EXHIBIT 3.3

                            CERTIFICATE OF SECRETARY


         I hereby certify:

         That I am the duly elected and acting Secretary of Helian Health Group,
         Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Corporation); and

         That at a meeting of the Board of Directors duly held on April 25, 1995
         the following resolutions were adopted:

Amendment of By-laws.
- ---------------------

WHEREAS,  it is in the best interest of the  Corporation to amend its By-laws to
provide for the office of Chief Executive Officer.

RESOLVED, that Article V of the By-laws of the Corporation is hereby amended and
restated in its entirety in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A.
                                                        ---------

RESOLVED  FURTHER,  that the Secretary of the  Corporation be, and he hereby is,
authorized to certify such  amendment as having been adopted at this meeting and
that the  Secretary  be, and he hereby  is,  directed  to  execute  and insert a
Certificate of Secretary in the minute book immediately following the By-laws of
the Corporation.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunder subscribed my name this 1st day of October,
1995.



                                            /s/      Michael K. McMillan
                                            ------------------------------------
                                                     Michael K. McMillan
                                                     Secretary



                                        1





                                    EXHIBIT A
                                    ---------

                                    ARTICLE V
                                    OFFICERS

         Section 1. The officers of the corporation shall be chosen by the board
of  directors  and  shall  be  a  chief  executive  officer,   a  president,   a
vice-president,  a secretary  and a treasurer.  The board of directors  may also
choose a chairman  of the  board,  additional  vice-presidents,  and one or more
assistant  secretaries  and assistant  treasurers.  Any number of offices may be
held by the same  person,  unless  the  certificate  of  incorporation  or these
by-laws otherwise provide.

         Section  2. The board of  directors  at its first  meeting  after  each
annual  meeting  of  stockholders  shall  choose a chief  executive  officer,  a
president, one or more vice-presidents, a secretary and a treasurer.

         Section 3. The board of directors  may appoint such other  officers and
agents as it shalldeem necessary who shall hold their offices for such terms and
shall  exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined  from
time to time by the board.

         Section 4. The salaries of all  officers and agents of the  corporation
shall be fixed by the board of directors.

         Section 5. The  officers of the  corporation  shall hold  office  until
their successors are chosen and qualify. Any officer elected or appointed by the
board of  directors  may be  removed  at any time by the  affirmative  vote of a
majority of the board of directors.  Any vacancy  occurring in any office of the
corporation shall be filled by the board of directors.

                              CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

         Section  6.  The  chairman  of the  board,  if  there  shall be such an
officer,  shall, if present,  preside at all meetings of the board of directors,
and shall  exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may be from time
to time assigned to him by the board of directors.

                             CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

         Section 7. The chief executive  officer shall be the general manager of
the  corporation  and shall,  subject to the control of the board of  directors,
have general supervision,  direction and control of the business and officers of
the corporation.  He shall preside at all meetings of the  stockholders  and, in
the absence of the chairman of the board,  or if there be none,  at all meetings
of the board of  directors.  He shall be ex-officio a member of all the standing
committees,  including the executive committee, if any. He shall have such other
powers and duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors.

                                  THE PRESIDENT

         Section 8. Subject to the supervision of the chief  executive  officer,
the  president  shall have general and active  management of the business of the
corporation.  In the absence or disability of the chief  executive  officer,  if
such office is held by another person, the president shall perform all duties of
the chief  executive  officer,  and when so acting shall have all the powers of,
and be subject to all the restrictions  upon, the president.  He shall have such
other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors.

         Section 9. Both the chief  executive  officer and the  president  shall
execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of
the corporation, except where required or permitted by law


                                        2






to be otherwise  signed and executed and except where the signing and  execution
thereof  shall be  expressly  delegated  by the board of directors to some other
officer or agent of the corporation.

                               THE VICE-PRESIDENTS

         Section 10. In the absence of the chief executive  officer and, if such
office is held by another  person,  president or in the event of such  officers'
inability or refusal to act, the  vice-president  (or in the event there be more
than one  vice-president,  the  vice-presidents  in the order  designated by the
directors,  or in the  absence  of any  designation,  then in the order of their
election)  shall  perform  the  duties of the chief  executive  officer  and the
president,  and when so  acting,  shall have all the powers of and be subject to
all the  restrictions  upon the chief executive  officer and the president.  The
vice-presidents  shall  perform  such other duties and have such other powers as
the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.

                      THE SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY

         Section 11. The  secretary  shall  attend all  meetings of the board of
directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of
the  meetings of the  corporation  and of the board of directors in a book to be
kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing  committees
when  required.  He shall give, or cause to be given,  notice of all meetings of
the  stockholders  and  special  meetings of the board of  directors,  and shall
perform  such other  duties as may be  prescribed  by the board of  directors or
chief  executive  officer,  under whose  supervision  he shall be. He shall have
custody  of the  corporate  seal  of the  corporation  and he,  or an  assistant
secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it
and when so affixed,  it may be attested by his signature or by the signature of
such assistant  secretary.  The board of directors may give general authority to
any  other  officer  to affix  the seal of the  corporation  and to  attest  the
affixing by his signature.

         Section 12. The assistant secretary,  or if there be more than one, the
assistant  secretaries in the order  determined by the board of directors (or if
there be no such  determination,  then in the order of their election) shall, in
the absence of the secretary or in the event of his inability or refusal to act,
perform the duties and exercise the powers of the  secretary  and shall  perform
such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors  may from
time to time prescribe.

                     THE TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS

         Section 13. The treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds
and  securities  and shall  keep full and  accurate  accounts  of  receipts  and
disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys
and other valuable  effects in the name and to the credit of the  corporation in
such depositories as may be designated by the board of directors.

         Section 14. He shall  disburse the funds of the  corporation  as may be
ordered  by  the  board  of   directors,   taking   proper   vouchers  for  such
disbursements,  and shall render to the president and board of directors, at its
regular meetings,  or when the board of directors so requires, an account of all
his transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the corporation.

         Section 15. If required  by the board of  directors,  he shall give the
corporation a bond (which shall be renewed every six years) in such sum and with
such surety or sureties as shall be  satisfactory  to the board of directors for
the faithful  performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to
the corporation,  in case of his death, resignation,  retirement or removal from
office,  of all books,  papers,  vouchers,  money and other property of whatever
kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the corporation.


                                        3




         Section  16. The  assistant  treasurer,  or if there shall be more than
one, the assistant  treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors
(of if  there be no such  determination,  then in the  order of their  election)
shall,  in the  absence of the  treasurer  or in the event of his  inability  or
refusal to act,  perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer and
shall  perform  such other  duties  and have such  other  powers as the board of
directors may from time to time prescribe.


                                        4





                            HELIAN HEALTH GROUP, INC.

                                     BY-LAWS


                                    ARTICLE I

                                     OFFICES

         Section 1. The  registered  office shall be in the City of  Wilmington,
County of New Castle, State of Delaware.

         Section 2. The  corporation  may also have offices at such other places
both within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors may from
time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.

                                   ARTICLE II

                            MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

         Section  1.  All  meetings  of the  stockholders  for the  election  of
directors shall be held in the City of Los Angeles, State of California, at such
place as may be fixed  from time to time by the board of  directors,  or at such
other  place  either  within  or  without  the  State  of  Delaware  as shall be
designated  from time to time by the board of directors and stated in the notice
of the meeting.  Meetings of  stockholders  for any other purpose may be held at
such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be stated
in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.

         Section 2. Annual  meetings of  stockholders,  commencing with the year
1987, shall be held on the fifteenth day of May if not a legal holiday, and if a
legal holiday, then on the next secular day following, at 10:00 A.M., or at such
other  date and time as shall be  designated  from  time to time by the board of
directors and stated in the notice of the meeting,  at which they shall elect by
a plurality  vote a board of directors,  and transact such other business as may
properly be brought before the meeting.

         Section 3. Written notice of the annual meeting stating the place, date
and hour of the meeting shall be given to each  stockholder  entitled to vote at
such  meeting  not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the
meeting.

         Section  4. The  officer  who has  charge  of the  stock  ledger of the
corporation  shall  prepare and make,  at least ten days before every meeting of
stockholders,  a  complete  list  of the  stockholders  entitled  to vote at the
meeting,  arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  and  showing  the  address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any  stockholder,  for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least
ten days  prior to the  meeting,  either at a place  within  the city  where the
meeting  is to be held,  which  place  shall be  specified  in the notice of the
meeting, or, if not so specified,  at the place where the meeting is to be held.
The list shall also be  produced  and kept at the time and place of the  meeting
during the whole time thereof,  and may be inspected by any  stockholder  who is
present.

         Section 5.  Special  meetings of the  stockholders,  for any purpose or
purposes,  unless  otherwise  prescribed  by  statute or by the  certificate  of
incorporation,  may be  called  by the  president  and  shall be  called

                                        5




by the  president  or  secretary  at the request in writing of a majority of the
board of  directors,  or at the  request  in writing  of  stockholders  owning a
majority in amount of the entire  capital  stock of the  corporation  issued and
outstanding  and  entitled  to vote.  Such  request  shall  state the purpose or
purposes of the proposed meeting.

         Section 6. Written notice of a special meeting stating the place,  date
and hour of the meeting  and the  purpose or  purposes  for which the meeting is
called,  shall be given not less than ten nor more than  sixty  days  before the
date of the meeting, to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting.

         Section 7. Business  transacted at any special  meeting of stockholders
shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.

         Section  8.  The  holders  of  a  majority  of  the  stock  issued  and
outstanding  and entitled to vote thereat,  present in person or  represented by
proxy,  shall  constitute a quorum at all meetings of the  stockholders  for the
transaction  of  business  except as  otherwise  provided  by  statute or by the
certificate of incorporation.  If, however,  such quorum shall not be present or
represented at any meeting of the  stockholders,  the  stockholders  entitled to
vote thereat,  present in person or  represented  by proxy,  shall have power to
adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at
the meeting,  until a quorum shall be present or represented.  At such adjourned
meeting at which a quorum  shall be present or  represented  any business may be
transacted  which  might  have been  transacted  at the  meeting  as  originally
notified.  If the  adjournment  is for more than  thirty  days,  or if after the
adjournment  a new record date is fixed for the adjourned  meeting,  a notice of
the adjourned  meeting shall be given to each  stockholder of record entitled to
vote at the meeting.

         Section  9. When a quorum is present  at any  meeting,  the vote of the
holders of a majority  of the stock  having  voting  power  present in person or
represented  by proxy shall decide any  question  brought  before such  meeting,
unless the question is one upon which by express provision of the statutes or of
the  certificate  of  incorporation,  a different vote is required in which case
such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.

         Section  10.  Unless   otherwise   provided  in  the   certificate   of
incorporation  each  stockholder  shall at every meeting of the  stockholders be
entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the  capital  stock
having  voting  power held by such  stockholder,  but no proxy shall be voted on
after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.

         Section  11.  Unless   otherwise   provided  in  the   certificate   of
incorporation,  any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting
of  stockholders  of the  corporation,  or any action  which may be taken at any
annual or special meeting of such stockholders,  may be taken without a meeting,
without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing,  setting forth
the action so taken,  shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having
not less than the minimum  number of votes that would be  necessary to authorize
or take such action at a meeting at which all shares  entitled  to vote  thereon
were  present and voted.  Prompt  notice of the taking of the  corporate  action
without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those
stockholders who have not consented in writing.







                                        6





                                   ARTICLE III

                                    DIRECTORS

         Section 1. The number of  directors  which shall  constitute  the whole
board shall be not less than three nor more than thirteen. The first board shall
consist of three directors.  Thereafter,  within the limits above specified, the
number of directors  shall be determined by resolution of the board of directors
or by the stockholders at the annual meeting.  The directors shall be elected at
the annual meeting of the stockholders,  except as provided in Section 2 of this
Article,  and each  director  elected  shall hold office until his  successor is
elected and qualified. Directors need not be stockholders.

         Section 2. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any
increase in the  authorized  number of directors  may be filled by a majority of
the directors then in office,  though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining
director,  and the  directors  so chosen shall hold office until the next annual
election and until their  successors are duly elected and shall qualify,  unless
sooner  displaced.  If there are no  directors  in office,  then an  election of
directors  may be held in the manner  provided  by  statute.  If, at the time of
filling any vacancy or any newly created  directorship,  the  directors  then in
office shall  constitute less than a majority of the whole board (as constituted
immediately  prior to any  such  increase),  the  Court of  Chancery  may,  upon
application of any stockholder or  stockholders  holding at least ten percent of
the total number of the shares at the time outstanding  having the right to vote
for such  directors,  summarily  order an  election  to be held to fill any such
vacancies or newly created directorships,  or to replace the directors chosen by
the directors then in office.

         Section 3. The business of the corporation shall be managed by or under
the  direction of its board of  directors  which may exercise all such powers of
the  corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or
by the certificate of  incorporation or by these by-laws directed or required to
be exercised or done by the stockholders.

                       MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

         Section 4. The board of directors of the corporation may hold meetings,
both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware.

         Section 5. The first  meeting of each newly  elected board of directors
shall  be held at such  time  and  place  as  shall  be fixed by the vote of the
stockholders  at the  annual  meeting  and no  notice of such  meeting  shall be
necessary to the newly  elected  directors in order  legally to  constitute  the
meeting,  provided a quorum shall be present. In the event of the failure of the
stockholders to fix the time or place of such first meeting of the newly elected
board of  directors,  or in the event  such  meeting is not held at the time and
place so fixed by the  stockholders,  the  meeting  may be held at such time and
place as shall  be  specified  in a notice  given as  hereinafter  provided  for
special  meetings  of the  board of  directors,  or as shall be  specified  in a
written waiver signed by all of the directors.

         Section  6.  Regular  meetings  of the board of  directors  may be held
without  notice  at such  time and at such  place as shall  from time to time be
determined by the board.

         Section 7. Special meetings of the board may be called by the president
on one  day's  notice  to  each  director,  either  personally  or by mail or by
telegram; special meetings shall be called by the president or secretary in like
manner and on like notice on the  written  request of two  directors  unless the
board  consists of only one director;  in which case special  meetings  shall be
called by the  president  or  secretary in like manner and on like notice on the
written request of the sole director.

         Section 8. At all  meetings  of the board a majority  of the  directors
shall  constitute  a quorum for the  transaction  of  business  and the act of a
majority  of the  directors  present at any  meeting at which  there is a quorum
shall  be  the  act  of the  board  of  directors,  except  as may be  otherwise
specifically  provided by statute or by the certificate of  incorporation.  If a
quorum  shall  not be  present  at any  meeting  of the board of  directors 

                                        7






the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without
notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

         Section  9.  Unless   otherwise   restricted  by  the   certificate  of
incorporation or these by-laws,  any action required or permitted to be taken at
any meeting of the board of directors or of any  committee  thereof may be taken
without a meeting, if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be,
consent  thereto in  writing,  and the  writing or  writings  are filed with the
minutes of proceedings of the board or committee.

         Section  10.  Unless   otherwise   restricted  by  the  certificate  of
incorporation  or these  by-laws,  members  of the  board of  directors,  or any
committee designated by the board of directors,  may participate in a meeting of
the board of directors,  or any committee,  by means of conference  telephone or
similar communications  equipment by means of which all persons participating in
the meeting  can hear each  other,  and such  participation  in a meeting  shall
constitute presence in person at the meeting.

                             COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS

         Section  11. The board of  directors  may,  by  resolution  passed by a
majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, each committee to
consist  of one or more of the  directors  of the  corporation.  The  board  may
designate one or more directors as alternate  members of any committee,  who may
replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.

         In the  absence or  disqualification  of a member of a  committee,  the
member or members  thereof  present at any  meeting  and not  disqualified  from
voting,  whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously  appoint
another  member of the board of  directors to act at the meeting in the place of
any such absent or disqualified member.

         Any such  committee,  to the extent  provided in the  resolution of the
board of directors,  shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of
the board of  directors  in the  management  of the  business and affairs of the
corporation,  and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all
papers  which may  require  it;  but no such  committee  shall have the power or
authority in reference to amending the  certificate  of  incorporation,  (except
that a committee may, to the extent  authorized in the resolution or resolutions
providing  for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the board of directors
as  provided  in  Section  151(a) fix any of the  preferences  or rights of such
shares  relating to dividends,  redemption,  dissolution,  any  distribution  of
assets of the corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares
for, shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any
other class or classes of stock of the  corporation)  adopting an  agreement  of
merger or  consolidation,  recommending to the  stockholders  the sale, lease or
exchange of all or substantially all of the  corporation's  property and assets,
recommending  to  the  stockholders  a  dissolution  of  the  corporation  or  a
revocation of a dissolution,  or amending the by-laws of the  corporation;  and,
unless the resolution or the certificate of incorporation  expressly so provide,
no such committee  shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to
authorize  the  issuance of stock or to adopt a  certificate  of  ownership  and
merger.  Such  committee or  committees  shall have such name or names as may be
determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the board of directors.

         Section 12. Each committee  shall keep regular  minutes of its meetings
and report the same to the board of directors when required.

                            COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS

         Section  13.  Unless   otherwise   restricted  by  the  certificate  of
incorporation or these by-laws,  the board of directors shall have the authority
to fix the compensation of directors.  The directors may be paid their


                                        8



expenses,  if any, of  attendance  at each meeting of the board of directors and
may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the board of directors
or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from
serving  the  corporation  in any  other  capacity  and  receiving  compensation
therefor.  Members  of  special  or  standing  committees  may be  allowed  like
compensation for attending committee meetings.

                              REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS

         Section  14.  Unless   otherwise   restricted  by  the  certificate  of
incorporation  or by law, any  director or the entire board of directors  may be
removed,  with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of shares entitled
to vote at an election of directors.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                                     NOTICES

         Section 1.  Whenever,  under the  provisions  of the statutes or of the
certificate of incorporation or of these by-laws, notice is required to be given
to any  director or  stockholder,  it shall not be  construed  to mean  personal
notice,  but such notice may be given in  writing,  by mail,  addressed  to such
director  or  stockholder,  at his  address as it appears on the  records of the
corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be
given at the time when the same shall be  deposited  in the United  States mail.
Notice to directors may also be given by telegram.

         Section  2.  Whenever  any  notice is  required  to be given  under the
provisions of the statutes or of the  certificate of  incorporation  or of these
by-laws,  a waiver thereof in writing,  signed by the person or persons entitled
to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent thereto.

                                    ARTICLE V

                                    OFFICERS

         Section 1. The officers of the corporation shall be chosen by the board
of  directors  and shall be a president,  a  vice-president,  a secretary  and a
treasurer.  The board of directors may also choose  additional  vice-presidents,
and one or more assistant  secretaries and assistant  treasurers.  Any number of
offices may be held by the same person,  unless the certificate of incorporation
or these by-laws otherwise provide.

         Section  2. The board of  directors  at its first  meeting  after  each
annual  meeting  of  stockholders   shall  choose  a  president,   one  or  more
vice-presidents, a secretary and a treasurer.

         Section 3. The board of directors  may appoint such other  officers and
agents as it shall deem  necessary  who shall hold their  offices for such terms
and shall  exercise  such powers and perform such duties as shall be  determined
from time to time by the board.

         Section 4. The salaries of all  officers and agents of the  corporation
shall be fixed by the board of directors.

         Section 5. The  officers of the  corporation  shall hold  office  until
their successors are chosen and qualify. Any officer elected or appointed by the
board of  directors  may be  removed  at any time by the  affirmative  vote of a
majority of the board of directors.  Any vacancy  occurring in any office of the
corporation shall be filled by the board of directors.

                                        9





                                  THE PRESIDENT

         Section 6. The president  shall be the chief  executive  officer of the
corporation,  shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the board of
directors,  shall have  general  and active  management  of the  business of the
corporation  and  shall  see that all  orders  and  resolutions  of the board of
directors are carried into effect.

         Section  7. He shall  execute  bonds,  mortgages  and  other  contracts
requiring a seal,  under the seal of the  corporation,  except where required or
permitted  by law to be  otherwise  signed and  executed  and  except  where the
signing and  execution  thereof  shall be  expressly  delegated  by the board of
directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.

                               THE VICE-PRESIDENTS

         Section  8. In the  absence  of the  president  or in the  event of his
inability or refusal to act, the  vice-president  (or in the event there be more
than one  vice-president,  the  vice-presidents  in the order  designated by the
directors,  or in the  absence  of any  designation,  then in the order of their
election) shall perform the duties of the president,  and when so acting,  shall
have  all  the  powers  of and be  subject  to all  the  restrictions  upon  the
president.  The  vice-presidents  shall  perform such other duties and have such
other powers as the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.

                      THE SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY

         Section 9. The  secretary  shall  attend all  meetings  of the board of
directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of
the  meetings of the  corporation  and of the board of directors in a book to be
kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing  committees
when  required.  He shall give, or cause to be given,  notice of all meetings of
the  stockholders  and  special  meetings of the board of  directors,  and shall
perform  such other  duties as may be  prescribed  by the board of  directors or
president,  under whose  supervision  he shall be. He shall have  custody of the
corporate seal of the corporation and he, or an assistant secretary,  shall have
authority to affix the same to any instrument  requiring it and when so affixed,
it may be  attested  by his  signature  or by the  signature  of such  assistant
secretary.  The  board of  directors  may give  general  authority  to any other
officer to affix the seal of the  corporation  and to attest the affixing by his
signature.

         Section 10. The assistant secretary,  or if there be more than one, the
assistant  secretaries in the order  determined by the board of directors (or if
there be no such  determination,  then in the order of their election) shall, in
the absence of the secretary or in the event of his inability or refusal to act,
perform the duties and exercise the powers of the  secretary  and shall  perform
such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors  may from
time to time prescribe.

                     THE TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS

         Section 11. The treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds
and  securities  and shall  keep full and  accurate  accounts  of  receipts  and
disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys
and other valuable  effects in the name and to the credit of the  corporation in
such depositories as may be designated by the board of directors.

         Section 12. He shall  disburse the funds of the  corporation  as may be
ordered  by  the  board  of   directors,   taking   proper   vouchers  for  such
disbursements,  and shall render to the president and the board of directors, at
its regular meetings,  or when the board of directors so requires, an account of
all  his  transactions  as  treasurer  and of  the  financial  condition  of the
corporation.



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         Section 13. If required  by the board of  directors,  he shall give the
corporation a bond (which shall be renewed every six years) in such sum and with
such surety or sureties as shall be  satisfactory  to the board of directors for
the faithful  performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to
the corporation,  in case of his death, resignation,  retirement or removal from
office,  of all books,  papers,  vouchers,  money and other property of whatever
kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the corporation.

         Section  14. The  assistant  treasurer,  or if there shall be more than
one, the assistant  treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors
(or if  there be no such  determination,  then in the  order of their  election)
shall,  in the  absence of the  treasurer  or in the event of his  inability  or
refusal to act,  perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer and
shall  perform  such other  duties  and have such  other  powers as the board of
directors may from time to time prescribe.

                                   ARTICLE VI

                             CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES

         Section  1. The shares of the  corporation  shall be  represented  by a
certificate or shall be  uncertificated.  Certificates shall be signed by, or in
the name of the  corporation by, the chairman or  vice-chairman  of the board of
directors,  or  the  president  or a  vice-president  and  the  treasurer  or an
assistant  treasurer,  or  the  secretary  or  an  assistant  secretary  of  the
corporation.

         Within  a   reasonable   time  after  the   issuance   or  transfer  of
uncertificated stock, the corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof
a written notice  containing the information  required to be set forth or stated
on  certificates  pursuant to Sections 151, 156, 202(a) or 218(a) or a statement
that  the  corporation  will  furnish  without  issue  of a new  certificate  or
certificates  or  uncertificated  shares,  the board of  directors  may,  in its
discretion  and as a condition  precedent to the issuance  thereof,  require the
owner of such lost,  stolen or destroyed  certificate  or  certificates,  or his
legal  representative,  to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require
and/or to give the  corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity
against any claim that may be made against the  corporation  with respect to the
certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

                                TRANSFER OF STOCK

         Section 2. Upon  surrender to the  corporation or the transfer agent of
the  corporation  of a certificate  for shares duly endorsed or  accompanied  by
proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be
the duty of the  corporation to issue a new  certificate to the person  entitled
thereto,  cancel the old certificate and record the transaction  upon its books.
Upon  receipt  of proper  transfer  instructions  from the  registered  owner of
uncertificated shares such uncertificated shares shall be cancelled and issuance
of new equivalent  uncertificated shares or certificated shares shall be made to
the person entitled thereto and the transaction shall be recorded upon the books
of the corporation.

                               FIXING RECORD DATE

         Section 3. In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders
entitled  to  notice  of or to  vote  at  any  meeting  of  stockholders  or any
adjournment  thereof,  or to  express  consent  to  corporate  action in writing
without a meeting,  or  entitled  to receive  payment of any  dividend  or other
distribution  or allotment of any rights,  or entitled to exercise any rights in
respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any
other lawful action,  the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date,
which  shall not be more than  sixty nor less than ten days  before  the date of
such meeting, no more than sixty days prior to any other action. A determination
of  stockholders  of record  entitled  to  notice of or to vote at a meeting  of


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stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting:  provided,  however,
that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

                             REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS

         Section 4. The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive
right of a person  registered  on its books as the  owner of  shares to  receive
dividends,  and to  vote  as  such  owner,  and to hold  liable  for  calls  and
assessments a person  registered  on its books as the owner of shares,  an shall
not be bound to  recognize  any  equitable or other claim to or interest in such
share or shares on the part of any other  person,  whether  or not it shall have
express or other notice  thereof,  except as  otherwise  provided by the laws of
Delaware.

                                   ARTICLE VII

                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

                                    DIVIDENDS

         Section 1. Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject
to the provisions of the certificate of  incorporation,  if any, may be declared
by the board of  directors at any regular or special  meeting,  pursuant to law.
Dividends may be paid in cash, in property,  or in shares of the capital  stock,
subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation.

         Section 2. Before  payment of any dividend,  there may be set aside out
of any funds of the corporation  available for dividends such sum or sums as the
directors  from time to time, in their  absolute  discretion,  think proper as a
reserve or reserves to meet contingencies,  or for equalizing dividends,  or for
repairing  or  maintaining  any property of the  corporation,  or for such other
purpose  as  the  directors  shall  think  conducive  to  the  interest  of  the
corporation,  and the  directors  may modify or abolish any such  reserve in the
manner in which it was created.

                                ANNUAL STATEMENT


         Section 3. The board of directors shall present at each annual meeting,
and at any special  meeting of the  stockholders  when called for by vote of the
stockholders,  a full and clear  statement of the business and  condition of the
corporation.

                                     CHECKS

         Section 4. All checks or demands for money and notes of the corporation
shall be signed by such  officer or officers or such other  person or persons as
the board of directors may from time to time designate.

                                   FISCAL YEAR

         Section  5.  The  fiscal  year of the  corporation  shall  be  fixed by
resolution of the board of directors.

                                      SEAL

         Section 6. The corporate seal shall have inscribed  thereon the name of
the  corporation,  the year of its  organization  and the words "Corporate Seal,
Delaware".  The seal may be used by  causing  it or a  facsimile  thereof  to be
impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

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                                 INDEMNIFICATION

         Section 7. The duly elected  directors of the Corporation  shall not be
held  personally  liable to the  Corporation  or its  Stockholders  for monetary
damages for breach of a fiduciary duty as a director,  but such liability may be
imposed (i) for any breach of the director's  duty of loyalty to the Corporation
or its  stockholders;  (ii) for  acts or  omissions  not in good  faith or which
involve  intentional  misconduct  or a knowing  violation  of law;  (iii)  under
Section 174 of Title 8 of the Delaware  Code; or (iv) for any  transaction  from
which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

         Section 8. (A) The Corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a
party  or is  threatened  to be  made a  party  to any  threatened,  pending  or
completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative  (other than an action by or in the right of the  Corporation)  by
reason of the fact that he is or was a director,  officer,  employee or agent of
the  Corporation,  or is or was serving at the request of the  Corporation  as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,  partnership, joint
venture,  trust or other  enterprise,  against  expenses  (including  attorney's
fees),  judgments,  fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by him in connection  with such action,  suit or proceeding if he acted
in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in and not opposed to
the best interest of the  Corporation,  and, with respect to any criminal action
or proceeding,  had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The
termination of any action,  suit or proceeding by judgment,  order,  settlement,
conviction,  or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent,  shall not, of
                               ---- ----------
itself,  create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a
manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest
of the Corporation,  and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had
reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

                  (B) The  Corporation  may indemnify any person who was or is a
party  or is  threatened  to be  made a  party  to any  threatened,  pending  or
completed  action or suit by or in the  right of the  Corporation  to  procure a
judgment  in its  favor  by  reason  of the fact  that he is or was a  director,
officer,  employee  or agent of the  Corporation,  or is or was  serving  at the
request of the Corporation as a director,  officer, employee or agent of another
corporation,  partnership,  joint venture,  trust or other  enterprise,  against
expenses (including  attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in
connection  with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in
good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the
best interests of the  Corporation and except that no  indemnification  shall be
made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have
been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that
the court of equity or the court in which such action or suit was brought  shall
determine upon  application  that,  despite the adjudication of liability but in
view of all the  circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably
entitled to indemnity for such expenses  which the court of equity or such other
court shall deem proper.

                  (C) To the extent that a director,  officer, employee or agent
of the  Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of
any action,  suit or proceeding  referred to in subsections  (A) and (B) of this
Section Eight or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter therein,  he shall
be  indemnified  against  expenses  (including  attorneys'  fees)  actually  and
reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith.

                  (D) Any indemnification  under subsections (A) and (B) of this
Section Eight (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation  only
as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that  indemnification of
the director,  officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because
he has met the applicable  standard of conduct set forth in subsections  (A) and
(B).  Such  determination  shall be made  (l) by the  board  of  directors  by a
majority  vote of a quorum  consisting of directors who were not parties to such
action, suit or proceeding, or (2) if such a quorum is not obtainable,  or, even
if obtainable a quorum of the disinterested directors so directs, by independent
legal counsel in a written opinion or (3) by the stockholders.



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                  (E) Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action,
suit or  proceeding  may be paid by the  Corporation  in  advance  of the  final
disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by
or on behalf of the director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if
it shall  ultimately be determined  that he is entitled to be indemnified by the
Corporation as authorized in this Section Eight.

                  (F) The  indemnification  and advancement of expenses provided
by or granted  pursuant to this Section  Eight shall not be deemed  exclusive of
any other  rights to which  those  seeking  indemnification  or  advancement  of
expenses may be entitled under any statute,  agreement,  vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity
and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

                  (G) The  indemnification  and advancement of expenses provided
by, or granted pursuant to, this Section Eight shall,  unless otherwise provided
when  authorized  or  ratified,  continue  as to a person who has ceased to be a
director,  officer,  employee  or agent and shall  inure to the  benefit  of the
heirs, executors and administrators of such person.

                  (H) The Corporation  shall have power to purchase and maintain
insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation
as a director,  officer, employee or agent of another corporation,  partnership,
joint venture,  trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against
him and  incurred by him in any such  capacity,  or arising out of his status as
such,  whether  or not the  Corporation  would have the power to  indemnify  him
against such liability under the provisions of this Section Eight.


                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                   AMENDMENTS

         Section 1. These  by-laws  may be  altered,  amended or repealed or new
by-laws may be adopted by the  stockholders  or by the board of directors,  when
such  power is  conferred  upon the board of  directors  by the  certificate  of
incorporation  at any  regular  meeting of the  stockholders  or of the board of
directors  or at any  special  meeting  of the  stockholders  or of the board of
directors  if notice of such  alteration,  amendment,  repeal or adoption of new
by-laws be  contained  in the notice of such  special  meeting.  If the power to
adopt,  amend or repeal  by-laws is conferred upon the board of directors by the
certificate  of  incorporation  it shall  not  divest  or limit the power of the
stockholders to adopt, amend or repeal by-laws.




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