As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 1997
Registration No. 333-__________
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
LIFE FINANCIAL CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its certificate of incorporation)
DELAWARE 6035 Applied for
(State or other jurisdiction (Primary Standard Industrial -----------
incorporation or organization) Classification Code (IRS Employer Identification No.)
Number)
4115 Tigris Way
Riverside, California 92503
(800) 448-2265
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)
Daniel L. Perl
President and Chief Executive Officer
Life Financial Corp.
4115 Tigris Way
Riverside, California 92503
(800) 448-2265
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Joseph G. Passaic, Jr., Esquire Paul H. Irving, Esquire
Mary M. Sjoquist, Esquire Allen Z. Sussman, Esquire
Geoffrey W. Ryan, Esquire Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP
Muldoon, Murphy & Faucette 11355 West Olympic Boulevard
5101 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W. Los Angeles, California 90064
Washington, D.C. 20016 (312) 312-4000
(202) 362-0840
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO PUBLIC: As soon as
practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, check the following box. [_]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [_]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [_]
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
===============================================================================================================
Proposed Maximum Proposed Maximum
Title of each Class of Amount to Offering Price Aggregate Offering Registration
Securities to be Registered be Registered (1) Per Share Price (2) Fee
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common Stock 6,086,716
$.01 par Value Shares $9.00 $54,780,444 $16,601
===============================================================================================================
(1) Includes 3,211,716 shares to be issued in exchange for the 1,070,572
outstanding shares of Common Stock of Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings
Bank ("Life Savings"). In accordance with Rule 457(f) of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended, the registration fee has been calculated on the basis
of the estimated market value of the number of shares of common stock of
Life Savings to be exchanged for shares of Life Financial Corp.
(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES
AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE
A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT
SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(A) OF THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SECTION 8(A), MAY
DETERMINE.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A +
+REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE +
+SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY +
+OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES+
+EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE +
+SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE SECURITIES
+IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE UNLAWFUL PRIOR+
+TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY SUCH STATE. +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED , 1997
--------- ----
5,711,716 Shares
LIFE FINANCIAL CORP.
COMMON STOCK
Life Financial Corp. (the "Company" or "Life Financial"), a Delaware
corporation, is hereby offering (the "Public Offering") 2,500,000 shares of its
common stock, par value $.01 per share (the "Common Stock"). In addition, the
Company is hereby offering (the "Exchange Share Offering") 3,211,716 shares of
its Common Stock in connection with the reorganization of Life Savings Bank,
Federal Savings Bank (the "Bank"), as a result of which (i) each outstanding
share of the Bank's common stock will be converted into the right to receive
three shares of the Common Stock of the Company and (ii) the Bank is expected to
become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Life Financial Corp. (the "Reorganization").
The Public Offering and the Exchange Share Offering are collectively referred to
herein as the "Offerings." The Company has applied for quotation of its Common
Stock on the National Market System of the Nasdaq Stock Market, subject to
notice of issuance, under the symbol "LFCO." It is currently estimated that the
price of the Common Stock to be sold in the Public Offering will be between
$7.00 and $9.00 per share.
The Underwriters have reserved _______ shares of Common Stock offered in
the Public Offering for sale at the initial public offering price to directors,
officers and employees of the Company and the Bank and to certain other persons.
THE COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE
RISK FACTORS AT PAGES ____ TO ____ FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN FACTORS THAT
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BY EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR.
THE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY ARE NOT SAVINGS ACCOUNTS OR
DEPOSITS AND ARE NOT FEDERALLY INSURED OR GUARANTEED.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION (THE "COMMISSION"), THE OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION
("OTS"), OR ANY OTHER FEDERAL AGENCY OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION, NOR HAS
THE COMMISSION, THE OTS OR ANY OTHER AGENCY OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION
PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO
THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
==============================================================================================
Underwriting Discounts Proceeds to the
Price to Public and Commissions (1) Company (2)
==============================================================================================
Per Share........... $ $ $
------- ------ -------
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (3)........... $ $ $
------- ------ -------
==============================================================================================
(1) See "Underwriting" for information concerning indemnification of the
Underwriters and other matters.
(2) Before deducting expenses of the Offering payable by the Company
estimated to be $________ .
(3) The Company has granted the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up
to 375,000 additional shares of Common Stock solely to
cover overallotments, if any. To the extent that the option is
exercised, the Underwriters will offer the additional shares of Common
Stock at the Price to Public shown above. If the option is exercised in
full, the total Price to Public, Underwriting Discounts and Commissions
and Proceeds to the Company will be $________, $______, and $________,
respectively. See "Underwriting."
The Common Stock offered by the Underwriters in the Public Offering is
subject to prior sale, when, as and if delivered to and accepted by the
Underwriters, and subject to their right to withdraw, modify, correct and reject
orders in whole or in part. It is expected that delivery of the certificates
representing such shares of Common Stock will be made against payment therefor
at the offices of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc., Arlington, Virginia
("FBR"), in book entry form, or through the facilities of the Depository Trust
Company on or about March __, 1997.
-----------------------------------------------
FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY & CO., INC.
The date of this Prospectus is , 1997
-------- ----
IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, THE UNDERWRITER MAY OVER-ALLOT OR
EFFECT TRANSACTIONS WHICH STABILIZE OR MAINTAIN THE MARKET PRICE OF THE COMMON
STOCK AT A LEVEL ABOVE THAT WHICH MIGHT OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN THE OPEN MARKET.
SUCH TRANSACTIONS MAY BE EFFECTED ON THE NATIONAL MARKET SYSTEM OF THE NASDAQ
STOCK MARKET OR OTHERWISE. SUCH STABILIZING, IF COMMENCED, MAY BE DISCONTINUED
AT ANY TIME.
2
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
THE FOLLOWING SUMMARY IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY THE MORE DETAILED
INFORMATION AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES THERETO APPEARING ELSEWHERE IN
THIS PROSPECTUS. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, ALL INFORMATION IN THIS
PROSPECTUS ASSUMES NO EXERCISE OF THE UNDERWRITER'S OVER-ALLOTMENT OPTION. SEE
"UNDERWRITING." THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS GIVES EFFECT TO THE
REORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY, PURSUANT TO WHICH (i) THE BANK'S STOCKHOLDERS
WILL BE ENTITLED TO RECEIVE THREE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OF THE COMPANY IN
EXCHANGE FOR EACH SHARE OF COMMON STOCK OF THE BANK AND (ii) THE BANK IS
EXPECTED TO BECOME A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF THE COMPANY (THE
"REORGANIZATION"). UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED, ALL PER SHARE INFORMATION OF THE
BANK HAS BEEN ADJUSTED TO REFLECT 3,211,716 SHARES OUTSTANDING, THE MAXIMUM
NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMPANY STOCK PROPOSED TO BE EXCHANGED FOR SHARES OF BANK
STOCK IN THE EXCHANGE SHARE OFFERING. UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED ALL REFERENCES
TO THE COMPANY SHALL BE DEEMED TO INCLUDE THE COMPANY AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES.
THIS PROSPECTUS CONTAINS CERTAIN STATEMENTS OF A FORWARD-LOOKING NATURE
RELATING TO FUTURE EVENTS OR THE FUTURE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY.
PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF THE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY ARE
CAUTIONED THAT SUCH STATEMENTS ARE ONLY PREDICTIONS AND THAT ACTUAL EVENTS OR
RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY. IN EVALUATING SUCH STATEMENTS, PROSPECTIVE
PURCHASERS OF THE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK SHOULD SPECIFICALLY CONSIDER THE
VARIOUS FACTORS IDENTIFIED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, INCLUDING THE MATTERS SET FORTH
UNDER "RISK FACTORS," WHICH WOULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM
THOSE INDICATED BY SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS.
The Company originates, purchases, sells and services non-conventional
mortgage loans principally secured by first and second mortgages on one- to
four-family residences. The Company focuses on loans for the purchase or
refinancing of residential real property by borrowers who, because of prior
credit problems or the absence of a credit history, are considered "sub-prime
borrowers" and on other non-conforming loans. (Such loans are called Liberator
Series loans and may sometimes hereinafter be referred to as such.) The Company
also originates debt consolidation loans for borrowers who qualify for Federal
National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") and Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation ("FHLMC") loans ("Agency Qualified borrowers"). (Such loans are
called "Portfolio Series" loans and may sometimes hereinafter be referred to as
such.) The Company purchases and originates mortgage loans and other real estate
secured loans through a network of approved correspondents and mortgage brokers
on a nationwide basis, as well as through the Bank's Retail Lending Division. No
correspondent or mortgage banker accounted for more than 1.0% of 1996 volume.
Since 1994, loans originated or purchased are generally originated for sale in
the secondary mortgage market or in asset securitizations. The Company generally
retains the majority of the servicing rights to the loans sold or securitized
and may sell servicing rights at a later date depending on market opportunities.
In addition, the Company purchases and originates for resale in the secondary
market, smaller real estate and multi-family mortgage loans.
Management believes that the Company's competitive strengths include an
extensive network of loan brokers with which the Company has had prior
experience and repeat business, its efficient loan processing operations which
provide prompt, responsive service, its underwriting process and a diversified
network of investors to which the Company can sell loans in the secondary
mortgage market. Total loan production, including loans purchased and
originated, increased from $72.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1994,
to $134.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1995, and were $148.4 million
for the nine months ended September 30, 1996. The Company plans to continue to
increase its lending operations through additional loan office expansion,
greater penetration in its existing markets and loan acquisitions. During the
fourth quarter of 1996, the Company securitized $51.9 million of loans. This was
the first loan securitization completed by the Company, which recorded a gain on
sale of approximately $4.2 million (the "Securitization"). The Company currently
contemplates that a significant component of its business strategy will be to
generate revenue and net income through future asset securitizations and intends
to conduct securitizations at a rate of one per quarter, although there can be
no assurance that it will be able to do so successfully. Management believes
that securitizations represent an efficient, timely and profitable means of
maximizing returns to the Company from its operations. See "Risk Factors Risks
Related to Asset Securitizations" and "Business of the Company - Lending
Activities - Loan Sales and Asset Securitizations."
3
Historically, all operations have been conducted through the Bank. The
Company, pending applicable licensing and regulatory approvals, intends to
conduct its operations through the following operating entities in order to
maximize its operating flexibility and efficiency.
Life Financial Corp.
Bank Warehouse Life Investment
Subsidiary Holdings, Inc.
Life Income Life Asset
Life Financial Capital Management,
Services, Inc. Services, Inc. Inc.
. Life Financial Services, Inc. ("Life Financial Services") will continue
the wholesale one- to four-family loan originations previously conducted
by the Bank. The Company intends to conduct asset securitizations at a
rate of one per quarter and, in the future, plans to transfer this
subsidiary directly to the Company. There can be no assurance, however,
that any asset securitizations will be completed in the future. See
"Business of the Bank - Lending Activities - Underwriting."
. Life Income Capital Services, Inc. ("Life Income Capital") will continue
the nationwide origination of multi-family and commercial real estate
loans previously conducted by the Bank. Although there can be no
assurances in this regard, management intends to expand the operations
of this subsidiary and expects its operations to create a major source
of revenue for the Company.
. Life Asset Management, Inc. ("Life Asset Management") is being
established as a direct subsidiary of the Bank to continue to service
loans and real estate owned ("REO") for both the Bank and for purchasers
of loans. At September 30, 1996, the Bank's mortgage servicing portfolio
totalled $186.3 million, including $123.4 million of loans serviced for
others.
. The Bank will continue to operate the Retail Lending Division and the
Banking Depository Division. In addition, as part of its liquidity and
investment portfolios, the Bank will continue to hold investments in
U.S. government and agency securities.
. Life Investment Holdings, Inc. ("Life Investment") will hold residuals
and other related assets (the "Residuals") resulting from the Company's
asset securitization activities. Immediately upon the completion of the
Offerings, the corporation will acquire $7.3 million of Residuals
resulting from the Securitization completed in the fourth quarter of
1996. It is intended that any future Residuals retained by the Company
will be held by this subsidiary.
. Upon the completion of the Offerings, the Company intends to acquire or
establish a subsidiary to provide warehouse lines of credit to meet the
cash flow needs of smaller loan originators on a short-term basis,
which it is expected will in turn create additional sources of loans
for the Company to purchase and securitize.
4
The Company was incorporated in Delaware in 1996. The Company's
principal executive offices are located at 4110 Tigris Way, Riverside,
California 92503 and it's telephone number is (909) 280-5100. In
addition to its executive offices, the Company conducts its business
from the Bank's home office in San Bernardino, California, a mortgage
financing office in Riverside, California, a loan center in
Jacksonville, Florida and a recently established loan center in the
Denver, Colorado metropolitan area.
5
THE OFFERING
Common Stock offered in the
Exchange Share Offering............ 3,211,716 shares
Common Stock offered in the
Public Offering(1)(2).............. 2,500,000 shares
Common Stock to be Outstanding
after the Offerings (1)(2)......... 5,711,716 shares
Dividend Policy.................... The Company intends to retain its
earnings to support its future growth
strategy and does not anticipate paying
cash dividends on the Common Stock in
the foreseeable future. See "Dividend
Policy."
Use of Proceeds.................... Net Proceeds will be used to (i) acquire
$7.3 million of Residuals from the Bank;
(ii) acquire an interest in or establish
a subsidiary for the purpose of
providing short term warehouse lines of
credit; (iii) downstream proceeds to the
Bank as necessary to fund additional
purchases of loans; and (iv) fund
general business activities, including
possible acquisitions of related
businesses as opportunities arise. See
"Use of Proceeds."
Dilution........................... Upon completion of the Offerings, there
will be an immediate dilution of the net
tangible book value per share of Common
Stock of $3.48 per share based on the
offering price of $8.00 per share, the
midpoint of the range of the proposed
Offerings. See "Dilution."
Reserved Nasdaq National Market
Symbol............................. "LFCO"
- ------------------
(1) Assumes no exercise of the Underwriters' overallotment option of 375,000
shares. See "Underwriting."
(2) Does not include 571,172 shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the 1996
Incentive Plan. See "The Board of Directors and Management of the
Bank - Stock Option Plan."
6
SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA OF THE BANK
The selected financial and other data of the Bank, the primary operating
subsidiary of the Company from and after the effective date of the
Reorganization, at or for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1992
and 1991 and at or for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 and 1995, set
forth below is derived in part from, and should be read in conjunction with, the
Financial Statements of the Bank and Notes thereto for the years ended December
31, 1995, 1994 and 1993 presented elsewhere in this Prospectus. Financial
information at September 30, 1996 and for the nine month periods ended September
30, 1996 and 1995 is derived from unaudited financial data, but in the opinion
of management, reflects all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring
adjustments) which are necessary to present fairly the results for such interim
periods. Interim results at and for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 are
not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year
ended December 31, 1996. The Bank did not pay any cash dividends in any of the
periods set forth.
At
September 30, At December 31,
-------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991
-------------- ----------- ------------ ------------- ------------- -------------
Selected Balance Sheet Data: (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Total assets........................ $84,398 $74,136 $71,402 $78,259 $78,796 $74,696
Securities held-to-maturity and
FHLB stock........................ 812 2,700 2,860 3,883 4,829 4,816
Loans held for sale, net............ 24,907 21,688 17,097 2,345 4,497 3,652
Loans held for investment........... 36,422 40,516 46,248 63,948 60,567 58,238
Allowance for estimated loan losses. 1,028 1,177 832 436 308 304
Deposit accounts.................... 73,326 67,535 65,689 72,008 71,719 69,268
FHLB advances....................... - - 1,250 1,200 2,000 -
Stockholders' equity................ 7,936 4,268 3,748 4,419 4,326 3,964
Book value per share (pro forma)(1). 2.47 1.33 1.17 1.38 1.35 1.23
For the Nine
Months Ended
September 30, For the Year Ended December 31,
------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991
------------ ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ ----------
Selected Operating Data: (Dollars in thousands except per share data)
Interest income..................... $4,922 $4,176 $5,825 $4,824 $5,445 $6,143 $7,129
Interest expense.................... 2,699 2,526 3,448 2,721 3,045 3,687 5,015
------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- -----
Net interest income............. 2,223 1,650 2,377 2,103 2,400 2,456 2,114
Provision for estimated loan losses. 359 835 1,194 1,306 404 129 135
------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- -----
Net interest income after
provision for estimated loan
losses....................... 1,864 815 1,183 797 1,996 2,327 1,979
Non-interest income................. 4,264 2,804 4,020 1,688 1,397 1,732 1,260
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and benefits(2).... 3,206 1,838 2,544 1,575 1,403 1,426 1,148
(Gain) loss on foreclosed real
estate, net................... 171 137 53 280 228 78 (8)
SAIF Special Assessment......... 448 -- -- -- -- -- --
Other expense................... 1,993 1,207 1,792 1,601 1,562 2,045 1,495
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----- -----
Total non-interest expense...... 5,818 3,182 4,389 3,456 3,193 3,549 2,635
Income (loss) before income tax
provision (benefit).............. 310 437 814 (971) 200 510 604
Income tax provision (benefit)...... 142 232 294 (300) 107 148 247
------ ------ ------ ------- ------ ----- -----
Net income (loss)................... $168 $205 $ 520 $ (671) $ 93 $ 362 $ 357
==== ==== ====== ======= ====== ====== ======
Earnings per share (pro forma)(1)... $0.05 $0.06 $0.16 $(0.21) $0.03 $0.11 $0.11
===== ===== ===== ======= ===== ===== =====
(continued on following page)
7
At or For the Nine
Months Ended At or For the Year Ended
September 30, December 31,
------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991
---------- ----------- --------- --------- --------- ---------- -----------
Selected Financial Ratios and Other (Dollars in thousands)
Data(2):
Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets(3)............. 0.27% 0.37% 0.69% (0.89)% 0.12% 0.46% 0.48%
Return on average equity(3)............. 3.87 7.29 13.64 (17.01) 2.11 8.92 9.39
Average equity to average assets........ 7.05 5.03 5.04 5.22 5.51 5.17 5.13
Equity to total assets at end of period. 9.40 5.34 5.76 5.25 5.65 5.49 5.31
Average interest rate spread(4)......... 3.59 2.87 3.05 2.77 3.02 3.04 3.16
Net interest margin(5).................. 3.80 3.03 3.23 2.87 3.14 4.29 4.51
Average interest-earning assets to
average interest-bearing liabilities. 104.59 103.58 103.99 102.64 103.08 103.64 103.25
Efficiency Ratio(6)..................... 87.05 68.37 67.78 83.78 78.09 82.88 78.33
Loan Originations and Purchases............. $148,389 $96,869 $134,772 $72,815 $82,015 $90,870 $81,993
Regulatory Capital Ratios(7):
Tangible capital........................ 9.40% 5.25% 5.68% 5.25% 5.65% 5.49% 4.97%
Core capital............................ 9.40 5.25 5.68 5.25 5.65 5.49 4.97
Risk-based capital...................... 16.06 9.81 10.17 10.00 10.87 10.56 9.01
Asset Quality Ratios:
Non-performing assets as a percent of
total assets(8)...................... 3.36% 3.54% 3.00% 3.42% 5.05% 4.15% 2.05%
Allowance for estimated loan losses as a
percent of non-performing loans(8)... 55.66 61.95 84.25 44.04 20.02 16.28 24.17
- ---------------------------------------
(1) Book value per share (pro forma) and earnings per share (pro forma) are,
for all periods, based upon 3,211,716 shares outstanding, the maximum
number of shares of Company Common Stock proposed to be exchanged for
shares of Bank common stock in the Reorganization.
(2) Asset Quality Ratios and Regulatory Capital Ratios are end of period
ratios. With the exception of end of period ratios, all ratios are based
on average closing or average monthly balances during the indicated
periods and are annualized where appropriate.
(3) The Bank incurred a non-recurring expense for compensation and benefits
of $354,000 in the quarter ended June 30, 1996. The non-recurring expense
for compensation and benefits is an accrual of the present value of a
portion of the future payments due pursuant to a consultation agreement
entered into with a former officer of the Bank. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations."
(4) The average interest rate spread represents the difference between the
weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted
average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) The net interest margin represents net interest income as a percent of
average interest-earning assets.
(6) The efficiency ratio represents noninterest expense less gain (loss) on
foreclosed real estate divided by noninterest income plus net interest
income before provision for estimated loan losses.
(7) For definitions and further information relating to the Bank's regulatory
capital requirements, see "Regulation - Federal Savings Institution
Regulation - Capital Requirements." See "Capitalization" for the
Company's pro forma capital levels as a result of the Offerings.
(8) Non-performing assets consist of non-performing loans and REO. See
"Business of the Company - Lending Activities - Non-Accrual and Past Due
Loans" and "- REO."
8
QUARTERLY OPERATING AND OTHER DATA OF THE BANK
Financial information of the Bank at March 31, June 30, and September
30, 1996, and for the quarters ended at such dates is derived from unaudited
financial data, but in the opinion of management, reflects all adjustments
(consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) which are necessary to present
fairly the results of such interim periods. Interim results at or for the three
months ended March 31, June 30 and September 30, 1996, are not necessarily
indicative of the results for the year ended December 31, 1996.
At or For the Quarter Ended
-----------------------------------------------------------
March 31, June 30, September 30,
1996 1996 1996
----------------- ------------------ ----------------
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Selected Operating Data:
Interest income................................. $1,662 $1,691 $1,569
Interest expense................................ 929 926 844
----- ----- -----
Net interest income......................... 733 765 725
Provision for estimated loan losses............. 68 40 251
----- ----- -----
Net interest income after provision
for estimated loan losses................. 665 725 474
Non-interest income............................. 1,040 1,432 1,791
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and benefits(1)................ 814 1,337 1,056
(Gain) loss on foreclosed real estate, net.. 91 9 71
SAIF Special Assessment..................... -- -- 448
Other expense............................... 616 704 671
----- ----- ------
Total non-interest expense.................. 1,521 2,050 2,246
------ ------ ------
Income (loss) before income tax provision....... 184 107 19
Income tax provision (benefit).................. 79 46 17
----- ----- -----
Net income (loss)............................... $ 105 $ 61 $ 2
====== ======= ========
Earnings per share (pro forma)(2)............... $0.03 $0.02 $0.00
===== ===== =====
Selected Financial Ratios and Other
Data(2)(3):
Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets(2)................. 0.48% 0.29% 0.01%
Return on average equity(2)................. 9.73 5.44 0.12
Average equity to average assets............ 4.95 5.33 8.42
Equity to total assets at end of period..... 5.04 5.62 9.40
Average interest rate spread(4)............. 3.43 3.63 3.75
Net interest margin(5)...................... 3.67 3.82 3.95
Average interest-earning assets to
average interest-bearing liabilities..... 105.45 104.04 104.30
Efficiency Ratio(6)......................... 81.83 93.16 89.34
Loan Originations and Purchases................. $50,928 $52,925 $44,536
Regulatory Capital Ratios(7):
Tangible capital............................ 4.99% 5.62% 9.40%
Core capital................................ 4.99 5.62 9.40
Risk-based capital.......................... 8.91 9.82 16.06
Asset Quality Ratios:
Non-performing assets as a percent
of total assets........................... 3.69% 3.59% 3.36%
Allowance for estimated loan losses as
a percent of non-performing loans(9)...... 52.65 66.06 55.66
- ------------------------
(1) The Bank incurred a non-recurring expense for compensation and benefits
of $354,000 in the quarter ended June 30, 1996. The non-recurring expense
for compensation and benefits is an accrual of the present value of a
portion of the future payments due pursuant to a consultation agreement
entered into with a former officer of the Bank. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations."
(2) Earnings per share (pro forma) are, for all periods, based upon 3,211,716
shares outstanding, the maximum number of shares of Company Common Stock
proposed to be exchanged for shares of Bank common stock in the
Registration.
(3) Asset Quality Ratios and Regulatory Capital Ratios are end of period
ratios. With the exception of end of period ratios, all ratios are based on
average closing or average monthly balances during the indicated periods
and are annualized where appropriate.
(4) The average interest rate spread represents the difference between the
weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted
average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) The net interest margin represents net interest income as a percent of
average interest-earning assets.
(6) The efficiency ratio represents noninterest expense less gain (loss) on
foreclosed real estate divided by noninterest income plus net interest
income before provision for estimated loan losses.
(7) For definitions and further information relating to the Bank's regulatory
capital requirements, see "Regulation - Federal Savings Institution
Regulation - Capital Requirements." See "Capitalization" for the
Company's pro forma capital levels as a result of the Offerings.
(8) Non-performing assets consist of non-performing loans and REO. See
"Business of the Company - Lending Activities - Non-Accrual and Past Due
Loans" and "- REO."
9
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
During the quarter ended December 31, 1996, the Company created its first
Securitization of $51.9 million of Liberator Series and Portfolio Series loans.
The issuance titled, Life Financial Services Trust 1996-1 (the "Trust"), offered
Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 1996-1, which consisted of one class
of Certificates bearing interest at a rate equal to 6.95% per annum. The
Certificates had a certificate insurance policy issued by MBIA Insurance
Corporation, and were sold through Prudential Securities Incorporated.
The mortgage loans included in the Trust were fixed-rate, closed-end,
monthly pay, generally fully amortizing, residential home equity loans with
original terms to stated maturity ranging from 144 months to 360 months. The
weighted average yield on the mortgages was 13.32%. As a result of the
Securitization, the Company generated a gain on sale of $4.2 million.
Assumptions used in valuing the residual asset include a 17% Home Equity Payment
(an estimation of prepayment speed), a 13.5% discount factor and a loss factor
of 1.5%. Servicing fees retained as part of the transaction will be 0.50% for
the initial six months, after which they will be 1.00%. Over-collateralization
was in the form of a cash deposit, in the amount of $1.6 million. The excess
interest received, which equals the difference between the coupon rate on the
mortgages and the coupon rate on the bonds less servicing and other costs, net
of losses, will be added to the cash deposit until such deposit equals 9.00% of
the remaining balance of the amount of loans securitized.
The Company currently intends to conduct asset securitizations at a rate of
one per quarter either through private placements or public offerings. The Bank
expects to securitize a portfolio of residential and consumer loans during the
first quarter of 1997. There can be no assurance the Company will be able to
successfully implement this strategy.
In addition, during the quarter ended December 31, 1996, the Company
acquired a lease on a property in the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area out of
which it intends to operate a loan center. The Company also acquired the
Riverside property by exercising its lease option at a price of $375,000.
RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in
this Prospectus, should be considered by investors in deciding whether to
purchase the Common Stock offered hereby.
Ability of the Company to Implement its Business Strategy
The Company's business strategy is dependent upon its ability to increase
its loan origination volume through the nationwide growth of its network of
correspondents and brokers, while maintaining its existing levels of origination
costs, interest rate spreads and underwriting criteria. Implementation of this
strategy will depend in large part on the Company's ability to: (i) expand its
correspondent network in markets with a sufficient concentration of borrowers
meeting the Company's underwriting criteria; (ii) obtain adequate financing on
favorable terms to fund its growth strategy; (iii) profitably sell its loans in
the secondary market or through asset securitizations on a regular basis; (iv)
retain skilled employees; and (v) continue to expand in the face of increasing
competition from other mortgage lenders. The Company's failure with respect to
any of these factors could impair its ability to successfully implement its
strategy which would have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of
operations and financial condition. See "Business of the Company - Lending
Activities."
Risks Associated with Mortgage Origination, Purchase and Sale Activities
The Company has been actively involved in the origination, purchase and
sale, to institutional investors, of real estate secured loans and, more
recently, in asset securitizations. Generally, the profitability of such
mortgage financing operations depends on maintaining a sufficient volume of
loans for sale and the availability of purchasers. Changes in the level of
interest rates and economic factors may affect the amount of loans originated or
available for purchase by the Company, and thus the availability of gains on
sale of loans and servicing fee income. Changes in the purchasing policies of
institutional investors or increases in defaults after funding could
substantially reduce the amount of loans sold to such investors or through asset
securitizations. Any such changes could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's results of operations and financial condition. Although the Company
does not
10
currently utilize any specific hedging instruments to minimize exposure
to fluctuations in the market price of loans and interest rates with regard to
loans held for sale in the secondary mortgage market, management intends to
implement such hedging in the near future. Therefore, between the time the
Company originates loans and purchase commitments are issued or asset
securitizations are completed, the Company is exposed to downward movements in
the market price of such loans due to upward movements in interest rates. See
"Business of the Company - Lending Activities - Origination and Purchase of
Loans" and "-Loan Sales and Asset Securitizations" and "-Sources of Funds."
Dependence on Asset Securitizations and Impact on Quarterly Operating Results
During the fourth quarter of 1996, the Bank, through its Financial Services
Division, completed its first asset securitization, which involved $51.9 million
of loans and which generated gains of approximately $4.2 million. A
significant component of the Company's business strategy is to generate revenue
and net income and provide funding for future originations and purchases of
loans through asset securitizations at the rate of one per quarter. There can
be no assurance, however, that the Company will be able to successfully
implement this approach. Several factors will affect the Company's ability to
complete asset securitizations, including conditions in the securities markets
generally and in the asset-backed securities markets specifically, the credit
quality of the Company's loan portfolio and the Company's ability to obtain
credit enhancements. Although the Company obtained a credit enhancement in the
Securitization completed during the fourth quarter of 1996 which facilitated a
"AAA" rating for the Securitization interests, there can be no assurance that
the Company will be able to obtain future credit enhancements on acceptable
terms or that future securitizations will be similarly rated. Any substantial
reduction in the ability of the Company to complete asset securitizations could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and
financial condition.
The Company's future revenues and net income are expected to fluctuate in
large part as a result of the timing and size of its future asset
securitizations. A delay in closing a securitization during a particular
quarter would postpone recognition of gain on sale of loans. In addition,
unanticipated delays in closing a securitization could also increase the
Company's exposure to credit risks and interest rate fluctuations by increasing
the period during which the Company holds its loans. If the Company were unable
to profitably securitize a sufficient number of its loans in a particular
reporting period, the Company's revenues for such period would decline and would
result in lower net income and possibly a net loss for such period, and could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, financial
condition and capital ratios. The Company records gains on sales of loans
through securitization based in part on the fair value of the Residuals received
by the Company related to such loans, which are classified as trading
securities. The fair values of such Residuals are in turn based in part on
market interest rates and projected loan prepayment and credit loss rates.
Increases in interest rates or higher than anticipated rates of loan prepayments
or credit losses of these or similar securities may require the Company to write
down the value of such Residuals and result in a material adverse effect on the
Company's results of operations and financial condition. The Company is not
aware of an active market for the Residuals. No assurance can be given that the
Residuals could in fact be sold at their carrying value, if at all. See
"Business of the Company - Loan Sales and Asset Securitizations."
Risks Associated With Sub-Prime Lending
Through its Liberator Series program, the Company has developed a lending
niche for the origination and purchase of mortgage loans to sub-prime borrowers,
defined as borrowers who do not qualify for credit under FNMA, Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") or FHLMC guidelines. (Borrowers who do
qualify are referred to hereinafter as "Agency Qualified" borrowers.) Loans to
sub-prime borrowers present a higher level of risk of default than conforming
loans because of the increased potential for default by borrowers who may have
had previous credit problems or who do not have any credit history. Loans to
sub-prime borrowers also involve additional liquidity risks, as these loans
generally have a more limited secondary market than conventional loans. The
actual rates of delinquencies, foreclosures and losses on loans to sub-prime
borrowers could be higher under adverse economic conditions than those currently
experienced in the mortgage lending industry in general. While the Company
believes that the underwriting procedures and appraisal processes it employs
enable it to somewhat mitigate the higher risks inherent in loans made to these
borrowers, no assurance can be given that such procedures or processes will
afford adequate protection against such risks. See "Business of the Company -
Lending Activities - Origination and Purchase of Loans" and "- Underwriting."
11
High Loan to Value Ratios of Portfolio Series Loans
Through its Portfolio Series program, the Company originates debt
consolidation loans for Agency Qualified borrowers. Portfolio Series loans are
primarily home equity lines of credit and second deeds of trust generally up to
125% of the appraised value of the real estate underlying the loans. In the
event of a default on a Portfolio Series loan by a borrower, there generally
would be insufficient collateral to pay off the balance of such loan and the
Company, as holder of a second position on the property, would likely lose a
substantial portion, if not all, of its investment. While the Company believes
that the underwriting procedures it employs enable it to somewhat mitigate the
higher risks inherent in such loans, no assurance can be given that such
criteria will afford adequate protection against such risks. During the fourth
quarter of 1996, the Company securitized $51.9 million in loans of which $37.7
million consisted of Portfolio Series loans. Servicing was retained by the
Company on all loans securitized. See "Business of the Company - Lending
Activities - Origination and Purchase of Loans" and " - Underwriting."
Dependence on Key Personnel
The Company depends to a considerable degree on the contributions of a
limited number of key management personnel who have had, and will continue to
have, a significant role in the development and management of the Company's
mortgage financing operations. The continued development of the Company's
business strategy depends to a large extent upon the continued employment of Mr.
Daniel L. Perl, President and Chief Executive Officer of both the Company and
the Bank. Most of the senior management personnel in the mortgage lending area
have had prior working relationships with Mr. Perl prior to joining the Bank.
The loss of such personnel or Mr. Perl could materially adversely affect the
Company's business. The Bank has entered into an interim employment agreement
with Mr. Perl and upon the completion of the Offerings, the Company and the Bank
will each enter into a three year employment agreement with Mr. Perl. See "The
Board of Directors and Management of the Bank - Executive Compensation -
Employment Agreements."
Risks Related to Mortgage Servicing Rights
To determine the fair value of its mortgage servicing rights, the Company
projects net cash flows expected to be received over the life of the underlying
loans. Such projections assume certain servicing costs, prepayment rates and
credit losses. As of September 30, 1996, the fair value of the Company's
mortgage servicing rights totalled $2.0 million, up from $638,000 at December
31, 1995. In addition, the pooling and servicing agreement relating to the
Company's Securitization contains provisions with respect to the maximum
permitted loan delinquency rates and loan default rates, which, if exceeded,
would allow the termination of the Company's right to service the related loans.
The mortgage servicing rights on the loans securitized during the fourth quarter
of 1996 totalled approximately $722,000.
There can be no assurance that the Company's estimates used to determine
the fair value of mortgage servicing rights will remain appropriate for the life
of the loans sold or the Securitization. If actual loan prepayments or credit
losses exceed the Company's estimates, the carrying value of the Company's
mortgage servicing rights may have to be written down through a charge against
earnings. The Company cannot write up such assets to reflect slower than
expected prepayments, although slower prepayments may increase future earnings
as the Company will receive cash flows in excess of those anticipated.
Fluctuations in interest rates may also result in a write-down of the Company's
mortgage servicing rights in subsequent periods.
Competition
As a purchaser and originator of mortgage loans, the Company faces intense
competition, primarily from mortgage banking companies, commercial banks, credit
unions, thrift institutions, credit card issuers and finance companies. Many of
these competitors in the financial services business are substantially larger
and have more capital and other resources than the Company. Furthermore,
certain large national finance companies and conforming mortgage originators
have announced their intention to adapt their conforming origination programs
and allocate resources to the origination of non-conforming loans. In addition,
certain of these larger mortgage companies and commercial banks have begun to
offer products similar to those offered by the Company, targeting customers
similar to those of the Company. The entrance of these competitors into the
Company's market could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results
of operations and financial condition. The Company depends largely on
correspondents and brokers for its purchases and originations of new loans with
whom the Company's competitors
12
also seek to establish relationships. The Company's future results may become
increasingly exposed to fluctuations in the volume and cost of its wholesale
loans resulting from competition from other purchasers for such loans. In
addition, as the Company expands into new geographic markets, it will face
competition from lenders with established positions in these locations. There
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to compete
successfully in the markets it serves. See "Business of the Company - Market
Area and Competition."
Availability of Funding Sources
The Company funds substantially all of the loans which it originates or
purchases through deposits, internally generated funds or FHLB advances. The
Company competes for deposits primarily on the basis of rates, and as a
consequence the Company could experience difficulties in attracting deposits to
fund its operations if the Company does not continue to offer deposit rates at
levels that are competitive with other financial institutions. The Company also
uses the proceeds generated by the Company in selling loans in the secondary
market or pools of loans in asset securitizations to fund subsequent
originations or purchases. On an ongoing basis, the Company explores
opportunities to access credit lines as an additional source of funds and, in
the future, expects to use the warehouse line of credit and/or the repurchase
financing facilities of a national investment banking firm to fund loan
originations. To the extent that the Company is not able to maintain its
currently available funding sources or to access new funding sources, it would
have to curtail its loan production activities or sell loans earlier than is
optimal. Any such event would have a material adverse effect on the Company's
results of operations and financial condition. See "Business of the Company -
Sources of Funds."
Real Estate Secured Risks
As part of its lending strategy, the Company has targeted borrowers seeking
loans secured by multi-family properties or properties used for commercial
business purposes such as small office buildings or light industrial or retail
facilities. Although such loans are generally originated for sale, the Company
anticipates that its multi-family and commercial real estate portfolios will
increase as a percentage of total assets in future periods. Multi-family and
commercial real estate loans are generally considered to involve a higher degree
of credit risk, be more vulnerable to deteriorating economic conditions and
involve higher loan principal amounts than one- to four-family residential
mortgage loans. Income producing property values are also subject to greater
volatility than owner-occupied residential property values. Economic events and
government regulations, which are outside the control of the borrower or lender,
could impact the value of the security for such loans or the future cash flow of
the affected properties. Further, any material decline in real estate values,
such as the declines experienced in southern California in recent years,
generally reduces the ability of borrowers to use home equity to support
borrowings and increases the loan-to-value ratios of loans previously made,
thereby weakening collateral coverage and increasing the possibility of a loss
in the event of a borrower default. Because of the Company's focus on borrowers
who are unable to obtain mortgage financing from conventional mortgage sources,
the actual rates of delinquencies, foreclosures and losses on its loans could be
higher under adverse economic conditions than those currently experienced in the
mortgage lending industry in general.
In addition to its lending activity in the State of California, the Company
has originated or purchased a significant number of one- to four-family
residential mortgage loans on a nationwide basis for sale through its
correspondent and wholesale lending activities. Management believes that
originating and purchasing loans secured by properties located across the
country results in a geographically diversified lending operation which reduces
certain risks associated with loan concentrations in a single area. However,
there are certain other risks involved in nationwide lending. Some of the
properties may be located in states which are experiencing adverse economic
conditions, including a general softening in real estate markets and the local
economies, which may result in increased loan delinquencies and loan losses.
Additionally, regulations and practices regarding the liquidation of properties
(e.g., foreclosure) and the rights of mortgagors in default vary greatly from
state to state, and these restrictions may limit the Company's ability to
foreclose on a property or seek other recovery. See "Business of the Company -
Lending Activities."
13
Potential Impact of Changes in Interest Rates
The Company's profitability is dependent to a certain extent upon its net
interest income, which is the difference between its interest income on
interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and its interest expense
on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Interest rate
caps on the Company's adjustable-rate mortgage ("ARM") loans and the tendency
for changes in COFI, the market index to which many of the Company's ARM loans
are indexed, to lag changes in market interest rates may reduce the Company's
net earnings in a period of rising interest rates. The Company's ability to
originate, purchase and sell loans through its mortgage financing operations is
also significantly impacted by changes in interest rates. Increases in interest
rates may also reduce the amount of loan and commitment fees received by the
Company. A significant decline in interest rates could also decrease the size
of the Company's servicing portfolio and the related servicing income by
increasing the level of loan prepayments. In an effort to control its interest
rate risk the Company has recently been reducing the percentage of loans tied to
COFI and been tying more adjustable-rate mortgage loans to current market
indices, such as the six-month London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or U.S.
Treasury Security indices, which reprice more frequently. Additionally, the
interest rate adjustments with respect to the Company's investment securities
lag rate adjustments to the Company's deposit accounts. Accordingly, the yield
on the Company's investment securities may adjust more slowly than the cost of
the Company's interest-bearing liabilities in a rising interest rate
environment. The Company does not currently utilize any specific hedging
instruments to minimize exposure to fluctuations in the market price of loans
and interest rates with regard to loans held for sale in the secondary mortgage
market or asset securitizations. Therefore, between the time the Company
originates the loans and purchase commitments are issued, the Company is exposed
to downward movements in the market price of such loans due to upward movements
in interest rates. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations - Management of Interest Rate Risk."
Absence of Market for Common Stock
The Company, as a newly organized company, has never issued common stock.
The Company has received conditional approval to have its Common Stock quoted on
the National Market System of the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol "LFCO"
upon completion of the Offerings. However, there can be no assurance that an
active and liquid trading market for the Common Stock will develop, or, once
developed, will continue, nor can there be any assurances that holders of the
Common Stock will be able to sell their shares at or above the price per share
in the Public Offering. The absence or discontinuance of a market for the
Common Stock may have an adverse impact on both the price and liquidity of the
Common Stock. In addition, the stock market has on occasion experienced extreme
price and volume fluctuations. These broad market fluctuations may adversely
affect the market price for the Company's Common Stock. See "Market for the
Common Stock."
Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions
Provisions in the Company's Governing Instruments. Certain provisions of
the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, particularly a provision
limiting voting rights, as well as certain federal regulations, assist the
Company in maintaining its status as an independent publicly owned corporation.
These provisions provide for, among other things, supermajority voting on
certain matters, staggered elections of the boards of directors, non-cumulative
voting for directors, limits on the calling of special meetings, limits on
voting shares in excess of 10% of the outstanding shares, and certain uniform
price provisions for certain business combinations. These provisions in the
Company's governing instruments may discourage potential proxy contests and
other potential takeover attempts, particularly those which have not been
negotiated with the Board of Directors, and thus, generally may serve to
perpetuate current management. For a more detailed discussion of these
provisions, see "Restrictions on Acquisition of the Company.
Voting Control of Officers and Directors. Directors and executive officers
of the Bank currently own approximately 26.4% of the shares of common stock
which, pursuant to the terms of the Reorganization, each share of Common Stock
of the Bank will be exchanged for three shares of Common Stock of the Company.
In addition, directors and executive officers of the Bank and the Company expect
to purchase approximately ______% of the shares of Common Stock to be issued in
the Offering. Options for an additional _______ shares may be attributable to
directors and officers through the Stock Option Plan. Accordingly, management's
potential voting control could, together with additional stockholder support,
defeat stockholder proposals requiring 80% approval of stockholders
14
and will continue to have a significant influence over the affairs of the
Company and the Bank. Such concentration of ownership may have the effect of
delaying, deferring or preventing takeover attempts that certain stockholders
deem to be in their best interest and may tend to perpetuate existing
management. See "Restrictions on Acquisition of the Company and the Bank -
Restrictions in the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws" and
"Management of the Bank - Stock Option Plan."
Employment Agreement. Daniel L. Perl, the President and Chief Executive
Officer, is subject to a letter agreement with the Bank from January 1, 1997
until the consummation of the Offerings. At such time, the Bank and the Company
intend to enter into written employment agreements with Mr. Perl. Such
employment agreements provide for benefits and cash payments in the event of a
change in control of the Company or the Bank. These provisions may have the
effect of increasing the cost of acquiring the Company, thereby discouraging
future attempts to take over the Company or the Bank. See "Management of the
Bank - Employment Agreements." Based on current salary and bonus cash payments
to be paid in the event of a change in control pursuant to the employment
agreements would be approximately $3.2 million. However, the actual amount to
be paid in the event of a change in control of the Company or the Bank cannot be
estimated at this time because the actual amount is based on the average salary
of the employee and other factors existing at the time of the change in control
which cannot be determined at this time.
Financial Institution Regulation and Possible Legislation
The Company, as a savings association holding company, and the Bank, as a
federal savings association, are subject to extensive federal law, regulations
and supervision. Such law and regulations, which affect the Bank on a daily
basis, may be changed at any time, and the interpretation of the relevant law
and regulations is also subject to change by the federal regulatory authorities.
Any change in the regulatory structure or the applicable statutes or
regulations, whether by the OTS, the FDIC or the Congress, could have a material
impact on the Company, the Bank, their respective operations or the
Reorganization. See "Regulation."
Recently enacted legislation provides that the Bank Insurance Fund ("BIF")
and SAIF will merge on January 1, 1999 if there are no more savings associations
as of that date. That legislation also requires that the Department of Treasury
submit a report to Congress that makes recommendations regarding a common
financial institutions charter, including whether the separate charters for
thrifts and banks should be abolished. Various proposals to eliminate the
federal thrift charter, create a uniform financial institutions charter and
abolish the OTS were introduced in the 104th Congress. Such legislative
proposals would also abolish the OTS and transfer its functions to three federal
bank regulators and to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the
"Federal Reserve Board") with respect to the regulation of holding companies.
All state savings and loan associations would be regulated as state banks by the
FDIC. While such legislation was not acted upon by the most recent session of
Congress, no assurances can be made that similar legislation will not be
introduced in the next session of Congress. The Bank is unable to determine the
extent to which such legislation, if enacted, would affect its business.
Recent Federal legislation known as the Riegle Community Development and
Regulatory Improvement Act (the "Riegle Act"), imposed additional regulatory
requirements on mortgage loans having relatively higher origination fees and
interest rates, such as those made by the Bank, and the Bank expects its
business to be the focus of additional federal and state legislation, and
regulation in the future.
Dilution
Upon completion of the Offerings, there will be an immediate dilution to
investors in the Public Offering of the net tangible book value per share of
Common Stock of $3.48 per share based on the mid-point of the range of offering
prices of $8.00 per share. On an as adjusted basis, the offering price is
substantially greater than the effective price at which the existing
stockholders purchased their shares and the effective exercise price of the
outstanding stock options. See "Dilution."
15
No Cash Dividends
Following the Offerings, the Company intends to retain its earnings, if
any, for use in its business and does not anticipate declaring or paying any
cash dividends in the foreseeable future. See "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and
Capital Resources" and "Dividend Policy."
Environmental Risks
In the course of its business, the Company has acquired, and may acquire in
the future, properties securing loans that are in default. There is a risk that
hazardous substances or waste, contaminants, pollutants or sources thereof could
be discovered on such properties after acquisition by the Company. In such
event, the Company may be required by law to remove such substances from the
affected properties at its sole cost and expense. There can be no assurance
that (i) the cost of such removal would not substantially exceed the value of
the affected properties or the loans secured by the properties, (ii) the Company
would have adequate remedies against the prior owner or other responsible
parties or (iii) the Company would not find it difficult or impossible to sell
the affected properties either prior to or following such removal.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to be received by the Company from the sale of 2,500,000
shares of Common Stock offered in the Public Offering (after deducting estimated
expenses and fees to FBR) are estimated to be $17.9 million ($20.7 million, if
the underwriters' overallotment option is exercised in full). Such net
proceeds will be used to (i) acquire Residuals generated by the Bank during the
Securitization in the amount of $7.3 million; (ii) acquire an interest in or
establish a subsidiary for the purpose of providing short term warehouse lines
of credit; (iii) downstream proceeds to the Bank as necessary to fund additional
purchases of loans; and (iv) fund general business activities including possible
acquisitions of related businesses as opportunities arise. However, the Company
has not entered into any arrangement, agreement or understanding with respect to
future acquisitions and there can be no assurance that it will do so in the
future. The Company, upon the Reorganization, will be a unitary savings and
loan holding company, which under existing laws would generally not be
restricted as to the types of business activities in which it may engage,
provided that the Bank continues to be a qualified thrift lender ("QTL"). See
"Regulation -- Holding Company Regulation" for a description of certain
regulations and proposed regulations applicable to the Company.
DIVIDEND POLICY
The Company presently intends to retain all future earnings, if any, for
use in its business and does not anticipate declaring or paying any cash
dividends on its Common Stock in the foreseeable future. In the event that the
Board of Directors does determine to pay dividends in the future, any such
payment will depend upon a number of factors, including investment opportunities
available to the Company or the Bank, capital requirements, regulatory
limitations, the Company's or the Bank's financial condition and results of
operations, tax considerations and general economic conditions. For information
concerning federal regulations regarding the Bank's ability to make capital
distributions to the Company, see "Regulation - Federal Savings Institution
Regulation - Limitation on Capital Distributions."
The Company is subject to the requirements of Delaware law, which generally
limit dividends to an amount equal to the excess of the net assets of the
Company (the amount by which total assets exceed total liabilities) over its
statutory capital, or if there is no such excess, to its net profits for the
current and/or immediately preceding fiscal year. For a discussion of certain
circumstances under which the Company may become subject to certain provisions
of the California Corporation Code, see "Restrictions on Acquisition of the
Company and the Bank--General."
16
MARKET FOR THE COMMON STOCK OF THE COMPANY
The Company was recently formed and has never issued capital stock. The
Company has received conditional approval to have its Common Stock quoted on the
National Market System of the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol "LFCO"
subject to the completion of the Offerings and compliance with certain
conditions including the presence of at least two registered and active market
makers. FBR has indicated its intention to make a market in the Company's Common
Stock. FBR is not obligated, however, to make a market in the Common Stock and
any market making may be discontinued at any time. The Company will seek to
encourage and assist at least one other market maker to make a market in its
Common Stock. Making a market involves maintaining bid and ask quotations and
being able, as principal, to effect transactions in reasonable quantities at
those quoted prices, subject to various securities laws and other regulatory
requirements. There can be no assurance that the Common Stock will be able to
meet the applicable listing criteria in order to maintain its quotation on the
Nasdaq Stock Market or that an active and liquid trading market will develop or,
if developed, will be maintained. A public market having the desirable
characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness, however, depends upon the
presence in the marketplace of both willing buyers and sellers of Common Stock
at any given time, which is not within the control of the Company. No assurance
can be given that an investor will be able to resell the Common Stock at or
above the price to the public of the Common Stock after the Offerings. See "Risk
Factors - Absence of Market for Common Stock."
MARKET FOR THE COMMON STOCK OF THE BANK
There is no established market for the common stock of the Bank. On
January 21, 1997, the last available trading day before the public announcement
of the Reorganization and the Offering, the bid and ask prices for the Bank's
common stock were $9.00 per share and $11.00 per share, respectively, (or $3.00
per share and $3.67 per share as adjusted for the Reorganization) as reported by
FBR. As of January 21, 1997, the Bank's common stock was held by approximately
411 holders of record.
The Bank has not paid cash dividends on its common stock. The Board of
Directors declared a 100% stock dividend to stockholders of record as of
February 28, 1996, payable as of March 31, 1996. For a description of regulatory
restrictions on the payment of cash dividends and other capital distributions by
the Bank, see "Regulation - Federal Savings Institution Regulation - Limitation
on Capital Distributions."
DILUTION
The net tangible pro forma book value of the Common Stock of the Bank
at September 30, 1996, was $2.47 per share. Net tangible book value per share
represents the amount of total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided
by the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. After giving effect to the
Offerings, assuming an initial public offering price of $8.00 per share, the
mid-point of the range of the proposed Offerings and the application of the net
proceeds therefrom, the pro forma net tangible book value of the Company at
September 30, 1996 would have been $25.8 million, or $4.52 per share of Common
Stock. This would represent an immediate increase in net tangible book value per
share of $2.05 to the existing stockholders of the Bank and an immediate
dilution in net tangible book value per share of $3.48 to new investors at the
assumed initial public offering price. The following illustrates this dilution
per share:
Initial public offering price per share.................................. $8.00
Pro forma net tangible book value as of September 30, 1996,
adjusted for the Reorganization..................................... 2.47
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable
to new investors.................................................... 2.05
Pro forma net tangible book value after the Public Offering..............
4.52
-----
Dilution to new investors................................................ $3.48
17
The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis, as of September
30, 1996, the relative investments of the existing stockholders of the Bank and
new investors in the Company, after giving effect to the Offerings at an assumed
price of $8.00 per share:
Shares Purchased Total Consideration
-------------------------- --------------------------- Average Price
Number Percent Amount Percent Per Share
-------------- --------- ------------ ----------- ----------------
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Existing stockholders(1).......... 3,211,716 56.2% $ 9,391 32.0% $2.92
New investors..................... 2,500,000 43.8 20,000 68.0 8.00
--------- ---- ------ ----
Total....................... 5,711,716 100.0% $29,391 100.0%
========= ===== ======= =====
- ---------------------
(1) As adjusted for the three-for-one exchange offer in the Reorganization.
The foregoing tables assume no exercise of the Underwriters'
over-allotment option. If the Underwriter's over-allotment option were exercised
in full, the shares purchased from the Company would increase to 2,875,000
shares (47.2% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding after the Offerings) and
the total consideration paid to the Company by new investors would increase to
$23.0 million (71.0% of the total consideration paid to the Company by all
stockholders).
18
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth the actual capitalization of Bank and the
pro forma capitalization of the Company at September 30, 1996 and the pro forma
capitalization of the Company as adjusted as of that date to give effect to the
Reorganization and the sale by the Company of 2,500,000 shares of Common Stock
at the assumed initial public offering price of $8.00 per share (net of
underwriting discount and estimated expenses and excluding any exercise by the
underwriters of an over-allotment option) offered hereby. The information below
should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and the Notes
thereto which are included elsewhere herein.
At September 30, 1996
---------------------------------------------------------
As Adjusted Based
on Sale of
Bank Pro Forma 2,500,000 Shares at
Actual of Company $8.00 Per Share
------------- ------------ -------------------
(Dollars in Thousands)
Deposits...................................................... $73,326 $73,326 $73,326
======= ======= =======
Common Stock of the Bank, $8.00 stated value.................. $ 8,565 -- --
(10,000,000 shares authorized, 3,211,716 shares
issued and outstanding, as adjusted to reflect
the Reorganization)
Common stock of the Company, $0.01 par value.................. -- 32 57
(25,000,000 shares authorized, 5,711,716 shares
issued and outstanding, as adjusted to reflect
the Reorganization and the Public Offering)
Additional paid-in capital.................................... 826 9,359 27,199
Retained earnings (deficit)................................... (1,454) (1,454) (1,454)
------- ------- -------
Total stockholders' equity.................................... $ 7,937 $ 7,937 $25,802
======= ======= =======
Bank Regulatory Capital Ratios:
Tangible Capital............................................ 9.40% 9.40% 25.23%
Core (leverage) capital..................................... 9.40 9.40 25.23
Total risk-based capital.................................... 16.06 16.06 37.28
Stockholders' equity to total assets.......................... 9.40 9.40 25.23
19
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The condensed operating data presented below is derived in part from,
and should be read in conjunction with, the Financial Statements and related
notes of Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank, presented elsewhere in this
Prospectus. The condensed operating data for the nine-month periods ended
September 30, 1996 and 1995 is derived from unaudited financial data, but, in
the opinion of management reflects all adjustments (consisting of only normal
recurring adjustments) which are necessary to present fairly the results for
such interim periods. The results of operations for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations
that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 1996.
Nine Months Ended
September 30, Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1995 1994 1993
----------- ------------- --------------- -------------- -------------
(Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Interest income:
Loans.................................... $4,675 $3,869 $5,434 $4,531 $5,187
Securities held to maturity.............. 184 232 273 189 174
Other interest earning assets............ 63 75 118 104 84
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total interest income................ 4,922 4,176 5,825 4,824 5,445
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Interest expense:
Deposit accounts........................ 2,507 2,366 3,192 2,534 2,793
Borrowings.............................. 192 160 256 187 252
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total interest expense............... 2,699 2,526 3,448 2,721 3,045
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net interest income before provision
for estimated loan losses......... 2,223 1,650 2,377 2,103 2,400
Provision for estimated loan losses........ 359 835 1,194 1,306 404
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net interest income after
provision for estimated loan losses 1,864 815 1,183 797 1,996
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Non-interest income:
Loan servicing and other
fees................................. 321 95 231 164 161
Service charges on deposit
accounts............................. 93 76 111 84 86
Net gains from mortgage
financing operations.................. 3,759 2,548 3,575 1,428 1,144
Other income ........................... 91 85 103 12 6
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total non-interest income............ 4,264 2,804 4,020 1,688 1,397
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and benefits .............. 3,206 1,838 2,544 1,575 1,403
Premises and occupancy ................. 538 314 471 418 384
Data processing......................... 281 140 208 167 151
(Gain) loss on foreclosed real
estate, net.......................... 171 137 53 280 228
FDIC insurance premiums................. 136 135 184 186 189
SAIF special assessment................. 448 -- -- -- --
Marketing............................... 119 42 65 55 85
Telephone............................... 159 100 143 128 67
Professional services................... 137 73 92 86 105
Other expense .......................... 623 403 629 561 581
Total non-interest expense........... 5,818 3,182 4,389 3,456 3,193
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before income tax
provision (benefit)..................... 310 437 814 (971) 200
Income tax provision (benefit)............. 142 232 294 (300) 107
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)................... $ 168 $ 205 $ 520 $ (671) $ 93
======= ======= ======= ======== =======
Net income (loss) per share (pro forma).... $ 0.05 $ 0.06 $ 0.16 $(0.21) $ 0.03
======= ======= ======= ======== =======
20
AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS
The following tables set forth certain information relating to the Bank
at September 30, 1996, and for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 and 1995
and the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993. The yields and costs are
derived by dividing income or expense by the average balance of assets or
liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown. The yields and costs include
fees which are considered adjustments to yields.
At September 30, 1996 Nine Months Ended September 30, 1996
---------------------------- ----------------------------------------
Average Average
Balance Yield/Cost Balance Interest Yield/Cost
-------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ------------
Assets: (Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning deposits
and short-term investments............ $13,372 3.99% $ 4,568 $ 162 4.73%
Investment securities, net(1)........... 802 4.49 2,227 85 5.09
Loans receivable, net (2)............... 62,357 8.69 71,240 4,675 8.75
Mortgage-backed securities, net(1)...... 10 4.69 11 1 12.12
------- ------- ------
Total interest-earning assets....... 76,541 7.83 78,046 4,923 8.41
------
Non-interest-earning assets............... 7,857 4,173
------- -------
Total assets........................ $84,398 $82,219
======= =======
Liabilities and Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Passbook accounts....................... $ 4,346 2.07 $ 4,479 78 2.32
Money market accounts................... 4,267 2.85 4,343 90 2.76
Checking accounts....................... 7,432 1.17 6,672 66 1.32
Certificate accounts.................... 57,281 5.28 54,811 2,273 5.53
------- ------- -------
Total............................... 73,326 4.53 70,305 2,507 4.75
Borrowings(3)........................... 0 0.00 4,318 192 5.93
------- ------- -------
Total interest-bearing liabilities.. 73,326 4.53 74,623 2,699 4.82
Non-interest bearing liabilities.......... 3,136 1,802
------- -------
Total liabilities................... 76,462 76,425
Equity.................................... 7,936 5,794
------- -------
Total liabilities and equity........ $84,398 $82,219
======= =======
Net interest income before provision
for estimated loan losses.............. $ 2,224
=======
Net interest rate spread(4)............... 3.30 3.59
Net interest margin(5).................... 3.79 3.80
Ratio of interest-earning assets to
interest-bearing liabilities............ 104.38 104.59
Nine Months Ended September 30, 1995
----------------------------------------------
Average Average
Balance Interest Yield/Cost
------------ ------------- --------------
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning deposits
and short-term investments............ $ 4,076 $ 157 5.14%
Investment securities, net(1)........... 3,551 149 5.59
Loans receivable, net (2)............... 64,907 3,870 7.95
Mortgage-backed securities, net(1)...... 13 1 10.26
------- -------
Total interest-earning assets....... 72,547 4,177 7.68
-------
Non-interest-earning assets............... 2,020
-------
Total assets........................ $74,567
=======
Liabilities and Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Passbook accounts....................... 5,182 105 2.70
Money market accounts................... 5,712 112 2.61
Checking accounts....................... 6,436 65 1.35
Certificate accounts.................... 50,357 2,084 5.52
------- -------
Total............................... 67,687 2,366 4.66
Borrowings(3)........................... 2,354 160 9.06
------- -------
Total interest-bearing liabilities.. 70,041 2,526 4.81
Non-interest bearing liabilities.......... 778
-------
Total liabilities................... 70,819
Equity.................................... 3,748
-------
Total liabilities and equity........ $74,567
=======
Net interest income before provision
for estimated loan losses.............. $ 1,651
=======
Net interest rate spread(4)............... 2.87
Net interest margin(5).................... 3.03
Ratio of interest-earning assets to
interest-bearing liabilities............ 103.58
- -------------------------------
(1) Includes unamortized discounts and premiums and certificates of deposit.
(2) Amount is net of deferred loan origination fees, unamortized discounts and
allowance for estimated loan losses and includes loans held for sale and
non-performing loans. See "Lending Activities."
(3) The average yield on borrowings for the nine months ended September 30,
1995 included the effects of $46,000 in interest expense on a swap
transaction with a notional principal balance of $2.0 million. Without
this added expense, the average yield on borrowings for the nine months
ended September 30, 1995 would have been 6.46%, and the yield on total
interest bearing liabilities for the same period would have been 4.72%.
The $2.0 million swap agreement matured on November 7, 1995.
(4) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on
interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average
interest-earning assets.
21
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1994
------------------------------------ --------------------------------
Average Average
Average Yield/ Average Yield/
Balance Interest Cost Balance Interest Cost
----------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- -------
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning deposits and short-term
investments....................................... $ 3,958 $ 117 2.96% $ 2,992 $ 103 3.44%
Investment securities, net(1)....................... 3,384 273 8.07 4,269 189 4.43
Loans receivable, (2)............................... 66,207 5,434 8.21 66,068 4,530 6.86
Mortgage-backed securities, net(1).................. 12 1 8.33 14 1 7.14
-------- ------- -------- -------
Total interest-earning assets................... 73,561 5,825 7.92 73,343 4,823 6.58
------ ------
Non-interest-earning assets........................... 2,120 2,253
------- -------
Total assets.................................... $75,681 $75,596
======= =======
Liabilities and Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Passbook accounts................................... $ 5,090 127 2.50 $ 7,048 157 2.23
Money market accounts............................... 5,493 144 2.62 6,512 163 2.50
Checking accounts................................... 6,434 86 1.34 6,180 88 1.42
Certificate accounts................................ 50,607 2,835 5.60 49,851 2,126 4.26
------- ------ ------- ------
Total........................................... 67,624 3,192 4.72 69,591 2,534 3.64
Borrowings(3)....................................... 3,112 256 8.23 1,864 187 10.03
------- ------ ------- -------
Total interest-bearing liabilities.............. 70,736 3,448 4.87 71,455 2,721 3.81
------ ------
Non-interest-bearing liabilities...................... 1,132 196
------- -------
Total liabilities............................... 71,868 71,651
Equity................................................ 3,813 3,945
------- -------
Total liabilities and equity.................... $75,681 $75,596
======= =======
Net interest income before provision
for estimated loan losses......................... $2,377 $2,102
====== ======
Net interest rate spread(4)........................... 3.05 2.77
Net interest margin(5)................................ 3.23 2.87
Ratio of interest-earning assets to
interest-bearing liabilities....................... 103.99 102.64
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------
1993
-----------------------------------
Average
Average Yield/
Balance Interest Cost
--------- ---------- ---------
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning deposits and short-term
investments....................................... $ 3,356 $ 84 2.50%
Investment securities, net(1)....................... 4,305 173 4.02
Loans receivable, (2)............................... 68,793 5,187 7.54
Mortgage-backed securities, net(1).................. 17 1 5.88
-------- -----
Total interest-earning assets................... 76,471 5,445 7.12
-----
Non-interest-earning assets........................... 3,468
-------
Total assets.................................... $79,939
=======
Liabilities and Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Passbook accounts................................... $ 7,623 192 2.52
Money market accounts............................... 6,200 174 2.81
Checking accounts................................... 6,390 105 1.64
Certificate accounts................................ 52,961 2,321 4.38
------- ------
Total........................................... 73,174 2,792 3.82
Borrowings(3)....................................... 1,011 253 25.02
------- ------
Total interest-bearing liabilities.............. 74,185 3,045 4.10
------
Non-interest-bearing liabilities...................... 1,352
------
Total liabilities............................... 75,537
Equity................................................ 4,402
-------
Total liabilities and equity.................... $79,939
=======
Net interest income before provision
for estimated loan losses......................... $2,400
======
Net interest rate spread(4)........................... 3.02
Net interest margin(5)................................ 3.14
Ratio of interest-earning assets to
interest-bearing liabilities....................... 103.08
- ------------------------
(1) Includes unamortized discounts and premiums and certificates of deposit.
(2) Amount is net of deferred loan origination fees, unamortized discounts and
allowance for estimated loan losses and includes loans held for sale and
non-performing loans. See "Lending Activities."
(3) The average yield on borrowings for the years ending December 31, 1995,
1994 and 1993 included the effects of $52,000, $96,000 and $215,000,
respectively, in interest expense on swap transactions with a notional
principal balance of $2.0 million in 1995 and 1994, and $4.0 million in
1993. Without this added expense, the average yield on borrowings for the
years ending December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993 would have been 6.56%,
4.88% and 3.76% respectively. The yield on total interest bearing
liabilities for the years ending December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993 would
have been 4.80%, 3.67% and 3.81%, respectively. Of the $4.0 million in
swap contracts affecting 1993, $2.0 million matured on November 7, 1993.
The remaining $2.0 million in swap contracts matured on November 7, 1995.
(4) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on
interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average
interest-earning assets.
22
Rate/Volume Analysis. The following table presents the extent to which
--------------------
changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets
and interest-bearing liabilities have affected the Bank's interest income and
interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each
category with respect to: (i) changes attributable to changes in volume (changes
in volume multiplied by prior rate); (ii) changes attributable to changes in
rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume); and (iii) the net change. The
changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been
allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to
rate.
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 1996
Compared to Year Ended December 31, 1995
Nine Months Ended Compared to
September 30, 1995 Year Ended December 31, 1994
------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
Increase (Decrease) Increase (Decrease)
Due to Due to
------------------------ ------------------------
Volume Rate Net Volume Rate Net
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning deposits and
short-term investments.............. $ 19 $ (14) $ 5 $ 30 $ (15) $ 15
Investment securities, net............. (52) (12) (64) (46) 129 83
Loans receivable, net(1)............... 396 409 805 10 894 904
Mortgage-backed securities, net........ - - - - - -
------ ------ ------ --- ------ ------
Total interest-earning assets....... 363 383 746 (6) 1,008 1,002
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Money market accounts.................. $(28) $ 6 $ (22) $(26) 7 (19)
Passbook accounts...................... (13) (14) (27) (47) 17 (30)
Checking accounts...................... 2 (1) 1 4 (6) (2)
Certificate accounts................... 185 4 189 33 677 710
Borrowings............................. 101 (69) 32 108 (39) 69
---- ---- ---- ---- ----- ---
Total interest-bearing liabilities.. 247 (74) 173 72 656 728
Change in net interest income.............. $116 $457 $573 $(78) $352 $274
==== ==== ==== ===== ==== ====
Year Ended December 31, 1994
Compared to
Year Ended December 31, 1993
-------------------------------------
Increase (Decrease)
Due to
------------------------
Volume Rate Net
---------- ---------- ----------
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning deposits and
short-term investments.............. $ (10) $ 29 $ 19
Investment securities, net............. (1) 17 16
Loans receivable, net(1)............... (200) (456) (656)
Mortgage-backed securities, net........ - - -
----- ----- -----
Total interest-earning assets....... (211) (410) (621)
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Money market accounts.................. $ 8 (19) (11)
Passbook accounts...................... (14) (21) (35)
Checking accounts...................... (3) (14) (17)
Certificate accounts................... (133) (62) (195)
Borrowings............................. 139 (205) (66)
----- ----- -----
Total interest-bearing liabilities.. (3) (321) (324)
Change in net interest income.............. $(208) $ (89) $(297)
===== ===== =====
- -------------------------
(1) Includes interest on loans held for sale.
23
SUMMARY
The Company is involved in the origination, purchase, sale and
servicing of non-conventional mortgage loans principally secured by first and
second mortgage loans on one- to four-family residences. The Company has focused
on Liberator Series loans which are for the purchase or refinance of residential
real property by borrowers who, because of prior credit problems or the absence
of a credit history, are considered "sub-prime borrowers," or loans which have
other non-conforming features. In addition, of the Company has originated a
substantial number of Portfolio Series loans which are debt consolidation loans
for Agency Qualified borrowers. The Company purchases and originates mortgage
loans and other real estate secured loans through a network of approved
correspondents and mortgage brokers throughout the country. The Company funds
substantially all of the loans which it originates or purchases through
deposits, internally generated funds and FHLB advances. In the immediate and
foreseeable future, the Company will also fund loans from proceeds, if any,
derived from asset securitizations. Deposit flows and cost of funds are
influenced by prevailing market rates of interest primarily on competing
investments, account maturities and the levels of savings in the Company's
market area. The Company's ability to purchase or sell loans is influenced by
the general level of product available from its correspondent relationships and
the willingness of investors to purchase the loans at an acceptable price to the
Company. Due to substantial activity in the purchase and sale of loans in recent
years, the gain on sale of loans has been significant. The Company anticipates
utilizing a portion of the net proceeds from the Public Offering to continue to
expand its mortgage financing operations. See "Business of the Company" and "Use
of Proceeds." The Company's results of operations are also affected by the
Company's provision for loan losses and the level of operating expenses. The
Company's operating expenses primarily consist of employee compensation and
benefits, premises and occupancy expenses, and other general expenses. The
Company's results of operations are also affected by prevailing economic
conditions, competition, government policies and actions of regulatory agencies.
See "Regulation."
COMPARISON OF OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1996 AND
SEPTEMBER 30, 1995
GENERAL
The Company reported net income of $168,000 for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996, which represented a $38,000 decrease from the net income of
$206,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 1995. Net income for the nine
months ended September 30, 1996 was adversely impacted by a non-recurring
expense for compensation and benefits of $354,000 which was incurred during the
quarter ended June 30, 1996, and a non-recurring SAIF premium expense of
$448,000 which was incurred during the quarter ended September 30, 1996. The
non-recurring expense for compensation and benefits is an accrual of the present
value of a portion of the future payments due pursuant to a consulting agreement
entered into with a former officer of the Company. See "Management of the
Company - Consultation Agreement." The net income for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 would have been $650,000 if these charges had not been
incurred.
Gains from mortgage financing operations for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 totalled $3.8 million compared to $2.5 million for the nine
months ended September 30, 1995 due to the expansion of the mortgage financing
operations and increased marketing effort therefrom. The expansion of the
mortgage financing operation resulted in loan originations and purchases
totalling $148.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 compared
to $96.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1995. The related sales
of loans increased from $92.5 million for the nine months ended September 30,
1995 to $141.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996. The
expansion in mortgage financing operations included the addition of the
Riverside, California mortgage financing center and a corresponding increase in
personnel from an average of 43 people for the nine months ended September 30,
1995 to 87 for the nine months ended September 30, 1996. The additional staff
allowed for increased marketing, processing and underwriting efforts and the
ability to increase the number of broker and correspondent relationships but
also added to non-interest expense for the period.
24
The increase in average interest earning assets from $72.5 million for
the nine months ended September 30, 1995 to $78.0 million for the nine months
ended September 30, 1996, combined with a substantial increase in yield
on those assets, which increased from 7.68% for the nine months ended
September 30, 1995 to 8.41% for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, also
contributed to the increase in earnings. In addition, capital increased by a net
$3.5 million as a result of a private placement offering by the Bank (the
"Private Placement") which was completed on August 13, 1996. The Bank completed
a public securitization of $51.9 million in loans during the fourth quarter of
1996 which is expected to have a substantial impact on the net income for such
period. Additionally, the Company intends to conduct securitizations at a rate
of one per quarter either through private placements or in public offerings.
There can be no assurances that asset securitizations will be completed in
future periods or, if completed, will favorably impact the net income of the
Company. See "Risk Factors - Risks Related to Asset Securitizations" and
"Business of the Company - Lending Activities - Loan Sales and Asset
Securitizations."
INTEREST INCOME
Interest income increased from $4.2 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 1995 to $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996
due to an increase in the yield on interest-earning assets as well as the
average balances of those assets. The Company's yield on average
interest-earning assets increased to 8.41% for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 compared to 7.68% for the nine months ended
September 30, 1995. The total average interest-earning assets increased from
$72.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 to $78.0 million for
the nine months ended September 30, 1996. The largest single component of
interest-earning assets was loans receivable, net, which increased from an
average of $64.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 to $71.2
million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996. The increase in the
average loans receivable, net was due to an increase in the loans held for sale
from the expansion of the mortgage financing operations. Loans held for sale,
net, increased from $19.0 million at September 30, 1995 to $24.9 million at
September 30, 1996, while loans held for investment declined from $43.1 million
at September 30, 1995 to $37.4 million at September 30, 1996. Except for loans
specifically originated to be held for investment, all loans are originated or
purchased for sale in the secondary market or through securitizations. See
"Business of the Company - Lending Activities." The yield on loans receivable
increased from 7.95% for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 to 8.75% for
the nine months ended September 30, 1996.
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest expense increased from $2.5 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 1995 to $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996.
Total average interest-bearing liabilities increased from $70.0 million with an
average yield of 4.81% for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 to $74.6
million with an average yield of 4.82% for the nine months ended September 30,
1996. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 was
adversely impacted by the effects of an interest rate swap which matured on
November 7, 1995 which caused an increase in interest expense on borrowings of
$46,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 1995. Without this expense, the
yield on borrowings for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 would have been
6.46%, and the yield on interest-bearing liabilities would have been 4.72%. The
interest expense increase also reflects the rise in average borrowings, which
were $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, compared to $2.4
million for the nine months ended September 30, 1995. Finally, interest expense
rose due to the increased level of certificate accounts which averaged $54.8
million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 compared to $50.4 million
for the nine months ended September 30, 1995.
NET INTEREST INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES
Net interest income before provision for estimated loan losses for the
nine months ended September 30, 1996 was $2.2 million compared to $1.7 million
for the nine months ended September 30, 1995. This increase was primarily due to
the increase in the net interest margin from 3.03% for the nine months ended
September 30, 1995 to 3.80% for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, and
the increase in the ratio of average interest-earning
25
assets to average interest-bearing liabilities from 103.58% for the nine months
ended September 30, 1995 to 104.59% for the nine months ended September 30,
1996.
PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES
The provision for estimated loan losses was $359,000 for the nine
months ended September 30, 1996 compared to $835,000 for the nine months ended
September 30, 1995. The decrease in the provision resulted from the Company's
quarterly analysis of its loan portfolio, the decrease in charge offs of loans
and the increase in recoveries and management's belief that property values in
the southern California market had stopped deteriorating. In addition, the
amount of the provision for estimated loan losses is influenced by current
economic conditions, actual loss experience, industry trends and other factors,
such as the adverse economic conditions in the Company's market area. Also,
various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process,
periodically review the Company's allowance for estimated loan losses. Such
agencies may require the Company to provide additions to the allowance based
upon judgements which differ from those of Management. Charge offs for the
nine months ended September 30, 1996 were $632,000 compared to $831,000 for the
nine months ended September 30, 1995. For the nine months ended September 30,
1996, net charge offs to average gross loans outstanding were 0.71%, compared to
1.19% for the nine months ended September 30, 1995. Recoveries increased from
$61,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 to $124,000 for the nine
months ended September 30, 1996. Non-performing assets as a percent of total
assets decreased from 3.54% at September 30, 1995 to 3.36% at September 30,
1996. At September 30, 1996, the allowance for estimated loan losses was $1.0
million compared to $897,000 at September 30, 1995. The allowance for estimated
loan losses as a percent of total assets was 1.22% at September 30, 1996
compared to 1.21% at September 30, 1995. The allowance for estimated loan losses
as a percent of non-performing loans was 55.66% at September 30, 1996 compared
to 61.95% at September 30, 1995. While management believes its has adequately
provided for losses and does not expect any material loss on its loans in excess
of allowances already recorded, no assurance can be given that additional loans
will not be delinquent or that the collateral for such loans will be sufficient
to prevent losses in the event of foreclosure. Management believes that the
allowance for loan losses at September 30, 1996 was adequate to absorb known and
inherent risks in the Company's loan portfolio. No assurance can be given,
however, that economic conditions which may adversely affect the Company's or
the Bank's service areas or other circumstances will not be reflected in
increased losses in the loan portfolio. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an
integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank's
allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize
additions to the allowance or take charge-offs (reductions in the allowance) in
anticipation of losses. See "Business of the Company -Lending Activities -
Delinquencies and Classified Assets" and "- Lending Activities -Allowance for
Estimated Loan Losses."
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Gains from mortgage financing operations for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 were $3.8 million compared to $2.5 million for the nine
months ended September 30, 1995. This increase was attributable to the increase
in the level of mortgage financing operations, with loans sold totaling $141.1
million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 compared to $92.5 million
for the nine months ended September 30, 1995. Loans originated and purchased
totalled $148.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 compared to
$96.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1995, which resulted in an
increase in loan servicing and other fees from $95,000 for the nine months ended
September 30, 1995 to $321,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 1996.
Consistent with management's business strategy, it is anticipated that the
Company's business will consist of mortgage financing operations in future
periods. The inability of the Company to implement its business strategy would
have a material adverse affect on the Company's financial condition at results
of operations. See "Risk Factors - Ability of the Company to Implement its
Business Strategy."
26
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Non-interest expense was $5.8 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 compared to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September
30, 1995 due primarily to the expansion of mortgage financing operations, a non-
recurring increase in compensation and benefits and the non-recurring SAIF
assessment. New loans originated and purchased increased from $96.9 million for
the nine months ended September 30, 1995 to $148.4 million for the nine months
ended September 30, 1996, which resulted in increased employee commissions and
bonuses.
Compensation and benefits increased from $1.8 million for the nine
months ended September 30, 1995 to $3.2 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996. These costs are directly related to the expansion of the
mortgage financing operations and the corresponding increase in personnel, which
increased from an average of 43 people for the nine months ended September 30,
1995 to 87 for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, combined with a
non-recurring expense for compensation and benefits of $354,000 which was
incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 1996. The non-recurring
expense for compensation and benefits is an accrual of the present value of a
portion of the future payments due pursuant to a consulting agreement entered
into with a former officer of the Company. See "Management of the Company -
Consultation Agreement."
Premises and occupancy increased from $314,000 for the nine months
ended September 30, 1995 to $538,000 for the nine months ended September 30,
1996 due to the addition of the Riverside, California mortgage banking center.
The loan office is approximately 7,500 square feet, with the additional space
being utilized for the increase in personnel and the expansion of the mortgage
financing operations. With the increase in the loans originated and purchased,
and the increase in personnel, data processing expense increased from $140,000
for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 to $281,000 for the nine months
ended September 30, 1996.
As a result of the expansion of the mortgage financing operations,
marketing expense increased from $42,000 for the nine months ended September 30,
1995 to $119,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 1996. In addition,
telephone expense increased from $100,000 for the nine months ended
September 30, 1995 to $159,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, and
professional services increased from $73,000 for the nine months ended
September 30, 1995 to $137,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 1996.
The Company incurred a charge of $448,000 due to the non-recurring SAIF
special assessment which was incurred during the nine months ended September 30,
1996. No similar charge was assessed for the nine months ended September 30,
1995. In addition, other expenses also increased, although no single item
exceeded 1.0% of gross income.
INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes decreased from $232,000 for the nine
months ended September 30, 1995 to $142,000 for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996. The decrease in income taxes is the result of the decline in
income before tax, which decreased from $437,000 for the nine months ended
September 30, 1995 to $310,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 1996. The
effective tax rate declined from 53.1% for the nine months ended September 30,
1995 to 45.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 1996. The change in
effective tax rates is primarily due to adjustments to the deferred tax
valuation and reserves for unknown tax liabilities.
COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AT SEPTEMBER 30, 1996 AND DECEMBER 31, 1995
Total assets increased from $74.1 million at December 31, 1995 to $84.4
million at September 30, 1995, with the majority of the increase attributable to
an increase in cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were $3.9
million at December 31, 1995 and increased to $15.4 million at September 30,
1996 due to (i) net proceeds from the issuance of common stock in the Private
Placement totalling $3.5 million, (ii) principal repayments
27
on loans totalling $7.5 million, (iii) proceeds from the maturity of $2.0
million in securities held to maturity, (iv) an increase in deposit accounts of
$5.8 million; and (v) an increase in loans held for sale.
Loans held for sale increased from $21.7 million at December 31, 1995
to $24.9 million at September 30, 1996, for a net increase of $3.2 million, due
to the expansion of the Company's mortgage financing operations. Loan
originations and purchases totalled $148.4 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996, while loan sales totalled $141.1 million for the nine months
ended September 30, 1996, The net difference in originations and purchases and
loan sales for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 was $7.3 million, which
was offset by $4.1 million in loan repayments of principal.
Loans held for investment decreased from $41.7 million at December 31,
1995 to $37.5 million at September 30, 1996 due to principal repayments and
foreclosures. Except for loans specifically originated to be held for
investment, all loans originated or purchased through the mortgage financing
operations are originated or purchased for sale in the secondary market.
Mortgage servicing rights increased from $683,000 at December 31, 1995
to $2.0 million at September 30, 1996. The increase is directly related to the
expansion of the mortgage financing operations, and the effects of the
implementation of SFAS No. 122, which was adopted by the Company on July 1,
1995. SFAS No. 122 allows for the capitalization of mortgage servicing rights on
loans originated or purchased. See "- Impact of New Accounting Standards."
The increase in assets was funded by an increase in deposits and the
net proceeds from the Private Placement of $3.5 million. Deposit accounts were
$73.3 million at September 30, 1996 compared to $67.5 million at December 31,
1995. The increase in deposits was due to favorable interest rate market
conditions which allowed for an increase in certificate accounts from $51.8
million at December 31, 1995 to $57.3 million at September 30, 1996. The yield
on average certificate accounts was 5.28% for the nine months ended September
30, 1996, compared to 5.60% for the year ended December 31, 1995.
With the addition of $3.5 million in capital from the Private
Placement, tangible, core and risk based capital ratios increased from 5.68%,
5.68% and 10.17% as of December 31, 1995, respectively, to 9.40%, 9.40% and
16.06% as of September 30, 1996, respectively. During the same period,
non-performing loans as a percent of gross loans increased from 2.17% as of
December 31, 1995 to 2.94% as of September 30, 1996. Non-performing assets as a
percent of total assets increased from 3.00% as of December 31, 1995 to 3.36% as
of September 30, 1996. The increase in non-performing loans is a direct result
of the Company's more aggressive approach to resolving problem assets and its
non-accrual policy. Loans over 90 days past due totalled $1.2 million at
September 30, 1996 compared to $1.3 million at December 31, 1995. See "Business
of the Company - Lending Activities - Delinquencies and Classified Assets."
COMPARISON OF OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 AND
DECEMBER 31, 1994
GENERAL
The Company reported net income of $520,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1995, which represented a $1.2 million increase from the net loss
of $671,000 for the year ended December 31, 1994. The increase in net income for
the year ended December 31, 1995 compared to the year ended December 31, 1994
was attributable to the increase in mortgage financing operations and an
increase in net interest income. Loans originated and purchased totalled $134.8
million for the year ended December 31, 1995 compared to $72.8 million for the
year ended December 31, 1994. The increase in loans originated and purchased is
due to the restructuring and expansion of the mortgage financing operations
during 1994 and 1995.
28
During 1994, the Company hired new management to restructure the
mortgage financing operations, changing the lending strategy from traditional
mortgage banking and portfolio lending to focusing on sub-prime mortgage
financing. During the period of restructuring in the first half of 1994, loan
originations and purchases declined as new lending products were being developed
and new personnel skilled in originating, processing underwriting and servicing
the new products were being hired. Loan originations and purchases increased
during the latter half of 1994 and 1995 as a result of the restructuring.
Gains from mortgage financing operations were $3.6 million for the year
ended December 31, 1995 compared to $1.4 million for the year ended December 31,
1994 due to the expansion of the mortgage financing operations and the increase
in sales of loans which were generated as a result of this expansion. Loan sales
were $126.9 million for the year ended December 31, 1995 compared to $65.7
million for the year ended December 31, 1994. In addition, based on the change
in the loans generated and therefore the change in the market demand for these
loans, gains on sale as a percentage of loans sold increased from 2.17% for the
year ended December 31, 1994 to 2.82% for the year ended December 31, 1995.
In addition, interest income increased due to the types of loans being
generated. Net interest income before provision for estimated loan losses for
the year ended December 31, 1995 was $2.4 million compared to $2.1 million for
the year ended December 31, 1994. The Company's net interest margin increased to
3.23% for the year ended December 31, 1995 compared to 2.87% for the year ended
December 31, 1994. The Company's yield on loans receivable, the single largest
component of interest-earning assets, increased from 6.86% for the year ending
December 31, 1994 to 8.21% for the year ending December 31, 1995.
As a result of these events, the Company's return on average assets and
return on average equity increased to 0.69% and 13.64%, respectively, for the
year ended December 31, 1995, compared to (0.89%) and (17.01%), respectively,
for the year ended December 31, 1994.
INTEREST INCOME
Interest income increased from $4.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 1994 to $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1995 due to an
increase in the yield on interest earning assets as well as the average balances
of those assets. The Company's yield on average interest earning assets
increased to 7.92% for the year ended December 31, 1995 compared to 6.58% for
the year ended December 31, 1994 due to the increase in loans held for sale from
$17.1 million at December 31, 1994 to $21.7 million at December 31, 1995 as
compared to loans held for investment which decreased from $47.1 million at
December 31, 1994 to $41.7 million at December 31, 1995. The total average
interest earning assets increased from $73.3 million for the year ended
December 31, 1994 to $73.6 million for the year ended December 31, 1995. The
largest single component of interest-earning assets was loans receivable, net.
The yield on loans receivable increased from 6.86% for the year ended
December 31, 1994 to 8.21% for the year ended December 31, 1995. Except for
loans specifically originated to be held for investment, all loans are
originated or purchased for sale in the secondary market or through
securitizations.
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest expense increased from $2.7 million for the year ended
December 31, 1994 to $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 1995. Total
average interest-bearing liabilities decreased from $71.5 million with an
average yield of 3.81% for the year ended December 31, 1994 to $70.7 million
with an average yield of 4.87% for the year ended December 31, 1995. The yield
on certificate accounts increased from 4.26% for the year ended December 31,
1994 to 5.60% for the year ended December 31, 1995. The level of certificate
accounts averaged $50.6 million for the year ended December 31, 1995 compared to
$49.9 million for the year ended December 31, 1994. The interest expense
increase also reflects the rise in average borrowings, which were $3.1 million
for the year ended December 31, 1995, compared to $1.9 million for the year
ended December 31, 1994. The yield on borrowings was adversely affected by
interest rate swaps which matured on November 7, 1995. During the years ended
December 31, 1995 and December 31, 1994, the interest on swaps totalled $52,000
and $96,000, respectively,
29
which increased the yield on borrowings for the years
ended December 31, 1995 and December 31, 1994 to 8.23% and 10.03%, respectively.
Without the interest on the swaps, the yield on borrowings would have been 6.56%
for the year ended December 31, 1995 and 4.88% for the year ended December 31,
1994. Furthermore, the yield on total interest bearing liabilities for the years
ended December 31, 1995 and December 31, 1994 would have been 4.80% and 3.67%
without the interest on the swaps.
NET INTEREST INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES
Net interest income before provision for estimated loan losses for the
year ended December 31, 1995 was $2.4 million compared to $2.1 million for the
year ended December 31, 1994. The Company's net interest margin increased to
3.23% for the year ended December 31, 1995 compared to 2.87% for the year ended
December 31, 1994. Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing
liabilities increased from 102.64% at December 31, 1994 to 103.99% at
December 31, 1995.
PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES
The provision for estimated loan losses was $1.2 million for the year
ended December 31, 1995 compared to $1.3 million for the year ended December 31,
1994. The decrease in the provision resulted from the Company's analysis of its
loan portfolio and an increase in the recoveries of the loans previously charged
off. Recoveries for the year ended December 31, 1995 were $65,000 compared to
$3,000 for the year ended December 31, 1994. Based on the changing economic
conditions in southern California, where substantially all of the Company's
loans held for investment are located, the Company changed its policy during
1994 to aggressively charge off problem assets and to improve its collection
procedures. This revised policy, however, resulted in a greater level of
recoveries in subsequent periods. In addition, non-performing assets as a
percent of total assets declined from 3.42% at December 31, 1994 to 3.00% at
December 31, 1995. The Company's allowance for estimated loan losses increased
from $832,000 at December 31, 1994 to $1.2 million at December 31, 1995. The
allowance for estimated loan losses increased as a percent of total assets to
1.59% at December 31, 1995 compared to 1.17% at December 31, 1994, and the
allowance for estimated loan losses as a percent of non-performing loans
increased to 84.25% at December 31, 1995 compared to 44.04% at December 31,
1994.
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Gains from mortgage financing operations for the year ended
December 31, 1995 were $3.6 million compared to $1.4 million for the year ended
December 31, 1994 due to the expansion of the mortgage financing operations.
During 1994, the Company hired new management to restructure the mortgage
financing operations, changing the lending strategy from a traditional mortgage
banking and portfolio lending operation to a strategy of a sub-prime mortgage
financing operations. During the period of restructuring in the first six months
of 1994, loan originations and purchases declined as new lending products were
being developed and new personnel skilled in originating, processing,
underwriting and servicing the new products were being hired. Loan originations
and purchases increased during the latter half of 1994 and 1995 as a result of
the restructuring.
Loan servicing and other fees were $231,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1995 compared to $164,000 for the year ended December 31, 1994 due
to the expansion of the mortgage financing operations. With the adoption of SFAS
No. 122 in July of 1995, the Company retained a greater portion of its
servicing, which resulted in an increase in servicing for other investors from
$48.2 million as of December 31, 1994 to $189.5 million as of December 31, 1995.
See "- Impact of New Accounting Standards."
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Total non-interest expense totalled $4.4 million for the year ended
December 31, 1995 compared to $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 1994.
This increase is primarily attributable to the expenses related to compensation
and benefits increasing from $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 1994
to $2.5 million for
30
the year ended December 31, 1995. These costs are directly
related to the expansion of the mortgage financing operations and the
corresponding increase in personnel. Loans originated and purchased increased
from $72.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1994 to $134.8 million for
the year ended December 31, 1995, which resulted in increased employee
commissions.
Premises and occupancy, data processing and other expense increased as
a result of the addition of the Riverside loan center in November 1995 and the
increased loan activity during the year ended December 31, 1995 compared to the
year ended December 31, 1994.
INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes increased from a benefit of $300,000 for
the year ended December 31, 1994 to an expense of $294,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1995. This increase is a result of income before income taxes of
$814,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995 compared to a loss before income
taxes of $971,000 for the year ended December 31, 1994 and the resulting
increase in the Company's effective rate from 30.9% to 36.2% for the year ended
December 31, 1995.
COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AT DECEMBER 31, 1995 AND DECEMBER 31, 1994
Total assets increased from $71.4 million as of December 31, 1994 to
$74.1 million as of December 31, 1995, which was directly attributable to loans
held for sale. Loans held for sale increased to $21.7 million at December 31,
1995 compared to $17.1 million at December 31, 1994, which was offset by a
decrease in loans held for investment from $47.1 million at December 31, 1994 to
$41.7 million at December 31, 1995. During the year ended December 31, 1995 the
Company originated and purchased $134.8 million in loans, which were offset by
prepayments and sales totalling $126.9 million. Cash and cash equivalents also
increased during the year ended December 31, 1995 to $3.9 million from $1.5
million at December 31, 1994 due to the increase in deposits from $65.7 million
at December 31, 1994 to $67.5 million at December 31, 1995.
The increase in assets were funded by an increase in deposits and other
liabilities. Borrowings totalled $1.3 million as of December 31, 1994 compared
to zero at December 31, 1995. Deposits slightly increased from $65.7 million at
December 31, 1994 to $67.5 million at December 31, 1995. Other liabilities
increased as a result of an increase in loans serviced for others and the
corresponding impounds thereon. With earnings of $520,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1995, total stockholders' equity increased from $3.7 million for
the year ended December 31, 1994 to $4.3 million for the year ended December 31,
1995.
Tangible, core and risk based capital ratios increased from 5.25%,
5.25% and 10.00% as of December 31, 1994, to 5.68%, 5.68% and 10.17% as of
December 31, 1995, respectively. During the same period, non-performing loans as
a percent of gross loans decreased from 2.90% as of December 31, 1994 to 2.17%
as of December 31, 1995. Non-performing assets as a percent of total assets
decreased from 3.42% to 3.00% as of December 31, 1994 and December 31, 1995,
respectively. See "Business of the Company - Delinquencies and Classified
Assets."
COMPARISON OF OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1994 AND
DECEMBER 31, 1993
GENERAL
The Company reported a net loss of $671,000 for the year ended December
31, 1994 compared to net income of $93,000 for the year ended December 31, 1993.
The decrease in net income for the year ended December 31, 1994 compared to the
year ended December 31, 1993 was directly attributable to an increase in the
provision for estimated loan losses and a decrease in net interest income. Loans
originated and purchased totalled $72.8 million for the year ended December 31,
1994 compared to $82.0 million for the year ended December 31, 1993. The
decrease in loans originated and purchased is due to the restructuring and
expansion of the mortgage financing operations during 1994.
31
During 1994, the Company hired new management to restructure the
mortgage financing operations, changing the lending strategy from a traditional
mortgage banking and portfolio lending operation to a strategy of a sub-prime
mortgage financing operations. During the period of restructuring in the first
half of 1994, loan originations and purchases declined as new lending products
were being developed and new personnel skilled in originating, processing,
underwriting and servicing the new products were being hired. Loan originations
and purchases increased during the latter half of 1994 as a result of the
restructuring.
Provisions for estimated loans losses increased from $404,000 for the
year ended December 31, 1993 to $1.3 million for the year ended December 31,
1994 due to the increase in charge offs. Charge offs increased from $301,000 for
the year ended December 31, 1993 to $913,000 for the year ended December 31,
1994. The increase in charge offs is the result of the change in the Company's
policy which occurred in 1994 relating to aggressively resolving non-performing
assets, as well the southern California real estate market, in which a majority
of the Company's loans held for investment are located. As a result, the
Company's allowance for estimated loan losses increased from $436,000 at
December 31, 1993 to $832,000 at December 31, 1994.
Gains from mortgage financing operations were $1.4 million for the year
ended December 31, 1994 compared to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31,
1993 due to the restructuring of the mortgage financing operations and the
increase in gains on sale as a percentage of total sales of loans which were
generated as a result of this restructuring. Loan sales were $65.7 million for
the year ended December 31, 1994 compared to $71.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 1993. Based on the change in the types of loans generated and
therefore the change in the market demand for these loans, gains on sale as
percentage of loans sold increased from 1.61% for the year ended December 31,
1993 to 2.17% for the year ended December 31, 1994.
In addition, interest income declined due to the rapidly declining
interest rate environment and the high level of non-performing loans at the
beginning of 1994. Net interest income before provision for estimated loan
losses for the year ended December 31, 1994 was $2.1 million compared to $2.4
million for the year ended December 31, 1993. The Company's net interest margin
decreased to 2.87% for the year ended December 31, 1994 compared to 3.14% for
the year ended December 31, 1993. The Company's yield on loans receivable, the
single largest component of interest-earning assets, decreased from 7.54% for
the year ending December 31, 1993 to 6.86% for the year ending December 31,
1994. Non-performing assets were $3.9 million at December 31, 1993 (and
therefore the beginning of 1994) and declined to $2.4 million at December 31,
1994. This decline is a result of the change in policy during 1994 to
aggressively foreclose on non-performing assets and resolve non-performing
assets as quickly as possible.
As a result of these events, the Company's return on average assets and
return on average equity were (0.89%) and (17.01%), respectively, for the year
ended December 31, 1994, compared to 0.12% and 2.11%, respectively, for the year
ended December 31, 1993.
INTEREST INCOME
Interest income decreased from $5.4 million for the year ended December
31, 1993 to $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1994 due to a decline
in the yield on interest-earning assets as well as the average balances of those
assets. The Company's yield on average interest-earning assets decreased to
6.58% for the year ended December 31, 1994 compared to 7.12% for the year ended
December 31, 1993. In addition, interest income declined due to the rapidly
declining interest rate environment and the high level of non-performing loans
at the beginning of 1994. Total average interest-earning assets decreased from
$76.5 million for the year ended December 31, 1993 to $73.3 million for the year
ended December 31, 1994. Non-performing loans were $3.9 million at December 31,
1993 (and therefore the beginning of 1994) and declined to $2.4 million at
December 31, 1994. This decline is the result of the change in policy during
1994 to aggressively foreclose on non-performing assets and resolve
non-performing assets as quickly as possible.
32
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest expense decreased from $3.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 1993 to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 1994. The
yield on certificate accounts decreased from 4.38% for the year ended December
31, 1993 to 4.26% for the year ended December 31, 1994. The level of certificate
accounts averaged $49.9 million for the year ended December 31, 1994 compared to
$53.0 million for the year ended December 31, 1993. The interest expense
decrease also reflects the effects of interest rate swaps. The yield on
borrowings was adversely affected by interest rate swaps which matured on
November 7, 1995 and November 7, 1993. During the years ended December 31, 1994
and December 31, 1993, the interest on swaps totalled $96,000 and $215,000,
respectively, which increased the yield on borrowings for the years ended
December 31, 1994 and December 31, 1993 to 10.03% and 25.02%, respectively.
Without the interest on the swaps, the yield on borrowings would have been 4.88%
for the year ended December 31, 1994 and 3.76% for the year ended December 31,
1993. Furthermore, the yield on total interest-bearing liabilities for the years
ended December 31, 1994 and December 31, 1993 would have been 3.67% and 3.81%
without the interest on the swaps.
NET INTEREST INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES
Net interest income before provision for estimated loan losses for the
year ended December 31, 1994 was $2.1 million compared to $2.4 million for the
year ended December 31, 1993. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in
the Company's net interest margin from 3.14% for the year ended December 31,
1993 to 2.87% for the year ended December 31, 1994 and a decrease in the average
interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities ratio from
103.08% at December 31, 1993 to 102.64% at December 31, 1994.
PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES
The provision for estimated loan losses was $1.3 million for the year
ended December 31, 1994, an increase compared to $404,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1993. The increase in the provision resulted from the Company's
analysis of its loan portfolio and an increase in charge offs of loans. Charge
offs for the year ended December 31, 1994 were $913,000 compared to $302,000 for
the year ended December 31, 1993. At December 31, 1994, the allowance for
estimated loan losses was $832,000 compared to $436,000 at December 31, 1993.
The allowance for estimated loan losses as a percent of total assets was 1.17%
at December 31, 1994 compared to 0.56% at December 31, 1993. The allowance for
estimated loan losses as percent of non-performing loans was 44.04% at December
31, 1994 compared to 20.02% at December 31, 1993.
The increase in charge-offs was attributable to a decline in the market
value of real estate in the Southern California market, combined with a change
in collection and foreclosure policy, which expedites the foreclosure process to
return assets to a performing status on a faster time frame. As part of this
process, the Company would occasionally negotiate a short sale, in which the
borrower would sell a property at its current market value even though it was
less than the loan balance owing at that time. This resulted in lower losses
than if the Company had continued to incur costs through the foreclosure process
and subsequent holding period in order to sell the property.
Non-performing loans as a percent of gross loans receivable declined
from 3.24% as of December 31, 1993 to 2.90% at December 31, 1994. Non-performing
assets as a percent of total assets decreased from 5.05% at December 31, 1993,
to 3.42% at December 31, 1994.
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Gains from mortgage financing operations for the year ended December
31, 1994 were $1.4 million compared to $1.1 million for the year ended December
31, 1993. This increase was attributable to the increase in mortgage financing
operations, with loan sales totalling $71.0 million for the year ended December
31, 1993 compared to $65.7 million for the year ended December 31, 1994. Income
from mortgage financing operations as
33
a percentage of loans sold increased from 1.61% for the year ended December 31,
1993 to 2.17% for the year ended December 31, 1994.
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Due to the addition of personnel in the restructuring of the mortgage
financing operations, compensation and benefits increased from $1.4 million for
the year ended December 31, 1993 to $1.6 million for the year ended December 31,
1994. As a result of the declining real estate market in southern California,
losses on foreclosed real estate increased from $228,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1993 to $280,000 for the year ended December 31, 1994.
INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes decreased from an expense of $107,000
for the year ended December 31, 1993 to a benefit of $300,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1994. This decrease is a result of a loss before income taxes of
$971,000 for the year ended December 31, 1994 compared to income before income
taxes of $200,000 for the year ended December 31, 1993 and the resulting
decrease in the Company's effective rate from 53.4% to 30.9% for these periods.
MANAGEMENT OF INTEREST RATE RISK
The principal objective of the Bank's interest rate risk management
function is to evaluate the interest rate risk included in certain balance sheet
accounts, determine the level of appropriate risk given the Bank's business
focus, operating environment, capital and liquidity requirements and performance
objectives and manage the risk consistent with Board approved guidelines through
the establishment of prudent asset concentration guidelines. Through such
management, management of the Bank seeks to reduce the vulnerability of the
Bank's operations to changes in interest rates. Management of the Bank monitors
its interest rate risk as such risk relates to its operational strategies. The
Bank's Board of Directors reviews on a quarterly basis the Bank's
asset/liability position, including simulations of the effect on the Bank's
capital of various interest rate scenarios. The extent of the movement of
interest rates, higher or lower, is an uncertainty that could have a negative
impact on the earnings of the Bank.
Net Portfolio Value. The Bank's interest rate sensitivity is monitored
by Management through the use of a model which estimates the change in net
portfolio value ("NPV") over a range of interest rate scenarios. NPV is the
present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance
sheet contracts. An NPV Ratio, in any interest rate scenario, is defined as the
NPV in that scenario divided by the market value of assets in the same scenario.
The sensitivity measure is the decline in the NPV Ratio, in basis points, caused
by a 2% increase or decrease in rates, whichever produces a larger decline (the
"Sensitivity Measure"). The higher an institution's Sensitivity Measure is, the
greater its exposure to interest rate risk is considered to be. The Bank
utilizes a market value model prepared by the OTS (the "OTS NPV model"), which
is prepared quarterly, based on the Bank's quarterly Thrift Financial Reports
filed with the OTS. The OTS NPV model measures the Bank's interest rate risk by
approximating the Bank's NPV, which is the net present value of expected cash
flows from assets, liabilities and any off-balance sheet contracts, under
various market interest rate scenarios which range from a 400 basis point
increase to a 400 basis point decrease in market interest rates. The interest
rate risk policy of the Bank provides that the maximum permissible change at a
400 basis point increase or decrease in market interest rates is a 45% change in
the net portfolio value. The OTS has incorporated an interest rate risk
component into its regulatory capital rule. Under the rule, an institution whose
sensitivity measure exceeds 2% would be required to deduct an interest rate risk
component in calculating its total capital for purpose of the risk-based capital
requirement. See "Regulation - Federal Savings Institution Regulation." As of
September 30, 1996, the most recent date for which the relevant data is
available, the Bank's sensitivity measure, as measured by the OTS, resulting
from a 200 basis point decrease in interest rates was -73 basis points and would
result in a $583,000 reduction in the NPV of the Bank. The NPV Ratio sensitivity
measure is below the threshold at which the Bank could be required to hold
additional risk-based capital
34
under OTS regulations. The OTS has postponed the date the component will first
be deducted from an institution's total capital to provide the OTS with an
opportunity to review the interest rate risk approaches taken by the other
federal banking agencies. See "Regulation - Federal Savings Institution
Regulation."
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodology used in the above
interest rate risk measurements. Modeling changes in NPV requires the making of
certain assumptions that may tend to oversimplify the manner in which actual
yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. First, the models
assume that the composition of the Bank's interest sensitive assets and
liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the
period being measured. Second, the models assume that a particular change in
interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the
duration to maturity or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Third, the
model does not take into account the impact of the Bank's business or strategic
plans on the structure of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities. Accordingly, although the NPV measurement provides an indication of
the Bank's interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such
measurement is not intended to and does not provide a precise forecast of the
effect of changes in market interest rates on the Bank's net interest income and
will differ from actual results. The results of this modeling are monitored by
Management and presented to the Board of Directors, quarterly.
The following table shows the NPV and projected change in the NPV of
the Bank at September 30, 1996 assuming an instantaneous and sustained change in
market interest rates of 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points.
INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY OF NET PORTFOLIO VALUE (NPV)
NPV as % of Portfolio
Net Portfolio Value Value of Assets
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
Change in Rates $ Amount $ Change % Change NPV Ratio %Change
- ---------------------- -------------- ---------------- ------------- ----------------- -----------------
(Dollars in thousands)
+ 400 bp $11,425 $(1,319) (10)% 13.30% - 104 bp
+ 300 bp 12,080 (664) (5) 13.90 - 44 bp
+ 200 bp 12,561 (183) (1) 14.30 - 3 bp
+ 100 bp 12,802 57 - 14.47 + 13 bp
Static 12,744 14.33
- 100 bp 12,469 (276) (2) 13.99 - 35 bp
- 200 bp 12,162 (583) (5) 13.61 - 73 bp
- 300 bp 12,026 (718) (6) 13.39 - 94 bp
- 400 bp 12,039 (705) (6) 13.31 - 102 bp
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company's primary sources of funds are deposits, FHLB advances,
principal and interest payments on loans and mortgage-backed securities,
proceeds from the sale of loans, and to a lesser extent, interest payments on
investment securities and proceeds from the maturation of investment securities.
In the immediate and foreseeable future, the Company also plans to fund loans
from the proceeds derived from asset securitizations. See "Risk Factors -
Availability of Funding Sources" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations." While maturities and scheduled
amortization of loans and mortgage-backed securities are a predictable source of
funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by general
interest rates, economic conditions and competition. However, the Company has
continued to maintain the required minimum levels of liquid assets as defined by
OTS regulations. This requirement, which may be varied at the direction of the
OTS depending upon economic conditions and deposit flows, is based upon a
percentage of deposits and short-term borrowings. The required ratio is
currently 5%. The Company's average liquidity ratios were 9.4%, 8.9% and 9.6%
35
for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively, and 7.6% and
10.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Management currently attempts to maintain a liquidity ratio between 5.0 and 8.0
percent.
The Company's cash flows are comprised of three primary
classifications: cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and
financing activities. Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities were
$(7.2) million and $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 and
1995, respectively, and were $(1.8) million, $(14.0) million, and $191,000 for
the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively. Net cash
provided by (used in) investing activities consisted primarily of investments
and mortgage-backed securities purchases, offset by principal collections on
loans and proceeds from maturation of investments and paydowns on mortgage-
backed securities. Proceeds from the maturation of investment securities and
paydowns of mortgage-backed securities were $2.0 million and $2.0 million for
the nine months ended September 30, 1996 and 1995, respectively, and $3.6
million, $19.2 million and $223,000 for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994
and 1993, respectively. Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
consisted primarily of net activity in deposit accounts and FHLB advances. The
net increase in deposits and advances was $5.8 million and $240,139 for the nine
months ended September 30, 1996 and 1995, respectively, and $596,081, $(6.3)
million and $(510,365) for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993,
respectively.
At September 30, 1996, the Bank exceeded all of its regulatory capital
requirements with a tangible capital level of $7.9 million, or 9.4% of total
adjusted assets, which is above the required level of $1.3 million, or 1.50%;
core capital of $7.9 million, or 9.4% of total adjusted assets, which is above
the required level of $2.6 million, or 3.0%, and risk-based capital of $8.6
million, or 16.1% of risk-weighted assets, which is above the required level of
$4.6 million, or 8.0%. See "Capitalization" and "Regulation - Federal Savings
Institutions Regulation - Capital Requirements."
The Company's most liquid assets are cash and short-term investments.
The levels of these assets are dependent on the Company's operating, financing,
lending and investing activities during any given period. At September 30, 1996,
cash and short-term investments totalled $15.4 million. The Company has other
sources of liquidity if a need for additional funds arises, including the
utilization of FHLB advances. At September 30, 1996, the Company had no advances
outstanding from the FHLB. Other sources of liquidity include investment
securities maturing within one year. On an on-going basis, the Company explores
opportunities to access credit lines as an additional source of funds for its
mortgage financing operations and expects to use the warehouse line of credit
and/or the repurchase financing facilities of a national investment banking firm
to fund loan originations in the near future. See "Risk Factors - Availability
of Funding Sources."
The Company currently has no material contractual obligations or
commitments for capital expenditures. At September 30, 1996 the Company had
outstanding commitments to originate mortgage loans and to purchase mortgage
loans of $3.2 million, and $5.8 million, respectively compared to $1.8 million
and $8.1 million, respectively at December 31, 1995. The Company anticipates
that it will have sufficient funds available to meet its current loan
origination commitments. See "Business of the Company - General." Certificates
of deposit which are scheduled to mature one year or less from September 30,
1996, totalled $46.9 million. The Company expects that a substantial portion of
the maturing certificates of deposit will be retained by the Company at
maturity.
IMPACT OF INFLATION AND CHANGING PRICES
The Financial Statements and Notes thereto presented herein have been
prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require the measurement of financial
position and operating results in terms of historical dollar amounts without
considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due
to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of the
Company's operations. Unlike industrial companies, nearly all of the assets and
liabilities of the Company are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates
have a greater impact on the Company's performance than do the effects of
general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same
direction or to the same extent as the price of goods and services.
36
IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In March 1995, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long Lived Assets and for
Long Lived Assets to be Disposed Of" ("SFAS No. 121"). SFAS No. 121 requires
that long lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles be reviewed for
impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of
an asset may not be recoverable. However, SFAS No. 121 does not apply to
financial instruments, core deposit intangibles, mortgage and other servicing
rights or deferred tax assets. The adoption of SFAS No. 121 in 1996 did not have
a material effect on the Company's income from operations or financial
condition.
Effective July 1, 1995, the Company adopted SFAS No. 122, "Accounting
for Mortgage Servicing Rights," which amended SFAS No. 65, "Accounting for
Certain Mortgage Banking Activities." SFAS No. 122 requires an institution that
purchases or originates mortgage loans and sells or securitizes those loans with
servicing rights retained to allocate the total cost of the mortgage loans to
the mortgage servicing rights and the loans (without the mortgage servicing
rights) based on their relative fair values. The impact of adopting SFAS No. 122
was an increase in pretax earnings of $594,000, net income of $438,000 and
earnings per share of $0.23, as adjusted, for the year ended December 31, 1995.
In 1995, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation," which encourages companies to account for stock compensation
awards based on their fair value at the date the awards are granted. SFAS No.
123 does not require the application of the fair value method and allows for the
continuance of current accounting methods, which require accounting for stock
compensation awards based on their intrinsic value as of the grant date.
However, SFAS No. 123 requires proforma disclosure of net income and, if
presented, earnings per share, as if the fair value based method of accounting
defined in this Statement had been applied. The accounting and disclosure
requirements of this Statement are effective for financial statements for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 1995. The Company did not adopt the
recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 with respect to the Stock Option Plan.
In June 1996 the FASB issued SFAS No. 125, "Accounting for Transfers
and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities" ("SFAS No.
125") which was amended by SFAS No. 127. This Statement provides accounting and
reporting standards for transfers and servicing of financial assets and
extinguishments of liabilities based on consistent application of a financial-
components approach that focuses on control. It distinguishes transfers of
financial assets that are sales from transfers that are secured borrowings.
Under the financial-components approach, after a transfer of financial assets,
an entity recognizes all financial and servicing assets it controls and
liabilities it has incurred and derecognizes financial assets it no longer
controls and liabilities that have been extinguished. The financial-components
approach focuses on the assets and liabilities that exist after the transfer.
Many of these assets and liabilities are components of financial assets that
existed prior to the transfer. If a transfer does not meet the criteria for a
sale, the transfer is accounted for as a secured borrowing with pledge of
collateral. The Statement is effective for transfers and servicing of financial
assets and extinguishments of liabilities occurring after December 31, 1996.
Retroactive application of this Statement is not permitted. The Company does not
anticipate that the implementation of SFAS No. 125 will have a material impact
on its results of operations or financial condition.
37
LIFE FINANCIAL CORP.
Life Financial Corp. is a Delaware corporation recently organized by
the Bank as a financial services holding company. The Company will own all of
the capital stock of the Bank upon completion of the Reorganization. Immediately
following the Reorganization, the only significant assets of the Company will be
the capital stock of the Bank and the net proceeds of the Offering. Net proceeds
received by the Company will be used to (i) acquire Residuals generated by the
Bank during the Securitization; (ii) acquire an interest in or establish a
subsidiary for the purpose of providing short term warehouse lines of credit;
(iii) downstream proceeds to the Bank as necessary to fund additional purchases
and sales of loans; and (iv) fund general business activities including possible
acquisitions of related businesses as opportunities arise. However, the Company
has not entered into any arrangement, agreement or understanding with respect to
future acquisitions and there can be no assurance that it will do so in the
future. On an interim basis, the net proceeds are expected to be invested in
short to intermediate-term investment securities and mortgage-backed securities.
See "Use of Proceeds" and "Business of the Company."
The Company's principal executive offices are located at 4110 Tigris
Way, Riverside, California 92503 and its telephone number at that location is
(909) 280-5100.
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
The Bank originally was chartered as a stock savings and loan
association under the laws of the State of California in 1983 and became a
federally chartered stock savings bank in 1991. The Bank conducts its business
from its home office in San Bernardino, California, mortgage financing office in
Riverside, California, a loan center in Jacksonville, Florida and a recently
established loan center in the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area. At
September 30, 1996, the Bank had total assets of $84.4 million, total deposits
of $73.3 million and total equity of $7.9 million. The Bank's deposits are
insured up to the maximum allowable amount by the SAIF of the FDIC.
The Bank's corporate offices are located at 1598 East Highland Avenue,
San Bernardino, California 92404 and its telephone number is (909) 886-9751.
BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY
BACKGROUND
General. The Company originates, purchases, sells and services
primarily non-conventional mortgage loans principally secured by first and
second mortgages on one- to four-family residences. The Company has focused on
Liberator Series loans which are for the purchase or refinance of residential
real property by borrowers who, because of prior credit problems or the absence
of a credit history, are considered "sub-prime borrowers" or loans which have
other non-conforming features. In addition, the Company has originated a
substantial number of Portfolio Series loans which are debt consolidation loans
for Agency Qualified borrowers. The Company purchases and originates mortgage
loans and other real estate secured loans through a network of approved
correspondents and mortgage brokers on a nationwide basis. Except for a limited
number of loans specifically originated for retention in the Company's portfolio
as loans held for investment, since 1994, loans originated or purchased through
the loan operation are generally originated for sale in the secondary mortgage
market and, more recently, in asset securitizations. During the fourth quarter
of 1996, the Company securitized $51.9 million of loans in a "AAA" rated
securitization. The Company generally retains the servicing rights on the
majority of loans sold and securitized and may sell servicing rights at a later
date depending on market opportunities. In addition, the Company engages in
retail lending activities in its primary market area on a limited basis. The
Company funds substantially all of the loans which it purchases or originates
through deposits from customers concentrated in the communities surrounding its
home office in San Bernardino, internally generated funds, and FHLB advances. In
the immediate and foreseeable future, the Company also plans to fund loans from
the proceeds derived from asset securitizations. On an on-going basis, the
Company explores opportunities to access credit lines as an additional source of
funds and expects to use
38
the warehouse line of credit and/or the repurchase financing facilities of a
national investment banking firm to fund loan originations in the future. There
can be no assurances, however, that the Company will be able to complete future
asset securitizations as planned or that the Company will be able to access
lines of credit. See "Risk Factors - Risks Related to Asset Securitizations" and
" - Availability of Funding Sources."
Strategy. During the early 1990s, Southern California experienced
reduced employment levels as a result of the downsizing of the defense industry,
corporate relocations and the general weakness of the national economy.
Additionally, the area experienced a general weakening of real estate values and
a reduction in home sales and construction. At the same time, the Company
experienced increased competition both in originating and selling conforming
loans, which resulted in nominal growth in the Company's lending operations
during this time. Consequently, the Company's results of operations were
adversely impacted and the Company began to experience increases in total
non-performing loans held for investment.
In 1994, the Company retained new management experienced in the
sub-prime business to reorganize its lending operations and revise underwriting
policies and procedures. A strategic plan was developed for the Company pursuant
to which (1) the Company reorganized its lending strategies, changing strategies
from a strategy which emphasized traditional mortgage banking operations and
traditional portfolio lending to a financial services operation strategy
focusing on the origination for sale, while retaining servicing, of (i)
Portfolio Series loans; (ii) Liberator Series loans; (iii) commercial real
estate loans; and (iv) multi-family real estate loans; (2) the Company adopted
revised underwriting procedures and instituted more aggressive procedures for
resolving problem loans and for reducing the level of non-performing assets; and
(3) the Company improved its profitability.
As part of the Company's strategic plan, the Company developed an
internal structure of operating divisions, each with distinct objectives and
management focus including (i) the Financial Services Division, with emphasis on
wholesale origination of residential mortgage loans; (ii) the Income Capital
Services Division which originates and sells commercial and multi-family loans;
(iii) the Retail Loan Division which concentrates on offering the Company's loan
products to the public primarily in the Company's primary market area; (iv) the
Asset Management Division which services loans and REO for both the Company and
for purchasers of loans (the "Investors"); and (v) the Banking Division which
offers depository services to the public. Within this structure, the Company
began to implement its strategic plan and as a result of this strategy:
. The Company has experienced considerable growth in loan
production, as total purchases and originations increased from
$72.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1994 to $134.8
million for the year ended December 31, 1995 and were $148.4
million for the nine months ended September 30, 1996.
Similarly, the Company's loan sales increased from $65.7
million for the year ended December 31, 1994 to $126.9 million
for the year ended December 31, 1995 and were $141.2 million
for the nine month period ended September 30, 1996. Gains from
mortgage financing operations increased from $1.4 million for
the year ended December 31, 1994 to $3.6 million for the year
ended December 31, 1995 and were $3.8 million for the nine
months ended September 30, 1996. Loan servicing and other fees
have increased from $164,000 for the year ended December 31,
1994 to $231,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995 and were
$321,000 for the nine month period ended September 30, 1996.
At September 30, 1996 the Company was servicing $123.4 million
of loans for others.
. Non-performing assets as a percent of total assets have
decreased from 5.05% at December 31, 1993 to 3.36% at
September 30, 1996. Non-performing loans as a percent of gross
loans receivable has decreased from 3.24% at December 31, 1993
to 2.94% at September 30, 1996 while the allowance for
estimated loan losses as a percent of gross loans receivable
has increased from 0.65% at December 31, 1993 to 1.63% at
September 30, 1996. The level of non-performing loans as a
percent of gross loans receivable and the level of non-
performing assets to total assets have
39
increased to 2.94% and 3.36%, respectively, during the nine
months ended September 30, 1996 from 2.17% and 3.00%,
respectively, at December 31, 1995.
. Primarily due to the success of the Company's mortgage
financing operations, the Company's net income increased to
$520,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995 despite the
costs of resolving problem loans originated in prior periods.
The Company had net income of $93,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1993 and experienced a net loss of $671,000 for
the year ended December 31, 1994. For the nine months ended
September 30, 1996, the Company had net income of $168,000.
Non-interest income increased from $1.4 million for the year
ended December 31, 1993 to $1.7 million for the year ended
December 31, 1994 to $4.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 1995 and was $4.3 million for the nine month
period ended September 30, 1996. Non-interest expense
increased from $4.4 million for the year ended December 31,
1995 to $5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30,
1996. This increase was primarily due to the Company's
$448,000 share of an industry-wide special assessment levied
against the March 31, 1995 deposit bases of all savings
institutions in the country with deposits insured by the SAIF
in order to recapitalize the SAIF and a non-recurring expense
for compensation and benefits of $354,000 which was incurred
in the nine months ended September 30, 1996. Net income for
the nine months ended September 30, 1996, would have been
$650,000 if these charges had not been incurred. See
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations."
RESTRUCTURING
General. In 1996, management of the Bank determined that in order to
become a full service financial services company it would be necessary (i) to
reorganize into the holding company form of organization, (ii) to form separate
holding company subsidiaries, (iii) to restructure the Bank by forming separate
operating subsidiaries, and (iv) to raise additional capital to fund operations
and expansion.
The Reorganization. The Boards of Directors of the Company and the Bank
unanimously approved and entered into the Plan of Reorganization pursuant to
which the Bank will be reorganized into a holding company structure and become a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, subject to the approval of the Bank's
stockholders. See "The Reorganization." Management believes that the holding
company form of organization will provide the Company with more flexibility and
a greater ability to compete with other financial services companies in the
market place.
Formation of Company Subsidiary. The Company has established Life
Investment Holdings, a bankruptcy remote entity, for the purpose of holding the
Residuals created by its asset securitizations. Immediately upon the completion
of the Offerings, the Company will acquire $7.3 million of Residuals resulting
from the Securitization completed in the fourth quarter of 1996. Due to
regulatory restrictions, the Bank is limited in the amount of investment in
Residuals that it can retain. It is intended that any future Residuals will be
purchased by this subsidiary, as a result of such regulatory limitations. See
"Business of the Company - Investments."
In addition to the foregoing, upon the completion of the Offerings, the
Company may acquire or establish a subsidiary to provide warehouse lines of
credit to meet the cash flow needs of smaller loan originators on a short-term
basis, which it is expected will in turn create additional sources of loans for
the Company to purchase and securitize. See "Use of Proceeds."
40
Formation of Operating Subsidiaries. Applications and notices are in
the process of being prepared for filing with the appropriate regulatory
agencies to form several operating subsidiaries.
. Life Financial Services, which primarily operates out of an
owned facility in Riverside, California, will assume the
functions of the Life Financial Services Division of the Bank.
This subsidiary will continue to focus on Liberator Series
loans, which are loans for the purchase or refinancing of
residential real property by borrowers who, because of prior
credit problems or the absence of a credit history, are
considered "sub-prime borrowers" and on other non-conforming
loans. In addition, this subsidiary will continue to originate
Portfolio Series loans, which are debt consolidation loans for
Agency Qualified Borrowers. During the fourth quarter of 1996,
the Company securitized $51.9 million of loans through a
public offering of "AAA rated," credit enhanced, asset-backed
securities. See "Business of the Company - Loan Sales and
Asset Securitizations." Through this subsidiary, the Company
intends to conduct asset securitizations at a rate of one per
quarter and, in the future, plans to transfer this subsidiary
directly to the Company. There can be no assurance, however,
that any asset securitizations will be completed in the
future. The Bank raised $3.5 million net in the Private
Placement during the third quarter of 1996 which provided it
with the capital to undertake its first asset securitization.
Although there can be no assurances in this regard, management
intends to expand the operations of this subsidiary and
expects its operations to create a major source of revenue for
the Company.
. Life Income Capital is being established for the purpose of
originating and selling multi-family and commercial real
estate loans. Prior to the third quarter of 1996, the Bank was
substantially limited in its ability to originate such loans
by its level of available capital. Although the Bank had the
ability to raise the funds to finance such loans prior to the
third quarter of 1996, with the level of leveraging needed to
do so, it would have been unable to maintain its required
capital ratios during the period of origination to sale.
Although there can be no assurances in this regard, management
intends to expand the operations of this subsidiary and
expects its operations to create a major source of revenue for
the Company. See "Risk Factors - Real Estate Secured Risks"
for a discussion of the risks associated with multi-family and
commercial real estate lending.
. Life Asset Management is being established as a direct
subsidiary of the Bank to service loans and REO for both the
Bank and for purchasers of loans.
The Retail Lending Division and the Banking Depository Division will
remain within the Bank. In addition, as part of its liquidity and investment
portfolios, the Bank will continue to hold investments in U.S. government and
agency securities. As part of its ongoing commitment to the Southern California
area and more specifically to the Inland Empire region, which consists of the
counties of San Bernardino and Riverside, the Bank will lend to and invest in
community development programs. As of January 1997, the Bank had committed to
lend or invest $2.5 million in such projects. See " - Lending Activities - One-
to Four-Family Lending."
Capital Raising. In order to fund the acquisition of the Residuals
currently in the Bank's portfolio, to acquire or form a subsidiary to provide
warehouse lines of credit and for general corporate purposes, including the
origination and purchase of loans to be securitized or sold in the secondary
market and the growth and expansion of operations through the establishment of
retail lending and mortgage banking offices, the Company is conducting the
Public Offering to raise approximately $17.9 million in Net Proceeds in
connection with the Reorganization.
MARKET AREA AND COMPETITION
As a purchaser and originator of mortgage loans, the Company faces
intense competition, primarily from mortgage banking companies, commercial
banks, credit unions, thrift institutions, credit card issuers and finance
companies. Many of these competitors in the financial services business are
substantially larger and have more
41
capital and other resources than the Company. Furthermore, certain large
national finance companies and conforming mortgage originators have announced
their intention to adapt their conforming origination programs and allocate
resources to the origination of non-conforming loans. In addition, certain of
these larger mortgage companies and commercial banks have begun to offer
products similar to those offered by the Company targeting customers similar to
those of the Company. The entrance of these competitors into the Company's
market could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of
operations and financial condition.
Competition can take many forms, including convenience in obtaining a
loan, service, marketing and distribution channels and interest rates.
Furthermore, the current level of gains realized by the Company and its
competitors on the sale of the type of loans purchased and originated is
attracting additional competitors, including at least one quasi-governmental
agency, into this market with the effect of lowering the gains that may be
realized by the Company on future loan sales. Competition may be affected by
fluctuations in interest rates and general economic conditions. During periods
of rising rates, competitors which have "locked in" low borrowing costs may have
a competitive advantage. During periods of declining rates, competitors may
solicit the Company's borrowers to refinance their loans. During economic
slowdowns or recessions, the Company's borrowers may have new financial
difficulties and may be receptive to offers by the Company's competitors.
The Company depends largely on correspondents and brokers for its
purchases and originations of new loans. The Company's competitors also seek to
establish relationships with the Company's correspondents and brokers. The
Company's future results may become more exposed to fluctuations in the volume
and cost of its wholesale loans resulting from competition from other purchasers
of such loans, market conditions and other factors.
In addition, the Company faces increasing competition for deposits and
other financial products from non-bank institutions such as brokerage firms and
insurance companies in such areas as short-term money market funds, corporate
and government securities funds, mutual funds and annuities. In order to compete
with these other institutions with respect to deposits and fee services, the
Company relies principally upon local promotional activities, personal
relationships established by officers, directors and employees of the Company
and specialized services tailored to meet the individual needs of the Company's
customers.
COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS
Management believes that its competitive strengths include prompt,
responsive service, its underwriting process, an extensive correspondent network
with which the Company has had previous experience and repeat business and a
diversified network of investors to which the Company sells loans in the
secondary mortgage market. As a result of its Securitization of $51.9 million of
loans in the fourth quarter of 1996, the Company has established a relationship
with a nationally recognized investment banking firm with whom or through whom
it intends to offer future asset securitizations. There can be no assurances,
however, that any future asset securitizations will be undertaken or completed.
See "Risk Factors - Risks Related to Asset Securitizations" and "Business of the
Company - Loan Sales and Asset Securitizations." Management believes that it has
the capacity to process more loans than it currently is processing and that it
can process such loans at a lower cost than some of its competitors. In most
cases, the Company conditionally approves loans within 48 hours from receipt of
an application and funds loans immediately upon receipt of all conditions for
approval of the loan. Life Financial Service's ability to process and fund loans
is further enhanced by the support and complementary operations of the Company.
Management believes that the Company's underwriting process is also enhanced by
its experienced staff and their utilization of a software program designed to
evaluate the borrower's credit history based upon geographic location,
demographic information and other credit scoring techniques.
42
LENDING ACTIVITIES
Loan Portfolio Composition. At September 30, 1996, the Company had
--------------------------
gross loans outstanding of $62.9 million, of which $24.5 million were held for
sale. The Company's gross loan portfolio consists of $60.0 million or 81.1% of
mortgage loans secured by one- to four-family residences. The remainder of the
portfolio consists of $8.2 million of commercial real estate and land loans, or
13.0% of total gross loans; $3.4 million of multi-family mortgage loans, or 5.4%
of total gross loans; and $337,000 of consumer and other loans, or 0.5% of total
gross loans. At September 30, 1996, 69.6% of the Company's mortgage loans had
adjustable interest rates. In recent periods, the Company has sought to decrease
the percentage of adjustable-rate mortgage loans held for investment which are
tied to COFI, an index that lags changes in general market rates of interest and
increase the percentage tied to LIBOR or U.S. Treasury security indices as these
tend to reprice more frequently. It is the current practice of the Company to
only invest in loans which are tied to COFI on a case by case basis. Of the
Company's adjustable-rate mortgage loans at September 30, 1996, 63.4% were
indexed to COFI, 6.8% were indexed to the prime rate and 29.8% were indexed to
either the LIBOR or U.S. Treasury security indices.
The types of loans that the Company may originate are subject to
federal and state law and regulations. Interest rates charged by the Company on
loans are affected by the demand for such loans and the supply of money
available for lending purposes and the rates offered by competitors. These
factors are, in turn, affected by, among other things, economic conditions,
monetary policies of the federal government, including the Federal Reserve
Board, and legislative tax policies.
43
The following table sets forth the composition of the Company's loan
portfolio in dollar amounts and as a percentage of the portfolio at the dates
indicated.
At September 30, At December 31,
--------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994 1993
--------------------- ---------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Percent Percent Percent Percent
of of of of
Amount Total Amount Total Amount Total Amount Total
----------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- -------- ----------
(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate(1):
Residential:
One- to four-family.................. $50,967 81.05% $54,298 84.10% $53,755 82.62% $55,841 83.01%
Multi-family......................... 3,405 5.41 2,412 3.74 2,685 4.12 2,296 3.41
Commercial and land.................... 8,174 13.00 7,522 11.66 8,131 12.50 8,389 12.47
Other loans:
Loans secured by deposit accounts...... 201 0.32 186 0.29 213 0.33 396 0.59
Unsecured commercial loans............. 68 0.11 70 0.11 197 0.30 190 0.28
Unsecured consumer loans............... 68 0.11 63 0.10 84 0.13 162 0.24
------- ------ ------- ------ ------- ------ ------- ------
Total gross loans.................. 62,883 100.00% 64,551 100.00% 65,065 100.00% 67,274 100.00%
====== ====== ====== ======
Less:
Deferred loan origination (costs) fees. (502) (7) 56 109
Allowance for estimated loan losses.... 1,028 1,177 832 436
------- ------- ------- -------
Loans receivable, net.............. $62,357 $63,381 $64,177 $66,729
======= ======= ======= =======
At December 31,
-------------------------------------------
1992 1991
---------------------- -------------------
Percent Percent
of of
Amount Total Amount Total
---------- ---------- -------- ---------
(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate(1):
Residential:
One- to four-family.................. $53,816 81.68% $50,255 80.19%
Multi-family......................... 2,338 3.55 2,212 3.53
Commercial and land.................... 8,930 13.55 9,042 14.43
Other loans:
Loans secured by deposit accounts...... 381 0.58 675 1.08
Unsecured commercial loans............. 224 0.34 39 0.06
Unsecured consumer loans............... 200 0.30 444 0.71
------- ------ ------- ------
Total gross loans.................. 65,889 100.00% 62,667 100.00%
====== ======
Less:
Deferred loan origination (costs) fees. 209 173
Allowance for estimated loan losses.... 308 300
------- -------
Loans receivable, net.............. $65,372 $62,194
======= =======
- --------------------
(1) Includes second trust deeds.
44
Loan Maturity. The following table shows the contractual maturity of
the Company's gross loans at September 30, 1996. There were $24.9 million of
loans held for sale, net, at September 30, 1996. The table does not include
principal prepayments.
At September 30, 1996
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total
One- to Multi- Commercial Other Loans
Four-Family Family and Land Loans Receivable
-------------- -------------- -------------- ------------ --------------
(Dollars in thousands)
Amounts due:
One year or less................................ $ 831 $ - $ 841 $274 $ 1,946
After one year: -
More than one year to three years............ 1,025 - 368 63 1,456
More than three years to five years.......... 903 129 2,572 - 3,604
More than five years to 10 years............. 868 - 2,231 - 3,099
More than 10 years to 20 years............... 14,594 348 1,114 - 16,056
More than 20 years........................... 32,746 2,928 1,048 - 36,722
------ ------ ------ ---- -------
Total amount due.......................... 50,967 3,405 8,174 337 62,883
Less:
Undisbursed loan funds....................... - - - - -
Unamortized discounts, net................... (481) - - - (481)
Deferred loan origination fees (costs)....... (50) 17 12 - (21)
Allowance for estimated loan losses.......... 887 20 112 9 1,028
----- ------ ------ ---- -------
Total loans, net.......................... 50,611 3,368 8,050 328 62,357
Loans held for sale, net..................... 22,795 1,308 804 - 24,907
------ ------ ------ ---- -------
Loans receivable, net........................ $27,816 $2,060 $7,246 $328 $37,450
======= ====== ====== ==== =======
45
The following table sets forth at September 30, 1996, the dollar amount
of gross loans receivable contractually due after September 30, 1997, and
whether such loans have fixed interest rates or adjustable interest rates.
Due After September 30, 1997
--------------------------------------------------
Fixed Adjustable Total
------------- -------------- --------------
(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Residential:
One- to four-family.................... $17,911 $32,225 $50,136
Multi-family........................... 98 3,307 3,405
Commercial and land...................... 529 6,804 7,333
Other loans.............................. 63 - 63
------- ------- -------
Total gross loans receivable......... $18,601 $42,336 $60,937
======= ======= =======
Origination and Purchase of Loans. The Company has concentrated its
efforts on developing market niches for the origination and purchase of real
estate secured loans. In recent years through Life Financial Services, the
Company has focused on Liberator Series loans which are loans for the purchase
or refinance of one- to four-family residential real property by borrowers who,
because of prior credit problems or the absence of a credit history are
considered "sub-prime borrowers," and loans which otherwise do not conform to
FHLMC or FNMA guidelines ("conforming loans"). Loans to sub-prime borrowers are
perceived by the Company's management as being advantageous to the Company
because they generally have higher interest rates and origination and servicing
fees and generally lower loan-to-value ratios than conforming loans. In
addition, management believes the Company has the resources to adequately
resolve loans acquired pursuant to this program which become non-performing
after acquisition. The Company has established specific underwriting policies
and procedures, invested in facilities and systems and developed correspondent
relationships with various entities and brokers throughout the country which has
enabled the Company to develop its niche as an originator and purchaser of one-
to four-family residential loans to sub-prime borrowers. The Company also
engages in the origination of loans in its primary market area. See "Risk
Factors - Credit Risks of Liberator Series Loans."
The Company originates both adjustable-rate and fixed-rate mortgage
loans. Although most fixed-rate loans are underwritten to the Company's
published guidelines and to qualify for sale to non-quasi governmental agencies,
the Company may originate loans which conform to FHLMC or FNMA guidelines. The
Company's ability to originate loans is dependent upon the relative customer
demand for fixed-rate or adjustable-rate mortgage loans, which is affected by
the current and expected future level of interest rates. At September 30, 1996,
69.6% of the Company's mortgage loans held for investment had adjustable-rates.
The Company's adjustable-rate mortgage loans require that any payment adjustment
resulting from a change in the interest rate be made to both the interest and
payment in order to result in full amortization of the loan by the end of the
loan term, and thus, do not permit negative amortization.
In continuing with its tradition as a niche market lender and as part
of its revised lending strategy, the Company, through Life Income Capital, has
recently begun to focus its efforts on the origination and purchase of
multi-family and commercial real estate loans. Specifically, the Company has
begun to target the market for borrowers seeking loans in the range of $50,000
to $750,000 which are secured by multi-family properties or
46
properties used for commercial business purposes such as small office buildings,
light industrial or retail facilities. To date, the Company has been limited in
its ability to originate such loans by its level of available capital. Although
there can be no assurances in this regard, management intends to expand the
operations of this subsidiary, thereby adding a source of revenue for the
Company as well as providing loans for future securitizations. There can be no
assurances, however, that any such securitization will be completed in the
future.
The Company has originated a substantial number of Portfolio Series
loans which are debt consolidation loans for Agency Qualified borrowers both on
a wholesale basis and through its Retail Lending Division. These loans are
consumer-oriented loans secured by real estate, primarily home equity lines of
credit and second deeds of trust, for up to 125% of the appraised value of the
real estate underlying the aggregate loans on the property. It is the Company's
intent to open retail store-front operations to expand the operations of the
Retail Lending division. See "Risk Factors - High Loan to Value Ratios of
Portfolio Series Loans."
The Company's mortgage financing and servicing operations are conducted
primarily through its mortgage financing office in Riverside, California, a loan
center in Jacksonville, Florida and a recently established loan center in the
Denver, Colorado metropolitan area. The primary focus of the operations of the
Riverside office is mortgage banking. The Company may open additional loan
centers in other parts of the country if market opportunities warrant. From its
present locations, the Company is able to originate or purchase loans in 40
states. For the nine months ended September 30, 1996, 39.9% of the property
securing the loans funded by the Company were located in California, 12.4% were
located in Utah, 8.7% were located in Colorado, 6.9% were located in Florida and
the remainder were dispersed throughout the country. The Company's mortgage
lending originations and purchases through its mortgage financing operation for
the nine months ended September 30, 1996 totalled $148.4 million compared to
$96.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 and $134.8 million,
$72.8 million and $82.0 million for the year's ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and
1993, respectively. Except for loans specifically originated by the Company to
be held for investment, loans originated or purchased through the mortgage
financing operation are originated for sale in the secondary mortgage market or
for sale in asset securitizations. All loans originated by the Company, either
through internal sources or through correspondent relationships are underwritten
by the Company pursuant to the Company's policies and procedures. Such
correspondent institutions originate loans based on guidelines provided by the
Company and promptly sell the loans to the Company on a servicing-released
basis.
Loan Sales and Asset Securitizations. Except for loans specifically
originated by the Company to be held for investment, loans originated or
purchased through the mortgage financing operation are originated or purchased
for sale in the secondary mortgage market and, more recently, through asset
securitizations. Loans are sold pursuant to purchase, sale and servicing
agreements negotiated with institutional investors to purchase loans meeting the
Company's underwriting criteria. The agreements do not require the Company to
deliver any specific amount of mortgage loans. The Company expects to enter into
new commitments with these entities and other investors in the ordinary course
of business. The Company retains the servicing rights on the majority of
mortgage loans sold. However, the Company also sells loans on a servicing
released basis in which the Company will temporarily continue to subservice the
loans for a period of up to nine months. For the year ended December 31, 1994
and 1995 and the nine months ended September 30, 1996, the Company sold $65.7
million, $126.9 million and $141.1 million in loans, respectively.
The Company completed its first asset securitization of $51.9 million
of Portfolio Series and Liberator Series Loans during the fourth quarter of 1996
and generated $4.3 million of gains on sales from the Securitization. Upon
completion of the Reorganization and the Offering, the residuals will be
purchased by Life Investment Holdings, a bankruptcy remote entity which is
currently being organized by the Company, for purposes of holding the Residuals
created by the Securitization and any future asset securitizations.
Securitizations are expected to allow the Company to increase its loan
acquisition and origination volume, reduce the risks associated with interest
rate fluctuations and provide access to longer term funding sources. The Company
currently intends to conduct asset securitizations at a rate of one per quarter
either through private placements or in public offerings. The Company plans to
securitize
47
a portfolio of residential and consumer loans during in the first quarter of
1997. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully
implement this strategy.
In a securitization, a company will generally transfer a pool of loans
to a separate entity (a "Special Purpose Entity") with the Company retaining the
excess cash flows (the "Residuals") from the asset securitization which are the
difference between the note rate of the mortgages and the coupon rate of the
securities after adjustment for servicing and other costs such as trustee fees
and credit enhancement fees, which constitutes the proceeds of the securities
issued by the Special Purpose Entity. The cash generally will be used to repay
borrowings used to finance the pool of loans that were acquired by the company.
Generally, the holders of the securities from the asset securitization are
entitled to receive scheduled principal collected on the pool of securitized
loans and interest at the pass-through interest rate on the certificate balance.
The Residuals represent the subordinated right to receive cash flows from the
pool of securitized loans after payment of the required amounts to the holders
of the securities and the costs associated with the securitization.
The Company may arrange for credit enhancement for a transaction to
achieve an improved credit rating on the securities issued if this improves the
level of profitability for such transaction. This credit enhancement may take
the form of an insurance and indemnity policy, insuring the holders of the
securities of timely payment of the scheduled pass-through interest and
principal. In addition, the pooling and servicing agreements that govern the
distribution of cash flows from the loan pool included in a transaction
typically require over-collateralization as an additional means of credit
enhancement. Over-collateralization may in some cases also require an initial
deposit, the sale of loans at less than par or retention in the Special Purpose
Entity of collections from the pool until a specified over-collateralization
amount has been attained. In the case of the Securitization, the
over-collateralization was in the form of a cash deposit. The purpose of the
over-collateralization is to provide a source of payment in the event of higher
than anticipated credit losses. Losses resulting from defaults by borrowers on
the payment of principal or interest on the loans in a securitized loan pool
will reduce the over-collateralization to the extent that funds are available
and may result in a reduction in the value of the Residuals. See "Risk Factors -
Risks Related to Asset Securitizations."
The Company classifies Residuals as trading securities which are
recorded at fair value with any unrealized gains or losses recorded in the
results of operations in the period of the change in fair value. Valuations at
origination and at each reporting period will be based on discounted cash flow
analyses. The cash flows will be estimated as the excess of the weighted average
coupon on a pool of loans sold over the sum of the pass-through interest rate, a
servicing fee, a trustee fee, an insurance fee and an estimate of annual future
credit losses related to the loans securitized, over the life of the loans.
These cash flows are projected over the life of the loans using prepayment,
default, loss, and interest rate assumptions that market participants would use
for similar financial instruments subject to prepayment, credit and interest
rate risk and are discounted using an interest rate that a purchaser unrelated
to the seller of such a financial instrument would demand. At origination, the
Company utilized a prepayment assumption of 17.0%, an estimated loss factor
assumption of 1.5% and a weighted average discount rate of 13.5% for the loans
securitized during the fourth quarter of 1996, to value Residuals. The valuation
includes consideration of characteristics of the loans including loan type and
size, interest rate, origination date, term and geographic location. The Company
also uses other available information such as externally prepared reports on
prepayments rates, collateral value, economic forecasts and historical default
and prepayment rates of the portfolio under review. To the Company's knowledge,
there is no active market for the sale of these Residuals. The range of values
attributable to the factors used in determining fair value is broad.
Accordingly, the Company's estimate of fair value is subjective.
The Company intends to retain the servicing rights to the loans it
securitizes. Servicing rights in the amount of $722,000 were retained in the
Securitization completed during the fourth quarter of 1996.
48
Use and Qualifications of Originators. The Company purchases loans from
originators throughout the country. Such originators must be approved by the
Company prior to submitting loans to the Company. Pursuant to the Company's
approval process, each originator is generally required to have a specified
minimum level of experience in originating non-conforming loans, and provide
representations, warranties, and buy-back provisions to the Company. The Company
generally classifies the originators with which it does business into four
classes with descending priority with regard to the terms and the pricing of the
loans the Company purchases from such originators. Correspondents are those
originators that have a minimum net worth of $250,000 and (1) have been in
business for at least two years; (2) have demonstrated a capacity to do a
substantial business; (3) have a warehouse credit facility available to finance
their operations; and (4) have errors and omissions insurance in the amount of
$1.0 million. Third party originators and junior correspondents have unaudited
net worth of $50,000 and $100,000, respectively, and (1) have been in business
for at least two years; (2) in the case of junior correspondents, have a
warehouse line of credit; and (3) have errors and omissions insurance in the
amount of $300,000. Mortgage brokers are those persons who do not meet the
specific foregoing criteria but have demonstrated to the Company, or have a
reputation for, the ability to originate real estate secured loans and have
acceptable credit and finance industry references. Substantially all loans
purchased are purchased on an individual basis from correspondents or brokers
with whom the Company has developed relationships. As of September 30, 1996, the
Company did business with approximately 526 mortgage brokers and third party
originators and approximately 115 correspondents and junior correspondents
throughout the country.
Loan Servicing. The Company's loan servicing activities include (i) the
collection and remittance of mortgage loan payments, (ii) accounting for
principal and interest and other collections and expenses, (iii) holding and
disbursing escrow or impounding funds for real estate taxes and insurance
premiums, (iv) inspecting properties when appropriate, (v) contacting delinquent
borrowers, and (vi) acting as fiduciary in foreclosing and disposing of
collateral properties. The Company receives a servicing fee for performing these
services for others. For the nine months ended September 30, 1996, the Company
earned $399,000 in servicing fees. The Company recognizes, at the time of sale,
the gain or loss on the sale of the loans based on the difference between the
weighted average contractual yield of the loans sold, adjusted for normal
servicing fee rates, and the yield guaranteed to the purchaser over the
estimated life of the loan. At September 30, 1996 there were $24.9 million of
mortgage loans categorized as held for sale. The Company sells loans to a number
of different investors with which it does business. As such, Management believes
that no one investor relationship constitutes the predominant source of sales
for the Company and the Company does not rely on any specific entities for sales
of its loans. In addition, with the commencement of its asset securitization
program, the Company established an additional outlet for the sale of its loans.
However, there can be no assurances that future asset securitizations will be
commenced or completed successfully. See "Risk Factors - Risks of Asset
Securitizations."
While most of the Company's servicing portfolio is generated through
the Company's origination and purchase activities, when economically attractive,
the Company has, from time to time, made bulk purchases of mortgage servicing
rights from financial institutions. The Company does not intend to make
significant bulk purchases of servicing rights in the near future but may do so
depending on market opportunities. The mortgage loans underlying the servicing
rights retained by the Company have been underwritten by the Company. These
servicing rights were either originated by mortgage brokers or purchased through
various programs from correspondents or junior correspondents. The costs to
acquire servicing are based on the present value of the estimated future
servicing revenues, net of the expected servicing expenses, for each
acquisition. Major factors impacting the value of servicing rights include
contractual service fee rates, projected mortgage prepayment speed, projected
delinquencies and foreclosures, projected escrow, agency and fiduciary funds to
be held in connection with such servicing and the projected benefit to be
realized from such funds. See "Risk Factors - Risks Related to Mortgage
Servicing Rights." At September 30, 1996, the Company serviced $123.4 million of
loans for others. Any future growth of the mortgage servicing portfolio will be
generated primarily through the retention of servicing rights on mortgage loans
originated or purchased by the Company.
49
The following tables set forth the Company's loan originations,
purchases, sales and principal repayments for the periods indicated:
For the Nine Months
Ended September 30, For the Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1995 1994 1993
------------ ----------- -------------- -------------- --------------
(Dollars in thousands)
Gross loans(1):
Beginning balance............... $63,381 $64,177 $ 64,177 $ 66,729 $ 65,372
Loans originated:
One- to four-family(2)..... 61,481 24,938 38,259 34,740 69,912
Multi-family............... 1,613 - - 85 -
Commercial and land........ 5,546 - - 266 -
Other loans................ 117 253 358 452 554
------- ------- -------- -------- --------
Total loans originated... 68,757 25,191 38,617 35,543 70,466
Loans purchased.............. 79,632 71,678 96,155 37,272 11,549
------- ------- -------- -------- --------
Total.................... 211,770 161,046 198,949 139,544 147,387
Less:
Principal repayments......... 6,413 4,359 6,026 6,915 4,901
Sales of loans............... 141,150 92,479 126,875 65,713 71,017
Transfer to REO.............. 1,999 2,136 2,322 2,343 4,612
Change in allowance for
estimated loan losses...... (149) (64) 345 396 128
------- ------- -------- -------- --------
Total loans..................... 62,357 62,136 63,381 64,177 66,729
Loans held for sale, net..... 24,907 18,987 21,688 17,097 2,345
------- ------- -------- -------- --------
Ending balance loans held for
investment, net............ $37,450 $43,149 $ 41,693 $ 47,080 $ 64,384
======= ======= ======== ======== ========
- ------------------------
(1) Gross loans includes loans held for investment and loans held for sale.
(2) Includes second trust deeds.
50
One- to Four-Family Mortgage Lending. The Company originates and
purchases both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage loans with maturities up
to 30 years, secured primarily by first trust deeds on one- to four-family
residences. The Company also originates second trust deeds. During the nine
months ended September 30, 1996, the Company originated or purchased $29.5
million of second trust deed loans. Except for loans specifically originated to
be held for investment, all loans originated or purchased through the mortgage
financing operation are originated or purchased for sale in the secondary
mortgage market and/or through securitizations. See "- Loan Sales and Asset
Securitizations." As part of its strategy, the Company intends to continue to
expand the volume of Liberator Series loans which it originates and purchases to
market areas throughout the country to sub-prime borrowers who meet its niche
lending criteria. Loan originations are obtained from the Company's loan
representatives and their contacts with the local real estate industry, existing
or past customers, members of the local communities and wholesale correspondents
and brokers on a nationwide basis. The Company intends to continue to originate
loans to be held for investment and may originate loans which conform to FNMA or
FHLMC guidelines in order to meet this objective. At September 30, 1996, $37.5
million, or 61.0%, of the Company's gross loan portfolio was held for
investment, substantially all of which was secured by properties located in
California.
As part of the Company's ongoing commitment to the Southern California
area, and more specifically the Inland Empire region, the Company has committed
to lend and invest $2.5 million, designated as investments in Community
Development. This investment in the local community may be used for (i) lending
for home improvement in low to moderate income areas on one- to four-family
residential properties, (ii) providing redevelopment loans to facilitate the
rehabilitation of residential properties in the low to moderate income areas,
(iii) investing in government bonds which are designated for the purpose of
redeveloping low to moderate income areas, or (iv) participating in programs
that provide housing in low to moderate income areas, including Savings
Association Mortgage Company, Inc. ("SAMCO") type loans.
At September 30, 1996, the Company's gross loans outstanding were $62.9
million, of which $51.0 million or 81.1% were one- to four-family residential
mortgage loans. Of this amount, $40.2 million or 78.9% of the one- to
four-family mortgage loans at that date were secured by owner-occupied
properties. Of the one- to four-family residential mortgage loans outstanding at
that date, 63.2% were adjustable-rate loans. Of the Company's one- to
four-family adjustable-rate mortgage loans, 60.6% are indexed to COFI, 6.9% were
indexed to the prime rate and 32.5% are indexed to LIBOR or U.S. Treasury
indices. The Company has recently been attempting to reduce the percentage of
loans tied to COFI and tie more adjustable-rate mortgage loans to current market
indices, such as LIBOR and the U.S. Treasury index, which reprice more
frequently. Consequently, the Company may purchase adjustable-rate mortgage
loans indexed to COFI only on a case by case basis. The Company offers a number
of adjustable-rate mortgage loan programs with interest rates which adjust
semi-annually or annually. A portion of the Company's adjustable-rate mortgage
loans have introductory rates which are below the fully indexed rate. At the end
of the introductory period, which is usually between six and 13 months depending
on the original agreement, the interest rate adjusts upward in accordance with
the original agreement. The Company's adjustable-rate mortgage loans generally
provide for periodic and overall caps on the increase or decrease in interest
rate at any adjustment date and over the life of the loan. The Company's
adjustable-rate mortgage loans require that any payment resulting from a change
in the interest rate be made simultaneously to both the interest and principal
payment in order to result in full amortization of the loan by the end of the
loan term, and thus do not permit any negative amortization.
Depending on the credit history of the borrower and the Company's
assessment of the borrower's ability to repay the loan, the Company's policy is
to originate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans secured by first
trust deeds in amounts up to 90% of the lower of the appraised value or the
selling price of the property securing the loan. The Company originates
consumer-oriented loans secured primarily by home equity lines of credit and by
second trust deeds up to 125% of the appraised value of the property securing
the loan as part of its Portfolio Series of loans. See "Risk Factors - High Loan
to Value Ratios of Portfolio Series Loans." Mortgage loans originated by the
Company generally include due-on-sale clauses which provide the Company with the
contractual right to deem the loan immediately due and payable in the event the
borrower transfers ownership of the property without the
51
Company's consent. Due-on-sale clauses are an important means of adjusting the
rates on the Company's fixed-rate mortgage loan portfolio and the Company has
generally exercised its rights under these clauses.
Commercial Real Estate and Multi-Family Real Estate Lending. The
Company has, in the past, originated commercial real estate and multi-family
loans generally secured by properties located in southern California. As part of
its revised lending strategy, the Company began, in February 1996, to emphasize
the origination of such loans both in its primary market area and nationwide
through its correspondent network on a wholesale basis.
The Company's current policy is to emphasize the origination of
commercial real estate loans secured by properties used for business purposes
such as small office buildings and light industrial or retail facilities in the
$50,000 to $750,000 range subject to the Company's loans-to-one borrower limit.
The Company makes commercial real estate loans to borrowers seeking this type of
loan except for those borrowers who are in bankruptcy, foreclosure, have loans
more than 30 days delinquent or other combinations of weaknesses unacceptable to
the Company. The Company's underwriting procedures provide that commercial real
estate loans may be made in amounts up to 70% of the appraised value of the
property depending on the borrower's ability to repay the loan. These loans are
generally adjustable-rate loans, generally will be indexed to LIBOR and may be
made with terms of up to 30 years. The adjustable-rate loans include prepayment
penalties if repaid within the first three to five years. When evaluating a
commercial real estate loan, the Company considers the net operating income of
the property and the borrower's expertise, credit history and profitability. The
Company has generally required that the properties securing commercial real
estate loans have debt service coverage ratios (the ratio of net operating
income to debt service) of at least 120%. The largest commercial real estate
loan in the Company's held for sale portfolio at September 30, 1996 was $560,000
and is secured by a nine unit strip shopping center located in southern
California. The largest commercial real estate loan in the Company's held for
investment portfolio at September 30, 1996 was $596,000 secured by a hotel
located in San Bernardino, California. At September 30, 1996 the Company's
commercial real estate and land loan portfolio was $8.2 million, or 13.0% of
total gross loans, $804,000 of which were held for sale.
In reaching its decision on whether to make a multi-family loan, the
Company considers a number of factors including: the credit history of the
borrower, the net operating income of the mortgaged premises before debt service
and depreciation; the debt service ratio; and the ratio of loan amount to
appraised value. Pursuant to the Company's current underwriting policies, a
multi-family adjustable-rate mortgage loan may only be made in an amount up to
75% of the appraised value of the underlying property. In addition, the Company
generally requires a debt service ratio of 120%. Properties securing a loan are
appraised by an appraiser and title insurance is required on all loans. Similar
to the origination of commercial real estate loans, the Company intends to
target the market for multi-family borrowers seeking loans in the range of
$50,000 to $750,000.
When evaluating a multi-family loan borrower, the Company considers the
borrower's financial resources and income level and the borrower's experience in
owning or managing similar property. The Company's underwriting policies require
that the borrower be able to demonstrate the ability to repay the mortgage and
the ability to maintain the property from current rental income. In making its
assessment of the creditworthiness of the borrower, the Company generally
reviews the financial statements, employment and credit history of the borrower,
as well as other related documentation.
The Company's multi-family loan portfolio at September 30, 1996
totalled $3.4 million or 5.4% of total gross loans. At September 30, 1996, 59.2%
of the Company's adjustable-rate multi-family loans were indexed to COFI and
40.8% were indexed to LIBOR. At September 30, 1996, 2.9% of the Company's
multi-family loan portfolio was comprised of fixed-rate loans. The Company's
largest multi-family loan at September 30, 1996, had an outstanding balance of
$398,000.
52
Substantially all commercial real estate and multi-family loans
originated by the Company since 1994 are held for sale. To date, the Company has
been substantially restricted in its ability to originate such loans by its
level of available capital. Although the Company has had the ability to raise
the funds to finance such loans prior to the third quarter of 1996, with the
level of leveraging needed to do so, it would have been unable to maintain its
required capital ratios during the period of origination to sale.
Repayment of multi-family and commercial real estate loans generally is
dependent, in large part, on sufficient income from the property to cover
operating expenses and debt service. The Company attempts to offset the risks
associated with multi-family and commercial real estate lending by primarily
lending to individuals who will be actively involved in the management of the
property and generally to individuals who have proven management experience, and
by making such loans with lower loan-to-value ratios than one- to four-family
loans. See "Risk Factors - Real Estate Secured Risks."
Consumer and Other Lending. The Company's consumer loans generally
consist of overdraft lines of credit, commercial business loans and unsecured
personal loans. At September 30, 1996, the Company's consumer loan portfolio was
$337,000 or 0.5% of total gross loans.
Underwriting. The main underwriting and quality control functions are
managed through the Company's loan center in Riverside, California. The Company
believes that its underwriting process begins with the experience of its staff,
its correspondent relationships and its loan approval procedures. As an integral
part of its lending operation, the Company ensures that its underwriters assess
each loan application and subject property against the Company's underwriting
guidelines. All appraisers are required to assess the valuation of the property
pursuant to U.S. Government Property Analysis guidelines and conduct an economic
analysis of the geographic region in which the property is located.
Personnel in the Company's loan centers review in the entirety each
loan application submitted for approval. The Company conducts its own
underwriting review of each loan, including those loans originated for or
purchased by it from its correspondents, other third party originators and
brokers. Loan files are reviewed for completeness, accuracy and compliance with
the Company's underwriting criteria and applicable governmental regulations.
This underwriting process is intended to assess both the prospective borrower's
ability to repay the loan and the adequacy of the real property security as
collateral for the loan granted, tailored to the general nature of the Portfolio
Series and the Liberator Series loans, respectively. In certain cases deemed
appropriate by the Seller, loans may be made outside of the Company's general
guidelines with the prior approval of pre-designated senior officers. Based on
the initial review, the personnel in the loan center will inform the
correspondents or brokers of additional requirements that must be fulfilled to
complete the loan file. The Company strives to process each loan application
received from its network of originators and correspondents as quickly as
possible in accordance with the Company's loan application approval procedures.
Accordingly, most loan applications receive decisions within 48 hours of receipt
and are funded immediately upon receipt of all conditions for approval of the
loan.
Each prospective borrower is required to complete a mortgage loan
application that may include (depending on the program requirement) information
detailing the applicant's liabilities, income, credit history, employment
history and personal information. Since most of the loan applications are
presented through the Company's network of correspondents, other third party
originators and brokers, the Company completes an additional credit report on
all applications received. Such report typically contains information relating
to such matters as credit history with local and national merchants and lenders,
installment debt payments and any record of defaults, bankruptcies,
repossessions or judgments. This credit report is obtained through a
sophisticated computer program that accesses the most appropriate credit bureau
in a particular zip code and combines that information with a credit risk score.
53
This application and review procedure is used by the Company to analyze
the applicant's creditworthiness (i.e., a determination of the applicant's
ability to repay the loan). Creditworthiness is assessed by examination of a
number of factors, including calculating a debt-to-income ratio obtained by
dividing a borrower's fixed monthly debt by the borrower's gross monthly income.
Fixed monthly debt generally includes (i) the monthly payment under any related
prior mortgages (which generally includes an escrow for real estate taxes), (ii)
the monthly payment on the loan applied for and (iii) other installment debt,
including, for revolving debt, the required monthly payment thereon, or, if no
such payment is specified, 5% of the balance as of the date of calculation.
Fixed monthly debt does not include any debt (other than revolving credit debt)
described above that matures within less than 10 months of the date of
calculation.
Several procedures are used to verify information obtained from an
applicant. The applicant's outstanding balance and payment history on any senior
mortgage may be verified by calling the senior mortgage lender. If the senior
mortgage lender cannot be reached by telephone to verify this information, the
Company or other originator may rely upon information provided by the applicant,
such as a recent statement from the senior lender and verification of payment,
such as cancelled checks, or upon information provided by national credit
bureaus. In order to verify an applicant's employment status, the Company or
other originator may obtain from the applicant recent tax returns or other tax
forms (e.g., W-2 forms) or current pay stubs or may telephone the applicant's
employer or obtain written verification from the employer. As in the case of the
senior mortgage lender verification procedures, if the employer will not verify
employment history over the telephone, the Company or other originator may rely
solely on the other information provided by the applicant. However, the Company
does offer certain Liberator Series loans at reduced loan-to-value ratios in
lieu of documenting cash flow of the borrower.
Debt to income ratios for Portfolio Series mortgage loans generally do
not exceed 45%, but in certain instances where deemed appropriate by the
Company, the ratio may go as high as 50%. For Liberator Series mortgage loans,
debt to income ratios may vary depending upon a number of other factors used to
ascertain the creditworthiness of the related borrower.
The Company has adopted policies that set forth the specific lending
requirements of the Company as they relate to the processing, underwriting,
property appraisal, closing, and funding of loans. These policies include an
analysis based on five classes of non-conforming loans, designated Ax, A-, B, C
and Cx. Class Ax denominated loans generally relate to borrowers who have no or
limited adverse incidents in their credit histories (typically conforming
loans), whereas Class B, C and Cx loans relate to descending degrees of
sub-prime borrowers. Factors which are considered in evaluating a borrower in
this regard are the presence or absence of a credit history, prior delinquencies
in the payment of mortgage and consumer credit and personal bankruptcies. Class
A- denominated loans generally relate to borrowers with overall good credit who
have had minimal adverse credit issues with less than 25% of their outstanding
credit exhibiting some form of 30-day delinquency in the past 24 months. Class B
denominated loans generally relate to borrowers who have credit delinquencies in
their credit histories, are currently past due on consumer debt payments, have
30-60 day delinquencies related to mortgage payment or have been at their
current employment for less than one year or have a history of late payments on
consumer debt payments and mortgage payments. Class C borrowers have shown a
willingness to pay their obligations in a timely manner with no more than 70% of
their previous obligations reporting a derogatory credit history and currently
no obligation is more than 60 days past due at application. Class Cx denominated
loans generally relate to borrowers who have many adverse incidents in their
credit histories and are generally considered to have a bad credit history.
Although in limited circumstances the Company will originate Class Cx loans, the
vast majority of loans originated or purchased by the Company are Class Ax
through Class C loans.
Appraisal. All mortgaged properties relating to mortgage loans where
collateral assessment is an integral part of the evaluation process are
appraised by licensed or certified appraisers. All of the appraisals are either
performed or reviewed by the Company's approved appraisers. Once a loan
application file is complete, the file will be reviewed to determine whether the
property securing the loan should undergo a desk or field review. This
determination will be made based on the loan-to-value ratio to the underlying
property and the type of loan or loan
54
program. If after the initial desk review, the underwriter requires additional
information with regard to the appraised value of the property, a field review
may also be conducted. The Company requires the appraiser to address
neighborhood conditions, site and zoning status and the condition and valuation
of improvements. Following each appraisal, the appraiser prepares a report which
(when appropriate) includes a reproduction cost analysis based on the current
cost of constructing a similar building and a market value analysis based on
recent sales of comparable homes in the area. Title insurance policies are
required on all first mortgage liens, with a limited judgment lien report
required on all second lien loans under $100,000.
For Liberator Series loans, because of the sub-prime quality of the
creditworthiness of the borrowers, the evaluation of the value of the property
securing the loans and the ratio of loans secured by such property to its value
become of greater importance in the underwriting process. The specific
procedures and criteria utilized in the appraisal process range from a desk
review, a field review, to a second appraisal, depending on the size of the loan
and its loan-to-value ratio.
The value of the mortgaged property has lesser importance with respect
to the Portfolio Series loans in light of their high mortgaged loan-to-value
ratios. As a result, Portfolio Series loans generally have little or no equity
in the mortgaged property available to repay the loan if it is in default. For
Portfolio Series loans, the Company accepts the homeowner/mortgagee's "as
stated" value on loans to $25,000. On loans in excess of $25,000 to a maximum of
$50,000, the Company requires a current tax assessment, a broker price opinion,
a statistical appraisal or a HUD-1 conformed closing statement where purchase of
the subject property has occurred within the previous 12 months. For loans in
excess of $50,000, a drive-by appraisal including comparable analysis on a FHLMC
form 704 is required.
Qualified property inspection firms are also utilized for annual
property inspections on all properties 45 days or more delinquent. Property
inspections are intended to provide updated information concerning occupancy,
maintenance, current rent levels, and changes in market conditions.
Loan Approval Procedures and Authority. The Board of Directors
establishes the lending policies of the Company and delegates authority and
responsibility for loan approvals to the Loan Committee and specified officers
of the Company. All real estate loans must be approved by a quorum of the
designated committee or by the designated individual or individuals. The
following committees, groups of officers and individual officers are granted the
authority to approve and commit the Company to the funding of the following
categories of loans: mortgage loans to be held for investment in the amount up
to $250,000, or adjusted FNMA and FHLMC limits, may be approved by two of the
Company's staff underwriters; mortgage loans to be held for investment in excess
of $250,000 and up to $550,000 require loan committee approval; mortgage loans
held for investment in excess of $550,000 require loan committee approval and
approval of the Board of Directors. Mortgage loans held for sale in the amount
up to $550,000, or adjusted FNMA and FHLMC limits, may be approved by two of the
Company's staff underwriters; mortgage loans held for sale in excess of $550,000
require loan committee and board approval. Unsecured loans, loans secured by
other than real estate, consumer or commercial, other than savings loans in the
amount up to $25,000, may be approved by two of the Company's staff
underwriters; loans in excess of $25,000 and up to $50,000, require loan
committee approval; loans in excess of $50,000, require loan committee and
approval of the Board of Directors. Savings loans secured by deposits at the
Company may be approved by a staff underwriter of the Company. The Company will
not make loans-to-one borrower that are in excess of regulatory limits. Pursuant
to OTS regulations, loans-to-one borrower cannot exceed 15% of the Company's
unimpaired capital and surplus. At September 30, 1996, the Company's loans to
one borrower limit equalled $1.3 million. See "Regulation - Federal Savings
Institution Regulation - Loans-to-One Borrower."
55
Delinquencies and Classified Assets. The Board of Directors generally
performs a monthly review of all delinquent loans 90 days or more past due. In
addition, Management reviews on an ongoing basis all delinquent loans. The
procedures taken by the Company with respect to delinquencies vary depending on
the nature of the loan and period of delinquency. When a borrower fails to make
a required payment on a loan, the Company takes a number of steps to have the
borrower cure the delinquency and restore the loan to current status. The
Company generally sends the borrower a written notice of non-payment within ten
days after the loan is first past due. In the event payment is not then
received, additional letters and phone calls generally are made. If the loan is
still not brought current, the Company generally sends a notice of the intent to
foreclose 25 days after the loan is first past due. If the borrower does not
cure the delinquency and it becomes necessary for the Company to take legal
action, which typically occurs after a loan is delinquent at least 30 days or
more, the Company will commence foreclosure proceedings against any real
property that secures the loan. If a loan remains delinquent on the 45th day, a
property inspection will be made to verify occupancy, determine the condition of
the property and as an attempt to contact the borrower. If a foreclosure action
is instituted and the loan is not brought current, paid in full, or refinanced
before the foreclosure sale, the real property securing the loan generally is
sold at foreclosure. The Company's procedures for repossession and sale of
consumer collateral are subject to various requirements under state consumer
protection laws.
Regulation and practices in the United States regarding the liquidation
of properties (e.g., foreclosure) and the rights of the mortgagor in default
vary greatly from state to state. Loans originated or purchased by the Company
are secured by mortgages, deeds of trust, trust deeds, security deeds or deeds
to secure debt, depending upon the prevailing practice in the state in which the
property securing the loan is located. Depending on local law, foreclosure is
effected by judicial action and/or non-judicial sale, and is subject to various
notice and filing requirements. If foreclosure is effected by judicial action,
the foreclosure proceedings may take several months.
In general, the borrower, or any person having a junior encumbrance on
the real estate, may cure a monetary default by paying the entire amount in
arrears plus other designated costs and expenses incurred in enforcing the
obligation during a statutorily prescribed reinstatement period. Generally,
state law controls the amount of foreclosure expenses and costs, including
attorneys' fees, which may be recovered by a lender.
There are a number of restrictions that may limit the Company's ability
to foreclose on a property. A lender may not foreclose on the property securing
a junior mortgage loan unless it forecloses subject to each senior mortgage, in
which case the junior lender or purchaser at such a foreclosure sale will take
title to the property subject to the lien securing the amount due on the senior
mortgage. Moreover, if a borrower has filed for bankruptcy protection, a lender
may be stayed from exercising its foreclosure rights. Also, certain states
provide a homestead exemption that may restrict the ability of a lender to
foreclose on residential property.
Federal regulations and the Company's Classification of Assets Policy
require that the Company utilize an internal asset classification system as a
means of reporting problem and potential problem assets. The Company has
incorporated the OTS internal asset classifications as a part of its credit
monitoring system. The Company currently classifies problem and potential
problem assets as "Substandard," "Doubtful" or "Loss" assets. An asset is
considered "Substandard" if it is inadequately protected by the current net
worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any.
"Substandard" assets include those characterized by the "distinct possibility"
that the insured institution will sustain "some loss" if the deficiencies are
not corrected. Assets classified as "Doubtful" have all of the weaknesses
inherent in those classified "Substandard" with the added characteristic that
the weaknesses present make "collection or liquidation in full," on the basis of
currently existing facts, conditions, and values, "highly questionable and
improbable." Assets classified as "Loss" are those considered "uncollectible"
and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the
establishment of a specific loss allowance is not warranted. Assets which do not
currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant
classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses
are required to be designated "Special Mention."
56
When an insured institution classifies one or more assets, or portions
thereof, as Substandard or Doubtful, under current OTS policy the Company is
required to consider establishing a general valuation allowance in an amount
deemed prudent by management. The general valuation allowance, which is a
regulatory term, represents a loss allowance which has been established to
recognize the inherent credit risk associated with lending and investing
activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, has not been allocated to
particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies one or more
assets, or portions thereof, as "Loss," it is required either to establish a
specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of the amount of the asset so
classified or to charge off such amount.
A savings institution's determination as to the classification of its
assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the
OTS which can order the establishment of additional general or specific loss
allowances. The OTS, in conjunction with the other federal banking agencies,
adopted an interagency policy statement on the allowance for loan and lease
losses. The policy statement provides guidance for financial institutions on
both the responsibilities of management for the assessment and establishment of
adequate allowances and guidance for banking agency examiners to use in
determining the adequacy of general valuation allowances. Generally, the policy
statement recommends that institutions have effective systems and controls to
identify, monitor and address asset quality problems; that management has
analyzed all significant factors that affect the collectibility of the portfolio
in a reasonable manner; and that management has established acceptable allowance
evaluation processes that meet the objectives set forth in the policy statement.
As a result of the declines in local and regional real estate market values and
the significant losses experienced by many financial institutions, there has
been a greater level of scrutiny by regulatory authorities of the loan
portfolios of financial institutions undertaken as part of the examination of
institutions by the OTS and the FDIC. While the Company believes that it has
established an adequate allowance for estimated loan losses, there can be no
assurance that regulators, in reviewing the Company's loan portfolio, will not
request the Company to materially increase at that time its allowance for
estimated loan losses, thereby negatively affecting the Company's financial
condition and earnings at that time. Although management believes that an
adequate allowance for estimated loan losses has been established, actual losses
are dependent upon future events and, as such, further additions to the level of
allowances for estimated loan losses may become necessary.
The Company's Internal Asset Review Committee reviews and classifies
the Company's assets quarterly and reports the results of its review to the
Board of Directors. The Company classifies assets in accordance with the
management guidelines described above. REO is classified as Substandard. The
following table sets forth information concerning loans, REO and total assets
classified as substandard at September 30, 1996. At September 30, 1996, the
Company had $819,306 of assets classified as Special Mention, $5.5 million of
assets classified as Substandard, no assets classified as Doubtful and $117,000
of assets classified as Loss. As of September 30, 1996, assets classified as
Special Mention include 12 loans totalling $368,000 secured by one- to
four-family residential properties. At September 30, 1996, the largest loan
classified as Special Mention had a loan balance of $176,651 and is secured by
commercial real estate. As set forth below, as of September 30, 1996, assets
classified as Substandard include 38 loans totalling $3.6 million.
57
At September 30, 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loans REO Total Substandard Assets
---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Gross Net Number Gross Net Number of Gross Net Number
Balance Balance(1) of Loans Balance Balance(1) Properties Balance Balance(1) of Assets
--------- ----------- ---------- -------- ----------- ------------ --------- ----------- ----------
(Dollars in thousands)
Residential:
One- to four-family..... $ 3,417 $ 3,343 37 $ 936 $ 914 7 $ 4,353 $ 4,257 44
Commercial and land....... 120 120 1 - - - 120 120 1
------- ------- ---- ------ ------- ---- ------- ------- ----
Total loans......... $ 3,537 $ 3,463 38 $ 936 $ 914 7 $ 4,473 $ 4,377 45
======= ======= ==== ====== ====== ==== ======= ======= ====
- ------------------------
(1) Net balances are reduced for specific loss allowances established against
substandard loans and real estate.
58
Non-Accrual and Past-Due Loans. The following table sets forth
information regarding non-accrual loans, troubled-debt restructurings and REO.
There were no troubled-debt restructured loans within the meaning of SFAS 15,
and eight REO properties at September 30, 1996. Until March 31, 1996 it was the
policy of the Company to cease accruing interest on loans at the time of
foreclosure, which typically occurs when a loan is 45 days past due or possibly
longer depending on the circumstances, which period will not exceed 90 days past
due. Subsequent to March 31, 1996, the Company adopted a policy to cease
accruing interest on loans 90 days or more past due. For the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 and 1995 and the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994, 1993,
1992 and 1991, respectively, the amount of interest income that would have been
recognized on nonaccrual loans if such loans had continued to perform in
accordance with their contractual terms was $100,000, $61,000, $66,000,
$106,000, $117,000, $84,000, and $60,000, none of which was recognized. For the
same periods, the amount of interest income recognized on troubled debt
restructurings was $8,000, $7,000, $11,000, $10,000, $1,000, $0, and $0.
At September 30, At December 31,
------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
1996(1) 1995 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991
-------- -------- --------- ---------- --------- -------- --------
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans:
Residential real estate:
One- to four-family....... $1,837 $1,325 $1,305 $1,766 $1,919 $1,606 $1,005
Commercial and land........... - 123 82 78 197 283 199
Other loans...................... 10 - 10 45 62 2 54
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total..................... 1,847 1,448 1,397 1,889 2,178 1,891 1,258
REO, net(2)...................... 991 1,171 827 555 1,772 1,377 268
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total non-performing
assets................. $2,838 $2,619 $2,224 $2,444 $3,950 $3,268 $1,526
====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
Restructured loans............... $ - $ - $ 131 $ - $ 15 $ - $ -
Classified assets, gross......... 4,603 3,636 3,929 3,951 4,165 4,827 7,566
Allowance for estimated
loan losses as a percent
of gross loans receivable(3).. 1.63% 1.42% 1.83% 1.28% 0.65% 0.47% 0.48%
Allowance for estimated
loan losses as a percent
of total non-performing
loans(4)...................... 55.66 61.95 84.25 44.04 20.02 16.29 23.85
Non-performing loans
as a percent of gross loans
receivable(3)(4).............. 2.94 2.29 2.17 2.90 3.24 2.87 2.01
Non-performing assets
as a percent of total
assets(4)..................... 3.36 3.54 3.0 3.42 5.05 4.15 2.04
- ------------------------
(1) Commencing on April 1, 1996 through September 30, 1996, non-performing
loans consist of all loans 90 days or more past due and all other non-
accrual loans.
(2) REO balances are shown net of related loss allowances.
(3) Gross loans includes loans receivable held for investment and loans
receivable held for sale.
(4) Non-performing assets consist of non-performing loans and REO. Non-
performing loans consist of all loans 45 days or more past due and all
other non-accrual loans.
59
The following table sets forth delinquencies in the Company's loan
portfolio as of the dates indicated:
At September 30, 1996 At December 31, 1995
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------
60-89 Days 90 Days or More 60-89 Days 90 Days or More
------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ -----------------------
Principal Principal Principal Principal
Number Balance Number Balance Number Balance Number Balance
of Loans of Loans of Loans of Loans of Loans of Loans of Loans of Loans
----------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ---------
(Dollars in thousands)
One- to four-family......... 5 $576 11 $1,184 8 $446 13 $1,286
Multi-family................ - - - - - - - -
Commercial and land......... - - - - - - - -
Other loans................. - - - - - - 1 10
---- ---- ---- ------ --- ---- --- ------
Total.................. 5 $576 11 $1,184 8 $446 14 $1,296
==== ==== ==== ====== === ==== === ======
Delinquent loans to total
gross loans............ 0.76% 1.57% 0.69% 2.01%
==== ==== ==== ====
At December 31, 1994 At December 31, 1993
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------
60-89 Days 90 Days or More 60-89 Days 90 Days or More
------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ -----------------------
Principal Principal Principal Principal
Number Balance Number Balance Number Balance Number Balance
of Loans of Loans of Loans of Loans of Loans of Loans of Loans of Loans
----------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ------------ ---------
(Dollars in thousands)
One- to four-family......... 5 $375 8 $1,728 2 $128 15 $1,919
Multi-family................ - - - - - - - -
Commercial and land......... - - 1 77 - - 2 326
Other loans................. - - - - - - 2 62
--- ---- --- ------ --- ---- --- ------
Total.................. 5 $375 9 $1,805 2 $128 19 $2,307
=== ==== === ====== === ==== === ======
Delinquent loans to total
gross loans............ 0.58% 2.78% 0.19% 3.43%
==== ==== ==== ====
60
Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses is established
through a provision for loan losses based on management's evaluation of the
risks inherent in its loan portfolio and the general economy. The allowance for
loan losses is maintained at an amount management considers adequate to cover
estimated losses in loans receivable which are deemed probable and estimable.
The allowance is based upon a number of factors, including current economic
conditions, actual loss experience and industry trends. In addition, various
regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process,
periodically review the Company's allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may
require the Company to make additional provisions for loan losses based upon
information available at the time of the review. As of September 30, 1996, the
Company's allowance for loan losses was 1.6% of gross loans compared to 1.83% as
of December 31, 1995. The Company had non-accrual loans of $1.8 million and $1.4
million at September 30, 1996 and December 31, 1995, respectively. The Company
will continue to monitor and modify its allowances for loan losses as conditions
dictate.
The following table sets forth activity in the Company's allowance for
loan losses for the periods set forth in the table.
At or for the Nine
Months Ended
September 30, At or For the Year Ended December 31,
----------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991
----------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period........ $1,177 $ 832 $ 832 $ 436 $308 $299 $222
Provision for loan losses............. 359 835 1,194 1,306 404 129 135
Charge-offs:
Real Estate:
One- to four-family............ 577 653 736 771 301 60 73
Multi-family................... 45 - - - - - -
Commercial and land............ - 111 111 47 - - -
Other loans....................... 10 67 67 95 - 60 -
----- ----- ------- ----- ----- ----- -----
Total....................... 632 831 914 913 301 120 73
Recoveries............................ 124 61 65 3 25 - 15
--- ---- ------- ----- ---- ------ -----
Balance at end of period.............. $1,028 $ 897 $1,177 $ 832 $436 $308 $299
====== ===== ====== ======== ==== ==== ====
Average gross loans outstanding....... $71,240 $64,908 $66,207 $66,068 $68,793 $62,830 $61,104
Net Charge-offs to average gross
loans outstanding................. 0.71% 1.19% 1.28% 1.38% 0.40% 0.19% 0.09%
61
The following table set forth the amount of the Company's allowance for
loan losses, the percent of allowance for loan losses to total allowance and the
percent of gross loans to total gross loans in each of the categories listed at
the dates indicated.
At September 30,
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995
--------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
Percent of Gross Percent of
Percent of Loans in Percent of Gross Loans in
Allowance Each Category Allowance Each Category
to Total to Total to Total to Total Gross
Amount Allowance Gross Loans Amount Allowance Loans
------------- ------------- -------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------
(Dollars in thousands)
One- to four-family.... $887 86.28% 1.76% $754 84.06% 1.43%
Multi-family........... 20 1.95 0.59 15 1.67 0.63
Commercial and land.... 112 10.90 1.37 119 13.27 1.57
Other.................. 9 0.87 2.67 9 1.00 1.78
------ ------ ---- ---- ------ ----
Total allowance for
loan losses....... $1,028 100.00% 1.64% $897 100.00% 1.42%
====== ====== ==== ==== ====== ====
At December 31,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1994 1993
---------------------------------- --------------------------------- --------------------------------
Percent of Percent of Percent of
Gross Loans Gross Loans Gross Loans
Percent of in Each Percent of in Each Percent of in Each
Allowance Category Allowance Category Allowance Category
to Total to Total to Total to Total to Total to Total
Amount Allowance Gross Loans Amount Allowance Gross Loans Amount Allowance Gross Loans
-------- ----------- ------------ -------- ---------- ------------ ------- --------- ------------
(Dollars in thousands)
One- to four-
family........... $1,001 85.05% 1.85% $604 72.60% 1.12% $287 65.83% 0.51%
Multi-family....... 14 1.19 0.58 10 1.20 0.37 10 2.29 0.44
Commercial
and land......... 143 12.15 1.90 164 19.71 2.02 98 22.48 1.17
Other.............. 19 1.61 5.96 54 6.49 10.93 41 9.40 5.48
------ ------ ---- ---- ------ ----- ----- ------ ----
Total allowance
for loan losses... $1,177 100.00% 1.83% $832 100.00% 1.28% $436 100.00% 0.65%
====== ====== ==== ==== ====== ===== ==== ====== ====
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1992 1991
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Percent of Percent of
Gross Loans Gross Loans
Percent of in Each Percent of in Each
Allowance Category Allowance Category
to Total to Total to Total to Total
Amount Allowance Gross Loans Amount Allowance Gross Loans
-------- -------- ----------- ------- --------- -----------
One- to four-
family.......... $225 73.05% 0.42% $190 63.54% 0.38%
Multi-family...... 6 1.95 0.26 5 1.67 0.23
Commercial
and land........ 57 18.51 0.64 35 11.71 0.39
Other............. 20 6.49 2.48 69 23.08 5.96
---- ------ ---- ---- ------ ----
Total allowance
for loan losses. $308 100.00% 0.47% $299 100.00% 0.48%
==== ====== ==== ==== ====== ====
62
REO
At September 30, 1996, the Company had $993,000 of REO, net of
allowances. If the Company acquires any REO, it is initially recorded at fair
value less costs to sell and thereafter REO is recorded at the lower of the
recorded investment in the loan or the fair value of the related assets at the
date of foreclosure, less costs to sell. If there is a further deterioration in
value, the Company provides for a specific valuation allowance and charges
operations for the diminution in value. It is the policy of the Company to
obtain an appraisal on all REO at the time of possession and every six months
thereafter.
INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES
Federally chartered savings institutions have the authority to invest
in various types of liquid assets, including United States Treasury obligations,
securities of various federal agencies, certificates of deposit of insured banks
and savings institutions, bankers' acceptances, and federal funds. Subject to
various restrictions, federally chartered savings institutions may also invest
their assets in commercial paper, investment-grade corporate debt securities and
mutual funds whose assets conform to the investments that a federally chartered
savings institution is otherwise authorized to make directly. Additionally, the
Company must maintain minimum levels of investments that qualify as liquid
assets under OTS regulations. See "Regulation - Federal Savings Institution
Regulation Liquidity." Historically, the Company has maintained liquid assets
above the minimum OTS requirements and at a level considered to be adequate to
meet its normal daily activities.
The investment policy of the Company as established by the Board of
Directors attempts to provide and maintain liquidity, generate a favorable
return on investments without incurring undue interest rate and credit risk, and
complement the Company's lending activities. Specifically, the Company's
policies generally limit investments to government and federal agency-backed
securities and non-government guaranteed securities, including corporate debt
obligations, that are investment grade. The Company's policies provide the
authority to invest in marketable equity securities meeting the Company's
guidelines and in mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the U.S. government
and agencies thereof and other financial institutions.
At September 30, 1996, the Company had $10,000 in its mortgage-backed
securities portfolio, all of which were insured or guaranteed by the FHLMC and
are being held-to-maturity. The Company may increase its investment in mortgage-
backed securities in the future depending on its liquidity needs and market
opportunities. Investments in mortgage-backed securities involve a risk that
actual prepayments will be greater than estimated prepayments over the life of
the security which may require adjustments to the amortization of any premium or
accretion of any discount relating to such instruments thereby reducing the net
yield on such securities. There is also reinvestment risk associated with the
cash flows from such securities. In addition, the market value of such
securities may be adversely affected by changes in interest rates.
During the fourth quarter of 1996, the Company completed the
Securitization which generated Residuals in the amount of $7.3 million. This
Residual is currently being classified as a trading security and, for regulatory
reasons, will be sold to Life Investment Holdings immediately following the
Reorganization and the Offering. Future residuals generated by asset
securitizations will be held by the Company only until they can be sold to Life
Investment Holdings. The Residual and any future residuals generated by future
asset securitizations and held by the Company will be marked to market on a
quarterly basis with unrealized gains and losses recorded in operations. See
"Risk Factors Related to Asset Securitizations" and "Business of the Company -
Lending Activities - Loan Sales and Asset Securitizations."
63
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the
carrying and fair values of the Company's securities at the dates indicated.
There were no securities available-for-sale at the dates indicated:
At September 30,
-----------------------------------------------
1996 1995
---------------------- -----------------------
Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
Value Value Value Value
----------- --------- ---------- ----------
(Dollars in thousands)
Securities:
Held to maturity:
U.S. Treasury and other
agency securities............... $ 802 $ 802 $2,842 $2,813
FHLMC.............................. 10 11 12 12
----- ----- ----- -----
Total securities held-to-
maturity......................... $ 812 $ 813 $2,854 $2,825
===== ===== ====== ======
At December 31,
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1994 1993
----------------------- ---------------------- ------------------------
Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
Value Value Value Value Value Value
----------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------
(Dollars in thousands)
Securities:
Held to maturity:
U.S. Treasury and other
agency securities............... $2,689 $2,689 $2,846 $2,838 $3,867 $3,826
FHLMC.............................. 11 11 13 13 16 16
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total securities held-to-
maturity......................... $2,700 $2,700 $2,859 $2,851 $3,883 $3,842
====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
The table below sets forth certain information regarding the carrying
value, weighted average yields and contractual maturities of the Company's
securities as of September 30, 1996. There were no securities available for sale
at September 30, 1996.
At September 30, 1996
------------------------------------------------------------------
More than One More than Five
One Year or Less Year to Five Years Years to Ten Years
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Carrying Average Carrying Average Carrying Average
Value Yield Value Yield Value Yield
-------- --------- -------- --------- -------- ---------
(Dollars in thousands)
Securities:
Held to maturity:
U.S. Treasury and
other agency securities............... $ - -% $ - -% $ - -%
FHLMC................................... - - - - - -
---- ---- ----
Total held to maturity................ - - - - - -
FHLB stock.............................. 802 - - - - -
---
Total securities held to maturity..... $802 - - - - -
====
----------------------------------------------
More than Ten Years Total
---------------------- ----------------------
Weighted Weighted
Carrying Average Carrying Average
Value Yield Value Yield
-------- ---------- --------- ----------
(Dollars in thousands)
Securities:
Held to maturity:
U.S. Treasury and
other agency securities............... $10 6.88% $10 6.88%
FHLMC................................... - - - -
---- ----
Total held to maturity................ 10 6.88 10 6.88
FHLB stock.............................. - - 802 -
---
Total securities held to maturity..... $10 - $812 -
=== ====
64
SOURCES OF FUNDS
General. Deposits, loan repayments and prepayments, proceeds from sales
of loans, cash flows generated from operations and borrowings are the primary
sources of the Company's funds for use in lending, investing and for other
general purposes. On an on-going basis, the Company explores opportunities to
access credit lines as a source of funds to enable the Company to further expand
its lending activities.
Deposits. The Company offers a variety of deposit accounts with a range
of interest rates and terms. The Company's deposits consist of passbook savings,
checking accounts, money market savings accounts and certificates of deposit.
For the nine months ended September 30, 1996, certificates of deposit
constituted 78.1% of total average deposits. The term of the fixed-rate
certificates of deposit offered by the Company vary from 90 days to eighteen
years and the offering rates are established by the Company on a weekly basis.
Specific terms of an individual account vary according to the type of account,
the minimum balance required, the time period funds must remain on deposit and
the interest rate, among other factors. The flow of deposits is influenced
significantly by general economic conditions, changes in money market rates,
prevailing interest rates and competition. At September 30, 1996, the Company
had $46.9 million of certificate accounts maturing in one year or less. While
the Company does accept out of area deposits, the Company's deposits are
obtained predominantly from the areas surrounding its home office. The Company
relies primarily on customer service and long-standing relationships with
customers to attract and retain these deposits; however, market interest rates
and rates offered by competing financial institutions significantly affect the
Company's ability to attract and retain deposits. In order to meet its liquidity
needs for the purchase of loans, from time to time the Company offers above
market interest rates on short term certificate accounts.
The following table presents the deposit activity of the Company for
the periods indicated:
For the Nine Months
Ended September 30, For the Year Ended December 31,
----------------------- ---------------------------------------
1996 1995 1995 1994 1993
---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- -----------
(Dollars In thousands)
Net deposits (withdrawals)...................... $ 3,271 $ (3,848) $(1,329) $(8,880) $(2,492)
Interest credited on deposit accounts........... 2,519 2,358 3,175 2,561 2,781
----- ----- ------ ------- -------
Total increase (decrease)
in deposit accounts..................... $ 5,790 $ (1,490) $ 1,846 $(6,319) $ 289
======= ========= ======= ======== =======
At September 30, 1996, the Company had $8.69 million in certificate
accounts in amounts of $100,000 or more maturing as follows:
Weighted
Maturity Period Amount Average Rate
- --------------------------------------------------- ----------- -----------------
(Dollars in thousands)
Three months or less............................... $ 4,085 5.34%
Over three through 12 months....................... 2,863 5.90
Over 12 months..................................... 1,745 5.79
----- ----
Total.............................................. $8,693 5.61%
======
65
The following table sets forth the distribution of the Company's average
deposit accounts for the periods indicated and the weighted average interest
rates on each category of deposits presented.
For the Nine Months
Ended September 30, For the Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------
1996 1995
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Percent Percent
of Total Weighted of Total Weighted
Average Average Average Average Average Average
Balance Deposits Rate Balance Deposits Rate
--------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- --------
(Dollars in thousands)
Passbook accounts................. $ 4,356 6.04% 2.07% $ 6,088 8.96% 2.25%
Money market accounts............. 4,313 5.98 2.82 3,528 5.20 2.77
Checking accounts................. 7,127 9.90 1.22 7,156 10.54 1.61
------ ----- ------- -----
Total.......................... 15,796 21.92 1.33 16,772 24.70 2.09
Certificate accounts:
Three months or less........... 2,726 3.78 4.68 14,503 21.36 5.35
Four through 12 months......... 36,818 51.08 5.31 26,026 38.32 5.70
13 through 36 months........... 10,041 13.93 5.88 7,198 10.60 6.19
37 months or greater........... 6,697 9.29 6.53 3,410 5.02 6.59
Total certificate accounts... 56,282 78.08 5.53 51,137 75.30 5.73
------- ------- ------- ------
Total average deposits............ $72,078 100.00% 4.61% $67,909 100.00% 4.83%
======= ======= ======= ======
------------------------------------------------------------------
1994 1993
------------------------------- --------------------------------
Percent Percent
of Total Weighted of Total Weighted
Average Average Average Average Average Average
Balance Deposits Rate Balance Deposits Rate
---------- --------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------
(Dollars in thousands)
Passbook accounts................. $ 8,538 12.48% 2.29% $ 7,385 10.11% 2.40%
Money market accounts............. 3,552 5.19 2.74 5,121 7.01 2.77
Checking accounts................. 6,845 10.01 1.50 7,270 9.95 1.55
------- ------ ------- -----
Total.......................... 18,935 27.69 2.09 19,776 27.07 2.18
Certificate accounts:
Three months or less........... 16,299 23.83 3.71 17,041 23.33 3.71
Four through 12 months......... 20,930 30.60 4.31 26,977 36.93 4.22
13 through 36 months........... 8,728 12.76 5.22 6,262 8.57 5.37
37 months or greater........... 3,500 5.12 5.97 2,988 4.09 6.51
Total certificate accounts... 49,457 72.31 4.39 53,268 72.93 4.32
------- ------ ------- ------
Total average deposits............ $68,392 100.00% 3.75% $73,044 100.00% 3.74%
======= ====== ======= ======
66
The following table presents, by various rate categories, the amount of
certificate accounts outstanding at the dates indicated and the periods to
maturity of the certificate accounts outstanding at September 30, 1996.
Period to Maturity from September 30, 1996
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less than One to Two to Three to Four to More than
One Year Two years Three years Four years Five years Five years Total
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- ---------
(Dollars in thousands)
Certificate accounts:
0 to 4.00%............ $ 622 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 622
4.01 to 5.00%......... 5,518 136 413 5 3 55 6,130
5.01 to 6.00%......... 37,681 5,350 450 162 338 140 44,121
6.01 to 7.00%......... 2,405 769 536 467 6 96 4,279
7.01 to 8.00%......... 641 160 469 432 180 247 2,129
8.01 to 9.00%......... - - - - - - -
Over 9.01%............ - - - - - - -
------- ------- ------- ------- ------ ------- --------
Total............. $46,867 $ 6,415 $ 1,858 $ 1,066 $ 527 $ 538 $ 57,281
======= ======= ======= ======= ====== ======= ========
At
September 30, At December 31,
------------ ------------------------------------
1995 1995 1994 1993
------------ ----------- --------- ------------
(Dollars in thousands)
Certificate accounts:
0 to 4.00%............ $ 528 $ 477 $ 9,674 $32,903
4.01 to 5.00%......... 8,400 5,710 16,098 10,234
5.01 to 6.00%......... 23,428 32,297 15,282 4,410
6.01 to 7.00%......... 15,753 10,676 5,481 2,121
7.01 to 8.00%......... 2,737 2,641 1,487 1,548
8.01 to 9.00%......... - - 22 65
Over 9.01%............ - - - 1,157
-------- ------- ------- -------
Total............. $ 50,846 $51,802 $48,044 $52,438
======== ======= ======= =======
67
BORROWINGS. From time-to-time the Company has obtained advances from
the FHLB as an alternative to retail deposit funds and internally generated
funds and may do so in the future as part of its operating strategy. FHLB
advances may also be used to acquire certain other assets as may be deemed
appropriate for investment purposes. These advances are collateralized primarily
by certain of the Company's mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities and
secondarily by the Company's investment in capital stock of the FHLB. See
"Regulation - Federal Home Loan Company System." Such advances are made pursuant
to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate
and range of maturities. The maximum amount that the FHLB will advance to member
institutions, including the Company, fluctuates from time-to-time in accordance
with the policies of the OTS and the FHLB. At September 30, 1996, the Company
had no outstanding advances from the FHLB. On an on-going basis the Company
explores opportunities to access credit lines to provide additional funds to
expand its lending activities and expects to use a warehouse line of credit
and/or the repurchase finance facilities of a national investment banking firm
to fund loan originations in the future.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the
Company's borrowed funds at or for the periods ended on the dates indicated:
At or For the
Nine Months Ended At or For the Year
September 30, Ended December 31,
------------------------- ----------------------------------------
1996 1995 1995 1994 1993
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
(Dollars in thousands)
FHLB advances:
Average balance outstanding.............. $4,318 $2,354 $3,112 $1,863 $1,011
Maximum amount outstanding at any
month-end during the period.......... 13,900 5,200 7,600 7,000 4,000
Balance outstanding at end of period..... - - - 1,250 1,200
Weighted average interest rate during
the period........................... 5.93% 6.48% 6.55% 4.87% 3.62%
68
PROPERTIES
As of September 30, 1996, the Company conducted its business through
three offices. In December 1996, a lease in the amount of $3,500 per month
starting on March 1, 1997 with a term of 36 months was entered into on a
property in the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area, out of which the Company
intends to operate a loan center commencing in the first quarter of 1997. The
Company expects to open de novo branches or acquire existing branch offices in
the Inland Empire of California and other locations in southern California
during 1997 and, as it expands its loan origination operations throughout the
United States, will open loan origination centers on an as-needed basis. The
opening of additional offices is dependent upon the Company's loan originations.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to expand its loan
originations and/or open additional offices.
Original Net Book Value
Year of Property or
Leased Leased Date of Leasehold
or or Lease Improvements at
Location Owned Acquired Expiration September 30, 1996
- ---------------------------------------- ----------- ------------ ------------- -----------------------
1598 E. Highland Avenue Leased 1986 2001 $183,000
San Bernardino, CA (1)
4110 Tigris Way (2) Leased 1995 1998 $190,000
Riverside, CA
7751 Belfort Parkway Leased 1996 1997 -
Suite 150
Jacksonville, FL
- ----------------
(1) During the fourth quarter of 1996, an expense of $100,000 was incurred due
to remodeling this office.
(2) The Company purchased this property in November 1996 at a price of $375,000.
SUBSIDIARIES
As of September 30, 1996, the Company had no subsidiaries. For a
discussion of the Company's restructuring plan and establishment of
subsidiaries, see "Summary" and "Business of the Company - Restructuring."
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is not involved in any pending legal proceedings other than
legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. Management
believes that none of these legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate,
will have a material adverse impact on the results of operations or financial
condition of the Company.
PERSONNEL
As of September 30, 1996, the Company had 102 full-time employees and 5
part-time employees. The employees are not represented by a collective
bargaining unit and the Company considers its relationship with its employees to
be good. See "Management of the Company - Benefits" for a description of certain
compensation and benefit programs offered to the Company's employees.
69
FEDERAL AND STATE TAXATION
FEDERAL TAXATION
General. The Company and the Bank will report their income on a
calendar year basis using the accrual method of accounting and will be subject
to federal income taxation in the same manner as other corporations with some
exceptions, including particularly the Bank's reserve for bad debts discussed
below. The following discussion of tax matters is intended only as a summary and
does not purport to be a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable
to the Bank or the Company. The statute of limitations has closed for federal
tax purposes through the 1992 tax year and for California Franchise Tax Board
purposes through the 1991 tax year.
Bad Debt Reserve. Historically, savings institutions such as the Bank
which met certain definitional tests primarily related to their assets and the
nature of their business ("qualifying thrifts") were permitted to establish a
reserve for bad debts and to make annual additions thereto, which may have been
deducted in arriving at their taxable income. The Bank's deduction with respect
to "qualifying real property loans," which are generally loans secured by
certain interest in real property, were computed using an amount based on the
Bank's actual loss experience, or a percentage equal to 8% of the Bank's taxable
income, computed with certain modifications and reduced by the amount of any
permitted addition to the non-qualifying reserve.
In August, 1996, the provisions repealing the current thrift bad debt
rules were passed by Congress as part of "The Small Business Job Protection Act
of 1996." The new rules eliminate the 8% of taxable income method for deducting
additions to the tax bad debt reserves for all thrifts for tax years beginning
after December 31, 1995. These rules also require that all thrift institutions
recapture all or a portion of their bad debt reserves added since the base year
(last taxable year beginning before January 1, 1988). The Bank has previously
recorded a deferred tax liability equal to the bad debt recapture and as such,
the new rules will have no effect on net income or federal income tax expense.
For tax years beginning after December 31, 1995, the Bank is permitted
to maintain a tax reserve equal to the greater of the base year reserve of the
reserve calculated using the experience method available to small (average
assets less than $500 million) commercial banks as of the year of the change.
Any excess of the reserve as of the year of the change over the allowable
reserves must be recaptured into taxable income evenly over a period of six
years beginning in the 1996 taxable year subject to the suspension rule
described below. As of December 31, 1995, the Bank has an excess amount subject
to recapture equal to $330,000.
The experience method allows an institution to maintain a bad debt
reserve equal to the ratio of the net charge-offs for the last six years divided
by total loans for those years multiplied by the total loans outstanding at the
end of the current year. However, this method permits the institution to
maintain a minimum reserve balance equal to its reserve balance at the end of
its base year, adjusted for declines in the loan portfolio for the base year.
Although deductions are allowed for the calculated addition to the bad debt
reserve, net recoveries are not taken into taxable income. The Bank is currently
using the "6-year moving average" method to calculate its bad debt reserve.
The Bank anticipates that it will continue this practice.
Distributions. To the extent that the Bank makes "non-dividend
distributions" to the Company that are considered as made (i) from the reserve
for losses on qualifying real property loans, to the extent the reserve for such
losses exceeds the amount that would have been allowed under the experience
method, or (ii) from the supplemental reserve for losses on loans ("Excess
Distributions"), then an amount based on the amount distributed will be included
in the Bank's taxable income. Non-dividend distributions include distributions
in excess of the Bank's current and accumulated earnings and profits,
distributions in redemption of stock, and distributions in partial or complete
liquidation. However, dividends paid out of the Bank's current or accumulated
earnings and profits, as calculated for federal income tax purposes, will not be
considered to result in a distribution from the Bank's bad debt reserve.
Thus, any dividends to the Company that would reduce amounts appropriated to the
Bank's bad debt reserve and
70
deducted for federal income tax purposes would create a tax liability for the
Bank. The amount of additional taxable income created from an Excess
Distribution is an amount that, when reduced by the tax attributable to the
income, is equal to the amount of the distribution. Thus, if the Bank makes a
"non-dividend distribution," then approximately one and one-half times the
amount so used would be includable in gross income for federal income tax
purposes, assuming a 34% corporate income tax rate (exclusive of state and local
taxes). See "Regulation" and "Dividend Policy" for limits on the payment of
dividends of the Bank. The Bank does not intend to pay dividends that would
result in a recapture of any portion of its bad debt reserve.
Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (the "Code") imposes a tax on alternative minimum taxable income
("AMTI") at a rate of 20%. The excess of the tax bad debt reserve deduction
using the percentage of taxable income method over the deduction that would have
been allowable under the experience method is treated as a preference item for
purposes of computing the AMTI. Only 90% of AMTI can be offset by net operating
loss carryovers of which the Bank currently has none. AMTI is increased by an
amount equal to 75% of the amount by which the Bank's adjusted current earnings
exceeds its AMTI (determined without regard to this preference and prior to
reduction for net operating losses). In addition, for taxable years beginning
after December 31, 1986 and before January 1, 1996, an environmental tax of .12%
of the excess of AMTI (with certain modifications) over $2.0 million is imposed
on corporations, including the Bank, whether or not an Alternative Minimum Tax
("AMT") is paid. The Bank does not expect to be subject to the AMT, but may be
subject to the environmental tax liability.
Dividends Received Deduction and Other Matters. The Company may exclude
from its income 100% of dividends received from the Bank as a member of the same
affiliated group of corporations. The corporate dividends received deduction is
generally 70% in the case of dividends received from unaffiliated corporations
with which the Company and the Bank will not file a consolidated tax return,
except that if the Company or the Bank own more than 20% of the stock of a
corporation distributing a dividend then 80% of any dividends received may be
deducted.
STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION
State of California. The California franchise tax rate applicable to
the Bank equals the franchise tax rate applicable to corporations generally,
plus an "in lieu" rate approximately equal to personal property taxes and
business license taxes paid by such corporations (but not generally paid by
banks or financial corporations such as the Bank); however, the total tax rate
cannot exceed 11.3%. Under California regulations, bad debt deductions are
available in computing California franchise taxes using a three or six year
weighted average loss experience method. The Company, as a savings and loan
holding company commercially domiciled in California, will generally be treated
as a financial corporation and subject to the general corporate tax rate plus
the "in lieu" rate as discussed previously for the Bank.
State of Delaware Taxation. As a Delaware holding company not earning
income in Delaware, the Company is exempt from Delaware corporate income tax but
is required to file an annual report with and pay an annual franchise tax to the
State of Delaware.
REGULATION
GENERAL
The Bank is subject to extensive regulation, examination and supervision
by the OTS, as its chartering agency, and the FDIC, as the deposit insurer. The
Bank is a member of the FHLB System. The Bank's deposit accounts are insured up
to applicable limits by the SAIF managed by the FDIC. The Bank must file reports
with the OTS and the FDIC concerning its activities and financial condition in
addition to obtaining regulatory approvals prior to entering into certain
transactions such as mergers with, or acquisitions of, other financial
institutions. There are periodic examinations by the OTS and the FDIC to test
the Bank's compliance with various regulatory
71
requirements. This regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive
framework of activities in which an institution can engage and is intended
primarily for the protection of the insurance fund and depositors. The
regulatory structure also gives the regulatory authorities extensive discretion
in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination
policies, including policies with respect to the classification of assets and
the establishment of adequate loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes. Any
change in such policies, whether by the OTS, the FDIC or the Congress, could
have a material adverse impact on the Company, the Bank or their operations. The
Company, as a savings and loan holding company, will also be required to file
certain reports with, and otherwise comply with the rules and regulations of the
OTS and the SEC under the federal securities laws.
Any change in the regulatory structure or the applicable statutes or
regulations, whether by the OTS, the FDIC or the Congress, could have a material
impact on the Company, the Bank, their operations, or the Reorganization.
Congress is expected to consider in 1997 the elimination of the federal thrift
charter and the abolishment of the OTS. The results of such consideration,
including possible enactment of legislation, is uncertain. Therefore, the Bank
is unable to determine the extent to which the results of such consideration or
possible legislation, if enacted, would affect its business. See "Risk Factors -
Financial Institution Regulation and Possible Legislation."
Certain of the regulatory requirements applicable to the Bank and to
the Company are referred to below or elsewhere herein. The description of
statutory provisions and regulations applicable to savings associations set
forth in this Prospectus do not purport to be complete descriptions of such
statutes and regulations and their effects on the Bank and the Company and is
qualified in its entirety by reference to such statutes and regulations.
FEDERAL SAVINGS INSTITUTION REGULATION
Business Activities. The activities of federal savings institutions are
governed by the Home Owners' Loan Act, as amended (the "HOLA") and, in certain
respects, the Federal Deposit Insurance Act ("FDI Act") and the regulations
issued by the agencies to implement these statutes. These laws and regulations
delineate the nature and extent of the activities in which federal associations
may engage. In particular, many types of lending authority for federal
associations, e.g., commercial, non-residential real property loans and consumer
loans, are limited to a specified percentage of the institutions's capital or
assets.
Loans-to-One Borrower. Under the HOLA, savings institutions are
generally subject to the national bank limit on loans-to-one borrower.
Generally, this limit is 15% of the Bank's unimpaired capital and surplus, plus
an additional 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus, if such loan is secured by
readily-marketable collateral, which is defined to include certain financial
instruments and bullion. At September 30, 1996, the Bank's general limit on
loans-to-one borrower was $1.3 million. At September 30, 1996, the Bank's
largest aggregate amount of loans-to-one borrower consisted of $706,772.
QTL Test. The HOLA requires savings institutions to meet a QTL test.
Under the QTL test, a savings association is required to maintain at least 65%
of its "portfolio assets" (total assets less: (i) specified liquid assets up to
20% of total assets; (ii) intangibles, including goodwill; and (iii) the value
of property used to conduct business) in certain "qualified thrift investments"
(primarily residential mortgages and related investments, including certain
mortgage-backed and related securities) in at least 9 months out of each 12
month period. A savings association that fails the QTL test must either convert
to a bank charter or operate under certain restrictions. As of September 30,
1996, the Bank maintained 94.9% of its portfolio assets in qualified thrift
investments and, therefore, met the QTL test. Recent legislation has expanded
the extent to which education loans, credit card loans and small business loans
may be considered as "qualified thrift investments."
Limitation on Capital Distributions. OTS regulations impose limitations
upon all capital distributions by savings institutions, such as cash dividends,
payments to repurchase or otherwise acquire its shares, payments to stockholders
of another institution in a cash-out merger and other distributions charged
against capital. The rule
72
establishes three tiers of institutions, which are based primarily on an
institution's capital level. An institution that exceeds all fully phased-in
regulatory capital requirements before and after a proposed capital distribution
("Tier 1 Bank") and has not been advised by the OTS that it is in need of more
than normal supervision, could, after prior notice to, but without the approval
of the OTS, make capital distributions during a calendar year equal to the
greater of: (i) 100% of its net earnings to date during the calendar year plus
the amount that would reduce by one-half its "surplus capital ratio" (the excess
capital over its fully phased-in capital requirements) at the beginning of the
calendar year; or (ii) 75% of its net earnings for the previous four quarters.
Any additional capital distributions would require prior OTS approval. In the
event the Bank's capital fell below its capital requirements or the OTS notified
it that it was in need of more than normal supervision, the Bank's ability to
make capital distributions could be restricted. In addition, the OTS could
prohibit a proposed capital distribution by any institution, which would
otherwise be permitted by the regulation, if the OTS determines that such
distribution would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice.
Liquidity. The Bank is required to maintain an average daily balance of
specified liquid assets equal to a monthly average of not less than a specified
percentage (currently 5%) of its net withdrawable deposit accounts plus
short-term borrowings. OTS regulations also require each savings institution to
maintain an average daily balance of short-term liquid assets at a specified
percentage (currently 1%) of the total of its net withdrawable deposit accounts
and borrowings payable in one year or less. Monetary penalties may be imposed
for failure to meet these liquidity requirements. The Bank's average liquidity
ratio for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 was 7.6%, which exceeded the
applicable requirements. The Bank has never been subject to monetary penalties
for failure to meet its liquidity requirements. See "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and
Capital Resources."
Assessments. Savings institutions are required by regulation to pay
assessments to the OTS to fund the agency's operations. The general assessment,
paid on a semi-annual basis, is based upon the savings institution's total
assets, including consolidated subsidiaries, as reported in the Bank's latest
quarterly Thrift Financial Report. The assessments paid by the Bank for the nine
months ended September 30, 1996 totalled $14,348.
Branching. OTS regulations permit federally chartered savings
associations to branch nationwide under certain conditions. Generally, federal
savings associations may establish interstate networks and geographically
diversify their loan portfolios and lines of business. The OTS authority
preempts any state law purporting to regulate branching by federal savings
associations. For a discussion of the impact of proposed legislation, see "Risk
Factors -Financial Institution Regulation and Possible Legislation."
Transactions with Related Parties. The Bank's authority to engage in
transactions with related parties or "affiliates" (i.e., any company that
controls or is under common control with an institution, including the Company
and any non-savings institution subsidiaries that the Company may establish) is
limited by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act ("FRA"). Section 23A
restricts the aggregate amount of covered transactions with any individual
affiliate to 10% of the capital and surplus of the savings institution and also
limits the aggregate amount of transactions with all affiliates to 20% of the
savings institution's capital and surplus. Certain transactions with affiliates
are required to be secured by collateral in an amount and of a type described in
Section 23A and the purchase of low quality assets from affiliates is generally
prohibited. Section 23B generally requires that certain transactions with
affiliates, including loans and asset purchases, must be on terms and under
circumstances, including credit standards, that are substantially the same or at
least as favorable to the institution as those prevailing at the time for
comparable transactions with non-affiliated companies.
Enforcement. Under the FDI Act, the OTS has primary enforcement
responsibility over savings institutions and has the authority to bring action
against all "institution-affiliated parties," including stockholders, and any
attorneys, appraisers and accountants who knowingly or recklessly participate in
wrongful action likely to have an adverse effect on an insured institution.
Formal enforcement action may range from the issuance of a capital directive or
cease and desist order to removal of officers or directors, receivership,
conservatorship or termination
73
of deposit insurance. Civil penalties cover a wide range of violations and can
amount to $25,000 per day, or $1 million per day in especially egregious cases.
Under the FDI Act, the FDIC has the authority to recommend to the Director of
the OTS that enforcement action be taken with respect to a particular savings
institution. If action is not taken by the Director, the FDIC has authority to
take such action under certain circumstances. Federal and state law also
establishes criminal penalties for certain violations.
Standards for Safety and Soundness. The FDI Act requires each federal
banking agency to prescribe for all insured depository institutions standards
relating to, among other things, internal controls, information systems and
audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk
exposure, asset growth, and compensation, fees and benefits and such other
operational and managerial standards as the agency deems appropriate. The
federal banking agencies have adopted final regulations and Interagency
Guidelines Establishing Standards for Safety and Soundness ("Guidelines") to
implement these safety and soundness standards. The Guidelines set forth the
safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify
and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes
impaired. The Guidelines address internal controls and information systems;
internal audit system; credit underwriting; loan documentation; interest rate
risk exposure; asset growth; asset quality; earnings; and compensation, fees and
benefits. If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an
institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the Guidelines, the agency
may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to
achieve compliance with the standard, as required by the FDI Act. The final
regulations establish deadlines for the submission and review of such safety and
soundness compliance plans.
Capital Requirements. The OTS capital regulations require savings
institutions to meet three capital standards: a 1.5% tangible capital standard,
a 3% leverage (core capital) ratio and an 8% risk based capital standard. Core
capital is defined as common stockholder's equity (including retained earnings),
certain non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus, minority
interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries less intangibles other
than certain mortgage servicing rights and credit card relationships. The OTS
regulations require that, in meeting the leverage ratio, tangible and risk-based
capital standards institutions generally must deduct investments in and loans to
subsidiaries engaged in activities not permissible for a national bank. In
addition, the OTS prompt corrective action regulation provides that a savings
institution that has a leverage capital ratio of less than 4% (3% for
institutions receiving the highest CAMEL examination rating) will be deemed to
be "undercapitalized" and may be subject to certain restrictions. See "- Prompt
Corrective Regulatory Action."
The risk-based capital standard for savings institutions requires the
maintenance of total capital (which is defined as core capital and supplementary
capital) to risk-weighted assets of 8%. In determining the amount of
risk-weighted assets, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets,
are multiplied by a risk-weight of 0% to 100%, as assigned by the OTS capital
regulation based on the risks the OTS believes are inherent in the type of
asset. The components of core capital are equivalent to those discussed earlier
under the 3% leverage standard. The components of supplementary capital
currently include cumulative preferred stock, long-term perpetual preferred
stock, mandatory convertible securities, subordinated debt and intermediate
preferred stock and, within specified limits, the allowance for loan and lease
losses. Overall, the amount of supplementary capital included as part of total
capital cannot exceed 100% of core capital.
The OTS has incorporated an interest rate risk component into its
regulatory capital rule. The final interest rate risk rule also adjusts the
risk-weighting for certain mortgage derivative securities. Under the rule,
savings associations with "above normal" interest rate risk exposure would be
subject to a deduction from total capital for purposes of calculating their
risk-based capital requirements. A savings association's interest rate risk is
measured by the decline in the net portfolio value of its assets (i.e., the
difference between incoming and outgoing discounted cash flows from assets,
liabilities and off-balance sheet contracts) that would result from a
hypothetical 200-basis point increase or decrease in market interest rates
divided by the estimated economic value of the association's assets, as
calculated in accordance with guidelines set forth by the OTS. A savings
association whose measured interest rate risk exposure exceeds 2% must deduct an
interest rate component in calculating its total capital under the risk-based
capital rule. The interest rate risk component is an amount equal to
one-half of the difference between
74
the institution's measured interest rate risk and 2%, multiplied by the
estimated economic value of the association's assets. That dollar amount is
deducted from an association's total capital in calculating compliance with its
risk-based capital requirement. Under the rule, there is a two quarter lag
between the reporting date of an institution's financial data and the effective
date for the new capital requirement based on that data. A savings association
with assets of less than $300 million and risk-based capital ratios in excess of
12% is not subject to the interest rate risk component, unless the OTS
determines otherwise. The rule also provides that the Director of the OTS may
waive or defer an association's interest rate risk component on a case-by-case
basis. The OTS has postponed the date that the component will first be deducted
from an institution's total capital to provide it with an opportunity to review
the interest rate risk approaches taken by the other federal banking agencies.
At September 30, 1996, the Bank met each of its capital requirements,
in each case on a fully phased-in basis. Due to the fluctuations in the Bank's
total assets as a result of its mortgage banking operations, the Bank has been
required by the OTS since the Bank's examination completed August 9, 1996 to
compute its regulatory capital ratios based upon the higher of (1) the average
of total assets based on month-end results; or (2) total assets of the quarter
end. Total assets at the end of the quarter ended September 30, 1996 were higher
than the month end averages, and therefore the OTS capital averaging requirement
did not have an effect on the Bank's regulatory capital ratios. See
"Capitalization" for a table which sets forth in terms of dollars and
percentages the OTS tangible, leverage and risk-based capital requirements, the
Bank's historical amounts and percentages at September 30, 1996 and pro forma
capitalization of the Company based upon the issuance of the shares within the
Estimated Price Range.
PROMPT CORRECTIVE REGULATORY ACTION
Under the OTS prompt corrective action regulations, the OTS is required
to take certain supervisory actions against undercapitalized institutions, the
severity of which depends upon the institution's degree of capitalization.
Generally, a savings institution that has a total risk-based capital of less
than 8.0% or a leverage ratio or a Tier 1 capital ratio that is less than 4.0%
is considered to be undercapitalized. A savings institution that has a total
risk-based capital less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less
than 3.0% or a leverage ratio that is less than 3.0% is considered to be
"significantly undercapitalized" and a savings institution that has a tangible
capital to assets ratio equal to or less than 2.0% is deemed to be "critically
undercapitalized." Subject to a narrow exception, the banking regulator is
required to appoint a receiver or conservator for an institution that is
critically undercapitalized. The regulation also provides that a capital
restoration plan must be filed with the OTS within 45 days of the date an
association receives notice that it is "undercapitalized," "significantly
undercapitalized" or "critically undercapitalized." Compliance with the plan
must be guaranteed by any parent holding company. In addition, numerous
mandatory supervisory actions may become immediately applicable to the
institution depending upon its category, including, but not limited to,
increased monitoring by regulators, restrictions on growth, and capital
distributions and limitations on expansion. The OTS could also take any one of a
number of discretionary supervisory actions, including the issuance of a capital
directive and the replacement of senior executive officers and directors.
INSURANCE OF DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS
Deposits of the Bank are presently insured by the SAIF. Both the SAIF
and the BIF (the deposit insurance fund that covers most commercial bank
deposits) are statutorily required to be recapitalized to a 1.25% of insured
reserve deposits ratio. Until recently, members of the SAIF and BIF were paying
average deposit insurance premiums of between 24 and 25 basis points. The BIF
met the required reserve in 1995, whereas the SAIF was not expected to meet or
exceed the required level until 2002 at the earliest. This situation was
primarily due to the statutory requirement that SAIF members make payments on
bonds issued in the late 1980s by the Financing Corporation ("FICO") to
recapitalize the predecessor to the SAIF.
In view of the BIF's achieving the 1.25% ratio, the FDIC ultimately
adopted a new assessment rate schedule of from 0 to 27 basis points under which
92% of BIF members paid an annual premium of only $2,000. With respect to SAIF
member institutions, the FDIC adopted a final rule retaining the previously
existing assessment rate
75
schedule applicable to SAIF member institutions of 23 to 31 basis points. As
long as the premium differential continued, it may have had adverse consequences
for SAIF members, including reduced earnings and an impaired ability to raise
funds in the capital markets. In addition, SAIF members, such as the Bank could
have been placed at a substantial competitive disadvantage to BIF members with
respect to pricing of loans and deposits and the ability to achieve lower
operating costs.
On September 30, 1996, the President signed into law the Deposit
Insurance Funds Act of 1996 (the "Funds Act") which, among other things, imposed
a special one-time assessment on SAIF member institutions, including the Bank,
to recapitalize the SAIF. As required by the Funds Act, the FDIC imposed a
special assessment of 65.7 basis points on SAIF assessable deposits held as of
March 31, 1995, payable November 27, 1996 (the "SAIF Special Assessment"). The
SAIF Special Assessment was recognized by the Bank as an expense in the quarter
ended September 30, 1996 and is generally tax deductible. The SAIF Special
Assessment recorded by the Bank amounted to $448,000 on a pre-tax basis and
$243,000 on an after-tax basis.
The Funds Act also spreads the obligations for payment of the FICO
bonds across all SAIF and BIF members. Beginning on January 1, 1997, BIF
deposits will be assessed for FICO payment of 1.3 basis points, while SAIF
deposits will pay 6.48 basis points. Full pro rata sharing of the FICO payments
between BIF and SAIF members will occur on the earlier of January 1, 2000 or the
date the BIF and SAIF are merged. The Funds Act specifies that the BIF and SAIF
will be merged on January 1, 1999, provided no savings associations remain as of
that time.
As a result of the Funds Act, the FDIC recently voted to effectively
lower SAIF assessments to 0 to 27 basis points as of January 1, 1997, a range
comparable to that of BIF members. However, SAIF members will continue to make
the FICO payments described above. The FDIC also lowered the SAIF assessment
schedule for the fourth quarter of 1996 to 18 to 27 basis points. Management
cannot predict the level of FDIC insurance assessments on an on-going basis,
whether the savings association charter will be eliminated or whether the BIF
and SAIF will eventually be merged.
The Bank's assessment rate for the nine months ended September 30, 1996
was 26 basis points and the premium paid for this period was $584,000. A
significant increase in SAIF insurance premiums would likely have an adverse
effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Bank.
Under the FDI Act, insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC
upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices,
is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any
applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC or the
OTS. The management of the Bank does not know of any practice, condition or
violation that might lead to termination of deposit insurance.
THRIFT RECHARTERING LEGISLATION
The Funds Act provides that the BIF and SAIF will merge on January 1,
1999 if there are no more savings associations as of that date. That legislation
also requires that the Department of Treasury to submit a report to Congress by
March 31, 1999 that makes recommendations regarding a common financial
institutions charter, including whether the separate charters for thrifts and
banks should be abolished. Various proposals to eliminate the federal thrift
charter, create a uniform financial institutions charter and abolish the OTS
were introduced in the 104th Congress. It is likely that legislation will be
introduced in the new Congress addressing the elimination of the savings
association charter. However, the Bank is unable to predict whether such
legislation would be enacted and, if so, the extent to which the legislation
would restrict or disrupt its operations.
76
TRUTH IN LENDING
The Truth in Lending Act ("TILA") and Regulation Z promulgated
thereunder requires lenders, such as the Bank, to provide a disclosure statement
to borrowers which explains the terms and cost of credit, including, but not
limited to, the amount financed, finance charges, other charges, and prepayment
terms. Regulation Z applies to a wide variety of lending transactions, including
mortgage loans and credit cards. The TILA provides borrowers with a three day
right to cancel certain credit transactions, including residential mortgage
loans and other loans where a customer pledges his or her principal dwelling as
security for the loan. Failure to comply with the provisions of the TILA could
subject a lender to criminal and civil sanctions.
The TILA was amended effective October 1, 1995 to impose new disclosure
requirements and substantive limitations on closed-end home equity mortgage
loans bearing rates or fees above a certain percentage or amount ("TILA
Amendments"). Specifically, the TILA Amendments applies to loans secured by a
customer's principal dwelling (other than a residential mortgage loan to acquire
or construct a borrower's principal dwelling, a reverse mortgage transaction or
home equity lines of credit) with (i) an annual percentage rate which exceeds by
more than ten percentage points the yield on U.S. Treasury securities having
comparable periods of maturity; or (ii) total loan origination fees and other
fees payable by the customer will exceed the greater of 8% of the loan amount or
$400 ("Covered Loans".) Additional disclosures are required to be provided to
the customer under the TILA Amendments for all Covered Loans not less than three
business days prior to the consummation of the transaction.
OTHER LENDING LAWS
The Bank is also required to comply with the Equal Credit Opportunity
Act of 1974, as amended ("ECOA"), which prohibits creditors from discriminating
against applicants on certain prohibited bases, including grace, color,
religion, national origin, sex, age or marital status. Regulation B promulgated
under ECOA restricts creditors from obtaining certain types of information from
loan applicants. Among other things, it also requires certain disclosures by the
lender regarding consumer rights and requires lenders to advise applicants of
the reasons for any credit denial. In instances where the applicant is denied
credit or the rate or charge for loans increases as a result of information
obtained from a consumer credit agency, another statute, the Fair Credit
Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, requires lenders to supply the applicant with
the name and address of the reporting agency. In addition, the Bank is subject
to the Fair Housing Act and regulations thereunder, which broadly prohibit
certain discriminatory practices in connection with the Bank's business. The
Bank is also subject to the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974, as
amended, and the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act.
In addition, the Bank is subject to various other Federal and state
laws, rules and regulations governing, among things, the licensing of, and
procedures which must be followed by, mortgage lenders and services, and
disclosures which must be made to consumer borrowers. Failure to comply with
such laws, as well as with the laws described above, may result in civil and
criminal liability.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK SYSTEM
The Bank is a member of the FHLB System, which consists of 12 regional
FHLBs. The FHLB provides a central credit facility primarily for member
institutions. The Bank, as a member of the FHLB, is required to acquire and hold
shares of capital stock in the FHLB in an amount at least equal to 1% of the
aggregate principal amount of its unpaid residential mortgage loans and similar
obligations at the beginning of each year, or 1/20 of its advances (borrowings)
from the FHLB, whichever is greater. The Bank was in compliance with this
requirement with an investment in FHLB stock at September 30, 1996, of $802,000.
FHLB advances must be secured by specified types of collateral and all long-term
advances may only be obtained for the purpose of providing funds for residential
housing finance. At September 30, 1996, the Bank had no outstanding FHLB
advances.
77
The FHLBs are required to provide funds for the resolution of insolvent
thrifts and to contribute funds for affordable housing programs. These
requirements could reduce the amount of dividends that the FHLBs pay to their
members and could also result in the FHLBs imposing a higher rate of interest on
advances to their members. For the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993,
dividends from the FHLB to the Bank amounted to $30,462, $30,299 and $17,045,
respectively. If dividends were reduced, the Bank's net interest income would
likely also be reduced. Further, there can be no assurance that the impact of
recent or future legislation on the FHLBs will not also cause a decrease in the
value of the FHLB stock held by the Bank.
FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
The Federal Reserve Board regulations require savings institutions to
maintain non-interest-earning reserves against their transaction accounts. The
Federal Reserve Board regulations generally require that reserves be maintained
against aggregate transaction accounts as follows: for accounts aggregating
$52.0 million or less (subject to adjustment by the Federal Reserve Board) the
reserve requirement is 3%; and for accounts greater than $52.0 million, the
reserve requirement is $1.6 million plus 10% (subject to adjustment by the
Federal Reserve Board between 8% and 14%) against that portion of total
transaction accounts in excess of $52.0 million. The first $4.3 million of
otherwise reservable balances (subject to adjustment by the Federal Reserve
Board) are exempted from the reserve requirements. The Bank is in compliance
with the foregoing requirements. Because required reserves must be maintained in
the form of either vault cash, a non-interest-bearing account at a Federal
Reserve Bank or a pass-through account as defined by the Federal Reserve Board,
the effect of this reserve requirement is to reduce the Bank's interest-earning
assets. FHLB System members are also authorized to borrow from the Federal
Reserve "discount window," but Federal Reserve Board regulations require
institutions to exhaust all FHLB sources before borrowing from a Federal Reserve
Bank.
HOLDING COMPANY REGULATION
The Company will be a non-diversified unitary savings and loan holding
company within the meaning of the HOLA. As such, the Company will be required to
register with the OTS and will be subject to OTS regulations, examinations,
supervision and reporting requirements. In addition, the OTS has enforcement
authority over the Company and its non-savings institution subsidiaries. Among
other things, this authority permits the OTS to restrict or prohibit activities
that are determined to be a serious risk to the subsidiary savings institution.
The Bank must notify the OTS 30 days before declaring any dividend to the
Company.
As a unitary savings and loan holding company, the Company generally
will not be restricted under existing laws as to the types of business
activities in which it may engage, provided that the Bank continues to be a QTL.
See "- Federal Savings Institution Regulation - QTL Test" for a discussion of
the QTL requirements. Upon any non-supervisory acquisition by the Company of
another savings association, the Company would become a multiple savings and
loan holding company (if the acquired institution is held as a separate
subsidiary) and would be subject to extensive limitations on the types of
business activities in which it could engage. The HOLA limits the activities of
a multiple savings and loan holding company and its non-insured institution
subsidiaries primarily to activities permissible for bank holding companies
under Section 4(c)(8) of the BHC Act, subject to the prior approval of the OTS,
and to other activities authorized by OTS regulation. Previously proposed
legislation would have treated all savings and loan holding companies as bank
holding companies and limit the activities of such companies to those
permissible for bank holding companies. See "Risk Factors - Financial
Institution Regulation and Possible Legislation."
The HOLA prohibits a savings and loan holding company, directly or
indirectly, or through one or more subsidiaries, from acquiring more than 5% of
the voting stock of another savings institution, or holding company thereof,
without prior written approval of the OTS; and from acquiring or retaining, with
certain exceptions, more than 5% of a non-subsidiary holding company or savings
association. The HOLA also prohibits a savings and loan holding company from
acquiring more than 5% of a company engaged in activities other than those
authorized for savings and loan holding companies by the HOLA; or acquiring or
retaining control of a depository institution that
78
is not insured by the FDIC. In evaluating applications by holding companies to
acquire savings institutions, the OTS must consider the financial and managerial
resources and future prospects of the company and institution involved, the
effect of the acquisition on the risk to the insurance funds, the convenience
and needs of the community and competitive factors.
The OTS is prohibited from approving any acquisition that would result
in a multiple savings and loan holding company controlling savings institutions
in more than one state, except: (i) the approval of interstate supervisory
acquisitions by savings and loan holding companies, and (ii) the acquisition of
a savings institution in another state if the laws of the state of the target
savings institution specifically permit such acquisitions. The states vary in
the extent to which they permit interstate savings and loan holding company
acquisitions.
FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS
The Company has filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1
under the Securities Act for the registration of the Common Stock to be issued
in the Offerings. Upon the effectiveness of the Offerings, the Company's Common
Stock will be registered with the SEC under the Exchange Act. The Company will
then be subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading
restrictions and other requirements under the Exchange Act.
The registration under the Securities Act of shares of the Common Stock
to be issued in the Offerings does not cover the resale of such shares. Shares
of the Common Stock purchased by persons who are not affiliates of the Company
may be resold without registration. Shares purchased by an affiliate of the
Company will be subject to the resale restrictions of Rule 144 under the
Securities Act. If the Company meets the current public information requirements
of Rule 144 under the Securities Act, each affiliate of the Company who complies
with the other conditions of Rule 144 (including those that require the
affiliate's sale to be aggregated with those of certain other persons) would be
able to sell in the public market, without registration, a number of shares not
to exceed, in any three-month period, the greater of (i) 1% of the outstanding
shares of the Company or (ii) the average weekly volume of trading in such
shares during the preceding four calendar weeks. Provision may be made in the
future by the Company to permit affiliates to have their shares registered for
sale under the Securities Act under certain circumstances.
79
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY
The following table sets forth certain information regarding executive
officers and directors of the Company.
Name Age(1) Position(s) Held With Company
--------------------- ------------ -----------------------------------------
Daniel L. Perl 47 Director, President and Chief Executive
Officer
L. Bruce Mills, Jr. 39 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial
Officer, Treasurer and Corporate Secretary
Ronald G. Skipper 55 Chairman of the Board
Richard C. Caldwell 55 Director
John D. Goddard 57 Director
Milton E. Johnson 59 Director
--------------
(1) As of September 30, 1996.
Biographical Information
Daniel L. Perl joined the Bank in 1994 as the Senior Vice President and
Chief Loan Officer. Mr. Perl was recently promoted to the position of President
and Chief Executive Officer of the Bank. Mr. Perl has over twenty-one years of
continuous experience in real estate finance. Prior to joining the Bank, Mr.
Perl served in management positions with various mortgage finance companies and
banking institutions. From 1991 to 1993, Mr. Perl was a Senior Vice President
with WCP Trading Corporation.
L. Bruce Mills, Jr. joined the Bank in 1986. Mr. Mills currently serves as
the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Bank. Prior to
joining the Bank, Mr. Mills served as an examiner with the Federal Home Loan
Bank of San Francisco.
Ronald G. Skipper is the Chairman of the Board of the Company and has
served as a Director of the Bank since 1983. Mr. Skipper is a self-employed
attorney and has been practicing law for 31 years.
Richard C. Caldwell is the Chairman of the Board of the Bank. Mr. Caldwell
was elected to the Board of Directors of the Bank in 1983 and has served as
Chairman of the Board since 1983. Mr. Caldwell has been a partner of Caldwell &
Moreland Insurance brokers since January, 1995. Since February 1982, Mr.
Caldwell has been President and sole owner of Caldwell & Hunt Insurance Brokers.
John D. Goddard has served as a Director of the Bank since 1988. Mr.
Goddard is a Certified Public Accountant. Mr. Goddard has been President of
Goddard Accountancy Corporation since 1962.
Milton E. Johnson has served as a Director of the Bank since 1983. Mr.
Johnson has been the President of Horne Lumber Company, a building materials
supplier, since 1960. In addition, Mr. Johnson has been a partner in Control
Nevada Hay Company since 1987.
The Board of Directors of the Company is divided into three classes, each
of which contains approximately one-third of the Board. The directors shall be
elected by the stockholders of the Company for staggered three year terms, or
until their successors are elected and qualified. One class of directors,
consisting of Messrs. Richard C. Caldwell and Milton E. Johnson, has a term of
office expiring at the first annual meeting of stockholders; a second class,
consisting of Messrs. Ronald G. Skipper and Daniel L. Perl, has a term of office
expiring at the second annual meeting of stockholders; and a third class,
consisting of Mr. John D. Goddard, has a term of office expiring at the third
annual meeting of stockholders.
The officers of the Company are elected annually and hold office until
their respective successors have been elected and qualified or until death,
resignation or removal by the Board of Directors. Since the formation of the
Company, none of the executive officers, directors or other personnel has
received remuneration from the Company.
Committees of the Board of Directors of the Company
The Company has established an Audit Committee consisting of Messrs.
Skipper and Goddard and a Personnel/Compensation Committee consisting of Messrs.
Skipper, Goddard, Johnson and Perl.
Directors' Compensation
The directors of the Company who are not also employees of the Company will
receive a monthly retainer for acting in such capacity following the
Reorganization. The amount of such fees has not yet been determined.
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BANK
Directors
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Board of
Directors of the Bank.
Positions Director Term
Name Age(1) Held With the Bank Since Expires
- --------------------------- ------- -------------------- ------- ---------
Richard C. Caldwell 55 Chairman of 1983 1997
the Board
John D. Goddard 57 Director 1988 1999
Milton E. Johnson 59 Director 1983 1997
Edgar C. Keller 75 Director 1983 1999
Milton L. Kelley 71 Director 1983 1997
Daniel L. Perl(2) 47 Director, President 1996 1997
and Chief Executive
Officer
Ronald G. Skipper 55 Director 1983 1998
Louis E. Yeager 76 Director 1983 1998
- -----------------------------
(1) As of September 30, 1996
(2) Mr. Perl was elected by the Board of Directors to fill the vacancy created
by the resignation of a director in June 1996.
Executive Officers who are not Directors
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the executive
officer of the Bank who is not also a director.
Name Age(1) Position Held with the Bank
- ---------------------------- ------ --------------------------------------------------
L. Bruce Mills, Jr. 39 Executive Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer
Joseph R.L. Passarino 41 Senior Vice President
Mary E. Darter 36 Senior Vice President
_____________________________
(1) As of September 30, 1996.
Biographical Information
Directors and Executive Officers of the Bank who are not Directors and
Executive Officers of the Company
Edgar C. Keller has been a Director of the Bank since 1983. Mr. Keller was a
partner with the law firm of Keller & Holt from 1963 until 1994. After such
time, Mr. Keller was a partner with the law firm of Keller & Keller until his
retirement in 1996.
Milton L. Kelley has been a Director of the Bank since 1983. Prior to his
retirement he was the owner of a jewelry store.
Louis E. Yeager has served as a Director of the Bank since 1983. Mr. Yeager
was the District Manager for Shell Oil Company prior to his retirement in March,
1974. Mr. Yeager currently serves on the Board of the San Bernardino United
School District.
Joseph R.L. Passarino joined the Bank in February 1994 as senior vice
president and is responsible for all loans originated by the Bank nationally.
Prior to that, from 1988 to 1994, Mr. Passarino was in charge of loan production
for St. Thomas Company.
Mary E. Darter joined the Bank in July 1994 and was named senior vice
president in August 1996. Ms. Darter is primarily responsible for mortgage
financing operations. Prior to joining the Bank, Ms. Darter was employed by
Imperial Credit Industries/Southern Pacific Thrift and Loan from 1991 to 1994
in charge of the warehouse line of credit division and bulk acquisitions.
Committees and Meetings of the Board of Directors of the Bank
The Board of Directors meets on a monthly basis and may have additional
special meetings upon the request of the Chairman of the Board. During the year
ended December 31, 1995, the Board of Directors met 12 times. No director
attended fewer than 75% of the total number of Board meetings held during this
period.
The Board of Directors of the Bank has established the following Board and
management committees:
The Audit Committee consists of Messrs. Keller, Kelley, Goddard and Yeager.
The Bank's Internal Auditors report to this committee. The purpose of this
committee is to review the audit function and management actions regarding the
implementation of audit findings. The committee also maintains a liaison with
the outside auditors and reviews the adequacy of internal controls. The
committee meets quarterly or as necessary.
The Loan Committee consists of Messrs. Skipper, Caldwell, Johnson and Perl.
This Committee exercises the authority of the Board pertaining to loan matters
and approves or rejects all loans presented by management. This Committee also
reviews the workout solutions of problem loans, and approves the classification
of assets and the establishment of adequate valuation allowances. The Committee
meets monthly.
The Executive Committee consists of Messrs. Caldwell, Goddard and Skipper.
This committee exercises the authority of the Board of Directors with respect to
matters requiring action between meetings of the Board of Directors. Any
actions by this committee require subsequent ratification by the Board of
Directors at the next regular meeting. The Executive Committee meets as needed.
The Investment Committee consists of Messrs. Goddard, Caldwell, Johnson and
Mills. The purpose of this committee is to adopt and maintain policies
regarding the investment portfolio and to monitor the interest rate and the
credit risks of liquidity portfolio investments. This committee meets semi-
annually or as needed.
The Personnel/Compensation Committee consists of Messrs. Yeager, Keller,
Kelley, Johnson, Caldwell, Goddard and Perl. This Committee is responsible for
all matters regarding compensation and benefits, hiring, termination and
affirmative action issues. The committee meets semi-annually or as needed.
The Asset Classification Committee consists of Messrs. Mills and Perl. The
purpose of this committee is to review the Bank's loan portfolio and monitor the
classification of assets. This committee meets quarterly.
The Bank also maintains a Budget Committee consisting of Messrs. Caldwell,
Goddard, Kelley, Yeager and Mills.
Directors' Compensation
Directors' Fees. Directors of the Bank who are not also employees of the Bank
receive a retainer of $950 per month for serving on the Bank's Board of
Directors except the Chairman of the Board who receives $1200 per month.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Summary Compensation Table. The following table shows, for the year ended
December 31, 1995, the cash compensation paid by the Bank, as well as certain
other compensation paid or accrued for those years, to the chief executive
officer and the most highly compensated executive officer of the Bank other than
the chief executive officer in fiscal year 1995 ("Named Executive Officers").
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-Term Compensation
-----------------------------------------
Compensation(1) Awards Payouts
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restricted Securities
Other Stock Underlying LTIP All Other
Name and Principal Compensation Awards Options Payouts Compensation
Positions(2) Year Salary($) Bonus($) ($)(1) ($) (#) ($) ($)(3)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Daniel L. Perl 1995 $75,000 $572,555(4) $ - $ - $ - $ - $750
President and Chief
Executive Officer
Nora Vineyard 1995 100,000 - - - - - 750
President and
Chief Executive
Officer
Joseph R.L. Passarino 1995 21,000 145,204 - - - - -
- -----------------------------------
(1) For fiscal year ending in 1995, there were no (a) perquisites over the
lesser of $50,000 or 10% of the individual's total salary and bonus for the
year; (b) payments of above-market preferential earnings on deferred
compensation; (c) payments of earnings with respect to long-term incentive
plans prior to settlement or maturation; (d) tax payment reimbursements; or
(e) preferential discounts on stock.
(2) Ms. Vineyard retired from the position of President and Chief Executive
Officer in June, 1996 at which time Mr. Perl was elected to fill these
positions.
(3) Represents amount contributed by the Bank pursuant to the Bank's 401(k)
Plan.
(4) Includes $285,443 deferred by Mr. Perl for 1995 which was paid in 1996. See
"Employment Agreement."
85
PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
The Bank entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Perl (the
"Executive") on December 31, 1993. This employment agreement was intended to
ensure that the Bank would be able to maintain a stable and competent loan
operation. The continued success of the Bank depends to a significant degree on
the skills and competence of Mr. Perl. The employment agreement provided for a
one year term and could be extended for an additional three year period. The
employment agreement provided that the Executive's base salary was $75,000. In
addition to the base salary, the employment agreement provided that Mr. Perl
received certain incentive compensation. The incentive compensation was
determined by a specific formula tied to the performance of the Bank's mortgage
finance operation. Based upon his base salary and incentive compensation, Mr.
Perl earned $648,000 in 1995.
LETTER AGREEMENT
In order to ensure continuity of management during the period prior to
the Reorganization, the Company and the Bank and Mr. Perl have entered into a
letter agreement ("Letter Agreement") to replace the previous employment
agreement, effective January 1, 1997, through the later of the date of the
completion of the Public Offering and the Reorganization. The Letter Agreement
also sets forth the basic terms of the employment agreements between Mr. Perl
and each of the Bank and the Company upon the completion of the Reorganization
and the Public Offering. The terms of the proposed agreements are set forth in
"- Employment Agreements."
The Letter Agreement provides that during the period of its
effectiveness, Mr. Perl will serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of
the Company and the Bank, and will receive a base salary of $400,000 per year
("Base Salary"), plus a bonus equal to 8.0% of the average after tax net income
in excess of 10.0% return on average equity, as defined in the letter agreement
("Bonus"). Such Bonus shall be payable no later than March 15, 1998. Payment of
the Base Salary and Bonus are dependent upon the Bank maintaining minimum
regulatory capital requirements and there being no OTS supervisory directive in
place regarding the Bank and its operations or the services performed by Mr.
Perl.
The Letter Agreement provides for termination of Mr. Perl's employment
by the Bank or the Company for cause as defined in the Letter Agreement at any
time. In the event the Bank or the Company chooses to terminate Mr. Perl's
employment for reasons other than for cause during the effective period of the
Letter Agreement, Mr. Perl, or in the event of death, his beneficiary, would be
entitled to receive two times Base Salary plus a Bonus equal to $2.2 million. In
the event the Bank is not in compliance with its minimum capital requirements or
if such payment would cause the Bank's capital to be reduced below minimum
regulatory capital requirements, such payments shall be deferred until such time
as the Bank or successor thereto is in capital compliance.
Under the Letter Agreement, in the event Mr. Perl voluntarily
terminates his employment with the Company or the Bank without the written
approval of the Boards of Directors of the Company and the Bank, as the case may
be, Mr. Perl has agreed not to compete with the Company or the Bank for a period
of one year following termination within the continental United States. Mr. Perl
has further agreed, in the event of a breach of the non-compete provision, to
pay as liquidated damages an aggregate sum of $500,000 in which event the
non-compete provision will expire.
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
Upon the consummation of the Reorganization and the Public Offering,
the Bank and the Company will enter into employment agreements (collectively,
the "Employment Agreements") with Mr. Perl. The Employment Agreements are
intended to ensure that the Bank and the Company will be able to maintain a
stable and competent management base after the Offerings. The continued success
of the Bank and the Company depends to a significant degree on the skills and
competence of Mr. Perl.
86
The Employment Agreements provide for three-year terms for Mr. Perl.
The Bank Employment Agreement, provides that, commencing on the first
anniversary date and continuing each anniversary date thereafter, the Board of
Directors may extend the agreement for an additional year so that the remaining
term shall be three years, unless written notice of non-renewal is given by the
Board of Directors after conducting a performance evaluation of Mr. Perl. The
term of the Company Employment Agreement shall be extended on a daily basis
unless written notice of non-renewal is given by the Board of the Company. The
Bank and Company Employment Agreements provide that Mr. Perl's salary will be
reviewed annually. The Bank Employment Agreement provides that Mr. Perl will
receive a Base Salary of $150,000 per year while the Company Employment
Agreement provides that he will receive a Base Salary of $250,000 per year
(together the "Base Salary"), plus a bonus equal to 8.0% of the average of the
after tax net income of the Company in excess of 100% return on average equity,
as defined in the Employment Agreements ("Bonus"). Such Base Salary is pro rated
between the Bank and the Company depending upon the duties performed for and the
obligations to each of the Bank and the Company, respectively while the Bonus
shall be paid by the Company. The Bonus for each year shall be payable by the
Company no later than March 15 of the following year. In addition to the Base
Salary and Bonus, the Employment Agreements provide for, among other things,
participation in stock benefits plans and other fringe benefits substantially
equivalent to those in which Mr. Perl was participating or otherwise deriving
benefit from immediately prior to the beginning of the terms of the Employment
Agreements. The Employment Agreements provide for termination by the Bank or the
Company for cause as defined in the Employment Agreements at any time. In the
event the Bank or the Company chooses to terminate Mr. Perl's employment for
reasons other than for cause, or in the event of Mr. Perl's resignation from the
Bank or the Company upon: (i) failure to re-elect Mr. Perl to his current
offices; (ii) a material change in Mr. Perl's functions, duties or
responsibilities; (iii) a relocation of Mr. Perl's principal place of employment
by more than 30 miles; (iv) a material reduction in the benefits or perquisites
to Mr. Perl from those being provided at the effective date of the Employment
Agreement, unless consented to by Mr. Perl or such reduction is part of a
nondiscriminatory reduction applicable to all employees; (v) liquidation or
dissolution of the Bank or the Company; or (v) a breach of the Employment
Agreement by the Bank or the Company, Mr. Perl or, in the event of death, his
beneficiary would be entitled to receive, pursuant to the Bank Agreement, those
payments due to Executive for the remaining term of the Agreement, or pursuant
to the Company Agreement, an amount equal to three times his Base Salary under
that Agreement for the preceding year plus two times his Bonus for the preceding
year; provided, however, that in the event that the Boards of Directors
determine that such payment would have a material adverse affect on the
Company's financial condition or results of operations, then the Company and the
Bank shall pay the Executive two times the previous year's Base Salary under
that Agreement, Common Stock of the Company having a fair market value equal to
one times the previous year's Base Salary under that Agreement and two times the
previous year's Bonus. In the event that Executive is terminated without cause
during 1997, the Executive will be entitled to two times Base Salary and a Bonus
equal to $2.2 million. The Bank and the Company would also continue and pay for
Mr. Perl's life, health, dental and disability coverage for the remaining term
of the Agreement. Under certain circumstances, upon any termination of the
Executive, the Executive is subject to a non-compete and liquidated damages
provision and a confidentiality provision relating to information in his
possession regarding the Company or the Bank. In the event that the Executive
thereafter breaches the non-compete provision, the Employment Agreements provide
that the Executive shall pay the Bank and the Company, in the aggregate,
$500,000, as liquidated damages, in which event the non-compete provision will
expire.
Under the Employment Agreements, if voluntary or involuntary
termination follows a change in control of the Bank or the Company, Mr. Perl or,
in the event of his death, his beneficiary, would be entitled to a severance
payment equal to the greater of: (i) the payments due for the remaining terms of
the agreement; or (ii) three times the average of the five preceding taxable
years' annual compensation. The Bank and the Company would also continue Mr.
Perl's life, health, and disability coverage for thirty-six months.
Payments to Mr. Perl under the Bank's Employment Agreement will be
guaranteed by the Company in the event that payments or benefits are not paid by
the Bank. In the event the Bank is not in compliance with its minimum capital
requirements or if any payment under the Bank Employment Agreement would cause
the Bank's capital to be reduced below minimum regulatory capital requirements,
such payments shall be deferred until such time as the Bank or Successor thereto
is in capital compliance. Payment under the Company's Employment
87
Agreement would be made by the Company. All reasonable costs and legal fees paid
or incurred by Mr. Perl pursuant to any dispute or question of interpretation
relating to the Employment Agreements shall be paid by the Bank or Company,
respectively, if Mr. Perl is successful on the merits pursuant to a legal
judgment, arbitration or settlement. The Employment Agreements also provide that
the Bank and Company shall indemnify Mr. Perl to the fullest extent allowable
under federal and Delaware law, respectively. In the event of a change in
control of the Bank or the Company during 1997, the total amount of payments due
under the Agreements, based on Base Salary to be paid to Mr. Perl and Bonus
would be $3.0 million.
CONSULTATION AGREEMENT
The Bank has entered into a five year consulting agreement with Mrs.
Nora L. Vineyard commencing on July 15, 1996 (the "Agreement"). Mrs. Vineyard
will receive compensation in the amount of $120,000 for a period of three years
and $90,000 for the remaining two years of the Agreement. The Agreement provides
Mrs. Vineyard with medical insurance during the term of the Agreement. Pursuant
to the terms of the Agreement, Mrs. Vineyard will be available to provide
advisory and consulting services and will give the Company and the Bank the
benefit of her special knowledge, skills, contacts and business experience. A
portion of the future payments due pursuant to this Agreement were accrued and
expensed during the nine months ended September 30, 1996. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -
Comparison of Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 1996 and
September 30, 1995."
BENEFITS
Insurance Plans. All full-time employees are covered as a group for
comprehensive hospitalization, including major medical, long-term disability,
accidental death and dismemberment insurance and group term life insurance.
401(k) Plan. The Bank maintains the Life Savings Bank Employee's
Savings Plan ("401(k) Plan"), a tax-qualified cash or deferred arrangement
(i.e., 401(k) feature), under Section 401(a) of the Code. The 401(k) Plan
provides participants with benefits upon retirement, death, disability or
termination of employment with the Bank. Employees are eligible to participate
in the plan following the completion of 6 months of service with the Bank and
the attainment of age 21.
Participants may authorize the Bank to contribute to the 401(k) Plan,
on their behalf, from 1% to 15% of their compensation, not to exceed certain
legally permissible limits, including an overall dollar limit of $9,500 for
1997. The Bank currently matches 25% of the first 8% of the deferral by a
Participant under the 401(k) Plan each year. Each plan year, the Bank may also
make an additional contribution to the 401(k) Plan (a "profit sharing
contribution"). The profit sharing contribution, if made by the Bank, is
allocated to each Participant's account based on the Participant's compensation
for the year relative to the compensation of all participants for the year.
Participants are always 100% vested in their deferral contributions.
Participants become 20% vested in the Bank's matching contributions and profit
sharing contributions after the completion of two year of service with the Bank.
Their vested interest in the matching contributions and profit sharing
contributions increases by 20% for each year of service completed, so that after
the completion of 6 years of service, the Participant is 100% vested in the
Bank's matching contributions and profit sharing contributions.
A Participant's vested portion of his or her 401(k) Plan account is
distributable from the 401(k) Plan upon termination of the participant's
employment, death, disability or retirement. Participants may also receive
hardship distributions and loans from the 401(k) Plan. Any distribution made to
a Participant prior to the Participant's attainment of age 59 1/2 is subject to
a 10% tax penalty. The Board of Directors may at any time discontinue the Bank's
contributions to employee accounts. For the years ended December, 1995, 1994 and
1993, the Bank's matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan were zero, $7,000 and
$8,000, respectively.
88
The 401(k) Plan permits Participants to direct the investment of their
401(k) plan account into various investment alternatives. The investment
accounts are valued daily and participants are provided with information
regarding the market value of the participant's investments and all
contributions made on his or her behalf on at least an annual basis. In
connection with the Reorganization of the Bank and the Offering, the Bank will
amend the 401(k) Plan to permit Participants to invest in an Employer Stock Fund
as one of the investment alternatives. The Employer Stock Fund will be invested
primarily in shares of Common Stock.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The Company has adopted, as of January
1997, the Life Financial Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), pursuant to
which the Company may make available for sale to employees shares of its Common
Stock at a price equal to no less than 85% of the fair market value of the
Common Stock on the date of purchase. The ESPP is designed to give eligible
employees the opportunity to purchase shares of Company Common Stock through
payroll deductions of up to a specified percentage of their total compensation.
The ESPP will become effective upon the completion of the Offerings.
ESOP. In connection with the Reorganization and Offering, the Company
intends to implement an employee stock ownership plan ("ESOP"). The ESOP is a
tax-qualified retirement plan under Section 401(a) of the Code designed to
invest primarily in the Common Stock. The ESOP will provide eligible employees
with the opportunity to receive a Company-funded retirement benefit based on the
value of the Common Stock and any other investment held by the plan. Employees
of the Company who have completed certain eligibility and minimum service
requirements will be eligible to participate in the ESOP. The Company's
contributions to the ESOP will be allocated to participants accounts based on
the ratio each participant's compensation bears to all participants'
compensation. It is expected that a Participant's account under the ESOP will
vest at the same rate as employer contributions to the 401(k) Plan vest (i.e.
20% after two years of service with full vesting after six years). It is
anticipated that the shares purchased by the ESOP will be funded through
contributions from the general funds of the Company on an annual basis and will
equal up to two percent (2.0%) of the issued and outstanding shares of the
Company at the time of purchase. Any such contributions shall be at the
discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company. Borrowed Funds will not be
used to acquire such shares.
STOCK OPTION PLAN
The Board of Directors of the Bank adopted the Life Savings Bank,
Federal Savings Bank 1996 Stock Option Plan (the "Option Plan"), a stock-based
benefit plan which provides for the granting of stock options to eligible
officers, employees and directors of the Bank on November 21, 1996. The Board of
Directors of the Bank has reserved 107,200 (321,607 post-Reorganization) shares
for issuance under the Option Plan. Upon completion of the Reorganization and
the Public Offering, the Bank's Option Plan will, by operation of law and
pursuant to the Option Plan, become the Option Plan of the Company. The Board of
Directors of the Company adopted amendments to the Option Plan and provided for
a restatement of such plan, which amendments and restatement will become
effective upon the completion of the Reorganization and the Public Offering. The
Board of Directors of the Company has reserved shares equal to 10% of the issued
and outstanding shares of the Company giving effect to the Reorganization and
the Public Offering, including Company options to be exchanged for Bank options.
Stock options with respect to shares of the Bank's Common Stock granted under
the Bank's Option Plan and outstanding prior to completion of the Reorganization
will automatically become options to purchase three shares of the Company's
Common Stock upon identical terms and conditions. The Company will assume all of
the Bank's obligations with respect to the Option Plan. Following the completion
of the Reorganization, the Company's Option Plan will be available to directors,
officers and employees of the Company and to directors, officers and employees
of its direct or indirect subsidiaries, including the Bank, as selected pursuant
to the plan and all references to the Bank's Common Stock will be deemed
references to the Company's Common Stock. The following description of the
Option Plan reflects the Plan as it will exist upon consummation of the
Reorganization.
The stock option benefits provided under the Option Plan are designed
to attract and retain qualified directors and personnel in key positions,
provide directors, officers and key employees with a proprietary interest
89
in the Company, and as an incentive to contribute to the success of the Bank and
the Company and reward key employees for outstanding performance. The Option
Plan provides for the grant of: (i) options to purchase the Company's Common
Stock intended to qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the
Code ("Incentive Stock Options"); (ii) options that do not so qualify ("Non-
Statutory Stock Options"); and (iii) Limited Rights. Limited Rights are
exercisable only upon a change in control of the Bank or the Company. Upon
exercise of "Limited Rights" in the event of a change in control, the employee
will be entitled to receive a lump sum cash payment equal to the difference
between the exercise price of the related option and the fair market value of
the shares of common stock subject to the option on the date of exercise of the
right in lieu of purchasing the stock underlying the option. Except for options
granted to directors, all options granted contemporaneously with adoption of the
Option Plan are intended to be Incentive Stock Options to the extent permitted
under Section 422 of the Code. The Option Plan will be in effect for a period of
ten years from the adoption by the Board of Directors.
Under the Option Plan, the Personnel/Compensation Committee determines
which officers and employees will be granted options and Limited Rights, whether
such options are to be incentive or non-statutory stock options, the number of
shares subject to each option, the exercise price of each stock option, whether
such options may be exercised by delivering other shares of Common Stock and
when such options become exercisable. The per share exercise price of a stock
option is required to be at least equal to the fair market value of a share of
Common Stock on the date the option is granted under the Option Plan. The
Committee has granted options to purchase 64,320 (192,960 post-Reorganization),
4,180 (12,540 post-Reorganization) and 4,156 (12,468 post-Reorganization) shares
respectively to Messrs. Perl, Mills and Passarino and has granted options to
purchase an aggregate of 13,104 (39,312 post-Reorganization) shares to six other
officers at an exercise price of $3.33, on a pro forma basis as of September 30,
1996. An additional _____, _____, and _____ options have been granted to Messrs.
Perl, Mills, Passarino and other officers, respectively, at the Offering Price.
An optionee will not be deemed to have received taxable income upon
grant or exercise of any Incentive Stock Option, provided that such shares
received through the exercise of such option are not disposed of by the employee
for at least one year after the date the stock is received in connection with
the option exercise and two years after the date of grant of the option. No
compensation deduction would be able to be taken by the Company as a result of
the grant or exercise of Incentive Stock Options, provided such shares are not
disposed of before the expiration of the period described above (a
"disqualifying disposition"). In the case of a Non-Statutory Stock Option and in
the case of a disqualifying disposition of an Incentive Stock Option, an
optionee will be deemed to receive ordinary income upon exercise of the stock
option in an amount equal to the amount by which the exercise price is exceeded
by the fair market value of the Common Stock purchased by exercising the option
on the date of exercise. The amount of any ordinary income deemed to be received
by an optionee upon the exercise of a Non-Statutory Stock Option or due to a
disqualifying disposition of an Incentive Stock Option would be a deductible
expense for tax purposes for the Company. In the case of Limited Rights, upon
exercise, the option holder would have to include the amount paid to him or her
upon exercise in his gross income for federal income tax purposes in the year in
which the payment is made and the Company would be entitled to a deduction for
federal income tax purposes of the amount paid.
Stock options will become vested and exercisable in the manner
specified by the Company. The options granted by the Bank in connection with the
adoption of the Option Plan will vest at a rate of 33.3% per year, beginning on
November 21,, 1997. It is anticipated that options granted by the Company in
connection with the Reorganization and the Public Offering will vest at a rate
of 33.3% per year beginning on the third anniversary of the date of the
Reorganization and Public Offering. Incentive Stock Options granted in
connection with the Option Plan could be exercisable for three months following
the date on which the employee ceases to perform services for the Bank or the
Company, except that in the event of death, disability, retirement or
termination of an employee's service following change in control of the Bank or
the Company, options accelerate and become fully vested and could be exercisable
for up to one year thereafter or such longer period as determined by the
Company. However, any Incentive Stock Options exercised more than three months
following the date the employee ceases to perform services as an employee would
be treated as a Non-Statutory Stock Option as described above. In the event of
retirement, if the optionee continues to perform services as a director on
behalf of the Bank, the Company or an affiliate, unvested options would continue
to vest in accordance with their original vesting schedule until the optionee
90
ceases to serve as a director. Non-Statutory Stock Options granted in connection
with the Option Plan could be exercisable for one year following the date on
which the employee ceases to perform services for the Bank or the Company,
except that in the case of death, disability, retirement or termination of the
optionee's service following a change in control, options accelerate and become
fully vested and could be exercisable for up to one year thereafter or such
longer period as determined by the Bank.
All Options granted by the Bank to outside directors under the Option
Plan would be Non-Statutory Stock Options and will vest and become exercisable
commencing one year after the date of adoption of the Option Plan at the rate of
33.3% per year, and would expire upon the earlier of ten years following the
date of grant or one year following the date the optionee ceases to be a
director or consulting director. The Committee has granted options to purchase
3,060 shares to each of the outside directors of the Bank at an exercise price
of $10.00. Options granted by the Company in connection with the Reorganization
and the Public Offering will vest at a rate of 20% per year beginning on the
first anniversary date of the Reorganization and the Public Offering. The
Compensation Committee of the Company has granted options to purchase _____
shares to each of the outside directors at an exercise price equal to the
Offering Price. In the event of the death or disability of a participant or
termination of a participant's service following a change in control of the
Company or the Bank, all previously granted options would immediately vest and
become fully exercisable.
A change in control is be defined in the Option Plan generally to occur
when a person or group of persons acting in concert acquires beneficial
ownership of 20% or more of any class of equity security of the Company or the
Bank or in the event of a tender or exchange offer, merger or other form of
business combination, sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the
Company or the Bank or contested election of directors which resulted in the
replacement of a majority of the Board of Directors by persons not nominated by
the directors in office prior to the contested election.
The following table lists all grants of options and stock appreciation rights
("SARs") under the Option Plan to the Named Executive Officers for fiscal 1996
and contains certain information about the potential value of those options
based upon certain assumptions as to the appreciation of the Company's stock
over the life of the option.
OPTIONS GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
Potential Realizable
Value at Assumed
Annual Rates of
Stock Price
Appreciation for
Individual Grants Options(1)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------
Number of
Securities % of Total
Underlying Option/SARs Exercise or
Options/ Granted to Base Price
SARs Granted Employees in Per Expiration
Name (#)(2)(3)(4)(5) Fiscal Year Share Date(6) 5% 10%
- ----------------- -------------- ------------- ----------- --------------- ------------ --------------
Daniel L. Perl... 192,960(7) 75% $3.33(7) 11/21/07 $404,811 $1,021,665
Joseph R.L. Passerino 12,468(7) 4.85 $3.33(7) 11/21/07 $ 26,157 $ 66,014
- --------------------------------------
(1) The amounts represent certain assumed rates of appreciation. Actual gains,
if any, on stock option exercises and Common Stock holdings are dependent on
the future performance of the Common Stock and overall stock market
conditions. There can be no assurance that the amounts reflected in this
table will be realized.
(2) Options granted pursuant to the Option Plan become exercisable in equal
installments at an annual rate of 33.3% beginning November 21, 1997, unless
otherwise accelerated.
(3) The purchase price may be paid in cash or in Common Stock.
(4) Under limited circumstances, such as death or disability of an employee, the
employee (or his beneficiary) may request that the Company, in exchange for
the employee's surrender of an option, pay to the employee (or beneficiary),
the amount by which the fair market value of the Common Stock exceeds the
exercise price of the option on the date of the employee's termination of
employment. It is within the Company's discretion to accept or reject such
a request.
(5) To the extent possible, options will be treated as incentive options.
(6) The option term is ten years.
(7) As adjusted to reflect the Reorganization.
92
The following table provides certain information with respect to the number
of shares of Common Stock represented by outstanding options held by the Named
Executive Officers as of December 31, 1996. Also reported are the values for
"in-the-money" options which represent the positive spread between the exercise
price of any such existing stock options and the year end price of the Common
Stock.
Fiscal Year-End Option/SAR Values
Value of
Number of Securities Unexercised
Underlying Unexercised In-the-Money
Options/SARs at Option/SARs at
Fiscal Year End(#) Fiscal Year End($)
------------------------------ ----------------------------
Name Exercisable/Unexercisable(1) Exercisable/Unexercisable(2)
- -------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------
Daniel L. Perl...... 0/192,960 0/0
Joseph R.L. Passarino 0/12,468 0/0
- ---------------------------
(1) The options in this table have an exercise price of $3.33, as adjusted to
reflect the Reorganization, and become exercisable at an annual rate of
33.3% beginning November 21, 1997. The options will expire ten (10) years
from the date of grant.
(2) Based on market value of the underlying stock at January 21, 1997, minus the
exercise price. The bid and ask prices for the Bank's common stock on
January 21, 1997 was $3.00 and $3.67 per share, respectively, as adjusted to
reflect the Reorganization. Therefore, using the average of the bid and ask
prices, there is no positive spread between the exercise price of the
options and the price of the common stock of the Bank.
Transactions With Certain Related Persons
The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989
("FIRREA") requires that all loans or extensions of credit to executive officers
and directors must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest
rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable
transactions with the general public and must not involve more than the normal
risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. In addition, loans
made to a director or executive officer in excess of the greater of $25,000 or
5% of the Bank's capital and surplus (up to a maximum of $500,000) must be
approved in advance by a majority of the disinterested members of the Board of
Directors.
The Bank's current policy provides that all loans made by the Bank to its
directors and officers are made in the ordinary course of business, are made on
substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those
prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons and do not
involve more than the normal risk of collectibility or present other unfavorable
features. During 1995, the law firm of Keller and Keller provided legal
representation to the Bank for which it was paid $8,200 for legal fees and
related services. Until his retirement in 1996, Mr. Edgar C. Keller, a director
of the Bank was a partner with Keller and Keller. In addition, the Bank
purchased four policies of insurance from Caldwell & Moreland Insurance Brokers,
Inc. for $49,000 which yielded commissions of $6,250. Richard C. Caldwell is a
director of the Bank and a partner of Caldwell & Moreland Insurance Brokers,
Inc.
Security Ownership of Management
At September 30, 1996, the Bank had 1,070,572 shares of common stock
outstanding. In connection with the Reorganization each share of common stock
will be exchanged for three shares of the Common Stock of the Company.
93
The following table sets forth, as of September 30, 1996, on a historical
and on a pro forma basis, giving effect to the Reorganization and the sale of
2,500,000 shares in the Public Offering, certain information as to those persons
who were known by management to be beneficial owners of more than 5% of the
Company's outstanding shares of Common Stock, each director, each Named
Executive Officer and the shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by all
directors and executive officers of the Company as a group.
Beneficial Ownership Beneficial Ownership
Before Offerings After Offerings
------------------------------ -----------------------------
Name and Address Position with the
of Beneficial Owner Bank Shares Percent Shares Percent
- ------------------------ ----------------------- ----------- -------------- ----------- -------------
Richard C. Caldwell Chairman of the 60,226 (1) 5.6% 180,678 3.2%
Board
Ronald G. Skipper Director 52,000 (2) 4.9 156,000 2.7
John D. Goddard Director 56,642 (3) 5.3 169,926 3.0
Milton E. Johnson Director 37,842 (4) 3.5 113,526 2.0
Daniel L. Perl Director, President 32,476 (5) 3.0 97,428 1.7
and Chief
Executive Officer
Edgar C. Keller Director 17,174 (6) 1.6 51,522 0.9
Milton L. Kelley Director 16,315 (7) 1.5 48,945 0.9
L. Bruce Mills, Jr. Executive Vice 366 (8) * 1,098 *
President, Secretary
and Treasurer
Louis E. Yeager Director 8,160 (9) 0.8 24,480 0.4
Joseph R.L. Passarino Senior Vice President 1,456 * 4,368 *
All Executive Officers 282,657 (10) 26.4 847,971 14.8
and Directors as a
Group (10 persons)
- --------------------------
(1) All shares are held through Mr. Caldwell's employee benefit plan.
(2) These shares are held in the Ronald Skipper Pension Sharing Plan.
(3) Of these shares, 25,376 are held by Mr. Goddard and his wife as joint
tenants and 31,266 are held in the John D. Goddard Corporation Profit
Sharing Plan and Trust.
(4) Of these shares, 4,668 are held by Mr. Johnson and his wife as joint
tenants, 27,882 are held in an IRA account for Mr. Johnson and his wife,
3,138 are held in custodial accounts for minors, 1,538 are held in joint
tenancy with other family members and 616 are owned of record by two other
family members.
(5) Of these shares, 7,502 are held in joint tenancy with Mr. Perl's wife and
17,472 are held in the Navieve Financial Corp Profit Sharing Trust.
(6) Of these shares 15,374 are held as tenants in common with another party.
(7) Of these shares 4,823 are held in joint tenancy with Mr. Kelley's wife.
(8) These shares are held in joint tenancy with Mr. Mills' wife.
(9) These shares are held in the Louis E. Yeager & Frances K. Yeager Recovable
Living Trust.
(10) Does not include 15,374 shares of Common Stock held by Mrs. Nora L.
Vineyard who is currently serving as a consultant to the Bank.
94
THE REORGANIZATION
The Boards of Directors of the Bank and the Company unanimously
approved and entered into an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization ("Plan of
Reorganization") pursuant to which the Bank will be reorganized into a holding
company structure and become the wholly owned subsidiary of the Company
("Reorganization") and each share of common stock of the Bank outstanding
immediately prior to the Reorganization would be converted into three shares of
Company Common Stock.
The Plan of Reorganization is subject to certain conditions, including
the approval of the Reorganization by the affirmative vote of the holders of a
majority of the outstanding shares of the Bank's common stock eligible to be
cast at the special meeting of stockholders scheduled to be held on March 12,
1997 and approval of the Reorganization by the OTS.
Until stockholder approval and all regulatory approvals have been
obtained, no sales of the Common Stock may be completed.
RESTRICTIONS ON ACQUISITION OF THE COMPANY
GENERAL
Certain provisions in the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and
Bylaws and in its management remuneration together with provisions of Delaware
corporate law, may have anti-takeover effects. In addition, regulatory
restrictions may make it difficult for persons or companies to acquire control
of the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, under certain circumstances, the
Company may be subject to section 2115 of the California Corporation Code (as a
foreign corporation) which may have the effect of superseding certain provisions
of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws as interpreted by
Delaware law, particularly those provisions providing for a staggered board of
directors and eliminating cumulative voting. However, management believes that
such provisions of the California Corporation Code will not apply to the Company
because its securities will be listed on the National Market System of the
Nasdaq Stock Market and it is anticipated that there will be at least 800
stockholders and, as such, the Company will be exempt from the provisions of
Section 2115.
RESTRICTIONS IN THE COMPANY'S CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS
A number of provisions of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation
and Bylaws deal with matters of corporate governance and certain rights of
stockholders. The following discussion is a general summary of the provisions of
the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws which might be deemed to
have a potential "anti-takeover" effect. These provisions may have the effect of
discouraging a future takeover attempt which is not approved by the Board of
Directors but which individual Company stockholders may deem to be in their best
interests or in which stockholders may receive a substantial premium for their
shares over then current market prices. As a result, stockholders who might
desire to participate in such a transaction may not have an opportunity to do
so. Such provisions will also render the removal of the current Board of
Directors or management of the Company more difficult. The following description
of certain of the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws of
the Company is necessarily general and reference should be made in each case to
such Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, which are incorporated herein by
reference. See "Additional Information" as to how to obtain a copy of these
documents.
Limitation on Voting Rights. The Certificate of Incorporation of the
Company provides that in no event shall any record owner of any outstanding
Common Stock which is beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by a person
who beneficially owns in excess of 10% of the then outstanding shares of Common
Stock (the "Limit") be entitled or permitted to any vote in respect of the
shares held in excess of the Limit. Beneficial ownership is determined pursuant
to Rule 13d-3 of the General Rules and Regulations promulgated pursuant to the
Exchange Act,
95
and includes shares beneficially owned by such person or any of his affiliates
(as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation), shares which such person or
his affiliates have the right to acquire upon the exercise of conversion rights
or options and shares as to which such person and his affiliates have or share
investment or voting power, but shall not include shares beneficially owned by
employee benefit plans or directors, officers and employees of the Bank or
Company or shares that are subject to a revocable proxy and that are not
otherwise beneficially owned, or deemed by the Company to be beneficially owned,
by such person and his affiliates. The Certificate of Incorporation also
contains provisions authorizing the Board of Directors to construe and apply the
Limit and to demand that any person reasonably believed to beneficially own
Common Stock in excess of the Limit (or hold of record Common Stock beneficially
owned in excess of the Limit) to provide the Company with certain information.
No assurance can be given that a court applying Delaware law would enforce such
provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation. The Certificate of Incorporation
of the Company further provides that this provision limiting voting rights may
only be amended upon the vote of 80% of the outstanding shares of voting stock
(after giving effect to the limitation on voting rights).
Board of Directors. The Board of Directors of the Company is divided
into three classes, each of which shall contain approximately one-third of the
whole number of members of the Board. Each class shall serve a staggered term,
with approximately one-third of the total number of directors being elected each
year. The Company's Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that the
size of the Board shall be determined by a majority of the directors. The
Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws provide that any vacancy occurring
in the Board, including a vacancy created by an increase in the number of
directors or resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification,
removal from office or other cause, may be filled for the remainder of the
unexpired term exclusively by a majority vote of the directors then in office.
The classified Board is intended to provide for continuity of the Board of
Directors and to make it more difficult and time consuming for a stockholder
group to fully use its voting power to gain control of the Board of Directors
without the consent of the incumbent Board of Directors of the Company. The
Certificate of Incorporation of the Company provides that a director may be
removed from the Board of Directors prior to the expiration of his term only for
cause, upon the vote of 80% of the outstanding shares of voting stock.
In the absence of these provisions, the vote of the holders of a
majority of the shares could remove the entire Board, with or without cause, and
replace it with persons of such holders' choice.
Cumulative Voting, Special Meetings and Action by Written Consent. The
Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting for any
purpose. Moreover, special meetings of stockholders of the Company may be called
only by the Board of Directors of the Company. The Certificate of Incorporation
also provides that any action required or permitted to be taken by the
stockholders of the Company may be taken only at an annual or special meeting
and prohibits stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting.
Authorized Shares. The Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the
issuance of 25,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of Preferred
Stock. The shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock were authorized in an
amount greater than that to be issued in the Reorganization and the Public
Offering to provide the Company's Board of Directors with as much flexibility as
possible to effect, among other transactions, financings, acquisitions, stock
dividends, stock splits and employee stock options. However, these additional
authorized shares may also be used by the Board of Directors consistent with its
fiduciary duty to deter future attempts to gain control of the Company. The
Board of Directors also has sole authority to determine the terms of any one or
more series of Preferred Stock, including voting rights, conversion rates, and
liquidation preferences. As a result of the ability to fix voting rights for a
series of Preferred Stock, the Board has the power, to the extent consistent
with its fiduciary duty, to issue a series of Preferred Stock to persons
friendly to management in order to attempt to block a post-tender offer merger
or other transaction by which a third party seeks control, and thereby assist
management to retain its position. The Company's Board of Directors currently
has no plans for the issuance of additional shares, other than the issuance of
additional shares and upon exercise of stock options to be issued pursuant to
the terms of the Incentive Plan.
96
Stockholder Vote Required to Approve Business Combinations with
Principal Stockholders. The Certificate of Incorporation requires the approval
of the holders of 80% of the Company's outstanding shares of voting stock to
approve certain "Business Combinations," as defined therein, and related
transactions. Under Delaware law, absent this provision, Business Combinations,
including mergers, consolidations and sales of all or substantially all of the
assets of a corporation must, subject to certain exceptions, be approved by the
vote of the holders of only a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock
of the Company and any other affected class of stock. Under the Certificate of
Incorporation, 80% approval of stockholders is required in connection with any
transaction involving an Interested Stockholder (as defined below) except (i) in
cases where the proposed transaction has been approved in advance by a majority
of those members of the Company's Board of Directors who are unaffiliated with
the Interested Stockholder and were directors prior to the time when the
Interested Stockholder became an Interested Stockholder or (ii) if the proposed
transaction meets certain conditions set forth therein which are designed to
afford the stockholders a fair price in consideration for their shares in which
case, if a stockholder vote is required, approval of only a majority of the
outstanding shares of voting stock would be sufficient. The term "Interested
Stockholder" is defined to include any individual, corporation, partnership or
other entity (other than the Company or its subsidiary) which owns beneficially
or controls, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the outstanding shares of
voting stock of the Company. This provision of the Certificate of Incorporation
applies to any "Business Combination," which is defined to include: (i) any
merger or consolidation of the Company or any of its subsidiaries with or into
any Interested Stockholder or Affiliate (as defined in the Certificate of
Incorporation) of an Interested Stockholder; (ii) any sale, lease, exchange,
mortgage, transfer, or other disposition to or with any Interested Stockholder
or Affiliate of 25% or more of the assets of the Company or combined assets of
the Company and its subsidiary; (iii) the issuance or transfer to any Interested
Stockholder or its Affiliate by the Company (or any subsidiary) of any
securities of the Company in exchange for any assets, cash or securities the
value of which equals or exceeds 25% of the fair market value of the Common
Stock of the Company; (iv) the adoption of any plan for the liquidation or
dissolution of the Company proposed by or on behalf of any Interested
Stockholder or Affiliate thereof; and (v) any reclassification of securities,
recapitalization, merger or consolidation of the Company which has the effect of
increasing the proportionate share of Common Stock or any class of equity or
convertible securities of the Company owned directly or indirectly by an
Interested Stockholder or Affiliate thereof.
Evaluation of Offers. The Certificate of Incorporation of the Company
further provides that the Board of Directors of the Company, when evaluating any
offer of another "Person" (as defined therein) to: (i) make a tender or exchange
offer for any equity security of the Company; (ii) merge or consolidate the
Company with another corporation or entity; or (iii) purchase or otherwise
acquire all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company,
may, in connection with the exercise of its judgment in determining what is in
the best interest of the Company, the Bank and the stockholders of the Company,
give due consideration to all relevant factors, including, without limitation,
the social and economic effects of acceptance of such offer on the Company's
customers and the Bank's present and future account holders, borrowers and
employees; on the communities in which the Company and the Bank operate or are
located; and on the ability of the Company to fulfill its corporate objectives
as a savings and loan holding company and on the ability of the Bank to fulfill
the objectives of a federally chartered stock savings association under
applicable statutes and regulations. No assurance can be given that a court
applying Delaware law would enforce the foregoing provision of the Certificate
of Incorporation. By having these standards in the Certificate of Incorporation
of the Company, the Board of Directors may be in a stronger position to oppose
such a transaction if the Board concludes that the transaction would not be in
the best interest of the Company, even if the price offered is significantly
greater than the then market price of any equity security of the Company.
Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws. Amendments to the
Company's Certificate of Incorporation must be approved by a majority vote of
its Board of Directors and also by a majority of the outstanding shares of its
voting stock; provided, however, that an affirmative vote of at least 80% of the
outstanding voting stock entitled to vote (after giving effect to the provision
limiting voting rights) is required to amend or repeal certain provisions of the
Certificate of Incorporation, including the provision limiting voting rights,
the provisions relating to approval of certain business combinations, calling
special meetings, the number and classification of directors, director and
officer indemnification by the Company and amendment of the Company's Bylaws and
97
Certificate of Incorporation. The Company's Bylaws may be amended by its Board
of Directors, or by a vote of 80% of the total votes eligible to be voted at a
duly constituted meeting of stockholders.
Certain Bylaw Provisions. The Bylaws of the Company also require a
stockholder who intends to nominate a candidate for election to the Board of
Directors, or to raise new business at a stockholder meeting to give at least 90
days advance notice to the Secretary of the Company. The notice provision
requires a stockholder who desires to raise new business to provide certain
information to the Company concerning the nature of the new business, the
stockholder and the stockholder's interest in the business matter. Similarly, a
stockholder wishing to nominate any person for election as a director must
provide the Company with certain information concerning the nominee and the
proposing stockholder.
ANTI-TAKEOVER EFFECTS OF THE COMPANY'S CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS
AND MANAGEMENT REMUNERATION
The provisions described above are intended to reduce the Company's
vulnerability to takeover attempts and certain other transactions which have not
been negotiated with and approved by members of its Board of Directors. The
provisions of the employment agreement with Mr. Perl and the Incentive Plan may
also discourage takeover attempts by increasing the costs to be incurred by the
Bank and the Company in the event of a takeover. See "The Board of Directors and
Management of the Bank - Employment Agreement" and "- Benefits - Incentive
Plan."
The Company's Board of Directors believes that the provisions of the
Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and management remuneration plans to be
established are in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders. An
unsolicited non-negotiated proposal can seriously disrupt the business and
management of a corporation and cause it great expense. Accordingly, the Board
of Directors believes it is in the best interests of the Company and its
stockholders to encourage potential acquirors to negotiate directly with
management and that these provisions will encourage such negotiations and
discourage non-negotiated takeover attempts. It is also the Board of Directors'
view that these provisions should not discourage persons from proposing a merger
or other transaction at a price that reflects the true value of the Company and
that otherwise is in the best interest of all stockholders.
DELAWARE CORPORATE LAW
The State of Delaware has a statute designed to provide Delaware
corporations with additional protection against hostile takeovers. The takeover
statute, which is codified in Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporate Law
("Section 203"), is intended to discourage certain takeover practices by
impeding the ability of a hostile acquiror to engage in certain transactions
with the target company.
In general, Section 203 provides that a "Person" (as defined therein)
who owns 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of a Delaware corporation
(an "Interested Stockholder") may not consummate a merger or other business
combination transaction with such corporation at any time during the three-year
period following the date such "Person" became an Interested Stockholder. The
term "business combination" is defined broadly to cover a wide range of
corporate transactions including mergers, sales of assets, issuances of stock,
transactions with subsidiaries and the receipt of disproportionate financial
benefits.
The statute exempts the following transactions from the requirements of
Section 203: (i) any business combination if, prior to the date a person became
an Interested Stockholder, the Board of Directors approved either the business
combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an
Interested Stockholder; (ii) any business combination involving a person who
acquired at least 85% of the outstanding voting stock in the transaction in
which he became an Interested Stockholder, with the number of shares outstanding
calculated without regard to those shares owned by the corporation's directors
who are also officers and by certain employee stock plans; (iii) any business
combination with an Interested Stockholder that is approved by the Board of
Directors and by a two-thirds vote of the outstanding voting stock not owned by
the Interested Stockholder; and (iv) certain
98
business combinations that are proposed after the corporation had received other
acquisition proposals and which are approved or not opposed by a majority of
certain continuing members of the Board of Directors. A corporation may exempt
itself from the requirements of the statute by adopting an amendment to its
Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws electing not to be governed by Section
203. At the present time, the Board of Directors does not intend to propose any
such amendment.
Any proposal to acquire 10% of any class of equity security of the
Company generally would be subject to approval by the OTS under the Change in
Bank Control Act. The OTS requires all persons seeking control of a savings
institution, and, therefore, indirectly its holding company, to obtain
regulatory approval prior to offering to obtain control. Federal law generally
provides that no "person," acting directly or indirectly or through or in
concert with one or more other persons, may acquire directly or indirectly
"control," as that term is defined in OTS regulations, of a federally-insured
savings institution without giving at least 60 days' written notice to the OTS
and providing the OTS an opportunity to disapprove the proposed acquisition.
Such acquisitions of control may be disapproved if it is determined, among other
things, that: (i) the acquisition would substantially lessen competition; (ii)
the financial condition of the acquiring person might jeopardize the financial
stability of the savings institution or prejudice the interests of its
depositors; or (iii) the competency, experience or integrity of the acquiring
person or the proposed management personnel indicates that it would not be in
the interest of the depositors or the public to permit the acquisition of
control by such person. Such change in control restrictions on the acquisition
of holding company stock are not limited to three years after conversion but
will apply for as long as the regulations are in effect. Persons holding
revocable or irrevocable proxies may be deemed to be beneficial owners of such
securities under OTS regulations and therefore prohibited from voting all or the
portion of such proxies in excess of the 10% aggregate beneficial ownership
limit. Such regulatory restrictions may prevent or inhibit proxy contests for
control of the Company or the Bank which have not received prior regulatory
approval.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK OF THE COMPANY
GENERAL
The Company is authorized to issue 25,000,000 shares of Common Stock
having a par value of $.01 per share and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock
having a par value of $.01 per share (the "Preferred Stock"). The Company
currently expects to issue 3,211,716 shares of Common Stock and no shares of
Preferred Stock in the Exchange Share Offering and 2,500,000 shares in the
Public Offering. Except as discussed above in "Restriction on Acquisition of the
Company and the Bank," each share of the Company's Common Stock will have the
same relative rights as, and will be identical in all respects with, each other
share of Common Stock. Upon payment of the Purchase Price for the Common Stock,
all such stock will be duly authorized, fully paid and non-assessable.
THE COMMON STOCK OF THE COMPANY WILL REPRESENT NON-WITHDRAWABLE
CAPITAL, WILL NOT BE AN ACCOUNT OF AN INSURABLE TYPE, AND WILL NOT BE INSURED BY
THE FDIC.
COMMON STOCK
Dividends. The Company can pay dividends out of statutory surplus or
from certain net profits if, as and when declared by its Board of Directors. The
payment of dividends by the Company is subject to limitations which are imposed
by law and applicable regulation. See "Dividend Policy" and "Regulation." The
holders of Common Stock of the Company will be entitled to receive and share
equally in such dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors of the
Company out of funds legally available therefor. If the Company issues Preferred
Stock, the holders thereof may have a priority over the holders of the Common
Stock with respect to dividends.
99
Voting Rights. The holders of Common Stock of the Company will possess
exclusive voting rights in the Company. They will elect the Company's Board of
Directors and act on such other matters as are required to be presented to them
under Delaware law or the Company's Certificate of Incorporation or as are
otherwise presented to them by the Board of Directors. Except as discussed in
"Restrictions on Acquisition of the Company and the Bank," each holder of Common
Stock will be entitled to one vote per share and will not have any right to
cumulate votes in the election of directors. If the Company issues Preferred
Stock, holders of the Preferred Stock may also possess voting rights. Certain
matters require an 80% shareholder vote. See "Restrictions on Acquisition of the
Company and the Bank."
As a federal savings bank, corporate powers and control of the Bank are
vested in its Board of Directors, who elect the officers of the Bank and who
fill any vacancies on the Board of Directors. Subsequent to the Reorganization,
voting rights will be vested exclusively in the owners of the shares of capital
stock of the Bank, which will be the Company, and voted at the direction of the
Company's Board of Directors. Consequently, the holders of the Common Stock will
not have direct control of the Bank.
Liquidation. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up
of the Bank, the Company, as holder of the Bank's capital stock, would be
entitled to receive, after payment or provision for payment of all debts and
liabilities of the Bank (including all deposit accounts and accrued interest
thereon) all assets of the Bank available for distribution. In the event of
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of its Common
Stock would be entitled to receive, after payment or provision for payment of
all its debts and liabilities, all of the assets of the Company available for
distribution. If Preferred Stock is issued, the holders thereof may have a
priority over the holders of the Common Stock in the event of liquidation or
dissolution.
Preemptive Rights. Holders of the Common Stock of the Company will not
be entitled to preemptive rights with respect to any shares which may be issued.
The Common Stock is not subject to redemption.
PREFERRED STOCK
None of the shares of the Company's authorized Preferred Stock will be
issued in the Reorganization and the Public Offering. Such stock may be issued
with such preferences and designations as the Board of Directors may from time
to time determine. The Board of Directors can, without stockholder approval,
issue preferred stock with voting, dividend, liquidation and conversion rights
which could dilute the voting strength of the holders of the Common Stock and
may assist management in impeding an unfriendly takeover or attempted change in
control.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK OF THE BANK
GENERAL
The Federal Stock Charter of the Bank authorizes the issuance of
capital stock consisting of 10,000,000 shares of common stock, stated value
$8.00 per share. Each share of Common Stock of the Bank will have the same
relative rights as, and will be identical in all respects with, each other share
of common stock. Currently, 1,070,572 shares of Common Stock are issued and
outstanding, held of record by approximately 411 stockholders.
COMMON STOCK
Dividends. The holders of the Bank's common stock will be entitled to
receive and to share equally in such dividends as may be declared by the Board
of Directors of the Bank out of funds legally available therefor. See "Dividend
Policy" for certain restrictions on the payment of dividends.
100
Voting Rights. Holders of the Bank's common stock will possess
exclusive voting rights in the Bank. Each holder of Common Stock will be
entitled to one vote for each share held of record on each matter submitted to a
vote, subject to the right of stockholders to cumulate their votes for the
election of directors.
Liquidation. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution, or winding
up of the Bank, the holders of common stock will be entitled to receive, after
payment of all debts and liabilities of the Bank (including all deposit accounts
and accrued interest thereon), all assets of the Bank available for distribution
in cash or in kind. Holders of Common Stock have no conversion, preemptive or
other subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund
provisions with respect to the Common Stock.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Los Angeles, California is the transfer agent
and registrar for the Common Stock.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
The Company's Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of
25,000,000 shares of Common Stock. Upon completion of the Offerings, there will
be outstanding 5,711,716 shares of Common Stock (assuming no exercise of the
Underwriters' over-allotment option).
All shares of Common Stock issued in the Offerings will be available
for resale in the public market without restriction or further registration
under the Securities Act, except for shares purchased by affiliates of the
Company (in general, any person who has a control relationship with the Company)
or shares exchanged by affiliates in the Reorganization, which shares will be
subject to the resale limitations of Rule 144. After the Offerings, shares of
Common Stock held by affiliates will be considered to be "control shares" and
571,171 shares of Common Stock (608,672 shares if the Underwriters' over-
allotment option is exercised in full) issuable upon the exercise of options
that the Company has granted or agreed to grant will be "restricted securities"
within the meaning of Rule 144, and are eligible for sale in the public market
in compliance with Rule 144. At the first meeting of stockholders of the
Company, the Company intends to file a registration statement on Form S-8 under
the Securities Act registering approximately 571,171 shares of Common Stock
(608,672 shares if the Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full)
issuable upon exercise of options granted or to be granted pursuant to the
Company's Option Plan. Upon effectiveness of the registration statement, shares
issued to nonaffiliates upon the exercise of the options generally will be
freely tradeable without restriction or further registration under the
Securities Act. All officers and directors of the Company have agreed, subject
to certain exceptions, that they will not offer, sell or otherwise dispose of
any shares of Common Stock owned by them for a period of 90 days after the date
of this Prospectus without the prior written consent of the Representatives of
the Underwriters. The Company has agreed, subject to certain exceptions, that it
will not offer, sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of Common Stock for a
period of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus without the prior written
consent of the Representative of the Underwriters.
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, a person (or persons
whose shares are aggregated), including a person who may be deemed to be an
"affiliate" of the Company as that term is defined under the Securities Act, is
entitled to sell, within any three-month period, a number of restricted shares
as to which at least two years have elapsed from the later of the acquisition of
such shares from the Company or an affiliate of the Company in an amount that
does not exceed the greater of (i) one percent of the then outstanding shares of
Common Stock (57,117 shares based upon 5,711,716 shares to be outstanding
immediately after the Offerings), or (ii) if the Common Stock is quoted on the
National Market System of the Nasdaq Stock Market or a stock exchange, the
average weekly trading volume of Common Stock during the four calendar weeks
preceding such sale. Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain
requirements as to the manner of sale, notice, and the availability of current
public information about the Company. However, a person who is not deemed to
have been an affiliate of the Company during the 90 days preceding a sale by
such person and who has beneficially owned shares as to which at least three
years has elapsed from the later of the acquisition of such shares from the
Company or an affiliate of the Company is entitled to sell them without regard
to the volume, manner of sale, or notice requirements of Rule 144.
101
UNDERWRITING
Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement (the
"Underwriting Agreement"), the underwriters named below (the "Underwriters"),
for whom FBR is acting as representative (the "Representative"), has severally
agreed to purchase from the Company the aggregate number of shares of Common
Stock set forth opposite its name below.
Underwriter Number of Shares
----------- ----------------
Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc............................
Total...................................................
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the obligations of the
Underwriters are subject to certain conditions precedent, and that the
Underwriters will purchase all of the Common Stock offered hereby if any such
Common Stock are purchased.
The Company has been advised by the Representative that the
Underwriters propose initially to offer the Common Stock to the public at the
initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of this Prospectus and
to certain dealers at such price less a concession not in excess of $____ per
share. The Underwriters may allow, and such dealer may re-allow, a discount not
in excess of $_____ per share to certain other dealers. The offering of the
Common Stock is made for delivery when, as and if accepted by the Underwriters
and is subject to prior sale and to the Underwriters' right to reject any order
in whole or in part and to withdraw, cancel, or modify the offer without notice.
After the initial public offering of the Common Stock, the offering price and
other selling terms may be changed by the Underwriters.
The Company has granted the Underwriters an option, exercisable not
later than 30 days after the date of this Prospectus, to purchase up to an
aggregate of 375,000 additional shares of Common Stock at the initial public
offering price, less the underwriting discount, set forth on the cover page of
this Prospectus. The Underwriters may exercise such option only to cover
over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the sale of shares of Common
Stock offered hereby. If purchased, the Underwriters will offer such additional
shares of Common Stock on the same terms as the 2,500,000 shares of Common Stock
are being offered. To the extent that the Underwriters exercise such option,
each of the Underwriters will be obligated, subject to certain conditions, to
purchase approximately the same percentage thereof that the number of shares of
Common Stock to be purchased by it shown in the above table bears to
____________ and the Company will be obligated, pursuant to the option, to sell
such shares of Common Stock to the Underwriters.
The Company has agreed to indemnify the Underwriters against certain
liabilities including liabilities under the federal securities laws, or to
contribute to payments the Underwriter may be required to make in respect
thereof.
Prior to the Public Offering, there has been no public market for the
Common Stock. Consequently, the initial public offering price of the Common
Stock was determined by negotiations between the Company and the Representative.
Among the factors considered in such negotiations were the history of, and
prospects for the Company and the industry in which it competes, an assessment
of management, the Company's past and present operations, its past and present
earnings and the trend of such earnings, the prospects for future earnings of
the
102
Company, the general condition of the securities markets at the time of the
Offerings and the market prices of publicly-traded common stocks of comparable
companies in recent periods.
The Underwriters do not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over
which they exercise discretionary authority.
EXPERTS
The financial statements of the Bank and its subsidiaries as of
December 31, 1995 and for the year ended December 31, 1995, included elsewhere
herein have been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, independent certified public
accountants, as stated in their report appearing elsewhere herein. The financial
statements of the Bank as of December 31, 1994 and 1993 and for each of the two
years then ended have been audited by Price Waterhouse LLP, independent
certified public accountants, as stated in their report appearing elsewhere
herein.
LEGAL MATTERS
The legality of the Common Stock will be passed upon for the Bank and
the Company by Muldoon, Murphy & Faucette, Washington, D.C., special counsel to
the Bank and the Company. Muldoon, Murphy & Faucette will rely as to certain
matters of Delaware law on the opinion of Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell.
Certain legal matters will be passed upon for FBR by Manatt, Phelps & Phillips,
LLP.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Company has filed with SEC a registration statement under the
Securities Act with respect to the Common Stock offered hereby. As permitted by
the rules and regulations of the SEC, this Prospectus does not contain all the
information set forth in the registration statement. Statements contained in
this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to
are not necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is made to the copy
of such contract or other documents filed as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement, each such statement is qualified in all respects by such reference.
Such information and all exhibits to the Registration Statement can be examined
without charge at the public reference facilities of the SEC located at 450
Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549; and at the Pacific Regional Office
of the Commission at 5670 Wilshire Blvd., 11th Floor, Los Angeles, California
90036-3648, and copies of such material can be obtained from the SEC at
prescribed rates. In addition, the SEC maintains a website (http://www.sec.gov)
that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information
regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC, including the
Company.
The company will register its Common Stock with the SEC under Section
12(g) of the Exchange Act, and, upon such registration, the Company and the
holders of its stock will become subject to the proxy solicitation rules,
reporting requirements and restrictions on stock purchases and sales by
directors, officers and greater than 10% stockholders, the annual and periodic
reporting and certain other requirements of the Exchange Act.
103
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Independent Auditors' Report for the year ended December 31, 1995................ F-2
Independent Auditors' Report for the years ended December 31, 1994 and 1993...... F-3
Condensed Statement of Financial Condition as of September 30, 1996 (unaudited).. F-4
Condensed Statements of Operations for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 and 1995 (unaudited)........................................ F-5 to F-6
Condensed Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the nine months ended
September 31, 1996 (unaudited)................................................. F-7
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 and 1995 (unaudited)........................................ F-8 to F-9
Notes to Condensed Financial Statements for the nine months ended
September 30, 1996 and 1995 (unaudited)........................................ F-10
Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 1995 and 1994............... F-11
Statements of Operations for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1995.............................................................. F-12 to F-13
Statements of Stockholders' Equity for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1995........................................................ F-14
Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1995.............................................................. F-15 to F-16
Notes to Financial Statements for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1995....................................................... F-17 to F-36
All schedules are omitted because they are not required or applicable, or
the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
The financial statements of Life Financial Corp. have been ommitted because
Life Finanical Corp. has not yet issued any stock, has no assets and no
liabilities, and has not conducted any business other than of an organizational
nature.
F-1
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
Board of Directors
Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank
We have audited the accompanying statement of financial condition of Life
Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank as of December 31, 1995, and the related
statements of operations, stockholders' equity and cash flows for the year then
ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Bank's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of
material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, the 1995 financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Life Savings Bank, Federal
Savings Bank as of December 31, 1995, and the results of its operations and its
cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles.
As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, in 1995 the Bank changed
its method of accounting for mortgage servicing rights to conform with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 122.
GRANT THORNTON LLP
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Irvine, California
February 8, 1996(except for Note 15, as to which the date is March 29, 1996)
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
---------------------------------
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank
In our opinion, the accompanying statement of financial condition and the
related statements of operations, of cash flows and of stockholders' equity
present fairly, in all material respects the financial position of Life Savings
Bank, Federal Savings Bank, at December 31, 1994, and the results of its
operations and its cash flows for the two years then ended, in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Bank's management; our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statements presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above. We have not
audited the financial statements of Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank for
any period subsequent to December 31, 1994.
/s/ PRICE WATERHOUSE LLP
PRICE WATERHOUSE LLP
Los Angeles, California
January 31, 1995
F-3
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in thousands)
September 30,
1996
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $15,392
Securities held to maturity, estimated fair value of $10 10
Loans held for sale 24,907
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for estimated
loan losses of $1,028 37,450
Accrued interest receivable 481
Foreclosed real estate, net 993
Premises and equipment, net 997
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 802
Income taxes receivable 117
Deferred income taxes 270
Mortgage servicing rights 2,046
Other assets 933
-------
TOTAL ASSETS $84,398
=======
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
LIABILITIES:
Deposit accounts $73,326
Accounts payable and other liabilities 3,136
-------
Total liabilities 76,462
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Common stock, $8 stated value; 10,000,000 shares authorized;
1,070,572 shares issued and outstanding 8,565
Additional paid-in capital 825
Deficit (1,454)
-------
Total stockholders' equity 7,936
-------
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $84,398
=======
See notes to financial statements.
F-4
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in thousands)
Nine months ended
September 30,
---------------------
1996 1995
(Unaudited)
INTEREST INCOME:
Loans $ 4,675 $ 3,869
Securities held to maturity 184 232
Other interest-earning assets 63 75
-------- --------
Total interest income 4,922 4,176
-------- --------
INTEREST EXPENSE:
Deposit accounts 2,507 2,366
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings 192 160
-------- --------
Total interest expense 2,699 2,526
-------- --------
NET INTEREST INCOME BEFORE PROVISION
FOR ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES 2,223 1,650
PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES 359 835
-------- --------
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR
ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES 1,864 815
-------- --------
NONINTEREST INCOME:
Loan servicing and other fees 321 95
Service charges on deposit accounts 93 76
Net gains from mortgage financing operations 3,759 2,548
Other income 91 85
-------- --------
Total noninterest income 4,264 2,804
-------- --------
See notes to financial statements.
F-5
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in thousands)
Nine months ended
September 30,
---------------------------
1996 1995
(Unaudited)
NONINTEREST EXPENSE:
Compensation and benefits $ 3,206 $ 1,838
Premises and occupancy 538 314
Data processing 281 140
Net loss on foreclosed real estate 171 137
FDIC insurance premiums 136 135
SAIF special assessment 448
Marketing 119 42
Telephone 159 100
Professional services 137 73
Other expense 623 403
-------- --------
Total noninterest expense 5,818 3,182
-------- --------
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX PROVISION 310 437
INCOME TAX PROVISION 142 232
-------- --------
NET INCOME $ 168 $ 205
======== ========
EARNINGS PER SHARE $0.24 $0.33
===== =====
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING 696,822 622,072
======== ========
See notes to financial statements.
F-6
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1996 (UNAUDITED)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in thousands)
Common stock Additional Retained Total
-------------------------- paid-in earnings stockholders'
Shares capital (deficit) equity
BALANCE, January 1, 1996 311,036 $ 2,488 $ 914 $ 866 $4,268
Stock split effected in the form of
a dividend 311,036 2,488 (2,488)
Net proceeds from issuance
of capital stock 448,500 3,589 (89) 3,500
Net income 168 168
--------- ------ ------ ------- ------
BALANCE, September 30, 1996 1,070,572 $8,565 $ 825 $(1,454) $7,936
========= ====== ====== ======= ======
See notes to financial statements.
F-7
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in thousands)
Nine months ended
September 30,
----------------------
1996 1995
(Unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income $ 168 $ 205
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
(used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 257 123
Provision for estimated loan losses 359 835
Accretion of deferred fees (8) (9)
Provision for estimated losses on
foreclosed real estate 167 120
Gain on sale of foreclosed real estate, net (21) (44)
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights (1,527) (985)
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights 177 230
Purchase and origination of loans held for sale (147,967) (96,616)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale 143,420 95,088
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable 26 (44)
Deferred income taxes (132) (39)
Decrease (increase) in income taxes receivable (117) 401
Increase in accounts payable and other liabilities 803 2,236
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividend (34) (21)
Increase in other assets (1,126) (785)
--------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by
operating activities (5,555) 695
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Principal repayments on loans 5,846 2,270
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed real estate 330 572
Purchase of securities held to maturity (2,002)
Proceeds from maturities of securities held
to maturity 1,975 2,000
Additions to premises and equipment, net (279) (89)
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock (147) (10)
--------- --------
Net cash provided by investing activities 7,725 2,741
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net increase in deposit accounts 5,792 1,490
Decrease in Federal Home Loan Bank advances (1,250)
Net proceeds from issuance of capital stock 3,500
--------- --------
Net cash provided by financing activities 9,292 240
--------- --------
See notes to financial statements.
F-8
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(in thousands)
Nine months ended
September 30,
---------------------
1996 1995
(Unaudited)
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS $ 11,462 $ 3,676
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period 3,932 1,547
-------- -------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period $ 15,394 $ 5,223
======== =======
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURES:
Interest paid $ 2,513 $ 2,341
======== =======
Income taxes paid (received) $ 289 $ (401)
======== =======
NONCASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES DURING THE PERIOD:
Transfers from loans receivable to foreclosed real estate $ 1,991 $ 2,442
======== =======
Loans to facilitate sales of foreclosed real estate $ 1,720 $ 1,842
======== =======
NONCASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES DURING THE PERIOD -
Stock dividends paid $ 2,488 $ -
======== =======
See notes to financial statements.
F-9
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1996 AND 1995 (Unaudited)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The financial statement information included herein is unaudited but, in the
opinion of management, reflects all adjustments necessary to a fair
statement of the results for the interim period presented. Such adjustments
are of a normal, recurring nature. The results of operations for the nine
months ended September 30, 1996 are not necessarily indicative of the
results to be expected for the full year.
2. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares
outstanding, adjusted retroactively to reflect the stock split effected in
the form of a dividend during 1996. All per share amounts included in the
accompanying financial statements have been restated to reflect such stock
split.
3. PRIVATE STOCK ISSUANCE
On August 9, 1996, the Bank completed a private stock issuance of 448,500
shares which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $3,500,000.
4. SAIF SPECIAL ASSESSMENT
On September 30, 1996, the President signed into law the Deposit Insurance
Funds Act of 1996 (the Funds Act) which, among other things, imposes a
special one-time assessment on Savings Association Insurance Fund (SAIF)
member institutions, including the Bank, to recapitalize the SAIF. As
required by the Funds Act, the FDIC imposed a special assessment of 65.7
basis points on SAIF assessable deposits held as of March 31, 1995, payable
November 27, 1996. The special assessment was recognized as an expense in
the third quarter of 1996 and is tax deductible. The Bank took a pretax
charge of approximately $448,000 as a result of the FDIC special assessment.
F-10
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1995 AND 1994
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in thousands)
1995 1994
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,932 $ 1,547
Securities held to maturity, estimated fair value of $1,985 (1995)
and $2,247 (1994) 1,985 2,257
Loans held for sale 21,688 17,097
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for estimated loan
losses of $1,177 (1995) and $832 (1994) 41,693 47,080
Accrued interest receivable 507 431
Foreclosed real estate, net 827 555
Premises and equipment, net 976 619
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 715 603
Income taxes receivable 479
Deferred income taxes 138 57
Mortgage servicing rights 683
Other assets 992 677
------- -------
TOTAL ASSETS $74,136 $71,402
======= =======
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
LIABILITIES:
Deposit accounts $67,535 $65,689
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank 1,250
Accounts payable and other liabilities 2,333 715
------- -------
Total liabilities 69,868 67,654
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Common stock, $8 stated value; 10,000,000 shares
authorized:
311,036 shares issued and outstanding 2,488 2,488
Additional paid-in capital 914 914
Retained earnings, partially restricted 866 346
------- -------
Total stockholders' equity 4,268 3,748
------- -------
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $74,136 $71,402
======= =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these statements. See notes to financial statements.
F-11
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in thousands)
1995 1994 1993
INTEREST INCOME:
Loans $ 5,434 $ 4,531 $ 5,187
Securities held to maturity 273 189 174
Other interest-earning assets 118 104 84
------- ------- -------
Total interest income 5,825 4,824 5,445
------- ------- -------
INTEREST EXPENSE:
Deposit accounts 3,192 2,534 2,793
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings 256 187 252
------- ------- -------
Total interest expense 3,448 2,721 3,045
------- ------- -------
NET INTEREST INCOME BEFORE PROVISION
FOR ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES 2,377 2,103 2,400
PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES 1,194 1,306 404
------- ------- -------
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR
ESTIMATED LOAN LOSSES 1,183 797 1,996
------- ------- -------
NONINTEREST INCOME:
Loan servicing and other fees 231 164 161
Service charges on deposit accounts 111 84 86
Net gains from mortgage financing operations 3,575 1,428 1,144
Other income 103 12 6
------- ------- -------
Total noninterest income 4,020 1,688 1,397
------- ------- -------
NONINTEREST EXPENSE:
Compensation and benefits 2,544 1,575 1,403
Premises and occupancy 471 418 384
Data processing 208 167 151
Net loss on foreclosed real estate 53 280 228
FDIC insurance premiums 184 186 189
Marketing 65 55 85
Telephone 143 128 67
Professional services 92 86 105
Other expense 629 561 581
------- ------- -------
Total noninterest expense 4,389 3,456 3,193
------- ------- -------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these statements. See notes to financial statements.
F-12
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in thousands)
1995 1994 1993
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX
PROVISION (BENEFIT) $ 814 $ (971) $ 200
INCOME TAX PROVISION (BENEFIT) 294 (300) 107
-------- -------- --------
NET INCOME (LOSS) $ 520 $ (671) $ 93
======== ======== ========
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE $0.84 $(1.08) $0.15
===== ====== =====
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING 622,072 622,072 607,921
======= ======= =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these statements. See notes to financial statements.
F-13
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in thousands)
Common stock Additional Total
------------------ paid-in Retained stockholders'
Shares Amount capital earnings equity
BALANCE, January 1, 1993 282,735 $2,262 $ 801 $1,263 $4,326
10% stock dividend 28,301 226 113 (339) -
Net income 93 93
------- ------ ----- ------ ------
BALANCE, December 31, 1993 311,036 2,488 914 1,017 4,419
Net loss (671) (671)
------- ------ ----- ------ ------
BALANCE, December 31, 1994 311,036 2,488 914 346 3,748
Net income 520 520
------- ------ ----- ------ ------
BALANCE, December 31, 1995 311,036 $2,488 $ 914 $ 866 $4,268
======= ====== ===== ====== ======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these statements. See notes to financial statements.
F-14
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995
(dollars in thousands)
1995 1994 1993
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss) $ 520 $ (671) $ 93
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by
(used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 166 179 179
Provision for estimated loan losses 1,194 1,306 404
Accretion of deferred fees (11) (20) (153)
Provision for (recovery of) estimated losses on foreclosed
real estate 104 187 126
Gain on sale of foreclosed real estate, net (137) (39) (3)
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights (1,557)
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights 268
Purchase and origination of loans held for sale (133,816)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale 129,225
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable (76) (1) 2
Deferred income taxes (81) 51 124
Decrease (increase) in income taxes receivable 479 (64) (415)
Increase in accounts payable and other liabilities 1,619 86 (119)
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividend (30) (20) (15)
Increase in other assets (315) (528) (32)
--------- ------- -------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (2,448) 466 191
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Net principal repayments (fundings) on loans 2,198 378 (3,329)
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed real estate 1,767 2,256 1,449
Purchase of securities held to maturity (8,969) (991) (3,005)
Proceeds from maturities of securities held to maturity 9,249 3,132 5,271
Proceeds from bulk sales of servicing rights 606
Additions to premises and equipment, net (533) (33) (136)
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock (81) (48) (27)
--------- ------- -------
Net cash provided by investing activities 4,237 4,694 223
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net increase (decrease) in deposit accounts 1,846 (6,320) 290
Increase (decrease) in Federal Home Loan Bank advances (1,250) 50 (800)
--------- ------- -------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 596 (6,270) (510)
--------- ------- -------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these statements. See notes to financial statements.
F-15
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(dollars in thousands)
1995 1994 1993
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS $ 2,385 $ (1,110) $ (96)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year 1,547 2,657 2,753
------- -------- -------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year $ 3,932 $ 1,547 $ 2,657
======= ======== =======
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURES:
Interest paid $ 3,478 $ 2,703 $ 3,050
======= ======== =======
Income taxes paid (received) $ 191 $ (290) $ 425
======= ======== =======
NONCASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES DURING THE YEAR:
Transfers from loans receivable to foreclosed real estate $ 2,006 $ 1,941 $ 1,827
======= ======== =======
Loans to facilitate sales of foreclosed real estate $ 1,997 $ 1,964 $ 1,570
======= ======== =======
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these statements. See notes to financial statements.
F-16
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business - Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank (the Bank)
is a federally chartered savings bank which commenced operations in 1983.
The Bank has one branch in San Bernardino County and its deposit accounts
are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
The Bank originates, purchases, sells and services nonconventional mortgage
loans principally secured by first and second mortgages on one- to four-
family residences. The Bank focuses on loans for the purchase or refinance
of residential real property by borrowers who, because of prior credit
problems or the absence of a credit history, are considered "subprime
borrowers" and on other nonconforming loans. In addition, the Bank
originates debt consolidation loans for repeat or frequent borrowers with
generally strong credit ratings and has accumulated a substantial portfolio
of such loans. The Bank purchases and originates mortgage loans and other
real estate secured loans through a network of approved correspondents and
mortgage brokers on a nationwide basis, as well as through the Bank's retail
lending division. Except for a limited number of loans specifically
originated for retention in the Bank's portfolio as loans held for
investment, since 1994, loans originated or purchased are generally
originated for sale in the secondary mortgage market or in asset
securitizations. The Bank generally retains the majority of the servicing
rights to the loans sold or securitized and may sell servicing rights at a
later date depending on market opportunities. The Bank funds substantially
all of the loans which it purchases or originates through deposits from
customers concentrated in the communities surrounding its home office in San
Bernardino county, internally generated funds and advances from the Federal
Home Loan Bank.
The Bank has recently begun to focus efforts on the origination of multi-
family and commercial real estate as well as consumer-oriented loans secured
by real estate, primarily home equity lines of credit and second trust
deeds. Specifically, the Bank has begun to target the market for borrowers
seeking loans which are secured by multi-family properties or properties
used for commercial business purposes such as small office buildings, light
industrial or retail facilities.
Securities Held to Maturity - Investments in debt securities that management
has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are reported at
cost, adjusted for premiums and discounts that are recognized in interest
income using the interest method over the period to maturity.
Loans - The Bank's real estate loan portfolio consists primarily of long-
term loans secured by first trust deeds on single-family residences. The
adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) is the Bank's primary loan investment.
The Bank originates and purchases mortgage loans for both portfolio
investment and sale in the secondary market. At origination or purchase,
mortgage loans are designated as held for sale or held for investment. Loans
held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated market value
F-17
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995(Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
determined on an aggregate basis by outstanding investor commitments or
current investor requirements and include related loan origination costs and
fees, as well as premiums or discounts for purchased loans. Net unrealized
losses, if any, are recognized in a valuation allowance by charges to
operations. Any transfers of loans held for sale to the investment portfolio
are recorded at the lower of cost or estimated market value on the transfer
date. At December 31, 1995 and 1994, all loans held for sale are single
family residential mortgage loans.
Loans held for investment are carried at amortized cost and net of deferred
loan origination fees and costs and allowance for estimated loan losses. Net
deferred loan origination fees and costs on loans are amortized or accreted
using the interest method over the expected lives of the loans. Amortization
of deferred loan fees is discontinued for nonperforming loans. Loans held
for investment are not adjusted to the lower of cost or estimated market
value because it is management's intention, and the Bank has the ability to,
hold these loans to maturity.
Interest on loans is credited to income as earned. Interest receivable is
accrued only if deemed collectible. Generally, allowances are established
for uncollected interest on loans on which payments are more than 90 days
past due.
On January 1, 1995, the Bank adopted Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards (SFAS) No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan,
as amended by SFAS No. 118, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a
Loan - Income Recognition and Disclosures. SFAS No. 114 generally requires
all creditors to account for impaired loans, except those loans that are
accounted for at fair value or at the lower of cost or fair value, at the
present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's
effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the loan's
observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is
collateral dependent. SFAS No. 114 indicates that a creditor should evaluate
the collectibility of both contractual interest and contractual principal
when assessing the need for a loss accrual. The adoption of these statements
did not have a material impact on the results of operations or the financial
position of the Bank, taken as a whole.
The Bank considers a loan impaired when it is probable that the Bank will be
unable to collect all contractual principal and interest payments under the
terms of the loan agreement. Loans are evaluated for impairment as part of
the Bank's normal internal asset review process. Loans which have delays in
payments of less than four months are not necessarily considered impaired
unless other factors apply to the loans. The accrual of interest income on
impaired loans is discontinued when, in management's opinion, the borrower
may be unable to meet payments as they become due. When the interest accrual
is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is
subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. Where
impairment is considered permanent, a charge-off is recorded; where
impairment is considered temporary, an allowance is established. Impaired
loans which are performing under the contractual terms are reported as
performing loans, and cash payments are allocated to principal and interest
in accordance with the terms of the loan.
F-18
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995(Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Allowances for Estimated Loan and Real Estate Losses - It is the policy of
the Bank to maintain allowances for estimated loan and real estate losses at
levels deemed appropriate by management to provide for known or inherent
risks in the portfolio. Specific loss allowances are established for loans
that are deemed impaired, if the fair value of the loan or the collateral is
estimated to be less than the gross carrying value of the loan. In
estimating losses, management considers the estimated sales price, cost of
refurbishment, payment of delinquent taxes, cost of holding the property (if
an extended period is anticipated) and cost of disposal. Additionally,
general valuation allowances for loan and real estate losses have been
established. Management's determination of the adequacy of the loan and real
estate loss allowances is based on an evaluation of the composition of the
portfolio, actual loss experience, current and prospective economic
conditions, industry trends and other relevant factors, such as the recent
adverse economic conditions experienced (including declining real estate
values) in the area in which the Bank's lending and real estate activities
are based, which may affect the borrower's ability to pay and the value of
the underlying collateral. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an
integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank's
allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize
additions to the allowance based on judgments different from those of
management.
Although management uses the best information available to make these
estimates, future adjustments to the allowances may be necessary due to
economic, operating, regulatory and other conditions that may be beyond the
Bank's control.
Mortgage Financing Operations - The Bank sells the majority of loans with
servicing retained. Under the servicing agreements the investor is paid its
share of the principal collections together with interest at an agreed-upon
rate, which generally differs from the loans' contractual interest rate.
Such differences result in a "loan servicing spread."
Gains or losses on sales of loans held for sale are recognized at the time
of sale and are determined by (1) the difference between the net sales
proceeds and the book value of the loans sold, (2) an adjustment, if
necessary, to increase or decrease the loan servicing spread in order to
provide for normal servicing, and (3) recognition of deferred loan fees.
Effective July 1, 1995, the Bank adopted SFAS No. 122 Accounting for
Mortgage Servicing Rights, which amended SFAS No. 65, Accounting for Certain
Mortgage Banking Activities. SFAS No. 122 requires an institution that
purchases or originates mortgage loans and sells or securitizes those loans
with servicing rights retained to allocate the total cost of the mortgage
loans to the mortgage servicing rights and the loans (without the mortgage
servicing rights) based on their relative fair values. The impact of
adopting SFAS No. 122 was an increase in pretax earnings of $594,000, net
income of $438,000 and earnings per share of $.70, for the year ended
December 31, 1995.
F-19
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, SFAS No. 122 requires that all capitalized mortgage servicing
rights (MSRs) be evaluated for impairment based on the fair value of those
rights. The Bank's periodic evaluation is performed on a disaggregated
basis whereby MSRs are stratified based upon type of interest rate
(variable or fixed), loan type and by original loan term. Impairment is
recognized in a valuation allowance for each pool in the period of
impairment. At December 31, 1995, the carrying value of MSRs approximated
fair values. The Bank determines fair value based on the present value of
estimated net future cash flows related to servicing income. In estimating
fair values at December 31, 1995, the Bank utilizes prepayment assumptions
ranging from 15% to 34% and discount rates ranging from 11% to 20%. The
cost allocated to servicing rights is amortized in proportion to and over
the period of estimated net future servicing fee income.
Gains on bulk sales of mortgage loan servicing rights are recognized when
title and all risks and rewards have irrevocably passed to the buyer and
there are no significant unresolved contingencies.
Foreclosed Real Estate - Real estate properties acquired through, or in
lieu of, loan foreclosure are initially recorded at the lower of fair value
or the balance of the loan at the date of foreclosure through a charge to
the allowance for estimated loan losses. After foreclosure, valuations are
periodically performed by management and an allowance for losses is
established by a charge to operations if the carrying value of a property
exceeds its fair value less estimated cost to sell. Revenue and expenses
from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net
gain (loss) on foreclosed real estate in the statement of operations.
Premises and Equipment - Premises and equipment are stated at cost less
accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization
are computed using both the straight-line and accelerated methods over the
estimated useful lives of the assets which range from 15 years for
leasehold improvements, 7 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment, and
3 years for computer equipment.
Income Taxes - The Bank accounts for income taxes under SFAS No. 109,
Accounting for Income Taxes. SFAS No. 109 requires the recognition of
deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax
consequences of events that have been recognized in the Bank's financial
statements or tax returns. In estimating future tax consequences, all
expected future events other than enactments of changes in the tax law or
rates are considered. If necessary, a valuation allowance is established
based on management's determination of the likelihood of realization of
deferred tax assets.
Derivative Financial Instruments - The Bank has entered into various
interest rate exchange agreements (swaps) to manage exposure to changes in
interest rates. Net interest income (expense) on the swaps resulting from
the differential between exchanging floating and fixed rate interest
payments is recorded using the accrual method. No interest rate exchange
agreements were outstanding as of December 31, 1995 (see Note 13).
F-20
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the ordinary course of business, the Bank has entered into other off-
balance-sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend
credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements
when they are funded or related fees are incurred or received.
Earnings Per Share - Earnings per share is based on the weighted average
number of shares outstanding adjusted retroactively to reflect stock
dividends paid (see Note 15).
Presentation of Cash Flows - For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and
cash equivalents include cash and federal funds sold. Generally, federal
funds are sold for one day periods. At December 31, 1995 and 1994, federal
funds sold approximated $1,600,000 and $250,000, respectively.
Use of Estimates - In preparing the Bank's financial statements, management
is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications - Certain reclassifications have been made to the 1994
and 1993 financial statements to conform to the 1995 presentation.
2. REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AND OTHER REGULATORY MATTERS
(UNAUDITED)
The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered
by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital
requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional
discretionary - actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a
direct material effect on the Bank's financial statements. Under capital
adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective
action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve
quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities and certain off-
balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.
Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative
judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other
factors. Management believes, as of December 31, 1995, that the Bank meets
all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.
F-21
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Qualitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy
require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the
table below) of total and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to
risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to
average assets (as defined).
As of December 31, 1995, the most recent notification from the Office of
Thrift Supervision (OTS) categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the
regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as
well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1
risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are
no conditions or events since that notification that management believes
have changed the Bank's category.
The Bank's actual capital amounts and ratios are also presented in the
table.
To be well
capitalized under
prompt corrective
Actual actual provisions:
------------------- --------------------
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
(dollars in thousands)
As of December 31, 1995:
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) $4,871 10.17% $4,789 10.0%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) 4,268 8.91% 2,874 6.0
Tier 1 capital (to average assets) 4,110 5.14% 3,998 5.0
In accordance with the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and
Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA), the OTS established regulations requiring
the Bank to maintain (i) tangible capital equal to 1.5% of adjusted total
assets, (ii) core capital equal to 3% of adjusted total assets, and (iii)
risk-based capital equal to 8% of risk-weighted assets.
F-22
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following table summarizes the OTS regulatory capital requirements
under FIRREA for the Bank at December 31, 1995. As indicated in the table,
the Bank's capital levels exceed all three of the currently applicable
minimum capital requirements.
Total
Tangible capital Core capital risk-based capital
-------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------
Amount % Amount % Amount %
(dollars in thousands)
Balance at end of year:
Equity per Bank financial
statements $4,268 $4,268 $4,268
Adjustments for regulatory
capital purposes - general
valuation allowance 603
------ ---- ------ ---- ------ -----
Regulatory capital 4,268 5.68% 4,268 5.68% 4,871 10.17%
Minimum capital requirement 1,126 1.50 2,252 3.00 3,832 8.00
------ ---- ------ ---- ------ -----
Excess regulatory capital $3,142 4.18% $2,016 2.68% $1,039 2.17%
====== ==== ====== ==== ====== =====
The OTS issued financial regulations which set forth the methodology for
calculating an interest rate risk component that is being incorporated into
the OTS regulatory capital rules. Under the new regulations, only savings
institutions with above normal interest rate risk exposure are required to
maintain additional capital. This additional capital would increase the
amount of a savings institution's otherwise required risk-based capital
requirement. The final rule became effective January 1, 1994 and
implementation will not begin until the Bank has been notified by the OTS.
Management believes that, under current regulations, the Bank will continue
to meet its minimum capital requirements in the foreseeable future.
However, events beyond the control of the Bank, such as changing interest
rates or a further downturn in the economy in areas where the Bank has most
of its loans, could adversely affect future earnings and, consequently, the
ability of the Bank to meet its future minimum capital requirements.
At periodic intervals, both the OTS and the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC) routinely examine the Bank's financial statements as
part of their legally prescribed oversight of the savings and loan
industry. Based on these examinations, the regulators can direct that the
Bank's financial statements be adjusted in accordance with their findings.
F-23
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The OTS concluded an examination of the Bank in June 1995. Examination
results have been reflected in the consolidated financial statements
presented herein. Future examinations by the OTS or FDIC could include a
review of certain transactions or other amounts reported in the 1995
financial statements. Adjustments, if any, cannot presently be determined.
3. SECURITIES HELD TO MATURITY
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities held to maturity
were as follows at December 31 (in thousands):
1995
----------------------------------------------
Gross unrealized
Amortized -------------------- Estimated
Cost Gains Losses fair value
U.S. Treasury and other agency
securities $ 1,974 $ - $ - $ 1,974
Mortgage-backed securities 11 11
------- -------- --------- -------
$ 1,985 $ - $ - $ 1,985
======= ======== ========= =======
1994
----------------------------------------------
Gross unrealized
Amortized -------------------- Estimated
Cost Gains Losses fair value
U.S. Treasury and other agency
securities $ 2,244 $ - $ (10) $ 2,234
Mortgage-backed securities 13 13
------- -------- --------- -------
$ 2,257 $ - $ (10) $ 2,247
======= ======== ========= =======
The maturity of securities held to maturity at December 31, 1995 is as follows
(in thousands):
Estimated
Amortized fair
cost value
Due in one year or less $ 1,974 $ 1,974
Mortgage-backed securities 11 11
------- -------
$ 1,985 $ 1,985
======= =======
F-24
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The weighted average interest rate on securities held to maturity was 5.41%
and 5.43% at December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively.
4. LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT
Loans held for investment consisted of the following at December 31 (in
thousands):
1995 1994
Mortgage loans:
Residential:
One- to four-family $32,517 $36,658
Multi-family 2,412 2,685
Commercial and land 7,615 8,131
Other loans:
Loans secured by deposit accounts 186 213
Unsecured commercial loans 70 197
Unsecured consumer loans 63 84
------ ------
42,863 47,968
1995 1994
Less:
Deferred loan origination (costs) fees $ (7) $ 56
Allowance for estimated loan losses 1,177 832
------- -------
$41,693 $47,080
======= =======
Weighted average interest rate at end of period 8.91% 7.29%
==== ====
The Bank grants residential and commercial loans to customers located
primarily in Southern California. Consequently, a borrower's ability to
repay may be impacted by economic factors in the region.
At December 31, 1995, included in loans held for investment and loans held
for sale are adjustable rate loans with principal balances of $45,299,000.
Adjustable rate loans are indexed primarily to COFI.
F-25
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following summarizes activity in the allowance for estimated loan
losses for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
1995 1994 1993
Balance, beginning of year $ 832 $ 436 $ 308
Provision for estimated losses 1,194 1,306 404
Recoveries 65 3 25
Charge offs (914) (913) (301)
------ ------ -----
Balance, end of year $1,177 $ 832 $ 436
====== ====== =====
The Bank had nonaccrual loans at December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993 of
$1,305,000, $1,889,000 and $2,138,000, respectively. If nonaccrual loans
had been performing in accordance with their original terms, the Bank would
have recorded interest income of $5,500,000, $4,637,000 and $5,304,000,
respectively, instead of interest income actually recognized of $5,434,000,
$4,531,000 and $5,187,000, respectively, for the years ended December 31,
1995, 1994 and 1993.
At December 31, 1995, the Bank had impaired loans totaling $1,397,000. The
average recorded investment during 1995 in impaired loans was $1,980,000.
The total allowance for loan losses related to these loans was $382,000 at
December 31, 1995. Total cash collected on impaired loans during 1995 was
$1,079,000 of which $960,000 was credited to principal. Interest income of
$119,000 on impaired loans was recognized for cash payments received in
1995.
At December 31, 1995, troubled debt restructured loans amounted to
$131,000. There were no troubled debt restructured loans at December 31,
1994.
The Bank is not committed to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans
have been modified.
The Bank is subject to numerous lending-related regulations. Under FIRREA,
the Bank may not make real estate loans to one borrower in excess of 15% of
its unimpaired capital and surplus, plus an additional 10% of loans secured
by readily marketable collateral. This 15% limitation results in a dollar
limitation of approximately $510,000 at December 31, 1995.
5. MORTGAGE FINANCING OPERATIONS
Loans serviced for others at December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993 totaled
$189,451,000, $48,204,000 and $64,153,000, respectively.
F-26
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Certain investor custodial accounts maintained in connection with loans
serviced for others are included in deposit accounts of the Bank (subject
to FDIC insurance limits) and approximated $934,000 and $150,000 at
December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively. At December 31, 1995, the largest
concentration of loans in the servicing portfolio was collateralized by
real estate properties located in California.
In the ordinary course of business, the Bank has liability under
representations and warranties made to purchasers and insurers of mortgage
loans. Under certain circumstances, the Bank may become liable for the
unpaid principal and interest on the defaulted loans or other loans if
there has been a breach of representations or warranties.
The following is a summary of activity in mortgage servicing rights for the
years ended December 31 (in thousands):
1995 1994 1993
Balance, beginning of year $ - $ - $ -
Additions through originations 864
Additions through purchase of servicing 706 128
Amortization (268) (20)
Sales (606) (108)
Valuation allowance (13)
----- ----- -----
Balance, end of year $ 683 $ - $ -
===== ===== =====
Net gains from mortgage financing operations for the years ended December
31 consisted of the following (in thousands):
1995 1994 1993
Gains on sale of loans $3,549 $1,014 $ 761
Gains on bulk sale of loan servicing rights 26 414 383
------ ------ ------
$3,575 $1,428 $1,144
====== ====== ======
F-27
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
Premises and equipment consisted of the following at December 31 (in
thousands):
1995 1994
Leasehold improvements $ 614 $ 436
Furniture, fixtures and equipment 1,430 1,111
------- -------
2,044 1,547
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (1,068) (928)
------- -------
$ 976 $ 619
======= =======
The adoption of SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived
Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of, did not have a material
impact on the results of operations or financial position of the Bank.
7. FORECLOSED REAL ESTATE
Activity in the allowance for estimated real estate losses is as follows
for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
1995 1994 1993
Balance, beginning of year $ 29 $ 94 $ 24
Provision for estimated real estate losses 104 187 126
Charge offs (89) (252) (56)
----- ----- -----
Balance, end of year $ 44 $ 29 $ 94
===== ===== =====
Net loss on foreclosed real estate is summarized as follows for the years
ended December 31 (in thousands):
1995 1994 1993
Net gain on sales of foreclosed real estate $(137) $ (39) $ (3)
Other expenses, net 86 132 105
Provision for estimated real estate losses 104 187 126
----- ----- -----
Net loss on foreclosed real estate $ 53 $ 280 $228
===== ===== =====
F-28
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS
Deposit accounts at December 31 are as follows (in thousands):
1995 1994
------------------------ ------------------------
Weighted Weighted
average average
interest rate Amount interest rate Amount
Checking accounts 1.37% $ 6,735 1.39% $ 6,714
Passbook accounts 2.10 4,842 2.10 5,817
Money market accounts 2.76 4,156 2.60 5,113
Certificate accounts:
Under $100,000 5.70 39,989 4.98 37,722
$100,000 and over 5.80 11,813 4.83 10,323
------- -------
4.84% $67,535 4.15% $65,689
======= =======
The aggregate annual maturities of certificate accounts at December 31,
1995 are approximately as follows (in thousands):
1996 $ 40,935
1997 5,923
1998 1,882
1999 1,610
2000 967
Thereafter 485
--------
$ 51,802
========
Interest expense for the years ended December 31 is summarized as follows
(in thousands):
1995 1994 1993
Checking accounts $ 92 $ 95 100
Passbook accounts 127 157 192
Money market accounts 144 163 169
Certificate accounts 2,829 2,119 2,332
------ ------ ------
$3,192 $2,534 $2,793
====== ====== ======
F-29
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. ADVANCES FROM FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK
As of December 31, 1995 the Bank had an available line of credit with the
Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (FHLB) of $17,346,000 which is
contingent upon continued compliance with the Advances and Security
Agreement and other eligibility requirements established by the FHLB.
Advances and/or the line of credit are collateralized by pledges of certain
real estate loans with an aggregate principal balance of $24,426,000 and
$11,835,000 at December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively. At December 31,
1994, the weighted average interest rate on advances from the FHLB was
7.38%.
The following summarizes activities in advances from the FHLB for the years
ended December 31 (dollars in thousands):
1995 1994 1993
Average balance outstanding $3,112 $1,863 $1,011
Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end
during the period 7,600 7,000 4,000
Weighted average interest rate during the period 6.55% 4.87% 3.62%
10. INCOME TAXES
Income taxes for the years ended December 31 consisted of the following (in
thousands):
1995 1994 1993
Current provision (benefit):
Federal $ 375 $(352) $ (50)
State 1 1 34
----- ----- -----
376 (351) (16)
----- ----- -----
Deferred (benefit) provision:
Federal $ (82) $ 10 $ 111
State 41 12
----- ----- -----
(82) 51 123
----- ----- -----
Total income tax provision (benefit) $ 294 $(300) $ 107
===== ===== =====
F-30
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A reconciliation from the statutory federal income tax rate to the Bank's
effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
1995 1994 1993
Statutory federal income tax rate 34.0% (34.0)% 34.0%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 3.1 15.1
Other 2.2 .0 4.3
---- ---- ----
36.2% (30.9)% 53.4%
==== ==== ====
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) were comprised of the following at
December 31 (in thousands):
1995 1994
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for loan losses $ 258 $ 201
NOL carryforward 48
Capital loss carryforward 63 67
Loans held for sale 201
Other 23 20
----- -----
545 336
----- -----
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation (82) (71)
Purchased servicing rights (14)
Originated servicing rights (179)
Federal Home Loan Bank dividends (85) (72)
----- -----
(360) (143)
----- -----
185 193
Less valuation allowance 47 136
----- -----
Net deferred tax asset $ 138 $ 57
===== =====
F-31
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At December 31, 1995, the Bank has $555,000 of net capital loss
carryforwards available to offset future capital gains for state tax
purposes. If not utilized, the losses would expire in 1998.
Thrift institutions that meet certain tests prescribed by the Internal
Revenue Code are allowed a bad debt deduction for federal income tax
purposes of either eight percent of taxable income, or an amount determined
from the thrift's loss experience. For 1995, the Bank used its loss
experience to determine federal taxes payable. A deferred tax liability of
$112,000 has not been recognized at December 31, 1995 for $330,000 of
temporary differences relating to the tax bad debt reserves of the Bank
that arose prior to 1988.
11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Bank is involved in various legal proceedings associated with normal
operations. In the opinion of management, based on the advice of legal
counsel, such litigation and claims are expected to be resolved without
material effect on the financial position of the Bank.
The Bank leases a portion of its facilities from nonaffiliates under
operating leases expiring at various dates through 2001. The following
schedule shows the minimum annual lease payments, excluding property taxes
and other operating expenses, due under these agreements (in thousands):
1996 $142
1997 142
1998 139
1999 109
2000 109
Thereafter 109
----
$750
====
Rental expense under all operating leases totaled $124,000, $118,000 and
$121,000 in 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
The Bank has been actively involved in the origination, purchase and sale
of real estate secured loans to various institutional investors. Generally,
the profitability of mortgage financing operations depends on maintaining a
sufficient volume of loans and the availability of institutional investors
to purchase the loans. Changes in the level of interest rates and economic
factors affect the amount of loans originated or purchased by the Bank, and
thus the amount of the gain on sale of the loans and the servicing fee
income as well. Changes in the purchasing policies of institutional
investors or increases in defaults after funding could substantially reduce
the amount of loans sold to such investors. Any reduction in the amount of
gains from mortgage financing operations or loan servicing and other fees
F-32
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
will negatively impact the Bank's cash flow and could have a material
adverse effect on the Bank's results of operations and financial condition.
The Bank does not currently utilize any specific hedging instruments to
minimize exposure to fluctuations in the market price of loans and interest
rates with regard to loans held for sale in the secondary mortgage market.
Therefore, between the time the Bank originates the loans or purchase
commitments are issued, the Bank is exposed to downward movements in the
market price of such loans due to upward movements in interest rates.
The Bank depends largely on correspondents and brokers for its purchases
and originations of new loans. The Bank's competitors also seek to
establish relationships with the Bank's correspondents and brokers. The
Bank's future results may become more exposed to fluctuations in the volume
and cost of its wholesale loans resulting from competition from other
purchasers of such loans, market conditions and other factors.
The Bank funds substantially all of the loans which it originates or
purchases through deposits, internally-generated funds or FHLB advances.
The Bank competes for deposits primarily on the basis of rates, and as a
consequence the Bank could experience difficulties in attracting deposits
to fund its operations if the Bank does not continue to offer deposit rates
at levels that are competitive with other financial institutions. The Bank
also uses the proceeds generated by the Bank in selling loans to fund
subsequent originations or purchases. The Bank is currently exploring
opportunities to access credit lines as an additional source of funds. To
the extent that the Bank is not able to maintain its currently available
funding sources or to access new funding sources, it would have to curtail
its loan production activities or sell loans earlier than is optimal,
thereby having a material adverse effect on the Bank's results of
operations and financial condition.
12. EMPLOYEE SAVINGS PLAN
The Bank maintains an Employee Savings Plan (the Plan) which qualifies
under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the Plan,
employees may contribute up to 15% of their compensation. The Bank will
match, at its discretion, the amount contributed by the employee up to a
maximum of 2% of the employee's salary. The amount of contributions made to
the Plan by the Bank were not material for the years ended December 31,
1995, 1994 and 1993.
13. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK
The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in
the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers.
These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, in the
form of originating loans or providing funds and under existing lines of
credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit
and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the
accompanying statement of financial condition.
F-33
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
During 1988 the Bank entered into agreements to pay fixed-rate interest
payments in exchange for the receipt of variable market-indexed interest
payments (interest rate swaps). The notional principal amount of interest
rate swaps outstanding at December 31, 1994 was $2,000,000, all of which
matured in 1995. The weighted average fixed payment rate on such swap was
9.23%. At December 31, 1994, the weighted average variable market-indexed
interest rate was 5.75% which is based on LIBOR. The intent of these
agreements was to match the maturities of certain liabilities and convert
variable rate liabilities into fixed rate. The notional amount of interest
rate swaps does not represent exposure to credit loss.
The Bank's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the
other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is
represented by the contractual or notional amount of those instruments. The
Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional
obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long
as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract.
Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates and may require payments
of a fee. Since many commitments are expected to expire, the total
commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
The Bank evaluates each customer's credit worthiness on a case-by-case
basis. The Bank's commitments to extend credit at December 31, 1995 and
1994 totaled $9,933,000 and $1,657,000, respectively.
The Bank regularly enters into commitments to sell certain dollar amounts
of loans to third parties under specific, negotiated terms. The terms
include the minimum maturity of the loans, yield to purchaser, and
servicing spread to the Bank, and the maximum principal amount of the
individual loans. The Bank typically satisfies these commitments from its
current production of loans. These commitments have fixed expiration dates
and may require a fee. At December 31, 1995 the Bank had outstanding
commitments to sell loans of $250,000.
14. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following disclosures of the estimated fair value of financial
instruments is made in accordance with the requirements of SFAS No. 107,
Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The estimated fair
value amounts have been determined by the Bank using available market
information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable
judgment is necessarily required to interpret market data to develop the
estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented
F-34
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Bank could realize
in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions
and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated
fair value amounts.
1995
----------------------
Carrying Estimated
amount fair value
(in thousands)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,932 $ 3,932
Securities held to maturity 1,985 1,985
Loans held for investment 42,863 43,072
Loans held for sale 21,688 22,125
Mortgage servicing rights 683 784
Accrued interest receivable 507 507
Liabilities:
Deposits 67,535 67,688
Accrued interest payable 50 50
The Bank utilized the following methods and assumptions to estimate the
fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is
practicable to estimate that value:
Cash and Cash Equivalents - The carrying amount approximates fair
value.
Securities Held to Maturity - Fair values are based on quoted market
prices.
Loans Held for Investment - The fair value of gross loans receivable
has been estimated using the present value of cash flow method,
discounted using the current rate at which similar loans would be made
to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same maturities
and giving consideration to estimated prepayment risk and credit loss
factors.
Loans Held for Sale - Fair values are based upon quoted market prices
or dealer quotes.
Accrued Interest Receivable - The carrying amount approximates fair
value.
Mortgage Servicing Rights - Fair values are estimated using discounted
cash flows based on a current market interest rate.
F-35
LIFE SAVINGS BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS IN THE
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 (Continued)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deposits - The fair value of passbook accounts is the amount payable on
demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity
investment certificates is estimated using the rates currently offered
for deposits of similar remaining maturities.
Accrued Interest Payable - The carrying amount approximates fair value.
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk - No fair value is
ascribed to the Bank's outstanding commitments to fund loans since
commitment fees are not significant and predominantly all such
commitments are variable rate loan commitments.
15. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On March 29, 1996, the Bank effected a two-for-one stock split in the form
of a dividend which increased the total number of shares outstanding at
such date from 311,036 to 622,072.
F-36
================================================================================
No dealer, salesman or any other person has been authorized to give any
information or to make any representation other than as contained in this
Prospectus in connection with the offering made hereby, and, if given or made,
such other information or representation must not be relied upon as having been
authorized by Life Financial Corp., the Bank or Friedman, Billings, Ramsey &
Co., Inc. This Prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation
of an offer to buy any of the securities offered hereby to any person in any
jurisdiction in which such offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which
the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so, or to
any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such
jurisdiction. Neither the delivery of this Prospectus nor any sale hereunder
shall under any circumstances create any implication that there has been no
change in the affairs of Life Financial Corp. or the Bank since any of the dates
as of which information is furnished herein or since the date hereof.
------------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
Summary..........................................................
The Offering.....................................................
Selected Financial and Other Data of the Bank....................
Recent Developments..............................................
Risk Factors.....................................................
Use of Proceeds..................................................
Dividend Policy..................................................
Market for the Common Stock of the Company.......................
Market for the Common Stock of the Bank..........................
Dilution.........................................................
Capitalization...................................................
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations............................................
Life Financial Corp..............................................
Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank..........................
Business of the Company..........................................
Federal and State Taxation.......................................
Regulation.......................................................
The Board of Directors and Management of the Company.............
The Board of Directors and Management of the Bank................
The Reorganization...............................................
Restrictions on Acquisition of the Company.......................
Description of Capital Stock of the Company......................
Description of Capital Stock of the Bank.........................
Transfer Agent and Registrar.....................................
Underwriting.....................................................
Experts..........................................................
Legal Matters....................................................
Additional Information...........................................
Financial Statements.............................................
------------------------------
Until __________, 1997 or 25 days after commencement of the Offering, if
any, whichever is later, all dealers effecting transactions in the registered
securities, whether or not participating in this distribution, may be required
to deliver a Prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to
deliver a Prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their
unsold allotments or subscriptions.
================================================================================
================================================================================
5,711,716 Shares
[LOGO APPEARS HERE]
LIFE FINANCIAL CORP.
(Proposed Holding Company for
Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank)
COMMON STOCK
----------
PROSPECTUS
----------
FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS,
RAMSEY & CO., INC.
_______________ ___, 1997
================================================================================
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.(1)
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses,
other than the underwriting discounts and commissions,
payable by the Company in connection with the shares
of Common Stock being registered.
SEC registration fee(1).................... $ 16,601
NASD filing fee(1)......................... 5,978
OTS Filing fee(1).......................... 2,000
Nasdaq Listing Fee(1)...................... 32,700
Blue Sky qualification fees and expenses... 15,000
Legal fees and expenses.................... 220,000
Accounting fees and expenses............... 100,000
Marketing fees, selling commissions, and
underwriter's expenses (including counsel
fees)...................................... 35,000
Transfer agent fees and expenses........... 10,000
Printing, postage and mailing.............. 95,000
Certificate printing....................... 5,000
Telephone, temporary help and other
equipment.................................. 10,000
Miscellaneous.............................. 2,721
TOTAL...................................... $ 550,000
(1) Actual expenses. SEC registration and NASD filing fees are based upon the
registration of 6,086,716 shares at $9.00 per share. All other expenses are
estimated.
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
In accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (being
Chapter 1 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code), Articles 10 and 11 of the
Registrant's Certificate of Incorporation provide as follows:
TENTH:
A. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party
to or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a "proceeding"), by
reason of the fact that he or she is or was a Director or an Officer of the
Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a
Director, Officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an
employee benefit plan (hereinafter an "indemnitee"), whether the basis of such
proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a Director, Officer,
employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a Director, Officer,
employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to
the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the
same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment,
only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide
broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Corporation to
provide prior to such amendment), against all expense, liability and loss
(including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties
and amounts paid in
II-1
settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection
therewith; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section C hereof with
respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation
shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part
thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof)
was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
B. The right to indemnification conferred in Section A of this Article TENTH
shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in
defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter
an "advancement of expenses"); provided, however, that, if the Delaware General
Corporation Law requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee
in his or her capacity as a Director or Officer (and not in any other capacity
in which service was or is rendered by such indemnitee, including, without
limitation, services to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon
delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking (hereinafter an "undertaking"), by
or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall
ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no
further right to appeal (hereinafter a "final adjudication") that such
indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this
Section or otherwise. The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of
expenses conferred in Sections A and B of this Article TENTH shall be contract
rights and such rights shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a
Director, Officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the
indemnitee's heirs, executors and administrators.
C. If a claim under Section A or B of this Article TENTH is not paid in full by
the Corporation within sixty days after a written claim has been received by the
Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in
which case the applicable period shall be twenty days, the indemnitee may at any
time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount
of the claim. If successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit
brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the
terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the
expenses of prosecuting or defending such suit. In (i) any suit brought by the
indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit
brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it
shall be a defense that, and (ii) in any suit by the Corporation to recover an
advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking the Corporation
shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that, the
indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in
the Delaware General Corporation Law. Neither the failure of the Corporation
(including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its
stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such
suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances
because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in
the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the
Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its
stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of
conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met the
applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the
indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to
enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder,
or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the
terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the indemnitee is not
entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this
Article TENTH or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.
D. The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred
in this Article TENTH shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person
may have or hereafter acquire under any
II-2
statute, the Corporation's Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, agreement, vote
of stockholders or Disinterested Directors or otherwise.
E. The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself
and any Director, Officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or subsidiary or
Affiliate or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the
Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense,
liability or loss under the Delaware General Corporation Law.
F. The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board
of Directors, grant rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses
to any employee or agent of the Corporation to the fullest extent of the
provisions of this Article TENTH with respect to the indemnification and
advancement of expenses of Directors and Officers of the Corporation.
ELEVENTH:
- --------
A Director of this Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation
or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a
Director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the Director's duty of
loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not
in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of
law, (iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv)
for any transaction from which the Director derived an improper personal
benefit. If the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended to authorize
corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of
Directors, then the liability of a Director of the Corporation shall be
eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General
Corporation Law, as so amended.
Any repeal or modification of the foregoing paragraph by the stockholders of the
Corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a Director of
the Corporation existing at the time of such repeal or modification.
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank sold in a private placement completed on
August 13, 1996 448,500 shares of common stock, $8.00 stated value (the "Private
Placement"). Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co., Inc. was the placement agent for
the Private Placement. The aggregate offering price was $4,036,000, with
aggregate placement fees of $282,520. The securities were offered and sold
without registration pursuant to exemptions from the registration requirements
set forth in Sections 3(a)(5) and/or 4(2) of the Securities Act, and Rule 506 of
Regulation D of the Rules and Regulations promulgated thereunder. In addition,
the Private Placement was exempt as a non-public offering from the offering
circular delivery requirements set forth in Part 563g of the Rules and
Regulations of the OTS based on incorporation in such OTS Rules and Regulations
of the private offering exemption in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. The
issuer, Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank, is a federally-chartered
savings bank. Further, the securities were sold to 21 accredited investors. No
securities were sold to non-accredited investors.
II-3
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
The exhibits and financial statement schedules filed as a part of this
Registration Statement are as follows:
(a) List of Exhibits (filed herewith unless otherwise noted)
1.1 Engagement letter between Life Financial Corp. and Friedman, Billings,
Ramsey & Co., Inc.
1.2 Form of Underwriting Agreement*
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Life Financial Corp.
3.2 Bylaws of Life Financial Corp.
4.0 Specimen Stock Certificate of Life Financial Corp.
5.0 Draft Opinion of Muldoon, Murphy & Faucette regarding legality of the
securities to be registered
5.1 Draft Opinion of Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell regarding certain
matters of Delaware law
8.0 Draft Opinion of Muldoon, Murphy & Faucette regarding Federal Tax
Matters
8.1 Draft Opinion of Deloitte & Touche regarding State Tax Matters*
10.1 Letter Agreement between Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank and
Daniel L. Perl
10.2 Draft Form of Employment Agreement between Life Financial Corp. and
Daniel L. Perl
10.3 Draft Form of Employment Agreement between Life Savings Bank, Federal
Savings Bank and Daniel L. Perl
10.4 Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank 1996 Stock Option Plan
10.5 Draft Life Financial Corp. 1997 Stock Option Plan
10.6 Form of Life Financial Corp. Employee Stock Ownership Plan*
10.7 Form of Life Financial Corp. Employee Stock Purchase Plan*
10.8 Life Savings Bank 401(k) Plan*
23.1 Consent of Grant Thornton LLP
23.2 Consent of Price Waterhouse LLP
23.3 Consent of Muldoon, Murphy & Faucette
23.4 Consent of Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell
24.1 Powers of Attorney
27.0 Financial Data Schedule
- --------------------
* To be filed by amendment.
II-4
(b) Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules have been omitted as not applicable or not required under the
rules of Regulation S-X.
Item 17. Undertakings.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:
(i) To include any Prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the Prospectus any facts or events arising after
the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most
recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually
or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the
information set forth in the Registration Statement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in
volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of
securities offered would not exceed that which was registered)
and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated
maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of
prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)
if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price
represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate
offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration
Fee" table in the effective registration statement;
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan
of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration
Statement or any material change to such information in the
Registration Statement;
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be
deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time
shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment
any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the Offering.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriter
at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements, certificates in such
denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriter to
permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant
has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission
such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against
such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the
successful
II-5
defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer
or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the
Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction
the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as
expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act
of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of
this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form
of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or
497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration
statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus
shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time be deemed to
be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-6
CONFORMED
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant
has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Riverside, State of
California, on January 27, 1997.
LIFE FINANCIAL CORP.
By: /s/ Daniel L. Perl
------------------
Daniel L. Perl
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name Title Date
---- ----- ----
/s/ Daniel L. Perl President, Chief January 27, 1997
- ------------------------- Executive Officer and Director
Daniel L. Perl (principal executive officer)
/s/ L. Bruce Mills, Jr. Executive Vice President, January 27, 1997
- ------------------------- Chief Financial Officer,
L. Bruce Mills, Jr. Treasurer and Secretary
(principal financial and
accounting officer)
/s/ Ronald G. Skipper Chairman of the Board January 27, 1997
- ------------------------- of Directors
Ronald G. Skipper
/s/ Richard C. Caldwell Director January 27, 1997
- -------------------------
Richard C. Caldwell
/s/ John D. Goddard Director January 27, 1997
- -------------------------
John D. Goddard
/s/ Milton E. Johnson Director January 27, 1997
- -------------------------
Milton E. Johnson
II-7
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 27, 1997
Registration No. 333-_________________
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
--------------------
EXHIBITS
TO THE
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
--------------------
LIFE FINANCIAL CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its certificate of incorporation)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Exhibits (filed herewith unless otherwise noted)
1.1 Engagement letter between Life Financial Corp. and Friedman, Billings,
Ramsey & Co., Inc.
1.2 Form of Underwriting Agreement*
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Life Financial Corp.
3.2 Bylaws of Life Financial Corp.
4.0 Specimen Stock Certificate of Life Financial Corp.
5.0 Draft Opinion of Muldoon, Murphy & Faucette regarding legality of the
securities to be registered
5.1 Draft Opinion of Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell regarding certain
matters of Delaware law
8.0 Draft Opinion of Muldoon, Murphy & Faucette regarding Federal Tax
Matters
8.1 Draft Opinion of Deloitte & Touche regarding State Tax Matters*
10.1 Letter Agreement between Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank and
Daniel L. Perl
10.2 Draft Form of Employment Agreement between Life Financial Corp. and
Daniel L. Perl
10.3 Draft Form of Employment Agreement between Life Savings Bank, Federal
Savings Bank and Daniel L. Perl
10.4 Life Savings Bank, Federal Savings Bank 1996 Stock Option Plan
10.5 Draft Life Financial Corp. 1997 Stock Option Plan
10.6 Form of Life Financial Corp. Employee Stock Ownership Plan*
10.7 Form of Life Financial Corp. Employee Stock Purchase Plan*
10.8 Life Savings Bank 401(k) Plan*
23.1 Consent of Grant Thornton LLP
23.2 Consent of Price Waterhouse LLP
23.3 Consent of Muldoon, Murphy & Faucette
23.4 Consent of Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell
24.1 Powers of Attorney
27.0 Financial Data Schedule
- ------------------------
* To be filed by amendment.