
achievements and actual student graduate outcomes. Although we believe our
estimated liability recorded for bonuses is reasonable, actual results could
differ and require adjustment of the recorded balance.
Results of Operations for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2005
The following table sets forth selected consolidated statements of operations
data as a percentage of revenues for each of the periods indicate:
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
-------- ------- --------
Revenues 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Costs and expenses:
Educational services and facilities 40.6 40.1 42.9
Selling, general and administrative 48.5 50.1 49.2
Loss (gain) on sale of assets 0.0 0.2 0.0
----- ----- -----
Total costs and expenses 89.1 90.4 92.1
----- ----- -----
Operating income 10.9 9.6 7.9
Other income 0.1 0.0 0.2
Interest income 0.2 0.1 0.1
Interest expense (1.0) (1.2) (1.4)
----- ----- -----
Income before income taxes 10.1 8.5 6.8
Provision for income taxes 3.9 3.5 2.7
Net income 6.3% 5.0% 4.1%
===== ===== =====
Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004
Revenues. Revenues increased by $38.0 million, or 14.5%, to $299.2 million for
2005 from $261.2 million for 2004. Of this increase, approximately $16.7
million, or 6.4%, was attributable to the acquisition of New England Technical
Institute, or NETI, on January 11, 2005, while the remainder of the increase was
primarily due to a 3.0% increase in our average undergraduate full-time student
population, which increased to 16,752 for the year ended December 31, 2005,
exclusive of NETI, as compared to 16,266 for the year ended December 31, 2004,
as well as from tuition increases, which ranged between 2% and 5% annually
depending on the program. Growth in average student population was driven by
increased demand for our allied health and automotive programs and partially
offset by decreased demand for our information technology programs. Average
student population for the year ended December 31, 2005 was 17,869 students,
representing an increase of 9.9% compared to average student enrollment of
16,266 for the year ended December 31, 2004.
Educational services and facilities expenses. Our educational services and
facilities expenses increased by $16.7 million, or 15.9%, to $121.5 million for
2005 from $104.8 million for 2004. Our acquisition of NETI accounted for 9.6%,
or $10.0 million, of this increase. Instructional expenses increased by 3.6%
over the prior year primarily due to increased compensation and benefits
expenses. The increase in average student population also
43
resulted in an increase in books and tools expenses, which increased 8.2% for
the year. The remainder of the increase in educational services and facilities
expenses was primarily due to facilities expenses which increased $3.5 million
over the prior year. Of this amount approximately $1.3 million represented
additional rent expense in 2005 as compared to prior year rent due on our new
Queens, New York facility, our expanded campus facilities in Lincoln, Rhode
Island and Marietta, Georgia, which opened in the later part of 2004, and the
expansion of our corporate facilities in February 2005. The increase in our
facilities expenses also resulted from an increase in student meal plan expense
of approximately $0.8 million due to new cafeteria facilities at our
Indianapolis, Indiana facility as well as increased population at our other
destination schools. Our facilities expenses also included a charge of $0.2
million related to catch-up depreciation resulting from the reclassification of
our property in Indianapolis, Indiana from property held for sale to property,
equipment and facilities as of September 30, 2005. Educational services and
facilities expenses as a percentage of revenues increased to 40.6% of revenues
for 2005 from 40.1% for 2004.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Our selling, general and
administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2005 were $145.2
million, an increase of $14.3 million, or 10.9%, from $130.9 million for 2004.
Approximately $5.8 million, or 4.4%, of this increase was attributed to our
acquisition of NETI in January 2005. The remainder of the increase was primarily
due to: (a) a 5.2% increase in sales expense resulting mainly from incremental
compensation and benefit expenses related to additional sales representatives;
(b) a 17.3%, or $3.9 million increase in marketing costs as a result of
increased advertising expenses associated with student leads and enrollment; and
(c) a 9.0% increase in student services expense as a result of our 3.0% growth
in average student population as well as increased expenses incurred to bus our
students at some of our campuses.
Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2005, administrative expenses
increased $1.7 million over the prior year. This increase includes approximately
$0.5 million of costs that we wrote-off in December 2005 resulting from our
decision not to pursue the acquisition of a site we had identified for expanding
our facility in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In December 2005, we made this
decision due to delays in obtaining the necessary variances from the city. The
implementation of our student management and reporting system also resulted in
approximately $1.3 million of increased costs over 2004. These increases were
partially offset in 2005 with lower compensation expense, primarily resulting
from a decrease of bonuses to be paid in 2005 as compared to 2004. Selling,
general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to
48.5% of revenues for 2005 from 50.1% for 2004.
Interest income. Interest income increased to $0.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2005, an increase of $0.7 million from interest income of $0.1
million for 2004. The increase in interest income for the year was due to higher
average cash balances during the year, resulting from higher cash generated by
operations as well as our receipt of $56.3 million of net proceeds from our
initial public offering.
Interest expense. Interest expense decreased $0.1 million, or 3.8%, to $2.9
million for 2005 from $3.0 million for 2004. This decrease was primarily due to
a decrease in our average debt balance outstanding as we utilized a portion of
the proceeds from our initial public offering to pay down all amounts
outstanding under our old credit agreement. Interest expense for the year ended
December 31, 2005 also included approximately $0.4 million related to the
write-off of deferred financing costs under our old credit agreement.
Income taxes. Our provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31,
2005 was $11.9 million, or 38.9% of pretax income, compared to $9.2 million, or
41.6% of pretax income for the year ended December 31, 2004. The lower effective
tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2005 was primarily attributable to the
recognition of a benefit of $0.8 million related to the favorable resolution of
a tax contingency.
Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2003
Revenues. Our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2004 were $261.2 million,
representing an increase of $62.6 million, or 31.6%, as compared to revenues of
$198.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. Of this increase,
approximately $7.6 million, or 12.2%, of the increase, was the result of our
acquisition of Southwestern College on January 23, 2004, while the remainder of
the increase was primarily due to a 22.4% increase in the average undergraduate
full-time student population, which increased to 15,280, exclusive of
Southwestern College,
44
for the year ended December 31, 2004 as compared to 12,487 for the year ended
December 31, 2003, and from tuition increases, which averaged between 2% to 5%
annually depending on the program.
Educational services and facilities expenses. Our educational services and
facilities expenses for the year ended December 31, 2004 were $104.8 million,
representing an increase of $19.6 million, or 23.1%, as compared to educational
services and facilities expenses of $85.2 million for the year ended December
31, 2003. The increases in educational services and facilities expense for the
year ended December 31, 2004 were primarily due to our acquisition of
Southwestern College and higher average student enrollments, which required
additional educational and operations personnel as well as books, tools and
supplies. As a result, instruction compensation and benefit expenses increased
by $9.9 million and books and tool expenses increased by approximately $2.1
million for the year ended December 31, 2004 compared to the prior year. For the
year ended December 31, 2004, we also experienced increased rent expense of
approximately $3.5 million over the prior year primarily due to increased square
footage of several facilities coupled with the relocation of certain existing
facilities to new larger facilities. Included in the $3.5 million increase
described above is a charge of approximately $0.7 million relating to prior
periods due to changes in the way we account for rent holidays in lease terms
and the depreciable lives of leasehold improvements, as more fully described in
Note 18 to the audited consolidated financial statements. Educational services
and facilities expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 40.1% for the
year ended December 31, 2004 from 42.9% for the year ended December 31, 2003,
primarily due to improvements in the utilization of our existing facilities
resulting from higher average student enrollments and increased
student-to-teacher ratios.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Our selling, general and
administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2004 was $130.9 million,
an increase of $33.2 million, or 34.0%, as compared to selling, general and
administrative expenses of $97.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2003.
Approximately $4.6 million or 13.9% of the increase was due to the acquisition
of Southwestern College. The remainder of the increase was due to (1) an 11.4%
increase in sales expense resulting mainly from incremental compensation and
benefit expenses related to additional sales representatives, (2) a 22.7%
increase in marketing costs as a result of increased advertising expenses
associated with student leads and enrollment, (3) a 24.1% increase in student
services expenses as a result of our 22.4% growth in average student population,
(4) a 124.1% increase in additional stock compensation expense recognized for
the year ended December 31, 2004 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2003
in accordance with FASB No. 123 and (5) approximately $2.1 million from the
write-off of deferred offering costs due to a delay in filing the registration
statement for this offering. During 2004 we significantly increased our
personnel, including our administrative personnel, in order to ensure we had the
proper infrastructure to provide a quality education to our students and meet
our stockholders' and investors' expectations.
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue
increased to 50.1% for the year ended December 31, 2004 from 49.2% for the year
ended December 31, 2003. The increase in selling, general and administrative
expenses as a percentage of revenue was directly attributable to the acquisition
of Southwestern College offset by better utilization of our staff. Excluding the
Southwestern College acquisition, the write-off of the deferred offering costs
and the additional stock compensation expense, selling, general and
administrative expenses would have decreased to 48.4% of revenue for the year
ended December 31, 2004.
Interest expense. Our interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2004 was
$3.0 million representing an increase of $0.2 million, or 9.0%, from $2.8
million for the year ended December 31, 2003. This increase was primarily due to
an increase in the average debt balance outstanding under our previous credit
agreement as a result of our acquisition of Southwestern College.
Income taxes. Our provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31,
2004 was $9.2 million, or 41.6% of pretax income, compared to a $5.4 million, or
39.5% of pretax income, for the year ended December 31, 2003. The higher
effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2004 is primarily
attributable to our higher federal tax bracket in 2004.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
- -------------------------------
Our primary capital requirements are for facilities expansion and maintenance,
acquisitions and the development of new programs. Our principal sources of
liquidity have been cash provided by operating activities and borrowings
45
under our credit agreement. The following chart summarizes the principal
elements of our cash flow for the past three fiscal years ended December 31,
2005:
Cash Flow Summary
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
---------- ----------- -----------
(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 38,966 $ 26,674 $ 27,166
------------ ------------- -------------
Net cash used in investing activities:
Capital expenditures $ (22,621) $ (23,813) $ (13,154)
Acquisitions of a business, net of cash
acquired (27,776) (14,498) (7,583)
Other 0 0 12,057
------------ ------------- -------------
Total net cash used in investing activities $ (50,397) $ (38,311) $ (8,680)
============ ============= =============
Net cash provided by financing activities $ 20,243 $ 4,117 $ 19,400
============ ============= =============
Operating Activities
As of December 31, 2005, we had cash and cash equivalents of $50.3 million,
compared to cash and cash equivalents of $41.4 million as of December 31, 2004.
Historically, we have financed our operating activities and our organic growth
primarily through cash generated from operations. We have financed acquisitions
primarily through borrowings under our credit agreement and cash generated from
operations. Management currently anticipates that we will be able to meet both
our short-term cash needs, as well as our needs to fund operations and meet our
obligations beyond the next twelve months with cash generated by operations,
existing cash balances and, if necessary, borrowings under our credit agreement.
As of December 31, 2005, we had net borrowings available under our $100 million
credit agreement of $95.9 million, including a sub-limit on letters of credit of
$15.9 million. However, as noted above under "Acquisition," we currently have an
executed letter of intent outstanding with respect to a potential acquisition of
a single school. If this acquisition were consummated, our cash and cash
equivalents would be significantly reduced and we would expect to incur
additional indebtedness. Notwithstanding this reduction in cash and cash
equivalents, we believe that post acquisition we will continue to be able to
meet both our short-term and our long-term cash needs through the sources
identified above.
Our primary source of cash is tuition collected from our students. The majority
of students enrolled at our schools rely on funds received under various
government-sponsored student financial aid programs to pay a substantial portion
of their tuition and other education-related expenses. The largest of these
programs are Title IV Programs which represented approximately 80% of our cash
receipts relating to revenues in 2005. Students must apply for a new loan for
each academic period. Federal regulations dictate the timing of disbursements of
funds under Title IV Programs and loan funds are generally provided by lenders
in two disbursements for each academic year. The first disbursement is usually
received approximately 30 days after the start of a student's academic year and
the second disbursement is typically received at the beginning of the sixteenth
week from the start of the student's academic year. Certain types of grants and
other funding are not subject to a 30-day delay. Our programs range from 14 to
108 weeks and may cover one or two academic years. In certain instances, if a
student withdraws from a program prior to a specified date, any paid but
unearned tuition or prorated Title IV financial aid is refunded and the amount
of the refund varies by state.
46
As a result of the significance of the Title IV funds received by our students,
we are highly dependent on these funds to operate our business. Any reduction in
the level of Title IV funds that our students are eligible to receive or any
impact on our ability to be able to receive Title IV funds would have a
significant impact on our operations and our financial condition.
Net cash provided by operating activities is attributable primarily to net
income adjusted for depreciation and amortization, non-cash expenses and changes
in working capital items.
Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004. Net cash
provided by operating activities increased to $39.0 million for 2005 from $26.7
million for 2004. This increase of $12.3 million, or 46.1%, was primarily due to
a $5.7 million increase in net income, a $1.9 million increase in our provision
for doubtful accounts for the year and taxes currently payable of approximately
$4.1 million. During 2004 we made an extra $2.4 million in tax payments. The
remainder of the increase resulted from changes in other working capital items.
Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2003. Net cash
provided by operating activities decreased to $26.7 million for 2004 from $27.2
million for 2003. This decrease of $0.5 million, or 1.8%, was primarily due to a
$1.0 million increase in stock compensation expense in accordance with FASB No.
123 and a $1.8 million increase in our provision for doubtful accounts as a
result of a $62.6 million increase in revenue offset by decreases that resulted
from changes in working capital items, including deferred income taxes and
accrued expenses.
Investing Activities
Our cash used in investing activities was primarily related to the purchase of
property and equipment and in acquiring schools. Our capital expenditures
primarily result from facility expansion, leasehold improvements, and
investments in classroom and shop technology and in operating systems. On
January 11, 2005, we acquired New England Technical Institute for $18.8 million
in cash and on December 1, 2005, we acquired Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts
and Sciences for approximately $9.0 million in cash.
We currently lease almost all of our campuses. As we execute our growth
strategy, strategic acquisitions of campuses may be considered. In addition,
although our current growth strategy is to continue our organic growth,
strategic acquisitions of operations will be considered. To the extent that
these potential strategic acquisitions are large enough to require financing
beyond available cash from operations and borrowings under our credit
facilities, we may incur additional debt or issue additional debt or equity
securities.
Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004. Net cash
used in investing activities increased $12.1 million to $50.4 million for the
year ended December 31, 2005 from $38.3 million for the year ended December 31,
2004. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in cash used in
acquisitions of $13.3 million in connection with the acquisitions of NETI and
Euphoria. Capital expenditures decreased to $22.6 million for 2005 from $23.8
million for 2004. This decrease of $1.2 million was primarily attributable to
the timing of certain expenditures. Our capital expenditures result primarily
from facility expansions, leasehold improvements, investments in classroom and
shop technology and in operating systems.
Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2003. Net
cash used in investing activities increased $29.6 million to $38.3 million for
the year ended December 31, 2004 from $8.7 million for the year ended December
31, 2003. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in cash used
in acquisitions of $6.9 million in connection with the acquisition of
Southwestern College as well as the receipt in the prior year of approximately
$3.0 million from the sale of securities. Additionally, $9.0 million was
released from restricted cash for the year ended December 31, 2003 in connection
with the refinancing of our credit agreement and we had an increase in capital
expenditures of $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from the year
ended December 31, 2003.
Capital expenditures are expected to increase in 2006 as we upgrade and expand
current equipment and facilities or open new facilities to meet increased
student enrollments. We opened a 126,000 square foot automotive school in
Indianapolis, Indiana in the second quarter of 2004 and a 40,000 square foot
allied health and business and
47
information technology school in Lincoln, Rhode Island in October 2004. In 2005,
we took possession of our new 48,000 square foot Queens, New York automotive
campus and we purchased our Grand Prairie, Texas facility. Our Queens facility
will open on March 27, 2006 and we expect our Grand Prairie, Texas facility to
be operational by the end of the third quarter of 2006. We anticipate capital
expenditures to range between 10% to 15% of revenues in 2006 and expect to fund
these capital expenditures with cash generated from operating activities and, if
necessary, with borrowings under our credit agreement.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities increased to $20.2 million for the
year ended December 31, 2005 from $4.1 million for the year ended December 31,
2004. This increase is mainly attributable to our receipt of the net proceeds
from our initial public offering offset by debt repayments under our old credit
agreement.
Net cash provided by financing activities decreased to $4.1 million for the year
ended December 31, 2004 from $19.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2003.
This decrease is mainly attributable to our borrowing $26.0 million less in 2004
than in 2003.
At December 31, 2004, our wholly-owned operating subsidiary, Lincoln Technical
Institute, Inc., its subsidiaries and Southwestern College had $35.8 million in
loans outstanding and $4.0 million in letters of credit outstanding under our
previous credit agreement that was entered into at February 11, 2003 to
refinance our prior credit agreement. At December 31, 2004, the interest rate on
the amounts outstanding under our previous credit agreement ranged from 5.70% to
6.75%.
On February 15, 2005, we and our subsidiaries entered into a new credit
agreement with a syndicate of banks. This new credit agreement provides for a
$100 million revolving credit facility with a term of five years under which any
outstanding borrowings bear interest at the rate of adjusted LIBOR (as defined
in the new credit agreement) plus a margin that may range from 1.00% to 1.75% or
a base rate (as defined in the new credit agreement) plus a margin that may
range from 0.00% to 0.25%. We did not have any amounts outstanding under this
credit agreement as of December 31, 2005. The new credit agreement permits the
issuance of letters of credit up to an aggregate amount of $20.0 million, the
amount of which reduces the availability of permitted borrowings under the new
credit agreement. We incurred approximately $0.8 million of deferred finance
costs under this agreement.
Our obligations and our subsidiaries' obligations under the credit agreement are
secured by a lien on substantially all of our and our subsidiaries' assets and
any assets that we and our subsidiaries may acquire in the future, including a
pledge of substantially all of the subsidiaries' common stock. In addition to
paying interest on outstanding principal under the credit agreement, we are
required to pay a commitment fee to the lender with respect to the unused
amounts available under the credit agreement at a rate equal to 0.25% to 0.40%
per year, as defined. In connection with our initial public offering in 2005, we
repaid the then outstanding loan balance of $31.0 million under our credit
facility.
48
The credit agreement contains various covenants, including a number of financial
covenants. Furthermore, the credit agreement contains customary events of
default as well as an event of default in the event of the suspension or
termination of Title IV Program funding for our and our subsidiaries' schools
aggregating 10% or more of our EBITDA (as defined in the new credit agreement)
or our and our subsidiaries' consolidated total assets and such suspension or
termination is not cured within a specified period. The following table sets
forth our long-term debt for the periods indicated:
As of December 31,
2005 2004
Credit agreement $ -- $ --
Credit facility -- 35,750
Finance obligation 9,672 9,672
Automobile loans 81 113
Capital leases--computers (with rates ranging from 6.7% to 10.7%) 1,015 1,294
-------------- --------------
10,768 46,829
Less current maturities (283) (5,311)
--------------- ---------------
$ 10,485 $ 41,518
=============== ===============
We believe that our working capital, cash flow from operations, access to
operating leases and borrowings available from our amended credit agreement will
provide us with adequate resources for our ongoing operations through 2006 and
our currently identified and planned capital expenditures.
49
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
- -----------------------
Long-Term Debt. As of December 31, 2005, our long-term debt consisted entirely
of the finance obligation in connection with our sale-leaseback transaction in
2001 and amounts due under capital lease obligations.
Lease Commitments. We lease offices, educational facilities and various
equipment for varying periods through the year 2020 at basic annual rentals
(excluding taxes, insurance, and other expenses under certain leases).
The following table contains supplemental information regarding our total
contractual obligations as of December 31, 2005:
Payments Due by Period
Total Less than 1 After 5
year 2-3 years 4-5 years years
------------- --------------- ----------- ----------- -----------
(dollars in thousands)
Capital leases (including interest) $ 1,231 $ 324 $ 470 $ 315 $ 122
Operating leases 140,374 16,100 31,969 26,331 65,974
Finance obligation 13,949 1,259 2,518 2,518 7,654
Automobile loans (including interest) 84 36 48 -- --
------------- --------------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Total contractual cash obligations $ 155,638 $ 17,719 $ 35,005 $ 29,164 $ 73,750
============= =============== =========== =========== ===========
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
- ------------------------------
We had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2005.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
- --------------------------
We had a consulting agreement with Hart Capital LLC, which terminated by its
terms in June 2004, to advise us in identifying acquisition and merger targets
and assisting with the due diligence reviews of and negotiations with these
targets. Hart Capital is the managing member of Five Mile River Capital Partners
LLC, which is our second largest stockholder. Steven Hart, the President of Hart
Capital, is a member of our board of directors. We paid Hart Capital a monthly
retainer, reimbursement of expenses and an advisory fee for its work on
successful acquisitions or mergers. In accordance with the agreement, we paid
Hart Capital approximately $0.4 million, and $0.4 million for the years ended
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. In connection with the consummation of
the NETI acquisition, which closed on January 11, 2005, we paid Hart Capital
$0.3 million for its services.
In 2003, we entered into a management service agreement with our majority
stockholder, Stonington Partners. In accordance with this agreement we paid
Stonington Partners a management fee of $0.75 million per year for management
consulting and financial and business advisory services. Such services include
valuing acquisitions and structuring their financing and assisting with new loan
agreements. We paid Stonington Partners $0.75 million in January 2005 and 2004.
Fees paid to Stonington Partners were being amortized over a twelve month
period. This agreement terminated by its terms upon the completion of our
initial public offering in June 2005. Selling, general and administrative
expenses for the year ended December 31, 2005 include a $0.4 million charge
resulting from the write-off of the remaining unamortized fees.
During 2002, certain members of senior management issued personal recourse
secured promissory notes to us for approximately $0.4 million in connection with
their purchase of shares of our common stock. These notes have been reflected as
a reduction in stockholders' equity. All amounts outstanding under these
promissory notes were repaid by the end of the first quarter of 2005.
50
SEASONALITY AND TRENDS
- ----------------------
Our net revenues and operating results normally fluctuate as a result of
seasonal variations in our business, principally due to changes in total student
population. Student population varies as a result of new student enrollments,
graduations and student attrition. Historically, our schools have had lower
student populations in our first and second quarters and we have experienced
large class starts in the third and fourth quarters and student attrition in the
first half of the year. Our expenses, however, do not vary significantly with
changes in our student population and revenues. During the first half of 2005,
we made significant investments in marketing, staff, programs and facilities to
ensure that we meet our second half of the year targets and, as a result, such
expenses do not fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis. We expect
quarterly fluctuations in operating results to continue as a result of seasonal
enrollment patterns. Such patterns may change as a result of new school
openings, new program introductions, increased enrollments of adult students
and/or acquisitions.
Similar to many other for-profit post secondary education companies, the
increase in our average undergraduate enrollments did not meet our historical or
our 2005 anticipated growth rates. The slow-down that has occurred in the
for-profit post secondary education sector appears to have had a greater impact
on companies, like ours, that are more dependent on their on-ground business as
opposed to on-line students. We believe that the slow-down can be attributed to
many factors, including: (a) the economy; (b) dependency on television to
attract students to our school; (c) turnover of our sales representatives; and
(d) increasing competition in the marketplace.
Despite soft organic enrollment trends and increased volatility in the near
term, we believe that our growth initiatives as well as the steps we have taken
to address the challenging trends that our industry and we are currently facing
will produce positive growth over the long-term. While our operating strategy,
business model and infrastructure are well suited for the short-term and we have
ample operating flexibility, we continue to be prudent and realistic and have
taken the necessary steps to ensure that operations that have not grown as
rapidly as expected are right sized. We also continue to make investments in
areas that are demonstrating solid growth. As a result, during September of
2005, we eliminated approximately $6.4 million of expenses that were forecasted
for the fourth quarter of 2005. These expenses had been forecasted to support
much higher levels of student enrollments.
Operating income is negatively impacted during the initial start-up phase of new
campus expansions. We incur sales and marketing costs as well as campus
personnel costs in advance of the campus facility opening. Typically we begin to
incur such costs approximately 15 months in advance of the campus opening with
the majority of such costs being incurred in the nine-month period prior to a
campus opening. During the current year, we initiated expansion efforts for one
new campus, located in Queens, New York, which will open on March 27, 2006.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
- --------------------------------
In June 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error
Corrections, a Replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3. SFAS
No. 154 applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle, and changes
the requirements for accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting
principle. SFAS No. 154 requires retrospective application to prior periods'
financial statements of a voluntary change in accounting principle unless it is
impracticable. APB Opinion No. 20 previously required that most voluntary
changes in accounting principle be recognized by including in net income of the
period of the change the cumulative effect of changing to the new accounting
principle. SFAS No. 154 requires that a change in method of depreciation,
amortization, or depletion for long-lived, nonfinancial assets be accounted for
as a change in accounting estimate that is effected by a change in accounting
principle. APB Opinion No. 20 previously required that such a change be reported
as a change in accounting principle. We will adopt SFAS No. 154 on January 1,
2006. The adoption of the provisions of SFAS No. 154 will not have a material
effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets,
an Amendment of APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions.
SFAS No. 153 addresses the measurement of exchanges of nonmonetary assets and
requires that such exchanges be measured at fair value, with limited exceptions.
SFAS No. 153 amends APB Opinion No. 29 Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions,
by eliminating the exception that required nonmonetary exchanges of similar
productive assets be recorded on a carryover basis. We will adopt SFAS No. 153
on January 1, 2006. The adoption of the provisions of SFAS No. 153 will not have
a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
51
In March 2005, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for
Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations ("FIN 47"). FIN 47 clarifies that a
conditional asset retirement obligation, as used in SFAS 143, Accounting for
Asset Retirement Obligations, refers to a legal obligation to perform an asset
retirement activity in which the timing and/or method of the settlement are
conditional on a future event that may or may not be within the control of the
entity. Accordingly, an entity is required to recognize a liability for the fair
value of a conditional asset retirement obligation if the fair value can be
reasonably estimated. We will adopt FIN 47 on January 1, 2006. The adoption of
the provisions of FIN 47 will not have a material effect on our consolidated
financial statements.
52
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
----------------------------------------------------------
Our principal exposure to market risk relates to interest rate changes. However,
as a result of completing our initial public offering, we have been able to
repay in full our line of credit leaving only miscellaneous capital equipment
leases, which are not material.
Effect of Inflation
Inflation has not had and is not expected to have a significant effect on our
operations.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
-------------------------------------------
See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements" on page F-1 on this Form 10-K.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
---------------------------------------------------------------
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
--------------------
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
-----------------------
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Our Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rule
13a-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K, have concluded
that our disclosure controls and procedures are adequate and effective to
reasonably ensure that material information required to be disclosed by us in
the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded,
processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specific by
Securities and Exchange Commissions' Rules and Forms and that such information
is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions
regarding required disclosure.
(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There were no changes
made during our most recently completed fiscal quarter in our internal control
over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely
to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
-----------------
None.
53
PART III.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT EXECUTIVE
------------------------------------------------------------
COMPENSATION
------------
Directors and Executive Officers
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our
definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with our 2006 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to our directors, officers and
employees and certain other persons, including our Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer. A copy of our Code of Ethics is available on our
website at www.lincolneducationalservices.com.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
----------------------
Information required by Item 11 of Part III is incorporated by reference to our
definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with our 2006 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
-----------------------------------------------------------------
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
---------------------------
Information required by Item 12 of Part III is incorporated by reference to our
definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with our 2006 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
----------------------------------------------
Information required by Item 13 of Part III is incorporated by reference to our
definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with our 2006 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
--------------------------------------
Information required by Item 14 of Part III is incorporated by reference to our
definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with our 2006 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
54
PART IV.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
------------------------------------------
1. Financial Statements
See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements" on page F-1 of this
Form 10-K.
2. Financial Statement Schedules
See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements" on page F-1 of this
Form 10-K.
3. Exhibits Required by Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-K
Exhibit
Number Description
- ------ -----------
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
Company (1).
3.2 Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company (2).
4.1 Stockholders' Agreement, dated as of September 15, 1999,
among Lincoln Technical Institute, Inc., Back to School
Acquisition, L.L.C., and Five Mile River Capital Partners
LLC. (1).
4.2 Letter agreement, dated August 9, 2000, by Back to School
Acquisition, L.L.C., amending the Stockholders' Agreement
(1).
4.3 Letter agreement, dated August 9, 2000, by Lincoln
Technical Institute, Inc., amending the Stockholders'
Agreement (1).
4.4 Management Stockholders Agreement, dated as of January 1,
2002, by and among Lincoln Technical Institute, Inc., Back
to School Acquisition, L.L.C. and the Stockholders and
other holders of options under the Management Stock Option
Plan listed therein (1).
4.5 Registration Rights Agreement between the Company and Back
to School Acquisition, L.L.C. (2).
4.6 Specimen Stock Certificate evidencing shares of common
stock (1).
10.1 Credit Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2005, among the
Company, the Guarantors from time to time parties thereto,
the Lenders from time to time parties thereto and Harris
Trust and Savings Bank, as Administrative Agent (1).
10.2 Employment Agreement, dated as of January 3, 2005, between
the Company and David F. Carney (1).
10.3 Amended Employment Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2005,
between the Company and David F. Carney (1).
10.4 Employment Agreement dated as of January 3, 2005, between
the Company and Lawrence E. Brown (1).
10.5 Amended Employment Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2005,
between the Company and Lawrence E. Brown (1).
55
10.6 Employment Agreement, dated as of January 3, 2005, between
the Company and Scott M. Shaw (1).
10.7 Amended Employment Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2005,
between the Company and Scott M. Shaw (1).
10.8 Employment Agreement, dated as of January 3, 2005, between
the Company and Cesar Ribeiro (1).
10.9 Amended Employment Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2005,
between the Company and Cesar Ribeiro (1).
10.10 Lincoln Educational Services Corporation 2005 Long Term
Incentive Plan (1).
10.11 Lincoln Educational Services Corporation 2005 Non Employee
Directors Restricted Stock Plan (1).
10.12 Lincoln Educational Services Corporation 2005 Deferred
Compensation Plan (1).
10.13 Lincoln Technical Institute Management Stock Option Plan,
effective January 1, 2002 (1).
10.14 Form of Stock Option Agreement, dated January 1, 2002,
between Lincoln Technical Institute, Inc. and certain
participants (1).
10.15 Management Stock Subscription Agreement, dated January 1,
2002, among Lincoln Technical Institute, Inc. and certain
management investors (1).
10.16 Stockholder's Agreement among Lincoln Educational Services
Corporation, Back to School Acquisition L.L.C., Steven W.
Hart and Steven W. Hart 2003 Grantor Retained Annuity
Trust (2).
21.1 * Subsidiaries of the Company.
23 * Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1 * Certification of Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 * Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32 * Certification of Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002.
________________________________________________
(1) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-123664).
(2) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K dated June 28,
2005.
* Filed herewith.
56
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date: March 27, 2006
LINCOLN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION
By: /s/ Cesar Ribeiro
--------------------------
Cesar Ribeiro
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)
57
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page Number
-----------
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2005 and 2004 F-3
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 F-5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31,
2005, 2004 and 2003 F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-10
Schedule II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts F-30
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors of
Lincoln Educational Services Corporation
West Orange, New Jersey
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lincoln
Educational Services Corporation and Subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December
31, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in
stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2005. Our audits also included the financial statement
schedule listed in the accompanying index at Item 15. These financial statements
and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with standards of the Public
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over the
financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal controls over
financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining,
on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Lincoln Education Services
Corporation and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 and the results of
their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2005 in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial
statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated
financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects
the information set forth therein.
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Parsippany, New Jersey
March 23, 2006
F-2
LINCOLN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share amounts)
December 31, December 31,
2005 2004
----------------- -----------------
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 50,257 $ 41,445
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $7,647 and $7,023 for doubtful accounts at
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively 13,950 12,820
Inventories 1,764 1,664
Assets held for sale -- 893
Deferred income taxes 3,545 4,509
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,190 2,893
Other receivable 452 --
----------------- -----------------
Total current assets 73,158 64,224
----------------- -----------------
PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES--At cost, net of accumulated depreciation and
amortization 68,932 55,149
----------------- -----------------
OTHER ASSETS:
Deferred finance charges 1,211 943
Prepaid pension cost 5,071 4,820
Deferred income taxes 2,790 2,166
Goodwill 59,467 32,802
Other assets 4,163 2,625
----------------- -----------------
Total other assets 72,702 43,356
----------------- -----------------
TOTAL $ 214,792 $ 162,729
================= =================
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Current portion of long-term debt and lease obligations $ 283 $ 5,311
Unearned tuition 34,930 31,185
Accounts payable 12,675 10,664
Accrued expenses 11,060 12,147
Advance payments of federal funds 840 330
Income taxes payable 4,085 17
----------------- -----------------
Total current liabilities 63,873 59,654
NONCURRENT LIABILITIES:
Long-term debt and lease obligations, net of current portion 10,485 41,518
Other long-term liabilities 4,444 3,471
----------------- -----------------
Total liabilities 78,802 104,643
----------------- -----------------
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Preferred stock, no par value--10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued
and outstanding at December 31, 2005; no shares authorized, issued and
outstanding at December 31, 2004 -- --
Common stock, no par value--authorized 100,000,000 shares and 50,000,000 shares at
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, issued and outstanding 25,168,390
shares and 21,698,785 shares at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively 119,453 62,482
Additional paid-in capital 5,665 3,262
Deferred compensation (360) --
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 11,232 (7,477)
F-3
Loan receivable from stockholders -- (181)
----------------- -----------------
Total stockholders' equity 135,990 58,086
----------------- -----------------
TOTAL $ 214,792 $ 162,729
================= =================
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
LINCOLN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31,
2005 2004 2003
-------------- ---------------- --------------
REVENUES $ 299,221 $ 261,233 $ 198,574
-------------- ---------------- --------------
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Educational services and facilities 121,524 104,843 85,201
Selling, general and administrative 145,194 130,941 97,714
Loss (gain) on sale of assets (7) 368 (22)
-------------- ---------------- --------------
Total costs and expenses 266,711 236,152 182,893
-------------- ---------------- --------------
OPERATING INCOME 32,510 25,081 15,681
OTHER:
Gain on sale of securities -- -- 211
Interest income 775 104 133
Interest expense (2,892) (3,007) (2,758)
Other income 243 42 307
-------------- ---------------- --------------
Income before income taxes 30,636 22,220 13,574
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES 11,927 9,242 5,355
-------------- ---------------- --------------
NET INCOME $ 18,709 $ 12,978 $ 8,219
============== ================ ==============
Earnings per share--basic:
Net income available to common shareholders $ 0.80 $ 0.60 $ 0.38
============== ================ ==============
Earnings per share--diluted:
Net income available to common shareholders $ 0.76 $ 0.56 $ 0.37
============== ================ ==============
Weighted average number of common share outstanding:
Basic 23,475 21,676 21,667
Diluted 24,503 23,095 22,364
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-5
LINCOLN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands)
Loan Retained
Additional Receivable Earnings
Common Stock Paid-in Deferred From (Accumulated
Shares Amount Capital Compensation Stockholders Deficit) Total
BALANCE--December 31, 2002 $ 21,668 $ 62,385 $ 626 $ -- $ (432) $ (28,674) $ 33,905
Net income -- -- -- -- -- 8,219 8,219
Stock-based compensation expense -- -- 800 -- -- -- 800
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
BALANCE--December 31, 2003 21,668 62,385 1,426 -- (432) (20,455) 42,924
Net income -- -- -- -- -- 12,978 12,978
Stock-based compensation expense -- -- 1,793 -- -- -- 1,793
Stockholders loan repayment -- -- -- -- 251 -- 251
Tax benefit of options exercised -- -- 43 -- -- -- 43
Exercise of stock options 31 97 -- -- -- -- 97
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
BALANCE--December 31, 2004 21,699 62,482 3,262 -- (181) (7,477) 58,086
Net income -- -- -- -- -- 18,709 18,709
Issuance of common stock, net of
issuance expenses 3,177 56,255 -- -- -- -- 56,255
Issuance of restricted stock 21 -- 420 (360) -- -- 60
Stock-based compensation expense -- -- 1,286 -- -- -- 1,286
Stockholders loan repayment -- -- -- -- 181 -- 181
Tax benefit of options exercised -- -- 697 -- -- -- 697
Exercise of stock options 271 716 -- -- -- -- 716
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
BALANCE--December 31, 2005 25,168 $ 119,453 $ 5,665 $ (360) $ -- $ 11,232 $ 135,990
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
LINCOLN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
2005 2004 2003
------------- ----------------- -----------------
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income $ 18,709 $ 12,978 $ 8,219
-------- -------- --------
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided
by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 13,064 10,749 9,879
Amortization of deferred finance charges 215 375 689
Write-off of deferred finance costs 365 -- --
Deferred income taxes 340 (329) 1,285
Loss (gain) on sale of assets (7) 368 (22)
Fixed asset donations (243) -- --
Gain on sale of marketable securities -- -- (211)
Provision for doubtful accounts 11,188 9,247 7,415
Stock-based compensation expense and issuance of
restricted stock 1,346 1,793 800
Tax benefit associated with exercise of stock options 697 43 --
Deferred rent 1,670 1,602 381
(Increase) decrease in assets, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable (11,528) (10,998) (10,131)
Inventories (65) (577) 124
Prepaid expenses and current assets (448) (493) (547
Other assets 54 (830) (259)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts payable 1,801 1,547 (447)
Other liabilities (468) (229) 326
Income taxes payable/prepaid 4,068 (3,839) 3,465
Accrued expenses (1,715) 331 4,092
Unearned tuition (77) 4,936 2,108
-------- -------- --------
Total adjustments 20,257 13,696 18,947
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by operating activities 38,966 26,674 27,166
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures (22,621) (23,813) (13,154)
Proceeds from sale of assets -- -- 29
Business restricted cash -- -- 9,000
Sale of marketable securities -- -- 3,028
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (27,776) (14,498) (7,583)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash used in investing activities (50,397) (38,311) (8,680)
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from borrowings 31,000 25,290 51,256
Payments on borrowings (66,750) (21,000) (29,716)
Proceeds from finance obligation -- 169 --
Payments of deferred finance fees (848) -- --
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 716 97 --
Principal payments under capital lease obligations (311) (690) (2,140)
Repayment from shareholder loans 181 251 --
Payments of offering costs (2,845) -- --
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of
underwriters discount 59,100 -- --
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by financing activities 20,243 4,117 19,400
-------- -------- --------
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 8,812 (7,520) 37,886
F-7
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS--Beginning of period 41,445 48,965 11,079
-------- -------- --------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS--End of period $ 50,257 $ 41,445 $ 48,965
======== ======== ========
F-8
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest $ 2,358 $ 2,780 $ 2,732
======== ======== ========
Income taxes $ 11,025 $ 13,382 $ 619
======== ======== ========
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING
ACTIVITIES:
Cash paid during the period for:
Fair value of assets acquired $ 32,335 $ 14,593 $ 16,044
Net cash paid for the acquisitions (27,776) (14,498) (7,583)
-------- -------- --------
Liabilities assumed $ 4,559 $ 95 $ 8,461
======== ======== ========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-9
LINCOLN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2005
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Business Activities--Lincoln Educational Services Corporation and Subsidiaries
(the "Company") operate career schools in various locations, which offer
technical programs of study in several different specialties.
In February 2003, Lincoln Educational Services Corporation ("LESC") was formed
as a holding company that owns 100% of Lincoln Technical Institute, Inc.
("LTI"). The Company effected the creation of LESC by first creating LESC as a
wholly-owned subsidiary of LTI and then creating Lincoln Acquisition Corporation
("LAC") as a wholly-owned subsidiary of LESC. The Company then merged LTI into
LAC with LTI becoming the surviving entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of
LESC. All of the stockholders of LTI then exchanged their shares for shares in
LESC. The effect of this transaction did not result in any change in ownership
or control, as a result the assets and liabilities of LESC are reflected at the
carryover basis of LTI. The formation of LESC, which was not material, has been
retroactively reflected.
Principles of Consolidation--The accompanying consolidated financial statements
include the accounts of Lincoln Educational Services Corporation and its
wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and
transactions have been eliminated.
Revenue Recognition--Revenue is derived primarily from programs taught at the
schools. Tuition revenue and one-time fees, such as nonrefundable application
fees, and course material fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the
length of the applicable program. If a student withdraws from a program prior to
a specified date, any paid but unearned tuition is refunded. Other revenues,
such as textbook sales, tool sales and contract training revenues are recognized
as services are performed or goods are delivered. On an individual student
basis, tuition earned in excess of cash received is recorded as accounts
receivable, and cash received in excess of tuition earned is recorded as
unearned tuition. Refunds are calculated and paid in accordance with federal,
state and accrediting agency standards.
Cash and Cash Equivalents--Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances
and highly liquid short-term investments, which mature within three months of
purchase.
Accounts Receivable--The Company reports accounts receivable at net realizable
value, which is equal to the gross receivable less an estimated allowance for
uncollectible accounts.
Inventories--Inventories consist mainly of textbooks, tools and supplies.
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market on a first-in, first-out
basis.
Property, Equipment and Facilities--Depreciation and Amortization--Property,
equipment and facilities are stated at cost. Major renewals and improvements are
capitalized, while repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. Upon the
retirement, sale or other disposition of assets, costs and related accumulated
depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected
in operating income. For financial statement purposes, depreciation of property
and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated
useful lives of the assets, and amortization of leasehold improvements is
computed over the lesser of the term of the lease or its estimated useful life.
Deferred Rent Expense--Rent expense related to operating leases where scheduled
rent increases exist, is determined by expensing the total amount of rent due
over the life of the operating lease on a straight-line basis. The difference
between the rent paid under the terms of the lease and the rent expensed on a
straight-line basis is included in accrued expenses and other long-term
liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
F-10
Deferred Finance Charges--These charges consist of $0.7 million and $0.4 million
as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, related to the long-term debt
and $0.5 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, related to the finance
obligation. These amounts are being amortized as an increase in interest expense
over the respective life of the debt or finance obligation.
Advertising Costs--Costs related to advertising are expensed as incurred and
approximated $27.6 million, $22.3 million and $17.5 million for the years ended
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets-- The Company tests its goodwill for
impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an
impairment may have occurred, by comparing its fair value to its carrying value.
Impairment may result from, among other things, deterioration in the performance
of the acquired business, adverse market conditions, adverse changes in
applicable laws or regulations, including changes that restrict the activities
of the acquired business, and a variety of other circumstances. If the Company
determines that an impairment has occurred, it is required to record a
write-down of the carrying value and charge the impairment as an operating
expense in the period the determination is made. In evaluating the
recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill and other indefinite-lived
intangible assets, the Company must make assumptions regarding estimated future
cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the acquired assets.
Changes in strategy or market conditions could significantly impact these
judgments in the future and require an adjustment to the recorded balances.
At December 31, 2005, the Company tested its goodwill for impairment determined
that it did not have an impairment.
Concentration of Credit Risk--Financial instruments that potentially subject the
Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of temporary cash
investments and trade receivables.
The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality
financial institutions. The Company's cash balances with financial institutions
typically exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance limit of $100,000. The Company's
cash balances on deposit at December 31, 2005, exceeded the balance insured by
the FDIC by approximately $48.6 million. The Company has not experienced any
losses to date on its invested cash.
The Company extends credit for tuition and fees to many of its students. The
credit risk with respect to these accounts receivable is mitigated through the
students' participation in federally funded financial aid programs unless
students withdraw prior to the receipt of federal funds for those students. In
addition, the remaining tuition receivables are primarily comprised of smaller
individual amounts due from students.
With respect to student receivables, the Company had no significant
concentrations of credit risk as of December 31, 2005, and 2004.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements--The preparation of
financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates the
estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, bad
debts, fixed assets, income taxes, benefit plans and certain accruals. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
Stock Based Compensation Plans--The Company has stock-based compensation plans
as discussed further in Note 11. In December 2004, the Financial Accounting
Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123
(revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, ("FAS 123R"). This Statement requires
companies to expense the estimated fair value of stock options and similar
equity instruments issued to employees over the requisite service period. On
December 1, 2005, the Company adopted FAS 123R in advance of the mandatory
adoption date of the first quarter of 2006 to better reflect the full cost of
employee compensation. We adopted FAS 123R using the modified prospective
method, which requires us to record compensation expense for all awards granted
after the date of adoption, and for the unvested portion of previously granted
awards that remain outstanding at the date of adoption. Prior to the adoption of
FAS 123R, the Company recognized stock-based compensation
F-11
under FAS 123 "Stock Based Compensation" and as a result, the implementation of
FAS 123R did not have a material impact on the Company's fourth quarter
financial presentation.
The fair value concepts were not changed significantly under FAS 123R from those
utilized under FAS No. 123; however, in adopting this Standard, companies must
choose among alternative valuation models and amortization assumptions. After
assessing these alternatives, the Company decided to continue using the
Black-Scholes valuation model, however, we decided to utilize straight-line
amortization of compensation expense over the requisite service period of the
grant, rather than over the individual grant requisite period as chosen under
FAS 123. Under FAS 123, the Company had recognized stock option forfeitures as
they incurred. With the adoption of FAS 123R, the Company made an estimate of
expected forfeitures calculation upon grant issuance.
As of December 31, 2005, the weighted average fair value per share, as
calculated under the Black-Scholes option pricing model, of options granted
during 2005, 2004, and 2003 were $10.55, $15.05, and $7.67, respectively.
Income Taxes--Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the
estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial
statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax
bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates
expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax
assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates is recognized in income in the
period that includes the enactment date.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets--The Company reviews the carrying value of our
long-lived assets and identifiable intangibles for possible impairment whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be
recoverable. The company assesses the potential impairment of property and
equipment and identifiable intangibles whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The
Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment by examining estimated future
cash flows. These cash flows are evaluated by using weighted probability
techniques as well as comparisons of past performance against projections.
Assets may also be evaluated by identifying independent market values. If the
Company determines that an asset's carrying value is impaired, it will record a
write-down of the carrying value of the asset and charge the impairment as an
operating expense in the period in which the determination is made.
Start-up Costs--Costs related to the start of new campuses are expensed as
incurred.
Reclassifications--Certain 2004 prior year's amounts have been reclassified to
conform to the current year presentation. In addition, the Company adjusted the
amounts reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders'
Equity for the exercise of stock options in 2004. The amount of the change was
not significant.
2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error
Corrections, a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3. SFAS
No. 154 applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle, and changes
the requirements for accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting
principle. SFAS No. 154 requires retrospective application to prior periods'
financial statements of a voluntary change in accounting principle unless it is
impracticable. APB Opinion No. 20 previously required that most voluntary
changes in accounting principle be recognized by including in net income of the
period of the change the cumulative effect of changing to the new accounting
principle. SFAS No. 154 requires that a change in method of depreciation,
amortization, or depletion for long-lived, nonfinancial assets be accounted for
as a change in accounting estimate that is effected by a change in accounting
principle. APB Opinion No. 20 previously required that such a change be reported
as a change in accounting principle. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 154 on
January 1, 2006. The adoption of the provisions of SFAS No. 154 will not have a
material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets,
an Amendment of APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions.
SFAS No. 153 addresses the measurement of exchanges of nonmonetary assets and
requires that such exchanges be measured at fair value, with limited exceptions.
SFAS No. 153 amends APB Opinion No. 29 Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions,
by eliminating
F-12
the exception that required nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets
be recorded on a carryover basis. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 153 on January
1, 2006. The adoption of the provisions of SFAS No. 153 will not have a material
effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In March 2005, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for
Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations ("FIN 47"). FIN 47 clarifies that a
conditional asset retirement obligation, as used in SFAS 143, Accounting for
Asset Retirement Obligations, refers to a legal obligation to perform an asset
retirement activity in which the timing and/or method of the settlement are
conditional on a future event that may or may not be within the control of the
entity. Accordingly, an entity is required to recognize a liability for the fair
value of a conditional asset retirement obligation if the fair value can be
reasonably estimated. The Company will adopt FIN 47 on January 1, 2006. The
adoption of the provisions of FIN 47 will not have a material effect on the
Company's consolidated financial statements.
3. FINANCIAL AID AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
Financial Aid
The schools and students participate in a variety of government-sponsored
financial aid programs that assist students in paying the cost of their
education. The largest source of such support is the federal programs of student
financial assistance under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as
amended, commonly referred to as the Title IV Programs, which are administered
by the U.S. Department of Education (or "DOE"). During the years ended December
31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, approximately 80%, 81% and 79%, respectively, of net
revenues were indirectly derived from funds distributed under Title IV Programs.
To participate in Title IV Programs, a school must be authorized to offer its
programs of instruction by relevant state education agencies, be accredited by
an accrediting commission recognized by the DOE and be certified as an eligible
institution by the DOE. For this reason, the schools are subject to extensive
regulatory requirements imposed by all of these entities. After the schools
receive the required certifications by the appropriate entities, the schools
must demonstrate their compliance with the DOE regulations of the Title IV
Programs on an ongoing basis. Included in these regulations is the requirement
that the Company must satisfy specific standards of financial responsibility.
The DOE evaluates institutions for compliance with these standards each year,
based upon the institutions' annual audited financial statements, as well as
following a change in ownership of the institution. Under regulations which took
effect July 1, 1998, the DOE calculates the institution's composite score for
financial responsibility based on its (i) equity ratio, which measures the
institution's capital resources, ability to borrow and financial viability; (ii)
primary reserve ratio, which measures the institution's ability to support
current operations from expendable resources; and (iii) net income ratio, which
measures the institution's ability to operate at a profit.
Regulatory Compliance
An institution that does not meet the DOE's minimum composite score requirements
of 1.5 may establish its financial responsibility by posting a letter of credit
or complying with additional monitoring procedures as defined by the DOE.
Based on the Company's calculations, the 2005 and 2004 financial statements
reflect a composite score of 2.5 and 1.8, respectively. However, as a result of
corrections of certain errors, including accounting for advertising costs, a
sale leaseback transaction, rent and certain other individually insignificant
adjustments, in our prior financial statements, the DOE recomputed the Company's
consolidated composite scores for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and
concluded that the recomputed consolidated composite scores for those two years
were below 1.0. In addition, we identified certain additional errors in our
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2003 relating to our
accounting for stock-based compensation and accrued bonuses that did not result
in a recomputation of our 2003 composite score. The DOE informed the Company
that as a result, for a period of three years effective December 30, 2004, all
of the Company's current and future institutions have been placed on "Heightened
Cash Monitoring, Type 1 status," and are required to timely notify the DOE with
respect to certain enumerated oversight and financial events. The DOE also
informed the Company that its circumstances will be taken into consideration
when each of our institutions applies for recertification of the Company's
eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs. When each of our institutions
is next required to apply for recertification to
F-13
participate in Title IV Programs, we expect that the DOE will also consider our
audited financial statements and composite scores for our most recent fiscal
year as well as for other fiscal years after 2001 and 2002. Additionally, since
the DOE concluded that the previously computed composite scores for 2001 and
2002 were overstated, the Company agreed to pay $165,000 to the DOE, pursuant to
a settlement agreement, to resolve compliance issues related to this matter. The
Company paid this amount on March 3, 2005. Although no assurance can be given,
the Company's management does not believe that the actions of the DOE specified
above will have a material effect on its financial position, results of
operations or cash flows.
For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 the Company was in
compliance with the standards established by the DOE requiring that no
individual DOE reporting entity can receive more than 90% of its revenue,
determined on a cash basis, from Title IV, HEA Program Funds.
4. WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES
The weighted average numbers of common shares used to compute basic and diluted
income per share for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003,
respectively, were as follows:
December 31,
---------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
---- ---- ----
Basic shares outstanding 23,475 21,676 21,667
Dilutive effect of stock options 1,028 1,419 697
----------- ----------- -----------
Diluted shares outstanding 24,503 23,095 22,364
=========== =========== ===========
For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, options to acquire 553, 71
and 410 shares, respectively, were excluded from the above table as the result
on reported earnings per share would have been antidilutive.
5. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS
On February 14, 2003, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company acquired
Nashville Auto-Diesel College ("NADC") for approximately $7.6 million including
costs related to the acquisition, net of $4.1 million of cash acquired.
On January 23, 2004, the Company acquired the Southwestern College of Business,
Inc. ("Southwestern or SWC") for approximately $14.5 million, net of cash
acquired. Included in this purchase price is certain real estate which was
subsequently acquired from Southwestern for $0.7 million.
On January 11, 2005, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired New
England Technical Institute ("NETI") for approximately $18.8 million, net of
cash acquired.
On December 1, 2005, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired Euphoria
Institute LLC ("EUP") for approximately $9.0 million, net of cash acquired.
The consolidated financial statements include the results of operations from the
respective acquisition dates. The purchase price has been allocated to
identifiable net assets with the excess of the purchase price over the estimated
fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. None of the
acquisitions were deemed material to the Company's financial statements.
F-14
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of assets acquired and
liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:
EUP (1) NETI SWC NADC
December 1, January 11, January 23, February 14,
2005 2005 2004 2003
------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Property, equipment and facilities $ 793 $ 1,000 $ 890 $ 7,512
Goodwill 8,201 18,464 12,826 3,769
Identified intangibles:
Student contracts 200 770 280 670
Trade name -- 600 330 480
Curriculum 700 700 -- --
Other assets -- -- -- 278
Current assets, excluding cash acquired 125 782 267 3,335
Current liabilities (998) (3,561) (95) (7,483)
Other liabilities -- -- -- (978)
------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Cost of acquisition, net of cash acquired $ 9,021 $ 18,755 $ 14,498 $ 7,583
============= ============ ============ ============
(1) The EUP purchase price has been preliminarily allocated to identifiable net
assets with the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of
the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill.
F-15
The following unaudited pro forma results of operations for the years ended
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 assumes that the acquisitions occurred at the
beginning of the year of acquisition. The unaudited pro forma results of
operations are based on historical results of operations, include adjustments
for depreciation, amortization, interest, and taxes, but do not necessarily
reflect the actual results that would have occurred.
Pro forma Pro forma
Impact Impact
Historical EUP NETI Pro forma
2005 2005 2005 2005 2005
- ------------------------------------------ ------------ ------------- -------------- ------------
Revenues $ 299,221 $ 4,964 $ 278 $ 304,463
Net income $ 18,709 $ 133 $ 6 $ 18,848
Earnings per share - basic $ 0.80 $ 0.80
Earnings per share - diluted $ 0.76 $ 0.77
Pro forma
Impact
Historical SWC Pro forma
2004 2004 2004 2004
- ------------------------------------------ ------------ -------------- ------------
Revenues $ 261,233 $ 46 $ 261,279
Net income $ 12,978 $ (145) $ 12,833
Earnings per share - basic $ 0.60 $ 0.59
Earnings per share - diluted $ 0.56 $ 0.56
Pro forma
Impact
Historical NADC Pro forma
2003 2003 2003 2003
- ------------------------------------------ ------------ -------------- ------------
Revenues $ 198,574 $ 3,308 $ 201,882
Net income $ 8,219 $ 262 $ 8,481
Earnings per share - basic $ 0.38 $ 0.39
Earnings per share - diluted $ 0.37 $ 0.38
On a pro forma basis, had the 2005 acquisitions of NETI and EUP occurred as of
January 1, 2004, the pro forma revenues and net income would have been $280.3
million and $13.1 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2004.
F-16
6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
Amortization of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004
and 2003 was approximately $0.7 million, $0.4 million and $0.6 million,
respectively.
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended December 31,
2005 and 2004 are as follows (in thousands):
Goodwill balance as of December 31, 2003 $ 19,951
Goodwill acquired pursuant to business acquisitions 12,826
Purchase accounting adjustments 25
---------------
Goodwill balance as of December 31, 2004 32,802
Goodwill acquired pursuant to business acquisitions 26,665
---------------
Goodwill balance as of December 31, 2005 $ 59,467
================
Identified intangible assets, which are included in other assets in the
accompanying consolidated balance sheets, consisted of the following:
At December 31, 2005 At December 31, 2004
-------------------- --------------------
Weighted
Average Gross Gross
Amortization Accumulated Carrying Carrying Accumulated
Period (years) Amortization Amount Amount Amortization
----------------- -------------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
Student contracts 1 $1,569 $1,920 $950 $928
Trade name Indefinite -- 1,410 810 --
Curriculum 10 74 1,400 -- --
Non-compete 0 1 1 1 1
-------------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
Total N/A $1,644 $4,731 $1,761 $929
============== =========== ============ ===============
The following table summarizes the estimated future amortization expense:
Year Ending December 31,
2006 $ 491
2007 140
2008 140
2009 140
2010 140
Thereafter 626
----------
$ 1,677
===========
F-17
7. PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
A summary of property, equipment and facilities is as follows:
Useful life
(Years) As of December 31,
----------- ---------------------------------
2005 2004
Land -- $ 5,519 $ 4,213
Buildings and improvements 1-25 68,922 58,464
Equipment, furniture and fixtures 1-12 44,097 36,203
Vehicles 1-7 1,853 1,738
Construction in progress -- 8,111 1,976
--------------- ---------------
128,502 102,594
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (59,570) (47,445)
--------------- ---------------
$ 68,932 $ 55,149
================ ================
Included above in equipment, furniture and fixtures are assets acquired under
capital leases as of December 31, 2005 and 2004 of $6.0 million and $6.0
million, respectively, net of accumulated depreciation of $5.5 million and $5.2
million, respectively.
Depreciation and amortization expense of property, equipment and facilities was
$12.2 million, $10.3 million and $9.3 million for the years ended December 31,
2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
8. ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consist of the following:
As of December 31,
-------------------------------
2005 2004
--------------- ---------------
Accrued compensation and benefits $ 7,393 $ 9,750
Other accrued expenses 3,667 2,397
--------------- ---------------
$ 11,060 $ 12,147
=============== ===============
9. LONG-TERM DEBT AND LEASE OBLIGATIONS
Long-term debt and lease obligations consist of the following:
As of December 31,
-------------------------------
2005 2004
------------- -------------
Credit agreement (a) $ -- $ --
Credit facility (b) -- 35,750
Finance obligation (c) 9,672 9,672
Automobile loans 81 113
Capital leases--computers (with rates ranging from 6.7% to 10.7%) 1,015 1,294
--------------- ---------------
10,768 46,829
Less current maturities (283) (5,311)
--------------- ---------------
$ 10,485 $ 41,518
=============== ===============
F-18
(a) On February 15, 2005, the Company entered into a new credit
agreement with a syndicate of banks led by its existing lender. Under
the terms of the agreement, the syndicate provided the Company with a
$100 million credit facility with a term of five years. The credit
agreement permits the issuance of letters of credit, up to $20 million,
the amount of which reduces the availability of permitted borrowings
under the agreement. As a result of this new credit agreement, the
Company wrote off approximately $0.4 million of unamortized deferred
finance charges under the old credit agreement. The Company incurred
approximately $0.8 million of deferred finance charges under the new
agreement. At December 31, 2005, the Company had outstanding letters of
credit aggregating $4.1 million.
The obligations of the Company under the credit agreement are secured
by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and its
subsidiaries and any assets that it or its subsidiaries may acquire in
the future, including a pledge of substantially all of the
subsidiaries' common stock. Outstanding borrowings bear interest at the
rate of adjusted LIBOR plus 1.0% to 1.75%, as defined, or a base rate
(as defined in the credit agreement). In addition to paying interest on
outstanding principal under the credit agreement, the Company and its
subsidiaries are required to pay a commitment fee to the lender with
respect to the unused amounts available under the credit agreement at a
rate equal to 0.25% to 0.40% per year, as defined. In connection with
the public offering in 2005, the Company repaid the then outstanding
loan balance of $31.0 million.
The credit agreement contains various covenants, including a number of
financial covenants. Furthermore, the credit agreement contains
customary events of default as well as an event of default in the event
of the suspension or termination of Title IV Program funding for our
and our subsidiaries' schools aggregating 10% or more of our EBITDA (as
defined) or our consolidated total assets and such suspension or
termination is not cured within a specified period.
There were no borrowings outstanding under the credit agreement at
December 31, 2005.
(b) Effective February 11, 2003, the Company entered into a credit
facility, which refinanced the previous debt agreement. The credit
facility was a $25.0 million revolving facility. The term of the credit
facility was three years and outstanding borrowings accrued interest at
the rate of adjusted LIBOR plus 3.25% or a base rate, as defined, plus
1.5%. At December 31, 2004, the interest rate on the amounts
outstanding ranged from 5.7% to 6.75%. In addition to paying interest
on outstanding principal under the credit facility, the Company was
required to pay a commitment fee with respect to the unused amounts
available under the credit facility at a rate equal to 0.5% per year.
The Company was charged quarterly interest at an annual rate of 3.25%
on the outstanding balance of letters of credit issued under the
facility. In December 2003, the revolving credit facility was increased
to $40.0 million. In January 2004, it was decreased to $35.0 million.
On December 28, 2004, the credit facility was amended to increase the
aggregate permitted borrowings under the facility to $40 million
through January 15, 2005, at which time it reverted back to $35.0
million. As described above, the credit facility was replaced with the
Company's new credit agreement in 2005.
(c) The Company completed a sale and a leaseback of several facilities
on December 28, 2001, as discussed further in Note 11. The Company
retained a continuing involvement in the lease and as a result it is
prohibited from utilizing sale-leaseback accounting. Accordingly, the
Company has treated this transaction as a finance lease. Rent payments
under this obligation for the three years in the period ended December
31, 2005 were $1.3 million, $1.2 million and $1.2 million,
respectively. These payments have been reflected in the accompanying
consolidated income statement as interest expense for all periods
presented since the effective interest rate on the obligation is
greater than the scheduled payments.
As of December 31, 2005, the Company was in compliance with the financial
covenants contained in its borrowing agreements.
F-19
Scheduled maturities of long-term debt and lease obligations at December 31,
2005 are as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
- ------------------------
2006 $ 283
2007 210
2008 207
2009 133
2010 138
Thereafter 9,797
----------
$ 10,768
==========
F-20
10. RECOURSE LOAN AGREEMENT
During 2005, the Company entered into an agreement with a Student Loan Marketing
Association (Sallie Mae) to provide private recourse loans to qualifying
students. The following table reflects selected information with respect to the
recourse loan agreements, including cumulative loan disbursements and purchase
activity under the agreement from inception through December 31, 2005:
Loans Loans We May be
Disbursed Loans Disbursed Purchased to Required to
Agreement Effective Date (1) Loans Limit to Date Date Purchase (2)
------------- ---------------- --------------- -----------------
March 28, 2005 to June 30, 2006 $ 6,000 $ 1,400 $ -- $ 420
(1) Either party may terminate the agreement by giving the other party 30
days written notice of such termination.
(2) Represents the maximum amount of loans under the agreement that we may
be required to purchase in the future based on cumulative loans
disbursed and purchased through December 31, 2005.
Under the recourse loan agreement, the Company is required to fund 30% of all
loans disbursed into a Sallie Mae reserve account. The amount of our loan
purchase obligation may not exceed 30% of this deposit. We record such amounts
as a deposit in long-term assets on our balance sheet. Amounts on deposit may
ultimately be utilized to purchase loans in default, in which case
recoverability of such amounts would be in question. Accordingly, the Company
has an allowance for the full amount of deposit.
11. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted the Lincoln Technical Institute
Management Stock Option Plan ("2002 Plan") for key employees, consultants and
nonemployee directors. The name of the Plan was changed to the LESC Management
Stock Option Plan in 2003. There are reserved for issue, upon exercise of
options granted under the Plan, no more than 2,087,835 shares of the authorized
common shares. The term of each option granted is ten years. The options awarded
to each key employee are evenly divided between service options, which vest
annually from the date of grant, and performance options, which vest according
to annual targets. The vesting of the options varies depending on date of hire.
For all key employees, or non-employee directors who were with the Company prior
to February 1, 2001, 20% of their service options were granted as of the
effective date with 20% vesting annually thereafter. For their performance
options, 25% will vest each year beginning April 15, 2003, subject to the
Company achieving certain financial goals. For all key employees, or
non-employee directors who were hired after February 1, 2001, 20% of their
service options vest on the anniversary of their hire date. Similarly, 20% of
their performance options will vest on each April 15 after the date of hire
subject to achieving certain financial goals and vest in full after five years.
Prior to the initial public offering in June 2005, the exercise price of the
options was the estimated fair value of the shares at the date of grant, as
determined by the board of directors. Concurrent with the Company's initial
public offering, all performance options not yet vested were converted to
service options and vest in the same manner as described above.
On June 8, 2005, the Company adopted the Lincoln Educational Services
Corporation 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "LTIP"). The LTIP permits the
granting of stock options, restricted share units, performance share units,
stock appreciation rights and other equity awards, as determined by the
Company's compensation committee. The compensation committee has the authority,
among other things, to determine eligibility to receive awards, the type of
awards to be granted, the number of shares of stock subject to, or cash amount
payable in connection with, the awards and the terms and conditions of each
award (including vesting, forfeiture, payment, exercisability and performance
periods and targets). The maximum number of shares of our common stock that may
be issued for all purposes under the LTIP is 1,000,000 shares plus any shares of
common stock remaining available for issuance under the 2002 Plan. Any shares of
our common stock that (i) correspond to awards under the LITP or the 2002 Plan
that are forfeited or expire for any reason without having been exercised or
settled or (ii) are tendered or withheld to pay the exercise price of an award
or to satisfy a participant's tax withholding obligations will be added back to
the maximum number of shares available for issuance under the LTIP.
F-21
On June 23, 2005, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation became
effective. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation increased the
number of authorized common shares from 50.0 million shares to 100.0 million
shares and authorized 10.0 million shares of preferred stock.
On June 28, 2005, the Company issued 3.0 million shares of common stock in an
initial public offering for approximately $53.1 million in net cash proceeds,
after deducting underwriting commissions and offering expenses of approximately
$6.9 million. A portion of the $53.1 million in net proceeds received from the
sale of common stock was used to repay all the outstanding indebtedness under
the credit facility discussed in Note 7, totaling $31.0 million.
On July 18, 2005, the underwriters of the initial public offering exercised a
portion of their over-allotment option resulting in the Company's sale on July
22, 2005 of 177,425 shares of common stock and net proceeds to the Company of
$3.3 million.
Pursuant to our 2005 Non-Employee Directors Restricted Stock Plan, each of the
Company's seven non-employee directors received an award of restricted shares of
common stock equal to $60,000 on July 29, 2005. The number of shares granted to
each non-employee director was based on the fair market value of a share of
common stock on that date. These 21,483 restricted shares (3,069 for each
non-employee director) vest ratably on the first, second and third anniversaries
of the date of grant; however, there is no vesting period on the right to vote
or receive dividends on these restricted shares.
During 2002, 147,563 shares were purchased by certain officers and directors. In
connection with the purchase of these shares, the Company received promissory
notes for approximately $0.4 million, payable in 10 years. Interest was payable
annually at an annual interest rate of 5.6%. These notes had been reflected as a
reduction in stockholders' equity. During 2004, approximately $0.3 million of
these loans were repaid. In the first quarter of 2005, the remaining balance on
these loans was paid in full.
On July 30, 2001, three senior members of management and a member of the Board
of Directors purchased 222,448 shares for cash proceeds of $0.7 million. Also in
2001, an existing shareholder purchased an additional 403,600 shares for cash
proceeds of approximately $1.2 million. In April 2001, the Company instituted a
100:1 stock split resulting in 50,000,000 shares authorized. All share and per
share amounts have been adjusted to give retroactive effect to this stock split.
The fair value of the stock options used to compute stock-based compensation is
the estimated present value at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model. The weighted average fair values of options granted during 2005,
2004, and 2003 were $10.55, $15.05, and $7.67, respectively, using the following
weighted average assumptions for grants:
December 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
----------------- ------------------ ----------------------
Expected volatility 55.10-71.35% 59.79-80.35% 66.9-82.0%
Expected dividend yield 0% 0% 0%
Expected life (term) 4-8 Years 4-8.5 Years 3-8.5 Years
Risk-free interest rate 3.59-4.29% 2.45-4.27% 1.89-5.85%
Weighted-average exercise price during the year $ 17.14 $ 23.88 $ 11.90
The following is a summary of transactions pertaining to the option plans:
Weighted-Average
Exercise
Price Per
Shares Share
------------------ ---------------
Outstanding December 31, 2002 1,695,720 $ 2.95
Granted 547,375 11.90
F-22
Cancelled (87,500) 3.10
------------------ ---------------
Outstanding December 31, 2003 2,155,595 5.22
Granted 128,500 23.88
Cancelled (230,425) 9.49
Exercised (31,175) 3.10
------------------ ---------------
Outstanding December 31, 2004 2,022,495 5.92
Granted 189,500 17.14
Cancelled (102,125) 11.30
Exercised (270,697) 2.65
------------------ ---------------
Outstanding December 31, 2005 1,839,173 7.26
================== ===============
The following table presents a summary of options outstanding at December 31,
2005:
As of December 31, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stock Options Stock Options
Outstanding Exercisable
------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Contractual
Weighted Weighted
Average life Weighted Exercise
Range of Exercise Prices Shares (years) Average Price Shares Price
- ------------------------ -------------- --------------- ------------------ -------------- ---------------
$1.55 50,898 3.47 $ 1.55 50,898 $ 1.55
$3.10 1,176,400 6.03 3.10 864,688 3.10
$4.00-$10.00 59,000 7.37 6.19 21,200 5.93
$14.00-$14.19 368,875 8.35 14.05 120,360 14.00
$20.00-$25.00 184,000 8.81 22.13 19,900 23.93
-------------- ---------------- ------------------ --------------- ---------------
1,839,173 6.74 $ 7.26 1,077,046 $ 4.69
============== ================ ================== =============== ===============
12. PENSION PLAN
The Company sponsors a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering
substantially all of the Company's union employees. Benefits are provided based
on employees' years of service and earnings. This plan was frozen on December
31, 1994 for nonunion employees.
The following table sets forth the plan's funded status and amounts recognized
in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31:
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
------------ ------------ ------------
CHANGES IN BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS:
Benefit obligation--beginning of year $ 13,055 $ 11,966 $ 10,912
Service cost 104 108 115
Interest cost 732 716 721
Actuarial loss 710 683 686
Benefits paid (640) (418) (468)
------------- ------------- -------------
Benefit obligation at end of year 13,961 13,055 11,966
------------- ------------- -------------
F-23
CHANGE IN PLAN ASSETS:
Fair value of plan assets--beginning of year 14,071 13,231 11,065
Actual return on plan assets 649 1,258 2,220
Employer contribution 250 -- 414
Benefits paid, including expenses (640) (418) (468)
------------- ------------- -------------
Fair value of plan assets--end of year 14,330 14,071 13,231
------------- ------------- -------------
FAIR VALUE IN EXCESS OF BENEFIT OBLIGATION 369 1,016 1,265
FUNDED STATUS:
Unrecognized net actuarial loss 4,701 3,805 3,503
Unrecognized prior service cost 1 2 3
Unrecognized transition asset -- (3) (6)
------------- ------------- -------------
Prepaid pension cost $ 5,071 $ 4,820 $ 4,765
============= ============= =============
COMPONENTS OF NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST (INCOME):
Service cost $ 104 $ 108 $ 115
Interest cost 732 716 721
Expected return on plan assets (1,101) (1,105) (938)
Amortization of transition asset (3) (3) (3)
Amortization of prior service cost 1 1 1
Recognized net actuarial loss 266 228 413
------------- ------------- -------------
Net periodic benefit cost (income) $ (1) $ (55) $ 309
============= ============= =============
Fair value of total plan assets by major asset category:
As of December 31,
-------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
----------- ----------- -----------
Cash and cash equivalents 1.0% -- 1.0%
Domestic equities 48.0% 48.0% 45.0%
International equities 12.0% 11.0% 10.0%
Domestic fixed income 34.0% 35.0% 38.0%
International fixed income 5.0% 6.0% 6.0%
----------- ----------- -----------
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
=========== =========== ===========
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of
December 31:
2005 2004 2003
----------- ----------- -----------
Discount rate 5.75% 5.75% 6.10%
Rate of compensation increase 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost for
years ended December 31:
2005 2004 2003
----------- ----------- -----------
Discount rate 5.75% 6.10% 6.75%
Expected return on plan assets 8.00% 8.50% 8.50%
Rate of compensation increase 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%
F-24
As this plan was frozen to non-union employees on December 31, 1994, the
difference between the benefit obligation and accumulated benefit obligation is
not significant in any year.
The Company invests plan assets based on a total return on investment approach,
pursuant to which the plan assets include a diversified blend of equity and
fixed income investments toward a goal of maximizing the long-term rate of
return without assuming an unreasonable level of investment risk. The Company
determines the level of risk based on an analysis of plan liabilities, the
extent to which the value of the plan assets satisfies the plan liabilities and
the plan's financial condition. The investment policy includes target
allocations ranging from 30% to 70% for equity investments, 20% to 60% for fixed
income investments and 0% to 10% for cash equivalents. The equity portion of the
plan assets represents growth and value stocks of small, medium and large
companies. The Company measures and monitors the investment risk of the plan
assets both on a quarterly basis and annually when the Company assesses plan
liabilities.
The Company uses a building block approach to estimate the long-term rate of
return on plan assets. This approach is based on the capital market assumption
that the greater the volatility, the greater the return over the long term. An
analysis of the historical performance of equity and fixed income investments,
together with current market factors such as the inflation and interest rates,
are used to help make the assumptions necessary to estimate a long-term rate of
return on plan assets. Once this estimate is made, the Company reviews the
portfolio of plan assets and make adjustments thereto that the Company believes
are necessary to reflect a diversified blend of equity and fixed income
investments that is capable of achieving the estimated long-term rate of return
without assuming an unreasonable level of investment risk. The Company also
compares the portfolio of plan assets to those of other pension plans to help
assess the suitability and appropriateness of the plan's investments.
While the Company does not expect to make any contributions to the plan in 2006,
after considering the funded status of the plan, movements in the discount rate,
investment performance and related tax consequences, the Company may choose to
make contributions to the plan in any given year.
The total amount of the Company's contributions paid under its pension plan was
$250,000 and $0 for the year ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 respectively. The
net periodic benefit income was $1,000 and $55,000 for the year ended December
31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Information about the expected benefit payments for the plan is as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
- ------------------------
2006 $ 525
2007 548
2008 601
2009 601
2010 645
2011-2015 3,854
Effective January 1, 1995, the Company established a 401(k) salary reduction
plan for all eligible employees. Employees may contribute up to 15% of their
compensation into the plan. The Company will contribute an additional 30% of the
employee's contributed amount on the first 6% of compensation. For the years
ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 the Company's expense for the 401(k) plan
amounted to $0.9 million, $0.9 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
F-25
13. INCOME TAXES
Components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:
December 31,
--------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
--------- ----------- -----------
Current:
Federal $ 9,160 $ 7,774 $ 3,401
State 2,427 1,797 669
---------- ------------ ------------
Total 11,587 9,571 4,070
---------- ------------ ------------
Deferred:
Federal 75 (329) 859
State 265 -- 426
---------- ------------ ------------
Total 340 (329) 1,285
---------- ------------ ------------
Total provision $ 11,927 $ 9,242 $ 5,355
========== ============ ============
The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows:
December 31,
----------------------------
2005 2004
------------ ------------
Deferred tax assets
Current:
Accrued vacation $ 81 $ 350
Allowance for bad debts 3,084 2,809
Accrued student fees 376 706
Accrued legal fees -- 22
Benefits -- 594
Other 4 28
Total current deferred tax assets 3,545 4,509
------------- -------------
Noncurrent:
Accrued rent 1,649 1,042
Stock-based compensation 1,140 813
Depreciation 2,698 1,783
Other intangibles 487 297
Net operating loss carryforward 60 --
Sale leaseback--deferred gain 1,769 1,627
Other 7 --
Total noncurrent deferred tax assets 7,810 5,562
------------- -------------
Total deferred tax assets 11,355 10,071
------------- -------------
F-26
Deferred tax liabilities
Noncurrent:
Other -- (24)
Goodwill (2,961) (1,444)
Prepaid pension cost (2,059) (1,928)
------------- -------------
Total deferred tax liabilities (5,020) (3,396)
------------- -------------
Total net noncurrent deferred tax assets 2,790 2,166
------------- -------------
Total net deferred tax assets $ 6,335 $ 6,675
============= =============
At December 31, 2005, the Company had $0.8 million of state net operating loss
carryforwards, which begin to expire in 2019.
The difference between the actual tax provision (benefit) and the tax provision
(benefit) that would result from the use of the Federal statutory rate is as
follows:
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2005 2004 2003
----------------------- -------------------- -------------------
Income before taxes $ 30,636 100.0 $ 22,220 100.0% $ 13,574 100.0%
--------------- ----- ------------- ----- ------------- -----
%
Expected tax $ 10,723 35.0% $ 7,777 35.0% $ 4,615 34.0%
State tax expense (net of federal benefit) 1,750 5.7 1,168 5.3 723 5.3
Resolution of tax contingency (a) 785 2.6 -- -- -- --
Other (1,331) (4.4) 297 1.3 17 0.2
--------------- ----- ------------- ----- ------------- -----
Total $ 11,927 38.9% $ 9,242 41.6% $ 5,355 39.5%
=============== ====== ============== ===== ============= =====
(a) For the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company recognized a benefit of
approximately $0.8 million resulting from the resolution of a tax contingency.
14. SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company's principal business is providing post-secondary education.
Accordingly, the Company's operations aggregate into one reporting segment.
15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company had a consulting agreement with Hart Capital LLC, which terminated
by its terms in June 2004, to advise the Company in identifying acquisition and
merger targets and assisting with the due diligence reviews of and negotiations
with these targets. Hart Capital is the managing member of Five Mile River
Capital Partners LLC, which is the second largest stockholder of the Company.
Steven Hart, the President of Hart Capital, is a member of the Company's board
of directors. The Company paid Hart Capital a monthly retainer, reimbursement of
expenses and an advisory fee for its work on successful acquisitions or mergers.
In accordance with the agreement, the Company paid Hart Capital approximately
$0.4 million, and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004,
respectively. In connection with the consummation of the NETI acquisition, which
closed on January 11, 2005, the Company paid Hart Capital $0.3 million for its
services.
In 2003, the Company entered into a management service agreement with its major
stockholder. In accordance with this agreement the Company pays Stonington
Partners a management fee of $0.75 million per year for management consulting
and financial and business advisory services. Such services include valuing
acquisitions and structuring
F-27
their financing and assisting with new loan agreements. The Company paid
Stonington Partners $0.75 million in January 2005 and 2004. Fees paid to
Stonington Partners were being amortized over a twelve month period. This
agreement terminated by its terms upon the Company's completion of its initial
public offering. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended
December 31, 2005 include a $0.4 million charge resulting from the write-off of
the remaining unamortized fees.
During 2002, certain members of senior management issued personal recourse
secured promissory notes to the Company for approximately $0.4 million in
connection with their purchase of shares of our company stock. These notes have
been reflected as a reduction in stockholders' equity. All amounts outstanding
under these promissory notes were repaid by the end of the first quarter of
2005.
16. CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTY HELD FOR SALE
During 2004, the Company vacated its former facility in Indianapolis, Indiana.
On June 30, 2004, the Company began efforts to sell the property and accordingly
classified the assets as assets held for sale and ended depreciation on the
property. While the Company has received several offers, to date the Company has
been unable to sell the property. While the Company continues to market the
property and continues to have interested parties, as a result of the passage of
time, the Company has reclassified the property from property held for sale back
to property, equipment and facilities in the accompanying balance sheet. As a
result of the reclassification, the Company took a depreciation charge of
approximately $0.2 million for the three month period ending September 30, 2005.
17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Lease Commitments--The Company leases office premises, educational facilities
and various equipment for varying periods through the year 2020 at basic annual
rentals (excluding taxes, insurance, and other expenses under certain leases) as
follows:
Year Ending December 31, Finance Operating Capital
Obligations Leases Leases
- -------------------------------------------- -------------------- ----------------- ------------
2006 $ 1,259 $ 16,100 $ 324
2007 1,259 16,311 236
2008 1,259 15,657 234
2009 1,259 14,083 161
2010 1,259 12,249 155
Thereafter 7,654 65,974 121
-------------------- ----------------- ------------
13,949 140,374 1,231
Less amount representing interest (13,949) -- (216)
-------------------- ----------------- ------------
$ -- $ 140,374 $ 1,015
===================== ================== =============
On December 28, 2001, the Company completed a sale and a leaseback of four owned
facilities to a third party for net proceeds of approximately $8.8 million. The
initial term of the lease is 15 years with two ten-year extensions. The lease is
an operating lease that starts at $1.2 million in the first year and increases
annually by the consumer price index. The lease includes an option near the end
of the initial lease term to purchase the facilities at fair value, as defined.
In connection with this transaction, $9.0 million of cash received was required
to be maintained as collateral security under the previous loan agreement and
was reflected as restricted cash. Upon entering into the Credit Agreement on
February 11, 2003, these restrictions were effectively eliminated. This
transaction is being accounted for as a financing. The net proceeds received
have been reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as a finance obligation.
The lease payments are included as a component of interest expense.
F-28
Rent expense, included in operating expenses in the accompanying financial
statements for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 is $16.7
million, $15.2 million, and $11.8 million, respectively. Interest expense
related to the financing obligation in the accompanying financial statements for
the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 is $1.3 million, $1.2 million
and $1.2 million, respectively.
Litigation and Regulatory Matters--The Company has been named as a defendant in
actions resulting from the normal course of operations. Based, in part, on the
opinion of counsel, management believes that the resolution of these matters
will not have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations
and cash flows.
18. UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Quarterly financial information for 2005 and 2004 is as follows (in thousands
except per share data):
Quarter
---------------------------------------------------
2005 First Second Third Fourth
- ------------------------------------------- ------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
Net revenues $ 70,869 $ 68,236 $ 78,352 $ 81,764
Income (loss) from operations 2,501 812 7,898 21,299
Net income available to common shareholders 772 42 5,485 12,410
Income per share:
Basic $ 0.04 $ 0.00 $ 0.22 $ 0.49
Diluted 0.03 0.00 0.21 0.48
Quarter
---------------------------------------------------
2004 First Second Third Fourth
- ------------------------------------------- ------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
Net revenues $ 59,574 $ 59,200 $ 69,159 $ 73,300
Income from operations 3,632 2,113 8,256 11,080
Net income available to common shareholders 1,618 860 4,393 6,107
Income per share:
Basic $ 0.07 $ 0.04 $ 0.20 $ 0.28
Diluted 0.07 0.04 0.19 0.27
F-29
LINCOLN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION
Schedule II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(in thousands)
Balance at
Beginning of Charged to Balance at
Description Period Expense Deductions End of Period
- --------------------------------------------- -------------- ------------ ---------- -------------
Allowance accounts for the year ended:
December 31, 2005
Allowance for accounts receivable $7,023 $11,188 $10,564 $7,647
================ ============== ============== =================
December 31, 2004
Allowance for accounts receivable $5,469 $9,247 $7,693 $7,023
================ ============== ============== =================
December 31, 2003
Allowance for accounts receivable $3,378 $7,415 $5,324 $5,469
================ ============== ============== =================
F-30